baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-412710-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture or treatment of cellulose esters
IPC: C08B3/06
Filed: 1933-03-14
Abstract: Cellulose tri-acetate or other tri-ester is obtained by esterifying cellulose with acetic anhydride or an homologue thereof in the presence of a non-solvent for the ester, the amount of acetic anhydride being not more than 110 per cent and not less than 100 per cent of the quantity theoretically necessary, and the esterification being carried out in the absence of a solvent for the cellulose ester other than the anhydride itself or the acetic acid &c. normally present in the anhydride or formed by reaction between the anhydride and water present in the cellulose and the other constituents of the reaction mixtures.  A catalyst preferably in small amount, is employed, for example under 10 per cent of the weight of the cellulose, especially from about 0,5 to 5 per cent.  Such quantities are of especial value with strong mineral acid catalysts, such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid and sodium bisulphate.  Other catalysts such as zinc chloride, sulphuryl chloride, ferric chloride and stannic chloride may also be employed.  Suitable non-solvents are benzene, carbon tetrachloride, isopropyl ester and ethyl ether; and the non-solvent is preferably present in large quantity for example from 300--1000 per cent of the weight of the cellulose.  The starting materials are cotton, linters, paper or pulp which may be subjected to the purifying process of Specification 249,173, [Class 2 (ii)], fibres, yarns, fabrics &c. of cotton or other cellulosic fibres may also be used; and the materials before esterification may be subjected to any form of pretreatment adapted to increase their reactivity, for example, pretreatment with organic acids in liquid or vapour form.  The esterification is preferably carried out at temperatures below 40 DEG  C., for example, at between 15--25 DEG  C. The after-hydrolysis of the cellulose ester may also be carried out in suspension, in which case there should be present a swelling agent or solvent for the ester, for example, acetic acid, thiocyanates or acetone.  In examples, linters are pretreated with acetic anhydride, then acetylated by the addition of a further quantity of acetic anhydride, together with carbon tetrachloride and a small quantity of sulphuric acid; the cellulose acetate obtained is ripened with the addition of glacial acetic acid, water, and a further quantity of sulphuric acid, either in one stage or in two stages, or with the addition of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and acetone.
Patent GB-427794-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in gilling machines and drawing machines for the treatment of fibrous material
IPC: D01H13/04
Filed: 1933-07-29
Abstract: 427,794. Sliver-balling apparatus of gill-boxes, drawing-frames, &c. PLATT BROS. & CO., Ltd., Hartford Works, Oldham, and HUGHES, J., 903, Oldham Road, Rochdale. July 29, 1933, No. 7766/35. Divided out of 426,476. [Class 120 (i)] In a gill-box, intersecting gill-box, worsted drawing-frame, or like machine the slide or bar 111 which carries or reciprocates a surface roller 131, or rollers, or a travelling apron or creeper for use in winding slivers into balls or rolls is provided or formed with a plate 112 having arms 113, 114 forming a slideway 115 for the slide block 118 of a crank pin 116 adjustable radially on a crank plate 117 and driven from a shaft 125 by gearing comprising worm gears 123, 124 spur gears 126 .. 130 and eccentric wheels 121, 122 the latter being fast respectively with the toothed wheels 128, 130 and the wheel 129 being connected to the crank pin 116. The wheel 129 is twice the diameter of the wheel 130 so that the speed of the crank 116 shall be made to increase or decrease twice per revolution. The slots or holes 136, 137, 140, 141, 146 .. 149 for mounting the various gear members are disposed symmetrically on the mounting plate 119 so that the parts may be applied at one side or the other as found convenient. Specification 20594/01, [Class 120], is referred to.
Patent GB-348278-A (GB)
Title: Electric time switch
IPC: G04F1/00
Filed: 1930-03-11
Abstract: 348,278. Retractive switches. FRIEDINGER, A., F³rstenfeldbruck, near Munich, and MONHEIT, H., 29, Balanstrasse, Munich, Germany. March 11, 1930, No. 7888. [Class 38 (v).] Retarding. -A switch, adapted to close a circuit for a predetermined short time, comprises a pivoted contact 15 adapted to be pressed by a spring into engagement with a fixed contact 14 but normally held out of engagement b y the collar 5 of a weighted head 4 of a piston 2 pressing upon a lug 17 of the contact 15. To operate the switch the piston is raised a predetermined distance by a handle and then allowed to fall, the rate of fall being determined by the weight of the piston and the clearance between it and the walls of the cylinder 1. One from of handle is shown in Fig. 2 and comprises a longitudinally-moving slider 19 the forked end of which embraces the collar 5 and which may be moved into any predetermined position on a scale, carrying the piston with it, and either left there, if it is desired to leave the contacts 14, 15 permanently engaged, or moved back again to its lowest position the piston then following slowly. The handle may also comprise a spring-controlled pushbutton or lever (Fig. 7, not shown), or a rotatable cam (Fig. 8, not shown). The cylinder 1 may have longitudinal grooves 25, 26, 27 arranged at its ends and at intermediate points corresponding to the various setting positions of the piston, to prevent the piston springing back when it is set, the piston having grooves 28 co-operating with the other grooves to allow air to slip by at these positions.
