baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20030044478-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO SEOM YOUN
IPC: B60P3/04
Filed: 2001-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A vehicle for transporting pigs is provided to transport pigs under pleasant and safe conditions and prevent pigs from being suffocated to death and from being stressed. CONSTITUTION: In a vehicle for transporting pigs having a closed tower(10) with an open-and-shut-rear door for entrance of pigs, open-and-shut side doors(12) for inflow of great quantity of external air are installed on both sides of the front side of the tower, to keep the room pleasant by natural convection current, in opening the rear door. First separation-preventing rods are installed to prevent pigs from leaving from the tower in opening the side door. Second separation-preventing rods(30) corresponding to the first separation-preventing rods are installed to prevent pigs from leaving from the tower in opening the door. Accordingly, pigs are prevented from being suffocated to death and from being stressed during transporting.
Patent KR-20020047007-A (KR)
Inventor: SAIKA MASAO
IPC: H01L35/32
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a profile thermomodule that arranges thermomodules on a circular plate as close as possible, improves cooling capability (cooling power), and at the same time, can reduce temperature distribution, and to provide a circular cooling plate using the profile thermomodule. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of three kinds of profile thermomodules 35, 36, and 37 is arranged in a multi-ring shape to the circular plate 31, while the short side opposite to the long one faces the center. In the profile thermomodules, a Peltier element is provided between a pair of heat transfer plates. In this case, the heat transfer plates are set into a trapezoid, square, or rectangular shape, and have a slanting section slanted so that one side held between a pair of opposite sides becomes narrow in the pair of opposite sides.
Patent KR-20030050087-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK GWANG IL
IPC: H03F3/45
Filed: 2001-12-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A squelch circuit is provided to sense when an absolute value of an input voltage is over specific voltage difference and output a squelch signal. CONSTITUTION: The first sensing unit(100) senses when the difference of the first and second input signals is over a positive specific value, and outputs a difference recognition signal. The second sensing unit(300) senses when the difference of the first and second input signals is over a negative specific value, and outputs a difference recognition signal. A bias unit(200) adjusts the offset current quantity of the first and second sensing units(100,300) as a uniform quantity, and decides the specific value. An output unit(400) responds to the output signals of the first and second sensing units(100,300), and outputs a squelch signal.
Patent KR-20030052054-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOO GYO SEOP
IPC: G02F1/1343
Filed: 2001-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A liquid crystal display device is provided to improve brightness through a wide view angle characteristic and a high aperture ratio characteristic, thereby reducing additional costs for realizing high brightness. CONSTITUTION: A first substrate and a second substrate face each other at a predetermined interval. Gate lines(160) and data lines(180) are formed on the first substrate lengthwise and breadthwise for defining pixel areas. A thin film transistors is formed at every crossing point of the gate lines and the data lines. A pixel electrode(400) is connected with the thin film transistor and includes a first electric field inducing window(420) inside, so that the first electric field inducing window divides a domain by forming a fringe field to realize a wide view angle. A common auxiliary electrode(300) is formed at a position corresponding to the first electric field inducing window. A gate insulating film is formed on the front surface of the first substrate including the gate lines. A protective film is formed on the front surface of the first substrate including the data lines. A shielding layer is formed on the second substrate, being overlapped with the data lines, so that an aperture ratio increases. A color filter layer is formed on the shielding layer. An overcoat layer is formed on the color filter layer. A common electrode includes a second electric field inducing window. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first and second substrates.
Patent KR-20030052420-A (KR)
Title: Steel used in trail-rail having bainite structure with wear-resistance
Inventor: JANG UNG SEONG
IPC: C22C38/04
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A bainitic steel with superior wear resistance and toughness for use in trail rail is provided, which is characterized in that instead of expensive Cr and Ni, tungsten, boron, niobium and titanium are contained to the bainitic steel so that bainitic microstructure is formed even under air cooling condition after rolling, thus it has less production cost than pearlite rail steel and conventional bainite steel. CONSTITUTION: The bainitic steel comprises C 0.35 to 0.45 wt.%, Si 0.25 to 0.35 wt.%, Mn 1.5 to 2 wt.%, Mo 0.5 to 1.0 wt.%, W 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%, B 0.002 wt.%, Ti 0.1 wt.%, Nb 0.02 to 0.06 wt.%, 0.009 wt.% or less of P, 0.003 wt.% or less of S, 0.005 wt.% or less of N, a balance of Fe and incidental impurities.
