baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IT-1252643-B (IT)
Title: Apparecchiatura per il taglio automatico del film di imballaggio e seccessiva depallettizzazione di bottiglie o flaconi vuoti in plastica o vetro prima del loro riempimento
Inventor: PRESCENDO RENATO
IPC: B65B69/00
Filed: 1991-12-06
Granted: 1995-06-19
Abstract: Apparecchiatura per effettuare automaticamente la completa depallettizzazione di bottiglie o flaconi vuoti in plastica o vetro, prima del loro riempimento da imballaggi a più strati, prevedendo il preventivo taglio del film di imballaggio in corrispondenza di ciascuno strato di bottiglie. L'apparecchiatura comprende una prima stazione di posizionamento e preparazione al taglio su piattaforma girevole, una stazione di taglio multiplo con una serie di lame rotanti disposte su bracci orizzontali sovrapposti, indipendenti e retrattili, un dispositivo per l'eliminazione della parte superiore dell'imballaggio, nonché un dispositivo elevatore a forca atto a sollevare di volta in volta strati successivi di bottiglie per portarli al livello di quello superiore, così da poter essere prelevati uno alla volta da un dispositivo di tipo noto per il trasporto su una seconda piattaforma o stazione di completa depallettizzazione mediante separazione della striscia tagliata di film plastico e della falda inferiore per ciascuno strato di bottiglie, da trasportare una alla volta verso la linea di imbottigliamento, e stazione di scarico dei materiali di imballaggio con immagazzinamento del pallet in corrispondenza dello strato di fondo.
Patent IT-1258909-B (IT)
Title: Process for the permanent marking of food products
IPC: B41N/
Filed: 1992-05-12
Granted: 1996-03-01
Abstract: Process for the permanent marking of food articles by applying to the product a label 10 provided with a layer 2 of adhesive substance which when heated penetrates the surface 5 of the food product and once cooled forms a permanent agglomerate 6 with the product. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1256374-B (IT)
Title: Apparecchio generatore di impulsi di fluido
Inventor: STEINHARDT MICHAEL D
IPC: F16K3/06
Filed: 1992-11-06
Granted: 1995-12-04
Abstract: Un apparecchio per imprimere impulsi all'acqua che fluisce verso la testa di una doccia comprendente un involucro con una camera, un primo ed un secondo ingresso dell'acqua alla camera ed una uscita dell'acqua. Il secondo ingresso e l'uscita sono posti attraverso una parete dell'involucro ad una estremità della camera. Una valvola possiede una piastra con una pluralità di aperture. La valvola è disposta nella camera in modo che l'acqua che fluisce attraverso il primo ingresso sposti la valvola in stretta vicinanza della parete dell'involucro ove il movimento rotatorio della valvola apre e chiude alternativamente l'uscita dell'acqua. Tale azione crea un flusso pulsante d'acqua attraverso l'uscita. L'acqua che fluisce nella camera attraverso il secondo ingresso allontana la piastra valvolare dalla parete dell'involucro permettendo all'acqua di fluire in modo continuo dal secondo ingresso all'uscita senza essere soggetto ad impulsi. Un meccanismo è accoppiato alla valvola per produrre il movimento rotatorio.
Patent IT-1256062-B (IT)
Title: Procedimento per l'ottenimento di correnti di metanolo, etanolo, n-propanolo,isobutanolo,utilizzabili soprattutto nella preparazione diprodotti alto ottanici, da miscele contenenti detti alcoli con acqua ed altri composti bassobollenti e altobollenti
Inventor: RESCALLI CARLO
IPC: B01D3/14
Filed: 1992-11-20
Granted: 1995-11-23
Abstract: Il procedimento rivendicato consente di ottenere, da una miscela contenente metanolo, etanolo, n-propanolo, isobutanolo, acqua e altri composti sia bassobollenti che altobollenti, tre distinte correnti, di cui una anidra costituita essenzialmente da metanolo o da metanolo ed etanolo (I), una contenente la maggior parte di n-propanolo presente nella miscela alimentata (II), una contenente la maggior parte dell'isobutanolo presente nella suddetta miscela (III), mediante l'impiego di tre colonne di rettifica, essendo la corrente (I) prelevata da un punto laterale della prima colonna, la corrente (II) ottenuta dalla testa della seconda colonna, la corrente (III) ottenuta dal fondo della seconda colonna.