Patent GB-143349-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to railway and tramway rail chairs
IPC: E01B9/54
Filed: 1919-03-29
Abstract: 143,349. Thomas, T. H. J., and Abbott, T. March 29, 1919. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Chairs with fixed jaws; tie-bars.-Mild-steel chairs A, Fig. 3, for flange rails are drop-stamped and pressed, and provided with a recess B to receive a flat tie-bar C which is secured to the chair by a rivet D. The Provisional Specification describes also a rail chair, Fig. 2, of usual type, made from mild steel by drop-stamping and pressing.
Patent GB-1087407-A (GB)
Title: A silo for pasty or powdered material and installations making use thereof
IPC: B28C1/12
Filed: 1966-02-24
Abstract: 1,087,407. Hoppers. POLYSIUS S.A.R.L. Feb. 24, 1966 [Feb. 25, 1965], No. 8137/66. Heading B8A. Paste from filter press 22 falls into hopper 5 and is discharged therefrom by screw 7 driven by motor 11 (not shown), through gear 10. Screw 7 is carried bodily by carriage 16 which is reciprocated by gears 14 driven by motor 15 and engaging with racks 14a. In this way screw 7 is moved from end to end of hopper 15 to discharge the paste on to conveyer 19. Screw 7 is likewise provided for hopper 6. Each screw may be a twin screw.
Patent GB-793667-A (GB)
Title: Control valves more particularly for power-assisted steering
IPC: B62D5/083
Filed: 1956-03-15
Abstract: 793,667. Valves. TEVES, H., and TEVES, E. A., [trading as TEVES MASCHINENUND ARMATURENFABRIK KOMM-GES., A.]. March 15, 1956 [April 9, 1955], No. 8156/56. Class 135. [Also in Group XXXI] A vehicle steering-box has an integral valve block 1, Fig. 1, within which is the steering shaft 2 having a valve disc 3 splined thereon, the disc 3 being arranged between the flange 4 of a shaft 8, rotatably mounted on the shaft 2, and a thrust member 6 secured to the flange 4 by bolts 5 passing through holes in the disc 3 that are of greater diameter than the bolts. The shaft 8 carries the steering worm-gear 7. With the steering-wheel in the neutral position the disc 3 is spaced from the flange 4 so that pressure fluid entering a passage 11 passes to a reservoir through a port 17 via an annular channel 12 and passages 13 in the shaft 8, ports 14 in the upper surface of the flange 4, the space between the latter and the disc 3 and a chamber 16. Upon clockwise rotation of the steering-wheel the disc 3 firstly rotates relatively to the flange 4 and member 6 so causing balls 10 between the disc 3 and member 6 to ride up the inclined surfaces of recesses 9 in the latter and urge the disc 3 to seat upon the flange 4. Fluid in ports 14 then flows through arcuate grooves 15 in the disc 3 to ports in the flange 4, adjacent one side of the ports 14, from which it travels via an outlet passage 20 to one of the working cylinders, not shown, connected to the steering arm, whilst radial grooves in the disc 3 coincide with other ports in the flange to connect a second working cylinder to the reservoir by way of a passage 21 and chamber 16. When the clearance between the bolts 5 and disc 3 has been taken up the parts 4, 6, 7 and 8 will rotate as one with the disc 3 and shaft 2. Counter-clockwise movement of the steering-wheel causes the second working cylinder to receive pressure fluid and the first cylinder to be exhausted. In a modification, the thrust member is dispensed with and the steering shaft 33, Fig. 6, enters from the top of the casing; the grooves 15, Fig. 1, are replaced by arcuate bushes. Relative motion between the disc 30, Fig. 6, and flange 31 displaces hemispherically ended pins 32 in a vertical direction to draw the disc toward the flange until the bushes seat upon the latter. In another modification, the disc 48, Fig. 7, is fixed to a spider 47 riveted to an annular member 45 splined to the steering shaft 44; balls in the spider 47 engage tapered recesses in the disc 48 and a thrust member 43 secured to the flange 40 of the worm-carrying shaft 41 by a sleeve 42.
