Patent GB-1159148-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Analog Spectrum Accumulators
Inventor: BRANDSTADTER ISAAC JOSEPH
IPC: H03D1/04
Filed: 1965-10-29
Abstract: 1,159,148. Gyro-magnetic resonance spectrometers. YISSUM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CO. OF THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM. Oct. 28, 1966 [Oct. 29, 1965], No.45810/65. Heading G1N. [Also in Division G5] Analogue spectrum accumulator apparatus for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of a recurring signal comprises: (a) accumulating means for producing an output signal representative of the total of signals applied to first and second input terminals thereof; (b) input means for successively applying an input signal to the first input terminal of the accumulating means; and (c) feedback means responsive to the output signal of the accumulating means for applying the output signal to the second input terminal of the accumulating means in an additive sense as a successive input signal is applied to the first input terminal by the input means. In a simple form Fig. 1 (not shown), a closed loop of magnetic tape, a drum, or the like, passes in succession under a reading head, and erasing head and a recording head. The signal from the reading head passes through a gain control means to the second input terminal of an analogue adding unit. The signal to be accumulated is fed from an input signal generating device through an attenuator simultaneously to the first input terminal of the adding unit. The output of the adding unit is fed to the recording head. After a sufficient number of passes of the recording medium, the output of the gain control means is switched to a readout unit connected to a recorder or other display means. The readout unit may be connected in the loop to provide continuous monitoring. As shown, storage device 10 is a dual-track closed-loop magnetic tape whose upper run travels from right to left. The input generator 26 may be an electron paramagnetic resonance or a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The signal is passed through an attenuator 28 to a chopper synchroverter 38 whose working frequency is chosen so high that the input signal, in relation to it, is a quasi-D.C. signal. The A.C. signal from the chopper synchroverter 38, after passing through low-pass filter 40, appears at a first input terminal 30 of the adder 24 as a sine wave whose amplitude is proportional to the instantaneous D. C. value of the signal. The resulting output at 32 from adder 24 is fed to recording head 12 which utilizes track 1 of the tape. The recording is read by head 16 and passed through switch 20 and gain control means 18 to the second input 22 of the adder 24. Meanwhile the recording is erased by head 14 so that the information next recorded by head 12 is the addition of the feedback signal at 22 and the next input signal at 30. Synchronism between the inputs to adder 24 is ensured by the further circuitry to be described. A "Synchronizing" signal having the frequency chosen for the chopper synchroverter 38 is generted at 48, preferably amplitude-modulated non- linearly, and recorded on track 11 of the tape by auxiliary head 42. Generation of this signal is stopped and switch 50 is moved to the solid line position shown just as the beginning of the signal record reaches an auxiliary reading head 44 so that the "useful length" of track 11 from A leftwards to B is completely filled. The leading edge of this synchronizing signal is fed by head 44 through a pre-amplifier 51 and thence both to a gain control means 54 and to a separator 52. From the gain control means the signal passes through switch 50 for re-recording at 42; from the terminal 58 of separator 52, a sawtooth D.C. component is fed to the input generator 26 to synchronize generation of the signal with the arrival of the feedback signal at the second input terminal 22 of adder 24. The A. C. component is used after amplification to drive the chopper synchroverter 38 so that the latter will pass the spectrum run just generated at 26 to the adder 24 for recording. Thus the first, and each subsequent, spectrum run is inscribed in track 1 simultaneously and in phase with the synchronizing signal in track 11. Finally the accumulated signal is fed, by throwing switch 20, into the readout demodulator 59, with the signal-to-noise ratio substantially increased. If continuous monitoring of the accumulating signal is required the readout device may be made a part of the feedback loop. If subtraction of a steady background spectrum is required, the phase of the chopper synchroverter is inverted, in which case the adder 24 will perform subtraction in place of addition. The adder 24 may be a simple analogue device Fig. 4, (not shown). In Fig. 5, '(not shown) the gain control means 54 is of the automatic type: the synchronizing signal, read by an additional head (70), is passed to a first input (72) of a comparator (74); the second input (76) of the comparator (74) receives the synchronizing signal read by the previouslyprovided head 44. The comparator (74) produces an error signal at its output (78) which is representative of the discrepancy between the signals read by heads (70) and 44 respectively: such error signal is applied to a variable-gain amplifier (80), the gain of which is increased or decreased in accordance with the magnitude and phase of the error signal developed by the comparator (74). The output of the variable-gain amplifier (80) is fed to the previously-provided auxiliary recording head 42. The tape 10 may be replaced by a drum.