baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-100779-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Automatic Block Signal Systems for Railways.
IPC: B60T7/18
Filed: 1916-03-23
Abstract: 100,779. National, Safety Appliance Co., (Assignees of Levin, W. S.). June 30, 1915, [Convention date]. Electrical systems, automatic.-In a system for controlling a track magnet for use with an engine equipment for automatically applying air brakes such as is described in Specification 100,353, a time-limit switch is provided in order to limit the period of energization of the track magnet, and locking-magnets are provided which become energized when the line relay and the relay which controls the time-limit relay become deenergized, and then hold the dropped armatures in their lower positions. Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of relays for one section of track; Fig. 2 shows a section through the time-limit switch. The rails of the section are insulated by joints A, B, H, I, and a short length of one rail near the track magnet 23 'is insulated by joints F, G ; this section is normally bridged by the leads 1, 2 and the -armature 3 of the protective relay 4. The track relay J, supplied with energy from the battery D, controls .the line relay 9 of the next section. A train in the next section de-energizes the relay K, which, in turn, causes the armature 9 to drop its armatures 14, 15, which close the circuit to the locking-magnet 21 and shunt the resistance 67. This resistance is normally in series with the battery 19, the track magnet 23, contact 56, and relay 4, but the current passing is small. The presence of a train on the short section of rail F, G de-energizes the relay 29. This relay has an L- shaped pole and two armatures 29<c>, 29<f>. The latter carries contacts 30, 31, and the former carries contacts 32, 33 and is held in its dropped position by the magnet 41, which becomes energized when the contact 31 is closed. The contacts 32, 33 complete the circuit to the two-coil magnet 44, which circuit includes also the contacts 47. The cores 49, which are connected by a cross-bar 50<a> and carry a framework 50<c>, 50<b> and a projecting bar 54 and an adjustable screw 50<g>, are thereby raised. The adjustable screw is first removed from the weighted lever 55, which closes the contacts 61 in shunt to the relay 4, and, later, the projection 54 raises the armature of magnet 57 and opens contacts 47, 56, thereby de-energizing the magnet 44 and relay 4. The closing of contacts 61 cuts out relay 4, which drops the armature and opens the bridging-wire 1, 2, and the magnet 23 is then fully energized from the battery 19 by way of lead 18, armature 15, lead 62, contact 55, and lead 60. The magnet 44 being de-energized, the cores 49 fall, but are retarded by the dashpots 51, 52. After a predetermined interval the contact 55 is reopened. The magnet 57, however, holds the contacts 47, 56 open until the relay 29 becomes re-energized. The protective relay 4, when de-energized, opens the circuit of the track relay J. Thus, if any wire breaks or battery fails, the relay 4 causes the apparatus in the next section to operate as if the section shown is occupied by a train, and a train would be stopped.
Patent GB-287294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with rope, chain, belt and like conveyors
IPC: B65G15/10
Filed: 1927-02-16
Abstract: 287,294. Archer, C. F. Feb. 16, 1927. Parallel ropes and chains with or without widely - spaced cross connections; driving - gear ; discharging and feeding devices for endless belt and chain conveyers. - Articles such as boxes, trays, &c. are transferred from one endless conveyer to another at an angle thereto by a series of endless chains or ropes 26 which bear against a series of grooved edge rollers 10 positioned in curved lines. Each roller is mounted in an aperture 9, Fig. 4, in a curved platform 6. At each end of the platform the ropes pass round sheaves 14, 15 of equal diameters, and below the sheaves 14 the ropes are passed round a series of sheaves 17, Fig. 2, of different diameters mounted on a common driving shaft 16. The lower runs of the ropes are passed round sheaves 21 and jockey pulleys 22. Since the sheaves 17 increase in size towards the outer edge of the platform, the outer ropes will travel faster than the inner ropes, and in consequence an article will be carried around the curved track without spinning or twisting. Slats or projections may be attached to the ropes, &c. to form the carrying surface.