Patent IT-1263633-B (IT)
Title: Method and apparatus for making railroad sleepers and similar structures of reinforced cement
IPC: B28B/
Filed: 1993-02-25
Granted: 1996-08-27
Abstract: A method is specified for making railroad sleepers and similar structures of reinforced cement, consisting in arranging formworks, mutually lined up and longitudinally spaced, in order to produce castings, laying a predetermined number of metal cables across the formworks in the desired positions, inserting between adjacent formworks junction elements able to furnish continuity between the castings obtained from the formworks, and making a single cut on the resulting continuous castings, after having removed the junction elements, between two consecutive sleepers. The method is implemented by an apparatus comprising formworks having a plurality of openings and movable junction elements which can be inserted between adjacent formworks and having gaps suitable to form the terminal portions of consecutive sleepers. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1271704-B (IT)
Title: Joint for assembly of shaftlike, tubular and similar structures, especially designed for making show cases, scaffolding, and furnishing components in general
Inventor: NAVA GIUSEPPE
IPC: F16B/
Filed: 1994-11-04
Granted: 1997-06-04
Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a joint for assembly of shaftlike, tubular and similar structures, especially designed for making show cases, scaffolding, and furnishing components in general, characterised in having a main body of annular shape, which can be coupled to a first shaftlike element and consisting of two half- rings that can be mutually hinged, at one end, about an axis essentially parallel to the axis of said main body, and which can be clamped, at the other end, by at least one clamping element which defines the pocket to hold a second shaftlike element, arranged essentially perpendicular with regard to said first shaftlike element. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1275378-B (IT)
Title: Elevator device
Inventor: GOLINELLI GIANANTONIO
IPC: B66B/
Filed: 1994-11-08
Granted: 1997-08-05
Abstract: The invention refers to an elevator device, characterised by the fact that it comprises a support platform provided with means suitable for conferring, to the same, a translating movement in a vertical direction and a rotary movement around a vertical axis. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1250461-B (IT)
IPC: B29C63/02
Filed: 1991-08-09
Granted: 1995-04-07
Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically laminating, under heat, vacuum and mechanical pressure, a printed circuit board (132) or the like. The apparatus includes a two-part conveyorized vacuum applicator comprising two input conveyors (14, 16) in end-to-end relation and a belt conveyor (20) and vacuum laminator (22). The belt conveyor is characterised in its use of an endless belt (50) having an aperture (84) therein through which, in the vacuum laminating condition of the applicator, a movable lower platen (90) is movable upwards into sealing contact with an upper platen (92), with the printed circuit board to be laminated and a portion of the upper run (50a) of the endless belt contained within the vacuum chamber of the laminator. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1257426-B (IT)
Title: Procedimento per il recupero di perossidasi di semi di soia.
IPC: C12N9/08
Filed: 1992-05-13
Granted: 1996-01-16
Abstract: Procedimento per recuperare una soluzione di perossidasi di semi di soia da semi di soia o gusci di semi di soia.