Patent GB-470934-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engine valves
IPC: F01L3/24
Filed: 1936-03-19
Abstract: 470,934. Valves. STANDARD VALVES, Ltd., and POWER, J. C. March 19, 1936, No. 8213. [Class 7 (vi)] [Also in Group XXII] The known shroud for protecting the stems of valves is keyed to the stem by means which involve only grooving the valve spindle, either across one end of a diameter, or wholly or partly around the spindle. The Figure shows the spindle grooved across one end of a diameter, a corresponding groove in the shroud providing an aperture to receive a fixing-pin e. In another form, the end c of the shroud is pressed into a groove formed around the spindle ; or a spring ring may be arranged around a groove in the spindle and allowed to expand into an internal groove in the shroud. Again, the shroud may be pressed into a groove or depression formed across one end of a diameter of the spindle ; and in this form the shroud may be somewhat enlarged or beaded at the part where it is pressed in, the outer surface being then machined flush.
Patent GB-1078593-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for defrosting foods
IPC: A23B4/07
Filed: 1966-02-24
Abstract: 1,078,593. Thawing frozen food. BARKER POULTRY EQUIPMENT CO. Feb. 24, 1966 [March 1, 1965], No. 8242/66. Heading A2D. Frozen foods, such as frozen blocks of red meat, poultry and fish, are thawed by placing them in a bath of warm liquid, agitating the bath of warm liquid and subjecting the food to a free, unrestricted turning and repositioning action while maintaining the food in a partialy buoyant state. The apparatus used comprises a tank 11 having a shallow-"W"-shaped bottom (Fig. 7, not shown) mounted for lateral rocking movement by means of track members 25 resting on rollers 27 with a rocking drive mechanism 44 therefore, a thawed food discharge elevator 54, a flume 100 for distributing heated liquid, e.g. water or brine, into the tank 11 through openings adjustable by plates 107 and an adjustable discharge head 111, and an electrically driven impeller within a duct 80 for withdrawing liquid from the tank 11 and feeding it via a thermostatically controlled steam injection heater chamber 81 to the flume 100. Fresh liquid is fed in through a pipe 72 and surplus fluid is run to waste through an overflow conduit 75. Frozen food is loaded into the tank 11 at one end 24 and progresses towards the discharge end under the influence of the rocking motion of the tank 11 and the circulating flow of warm liquid therein.
Patent GB-1361164-A (GB)
Title: Tricyclic alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives
IPC: C07C67/03
Filed: 1973-02-20
Abstract: 1361164 Tricyclic α-hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM GmbH 20 Feb 1973 [25 Feb 1972] 8247/73 Heading C2C Novel compounds I in which X is a valency bond or an ethylene or oxaethylene linkage; and R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are H or alkyl, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof are prepared by reacting a compound II with a reactive ester, of Formula III in which R<SP>1</SP> 3  is 1-3C alkyl and Y is halo or a sulphonic ester grouping, followed where necessary by conversion of R<SP>1</SP> 3  to R 3  by conventional methods. Compounds II may be prepared by condensation of compounds IV  to give compounds V followed by demethylation with hydriodic acid. O - (o - Methoxyphenoxymethyl)- benzoic acid is prepared by reaction of phthalide with the sodium salt of guaiacol. Pharmaceutical compositions comprise a compound I together with a suitable carrier and are used as anti-atherosclerosis agents.
Patent GB-902410-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in light sources for the spectrochemical analysis of substances
Inventor: ROMAND JACQUES
IPC: G01N21/67
Filed: 1959-03-10
Abstract: 902,410. Electric discharge tubes. CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE. March 10, 1959 [March 29, 1958; Jan. 22, 1959], No. 8276/59. Class 39 (1). [Also in Group XX] In combination with spectral analysis apparatus, there is provided a light source which preferably will produce light in the range 800-1300 Š comprising a cathode 2, Fig. 4, which may be annular, a cylindrical auxiliary anode 3 mounted on an insulator 4 and a main anode 8. These electrodes are mounted in an evacuated enclosure which has a light outlet slit 19, this slit forming the collimator slit of the spectrometer, which is also evacuated. Continuous operation of the device is obtained by providing a number of main anodes 8, 9 in the shape of bullets, held in position by four spring- clips 15 such that when it is required to replace one anode, a push-rod 17 is used to push the anode bullet in use out of the clips and to replace it by the next bullet in the carriage. The source is designed to work by flash operation, flashes occurring at one second intervals, and one hundred may be obtained with each anode bullet. The working potential between the main electrodes varies between 20 and 40 kv., the starting spark being produced by discharging a 0.5 ÁF. condenser across the electrodes 2, 3. The cathode and auxiliary anode 3 are interchangeable. In another form a "slide" starting discharge is produced between the cathode 6, Fig. 2, and the auxiliary electrode 5. These electrodes are bevelled along their adjacent edges, as shown, to prevent shortcircuiting, and they are mounted on a semiconductor layer 7 of alumina, calcium fluoride, or a refractory oxide. The cathode may also comprise a tubular member with a slit along one generator, and the auxiliary anode may be a rod coaxial with the cathode cylinder, the members being held in an insulating block. The light produced is said to be characteristic of material of the main anode.
