baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1421468-A (GB)
Title: Space heater
IPC: H05B3/00
Filed: 1973-02-22
Abstract: 1421468 Air heating apparatus; air conditioning units H LEIBUNDGUT 22 Feb 1973 [3 Nov 1972] 8684/73 Headings F4S and F4V An air heater for space heating comprises a generally upright open-ended cell 3 of polygonal or circular cross-section and defined by a wall 18 of metal such as aluminium, copper or brass covered externally of the cell by heatinsulating lagging 19, the cell being subdivided internally into open-ended air heating ducts 16, 17 by generally radially extending partitions 11 heat-conductively connected to the cell wall 18 and encircling at the centre of the cell a heating element (e.g. gas, hot water or steam or, as shown, an electric resistance heater or heaters 5), a blower 1 being positioned beneath the cell to force air to be heated through the cell ducts. The lagging includes above the cells a portion 23 in which are outlet apertures 24 for the heated air. The air heater may be fixed to or in a wall (Figs. 11-13), or it may be portable (e.g. on rollers 22). It may consist of a plurality of cells (Figs. 3a-3d), and it may incorporate means for humidifying the air. In the form shown such means comprises a water basin 25 mounted on the lagging portion 23. In an alternative form (Fig. 4) the humidifying means comprises upright perforated tubes (55) positioned adjacent the heating elements (46) and supplied with water from a water tank (49) incorporated in the air heater unit and having its outlet controlled by a manually actuated valve (53).
Patent GB-1424052-A (GB)
Title: Radiation responsive device
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1973-02-22
Abstract: 1424052 Light-sensitive devices EASTMAN KODAK CO 22 Feb 1973 [29 Feb 1972 and 15 Jan 1973] 8736/73 Heading H1K A light-sensitive device comprises, two semiconductor layers 7, 13 of the same conductivity type carrying an electrode 3 and a conductive layer 15 respectively and separated by a barrier layer 9 of a sensitizing dye which limits current flow through the device from the layer 15 to the electrode 3 to an extent determined by incident radiation 25 which penetrates the layers 15 and 13. The radiation 25 is believed to free from traps in the barrier layer 9 majority carriers previously collected from the adjoining semiconductor layers 7, 13. The effect of the radiation is thus to increase current through the device. The barrier layer 9 is formed of one of a plurality of specified organic dyes sublimated or vacuum deposited on to the layer 7. It may be up to 5 molecules thick and may cover all or part of the surface of the layer 7. The semiconductor layer 13 and conducting layer 15 are subsequently vapour deposited or sputtered on to the barrier layer 9. The layer 15 may form an ohmic or rectifying contact to the semiconductor layer 13, and the device may thus operate with either A.C. or D.C. bias across external electrodes 3, 19. Light may also be caused to reach the barrier layer 9 through the semiconductor layer 7, in which case the elecrode 3 is a radiation penetrable layer deposited on a glass plate. The semiconductor layers 7, 13, which may be polycrystalline or monocrystalline, are preferably of the same material, examples being CdS, Cd Se, ZnO, GaAs and Ge. Suitable rectifying-contact forming metals for the layer 15 are Ag, Au, Pt and/or Pd. Instead of the external electrode 19 being attached direct to the layer 15, as shown it may be spaced therefrom by a fluid electrolyte. The ohmic electrode 3 may be contacted direct through an In/Ge liquid eutectic layer.
Patent GB-391961-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in furnaces provided with mechanical stokers
IPC: F23K3/12
Filed: 1932-03-24
Abstract: 391,961. Furnace walls. AMERICAN ENGINEERING CO., Aramingo Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A. March 24, 1932, No. 8805. Convention date, Dec. 18, 1931. [Class 51 (i).] In order to prevent the adhesion of clinkers &c. on the surface of furnace walls adjacent the fuel bed, particularly in connection with underfeed stokers, a fluid cooling medium such as air or flue gases or oxygen is projected through nozzles arranged at an acute angle to the wall surfaces. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the side walls 1 are provided with upwardly diverging air passages 5 terminating in boxes 15 provided with upper and lower flanges 17, 18 constituting means for retaining in position nozzle elements 19 of the form shown in Fig. 6. These nozzle elements are spaced apart by lugs 24, 25, which define between their inner portions apertures which direct the streams of air upwardly and rearwardly over the wall surfaces. The body portion 23 is arcuate and inclined to the plane of the arms 21, 22 which engage with the flanges 17, 18. Terminal nozzle elements 31 are arranged at the end of the boxes 15 and are bolted to a depending lug provided therein. In a modification two rows of nozzle elements are provided.