Patent GB-1303832-A (GB)
IPC: C01B17/02
Filed: 1970-02-02
Abstract: 1303832 Sulphur road-marking compositions SOC NATIONALE DES PETROLES D'AQUITAINE 29 Jan 1970 [31 Jan 1969] 4384/70 Heading C5W [Also in Division C1] A road-marking composition comprises sulphur plasticized with a cyclic polysulphide of formula where r is 2 or 3; z is 0 or 1; m and n are each 1 to 8; R and R<SP>1</SP> which may be the same or different, are each hydrogen, a monovalent hydrocarbon radical, an aliphatic radical, a cycloalkyl radical or an aromatic radical; and X is -NH-; -O-; -S-, >C(R<SP>11</SP>)H- (where R<SP>11</SP> is H, CH 3  or OH) -O-(CH 2 ) p -O-, or -S-(CH 2 ) p -S-, p being 1 to 6. The composition suitably contains 30-99% sulphur, and may also contain dyes, colouring agents or balls of plastics, rubber of glass. Reaction between the sulphur and the polysulphide may be catalysed by an amine (Division C1). In examples, the polysulphides are 4-hydroxy-1,2- dithiolane; 1,2,4 - trithiolane; 1 - oxa - 4,5- dithiacycloheptane; 1,5,6-trithia - cyclononane; 1,3 - dioxa - 6,7 - dithiacyclononane; 1,3 - dioxa - 7,8 - dithiacycloundecane; 1,3- dioxa-8,9-dithiacyclotridecane and 1,2-dithiacyclooctane.
Patent GB-615515-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the hardening of high-speed steel
IPC: C21D1/46
Filed: 1944-03-09
Abstract: In the hardening of high-speed steels in a molten salt bath containing less than 5 per cent, and preferably less than 1 per cent of metal contamination and heated to above 2000 DEG F., the steel is heated in the bath to the desired extent, the treatment being repeated on different batches of steel in the same bath and the latter analyzed for metal and/or oxide contamination, the bath then being scavenged so that the metal and/or oxide contamination is less than 5 per cent.  The salt bath is heated by means of electrodes, and the analysis for metal contamination includes any from the electrodes.  The metal impurities are plated out of the bath, whilst using the fused salts as an electrolyte, by means of an anode and cathode removably mounted on the rim portion of the pot containing the bath.  The salt bath consists of barium chloride, barium fluoride and calcium fluoride, e.g. in the proportion of 75, 10 and 15; 85, 5 and 10 and 95, 2 and 3 respectively, and one high-speed steel referred to contains in addition to iron, 4 per cent chromium, 2 per cent tungsten, 1 per cent vanadium, 8 per cent molybdenum and 0.7 per cent carbon.  The molybdenum may be omitted and the tungsten increased to 18 per cent.
Patent GB-238481-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of mixed fertilisers
IPC: C05B7/00
Filed: 1924-02-20
Abstract: 238,481. Pease, E. L. Feb. 20, 1924. Manures.-Peat or sewage sludge, or a mixture of the two, in dry, powdered or disintegrated form is impregnated with phosphate of ammonia to which a compound of potassium or sodium or other fertilizing ingredients may be added. Any free phosphoric acid mixed. with the phosphate may be neutralized and the phosphate converted wholly into the form of triphosphate by treating the mixture, or by treating the peat or sewage sludge before admixture, with ammonia. The ammonium phosphate may be used in the form of solution or in the crystalline form and may be prepared by passing ammonia or crude coal gas or shale gas into a solution of phosphoric acid. When phosphate solution is used the mixing vessel is kept at such a temperature that crystallization is prevented' until the ingredients are thoroughly mixed. The phosphoric acid used may contain sulphuric, nitric or hydrochloric acid and in this case the corresponding ammonium salt will be present in the product. Specification 192,778 is referred to.
Patent GB-1249196-A (GB)
Title: Cellular plastic materials from epoxy resins and process for their manufacture
IPC: C08G59/62
Filed: 1969-01-27
Abstract: 1,249,196. Hardened cellular epoxy compounds. FARBWERKE HOECHST A.G. 27 Jan., 1969 [25 Jan., 1968], No. 4457/69. Headings C3B and C3C. Cellular materials are made by hardening an epoxy compound, that contains more than one epoxy group per mol., by reaction with monofluophosphoric acid (FPO(OH) 2 ) in the presence of an inert volatile organic liquid as expanding agent. In the examples a diglycidyl ether of 4,4<SP>1</SP>-dioxy-diphenyl-2,2-propane was mixed with a silicone oil and trichlorofluoromethane, and then with a hardener solution comprising monofluophosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid and #-caprolactone or vinyl phosphoric acid, and optionally with a phenol/formaldehyde condensate or an epoxy resin, and the mixture was poured into a mould and allowed to foam.
