Patent GB-629093-A (GB)
Title: Curing polymerizable materials
IPC: C08F4/32
Filed: 1946-05-25
Abstract: <FORM:0629093/IV (a)/1> Substances having a plurality of unconjugated double bonds are polymerized in thick sections by heating at below 180 DEG  F. in the presence of an organic peroxide or ozonide, and a cobalt, iron, copper or manganese drier, the inhibitory effect of oxygen present at the surface being counteracted by the metallic drier.  The thick section may comprise plies of inert materials.  The polymerizable substances specified are diallyl, -crotyl, -methallyl, -alpha methyl allyl, -beta chloroallyl, -beta methyl crotyl esters of maleic, chloromaleic, bromomaleic, fumaric, chlorofumaric, bromofumaric, mesaconic, citraconic, itaconic, carbonic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, az<\>gelaic, sebacic, benzene-, diphenyl-, cyclohexane- or naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, or pyrotartaric acid.  Other compounds which can be so polymerized are of the formul  in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, in which F stands for an acrylic, methacrylic or a -chloracrylic acid group, B stands for a methylene, methyl methylene or phenylene group.  Ru stands for an allyl, crotyl, a -methyl allyl, b -methyl allyl, b -chloro-allyl or b -methyl crotyl group, Du stands for a maleic, chloromaleic, bromomaleic, fumaric, chloro- and bromofumaric, mesaconic, citraconic or itaconic acid group, Rs stands for a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec. butyl or tert. butyl alcohol group, D stands for all the di-basic acids listed above, E stands for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene-, pentamethylene-, hexamethylene-, heptamethylene-, octamethylene-glycols, and diethylene-, triethylene- and tetraethylene-glycols, and o-, m- or p-dihydroxybenzene.  Driers specified are cobalt, iron, copper and manganese naphthenates, resinates, linoleates or salts of other unsaturated acids.  Peroxides and ozonides specified are benzoyl, succinyl, acetyl, toluyl, p-bromobenzoyl, anisoyl, chloroacetyl and furoyl peroxides, peracetic and perbenzoic acids, di-isopropylene ozonide, and diisobutylene ozonide.  Inhibitors such as hydroquinone, pyrogallol, tannic acid, aniline or phenylene diamine may be employed.  When polyesters are to be polymerized excess polyhydric alcohol may be used and the excess hydroxy groups in the ester may be reacted with phosgene, acetyl chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, succinyl or benzoyl chlorides or silicon tetrachloride, or tetramethylene-, or octamethylene-di-isocyanate or phenyl isocyanate.  An excess of polybasic acid may also be used when excess acidic groups may be reacted with a metallic base or with a monohydric alcohol or with an amine such as butylamine, aniline or phenylene diamine.  If both free hydroxy and carboxy groups are present in the polyester successive reagents, as set out above, may be used.  Styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate or methyl acrylate may be used in conjunction with an unsaturated polyester.  The substance to be polymerized may be used as a binder for laminated canvas or the like, or may be whipped into a foam to give, on polymerizing, a porous product. Specification 540,168 is referred to.