Patent GB-563121-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method of and apparatus for shaping plastics by extrusion
IPC: B29C48/94
Filed: 1942-05-07
Abstract: 563,121. Regulating fluid flow. NEWTON, E. P. (Plax Corporation). May 7, 1942, No. 6166. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Oct. 24, 1942.] [Class 135] [Also in Group V] Organic plastic material is extruded from a nozzle 43 into and through a long die 45, and a continuous film of lubricant is maintained between the material and the die. The long die permits a gradual temperature reduction of the material while it is under pressure, with consequent prevention of gas and vacuum bubbles. A pump 52 feeds the lubricant to an accumulator 51 and raises the piston 54 thereof against a weight 55 which feeds the lubricant through valve 57, filter 58, throttle 59 and passage 44 to an annular space 44a surrounding the nozzle 43. In operation, with the accumulator 51 full, the plastic material feed valve 42 closed and the die empty of material (or with. what material there is in the die surrounded by lubricant), valve 57 and a byepass valve 63 are opened to admit lubricant into the die. Then the valve 42 is opened to introduce material, which is fed forward by a screw 40b through a filter 41. The flow of lubricant is gradually reduced by closing valve, 63 and regulating throttle 59 until, under normal working conditions, only a few drops per minute pass into the die. If the material jams in the die, valves 42 and 57 are closed and a drain 62 is opened, to take pressure off the jammed material. The material is allowed to cool, then drain 62 is closed, valve 57 is opened, and byepass valve 63 is opened to give a sudden blow to the jammed material. This blow may be repeated, after further cooling. The throttle 59 comprises a needle 59b sliding in a bore and secured in a handle 59c screw-threaded on the throttle block 59a. When the needle is moved into the block, the resistance to the passage of the oil is increased, and vice versa. The die is in three parts, 45a, 45b, 45c, joined by unions 64, 65, and its temperature is controlled by water-jackets 66, 66a, 66b which surround the die and are connected together by pipes 66c, 66d. When thermoplastic material is being extruded, these jackets are fed with heated water (heated so that the cooling will be gradual.) A stuffing- box 47 at the delivery end of the die may be regulated (by tightening) to apply back pressure to the issuing rod of plastic material. The lubricant escapes from the die through a hole in the stuffing-box and is caught in a pan 48. The rod is drawn off by pulling means (not shown) and rests on grooved rollers 74, 75. The speed of the puller may be regulated in accordance with variations in the rate of extrusion by means of a roller 78, resting on the rod, and an electric switch 81 controlling the puller ; when the rod sags, the puller speed is increased until the rod reaches the horizontal : alternatively, the puller may operate at a maximum rate of extrusion, and may slip when the extrusion speed falls. The rod may be cooled by water sprays. When tubes are being made, lubricant may be introduced between the tube and the mandrel over which it is formed. Ornamental bubble-containing rods may be made by so increasing the extrusion rate that the cooling is insufficient. Thematerial may emerge from the die with sufficient heat content to reheat the surface and form a lustrous finish thereon. The lubricant may be gear oil, glycerine plus metallic soap, or glycerine plus dextrine. The plastic material may be polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene or thermosetting material.