Patent IT-1253234-B (IT)
Title: Positioning, lifting and centring unit on a straightening and checking bench
Inventor: PRESTI MARIO
IPC: G01L/
Filed: 1991-11-08
Granted: 1995-07-11
Abstract: Positioning, lifting and centring unit that comprises at least one carriage or slide designed to be mounted so that it slides along and astride two longitudinal beams of a straightening and checking bench, two supporting platforms for the vehicle to be straightened or checked supported by a respective carriage or slide, a pantograph device for raising and lowering each platform placed between the platform and the carriage or slide and four removable feet that can be attached to the carriages or slides to support the wheels of the vehicle or their hubs. <IMAGE>
Patent ME-00870-B (ME)
Inventor: Björk Anders
IPC: C07D215/22
Filed: 1999-04-26
Abstract: Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na jedinjenja opšte formule (I) Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na jedinjenja opšte formule (I) propil, izo-propil, metoksi, etoksi, hloro, bromo, CF3 ili OCHxFy; pri čemu je x =O- 2, y = 1 - 3 uz uslov da je x + y = 3; R6 je vodonik; ili R5 i R6 uzeti zajedno su metilendioksi; i bilo koji njihov tautomer. Ovaj pronalazak se takođe odnosi na farmaceutske preparate koji sadrže jedinjenje opšte formule (I) zajedno sa farmaceutski prihvatljivim nosačem. Uključeni su takođe i postupci za dobijanje jedinjenja formule (1), kao i postupci tretiranja sisara koji pate od oboljenja proisteklih iz autoimuniteta i patoloških upala administriranjem jedinjenja formule (I), pomenutom sisaru. propil, izo-propil, metoksi, etoksi, hloro, bromo, CF3 ili OCH x F y ; pri čemu je x =O- 2,  y = 1 - 3 uz uslov da je x + y = 3; R 6 je  vodonik; ili R 5 i R 6 uzeti zajedno su  metilendioksi; i bilo koji njihov tautomer. Ovaj  pronalazak se takođe odnosi na farmaceutske  preparate koji sadrže jedinjenje opšte formule  (I) zajedno sa farmaceutski prihvatljivim  nosačem. Uključeni su takođe i postupci za  dobijanje jedinjenja formule (1), kao i postupci  tretiranja sisara koji pate od oboljenja  proisteklih iz autoimuniteta i patoloških upala  administriranjem jedinjenja formule (I),  pomenutom sisaru.
Patent PT-104137-B (PT)
Title: Metodo para montar um painel solar terrestre, incluindo uma armaã†o r�gida de suporte
Inventor: HERING GARY
IPC: F24J2/54
Filed: 2008-07-24
Abstract: UM MéTODO PARA MONTAR UM SISTEMA CONCENTRADOR DE PAINéIS DE CéLULAS SOLARES FOTOVOLTAICAS INCLUINDO A INSTALAÃ†O DE UMA BASE (601A) NUMA SUPERF�CIE E A LIGAÃ†O A UM SUPORTE CENTRAL (11A, 11B). UMA BARRA TRANSVERSAL (14) é LIGADA AO SUPORTE CENTRAL (11A, 11B) E UM OU MAIS BRAÃOS INCLINADOS (14A) S†O LIGADOS ‚ BARRA TRANSVERSAL (14) E AO SUPORTE CENTRAL (11A, 11B). UMA ESTRUTURA DE SUPORTE (15), QUE INCLUI UM PRIMEIRO CONJUNTO DA ESTRUTURA (15A) DISPOSTO PARA LIGAR A UM OU MAIS SUBPAINéIS DE CéLULAS SOLARES (16), é LIGADA ‚ BARRA TRANSVERSAL (14). UM OU MAIS SUBPAINéIS DE CéLULAS SOLARES (16) S†O LIGADOS AO PRIMEIRO CONJUNTO DA ESTRUTURA (15A), FORMANDO ASSIM UM PAINEL DE CéLULAS SOLARES (10), EM QUE CADA SUBPAINEL DE CéLULAS SOLARES (16) INCLUI UMA VARIEDADE DE RECEPTORES DE CéLULAS SOLARES SEMICONDUTORAS DO COMPOSTO III-V DE TRIPLA JUNÃ†O (19). PARA PERMITIR A ROTAÃ†O DE PELO MENOS UMA PARTE DO SUPORTE CENTRAL LIGADO ‚ ESTRUTURA DE SUPORTE, é INSTALADO UM ACTUADOR (100).
