Patent GB-727467-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to capillary active compositions containing sodium alkylsulphates or alkylated aryl sulphonates
Inventor: GARNER PHILIP JAMES
IPC: C11D3/20
Filed: 1951-08-10
Abstract: Liquid capillary active compositions which remain clear at a temperature between -10 DEG  C. and +10 DEG  C. comprise an aqueous solution containing a sodium alkyl sulphate or a sodium alkyl aryl sulphonate and not more than 25 per cent by weight, based on the "active material" present in the composition, of a hydroxyl compound containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule and which is either an aliphatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups or an aromatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups in the aromatic nucleus, which hydroxyl compound is mutually soluble in water at a temperature between -10 DEG  C. and +10 DEG  C. in conjunction with the other components of the composition.  The sodium alkyl sulphates and alkyl aryl sulphonates may be used in conjunction with potassium or ammonium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates and the total alkyl sulphate or alkyl aryl sulphonate present is referred to above as the "active material."  Cations other than sodium may also be present to improve the stability of the surface-active solution. The aliphatic and aromatic hydroxy compounds may be utilized in aqueous solution containing 3 to 65 per cent of active material and inorganic salts usually sodium sulphate. Reference is made to stabilizing solutions containing 21 to 45 per cent active material, by replacing 5 to 10 per cent of the active material by hydroxyl compound.  In examples: (1) solutions containing C8-18 sec.-alkyl sodium sulphates and sodium sulphate have their clear-point of 14.5 DEG  C. reduced to 10 DEG  C. or lower by means of the diols pentane diol-1 : 2 to octanediol-1 : 2 inclusive, decanediol- 1 : 2, undecanediol-1 : 2 or mono-sec.-butyl glyceryl ether; (2) similar solutions containing also potassium C8-18 sec.-alkyl sulphates of clear points from -1 DEG  C. to 11.25 DEG  C. have these clear points reduced to from -15 DEG  C. to +5 DEG C. respectively by additions of hydroxyl compounds which include in addition to some of the above, catechol and n-butyl, n-octyl and n-iso-nonyl mono-glyceryl ethers; (3) a solution as in (1) containing also ammonium sulphate has its clear point reduced from 2.5 DEG  C. to 1 DEG  C. by means of undecane 1 : 2-diol.  According to the Provisional Specification, the aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates are caused to remain clear at low temperature by addition of any compound having two vicinal hydroxy groups, no upper limit of proportion being stated, and cycloaliphatic compounds of this type and styrene glycol are referred to. Specifications 629,139, [Group III], and 646,827, [Group IV (b)], are referred to.ALSO:Liquid capillary active compositions which remain clear at a temperature between -10 DEG  and +10 DEG  C. comprise an aqueous solution containing a sodium alkyl sulphate or a sodium alkyl aryl sulphonate and not more than 25 per cent by weight, based on the "active material" present in the composition, of a hydroxyl compound containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule and which is either an aliphatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups or an aromatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups in the aromatic nucleus, which hydroxyl compound is mutually soluble in water at a temperature between -10 DEG  C. and +10 DEG  C. in conjunction with the other components of the composition.  The sodium alkyl sulphates and alkyl aryl sulphonates may be used in conjunction with potassium or ammonium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates and the total alkyl sulphate or alkyl aryl sulphonate present is referred to above as the "active material."  Cations other than sodium may also be present to improve the stability of the surface-active solution. The aliphatic and aromatic hydroxy compounds may be utilized in aqueous solution containing 3 to 65 per cent of active material, and inorganic salts usually sodium sulphate. Reference is made to stabilizing solutions containing 21 to 45 per cent active material by replacing 5 to 10 per cent of the active material by hydroxyl compound.  In examples: (1) solutions containing C8-18 sec.-alkyl sodium sulphates and sodium sulphate have their clear-point of 14.5 DEG  C. reduced to 10 DEG  C. or lower by means of the diols pentanediol-1 : 2 to octanediol-1 : 2 inclusive, decanediol-1 : 2, undecanediol-1 : 2 or mono-sec.-butyl glyceryl ether; (2) similar solutions containing also potassium C8-18 sec.-alkyl sulphates of clear points from -1 DEG C to 11.25 DEG C. have these clear points reduced to from -15 DEG  C. to +5 DEG  C. respectively, by additions of hydroxyl compounds which include in addition to some of the above, catechol and n-butyl, n-octyl and n-iso-nonyl mono-glyceryl ethers; (3) a solution as in (1) containing also ammonium sulphate has its clear point reduced from 2.5 DEG  to 1 DEG  C. by means of undecane 1 : 2-diol. According to the Provisional Specification, the aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates are caused to remain clear at low temperature by addition of any compound having two vicinal hydroxy groups, no upper limit of proportion being stated, and cycloaliphatic compounds of this type and styrene glycol are referred to.  Specifications 629,139, [Group III], and 646,827 are referred to.ALSO:Liquid cleansing compositions which remain clear at a temperature between -10 DEG  C. and + 10 DEG  C. comprise an aqueous solution containing a sodium alkyl sulphate or a sodium alkyl aryl sulphonate and not more than 25 per cent by weight, based on the "active material" present in the composition, of a hydroxyl compound containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule and which is either an aliphatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups or an aromatic compound containing two free vicinal hydroxyl groups in the aromatic nucleus, which hydroxyl compound is mutually soluble in water at a temperature between -10 DEG  C. and + 10 DEG  C. in conjunction with the other components of the composition.  The sodium alkyl sulphates and alkyl aryl sulphonates may be used in conjunction with potassium or ammonium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates and the total alkyl sulphate or alkyl aryl sulphonate present is referred to above as the "active material."  Cations other than sodium may also be present to improve the stability of the surface-active solution. The aliphatic and aromatic hydroxy compounds may be utilized in aqueous solution containing 3 to 65 per cent of active material, and inorganic salts usually sodium sulphate.  Reference is made to stabilizing solutions containing 21 to 45 per cent active material by replacing 5 to 10 per cent of the active material by hydroxyl compound.  In Examples: (1) solutions containing C8-18 sec. alkyl sodium sulphates and sodium sulphate have their clear-point of 14.5 DEG  C. reduced to 10 DEG  C. or lower by means of the diols, pentane diol-1 : 2 to octanediol-1 : 2 inclusive, decanediol-1 : 2, undecanediol-1 : 2 or mono -sec.-butyl glyceryl ether; (2) similar solutions containing also potassium C8-18 sec.-alkyl sulphates of clear points from-1 DEG  C. to 11.25 DEG  C. have these clear points reduced to from -15 DEG  C. to +5 DEG  C. respectively by additions of hydroxyl compounds which include in addition to some of the above, catechol and n-butyl, n-octyl and n-iso-nonyl mono glyceryl ethers; (3) a solution as in (1) containing also ammonium sulphate has its clear point reduced from 2.5 DEG  C. to 1 DEG  C. by means of undecane 1 : 2-diol.  According to the Provisional Specification, the aqueous solutions of sodium alkyl sulphates or alkyl aryl sulphonates are caused to remain clear at low temperature by addition of any compound having two vicinal hydroxy groups, no upper limit of proportion being stated, and cycloaliphatic compounds of this type and styrene glycol are referred to.  Specifications 629,139 and 646,827, [Group IV (b)], are referred to.