Patent GB-615715-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to amines and process of forming same
Filed: 1945-02-22
Abstract: Amines are prepared by introducing an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone progressively into a body of an aminating agent comprising ammonia or a primary or secondary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine in a reaction vessel while the reaction mixture is maintained in liquid phase under hydrogen pressure at a temperature between 50 DEG  and 250 DEG  C. in the presence of a hydrogenating catalyst. Amino-alcohols may be prepared similarly from aldols and ammonia or an aliphatic primary or secondary amine.  In a modification, polyamines are prepared by introducing an alphabeta unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde or ketone progressively into a reaction vessel containing hydrogen under pressure, a hydrogenation catalyst and ammonia or an aliphatic primary amine, the reaction mixture being maintained in liquid phase, preferably, at a temperature between 50 DEG  and 250 DEG  C.; the unsaturated aldehyde or ketone may have aromatic or other substituents.  Generally, the aldehyde or ketone is introduced at a rate substantially equal to the rate at which it is used up.  A solvent which dissolves both the animating agent and carbonyl compound may be present.  In preparing the polyamines and amino-alcohols, a large excess of aminating agent may be employed and the carbonyl compound may be added in solution.  In examples: (1) n-butyraldehyde is slowly introduced into a heated autoclave containing ammonia in glycerine, water or water-methanol, Raney nickel catalyst and hydrogen under pressure so yielding mono- and di-butylamines, the use of water increasing the yield of the latter; similarly, (2) proprionaldehyde reacted with ammonia in methanol yields propylamine and alpha-methylamylamine and with n-propylamine yields di- and tri-propylamines; (3) crotonaldehyde reacted with ammonia in water or water-methanol yields 1 : 3-diamino butane and mono- and di-butylamines; (4) acrolein and alpha-methyl acrolein reacted with ammonia in water-methanol yield 1 : 3-diamino propane and mono- and di-propylamines and 1 : 3-diamino-2-methyl propane and mono- and di-isobutylamines, respectively; (5) crotonaldehyde reacted with ethylamine in water-methanol yields 1 : 3-bis-ethylamino butane and N-ethyl-n-butylamine; (6) mesityl oxide reacted with ammonia in methanol yields 2 : 4-diamino-4-methyl pentane, and (7) acetaldol reacted with ammonia in water-methanol yields 4-amino-butanol-2, the result being compared with that obtained by the same process wherein all the aldol is added initially.  Specification 328,381, [Class 2 (iii)], U.S.A.  Specification 1,966,478, German Specification 539,104 and French Specification 37,923, are referred to.
Patent GB-194902-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in gear changing mechanism for change speed gears of motor road vehicles
IPC: G05G7/02
Filed: 1922-02-17
Abstract: 194,902. Shaw, F. Feb. 17, 1922. Controlling variable-speed gearing.-A control lever 5 in addition to a pivotal motion to shift a fork 1 has a vertical motion for locking. The fork 1 is carried by a block 2 which slides on a fixed guide bar 3. The lower end of the lever 5 engages a recess 4 in the block 2 into which recess the upper surfaces of the bar 3 also projects. The fork is locked by the lever 5 engaging a notch 13, 14, or 15 in the bar 3. In changing gear, the lever 5 is raised, and then turned about its pivot 8, which floats in a vertical slot 9 in the cover 7 of the inspection opening in the gear case. A plate 10 is kept thrust against the bottom of the slot 9 by a spring 11.
Patent GB-1260133-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to roofing and siding sheets and the like and fastening means therefor
Inventor: COOKSON WILLIAM
IPC: E04D3/36
Filed: 1969-01-28
Abstract: 1,260,133. Roofing and siding sheet; releasable fastenings. COOKSON SHEET METAL DEVELOPMENTS Ltd. 13 Feb., 1969 [20 May, 1968; 28 Jan., 1969], Nos. 24021/68 and 4768/69. Headings E1W and E2A. A roofing or siding sheet 10 has at one edge a female rib 14 having a free outer wall 46 provided with latching means 50, and an inner wall 42 provided with a pocket 52, so arranged that when the female rib is pressed down upon an underlying male rib 12' at the relatively opposite edge of a similar sheet 10' overlapped therewith, the latching means 50 and pocket 52 interlock with, respectively, a channel 40 and latching means 32 of the male rib. Between the male and female edge ribs, each sheet may have a hollow rib 16 with at least one pocket 62. In use the rib 16 is pressed down over a fastening clip already in position, on a roof purlin, the fastening clip having a latch 108 carried by a wall 68 which moves downwardly under the action of the rib 16 to carry the latch 108 over a stationary cam 76 which deflects the latch into the pocket 62. The clip comprises also a latch 82 which rides over the top of the wall 68 when this is fully depressed to return the latch 108 and pocket 62 in engagement. A second latch 114 may engage a second pocket 60. The fastening clip includes a fixing strap 118 which terminates with locating means. When engaged with the male rib of a neighbouring sheet the locating means causes the clip to be accurately located to receive the rib 16. The rib 16 may also cooperate with a purlin clip forming the subject matter of Specification 1,260,134.
