baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20040042739-A (KR)
Title: Radial Block Copolymer Composition and Process for the Production thereof
Inventor: KIM SAM MIN
IPC: C08F295/00
Filed: 2002-11-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preparing a radial block copolymer is provided, to obtain a copolymer having an antiaging property and an increased branch number with avoiding gelation. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of polymerizing a vinyl aromatic monomer with an organolithium initiator in an nonactive hydrocarbon solvent until the monomer is consumed completely to prepare a living polymer; adding an isoprene monomer to the living polymer and polymerizing them until it is consumed completely to prepare a diblock living polymer; and adding ethylene to the diblock living polymer in the presence of a Lewis base and adding a tri- or more valent coupling agent to prepare a triblock copolymer by coupling reaction of ethylene end, or adding simultaneously the tri- or more valent coupling agent and ethylene to the diblock living polymer in the presence of a Lewis base to prepare a triblock copolymer by coupling reaction. Preferably the vinyl aromatic monomer is styrene.
Patent KR-20030009249-A (KR)
Title: The printing method at silicon wafer making use of the semiconductor etching process
Inventor: PARK YOUNG CHUL
IPC: B41M5/00
Filed: 2002-12-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of engraving or embossing patterns of character and figure of various colors on a precious metal in various methods using semiconductor etching process. CONSTITUTION: The silicon printing method using semiconductor etching process comprises first process of coating a resist(2) on a silicon wafer(1); second process of resting a chromium mask(3) on the resist(2); third process of patterning the resist(2) using a light exposing equipment; fourth process of etching the silicon wafer(1) using etching process; fifth process of removing the resist(2); sixth process of forming a plating layer(4) by depositing or plating a precious metal such as gold or silver on the resist(2) removed etched silicon wafer(1); seventh process of coating the resist(2) again over the silicon wafer; eighth process of patterning the resist(2) using the light exposing equipment; ninth process of forming a dissimilar color plating layer(5) by depositing or plating the precious metal of gold or silver on patterned resist(2); and tenth process of removing the resist(2).
Patent KR-20030022753-A (KR)
Title: an urgent fender wall of tires and an installation method of that
Inventor: CHOI WON YOUNG
IPC: E02B7/00
Filed: 2002-12-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: An installation method for a prefabricated emergency wall using waste tires is provided to install an emergency wall rapidly and firmly. CONSTITUTION: The installation method for a prefabricated emergency wall using waste tires comprises the steps of leveling the ground on an installation site, installing unit walls(5) in two lines, forming an emergency wall by filing up a space between an inside of a tire and a wall of a facing tire with earthy materials(10), spreading a vinyl sheet(8) on a front line and woven fabrics(9) on a rear line, attaching unit walls(5) on the vinyl sheet(8) and the woven fabrics(9) in a line, and letting ropes pass through perforated holes of tires of the unit walls(5) continuously, then binding together.
Patent KR-20040051395-A (KR)
Title: Warning apparatus of hindrance in an oblique angle of a car
Inventor: CHOI SEUNG HO
IPC: B60Q9/00
Filed: 2002-12-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for warning obstacles on a blind spot of a vehicle is provided to secure a safe driving by sensing the obstacles on the blind spot with transmitting and receiving supersonic waves to the blind spot and warning the obstacles to drivers. CONSTITUTION: A device for warning obstacles on a blind spot of a vehicle is composed of an operating switch(50) for operating the device; supersonic wave sensor units(15,16) arranged to the predetermined positions of left and right sides of the vehicle to sense the obstacles by transmitting and receiving supersonic waves; a display unit(20) for displaying the sensed obstacles as a warning signal; a speaker unit(30) for warning the sensed obstacles as a warning sound; and a control unit(40) for displaying the warning signal to the display unit by receiving an electrical signal sent from the supersonic wave sensor unit to the conditions of the operation switch and outputting the warning sound by controlling the speaker unit.