Patent RO-82952-B (RO)
Inventor: SPIRITINI
IPC: E01C19/45
Filed: 1981-07-27
Abstract: Inventia se refera la un procedeu si un dispozitiv pentru încorporarea materialului de constructie rutiera în partea carosabila, prin umplerea santurilor realizate de vehicule ce se deplaseaza pe carosabil în materialul de constructie al partii carosabile, de preferinta din asfalt, la care materialul vechi al zonelor marginale ale acestor santuri se replastifica prin încalzire. Procedeul, conform inventiei, în scopul evitarii formarii unei denivelari între materialul de constructie rutiera ce se introduce în santurile de urme si fîsia carosabila dintre ele, realizeaza replastifierea materialului rutier nu numai în zonele marginale ale celor doua santuri ci si cel al fîsiei intermediare. în cazul în care vechea suprafata a fîsiei intermediare este mai ridicata decat zonele marginale acle celor doua santuri de urme, materialul replastifiat al fîsiei marginale se aduce cel putin la acelasi nivel cu zonele marginale ale celor doua santuri de urme, înaintea introducerii noului material, materialul scos introducîndu-se în santurile de urme, iar suprafata degajata a fîsiei intermediare realizîndu-se în final, rugoasa. Materialul nou se aplica ae fîsia intermediara dintre cele doua santuri de urme într-un strat cît se poate de subtire, fara a fi afectata calitatea lucrarilor...................
Patent RO-85598-B (RO)
Inventor: LIPPMANN SIEGRFRIED
IPC: C21D9/02
Filed: 1983-04-18
Abstract: Inventia se refera la un procedeu pentru realizarea arcurilor inelare cu caracteristici mecanice îmbunatatite, în urma unui tratament termic combinat cu deformare plastica. Semifabricatele dupa laminare pe un laminor circular sau pe un utilaj corespunzator, de la temperatura de 850 degree C, se racesc timp de 5 la 20 s în ulei, dupa care sunt supuse unei reveniri la 400-480 degree C, apoi de la aceasta temperatura sunt calibrate cu un grad de reducere de maximum 5%.
Patent TJ-280-B (TJ)
Title: Method of producing substantially free of dust fines and method of soil disinfection
Inventor: APPLER HEINS
IPC: A01N43/88
Filed: 1992-12-15
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP92/02907 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 13, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 13, 1994 PCT Filed Dec. 15, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/13085 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 8, 1993.Substantially dust-free granules of tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (I) are prepared by reacting methylamine (II) with carbon disulfide (III) and formaldehyde (IV) or by reacting the methylammonium salt of N-methyldithiocarbamic acid (V) with formaldehyde (IV) by a process in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one diaminoalkylene of the formula VI R1-NH-A-NH-R2 VI where R1 and R2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or alkyl and A is an unsubstituted or substituted 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene or 1,4-butylene bridge.
Patent TW-199915-B (TW)
Title: Application of foamed asphalt for road base
Inventor: Tian li-sheng
IPC: E01C21/00
Filed: 1992-01-13
Granted: 1993-02-11
Abstract: A road base treatment comprising: dispersing 1-2 weight percent of water in 100% asphalt to form foamed asphalt; mixing 2-8 weight percent of foamed asphalt with 100 weight percent of road materials at 40-60xC to form an asphalt mixture; rolling the asphalt mixture to form a new road base.
Patent TW-221400-B (TW)
IPC: B64D11/06
Filed: 1992-11-24
Granted: 1994-03-01
Abstract: A hydraulic positioner 10 comprises a cylinder 12, a piston chamber 32 in said cylinder closed at one end by an axially displaceable gland 24, a piston 30 axially reciprocable in said first chamber, a rod 16 axially connected to said piston and slidable through said gland, said rod moveable with said piston between an extended and a compressed condition, hydraulic fluid in said piston chamber, valve means 40 in said piston actuatable for allowing flow of said fluid across said piston, said valve means being normally closed for locking said piston and said rod against movement in said cylinder, first spring means 18 urging said rod to said extended condition, and second spring means 74 urging said gland against said fluid to compensate for changes in fluid volume in said chamber. <IMAGE>
Patent TW-216781-B (TW)
Title: Automatic car auxiliary braking method and device
Inventor: SHIAU SHIANN-YANN
IPC: B60T7/00
Filed: 1992-11-30
Granted: 1993-12-01
Abstract: One car auxiliary braking method is claimed. It uses electrical control circuit to monitor whether the hand brake is released, whether the accelerator pedal is stepped and whether the car speed is zero to decide whether driving the auxiliary braking device. At least the conditions of pedal not being stepped and car speed being zero must be true, the control circuit will drive the auxiliary braking device.