Patent GB-1380048-A (GB)
Title: Temperature control systems
IPC: G05D23/24
Filed: 1971-02-17
Abstract: 1380048 Automatic control of temperature DUNLOP Ltd 7 Feb 1972 [17 Feb 1971] 4794/71 Heading G3R [Also in Division H2] In an aircraft de-icer system with automatic temperature control, heaters H1, H2, H3 Fig. 1, are star-connected to a 3-phase supply via primaries L1, L2, L3 of an unbalanced current detection transformer TRA1 and through SCR's (not shown), connected at terminals 5, 6, 7. For temperature control one heater element H1 or a portion thereof has a different temperature coefficient of resistance than H2, H3. This causes unbalanced currents and an output from secondary winding L4 when the temperature deviates from a predetermined value, the e.m.f. induced in the secondary winding being proportional to the algebraic sum of the currents in the three phases. A null detector circuit 10 includes a differential amplifier A2 which compares the rectified and smoothed secondary e.m.f. unbalance signal with a desired temperature reference voltage level set by a potential divider R2, R3. Under balanced conditions and when the reference voltage exceeds unbalance signal, the output of amplifier A2 is such that transistors TR1, TR2 present a relatively high impedance to current through the primary of a pulse transformer TRA2 fed from an oscillator circuit 12, so that there is no output from TRA2 secondary to a trigger circuit (not shown), via terminals 14, 15 to fire load SCR's (not shown). Thus heaters H1, H2, H3 are cut off.  If the temperature is below the desired value such that the unbalance signal exceeds the reference voltage, TR1, TR2 will conduct causing the firing of the load SCR's to turn on the heaters. At regular intervals during the cut-off period and determined by the time constant of C2, R4, the capacitor C2 will discharge causing TR1, TR2 to conduct and switch on the SCR's and heaters whereby temperature will be sensed. Zero voltage switching of the load SCR's is preferred, but alternatively continuous phase control of the SCR's by the null detector circuit may be effected. FAULT PROTECTION Excessive unbalance, e.g. due to short circuit, is detected by a circuit 11 which fires an SCR1 to inhibit the oscillator 12 and cut off the load SCR's and heaters. The circuit 11 includes a differential amplifier Al which compares the unbalance signal with a reference level set up by a divider R13, R14. In an alternative arrangement Fig. 2 (not shown), the rectified and smoothed unbalance signal is fed in at terminals (37) (38) to a null detector circuit and excessive unbalance detector circuit as before and the outputs of these circuits are fed via integrated logic circuits which control the passage of the oscillator output current through the primary of the pulse transformer TRA2 whereby to control the load SCR's.
