baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-2588972-A (GB)
Title: A control system for a vehicle
Inventor: LEE SKRYPCHUK
IPC: G05D1/00
Filed: 2019-11-18
Abstract: A control system (100, fig 1) for controlling transition of a vehicle between a first driving mode, for example an autonomous driving mode, and a second driving mode, for example a manual driving mode, uses one or more controllers to receive (302) a first request signal indicative of an occupant-initiated preparatory request; to receive (303) a second request signal indicative of an occupant-initiated transition request; to determine (304) a first control signal for controlling output of information to an occupant of the vehicle indicative of the driving environment in dependence on receipt of the first request signal; to determine (308) a second control signal for causing transition of the vehicle from the first driving mode to the second driving mode in dependence on receipt of both the first request signal and the second request signal; and output (306, 310) the first or second control signal to a vehicle system.
Patent GB-2590934-A (GB)
Title: Doublet detection in gemstones
Inventor: PETER STANLEY ROSE
IPC: G01N21/87
Filed: 2020-01-07
Abstract: The composition of a gemstone (10, fig 1a), e.g. to identify whether a diamond is natural or a doublet 14, is determined by irradiating an upper portion (crown, fig 1c) and lower portion (pavilion, fig 1c) with pulses of ultraviolet light with a wavelength less than 225nm and comparing the luminescence emitted by each portion within a time window related to the UV pulse. A difference in the luminescence emitted by the portions may indicate the gemstone is part natural, part synthetic and may have a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coating. The luminescence may comprise phosphorescence or fluorescence. The time window may start immediately after the end of the pulse and close 80ms later. Differences in the colour of luminescence e.g. a ratio of blue to green pixels, may be indicative of a CVD coating (fig 5).
Patent GB-2594508-A (GB)
Title: Labyrinth seal for sealing a bearing of a scroll pump and a scroll pump
Inventor: PETER ANTHONY MCBRIEN
IPC: F16J15/447
Filed: 2020-04-30
Abstract: Seal for preventing lubricant from leaking a bearing 10, the seal has an inner ring 44 (referred to as “baffle plate” in the application) and an outer ring 41 (referred to as “disc” in the application), both may be metal. The inner ring 44 extends from the inner race 12 and the outer ring 41 from the outer race 14, or vice versa. The inner ring 44, when extending from the inner race 12, does not contact the outer race 14, forming a passage 45 for lubricant to flow into a space 46 between the inner 44 and the outer ring 41. The outer ring 41 may be recessed to accommodate for the inner ring 44 (Fig 4B). The inner 44 or the outer ring 41 or both may have profiles (Fig 5, 43) such as grooves, vanes, fins, threads, spirals or helical shapes for driving lubricant back into the bearing 10. There may be further rings 44, 41 in additional to the present inner 44 and outer rings 41.
Patent GB-2599091-A (GB)
Title: Optically readable markers
Inventor: JORDAN EVAN CAMPBELL
IPC: G06V20/20
Filed: 2020-09-18
Abstract: An optically readable fiducial marker 100 comprises a dash and two dots arranged collinearly in a pattern to allow detection of the marker. The dots have the same size and shape and are adjacent to each other. An entity 1,10 carries the marker, which allows the position of the entity to be determined. The marker may be stored as marker reference data. From an image, the relative sizes and spacings of the dash and dots are verified as corresponding to a marker as defined in the marker reference data. Subsequently, the location and orientation of one or more AR data regions is determined based on the identified marker and the data is extracted. The marker may form part of a composite marker comprising two or more markers in known relative positions, including two non-parallel and non-collinear markers sharing a dot or a dash. The marker may comprise optically extractable data (300, figure 10). The data may be located within the data region(s) associated with the marker, each data region having a known size and position with respect to the marker. The marker may be used in augmented reality (AR) systems, such as on an AR wand 1 or an AR data article 10.
