baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent SE-466663-B (SE)
Inventor: DAHLBERG L
IPC: E04C3/04
Filed: 1988-12-09
Abstract: A console for supporting brickwork comprises an obliquely mounted, tensile-load-carrying device and a horizontal compressive-load-carrying device extending inwards towards an abutment 1. The tension device comprises two elements 8, 8' which extend between a fixed plate 7 and the outer end of the compression device 10. The two tension elements 8, 8' are welded onto a support plate 9. The compression device has the form of a U-section whose ribs form an extension of the support plate. Both the fixed plate 7 and the support plate 9 are prefabricated in a standard design of acid-resistant steel, which is common to consoles of varying dimensions and wherein only the lengths of the tension device 8, 8' and the U-section 10 serving as a compression device are variable, whereby the said tension element and the said U-section are also prefabricated of acid-resistant steel.
Patent SE-466602-B (SE)
Inventor: LINDEROTH G
IPC: B65H54/28
Filed: 1990-06-15
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FI91/00188 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 23, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 23, 1992 PCT Filed Jun. 13, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/19664 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 26, 1991.Apparatus in a coil winding machine for winding a cable on a reel provided with flanges, comprises a support stand for the reel and a guide for supplying the cable to the reel, a distribution machinery for displacing the support stand and the guide in relation to each other, detectors for detecting the reel flanges and for reversing the distribution machinery, when a cable mm contacts a reel flange, and a measuring device for detecting the thickness of the cable and controlling the distribution machinery in accordance with the thickness measurement of the measuring device. In order to easily take into account the thickness variations of the cable, the detectors are arranged to be mechanically displaced each by a measuring device in accordance with the thickness measurement of the measuring device.
Patent AT-411256-B (AT)
Inventor: ILLYES PETER DIPL ING
IPC: C10G9/00
Filed: 2001-12-06
Granted: 2003-11-25
Abstract: A steam cracker system, for processing of saturated hydrocarbons, comprises a heat exchanger/reactor ,in which the cracking product is used as heat transfer medium for the transformation reaction of 4-8C (preferably 4-5C) unsaturated hydrocarbons. An apparatus for the cleavage of saturated hydrocarbons comprises a thermal cleavage reactor (especially a cracking oven (2)), feed ports for hydrocarbons and steam, a reaction mixture take-off line leading to a cooler (especially a quench-cooler (5)) and a separator for the mixture. The system also has a feed (12, 30) for mainly unsaturated 4-8C (preferably 4-5C) hydrocarbons leading into a heat exchanger (28) in the low temperature part (preferably 500-750[deg]C) of the oven (2) and/or into a heat exchanger (7, 21), a line (6) leading to this heat exchanger from (5) for the reaction mixture from saturated hydrocarbons to be used as heat transfer medium, another line (6, 6a) for the reaction mixture (optionally from the cooler (5)) to another cooler (preferably a quench cooler (8)) and optionally a line (29) leading to another reactor (20) with catalyst, for the heated, unsaturated hydrocarbons. -
Patent CN-1010864-B (CN)
Title: 安装电加热器到井中的方法和装置
Inventor: FRANCISCUS CORNELIS
IPC: E21B36/04
Filed: 1985-12-09