Patent GB-927630-A (GB)
Title: Clutch-brake driving device for sewing machines
IPC: D05B69/12
Filed: 1961-02-09
Abstract: 927,630. Sewing-machines. NECCHI S.p.A. Feb. 9, 1961 [March 2, 1960], No. 4822/61. Class 112. [Also in Groups XXIV, XXXV and XXXVII] A clutch-brake driving device for a sewing- machine 12 comprises an electric motor 1, an electromagnetic clutch 16 for coupling the motor to a shaft 8 and an electromagnetic brake 17 to station the shaft, the clutch and brake being connected to parallel circuits 24, 25 controlled by a double switch 29, 36 normally spring-biased to a position in which both circuits are open. As shown, the clutch and brake 16, 17 are of the magnetic powder type having part-radially directed vanes 21 coacting with surrounding drums. The clutch-brake control circuits 24, 25 are fed from the input 28 of the electric motor through a voltage step-down transformer 27 and a rectifier 26. The double switch 29, 36 comprises a treadle 39, Fig. 3, turned clockwise about a pivot 40 against the bias of a spring 33 to act through a link 30 and a pin 34 for successive closure of contacts 29, Fig. 1, the first of which connects the clutch 16 in circuit with a resistor 35, while closure of additional contacts 29 on further depression of the treadle shortsout the resistor step-by-step for cushioned clutch engagement. Turning the treadle anti-clockwise against the bias of a spring 38 instead closes a switch 36 to engage the brake 17. Normally the springs 33, 38 return the treadle 39 to a position in which the contacts 29 and the switch 36 are open, to maintain both the clutch 16 and the brake 17 disengaged. The sewing- machine 12 can then be turned by operation of a hand wheel 11. On failure in the sewing- machine or completion of a desired work cycle, a solenoid 43 is automatically energized to open a normally closed switch 41, thus disengaging the clutch, and simultaneously close a switch 42 shorting the switch 36, for engagement of the brake.
Patent GB-1048875-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to treating of textile and similar materials
IPC: D06B3/02
Filed: 1964-02-05
Abstract: 1, 048, 875. Textile treating apparatus. J. SCHMITZ. Feb. 5, 1964 [Feb. 5, 1963], No. 4838/64. Heading D1L. Textile treating apparatus comprises a vat, a conveyer for conveying material through the vat, a rotatable drum located in the vat and positioned above the conveyer, the drum including a number of external projections cooperable with the conveyer, each projection forming a compartment having a wall facing the direction of rotation in the form of a grill and means for rotating the drum. In the arrangement shown washing apparatus comprises a number of vats 10 each having a number of drums of star-shaped section mounted on shafts 2. Each projection 3 of the star constitutes a triangular compartment with a bottom partition 4, a wall 5 and a wall 6 in the form of a grating. Each drum has an end plate 7 at each end of greater diameter than the drum, one end plate being a seal whilst the other has a number of apertures corresponding in position with the projections 3 and affording communication with the compartments. The bottom walls 4 are inclined downwardly towards the apertures so that liquid in the compartments will drain towards the apertures. The latter are fitted with suitable adjustable closure means so that the quantity of liquid flowing therethrough can be regulated. The drums co-operate with a conveyer band 11 which is of such a width as to be gripped between the end plates 7 and 8 and arranged between successive pairs of drums are rollers presses 12. In operation untreated material is introduced into the first vat 10 by feed device 17 and is carried through the vat by conveyer 11 where it comes into contact with the grating 6 of a compartment 3. During passage of the material impurities are extracted by the action of the liquid and fall with the used liquid into the respective compartment 3. As the treated material passes out of the vat between appropriate rollers 12 this compartment 3 rises above the liquid level so that the used liquid together with the impurities flows from the compartment through the corresponding aperture of the end plate and out of the drum into a decanting vat 14 (Fig. 3 not shown). In other embodiments various means are shown for controlling the flow from the compartments 3 to suitable decanting means to separate the liquid from the impurities extracted. In one arrangement means are provided passing the liquid through successive decanting compartments. The deposits of impurities in the decanting compartments are removed by means of valve devices aided by level indicators.
Patent GB-1482753-A (GB)
Title: Location arrangements
IPC: G01S3/784
Filed: 1974-11-06
Abstract: 1482753 Radiation source direction finding MARCONI CO Ltd 6 Nov 1974 [2 Feb 1974] 04916/74 Heading H4D To determine the direction in azimuth of a source of radiation, and in particular the direction of a source of infra-red radiation, e.g. a sniper, at least part of the 360 degrees of azimuth is divided into a plurality of possibly abutting sections, which sections are respectively surveilled by a plurality of detectors 17- 32, the azimuthal scene being directed on to the detectors, e.g. by respective reflectors 1-16 and the outputs of the detectors sequentially fed to a CRT having a rotating time base in sychronism with the feeding of the detectors. The infra-red detectors may take the form of a complete annulus of plastics material, or alternatively individual sections, sandwiched between a lower (earthed) electrode 34 common to all the detectors, and individual upper electrodes, e.g. 36 connected to the output amplifiers 37-52. The plastics material (PVF 2 ) is electrically polarized by heating to 100‹ C. for 1 hour whilst applying an electric field of 100 kv./cm. across its thickness. The material then is cooled whilst maintaining the electric field.