Patent GB-357116-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric incandescent lamps
IPC: H01K3/06
Filed: 1930-03-14
Abstract: 357,116. Electric incandescent lamps. SOC. LA RADIOTECHNIQUE, 12, Rue La BoÙtie, Paris. March 14, 1930, No. 8316. Convention date, April 2, 1929. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. [Class 39 (ii).] Filaments, supports for.-The filament 1 of an electric incandescent lamp is supported by elements secured to a glass drop 7 arranged to be supported solely by the conductors 2, 3 through which current is supplied to the filament. As shown, the glass drop 7 is supported by pins 8 .. 11 which have one end embedded within it, the opposite ends of the pins being soldered to the conductors 2, 3. The ends of the filament 1 are connected to the upper ends of the wires 2, 3, and intermediate supports are provided by small wires 5, 6, preferably of molybdenum. A screen 12 may be provided adjacent to the lower ends of the wires 2, 3 to protect the soldered parts of the base from heat radiation and serve as a stay for the wires 2, 3.
Patent GB-708985-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrical relays
IPC: H01H35/30
Filed: 1952-04-02
Abstract: 708,985. Electromagnetic relays. WESTING- HOUSE AIR BRAKE CO. April 2, 1952 [April 19, 1951], No. 8376/52. Class 38(5) A light weight relay that may be hermetically sealed comprises a magnetic shell 1, a core 5 surrounded by a winding 17 and supporting in a bearing 9 a spindle 33 carrying a multi-armed armature 29, Fig. 4, adapted to be attracted to a corresponding number of fixed pole pieces 27. The armature 29 supports a cup 35 the rim 41 of which has slots 42, Fig. 3, engaged by movable contact springs 51 mounted on terminal posts 43 extending through glass or ceramic beads 45 in a cover 39 which similarly supports the terminal posts 43 carrying the fixed contact sleeves 47 of silver-platinum. The posts 43 and the cover 39 may be of " Kovar " (R.T.M.) and the bias of the springs 51 is such as to bias the armature away from the poles 27. The relay may be exhausted of air and filled with a suitable gas through a hole 7 which may later serve for mounting the relay. The contacts 43 may also plug into a socket device. The two leads from the winding 17 extend through tubes passing upwards through the cover 39.
Patent GB-800502-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in expanding wall and like plugs
IPC: F16B13/12
Filed: 1957-03-14
Abstract: 800,502. Wall - plugs. WORNDLI, W. March 14, 1957 [May 7, 1956], No. 8410/57. Class 89(1) An expanding wall and like plug comprises a sleeve 1 having an internal screwthread 3 and slit at 2 from the end 4, the sleeve bore tapering towards said end, and a spreading member 5 and an insert 6 in the bore. When a screw 7 is applied to the plug, insert 6, e.g. of lead, is deformed and member 5 is moved to spread the slit end outwards. The deformed insert holds member 5, which may be conical or spherical, so that the screw can be removed and replaced. In a modification for use with a wood-screw, the insert consists of a tubular member receiving the screw in its bore.
Patent GB-109956-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Spring Forks for Cycles.
Inventor: LIMITED JOHN MARSTON
IPC: B62K25/24
Filed: 1917-06-13
Abstract: 109,956. Marston, Ltd., J., and Greenwood, J. E. June 13, 1917. Spring devices. - In spring forks for cycles wherein a girder or other fork is connected by links D, E to the top and bottom of the steering- column, a leaf spring being employed to control the movement, leaf springs J are rigidly connected at their rear ends to the column and directly connected at their forward ends to the fork by a link M. The fork limbs A are of triangular construction, and the spring link is pivoted to the apex of the triangle. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 113,011.