Patent GB-2589283-A (GB)
Title: Method for rotating rest of six-core sensor system in taxi roof light
Inventor: MICHAEL JUN XU
IPC: G01N33/00
Filed: 2019-01-31
Abstract: A six-core sensor installed in a taxi roof light monitors atmospheric pollution. In an aspect, a detection module comprises six sensors of the same type. In an aspect, a detection module comprises at least four sensors of the same type, and a low-frequency calibration module comprises at least one sensor of the same type as in the detection module. The sensors are laser sensors. A gas separation box distributes gas to each sensor. Of the sensors that are working normally, one or more (102) is selected in rotation to be rested (104) on condition that at least three continue to work, and the system is degraded. Normality may be judged by drift or fluctuation of a sensor, or correlation with other sensors. A sensor may be selected based on fatigue state, temperature, accumulated working time or rest time. The sensors may sense PM1, PM2.5, PM10, PM100, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, VOCs or TVOCs.
Patent GB-2596922-A (GB)
Title: Anti-ligature device
Inventor: BENJAMIN HALL
IPC: G08B21/02
Filed: 2021-06-25
Abstract: An anti-ligature device 100 is provided for attachment to an edge of a door leaf 102. The device 100 comprises a proximity sensor 116A,116B arranged to detect a ligature, for example a rope or cable, secured around an edge of the door leaf 102, and thus around the device 100. The proximity sensor 116A,116B may be configured to detect the presence of a nearby object, such as a target 106, without requiring any physical contact between the sensor and the object. The proximity sensor 116A,116B may be an electromagnetic, infrared, capacitive or photoelectric sensor. The proximity sensor 116A,116B and target 106 may be housed within the device 100. The device 100 may be compressible, for example by a ligature secured around the device 100, to thereby move the target relative 106 to the proximity sensor 116A,116B. The device 100 comprises a first part 104 attached to the door leaf 102, and a second part (target) 106 coupled with the first part 104. The first and second parts 104,106 are coupled by means of a bulbous protrusion 108 received in channel 110. The second part 106 may float relative to the first part 104.
Patent GB-2601874-A (GB)
Title: Cavity trays and building structures using them
Inventor: GRAHAM JOHN LAWS
IPC: E04B1/94
Filed: 2021-08-06
Abstract: A cavity tray (201) is adapted for fitting in a cavity between inner and outer wall layers. It has a mineral fibre block body (202) with an inclined top face (221), vertical rear face and a bottom face. A two-piece cover structure of water impermeable material which may be aluminium foil encapsulates the body. The top face constitutes a drainage surface for allowing water to drain to the outside of the wall in use. The top cover piece extends over the top face, and has a top border region projecting beyond the top face and a front border region projecting beyond the front edge. The lower cover piece has a bottom face region and a rear face region formed together in one piece, with a top border region projecting up to overlap the top border of the top cover piece, and a front border region projecting forward to overlap the front border region of the top cover piece. The overlapping border regions are bonded to form a top flap (206) and a front flap (207). The front flap lies between courses of brickwork in the outer wall layer. The cover material need not be adhesively bonded to the body, reducing combustion risk.
Patent GB-2596695-A (GB)
Title: Reducing rebuild time in a computing storage environment
Inventor: Yosef Shatsky
IPC: G06F11/10
Filed: 2020-03-17
Abstract: Embodiments for reducing rebuild time in a computing storage environment in by a processor. One or more disk drive failures in a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)-6 may be rebuilt by holding at least three parity strips per stripe while using one or more of the at least three parity strips according the one or more disk drive failures.
Patent GB-2603252-A (GB)
Title: Data quality-based confidence computations for kpis derived from time-series data
Inventor: Vitobha Munigala
IPC: G06F17/18
Filed: 2021-11-10
Abstract: Providing confidence values for replacement data for data that has issues indicative of errors, including identifying one or more potentially erroneous data instances in a time series data stream and determining one or more predicted replacement values for the potentially erroneous data instances. A confidence value is then determined for each predicted replacement value and the potentially erroneous data instances are resolved with one predicted replacement value of the one or more predicted replacement values. An explanatory basis for the resolution of the one or more potentially erroneous data instances is then generated. The data issues, the replacement data, and confidence values may be related to one or more Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A simulation snapshot may be generated which includes predicted replacement values which are at least partially based on imputed values and a number of KPI formulation characteristics.