Patent KR-20040053899-A (KR)
Inventor: BAEK HYEONG GWON
IPC: B60R19/02
Filed: 2002-12-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure of a side guard for a truck is provided to prevent the corrosion of side guard rails by inserting side guard plugs into both ends of under and upper side guard rails. CONSTITUTION: Two side guard stays(11) are vertically coupled to the bottom of a deck. Under and upper side guard rails(12,13) are horizontally installed at the side guard stays. Holders(14) fix the side guard stays to the side guard rails. Side guard plugs(15) are inserted into both ends of the under and upper side guard rails.
Patent KR-20040056572-A (KR)
Title: MgO-slurry composition of base coating on oriented silicon steel sheets
Inventor: CHO NAM UNG
IPC: C04B14/30
Filed: 2002-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is an MgO slurry composition for base-coating an oriented electric steel plate, which has a firm adhesion among particles and also between the particles and the base steel plate, therefore dose not form a surface defect when producing goods and improves quality when secondly processing. CONSTITUTION: The MgO slurry composition contains: 89.6-98.2wt% of MgO; 0.2-4.6wt% of one or two selected from Ca¬-, Ti¬-, V¬-, Cr¬-, Mn¬-, Fe¬-, Sr¬-, Co¬-, Zr¬- compounds; 0.012-10.2wt% of a single or composite oxide selected from Na¬-, K¬-, Ca¬-, Pb¬-, B¬-, Al¬-; 0.01-20pts.wt.(based on an MgO solid component of the MgO slurry) of a water-soluble inorganic resin selected from a water-soluble silicate, a metal polyphosphate, a metal alkoxide.
Patent KR-20040059233-A (KR)
Title: Multi-schumitt trigger circuit
Inventor: HA SANG HUN
IPC: H03K3/3565
Filed: 2002-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A multi-Schmitt trigger circuit is provided to change a hysteresis characteristic according to a variation of noise elements of input signals by turning on and turning off a plurality of transistors. CONSTITUTION: A multi-Schmitt trigger circuit includes an input/output unit and a hysteresis width control unit. The input/output unit(210) receives an external input signal from an input terminal and outputs a predetermined signal regardless of a variation of the external input signal. The hysteresis width control unit(220) provides the variable hysteresis width to output signals of the input/output unit according to plural external control signals. The input/output unit includes a first PMOS transistor, a second PMOS transistor, a first NMOS transistor, and a second NMOS transistor.
Patent KR-20040059743-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JIN HO
IPC: H01L23/12
Filed: 2002-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stacked semiconductor package is provided to easily perform a re-work even if a defect occurs in a semiconductor chip and improve product yield by inserting out-leads into a groove of an upper semiconductor package when at least two semiconductor chips are packaged so that a semiconductor package of a stacked structure can be fabricated. CONSTITUTION: The out-leads(220) to which a leadframe is vertically connected are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the outside of the semiconductor package, protruding to the outside of the package. A plurality of grooves(210) into which the out-leads are inserted are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the package, vertically connected to the leadframe.
Patent KR-20040060296-A (KR)
Title: A method for forming a self-aligned contact of a semiconductor device
Inventor: NAM SANG HYEOK
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 2002-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming an SAC(Self-Aligned Contact) of a semiconductor device is provided to prevent over-etching of an oxide spacer by forming a nitride layer on the oxide spacer. CONSTITUTION: The first and second insulating spacers(41,43) having different etching selectivity are formed at both sidewalls of gate electrodes. A landing plug(45) is formed between the gate electrodes. The first insulating spacer is partially removed. A nitride layer(47) is filled in the etched portion of the first insulating spacer. The first insulating spacer is made of an oxide layer.
Patent KR-20020022789-A (KR)
Title: Process for purifying 2-keto-l-gulonic acid
IPC: C07C51/47
Filed: 2000-07-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by continuous liquid chromatography using a weakly basic ion exchange resin.