Patent TW-363973-B (TW)
Title: Stable polypeptide composition and method of preparation the same
Inventor: SWIFT ROBERT L
IPC: C12N15/00
Filed: 1993-04-27
Granted: 1999-07-11
Abstract: Disclosed are stable polypeptide composition consisting of a polypeptide that has been purified to a pharmaceutically acceptable level of purity, dissolved in a citrate buffer, said solution having a pH from 5.0 to 5.5, wherein said polypeptide is a platelet aggregation inhibitor and is selected from Mpr-K-G-D-W(Formyl)-P-C-NH2; Mvl-K-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr-K-G-D-W-P-Pen-DrH2; Mpr-(Har)-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr-(Har)-G-D-W-2-Pen-NH2; Mpr(Acetimidyl-Lys)-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr(Acetimidyl-Lys)-G-D-W-p-pen-NH2; Mpr-(Phenylimidyl-Lys)-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr(Phenylimidyl-Lys)-G-D-W-P-Pen-NH2; Mpr-Ala-(Har)-G-D-W-P-C-DH2; Mpr-K-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr-Har-G-D-W-(3,4-dehydro-Pro)-C-NH2; Mpr-K-G-D-W-(Pip)-Pen-NH2; Mpr-K-G-D-Y(Ome)-P-C-NH, acetyl-C-K-G-D-W-P-C-NH, Mpr-K-G-D+-w-P-Pen-NH, Mpr-(NG, NG+, ethylene-Har)-G-D-W-P-C-NH2 Mpr-Har-Sar-D-W-P-C-NH2; Mpr-S-Har-G-D-W-P-C-NH2; or cyclic forms thereof and a method of preparing the composition.
Patent TW-263528-B (TW)
IPC: C10B43/14
Filed: 1993-10-12
Granted: 1995-11-21
Abstract: Inhibiting coke formation on heat transfer surfaces used to heat or cool a petroleum feedstock at coke-forming conditions by using phosphorothioates. Preferably the heat transfer surfaces are treated with an effective amount of S,S,S-trihydrocarbyl phosphorotrithioate, either by pretreatment or by admixture of the phosphorotrithioate with the feedstock.
Patent TW-419540-B (TW)
Title: Method of yarn stretching and twisting and its device
Inventor: SUGIOKA TAKAMI
IPC: D02J13/00
Filed: 1994-08-01
Granted: 2001-01-21
Abstract: An apparatus for false twisting a yarn after drawing the yarn is provided. In the apparatus, drawing point of the yarn is not adversely affected by false twisting torque or vibration of the yarn, and a textured yarn being free from unevenness in dyeability and having a high quality can be obtained by the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a heating means (3) for heating a running yarn and a false twisting means (5) disposed at the downstream of the heating member for imparting twists to the yarn, and the apparatus is used for drawing the yarn and false twisting the yarn. The apparatus further comprises a twist stopping means (11) for stopping the run back of the twists imparted by the false twisting means which twist stopping means is disposed in the heating means.
Patent TW-371293-B (TW)
Title: Process for preparing spheroidal aggregate of platy synthetic hydrotalcite particles having a determined average aggregate size A process for preparing spheroidal aggregates of platy hydrotalcite particles having a predetermined average aggregate size
Inventor: COX SHERMAN D
IPC: C09D5/00
Filed: 1994-08-13
Granted: 1999-10-01
Abstract: A process for preparing spheroidal aggregates of platy hydrotalcite particles having a predetermined average aggregate size comprising the steps of: (a) forming an aqueous magnesium ion-containing solution; (b) forming an aqueous aluminum ion-containing solution; such that the molar ratio of magnesium ions in the solution of step (a) to the aluminum ions in the solution of step (b) is in the range of from 2.25:1 to 4.5:1; (c) forming an aqueous basic solution containing an excess of carbonate and sufficient total base to maintain a reaction mixture of the solutions prepared in steps (a), (b) and (c) at a pH in the range of from 8.5 to 9.5; (d) mixing the solutions prepared in steps (a), (b) and (c) with water at a temperature of from 20 DEG C to the mixed solution boiling point, by adding the solutions to the water over a period of time of from 0.5 to 8.0 hours, at constant temperature, with the rate of addition of each solution being constant over the period of addition; and with continuous stirring at a constant rate sufficient to produce homogeneous mixing and to impart an amount of shear required to produce the desired aggregate size; and (e) recovering product hydrotalcite crystals from the reaction solution.