Patent GB-2605234-A (GB)
Title: Tamper-respondant assembly with structural material within sealed inner compartment
Inventor: HONGQING ZHANG
IPC: H05K1/02
Filed: 2021-11-24
Abstract: Tamper-respondent assembly including circuit board 610, electronic component 602 and enclosure assembly 620 coupled to circuit board 610 to enclose electronic component 602 within a secure volume 601. Enclosure assembly 620 includes an enclosure with a sealed inner compartment 623 containing a structural material 701. Structural material 701 inhibits deflection of the enclosure due to a pressure differential between the sealed inner compartment 623 and around the enclosure 620. Pressure sensor 640 sense pressure within sealed inner compartment 623 to facilitate identification of a pressure change indicative of a tamper event. Optionally, structural material 701 may comprise a foam metal with interconnected pores. Enclosure 620 may comprise a metal enclosure with inner and outer walls. Foam metal within the sealed inner compartment 623 may be diffusion bonded to these walls. Sealed inner compartment 623 may comprise two sealed inner chambers of differing pressures, both containing structural material 701. A monitor circuit may be positioned within secure volume 601 to monitor the pressure of sealed inner compartment 623 via pressure sensor 640.
Patent GB-2600365-A (GB)
Title: A modular system for constructing a pallet
Inventor: DENZIL JULIAN GRIFFITHS
IPC: B65D19/18
Filed: 2016-11-07
Abstract: A modular system for constructing a pallet 1, the system comprising: a plurality of slats 11, and a plurality of beams 3. Each beam 3 has a first end 25 which can interlock with the end of another similar beam, and one or more slat recesses 9. In use, four beams 3 can be interlocked to form a pallet frame. Each slat recess 9 can receive a portion of a slat 11. In use, a slat 11 can be mounted on and extend between at least two of said beams 3 to form a side wall 60 and/or deck 4 of a stillage (55, fig 5). A pallet like base is connected to two upwardly extending posts with slats passing between the arms to form a side wall. An upwardly extending arm interlocks with a pallet like base by sliding in a direction parallel to the surface of the pallet.
Patent GB-2600667-A (GB)
Title: Interconnect structure having fully aligned vias
Inventor: CHANRO PARK
IPC: H01L23/528
Filed: 2020-08-06
Abstract: An interconnect structure (100) includes an interlayer dielectric (ILD) (112) having a cavity (122) extending therethrough along a first direction. A first electrically conductive strip (110) is formed on a substrate (102) and within the cavity (122). The first electrically conductive strip (110) extends along the first direction and across an upper surface of the substrate (102). A second electrically conductive strip (118) is on an upper surface of the ILD (112) and extends along a second direction opposite the first direction. A fully aligned via (FAV) (124) extends between the first and second electrically conductive strips (110, 118) such that all sides of the FAV (124) are co-planar with opposing sides of the first electrically conductive strip (110) and opposing sides of the second electrically conductive strip (118) thereby providing a FAV (124) that is fully aligned with the first electrically conductive strip (110) and the second electrically conductive strip (118).
Patent GB-2606862-A (GB)
Title: Front-end structure for insertion part of endoscope
Inventor: YI ZHANG
IPC: A61B1/00
Filed: 2019-11-13
Abstract: A front-end structure for an insertion part of an endoscope, comprising a probe housing (1), a photographing module (2) provided on an end surface of the probe housing (1) and used for observing a peripheral tissue image, and an operation hole channel (5) provided on the end surface of the probe housing (1), located on one side of the photographing module (2) and used for fixing an operation mechanism, wherein the photographing module (2) comprises a lens unit (201) and illumination units (202) provided on two sides of the lens unit (201), and one side of the end surface of the probe housing (1) is provided with an arc-shaped transition surface (4) for guiding a probe body to be inserted into target tissue. The beneficial effects are that the end surface of a first end of the probe housing (1) has a cutting angle, and in a process that a probe enters the interior of a human body, the inclined arc-shaped transition surface (4) can reduce resistance from human body tissue, so that the probe can more easily enter the interior of the human body; and by providing the probe housing (1) while sealedly covering the illumination units (202) by using a sealant, the probe housing (1) has locating and protections effects on end portions of the illumination units (202).