Patent KR-20020022800-A (KR)
IPC: B08B9/02
Filed: 2000-08-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 복사원 조립체를 구비하는 유체 처리 시스템에 사용하기 위한 세정 장치에 관한 것으로서, 이 세정 장치는, 복사원 조립체(150)의 외부와 미끄럼 가능하게 결합되는 하나 이상의 세정 슬리브(300)와, 복사원 조립체(150) 외부의 일부와 접촉하도록 하나 이상의 세정 슬리브 내에 배치되어 세정액이 공급되며 세정 슬리브의 외부를 향한 개구(370)를 구비하는 세정 챔버와(310), 세정 슬리브의 외부와 개구 사이에 시일을 제공하도록 개구 내에 배치되고 자체를 가로지르는 압력 구배에 반응하여 이동 가능한 압력 평형화 부재(355)와, 복사원 조립체의 외부를 따라 하나 이상의 세정 슬리브를 병진시키는 구동 수단을 구비한다.  또한, 유체 처리 장치는 전술한 세정 장치를 구비한다.
Patent KR-20020050243-A (KR)
IPC: G05B19/418
Filed: 2000-10-13
Abstract: 피더 메커니즘(11), 프로그래밍 메커니즘(12), 전자 운전 메커니즘(13), 공기압 운전 메커니즘(18) 및 다수의 센서(80)를 제어하는 피더/프로그래밍/버퍼 오퍼레이팅 시스템(25)이 제공된다. 이 오퍼레이팅 시스템(25)은 프로그램가능 디바이스들을 프로그래밍하고, 피더/프로그래밍/버퍼 시스템(10)이 생산 어셈블리 시스템에 사실상 독립되게 하며, 따라서 생산 어셈블리 시스템의 요구사항들에 완전히 대응할 수 있도록 집적화될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020060984-A (KR)
IPC: C08K3/00
Filed: 2000-12-01
Abstract: 본 발명의 조성물은 실질적으로 랜덤한 인터폴리머(또는 이들과 기타 열가소성 물질과의 혼합물), 하나 이상의 난연제 화합물 및, 임의로, 하나 이상의 난연성 상승제를 포함한다.  할로겐 함량이 당해 구조물이 발포되었는지에 따라 수지 100부당 0.05 내지 50부(phr)이고 LOI 수치가 23% 산소 이상인 난연제 농도에 대해, 본 발명의 조성물은 이례적으로 압축 강도, 인성 및 탄성과 같은 바람직한 기계적 특성을 그대로 유지한다.
Patent KR-20020097163-A (KR)
IPC: G06F3/06
Filed: 2001-01-15
Abstract: In a first aspect, a system is provided that includes a first device that can store data and transfer data. The first device is capable of transferring data at a first rate, although the first device may transfer data at other rates. An intermediate storage location is coupled to the first device, and a second device is coupled to the first device and to the intermediate storage location. The second device includes a processor that is adapted to execute a computer program that requires data to be transferred to the processor at a second rate which is lower than the first rate. Computer program code is provided that can initiate the transfer of data at the first rate from the first device to the intermediate storage location and that can initiate the transfer of data at the second rate from the intermediate storage location to the processor.
Patent KR-20030010617-A (KR)
IPC: A23L1/164
Filed: 2001-05-08
Abstract: 본 발명은, 증가된 벌크 밀도를 제공하는 개선된 구조 및 기하학 형태 특징을 갖는 스낵 조각, 및 이러한 스낵 조각을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.     더 자세히는, 본 발명은 증가된 벌크 밀도를 제공하는 개선된 구조 및 기하학 형태 특징을 갖는 스낵 조각에 관한 것으로서, 이 스낵 조각은 포개진 배열로 배향된다.
Patent KR-20030014292-A (KR)
IPC: B65G21/06
Filed: 2001-07-03
Abstract: 컨베어어용 편향 장치로서, 하나 이상의 프로파일 부재(10)와 편향 장치(25)를 포함하며 프로파일 부재와 편향 장치에서 구동되는 연속 컨베이어 체인이 개시된다.  프로파일 부재는 편향 장치의 운동 방향으로 체인을 운동시키기 위한 제 1가이드(11, 11')와 편향 장치로부터 멀어지도록 체인을 운동시키기 위한 제 2가이드(12, 12')를 포함한다.  하나 이상의 편향 장치는 제 1 및 제 2 가이드에 능동적으로 연결가능한 한쌍의 상호 대향 벽 부재(25)상에 제 3가이드(26, 29, 40)를 가지며 체인의 운동 방향을 역전시키는 부품(30", 30")을 포함한다.  각 벽 부재는 일체형으로 구성되어 컨베이어의 양측상에서 가이드/슬라이드 부재에 스냅-인되기 위한 고정 장치(30)를 갖는다.