Abstract: 一个井用加热器使用电源和加热电缆的卷筒装置安装在井中，电缆以正确的顺序绕卷在至少一个卷筒装置上，把它们松卷，并把它们固定在一个具有热和张力稳定性的支撑装置上，从而通过加到支撑装置上的重量拉入到井中。
Patent CN-86101413-B (CN)
IPC: D04G5/00
Filed: 1986-03-06
Abstract: 本发明涉及一种渔网的联接和拆开方法，其中渔网不必结扎到支持纲上（无结头）故效率高，并不会产生渔网脱落；作业时，在上述渔网上形成许多个成对的下垂耳朵，顺次地使这些耳朵作无结头联接；这种联接方法的优点是安全、容易实施，大大节省人力。
Patent CN-1017241-B (CN)
Title: 制取尿嘧啶类化合物的方法
Inventor: TIANRUI CHEN
IPC: C07D239/42
Filed: 1987-05-08
Abstract: 制取尿嘧啶类化合物的方法，即： 
     本发明系在低压下，以骨架镍作催化剂，用氢气还原，将(I)式化合物催化还原，然后用甲酸甲酰化，反应在温热的水中进行。本发明提供的方法，价廉、工序少，产率高且质量好。
Patent CN-87103867-B (CN)
Title: 高效活扳子
IPC: B25B13/24
Filed: 1987-05-28
Abstract: 一种活扳手，其活动爪与扳体相联滑动副垂直滑动方向的截面为含有两个楔角的多边形，滑动副的摩擦工作面为形成两个楔角的平面，两楔角的顶点分布在靠近和远离扳手开口部位的位置，楔角需小于２ａｒｃｓｉｎ２Ｌｆ／ｈ，并设有复位机构。这种扳手结构简单、操作方便、不易滚方。
Patent CN-1014383-B (CN)
Inventor: TSURUMARU SHINOBU
IPC: H01Q21/06
Filed: 1988-07-30
Abstract: 一种悬浮线馈电型平面陈列天线，有一个夹在一对金属或金属化塑料板之间的基片，与通过金属或金属化塑料板之一形成的孔相对应，在基片上设有谐振型印制补片辐射器。因此，天线的厚度、重量和成本都能减小，而且天线的传输损耗可以减小，其带宽可以加宽。
Patent FI-106860-B (FI)
Inventor: FRANK SCOTT ALAN
IPC: C07D211/22
Filed: 2000-02-17
Granted: 2001-04-30
Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing certain 3,4,4-trisubstituted-piperidinyl-N-alkyl-carboxylates, intermediates, and congeners. Finally, the invention provides new 3,4,4-trisubstituted-piperidinyl-N-alkylcarboxylates with formulations and methods for using the compounds.
Patent FI-118678-B (FI)
Title: Closure for mounting on e.g. liquid drug container, has flange attached to and extending outward from top edge of top wall, and hinge area connecting top edge of body to flange and top wall
Inventor: NUOTIO VESA
IPC: B01L3/00
Filed: 2006-10-23
Granted: 2008-02-15
Abstract: The closure (1) has a top wall (3) attached by edges to top edges of a main body (2), and a radial incision (4) dividing the top wall into two parts. A continuous annular flange (6) is attached to and extends outward from a top edge of the top wall. A hinge area (7) connects the top edge of the main body to the flange and the top wall. The main body has a shape of a cylinder or a prism with 3-10 faces. The body includes an outer diameter of 17-25 millimeter, and an inner diameter of 16-17 millimeter, where a diameter of a bottom part is 1-2 mm longer than a top part. An independent claim is also included for a process for opening a closure.
Patent FI-118115-B (FI)
Title: Producing lactose-free sour milk product e.g. yogurt involves performing pre-hydrolysis on milk raw material, inactivating lactase enzyme by heating, and hydrolyzing the residual lactose simultaneously with souring of the product
Inventor: SILFVERBERG PETRI
IPC: A23C13/16
Filed: 2006-06-30
Granted: 2007-07-13
Abstract: Producing a low-lactose or lactose-free sour milk product involves a) performing lactase pre-hydrolysis on milk raw material, b) inactivating the lactase enzyme and side activities by heating the pre-hydrolyzed milk raw material prior to souring the product, and c) hydrolyzing the residual lactose simultaneously with the souring of the product.
Patent FI-127517-B (FI)
Inventor: WEST FILIP
IPC: E01H1/10
Filed: 2015-07-10
Granted: 2018-08-15
Abstract: Hydrauliska lösningar hos ett av en till en traktor eller annan basmaskin kopplat arbetsredskap (1), där arbetsredskapet uppvisar ett flertal hydraul drivna arbetsenheter (2, 2’. 5) och hydraulmotorer ( 3, 3’. 6, 6’) och där hydraulmotorema är sålunda monterade och inkopplade att tryckfallet över den mest belastade arbetsenhetens hydraulmotor även i statiskt tillstånd kan stiga markant över det maximala systemtrycket hos den traktor eller basmaskin vilken driver arbetsredskapet och där de hydraul drivna arbetsenhetemas rotorer (2, 2’, 5) kan reverseras för att frigöra en eventuell blockering.
