Patent EA-001261-B1 (EA)
Title: Method of extinguising fire and a fire-extinguishing system
Inventor: BELYAKOV VLADIMIR IVANOVICH
IPC: A62D1/00
Filed: 1997-03-14
Abstract: 1. The method of extinguishing a fire, involving the preparation of a fire-extinguishing composition which contains an oxidant and fuel-binder, the placement of the composition in the area of the seat of the fire, the initiation of a sustainable fuel oxidizing reaction which produces combustion products in a finely dispersed aerosol form, and then allowing the aerosol medium to act on the seat of the fire, characterized in that, in the immediate area of the fuel oxidation reaction, the level of toxins in the aerosol products of the composition's combustion is reduced and, simultaneously, the equilibrium temperature for the complete oxidation of the fuel-binder combustion products is lowered. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the level of toxins in the aerosol products of the composition's combustion is reduced by introducing a reagent promoting a reduction in the equilibrium temperature of the full oxidation reaction of the fuel binder's combustion products. 3. The method according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that the aerosol products of the composition's combustion, prior to action on the seat of the fire, are cooled outside the area of the fuel oxidation reaction. 4. The method according to claims 1, 3, characterized in that a part of the aerosol products of the composition's combustion is fed into supplementary fire-extinguishing means to force a fire-extinguishing agent in the form of liquid, gas, or powder out of reservoirs containing such agents so that this agent is fed into the seat of the fire. 5. The method according to claims 2, 4, characterized in that, for the reagent promoting a reduction in the equilibrium temperature of the full oxidation reaction of the fuel-binder combustion products, the thermal disintegration products of the low-energy supplementary fuel which is introduced into the fuel-binder at the composition preparation stage are used. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the combustion products of various carbolic acid derivatives, as well as mixtures thereof with polymers. resins, and elastomers which are introduced into the fuel-binder at the composition preparation stage in the form of individual components and mixtures thereof are used additionally. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is used as the carbolic acid derivative. 8. The method according to claims 5, 6, 7, characterized in that the low-carbon and carbon-free polynitrogen compounds or organic or inorganic azides are used as the low-energy supplementary fuel. 9. The method according to claims 8, characterized in that azodicarbonate, guanidine, dicyanodiamide, melon, melamine, urea, urotropin, azobisformamide, semicarbazide. dihydroglyoxime, tetrazole, ditetrazole, and their derivatives, or salts thereof or blends are used as the low-carbon and carbon-free polynitrogen compounds. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that nitrates or perchlorates of alkali metals are used as the oxidant. 11. The fire-extinguishing compound consisting of the oxidant, fuel-binder, and additives, characterized in that it includes the supplementary fuel promoting reduction in the equilibrium temperature of complete oxidation of the fuel-binder combustion products, the components being used in the following ratio, mas. %: fuel-binder 1.5 to 1.8 supplementary fuel 3.0 to 25 additives 0.5 to 10 oxidant the remainder. 12. The compound according to claim 11, characterized in that it contains the carbolic acid derivatives, polymers, resins, and elastomers, and blends thereof, as the fuel-binder. 13. The compound according to claim 12, characterizing in that it contains 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as the carbolic acid derivative. 14. The compound according to claims 11, 12, 13, characterized in that it contains low-energy fuel as a supplementary fuel. 15. The compound according to claim 14, characterized in that it contains the low carbon or carbon-free polynitrogen compounds or organic or inorganic azides as the low-energy fuel. 16. The compound according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains azodicarbonate, guanidine, dicyanodiamide, melon, melamine, urea, urotropin, azobisformamide. semicarbazide, dihydroglyoxime, tetrazole, ditetrazole, and their derivatives, or salts thereof as the low-carbon and carbon-free polynitrogen compounds. 17. The compound according to claim 16, characterized in that it contains nitrates or perchlorates of alkali metals as the oxidant. 18. The compound according to claims 11, 17, characterized in that it contains metals such as aluminum and magnesium in the form of individual components, or blends thereof or alloys, as the additives. 19. The compound according to claim 18, characterized in that the alloys of aluminum and magnesium include additionally the metals of 1st and 2nd groups, copper, iron, and metal hydrides. 20. The compound according to claim 19, characterizing in that it contains additionally the catalytic and processing additives. 21. The compound according to claim 20, characterizing in that the catalytic additives include oxides of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, chromium. 22. A fire-extinguishing system including a reactor for placing the fire-extinguishing composition consisting of the oxidant and the fuel-binder, the ignition-initiating composition, producing combustion products in the form of a finely dispersed aerosol acting on the seat of the fire, characterized in that it is provided using means installed in the reactor and intended to reduce the level of toxins in the area of the composition's combustion, and said ignition is implemented so as to be in thermodynamic interaction with the seat of fire and thereby to ignite the composition automatically in cases of ambient temperature increases caused by fire. 23. The system according to claim 22, characterized in that said means for reducing the level of toxins in the area of the composition's combustion are implemented in the form of a reactive-type reactor component which promotes a reduction in the equilibrium temperature for the complete oxidation of the fuel-binder combustion products. 24. The system according to claims 23, 24, characterized in that it is equipped with the means for cooling the aerosol products of the composition's combustion prior to their action on the seat of fire, with arranging these cooling means outside the area of the fuel oxidation reaction. 25. The system according to claims 22, 24, characterized in that it is equipped with the means for feeding a part of the aerosol products of the composition's combustion into the supplementary fire-extinguishing means to force a fire-extinguishing agent in the form of liquid, gas, or powder out of the reservoirs containing such agents so that this agent is fed into the seat of the fire. 26. The system according to claims 23, 24, 25, characterized in that it includes low-energy supplementary fuel as its reactive-type reactor component. 27. The system according to claim 26, characterized in that it includes additionally the carbolic acid derivatives, polymers, resins, elastomers, or blends thereof. 28. The system according to claim 27, characterized in that it includes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as the carbolic acid derivatives. 29. The system according to claims 26, 27, 28 characterized in that it includes low-carbon and carbon-free polynitrogen compounds or organic or inorganic azides as the low-energy supplementary fuel. 30. The system according to claim 29, characterized in that it includes azodicarbonate, guanidine, dicyanodiamide, melon, melamine, urea, urotropin, azobisformamide, semicarbazide, dihydroglyoxime, tetrazole, ditetrazole, and derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, as the low-carbon and carbon-free polynitrogen compounds.