Patent KR-20030061357-A (KR)
Title: (메트)아크릴산의 에스테르의 제조방법
Inventor: DEKES F J M
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 2003-01-11
Abstract: 본 발명은 산성 (트란스)에스테르화 촉매의 존재하에서 1가 또는 다가 알콜과 (메트)아크릴산 또는 그의 에스테르 유도체의 (트란스)에스테르화에 의해서 (메트)아크릴산의 에스테르의 제조방법에 관한 것으로서, 
     (메트)아크릴산의 에스테르의 형성후에 하나 이상의 성분(들)과 잔류하는 산기를 반응시키는 것을 포함하고, 적어도 하나의 성분은 적어도 상기 촉매로 β-히드록시기를 갖지 않는 에스테르 화합물을 형성하거나 또는 아미드 화합물을 형성하며, 바람직하게 산성 (트란스)에스테르화 촉매과 반응하는 성분은 옥세탄 성분 또는 유도체, 오르토-에스테르 성분, 알콜 성분 또는 그의 특정 혼합물로 구성된 그룹에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20040065825-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI SEONG HO
IPC: H04N7/18
Filed: 2003-01-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for recording monitored data in a DVR(Digital Video Recorder) for monitoring is provided to selectively record or not to record audio voices or video images in a recording medium if the audio voices having the same patterns are repeatedly detected, thereby preventing the audio voices or the video images having the same patterns from being repeatedly recorded. CONSTITUTION: A DVR performs a series of monitoring operations(S10), and detects/compares patterns for audio voices detected/received through a microphone(S11). If the audio voices having the same patterns are repeatedly detected(S12), the DVR generates/outputs an announcement message(S13). If a user requests the same patterns not to be repeatedly recorded(S14), the DVR stores the audio voices in a specific area of a hard disk or a separate memory(S15). The DVR omits a recording operation not to repeatedly record video images related to the audio voices(S16). If a new audio voice is received/detected(S17), the DVR carries out a general recording operation(S18).
Patent KR-20040065921-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG SUK HYUNG
IPC: G05B19/18
Filed: 2003-01-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a CNC(Computer Numerical Control) of a woodworking machine is provided to improve compatibility by using a PC(Personal Computer) window. CONSTITUTION: A woodworking machine comprises a processing table(10), a cross feeding rail(20), a vertical feeding rail, a cutting post(40), and a tool bar(300). The cross feeding rail and the vertical feeding rail are installed over the processing table. The cutting post is provided and moved along with the cross feeding rail and the vertical feeding rail. The tool bar is provided on the cutting post. A cutting tool(400) is mounted on the tool bar. A software is selected using a PC window(500). A CNC program converter(600) converts a numerical control outputted from the selected software into a CNC program.
Patent KR-20040070390-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN GYEONG SU
IPC: B21B19/08
Filed: 2003-02-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for forming pipe connection part is provided which improves stiffness of the pipe and solidly connects the pipe to the other pipe by integrally forming a connection part of pipe and flange. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises a pipe supporting implement for fixing a pipe; a high frequency heating device for heating one side of the pipe; an upper die(31) on which an upper pipe receiving part(33) for supporting the outer surface of the pipe is formed, and in which an upper connection part receiving groove(35) for forming a connection part of the pipe is continuously formed on a front part of the upper pipe receiving part; a lower die(32) on which a lower pipe receiving part(34) for supporting the outer surface of the pipe by forming a cylindrical groove as a whole along with the upper pipe receiving part of the upper die is formed, and in which a lower connection part receiving groove(36) for forming a connection part of the pipe along with the upper connection part receiving groove is continuously formed on a front part of the lower pipe receiving part; a punch(40) for forming a connection part of the pipe by coming in and out of the connection part receiving grooves(35,36) of the die(30); and a press device(50) for moving the pressed punch by pressing the punch in a longitudinal direction of the pipe.