Patent GB-825061-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to dynamo-electric machines
IPC: H02K9/19
Filed: 1956-03-21
Abstract: 825,061. Cooling dynamo-electric machines. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. March 21, 1956 [March 21, 1955], No. 8846/56. Class 35. In a machine, particularly an aircraft generator, liquid coolant flows through coaxial and co-terminous forward and return paths one through a central bore in a shaft and the other alternately in the rotor and in annular passages in the shaft, coolant entering and leaving the paths by adjacent passages at the same end of the rotor and shaft. As shown, part of the liquid such as oil from the cooler 40 flows from tube 44 into the spiral passage 36 in the stator frame 17 and leaves by outlet 42 while the rest of the coolant flows through inner shaft 48 returning along the exterior of the latter to the passage 52a admitting it to the axial or spiral ducts 20 in the D.C. rotor core 18, the oil then utilizing space 50 to reach the commutator interior 25e before returning to the inter-shaft space and return tube 55. The rotor compartment is kept fluid-tight by coating the laminµ and placing sealing rings 53a, 53b, 54a and 54b in the rotor core end rings. The casing also contains the stator 15 and rotor 13, the windings 14 of which are lead to sliprings 25j, 25k which also serve as clamping rings for the commutator segments, the micas of which are cut away to expose fins 25p on the segments. The commutator insulators 25c, 25g are of glass and mica composition and the brush-holders carry both the A.C. and D.C. brushes. Fins may be placed in the rotor ducts. Specification 687,550 and U.S.A. Specification 2,645,438 are referred to.
Patent GB-610852-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to optical projection apparatus
IPC: G02B21/00
Filed: 1946-03-22
Abstract: 610,852. Optical gauging apparatus. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd., ATKINS, P. P., and MAY, F. W. March 22, 1946, No. 8928. [Class 106 (ii)] [Also in Group XX] In a profile projector two portions of an object are projected to form images, which are juxtaposed on the screen, by beams of light inclined to one another. As shown in Fig. 4, light sources 2, 21 with condensers 3, 3<1> project beams which are reflected from mirrors 4, 4<1> past two corners of an object 1, being then reflected by mirrors 5, 5<1> through the objective 6 which throws superposed images on the screen 7. The lens 6 is adjacent to but below the screen and two mirrors 8, 9 in the light path reflect the beam, first, upwardly and then back on to the screen. The object clamp is shown in Fig. 2. The object 1 is located by side plates 21, 22 and a front stop 23 and is retained by a spring plunger 25 releasable by a lever 26. The height of the lever mounting is adjustable by a knurled knob 33. The top of the base member 24 is recessed to prevent accumulation of dirt in the way of the stop 23. The mirrors 5, 5<1> are supported by a bar 27. The base member 24 is secured to the profile projector by screws 30.
Patent GB-832806-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to integrating devices
Inventor: SUMMERLIN FREDERICK ARTHUR
IPC: G01R22/02
Filed: 1957-03-19
Abstract: 832,806. Electric analog calculating. SPERRY GYROSCOPE CO. Ltd. March 17, 1958 [March 19, 1957; Dec. 13, 1957], Nos. 8928/57 and 38769/57. Class 37. An electric analog integrator comprises an electrolytic cell through which analog current is passed to deposit a radio-active material, and a detecting device responsive to radioactive disintegrations, at the deposit electrode, which indicates the change of radioactivity at the electrodes as a measure of the required integral. Fig. 1 shows a current carrying cell containing electrodes of cobalt plated platinum in an aqueous solution of a salt of cobalt enriched with radio-active cobalt 60. Identical halogen quenched Geiger counters observe the electrodes and are series connected over megohm resistors to Zener diodes, producing voltage pulses corresponding to individual disintegrations of cobalt 60 observed by the respective counters, which are capacitance differentiated at 21 and bridge rectified at 22 to currents in resistors 23 proportional to the rates of disintegration at the respective electrodes, so that the subtracted difference at the output is shown to be proportional to the single integral of the analog current, irrespective of background radiation. In a modification (Fig. 2, not shown), the counter outputs are developed across respective resistors at the inputs of differentiating feedback amplifiers whose outputs are squared and clamped to energize the bridge rectifiers shown in Fig. 1. For double integration (Fig. 3), the Geiger counters 14, 15 develop pulse outputs across respective resistors to energize scaling devices 34 producing other pulses in response to e.g. every eighth input pulse, which step a reversible mechanical counting device in directions corresponding to the particular counter generating the pulse. An electronic counter device may be used. The first Provisional Specification describes the use of Nickel 63 as the radio-active material, with which the Pt. electrodes may be plated; and also radiation counters which may be switched for measurement over consecutive equal time intervals, or which trigger constant size current impulses measured by an ammeter indicating the integral value directly.