Patent GB-2609740-A (GB)
Title: Mounting seat applicable to water-mixing valve core and water-mixing valve
Inventor: WENRONG LU
IPC: F16L19/02
Filed: 2022-06-17
Abstract: The mounting seat , for a water-mixing valve core, includes a first water inlet channel 31, a second water inlet channel 32, a water-mixing valve core cavity 34, a first waterway switching cavity 5a, a second waterway switching cavity 5b, a first plug 1 and a second plug 2. A first water flows through the first water inlet channel into the first waterway switching cavity and flows to a cold water inlet end or a hot water inlet end of the water-mixing valve core cavity, and a second water flows through the second water inlet channel into the second waterway switching cavity and flows to the cold water inlet end and the hot water inlet end in the water-mixing valve core cavity, the first plug and the second plug can be detachably mounted in the first waterway switching cavity and the second waterway switching cavity, thereby changing the waterways of water flowing from the first waterway switching cavity and the second waterway switching cavity into the water-mixing valve core cavity. Also claimed is a water mixing valve with a valve core and the mounting seat.
Patent GB-2605554-A (GB)
Title: Sand screen system with adhesive bonding
Inventor: ANDREW DAVID PENNO
IPC: E21B43/10
Filed: 2018-08-14
Abstract: A sand screen system includes a tubular. The tubular includes at least one through-port from an outer surface of the tubular to an inner surface of the tubular. Further, the sand screen system includes a filtering portion positioned over the at least one through-port on the outer surface of the tubular. A moldable material couples the filtering portion to the tubular. A power cable or control line may be moulded completely within the adhesive or positioned within a recessed groove that runs a length of the adhesive on the tubular. The cable or line may be a fiber optic line or electrical line.
Patent GB-2606971-A (GB)
Title: Smart shelf systems and methods of operating the same
Inventor: SEAN CONNOLLY
IPC: G05B19/18
Filed: 2021-02-25
Abstract: Smart shelf systems and methods of operating the same are disclosed herein. An example method includes determining a current position of a divider on a smart shelf based on sensor outputs of the smart shelf at the current position responsive to the divider positioned at the current position; comparing the current position of the divider to an intended position of the divider; and providing a first alert when the current position of the divider does not match the intended position of the divider. In some examples, the intended position of the divider is updated to the current or an installed position of the divider.
Patent GB-2621279-A (GB)
Title: Warp knitted spacer mesh fabric with high air permeability, elasticity and support
Inventor: CHEN YU
IPC: D04B21/10
Filed: 2021-09-10
Abstract: A spacer fabric (10) is comprising a first knit layer (12), a second knit layer (14) and a third layer (16) comprising monofilament spacer yarns extending between and connecting the first and second knit layers (12, 14), with the first knit layer (12) having a mesh structure.
Patent GR-950100154-A (GR)
Title: Arrangement for transformation of linear reciprocal motion to roary.
Inventor: TRIKERIOTIS-PARADEISIS EMM-D
IPC: F16H21/36
Filed: 1995-04-17
Abstract: This arrangement (sketch D) applies to internal or external combustion engines as well as to machines for the production of electricity, cold, or any other purpose, and is constituted by a piston (1) with an extension (2) which acts as pushrod and drives through the sliding couplings (3) and (4) two gears (5) and (6) engaged to each other and having suitable balancing counter weights (7) and (8), capable to drive respective flywheels.