Patent FI-128727-B (FI)
Title: Coupling ring and connecting means for connecting two sewage pipes of thermoplastic material as well as a sewage pipe coupling
Inventor: SAARINEN TIMO
IPC: F16L47/12
Filed: 2018-06-08
Granted: 2020-11-13
Abstract: Coupling ring for connecting a first sewage pipe (6) of thermoplastic material to a second sewage pipe (5) of thermoplastic material, the second pipe (5) having on its end a fitting being formed such that it has on its end a sleeve portion (5.1) having an inner and outer diameter larger than the basic diameter of the second pipe, the first pipe (6) being configured to protrude into the second pipe (5), the coupling ring (1) having a central sleeve portion (1.3) having on its first end in axial direction a first inwardly protruding ring portion (1.1) with a circumferential recess on its bottom side, , the first inwardly protruding ring portion (1.1) having an inner flank having an inner radius suitable for abutting with the outer circumference of the first pipe (6), the central sleeve portion (1.3) having on its second end in axial direction a second inwardly protruding ring portion (1.2) suitable for engaging with one end of the sleeve portion (5.1) of the second pipe (5), while a space is present between the central sleeve portion (1.3) of the coupling ring (1), the first inwardly protruding ring portion (1.1) and the second inwardly protruding ring portion (1.2) for receiving the sleeve portion (5.1) of the second pipe (5) and a welding ring (2) for connecting the pipes (5, 6), the length of the central sleeve portion (1.3) being dimensioned such that a click connection of the coupling ring (1) onto the second pipe (5) can be achieved, wherein the coupling ring (1) is equipped with one or more opening (4.1, 4.2) for leading through wires (3) of the welding ring (2). The invention also relates to a welding ring, connecting means for connecting two sewage pipes of thermoplastic material and a sewage pipe coupling.
Patent HK-1045368-B (HK)
Title: Array for optical evaluation of an object array
Inventor: SCHMIDT STEFAN
IPC: G01N21/59
Filed: 2002-07-23
Abstract: The invention relates to an array for optical evaluation of an object array, to which a microlens array (MLA), preferably an exchangeable and/or rotational microlens array, and a field lens with an illuminating device coupled by means of a beam splitter, preferably a rotational beam splitter, are pre-assigned in the direction of a detector array, wherein said illuminating device is coupled between the field lens and an objective.
Patent HK-1047568-B (HK)
Title: Optical glare limiter
Inventor: UWE PETER BRAUN
IPC: B60J3/00
Filed: 2002-11-29
Abstract: An optical glare limiter uses an electrical power source, typically of a motor vehicle. It includes a light sensor component and a light source. The light from the glare limiter light source falling on a reflecting surface depends on the intensity of the light falling on the light sensor component from an external blinding source and can be regulated electronically so that the light in the driver's field of vision has a contrast that is almost homogeneous and widespread with the effect of reducing the blinding effect.
Patent HU-182581-B (HU)
Inventor: MORROW DUANE F
IPC: A61P9/12
Filed: 1978-10-10
Abstract: A találmány tárgya eljárás új alkil-tio-fenoxi-propanol-amin-származékok és ezen vegyületeket tartalmazó gyógyászati készítmények előállítására. Az I ál- 5 talános képletű vegyületek, ahol A, B és R egymástól függetlenül hidrogénatom, vagy 1—4 szénatomos alkilcsoport; Rj 1—5 szénatomos alkilcsoport és R2 6—12 szénatomos alkilcsoport, vagy a gyűrűben 5—8 szénatommal rendelkező és az alkilénláncban 2—6 10 szénatomot tartalmazó cikloalkil-alkil-csoport, előállítására úgy járnak el, hogy egy alkil-tiofenolt egy epihalogén-hidrinnel reagáltatnak, majd a terméket aminnal kondenzálják, majd adott esetben a szabad bázisként kapott I általános képletű vegyületet sav- 15 addíciós sójává alakítják át. A találmány szerinti eljárással előállított vegyületek vazodilatációs és spazmolitikus aktivitással rendelkeznek, gátolják a vérlemezkék aggregációját, ugyanakkor gyakorlatilag nincs β-adrenergblokkoló hatásuk. Különösen előnyös 20 terápiás hatással rendelkezik az l-[4-(l-metil-etil-tio)fenoxi ]-3-(oktil-amino )-2-propanol. OH A \λ /r— OCH^CH-C—NH —  R,-S -1-
Patent HU-181868-B (HU)
Title: Process for preparing new imidazole derivatives
Inventor: CHERKOFSKY SAUL C
IPC: C07D233/84
Filed: 1978-02-09
Abstract: Anti-inflammatory 1-substituted-4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted-thio) imidazoles and their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones useful for treating arthritis and related diseases.