Patent KR-20030052862-A (KR)
Title: Air purging apparatus for cleaning and safety of optical measuring system
Inventor: HWANG WON HO
IPC: B08B5/02
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: An air injector injecting air to the front of a lens to secure a visual field of an optical gauge is provided to prevent foreign materials from being attached to the lens by rapidly discharging air injected to the front of the lens. CONSTITUTION: An air injector for preventing foreign materials from being attached on a lens(7) or on a protecting glass(6) by injecting air to the front of the lens or the glass of an optical gauge(9) is composed of a low-pressure air injecting unit installed to the front of the lens or the protecting glass to inject air and a high-pressure air injecting unit(100) installed to a front end of the low-pressure air injecting unit to inject air. Air injected from the low and high-pressure air-injecting units is bias injected in a reverse direction against a proceeding direction of light. The pressure of air injected from the high-pressure air-injecting unit is relatively larger than the pressure of air from the low-pressure air-injecting unit.
Patent KR-20030053984-A (KR)
Inventor: BANG TAE MAN
IPC: F25B30/00
Filed: 2001-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A high temperature quick boiling heat pump unit is provided to stably supply warm water and hot water even in winter. CONSTITUTION: A compressor(20), a first condenser(21), a second condenser(22) and a first evaporator are connected with each other through a refrigerant tube(P1). A make-up water tank(26) is placed on one sides of the first condenser and the second condenser to be connected with the first condenser and the second condenser through a water tube(P2). Outlet sides of the first condenser and the second condenser are connected with a cooling tower(27) through a water tube(P4). A hot water tube(P3) is branched from the water tube to draw out hot water. A direction switching three-way valve(V1) is placed on the refrigerant tube on the outlet sides of the first condenser and the second condenser. A refrigerant tube(P5) is branched from the three-way valve to be connected with the refrigerant tube on an outlet side of the first evaporator. A direction switching two-way valve is placed on the refrigerant tube on the outlet side of the first evaporator. A water-cooled second evaporator(28) is placed on the refrigerant tube. A cold reservoir(29) storing cold water is placed on one side of the second evaporator to be connected with the second evaporator through a water tube(P6). A cooling fan coil unit(30) is placed on one side of the cold reservoir to be connected with the cold reservoir through a water tube(P7).
Patent KR-20030055878-A (KR)
Title: Radiosensitizer containing ceramides or derivatives thereof and dimethylsphingosine as the active ingredient
Inventor: JUNG IN SEONG
IPC: A61K31/133
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A radiation sensitivity enhancer containing a ceramide compound and dimethylsphingosine is provided to increase radiation therapy effect by administration thereof before or while delivering radiation to cancer cells having low radiation resistance without adverse effect. CONSTITUTION: A radiation sensitivity enhancer contains ceramides, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof represented by the formula 1 and dimethylsphingosine or other sphingosine kinase inhibitors represented by the formula 4. In formula, R1 is substituted or non-substituted C1-20 alkyl. A therapeutic anticancer agent also contains ceramides, a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and dimethylsphingosine represented by the formula 4.
Patent KR-20010079624-A (KR)
IPC: B60R21/26
Filed: 1999-07-16
Abstract: 압력 지수를 감소시키고 조성물이 대기 압력이나 부근 압력에서 연소를 유지시켜서 연소 효율을 개선하는, 암모늄 나이트레이트 및 무독성 금속 산화물을 포함하는 가스 발생 조성물이 제공된다. 상기 조성물은 승객 구속물을 팽창시키는 것과 같은 목적, 즉 비행기 탈출 슈트 혹은 유사물뿐 아니라 자동차 혹은 비행기용 에어백에 유용하다.