Patent GB-1455125-A (GB)
Title: Room heaters
IPC: F28D1/02
Filed: 1973-02-23
Abstract: 1455125 Space heaters P D GOSLING 1 Feb 1974 [23 Feb 1973] 8933/73 Headings F4S and F4V A space heater comprises a vertical finned heating pipe 10 and a parallel finned return pipe 12 mounted within an upright elongate housing 18 fitting between the floor 20 and ceiling 22 in the corner of a room. The flow of hot water through the pipes 10, 12 is controlled by a valve 28 which may be manually operable through a control knob 30 or automatically operable through a thermostatically controlled device mounted in or remote from the housing 18. The pipes 10 and 12 are joined at their lower end by a bridging pipe 16 containing a drain plug 34. As shown, the housing is provided with separate air inlet and outlet louvred apertures 24 and 26. Adjustable flaps may be provided for partially or completely covering the apertures to control the heat output. In the alternative embodiment (not shown) the separate apertures are replaced by a single louvred aperture extending over substantially the entire height of the housing; inclined baffle plates may be inserted at intervals within the housing to deflect rising hot air out through the louvred openings and stop hot air rising within the housing to ceiling level. A motor driven fan may be provided to reinforce or oppose the natural circulation of air with the housing.
Patent GB-1522915-A (GB)
Title: Machine for the pneumatic deliverv of granular material
IPC: A01C15/04
Filed: 1977-03-03
Abstract: 1522915 Pneumatic distributors AMAZONEN-WERKE H DREYER 3 March 1977 [9 March 1976] 09005/77 Heading AID A pneumatic distributor for granular material comprises a hopper 1, divided into two parts by a roof-shaped member 2, and a blower 6 having a front wall flush with the front wall of the hopper and taking drive from a shaft 17 which is connected to the PTO of a tractor etc. and is housed beneath the member 2. Pipelines 3 having discharge apertures 8 extend transversely of the machine and are connected to the blower via an air duct 4 and a delivery pipe 5.
Patent GB-495010-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to drafting devices
IPC: B43L7/00
Filed: 1938-03-25
Abstract: 495,010. Rulers. LITTLE, C. H., and LITTLE, C. H. March 25, 1938, No. 9146. [Class 97 (iii)] An edge strip B of plastic material is moulded in place on a body portion A and is interlocked with the body portion, e.g. by dovetail grooves 12, 14. The edge strip may encircle the body which may be made of an aluminium alloy provided with a protective oxide coating by an electrolytic process.