Patent IT-1248225-B (IT)
Title: Macchina dentatrice con supporto del creatore senza albero porta-creatore
Inventor: LUNAZZI ALESSANDRO
IPC: B23F23/12
Filed: 1991-05-31
Granted: 1995-01-05
Abstract: La macchina dentatrice è del tipo costituita da una coppia di teste (2, 3) coassiali di supporto bilaterale e di movimentazione di un creatore (4) assialmente cavo, una (2) delle quali é mobile da e verso l'altra ed una è provvista di primi mezzi di fasatura (16) cooperanti con corrispondenti secondi mezzi di fasatura (6) associati al creatore (4), e prevede che il creatore (4) sia provvisto direttamente dei rispettivi mezzi di fasatura (6), prevede che a ciascuna delle teste (2, 3) sia associabile un rispettivo perno di centraggio (7, 8) assialmente cavo, dotato di un collarino di riscontro (17, 18) ed alloggiabile complementarmente nel foro assiale (5) del creatore (4) fino a battuta contro di esso tramite i rispettivi collarini (17, 18), e prevede che una delle teste (2 e 3) sia provvista di un tirante (9) ad essa coassiale e che l'altra (3 o 2) sia provvista di mezzi (11) di trattenimento e di trazione del tirante (9) introdotto all'interno del creatore (4). (Fig. 1).
Patent IT-1253888-B (IT)
Title: Ammortizzatore a risposta registrabile con comando manuale per biciclette e ciclomotori
Inventor: CALZOLARI ISELLA
IPC: F16F9/44
Filed: 1991-11-15
Granted: 1995-08-31
Abstract: Il conducente, mediante la leva (1) del dispositivo di registro staffato a telaio che trasmette su cavo di acciaio (2), fa ruotare una bussola (3) in una seconda bussola (4) del canotto (5). Alla prima bussola (3) è ancorato il primo capo di una molla a fascia (6) il cui altro capo è collegato alla bussola (4) rigida. Mediante il detto movimento si determina l'avvitamento o lo svitamento di un'asta (7) entro una bussola (9) che attua il caricamento o lo scaricamento di una molla (10) impostata tra un battente (11) ed un pistoncino (12) forato alla cui estremità (13) è interposto un anello di plastica (14) fungente da otturatore Variabile. Il caricamento o lo scaricamento della molla (10) agevola il contrasto per il passaggio forzato o meno del flusso dell'olio da una camera (15) all'altra (16). Mediante la leva dentata (1) del blocco di regolazione (26) con staffa (27) di supporto a telaio del velocipede, secondo una prefissata scala di registro, si opera la regolazione dell'effetto ammortizzante mediante la bussola (3) tramite la valvola (28) per l'immissione o meno dell'aria operante la compressione dell'olio.
Patent IT-1259287-B (IT)
Title: Ceramic sealing plates for taps
Inventor: SANTORO DANTE
IPC: F16K/
Filed: 1992-02-25
Granted: 1996-03-11
Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a new pair of ceramic plates, suitable for sealing fluids in taps, particularly for water, that are normally inserted between the parts that form the operating screw of the taps. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1246994-B (IT)
Inventor: MONCIATTI GABRIELE
IPC: A61J1/00
Filed: 1991-01-10
Granted: 1994-12-12
Abstract: In a test tube (P10) for taking blood samples by vacuum suction through a double-needle device having an external needle for insertion into the vein while the other needle is internal, coaxial with and opposed to the first and fitted with a protective sheath forming a slidable elastic cap, and able to perforate a diaphragm of the stopper (T10), said stopper has an external extension (T22), with axial cavity (T24), which projects from inside the test tube (P10) to end in the perforable diaphragm (T26) at the extremity of the extension (T22); said extension (T22) can be inserted into the recess of the internal needle of said sampling device, without the need for bayonet-type connection and disconnection. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1246786-B (IT)
Title: Processo per l'assorbimento di gas residui, in particolare azoto, mediante una lega getter a base di bario non evaporato.
