Patent GB-190916367-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Flying Machines.
Inventor: DUFWA FREDERICK WILLIAM
IPC: B64C1/00
Filed: 1909-07-13
Granted: 1910-06-16
Abstract: 16,367. Dufwa, F. W. July 13. Aerial m a c h i n e s without aerostats; planes, arrangement and construction of; cars; propelling steering and balancing automatically and manually. The car is adapted to s w i n g laterally and longitudinally as described in Specification 17,877/08, so as to operate an elevator and warp the supporting-planes to preserve longitudinal and lateral balance. The elevator and supporting-planes can also be manually operated, the latter for lateral steering, and a manual vertical rudder is provided to counteract turning of the machine when the planes warp. The supporting- planes, w h i c h may be single and constructed with a hinged front wing beam 28 and fixed rear beam 29 as described in Specification 1443/10, or be superposed, extend from a central open-ended cylinder 8 in which propellers are arranged as described in Specification 1694/10. The car is suspended by a longitudinal axle b from a hanger which is in turn suspended from a transverse axle a from the upper framework. Lateral swinging of the car warps the supporting- planes by the wires 5 fastened to arms m, m<1> on the car frame and passing over the guide-pulleys on the axle a to the wing beams 28. Lateral swing of the car is limited and prevented, when desired, by a wire 1 secured to the rear wing beam and passing round a drum 49 having limited freedom of rotation and provided with locking means. Lateral steering is also effected by warping the supporting-planes by means of the wire 1. In the case of a biplane having both front and rear wing beams hinged, a rear pair of wires 5 connected to the rear beams is also provided. Vertical steering and longitudinal balancing are effected by wires 4 connected to the elevator q pivoted at 16 to the framework 9. The wires 4 pass, one by way of a rear pulley 78, over pulleys on the axle b to a drum 70 with hand - wheel 68. This steering - apparatus can be locked to keep the machine on a fixed course and to preserve longitudinal balance. To limit or prevent longitudinal swinging of the car, a wire 2 secured to fixed parts of the upper framework fore and aft passes round a drum 81 on the car. The drum is capable of limited rotation and has a locking-device. The vertical rudder r, which is operated to counteract turning of the machine when the suppcrting-planes are warped is carried by extensions 12, 20 of the cylinder framework. It is operated by a hand-wheel 50 and wire 3, which runs over pulleys on the axles a, b so as not to be affected by the swinging of the car. Parachutes.-The cylinder 8 may be converted into a parachute by opening its lower half, which is formed of hinged strips 107, Fig. 4, for this purpose, and by turning down awnings secured to semicircular hoops 111 hinged at each end of the cylinder. Semicircular parachutes may also be unrolled from the sides of the cylinder. The strips 107 are hinged to the framework of the cylinder and to ribs 108 adapted to be secured to the framing 8 by bolts 109, which can be disengaged by cords 7. Starting is effected by hoisting the machine up by a hook 106, Fig. 2, which becomes disengaged from the support when the propellers are started. Aerial machines udapted to travel also on land and water.-The car wheels are replaced by floats, or the car is replaced by a collapsible boat or raft when the machine is used in combination with ships.