Patent GB-1147422-A (GB)
Title: Power supply arrangements and control circuit therefor with switching in zero value region of applied waveform
IPC: H02M7/155
Filed: 1966-05-18
Abstract: 1,147,422. Semi-conductor switching circuits. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 18 May, 1966 [18 May, 1965], No. 22165/66. Heading H3T. [Also in Divisions G3 and H2] A semi-conductor controlled rectifier is triggered at the zero value regions of an applied waveform (e.g. A.C. or full-wave rectified A.C.) by a control circuit which allows the application of a trigger signal only during these regions and makes such application dependent on the state of a controlled variable or on a preset signal indicative of a desired power supply. In the described embodiments a resistive heating element 12 is controlled by a seriesconnected triac 11 to maintain a pre-set power consumption or desired temperature, the triac being fired so that current flows as complete half cycles of the A.C. supply. In Fig. 8 the triac 11 is switched on when a transistor 51 becomes conductive to pass current from a rectified D.C. supply including capacitor 18, but conductivity of transistor 51 is prevented during alternate half-cycles of the A.C. supply by conduction of a respective transistor 54 or 58. Thus transistor 51 may be made conductive only in the region of zero periods of the A.C. supply, but this is dependent upon the condition of a transistor 61 controlled by an adjustable resistor/thermistor circuit 19, 21, the transistor 61 controlling transistor 58 to shunt turn-on current away from, or allow it to pass to, the base of transistor 51 according to whether the element temperature -is above or below the desired value. Temperature overshoot is reduced by an anticipation circuit comprising capacitor 111 and resistor 112. An over-riding power control is provided by a transistor 105 whose conductivity is controlled by the resultant of a reference voltage from an adjustable resistor 108 and a saw-tooth waveform generated by a unijunction transistor relaxation oscillator 91, the conductivity being variable to provide power control over a temperature range from high boil to low boil conditions, or to remove the over-ride control completely. By suitable choice of the values of resistors 37, 106, 107 the over-ride control may be progressively reduced as an upper temperature limit is approached after which the override control is removed to enable the thermistor control to prevent overheating, Figs. 9 and 10 (not shown). A reverse process is envisaged but not described. The thermistor/resistor circuit 19, 21 may be replaced by the unijunction transistor relaxation oscillator shown in Fig. 5 which controls the transistor 61 in a similar manner to the control of transistor 105 by the oscillator 91, the " on " periods of transistor 61 (and hence the power supply to the heater 12) being determined by the setting of an adjustable resistor 81. Transistors 54, 58 may be replaced by a diode bridge controlling a single transistor, Fig. 1 (not shown). A cooker arrangement is described, Fig. 6 (not shown), in which the A.C. supply feeds a number of parallelconnected heating elements each having a triac controlled by a gating circuit, all these circuits being fed from a single unijunction transistor oscillator. The arrangement also includes a single element controlled according to the temperature of an oven which it heats. In another arrangement, Fig. 7 (not shown), temperature or power control may be chosen by a selector switch. The triac may be replaced by equivalent semi-conductor switches or switch arrangements, or by a single silicon controlled rectifier if the power supply is fullwave rectified A.C. Application of the invention to the control of an inductive heating load is envisaged.