Inventor: BOFFITO CLAUDIO
IPC: B01D53/00
Filed: 1991-04-16
Granted: 1994-11-26
Abstract: Il procedimento secondo l'invenzione realizza l'assorbimento di gas indesiderati in un recipiente mediante un getter a base di bario che non viene fatto evaporare. Esso comprende le fasi di ridurre una lega di Ba1-x Ax Li4-y By ad una granulometria inferiore a 5 mm sotto vuoto o in atmosfera di gas inerte e quindi porre la lega in tale forma particellare all'interno del recipiente. Dopo avere esposto tale lega ai gas residui nel recipiente ad una temperatura inferiore a 150°C, il gas viene assorbito. Il metallo A è scelto nel gruppo costituito da elementi del Gruppo IIa della tavola periodica degli elementi, ad esclusione del bario. Il metallo B è scelto nel gruppo costituito dagli elementi del Gruppo IIIa della tavola periodica dagli elementi. Preferibilmente 0 ? x ? 0,5 e 0 ? y ? 3,5.
Patent IT-1256436-B (IT)
Title: Tavolo operatorio con superficie per supportare il paziente sostenuta in modo amovibile
IPC: A61G13/08
Filed: 1992-11-19
Granted: 1995-12-05
Abstract: In un tavolo operatorio con una colonna portante (12) e con una superficie (14) per sostenere il paziente sostenuta in modo estraibile su questa e che comprende una parte o tratto di base (16) collegabile amovibilmente con la colonna portante (12) ed almeno un altro tratto o parte (18) della superficie di sostegno supportato in modo orientabile su questo, e con un dispositivo di azionamento o comando per regolare o spostare l'altro tratto (18) della superficie di supporto del paziente rispetto al tratto di base (16), il dispositivo di comando è un'unità di trasmissione (34, 44, 46) comandata da elettromotore disposta sulla superficie di supporto (14) del paziente.
Patent IT-1263852-B (IT)
Title: Struttura di contenitore di sicurezza per scorie particolarmente in dispositivi di distruzione di strumenti medici quali aghi ipodermici, bisturi e simili
IPC: A61B19/02
Filed: 1993-03-30
Granted: 1996-09-04
Abstract: Il presente trovato si riferisce ad una struttura di contenitore di sicurezza per scorie particolarmente in dispositivi di distruzione di strumenti medici quali aghi ipodermici, bisturi e simili che presenta la peculiarità di comprendere un corpo cilindrico esterno ed un corpo cilindrico interno reciprocamente accoppiabili per definire un corpo contenitore.Il citato corpo cilindrico esterno presenta una finestratura esterna ed il corpo cilindrico interno presenta una finestratura interna che, per rotazione dei corpi cilindrici, sono disponibili, in collimazione, con detto contenitore in posizione di utilizzazione e, contrapposte, con detto contenitore in posizione di chiusura.Risultano poi previsti mezzi di bloccaggio amovibile che agiscono tra i corpi cilindrici in posizione di utilizzazione e mezzi di bloccaggio stabile che agiscono tra i corpi cilindrici in posizione di chiusura.