Patent KR-20010074978-A (KR)
Title: 제2 레벨 분기 예측 테이블을 이용한 분기 예측 방법 및장치
IPC: G06F9/38
Filed: 1999-08-26
Abstract: 분기 예측자가 기재되어 있다. 제1 분기 예측 테이블(100)은 명령어 포인터 생성기(11)에 연결되어, 태깅된 분기 예측 엔트리를 저장하고, 고속으로 분기 예측을 제공한다. 제2 분기 예측 테이블(102)은 또한 명령어 포인터 생성기(11)에 연결되어, 태깅되지 않은 분기 예측 엔트리를 저장하고, 보다 저속이긴 하지만, 훨씬 더 큰 작업 세트 분기에 대해 분기 예측을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20010079940-A (KR)
IPC: B60W10/04
Filed: 1999-09-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 차량의 추진력을 조절하기 위한 추진력 조절 장치와 조절 방법에 관한 것이다. 이를 위하여, 상기 장치는 차량에 적용된 횡가속도를 나타내는 횡가속도량을 검출하는 역할을 하는 제 1 수단(101)을 포함한다. 또한, 상기 장치는 횡가속도량의 시간 반응량을 검출하기 위한 제 2 수단(204)을 포함한다. 추가로, 상기 장치는 적어도 횡가속도량과 이 횡가속도량의 시간 반응량에 따라서 조작량을 검출하는 제 3 수단(209)을 포함한다. 또한, 상기 장치는 적어도 엔진을 조작하여 차량의 추진력을 조절하기 위한 제 4 수단을 가지며, 이때 엔진 조작은 상기 조작량에 따라서 실시된다.
Patent KR-20010082248-A (KR)
IPC: A61F13/56
Filed: 1999-10-18
Abstract: 대변을 수용하기 위한 주 구멍을 포함하는 상면시이트; 상면시이트의 적어도 일부와 연결된 배면시이트; 상면시이트와 배면시이트의 적어도 일부 사이에 배치된 흡수 코어; 상면시이트와 배면시이트 사이에 배치된 이격 부재를 포함하는 흡수 제품.  이격 부재는 대변이 들어갈 수 있는 빈 공간을 제공한다.  흡수 제품은 바람직하게는 사용하는 동안 흡수 제품의 상면시이트를 착용자에게 접착시키기 위해 주 구멍의 적어도 일부 둘레에 배치된 신체 접착 조성물도 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010107935-A (KR)
Title: Signalling beacon
IPC: B64F1/18
Filed: 1999-09-02
Abstract: The signalling beacon is comprised of a lighting indicator which is mounted in a body (6) enabling the stacking thereof, energy accumulation device (7), at least one photovoltaic cell (3) and an electronic device (4) of the beacon (1), said electronic device (4) having a radio frequency receiver circuit to receive radiocommunication signals which are emitted by an emitter circuit, and a light indicator control circuit. The beacon is characterized in that the light indicator control circuit includes a timer, a logic circuit intended to the polarization of the timer and of the light indicator, and a connection device for the switching off of the energy accumulation device (7) when said beacons (1) are piled up. A signalling beacon is obtained with a high autonomy, which is also remote controllable and with a high versatility of applications. <IMAGE>
Patent KR-20020010132-A (KR)
Title: 열에 민감한 유체의 살균 방법 및 장치
IPC: C02F1/02
Filed: 2000-03-30
Abstract: 복막 투석용 유체와 같은 열에 민감한 유체를 살균하는 방법 및 장치.  상기 유체는 열에 민감한 제1 성분과 열에 덜 민감한 제2 성분으로서 제공된다.  열에 덜 민감한 성분은 살균 온도보다 더 높은 온도까지 가열된다.  그 후 두 성분은 혼합되어 제1 성분은 가열시키고 제2 성분은 냉각시킨다.  제1 성분의 가열은 원하는 살균 온도와 동일한 혼합 온도를 얻기 위하여 제어된다.  혼합된 성분들은 살균 시간 동안 사균 온도에 유지되며, 이에 따라 살균 분량을 얻으며, 그 후에 혼합된 성분은 냉각되어 수용체에 공급된다.  상기 방법은 연속된 흐름의 유체로 온라인으로 행해지는 것이 바람직하며, 이로써 가열된 제2 유체 성분은 가능하기로는 예열된 제1 성분을 살균 온도까지 가열시킨다.