Patent GB-1519406-A (GB)
Title: Thermomechanical analyzer and analyzing method
IPC: G01N25/04
Filed: 1976-03-03
Abstract: 1519406 Measuring stress characteristics E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 3 March 1976 [4 March 1975] 08499/76 Headings G1N and G1S The stress in a test sample 74, Fig. 1, produced as a function of time or temperature is determined by attaching the upper end of sample 74 to a fixed member 70 and the lower end to a link 38 which is coupled to a flat spring 6. The sample is loaded by weights on a table 48 and its subsequent extension is measured by the displacement of the core 57 of an LVDT 56, attached to the link 38. It is shown that when the modules of elasticity of the spring 6 is known, the stress in the sample 74 can be calculated. In an alternative use the sample 74 is subjected to a temperature programme in an enclosure 78. The temperature is measured by a thermocouple 73 and recorded at 8 against extension or stress of sample 74.
Patent GB-1491843-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus including a series of movable panels
IPC: E05D15/06
Filed: 1976-03-03
Abstract: 1491843 Sliding panel assembly R A ROBINSON 3 March 1976 08532/76 Heading E1J A sliding panel assembly as in Specification 1384380, in which the panels are co-planar in their closed position and are pivotal at their leading edges to a face-to-face open position, is modified in that the downwardly dependent lugs on the rollers supporting the panels are replaced by an assembly including rollers 30, 38 and a plate 26 extending forwardly 28 and rearwardly 44 to form an elongate sliding and spacing member running in the channel 24; the assembly is pivotally attached by a boss 32 and a pivot pin 34 to the panel 10; the panel has a top fitting (52) at the leading edge which has an upstanding member which can slide in and pivot relative to the ceiling track. When moved to the open position the panel tilts so that the rear roller assembly 22 lifts out of the channel and the panel may be pivoted e.g. through 90‹ into the stacking position, the leading edge 28 of the spacing member abutting the trailing edge 44 of that of the adjacent panel.
Patent GB-107378-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
IPC: F02B19/14
Filed: 1917-06-14
Abstract: 107,378. Ljusne-Woxna Aktiebolag. June 17, 1916, [Convention date]. Cylinders receiving liquid fuel.-The apparatus is of the kind described in Specification 5771/14 in which air is forced from the cylinder during the compression stroke through a nozzle 4 into a chamber 5 into which fuel is injected. Part of the fuel becomes ignited and by the pressure produced expels the remainder through the nozzle into the cylinder. According to the invention, the holes 6 in the wall 3 of the nozzle are inclined both to the horizontal and to radii from the axis of the nozzle in order to mix the fuel and air and rapidly to equalise the pressures in the chambers 4 and 5.
Patent GB-578733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to piston packings
IPC: F16J9/20
Filed: 1940-05-11
Abstract: 578,733. Piston-rings. HAREL MECHANICAL PROCESSES, Ltd. (Office Eug. Parette). May 11, 1940, No. 8540. [Class 122 (i)] In a piston packing comprising a split piston ring embraced by an unsplit ring of substantially U-section, as described in Specification 497,823, the unsplit ring embraces two piston rings 2, 6 and is divided in the plane of the inner surface of one of its flanges so as to form two unsplit rings 1, 7 of T- and flat-section respectively, each co-operating with the adjacent piston ring, the slits of which are diametrically opposed and covered by the unsplit rings. The flange 1a of ring 1 engages a relatively deep groove 8 in the piston body 13, whilst the web 1b rests on the flat ring 7 which slidable radially in a groove 12. The rings 1, 2, 6, 7 are urged axially by thin steel unsplit plate washers 4 arranged in annular recesses in adjacent faces of the rings 2, 6. The rings 1, 7 are pressed radially out-: wards by means of springs 5, 14, respectively, having noses to engage in recesses 10, 20 in the rings 1, 7, one end of each spring engaging a cavity 17 in the piston body 13 by means of a hook 18 whilst the other end bears freely against the bottom of the piston ring groove. The rings 1, 7 may be made from forged aluminium, or other metal of high thermal conductivity. The rings 2, 6 are subjected to the pressure of springs 2, 15, respectively, each spring having a nose to engage a recess in the ring adjacent the slit and a hooked end to engage the web 1b of the ring 1. To allow the unsplit rings 1, 7 and washers 4 to be assembled in position, the piston head A, Fig. 9, is made separate from the piston body B and secured thereto by a-conical thread 21, unscrewing being prevented by means of a screw 22. The piston head A may be made from a metal of low thermal expansion or good heat conductivity.