Patent KR-20040071789-A (KR)
Inventor: KOO CHEOL HWAN
IPC: G01M11/00
Filed: 2003-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a probe for testing a flat panel display, a probe thereby, and a probe assembly having the probe are provided to reduce a time required for a manufacturing process by simplifying the manufacturing process. CONSTITUTION: A first protrusion(12) and a second protrusion(16) faced to each other on one side of an upper surface of a reinforcement plate(10) are formed. The first protrusion(12) and the second protrusion(16) are formed by forming a central groove(16) along a longitudinal direction. A plurality of slits are connected to the central groove and formed. A needle(20) having a predetermined length is installed such that both end parts of the slits and the central groove are protruded to an outside of the reinforcement plate(10). The needle(20) is fixed to the reinforcement plate(10) through adhesion.
Patent KR-20030040237-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG SEUNG YONG
IPC: G06F9/455
Filed: 2003-02-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system for analyzing a pipeline network using an AI(Artificial Intelligence) technique is provided to systematically solve the knowledge lack problem of a field worker, and to efficiently operate the pipeline network for energy transportation by establishing a systematic supply plan. CONSTITUTION: The system comprises an expert system(10) and a pipeline network analysis system(20). The expert system(10) comprises a question/answer user interface(11), an inference engine(12) and a knowledge-base(13). The pipeline network analysis system(20) comprises a pipeline network analysis program(21) and an external system interface(22). The question/answer user interface(11) gets the information needed to perform the pipeline network analysis system(20) from the user through the plain question/answer, transfers the information to the inference engine(12), and outputs the result to the user. The inference engine(12) selects a proper rule by analyzing the question/answer contents and gets the information necessary for the pipeline network analysis system(20) from the knowledge-base(13).
Patent KR-20040073736-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN JAE UK
IPC: G06F1/16
Filed: 2003-02-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for locking an attachment is provided to separate the attachment from a main body by making a user easily catch the released attachment after releasing the lock of the attachment for the main body. CONSTITUTION: An attachment receiving part(34) receives the attachment(20) by being formed in the main body. A latching part(22) is installed to the attachment. A latch(40) is moved between an engaged position engaged to the latching part and a released position released from the latching part by having a latch hanging part(42) engaged with the latching part and horizontally sliding to a direction for inserting the attachment in the main body. A withdrawing tool upwardly withdraws the attachment to a vertical direction for the sliding direction of the latch when the engagement between the latching part and the latch hanging part is released.
Patent KR-20040074236-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG JAE MYEONG
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2003-02-17
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for calculating a hop of a mobile IP in an IP communication network is provided to use a path having a low price when calculating a routing cost, and to exactly calculate a hop, thereby reducing a delay time and preventing an MN(Mobile Node) from unstably transiting. CONSTITUTION: When an MN moves(600), the MN generates a distance measurement request message(610). An RAP(Regional Anchor Point) router accords an initial hop limit field value with an initial value of a hop limit field(612), and transmits the set value to an AR(Access Router) where the MN is located(612). If the MN moves to the AR, the MN sets the initial hop limit field value to be identical with the initial value of the hop limit field, and generates a distance measurement request message to transmit the message to the RAP(620). The RAP calculates a hop counter up to the RAP from the MN(622), and transmits the calculated hop counter value to the AR(624). The MN checks whether a distance up to the RAP satisfies a distance limitation(630). If so, the MN transmits a BU(Binding Update) message to the RAP(632).