Patent KR-20020001826-A (KR)
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2001-02-12
Abstract: 높은 데이터 전송 속도 채널을 위한 데이터 전송 속도가 미리 정해진 메트릭에 기초하여 자동적으로 상향 또는 하향 시프트되는, 매체 액세스 채널층 시그널링을 통한 동적인 전송 속도 스위칭을 위한 방법 및 시스템이 개시된다.  바람직한 실시예에서, 데이터 전송 속도는, 요구되는 신호 대 잡음비를 유지하는 데에 필요한 전송 채널 이득에 기초하여 자동적으로 상향 또는 하향 시프트된다.
Patent KR-20020022137-A (KR)
IPC: F21V7/07
Filed: 2000-06-28
Abstract: 집속 및 수집용 광학 시스템은 시준용 반사기(30)와 집속용 반사기(40)를 포함한다.  상기 시준용 반사기(30)는 초점(36)과 광축(38)을 지니는 순환하는 포물면의 일부분을 포함한다.  상기 집속용 반사기(40)는 초점(46)과 광축(48)을 지니는 순환하는 포물면을 포함한다.  상기 시준용 반사기(30)의 초점(36)에 배치된 전자기 방사선 소스선의 시준된 비임을 발생시킨다.  상기 집속용 반사기(40)는 상기 시준된 비임을 수용하도록 배치되어, 그것을 상기 집속용 반사기(40)의 초점(46)에 배치된 타겟(60)을 향하여 집속시킨다.
Patent KR-20030043554-A (KR)
Title: Bread Filled with Stuffing in Inside Hollow
Inventor: HAE GUN
IPC: A21D13/00
Filed: 2002-01-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A bread with an inner room is provided to fill the inner room with a stuffing of various contents in simplified and convenient manners. CONSTITUTION: A bread with an inner room is largely formed with an upper bread part(10), and a lower bread part(20). The upper bread part has a peripheral protrusion(11) directed downward, and a connection groove formed at the inside of the protrusion. The lower bread part has a top end portion(22) corresponding to the groove of the upper bread part, and an inner room(21) for receiving the stuffing. The upper and the lower bread parts are combined with each other such that the top end portion of the lower bread part is inserted into the groove of the upper bread part, and the protrusion of the upper bread part intercepts the gap between the upper and the lower bread parts.
Patent KR-20020023298-A (KR)
Inventor: SON YOUNG SUK
IPC: G06F3/02
Filed: 2002-01-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A thin film button type keyboard having an electric bulb type button without a protruding button is provided to make a user easily and rapidly recognize a character of the keyboard by installing the electric bulb type button without the protruding button. CONSTITUTION: The button(2') of a keyboard(1') has an electronic bulb(3') inside of the button. The protruding buttons are placed under a thin film(4), and the electric bulb and the electric bulb button is install to the keyboard.
Patent KR-20030062887-A (KR)
Title: Monochrome cathode ray tube for projection system and manufacturing method of the crt
Inventor: BAE CHEOL HAN
IPC: H01J29/08
Filed: 2002-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A monochrome cathode ray tube and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to achieve improved luminance and prevent deterioration of phosphor over a long period of use by enhancing the quality of phosphor screen and reducing the thickness of phosphor screen. CONSTITUTION: A monochrome cathode ray tube comprises a face panel(4) having an inner surface on which a single color phosphor screen(2) is formed; a funnel(6) coupled to the rear of the face panel and which has a neck portion(8); an electron gun(10) mounted in the neck portion and which emits a ray of electron beam toward the phosphor screen; and a deflection yoke(12) mounted on the outer surface of the funnel and which deflects the electron beam. The phosphor screen is selectively positioned on the effective surface where an image is formed by the scanning of electron beam.