Patent GB-567893-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of organic esters of cellulose
IPC: C08B3/22
Filed: 1943-06-08
Abstract: Cellulose is esterified in presence of an inorganic acid esterification catalyst and a solvent for the cellulose ester and the solution so obtained is subjected to ripening after the inorganic acid has been eliminated and replaced by an organo-mineral acid.  The acid esterification catalyst may be neutralized by adding oxides, carbonates, or organic salts of metals, which can combine with the catalyst without liberating any other mineral acid.  Magnesium acetate or carbonate, calcium acetate or carbonate, zinc acetate, or zinc oxide, may be used.  A sulphuric acid catalyst may be neutralized in two stages with different neutralizing agents, e.g. part may be neutralized with a mixture of magnesium acetate and calcium acetate and the remainder with magnesium acetate alone.  The organo-mineral acid may be methyl sulphonic, ethyl sulphonic, propyl di-sulphonic, benzyl sulphonic, benzene sulphonic, phenyl sulphonic, naphthalene sulphonic, toluene sulphonic, xylene sulphonic, or methyl or ethyl phosphinic acid, or ethyl hydrogen sulphate.  The amount of organo-mineral acid may be 5-50 per cent of the weight of the original cellulose.  The water required for ripening may all be added before ripening begins or part may be added before and part at one or more stages during the ripening.  Ripening may be carried out at 30-100 DEG  C.  Before esterification, the cellulose may be pre-treated with acetic, or formic acid, or a mixture of these, with or without sulphuric acid.  In an example, cotton is esterified with a mixture of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulphuric acid, the mixture being allowed to reach a peak temperature of 35 DEG  C.  When the acetylation is complete, water is added to destroy unreacted anhydride.  A mixture of magnesium and calcium acetates is added to neutralize half of the sulphuric acid present.  The rest of the sulphuric acid is then neutralized by adding magnesium acetate. Toluene sulphonic acid and water are added and the solution is kept at 35 DEG  C. for 96 hours.  The ripened cellulose acetate is precipitated by adding a large amount of water.  Instead of sulphuric acid, there may be used phosphoric acid or mixtures of phosphoric and sulphuric acids, as the catalyst.
Patent GB-796834-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lift-trucks
IPC: B66F9/06
Filed: 1956-03-24
Abstract: 796,834. Excavating earth. SCHULTZ, K. G. March 24, 1956, No. 9256/56. Class 68(1) [Also in Groups XXX and XXXI] A power operated lifting unit is tiltably mounted at the rear of a vehicle capable of movement at normal motor car speeds which is provided with a low slung chassis and a driver's seat located on a level with, and between, the axes of the road wheels. The lifting unit comprises a fork lift structure 4 (Fig. 5), the fork a of which is replaceable by either a scoop b (Fig. 6) or a dozing blade e (Fig. 9).
Patent GB-692430-A (GB)
Title: Process for dimensionally stabilizing oriented films of crystalline vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers
IPC: C08L27/00
Filed: 1950-04-14
Abstract: Oriented films of plasticized crystalline vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers, in which the crystallites are oriented with their major axes parallel with the surfaces of the films, are dimensionally stabilized by heating them to 20-40 DEG  C. below the softening point for 0.5-2 minutes while holding the film to prevent shrinkage, releasing the tension sufficiently to allow the film to slip without wrinkling while heating for 0.5-2 minutes at a temperature between 100 DEG  and 20 DEG  C. below the temperature applied in the first stage, cooling the film to at least 100 DEG  C. and finally releasing the treated film.  The film may consist (apart from the plasticizer) of about 88-93 per cent of vinylidene chloride and 7-12 per cent of vinyl chloride.  In an example a film composed of a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride plasticized with 7 per cent of its weight of di-(alpha-phenylethyl) ether is heated to 150 DEG  C. for one minute while held in a frame to prevent shrinkage.  The frame clamps are then loosened to allow slippage without wrinkling and the film is heated for one minute at about 120 DEG  C.  The film is then cooled to room temperature while still held in the frame.  It does not shrink more than about 1 to 1.2 per cent on heating at 100 DEG  C. for 30 minutes.  The heat treatment may be carried out in a medium of p  air, hot gases or steam or other vapours.  Hot non-solvent liquids or solid heating surfaces may also be used.  Specification 692,429 is referred to.