Patent GR-990100354-A (GR)
Title: Dermatography
Inventor: KEFALIDIS PANAG THEMISTOKLIS
Filed: 1999-10-12
Abstract: Dermatography is a method of printing monochrome or colour pictures, images, drawings or letter onto a leather surface.The result of the monochrome or colour leather printing is achieved with the use of a pre-printed image with water soluble inks coated with a transparent, water-soluble coating placed onto te leather surface. The leather surface is moistened and becomes hydrophillic. By the pressure exerted on it, the colour printing is transferred from the pre-printed surface to the surface of the leather. The advantage of this invention is that with this method all colour composing a colour picture, image or drawing are tranferred onto the leather surface.
Patent GT-197122254-A (GT)
Title: Paredes para construccion y metodo
IPC: E04B1/66
Filed: 1971-10-26
Abstract: PAREDES ESTRUCTURALES PARA EDIFICIOS QUE COMPRENDEN POR LO MENOS DOS ORGANOS COLUMNARES DE SOPORTE DE CARGAS, UNA PLURALIDAD DE PANELES DE HORMIGON PREMOLDEADOS Y SUPERPUES TOS, MEDIOS DE HERMETISAZACION SON LA INTEMPERIE, Y UN PAR DE ORGANOS ALARGADOS.
Patent GT-198700025-A (GT)
Title: Ciertas 3-amino-2-benzoilciclohex-2-enonas substituidas.
IPC: C07C217/14
Filed: 1987-06-08
Abstract: SE REFIERE A UNA COMPOSICION HERBICIDA QUE COMPRENDE 3AMINO2BENZOILCICLOHEX2ENONAS SUBSTITUIDAS, HERBICIDAMENTE ACTIVAS Y UN PORTADOR INERTE, EN DONDE LA PORCION 2 DE LA PORCION BENZOILO ESTA SUBSTITUIDA COMO AQUI SE DESCRIBE Y LA POSICION 4 DE PREFERENCIA ESTA SUBSTITUIDA CON UN GRUPO DONADOR DE ELECTRONES TALES COMO HALOGENO, CIANO, TRIFLUOROMETILO O NITRO. ESTOS COMPUESTOS TIENEN LA ESTRUCTURA QUIMICA CONTENIDA EN LA FICHA TECNICA RESPECTIVA.EN LA QUE R, R1, R2R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, Y R10 SON GRUPOS FUNCIONALES DESCRITOS EN EL EXPEDIENTE.
Patent GT-200400061-A (GT)
Title: Sales antitranspirantes libres de glicina con betaina para productos cosmeticos mejorados.
Inventor: HOLERCA MARIAN
IPC: C07C211/63
Filed: 2004-04-02
Abstract: UNA SAL DE BETAINA DE ALUMINIO Y/O ZIRCONIO LIBRE DE GLICINA QUE POSEE UNA RELACION MOLAR METAL A CLORO EN EL RANGO DE 0.32.5:1, UNA RELACION MOLAR BETAINA:ALUMINIO EN EL RANGO DE 0.051.0:1 Y/O UNA RELACION MOLAR BETAINA:ZIRCONIO EN EL RANGO DE 0.2:3.0:1, EN LA CUAL LA BETAINA SE UTILIZA EN SU FORMA COMUN DESCRITA EN LA FORMULA I O EN SU FORMA DERIVADA CLORHIDRATO DE BETAINA, DESCRITA EN LA FORMULA IA.
Patent KR-830001498-A (KR)
Title: Process for preparing n-chloroimides
Inventor: TA SEN CHOU
IPC: F02C5/12
Filed: 1979-08-31
Abstract: N-chlorophthalimide (I), N-chlorosuccinimide and N-chloroglutarimide were prepd. by chlorination of the corresponding imides in the presence of polyvinylpyridine copolymer of 1-10% crosslinking under anhyd. condition. Thus, Cl was introduced into 2.45g 4-vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene copolymer in CH2Cl2 followed by reaction with 50 mmol phthalimide and 3 drops of quinoline and the mixt. stirred 5 hr at room temp. to give 95.9% (I).