Patent KR-20030067121-A (KR)
Title: Stone block and slope side with roots and construction method
Inventor: NA SUNG MIN
IPC: E02B3/14
Filed: 2002-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: The process of constructing sloped plane by a stone block is provided to create an environmental friendly sloped plane and prevent a landslide by artificial stone blocks with plant roots. CONSTITUTION: The process of constructing sloped plane by a stone block is composed of: putting stones(110) provided with roots into a molding(200); putting a root binding frame(130); welding a binding root(120) to the root binding frame; molding a stone block with a vegetative area between stones; filling the vegetative area with soil, sand and pebbles kneaded with clay and putting a cover(210) on the vegetative area; delivering the complete product to a job field; laying the stone block to the sloped plane; binding the root binding frame one after another; sprinkling finishing fillings onto the sloped area with finished stone blocks.
Patent KR-20030074903-A (KR)
Title: Preparing Method for Carbon molecure Sieve Materials with Controlled Pore Diameters
Inventor: JU SANG HUN
IPC: C01B31/02
Filed: 2002-03-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a carbon molecular sieve in which carbon nanowire and nanotube with controlled size are regularly arrayed using the synthesized molecular sieve material after synthesizing uniformed mesoporous silica molecular sieve material with controlled pore diameter is provided. CONSTITUTION: In a method for manufacturing carbon molecular sieve consisting of carbon nanowire and nanotube by template synthesis, the method for manufacturing the carbon molecular sieve with controlled pore size comprises the step of controlling pore size of carbon nanowire or nanotube composing the carbon molecular sieve by controlling pore size of mesoporous silica molecular sieve that is a template, wherein a composition for surfactant provided as a raw material during manufacturing of the molecular sieve is a factor for controlling the size of pores of mesoporous silica molecular sieve, wherein the method further comprises the step of controlling size of inner diameter of the carbon nanotube composing the carbon molecular sieve according to addition amount of carbon polymer precursor that is a raw material, and wherein the mesoporous silica molecular sieve is SBA-1, SBA-15 or MCM-41.
Patent KR-20020095045-A (KR)
Inventor: BRAUN CHRISTIAN
IPC: H01Q/
Filed: 2002-03-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: An antenna device, a portable radio communication device and a method related thereto are provided to simplify the configuration of the antenna device, while reducing the manufacturing cost and power consumption. CONSTITUTION: An antenna device comprises a dielectric substrate(20); and a conductive antenna element(25) adapted to transmit radio waves in a predetermined frequency range. The conductive antenna element is arranged on the dielectric substrate, and includes a feed line connected to the output of a power amplifier(23) of a portable radio communication device. The power amplifier is fed with a radio frequency signal during use. The conductive antenna element is adapted to substantially damp the harmonics of the radio frequency signal output from the power amplifier such that the output of the power amplifier does not need a discrete filter.
Patent KR-20030076828-A (KR)
Title: A spinfinish oil composite for elastic synthetic fiber with excellent heat-stability
Inventor: KIM JU GWANG
IPC: D06M13/224
Filed: 2002-03-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A spinfinish oil composite for elastic synthetic fiber with excellent heat-stability is characterized by having excellent heat stability and abrasion resistance and controlling generation of fume and tar. CONSTITUTION: The emulsifier composition contains 10-45wt.% of glycerine diester oxy alkylene additions(formula I) and / or glycerine diester oxy alkylene additions(formula II). In the formula I and the formula II, R1 and R2 are C8-C25 alkyl groups; and m and n are integers of 3<=m+n<=10. Therefore, the emulsifier composition is capable of preventing generation of noils on spinning fiber, increasing quality of grey yarn and operation property, improving working condition and increasing a clearing period.