Patent KR-20040075589-A (KR)
Inventor: HONG GUN YOUNG
IPC: A47H23/02
Filed: 2003-02-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A folding screen type pocket curtain is provided to absorb and isolate a noise by inserting a sound absorbing material and an acoustic isolating plate into pockets, thereby maintaining pleasant indoor atmosphere. CONSTITUTION: A pocket part(10) is formed of a plurality of pockets(12), having folded parts(11) in a vertical direction at regular gaps to be folded like a folding screen. A sound absorbing material(20) is inserted into the pockets for absorbing a noise. An acoustic isolating plate(30) is inserted into the sound absorbing material for isolating a noise. Connecting parts are installed at an upper part of the pocket part and are connected with a ceiling rail.
Patent KR-20040079118-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SEO HWA
IPC: C08L33/12
Filed: 2003-03-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A transparent poly(methyl methacrylate)/polycarbonate resin composition is provided to allow a poly(methyl methacrylate)/polycarbonate blend to be obtained by extrusion process only without additional polymerization process irrespective of the kind of polycarbonate. CONSTITUTION: The poly(methyl methacrylate)/polycarbonate resin composition comprises: 100 parts by weight of a resin component comprising 1-99 wt% of a poly(alkyl methacrylate) resin or a poly(alkyl acrylate) resin, and 1-99 wt% of a polycarbonate resin or a polyester carbonate resin; and optionally 0.00001-5 parts by weight of additives for reducing the molecular weight of the resin. Preferably the additives comprise a basic compound containing an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal; an amine compound or ammonium compound; and at least one compound selected from Lewis acids.
Patent KR-20040081622-A (KR)
Inventor: BYUN MOO WON
IPC: F16L58/02
Filed: 2003-03-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: An improved hume pipe and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to prevent the corrosion of a pipe body by forming an inorganic coating layer at the inner surface of the pipe body. CONSTITUTION: An improved hume pipe is composed of a pipe body(10), and an inorganic coating layer(20). The pipe is made of concrete, and has a water passage(10a) therein. The inorganic coating layer is made of liquid ceramic, and is integrally formed at the inner surface of the pipe body.
Patent KR-20040083618-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK NAM CHUL
IPC: A23L17/60
Filed: 2003-03-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A heating device of a laver roasting machine for roasting both sides of laver at a constant temperature while simultaneously coating the laver with edible oil is provided. It permits the uniform roasting of laver and prevents the excessive roasting while maintaining the characteristic reddish-purple color. CONSTITUTION: The heating device of a laver roasting machine comprises: two heating rollers(8,8') with several grooves(23) for roasting the edible oil-coated laver while preventing the laver from adhering to the surface of the heating roller; two driving gears(7,7') and a driven gear(7") for driving an oil roller(6) and two heating rollers; a heat-receiving part(10) installed at the end part of one side of a roller shaft(9,9') rotatably driven with the heating rollers to maintain the connection state with a connection terminal(1) which is connected to a power source; an edible oil tank(4) for storing edible oil and supplying to the oil roller; and an oil scraper(22) for receiving waste edible oil.
Patent KR-20040083748-A (KR)
Inventor: BAEK BAN SUK
IPC: C07K16/02
Filed: 2003-03-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for production of a complex-specific egg yolk(IgY) antibody containing various antibodies including anti-helicobacter pylori IgY, anti-salmonella enteritidis IgY and anti-staphylococcus aureus IgY is provided. Therefore, functional eggs containing water-soluble complex-specific IgY are produced to increase human health and develop health foods industry. CONSTITUTION: The method for production of a complex-specific egg yolk antibody(IgY) containing various antibodies comprises the steps of: preparing antigens including Helicobacter pylori antigen, Helicobacter pylori urease antigen, r-glutamyltranspeptidase antigen, vacuolating cytotoxin(VacA) antigen, catalase antigen, Salmonella enteritidis antigen, Staphylococcus aureus antigen, Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin antigen, and ETEC(enterotoxigenic E. coli) exotoxin antigen; administering the antigens into a 19 week-old laying hen, a 21 week-old laying hen and a 25 week-old laying hen, sequentially; and isolating IgY using ionic water of pH 3 to 6 or pH 9 to 11 with one or more of glucose, maltose, sucrose, sorbitol, trehalose and mannitol.