Patent KR-830000885-A (KR)
Title: 열쇠 키이스 용 열쇠 유지(遊持)고리
Filed: 1979-10-16
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830001676-A (KR)
Title: 탈부기(脫浮機)용 자동 제어 시스템
Filed: 1980-01-14
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830002149-A (KR)
Title: 내연기관용 배전기
Filed: 1980-03-11
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830005626-A (KR)
Title: 핵연료 집합체용 스페이서 격자
IPC: G21C3/34
Filed: 1981-01-22
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830005386-A (KR)
Title: 오스테나이트 합금
IPC: C22C38/00
Filed: 1981-02-27
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830004983-A (KR)
Title: 래디얼 공기타이어
IPC: B60C9/20
Filed: 1981-03-23
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830007803-A (KR)
Title: 가솔린의 옥탄가 상승용 첨가제
Filed: 1981-09-30
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830007068-A (KR)
Title: 영양보급용 수중유형 유제의 제법
IPC: A61K9/107
Filed: 1981-11-18
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830000175-A (KR)
Title: 이산화탄소에서 일산화탄소를 제조하는 방법
IPC: C01B32/40
Filed: 1981-11-18
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830010399-A (KR)
Title: 자동촛점조정 카메라
IPC: G03B13/36
Filed: 1982-05-18
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840000159-A (KR)
Title: B.b 전자 형광등 발진기
Filed: 1982-05-22
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840001337-A (KR)
Title: 양이온 방출형 할로겐화 탄화수소 검출소자
IPC: G01N27/62
Filed: 1982-08-28
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840004187-A (KR)
Title: 전착막 두께(電着膜) 제어 방법
IPC: G01B7/06
Filed: 1983-03-17
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840005657-A (KR)
Title: 마사아지 베드
IPC: A61H1/00
Filed: 1983-06-02
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850000893-A (KR)
Title: 면상 발열판의 전극도선 접속방법
Filed: 1983-06-08
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-840006865-A (KR)
Title: 자기 테이프 주사장치 및 방법
IPC: H01F38/14
Filed: 1983-10-10
Abstract: 내용없음
Patent KR-850004269-A (KR)
Title: 미생물에 의한 5'-크산틸산의 제조방법
IPC: C12R1/13
Filed: 1983-12-01
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850006847-A (KR)
Title: 프라스틱 컴포넌트 고정구
Filed: 1984-03-20
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840008426-A (KR)
Title: 압연기
IPC: B21B35/14
Filed: 1984-03-28
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-850000546-A (KR)
Title: 정경기의 자동감시 시스템
IPC: D02H13/08
Filed: 1984-06-20
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-850002273-A (KR)
Title: 결정성 벤조티아진 디옥사이드염의 제조방법
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 1984-09-11
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850005721-A (KR)
Title: 회로 차단기
IPC: H01H73/50
Filed: 1984-11-15
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850006652-A (KR)
Title: 프로세스와 메모리를 내장한 집적회로와 그것을 사용한 시스템
IPC: G06F15/17
Filed: 1985-03-19
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860002427-A (KR)
Title: 초고압 연마제 분사물에 의한 유리의 절단방법
IPC: C03B33/023
Filed: 1985-09-11
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860003744-A (KR)
Title: 벡터값 위상계산용 회로장치
IPC: H04N9/64
Filed: 1985-10-26
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860008404-A (KR)
Title: 튜브결합용 접속기
IPC: F16L17/00
Filed: 1986-03-27
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860008480-A (KR)
Title: 한번에 한장이상의 종이공급 방지장치
IPC: B65H3/52
Filed: 1986-04-15
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-880003307-A (KR)
Title: Vtr의 로딩장치
IPC: G11B15/60
Filed: 1986-08-22
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870011577-A (KR)
Title: 테이프 레코오더
IPC: G11B5/55
Filed: 1986-08-26
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870003506-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 기억장치
IPC: G11C29/04
Filed: 1986-09-17
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870006016-A (KR)
Title: N-벤조일 우레아 화합물, 이를 함유하는 항종양 조성물 및 그의 제조 방법
IPC: A61K31/505
Filed: 1986-12-10
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870010659-A (KR)
Title: 코로나 방전 처리용 대향 전극
IPC: B01J19/08
Filed: 1987-01-23
Abstract: 내용 없음