Patent IT-1271514-B (IT)
Title: Prefabricated element particularly for walls, fencing or paving, method for its product and its use
Inventor: FANTOZZI GIUSEPPE
IPC: E04C/
Filed: 1993-10-07
Granted: 1997-05-30
Abstract: A self-bearing element 10 is described for making partition and containing walls, fencing or paving, in a substantially parallelepiped form with the side which defines the thickness which is evidently smaller than the other two, with said other two sides defining a first and a second face 46, 48, said element 10 comprising a layer 14 of concrete in which a plurality of reinforcement rods 26 are immersed, in which on one or both faces of said element a plurality of stone slabs preferably between 1 and 3 cm thick are positioned, partially immersed in the layer 14. Methods are also described for realising and using said prefabricated self-bearing elements 10. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1257703-B (IT)
Title: Process for completing radiating or similar components made of pressure die-cast aluminium, by means of pressure die-cast Al stopper or cap, butt flash-welded by a suitable machine
IPC: B23K/
Filed: 1991-01-29
Granted: 1996-02-01
Abstract: Pressure die-cast radiator components have on the underside the hole for the removal of the core, and this hole must be stopped up. The invention is to stop it up with a butt-welded cap flash-welded into position, rather than a bead using the usual methods. The cap "C" is loaded loose into the water feeder "A" and then presented to the lower welding clamp "Mc", where it is clamped by the upper clamp jaw. At the same time the component "E" is positioned and clamped by the two clamp jaws "Me". The clamp "Mc" is integral with a travelling carriage "S" which can be adjusted both for height "Dh" and around the angle "a": the moving carriage advances with velocity "V"; once the flash has started, "V" increases until fusion occurs with upset welding. The complete workpiece "E+C" continues on to finishing two punches "F" clean up the crude cast hubs, and a hollow punch "H" cleans up the weld. While at rest, a knife "K" cleans the clamps. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1253522-B (IT)
Title: Dual-insert layering machine for non-woven fabric wadding and derivatives
IPC: D04H/
Filed: 1991-11-06
Granted: 1995-08-08
Abstract: This relates to a layering machine for wadding having very simple paths so as to prevent the formation of turbulence in the material at the time when motion is reversed. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1254338-B (IT)
Title: Improved combs, elevator slides and parting devices for tomato harvesting machines
IPC: A01D/
Filed: 1992-04-28
Granted: 1995-09-14
Abstract: The modification made to the reaping bar of the tomato harvesting machine comprises rounding the lower end of the elevator sides, curving the ends of the two lateral teeth upwards so that they are positioned almost adjacent to the sides, tapering these teeth on the inner side of the tip so that the end part of the dividing points can be placed alongside them. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1263020-B (IT)
Title: Massa plastica a base di polveri ceramiche superconduttrici da utilizzare secondo la tecnica dello stampaggio a iniezione.
Inventor: RISSO LUCA
IPC: B29C/
Filed: 1992-11-02
Granted: 1996-07-23
Abstract: L'invenzione riguarda una massa plastica a base di polveri ceramiche superconduttrici da utilizzare secondo la tecnica dello stampaggio a iniezione.La massa plastica è costituita da polveri ceramiche superconduttrici e da una miscela legante di natura organica comprendente:- 20 - 40% peso di poliolefine con indice di cristallinità compreso fra 10 e 30%, preferito è il polipropilene atattico;- 15 - 30% peso di cere di tipo paraffinico, microcristallino e relative miscele, aventi intervallo di fusione 50 - 90°C;- 5 - 10% peso di cere sintetiche aventi intervallo di fusione ? 100°C, preferibilmente cere poliolefiniche;-15 - 30% peso di plastificanti, compatibili allo stato fuso con le cere e le poliolefine, preferito è il copolimero etilene/vinilacetato; - 5 - 25% peso di disperdenti, anch'essi compatibili, allo stato fuso, con gli altri componenti della miscela;tenendo presente che la cristallinità totale della miscela deve mantenersi contenuta nell'intervallo del 15 - 35%.
Patent IT-1256785-B (IT)
Title: Complesso di tenuta con un dispositivo sensore a bordo, per un cuscinetto di rotolamento.
Inventor: GENERO MATTEO
IPC: F16C19/00
Filed: 1992-01-28
Granted: 1995-12-15
Abstract: Viene descritto un complesso di tenuta (1) con un dispositivo sensore (2) a bordo, per un cuscinetto di rotolamento (3), il cuscinetto (3) comprendendo un primo anello (4) girevole rispetto ad un secondo anello (5) ed una pluralità di corpi volventi (6) interposti tra il primo anello (4) ed il secondo anello (5), in un vano (8) definito tra i due anelli (4 e 5); il complesso di tenuta (1) comprende inoltre almeno un elemento di schermo (11) disposto di fronte a detto vano (8), a chiusura del medesimo, e disposto esternamente al detto cuscinetto (3), ed almeno un dispositivo sensore (2) portato dall'elemento di schermo (11) in una sede (12) ricavata all'interno del medesimo.(Figure 1 e 2).