Patent KR-20030077297-A (KR)
Title: method for manufacturing gate electrode
Inventor: KIM JAE HEON
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 2002-03-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming a gate electrode is provided to easily obtain margin of SAC(Self Aligned Contact) processing by improving side profile of a gate electrode. CONSTITUTION: A polysilicon layer, a tungsten silicide layer and a silicon nitride layer are sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate(200). A hard mask(204) is formed to cover a gate formation region by selectively etching the silicon nitride layer. A gate electrode(202) is formed by etching the tungsten silicide layer and the polysilicon layer using the hard mask(204). At this time, The CD(Critical Dimension) of the hard mask(204) is smaller than the CD of the gate electrode pattern about 18% over, so that the side profile of the gate electrode(202) is improved.
Patent KR-20030079357-A (KR)
Filed: 2002-04-03
Abstract: 신용카드 관리장치 및 그 방법이 개시된다. 이러한 신용카드 관리장치는 표시부, 저장부 및 제어부를 구비한다. 표시부는 정보가 인식가능하도록 데이터를 화면에 표시한다. 저장부는 등록된 카드에 대하여 적어도 카드번호, 유효기간, 수수료, 결제일, 결제계좌, 잔고, 현금서비스 이율을 포함하는 카드 관련정보를 카드별로 저장하고 있다. 제어부는 등록된 카드들 중 어느 하나가 선택되면, 카드의 해당 계좌의 잔액, 결제일, 카드의 수수료 및 무이자 할부 기간 등을 표시부를 통해 표시한다. 따라서, 본 발명에 의하면, 사용하고 있는 모든 카드를 한 번 등록하는 것만으로 통합적으로 관리할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20030083794-A (KR)
Title: Antimicrobial composition containing hinokitiol as effective composition
Inventor: CUI YOUNG
IPC: A61K31/122
Filed: 2002-04-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: An antimicrobial composition including hinokitiol having antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acne as an effective component is provided. It also has excellent antimicrobial activity against resident skin bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus and safety to the human body. CONSTITUTION: An antimicrobial composition against resident skin bacteria contains 0.0001 to 20% by weight of hinokitiol. The hinokitiol is extracted from one or more plants selected from the group consisting of Taiwanese Chamaecyparis obtusa, Thujopsis dolabrata Sieb. et Zucc. and Juniperus chinensis L.
Patent KR-20020043201-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG SUNG JIN
IPC: B23C3/12
Filed: 2002-04-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cutter is provided to precisely form a cutting angle and to reduce the welding fault by adjusting the cutting angle using a machine. CONSTITUTION: An adjustable cutter(26) is mounted at one end of a hollow shaft(24). A pipe conveying shaft(21) is inserted into the hollow shaft(24). A protrusion(11) is assembled to the end of the hollow shaft(24). A screw boss(19), a screw cap(18) and a pipe conveying handle(15) are installed at the other end of the hollow shaft(24). A protrusion shrinking/expanding shaft(10) is inserted into the pipe conveying shaft(21). A taper guide protrusion is assembled to one end of the pipe conveying shaft(21). The protrusion(11) is assembled to the taper guide protrusion. When a protrusion shrinking/expanding handle(9) is rotated in a left direction, the taper guide protrusion moves to a left direction, so the protrusion(11) is expanded to fix the pipe.
Patent KR-20030084233-A (KR)
Title: Organic Electroluminescent Device and Method for Fabricating the same
Inventor: KIM GWAN SU
IPC: H01L27/32
Filed: 2002-04-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: An organic electro-luminescent device and a fabricating method thereof are provided to reduce an error rate and improve an aperture ratio by forming an array element and an organic electro-luminescent diode on different substrates, respectively. CONSTITUTION: An organic electro-luminescent device includes the first and the second substrates(110,130), an array element(120), the first electrode(132), an electrode separator(134), an organic electro-luminescent layer(136), the second electrode(138), and a conductive spacer(114). A plurality of sub-pixels are defined on the first and the second substrates(110,130). The array element(120) has a TFT which is formed in sub-pixel units on an inner surface of the first substrate(110). The first electrode(132) is located on an inner surface of the second substrate(130). The electrode separator(134) is located on a boundary of the sub-pixel units of the first substrate(110). The organic electro-luminescent layer(136) and the second electrode(138) are formed within the electrode separator(134). The conductive spacer(114) is located between the array element(120) and an organic electro-luminescent diode(E).