Patent GB-866767-A (GB)
Title: Process for fixing pigments on fibrous materials
IPC: F02B3/06
Filed: 1957-08-21
Abstract: A preparation for colouring fibrous material (see Group IV(c)) comprises (a) a pigment (b) a binding agent dissolved in an alkaline medium comprising a resinous alkali-soluble condensation product containing reactive carboxylic acid groups and obtained by reacting a polycarboxylic acid with a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol, (c) a compound containing at least 2 reactive ethylene imine radicals or their homologues or derivatives and (d) a water-soluble precondensation product derived from melamine or a phenol or urea or a derivative thereof, and an aldehyde.  Examples of (a) are titanium, zinc and iron oxides, carbon black (lamp black), ultramarine, lead colours, metal powders, e.g. bronze, p  brass, Cu, Al, vat dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and phthalocyanines, e.g. Cu phthalocyanine, highly chlorinated Cu phthalocyanine, the trans-form of the condensation product of naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid and o phenylene diamine, and the coupling product of tetraazotized 3 : 31-dichlorobenzidine and 2 mols of acetoacetylaminochlorohydroquinone ether. Examples of (b) are incompletely condensed reaction products of polyhydric alcohols and polyfunctional acids which are alkali-soluble owing to their content of free carboxyl groups, e.g. reaction products of phthalic anhydride and pentaerythritol or hexane triol 1 : 3 : 5; they are preferably in the form of salts with volatile bases such as NH3 or ethanolamines, and may be modified, e.g. with cetyl alcohol.  Examples of (c) are compounds of formula:- <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/1> in which R=a polyvalent aliphatic, isocyclic or heterocyclic radical, x=-NHCO-, -CO-, -SO2-, -OCO-, or -OCH2- or of formula:- <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/2> wherein R represents a polyvalent radical such as -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-, =PO-, =PS-, -(CH2)2NHCOCONH(CH2)2- or <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/3> or compounds of the formula:- <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/4> where R is a primary amine radical of various types, or is <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/5> where X is alkyl or cycloalkyl or cycloalkyl, and Y aryl or cycloalkyl, or is <FORM:0866767/IV (a)/6> where X is alkyl and Y is aryl or cycloalkyl, X and Y forming with N a heterocyclic ring.  A long list of such compounds is given, of which the following are used in the examples:-(1), (6) and (7) triethylene imine phosphine oxide; (5) a mixture of the previous compound and the corresponding sulphide; (2) phosphoric acidethylanilide-diethyleneimide; (3) phosphoric aciddiethylamide-diethyleneimide; and (4) phosphoric acidn-butylamidediethyleneimide.  Examples of (d) are a condensation product from partially etherified or non-etherified methylol compounds of urea, alkylated ureas, phenols, alkyl phenols, or melamine with an aldehyde, e.g. tetramethylolacetylene diurea, the reaction product of melamine, ethylene glycol and formaldehyde, hexamethylol-melamine partially etherified with methanol and hexamethylol melamine.  Optional additives include:-(i) Natural or synthetic latices, e.g. butadiene/acrylonitrile (Example 3), butyl acrylate/vinyl chloride (Example 4) and polyvinyl acetate (Example 6); (ii) High molecular weight thickening agents, e.g. NH4 caseinate, Na alginate, vegetable mucilages, carob bean flour, dextrin, cellulose ether boxylic acids, salts of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol; (iii) Aqueous emulsions of waterinsoluble organic solvents, e.g. benzine, Diesel oil, toluene, xylol, aliphatic hydrocarbons of b.p. 180 DEG -230 DEG C., benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons and oil of turpentine, with proteins or alkyl aryl polyglycol ethers as emulsifiers; (iv) Ammonium thiocyanate is added in Example (1).  German Specification 854,651 also is referred to.ALSO:Fibrous materials or films are dyed or printed with an aqueous bath or paste containing (1) an organic or inorganic pigment, (2) an aqueous alkaline solution of a resinous polycarboxylic acid-polyhydric alcohol condensation product containing reactive carboxyl groups, (3) a compound containing at least two reactive ethylene imine radicals and (4) a water-soluble precondensation product derived from melamine, a phenol, or urea (or derivative thereof) and an aldehyde, the dyed or printed material being finally dried and heated.  Suitable pigments are titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, carbon black, ultramarine, metal powders, vat dyestuffs, azodyestuffs and phthalocyanines.  Examples of ingredient (3) are compounds of formula <FORM:0866767/IV(c)/1> in which R = a polyvalent aliphatic, isocyclic or heterocyclic radical, x=-NHCO-, -CO-, -SO2-, -OCO- or -OCH2- or of formula:  <FORM:0866767/IV(c)/2> wherein R represents a polyvalent radical such as -CO-, -SO2-, -SO-,=PO-,=PS-, -(CH2)2NH CO CO NH(CH2)2-or <FORM:0866767/IV(c)/3> specified compounds being the reactions products of 3 mols. of ethylene imine with phosphorus oxychloride or thiochloride or phosphine oxide.  Other examples are phosphoric acid-n-butylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid -iso-hexylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid isooctylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid decylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid cyclohexylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid N-methyl cyclohexylamide dichloride, phosphoric acid ethylanilide dichloride, phosphoric acid tetrahydroquinolide dichloride, butyl phosphonic acid dichloride, isohexyl phosphonic acid dichloride, decyl phosphonic acid dichloride, phenyl phosphonic acid dichloride or cyclohexyl phosphonic acid dichloride.  The aqueous bath or paste may also contain a natural or synthetic latex, e.g. butadiene, acrylic ester or vinyl ester, or thickeners such as alginates, vegetable mucilages, carob bean flour, dextrin, cellulose ether carboxylic acids, salts of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl alcohol, or an oil-in-water emulsion of a water-insoluble organic solvent, e.g. benzine, Diesel oil, toluene, xylol and chlorinated hydrocarbons.  Paper, natural, or regenerated cellulose, acetyl-cellulose, animal fibres and fibres of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, glass fibres, asbestos fibres, leather, and artificial leather may be treated.  The fibrous material may first be padded with an oxidation dyestuff and then printed with the pigment composition, or a coupling component may be applied followed by an addition of a pigment printing paste containing a stable diazo compound; alternatively, mixtures of stabilized diazo compounds and naphtholates or a sulphuric acid leuco ester of a vat dyestuff may be included in the paste, the final steaming operation serving to develop these additional dyestuffs.  Examples describe the padding of fabrics of viscose and acetate rayon, polyester, viscose/staple fibre mixture, and cotton/staple fibre mixture, the alkyd resins employed being those obtained by condensing 1 : 3 : 5 hexane riol with phthalic anhydride and pentaerythritol with phthalic acid.  Other additives to the baths or pastes employed in the examples are ammonium caseinate, ammonium thiocyanate and triethanolamine.  German Specification 854,651 is referred to.