Patent GB-740255-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing small lactose crystals
Inventor: VLETTER ROBBERT DE
IPC: C13K5/00
Filed: 1953-04-07
Abstract: Fine crystals of lactose of the order of 1 micron in size, are formed by evaporating a solution of lactose to a water content of 30 per cent or less while preventing the formation of crystal nuclei, quickly cooling the solution through the temperature range in which the tendency to crystallization is high, and inducing crystallization of the cooled mass by mechanical agitation.  a -lactose crystallizes as fine crystals with about 5 per cent water and the b lactose gradually converts into a -lactose.  This conversion may be accelerated by raising the pH of the lactose solution above 8.5.  The solution may be more highly concentrated without danger of premature crystallization if substances which inhibit crystallization, such as glucose, galactose, cane or invert sugar, are added to the lactose solution.  In an example 2.5 kg. of commercial lactose are mixed with 1.6 litres of water and boiled to a temperature of 105 DEG C. The solution is cooled over five minutes to 0 DEG C by pouring onto a cooled table, and the mass gathered and stirred whereupon it forms a cake of small crystals which is broken up, dried in a desiccator and ground in a mill to separate the crystals.  The crystals are suitable for innoculation of condensed milk by the process of Specification 696,287.ALSO:Fine crystals of lactose of the order of 1 micron in size and suitable for the inoculation of condensed milk by the process of Specification 696,287, are formed by evaporating a solution of lactose to a water content of 30 per cent or less while preventing the formation of crystal nuclei, quickly cooling the solution through the temperature range in which the tendency to crystallize is high, and inducing crystallization of the cooled mass by mechanical agitation.  a -lactose crystallizes as fine crystals with about 5 per cent water and the b -lactose gradually converts into a -lactose.  This conversion may be accelerated by raising the pH of the lactose solution above 8,5.  The solution may be more highly concentrated without danger of premature crystallization if substances which inhibit crystallization, such as glucose, galactose, cane or invert sugar, are added to the lactose solution.  In an example 2,5 kg. of commercial lactose are mixed with 1,6 litres of water and boiled to a temperature of 105 DEG C.  The solution is cooled over five minutes to 0 DEG C. by pouring onto a cooled table and the mass gathered and stirred whereupon it forms a cake of small crystals which is broken up, dried in a desiccator and ground in a mill to separate the crystals.
Patent GB-1044053-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus and method for starting a forced through flow vapour generator and associated power plant
IPC: F22B29/12
Filed: 1964-03-05
Abstract: 1,044,053. Forced flow steam boilers. COMBUSTION ENGINEERING Inc. March 5, 1964 [March 25, 1963 (3)], No. 9408/64. Heading F4A. A method of starting a forced flow once through steam generator and associated power plant operating at or above critical pressure including a feedwater heating system and a furnace lined with steam generating and superheating tubes consists of clean-up of preboiler equipment between the condenser and economizer, clean-up of economizer and furnace tube walls, clean-up of superheating section and warming, rolling and synchronizing the associated turbine plant. During this start up a major portion of the fluid input through the generating tubes is recirculated to provide protection against overheating. The working fluid is circulated by a turbine-driven feed pump 22 and a boost feed pump, Fig. 3 (not shown), through H.P. feedwater heater 24, steam operated feed valve 26, economizer 21, furnace tube walls 30a, 30b, boiler throttle and boiler throttle by-pass valves 32a, 32b, superheater 33, H.P. turbine 36, reheaters 38, 39, L.P. turbine 40 and condenser 10. Condensate is circulated by pump 12, through a filter and demineralizer 14, L.P. feedwater heater 18 and deaerator 16. Water of acceptable purity is supplied from a make-up tank 11 leading to the condenser 10 and the concentration of impurities such as copper and iron in the water is measured by chemical analysis equipment 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d. Fluid is recirculated by pump 28 through the furnace tubes 30a, 30b, via conduit 46. A flash tank 44 is connected, in parallel across valves 32a, 32b by conduits containing valves 42, 51, to the feedwater supply line by conduit 41 containing valve 37 and to the condenser by conduit 50. An auxiliary boiler 20 supplies steam for turbine seals, the deaerator 16 and for the initial operation of pump 22 and valve 26. The method of starting commences with preboiler clean-up comprising closing valves 26, 42, 51, filling the preboiler equipment with demineralized water and circulating it by pumps 12, 19 through the equipment and conduits 41, 45. Both feedwater heaters comprise two parallel heaters arranged so that the entire flow can be passed through each heater separately to increase the speed and efficiency of clean-up. When the impurities are reduced to an acceptable value, e.g. 20 p.p.b. boiler clean up is commenced by firing the boiler and circulating about 5% of maximum feed water flow through the economizer and tubes 30a, 30b, the flash tank 44 and the condenser, valve 42 controlling the pressure at which is gradually raised from 1000 to 3500 p.s.i.g. L.P. steam from tank 44 is passed through the superheaters for cooling and when it is sufficiently pure is passed from the tank through superheaters 38, 39 to the turbine to roll and synchronize it, the firing rate being gradually increased.