Patent TW-432016-B (TW)
Title: Hardly degradative magnesia type pH regulator for modifying the water quality and bottom sediment
Inventor: KANEYASU AKIRA
IPC: A01K61/00
Filed: 1996-01-06
Granted: 2001-05-01
Abstract: This invention provides a hardly degradative magnesia type pH regulator which can modify the biochore of fishes and aquatic organism by dispering or filling it into an inland sea, a gulf, lakes, rivers and raising water tank etc. one time to maintain the pH of the water quality and bottom sediment in alkaline for a long time. A hardly degradative magnesia type pH regulator for modifying the water quality and bottom sediment composed of one or more than 2 of magnesia type material having a particle size of more than lmm, and the degradation rate after inputting to water for 1 hour is less than 10%.
Patent TW-372874-B (TW)
Title: Pharmaceutical excipient having improved compressibility
Inventor: SHERWOOD BOB E
IPC: A61K47/38
Filed: 1996-01-06
Granted: 1999-11-01
Abstract: A microcrystalline cellulose-based excipient having improved compressibility, whether utilized in direct compression, dry granulation or wet granulation formulation, is disclosed. The excipient is an agglomerate of microcrystalline cellulose particles and from about 0.1% to about 20% silicon dioxide particles, by weight of the microcrystalline cellulose, wherein the microcrystalline cellulose and silicon dioxide are in intimate association with each other. The silicon dioxide utilized in the novel excipient has a particle size from about 1 manometer to about 100 microns. Most preferably, the silicon dioxide is a grade of colloidal silicon dioxide.
Patent TW-324024-B (TW)
Title: Water-based primer composition with high zinc content
Inventor: TIMOTHY PARKER SANBORN
IPC: C09D133/00
Filed: 1996-05-16
Granted: 1998-01-01
Abstract: A multi-component corrosion-resistant water-based paint composition, which comprises: based on the solid content of the composition, 5~30 wt% of a polymer component, in which the polymer component comprises, based on the total solid weight of the composition, 5~15 wt% of a polymer particle aqueous dispersion of a latex polymer with a Tg of from -50 degree C to +50 degree C and 0.1~6 wt% of amine function group hardener; a cross-linking component which can co-react with the amine function hardener, in which the quantitative ratio of the cross-linking component to the amine function hardener is 0.5 to 2; and based on the total solid weight of the composition, 60~93 wt% of corrosion protection agent of zinc powder; in which the latex polymer can be copolymerized by at least one copolymer selected from the group consisted of free styrene, butadiene, ethylene, (methyl) acrylamide, (methyl) methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, 2-bromo-ethyl methacrylate, and ethyl methyl itaconate; the amine function hardener is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic amine and cycloaliphatic amine which are free and each contains 2 to 10 primary or secondary amino and 2 to 100 carbon atoms; the cross-linking component is selected from the group consisting of a reaction product of epichlorohydrin with bisphenol A or bisphenol F, epoxidized novolac resin formed by the reaction product of epichlorohydrin with phenol and formaldehyde, and a reaction product of epichlorohydrin with aliphatic polyol.
Patent TW-350126-B (TW)
Title: Manufacture of semiconductor device
Inventor: NOMURA AKIRO
IPC: H01L23/522
Filed: 1996-08-30
Granted: 1999-01-11
Abstract: A sort of manufacture of semiconductor device, including the following steps: forming of multicrystal silicon electrode element on the semiconductor substrate; settlement of an intermediate level membrane on the semiconductor substrate for coating the element; forming at least in the multicrystal silicon electrode area a cotact hole onto the intermediate insulation film; in the atmosphere containing oxygen, having anneal and soft melting aligned to the insulation film; surface of the clean substrate; and forming on the intermediate level insulation film a metal contact wire, which is in contact with the multicrystal silicon electrode through the contact hole.