baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1010722-B (CN)
Inventor: GRUNERT KURT ALBERT
IPC: H01H73/02
Filed: 1986-07-28
Abstract: 具有电离气体排气孔挡板的断路器，有一个模压绝缘外壳和一个灭弧室，外壳内有隔板形成隔离间，容纳一个接线端子。具有间隔的孔与隔离间相通。有一个孔用挡板挡住以使电离气流拐弯。挡板的安装允许从断路器壳外把工具插入隔离间。
Patent CN-1008358-B (CN)
Inventor: XIANGPING GAO
IPC: C03B37/07
Filed: 1987-02-28
Abstract: 光纤拉丝—筛选—二次被覆连续生产装置是连续生产制造光纤成套设备。它采用了能满足连续生产要求的强度筛选装置及压力涂覆装置，并以拉丝牵引为主牵引，其余强度筛选、收线等均通过位移传感器及电器控制跟踪主牵引以实现同步运转。使三道工序能连续进行，根本改变了将各道工序分开进行的光纤传统生产方法。由于工序减少，减少了重复设备、占地面积、避免了光纤不必要的周转和复绕，既节省了劳力，又能提高产品质量。
Patent CN-1014692-B (CN)
Title: 仿绫国画纸生产方法
Inventor: YUNDONG ZHANG
IPC: B44C7/00
Filed: 1988-07-11
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种仿绫国画纸的生产方法，该方法是在绫纸原稿上进行照相制版，然后在加厚型宣纸上进行胶印。绫纸原稿是用绫与宣纸结合，晾干后裱在平整的玻璃上制作而成。此方法生产的仿绫国画纸对书画装裱效果与绫相仿，装裱工艺简单、效率高，成本仅及绫的1/20。
Patent CN-1011021-B (CN)
Title: 用于电话应答机的录音通知存储系统
Inventor: KERN RONALD JOSEPH
IPC: H04M1/65
Filed: 1988-10-18
Abstract: 具有存储发出去的通知(OGA)的固态存储器的电话应答机，通过使用磁带装置(120)，能在电源故障时提供OGA的备用保护而得到改进。磁带上还存储OGA的持续时间。OGA存储在动态随机存取存储器中。OGA的模/数转换的取样速率反比于OGA的持续时间，以保证充分利用可用的存储器空间。
Patent FI-110736-B (FI)
Inventor: NIEMI VALTTERI
IPC: H04L29/06
Filed: 2000-08-01
Granted: 2003-03-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transmitting data between a GRPS/EDGE radio access network and user equipment of a mobile system, and to user equipment using the method, and to GERAN. In the method, the data to be transmitted is encrypted using an encryption algorithm at the transmitting end, the encrypted data is transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end, and the transmitted data is decrypted using an encryption algorithm at the receiving end. The used encryption algorithm is an encryption algorithm of the radio access network UTRAN employing the wideband code division multiple access method of the universal mobile telecommunications system, in which case the input parameters of agreed format required by the encryption algorithm are created on the basis of the operating parameters of the GPRS/EDGE radio access network GERAN.
Patent FI-114562-B (FI)
Inventor: HAEGGLUND THOMAS
IPC: F02D19/12
Filed: 2001-10-09
Granted: 2004-11-15
Abstract: Arrangement in connection with a diesel engine comprising an air supply system for the diesel engine for supplying suction air to the engine from the environment, the air supply system comprising at least a channel arrangement, a compressor and a heat exchanger for suction air and a cooling circuit for the diesel engine, to which circuit at least one heat exchanger is connected. The heat exchanger connected to the cooling circuit, which recovers waste heat from the diesel engine, is arranged to evaporate water by the heat received from the cooling circuit. The invention also relates to a corresponding method.
Patent FI-127782-B (FI)
Title: Method of Producing Lithium Metal Phosphates
Inventor: SIRÉN OLLE
IPC: H01M4/58
Filed: 2014-12-02
Granted: 2019-02-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing carbon-coated lithium metal phosphate from a raw material containing lithium, comprising providing a solution containing lithium bicarbonate from an industrial process stream; reacting the lithium bicarbonate in the solution with metal ions, phosphate ions and a carbon source; separating the solids from the solution containing lithium bicarbonate by solid-liquid separation; and heat treating the solids to provide a carbon covered lithium metal phosphate. The method can be carried out continuously to produce lithium ion cathode chemicals in particular for the electrochemical industry, e.g. for ion cathode chemicals.
Patent FI-128674-B (FI)
Title: Apparatus for transferring electrical energy
Inventor: SCHIFFERS WERNER
IPC: H02J50/12
Filed: 2016-02-04
Granted: 2020-10-15
Abstract: A thruster for propelling a marine vessel, the apparatus comprising an upper housing, a lower housing, the lower housing being arranged to rotate relative to the upper housing, a first body arranged within the upper housing, the first body comprising a first inductor to provide a magnetic field, and a second body arranged within the lower housing, the second body comprising a second inductor to generate an electrical current from the magnetic field.
Patent HK-1039135-B (HK)
Title: Catalyst for polyester production and process for producing polyester with the same
Inventor: TOMOYOSHI YAMAMOTO
IPC: C08G63/82
Filed: 2002-01-23
Abstract: A polyester having a good color tone, an excellent forming property and a high resistance to cohesion of foreign substance around a melt-spinning orifice when the polyester is melt-spun, is produced by polymerizing an aromatic difunctional carboxylic acid - alkyleneglycol ester and/or oligomer thereof in the presence of a catalyst including a reaction product of (A) a Ti compound component including a Ti compound (1) of formula (I) or a Ti compound (2) produced by reacting the Ti compound (1) with an aromatic difunctional carboxylic acid of the formula (III) or anhydride thereof, with (B) a P compound component selected from P compound (3) of the formula (III). <CHEM>   <CHEM>   <CHEM>  ÄR<1> = C2-C10alkyl group; p = 1 - 3, n = 2 - 4, R<2> = substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20aryl or C1-C20 alkyl group, m = 1 or 2, q = 0 or 1, and m + q = 1 or 2Ü
Patent HK-1052147-B (HK)
Title: Double metal cyanide catalysts for producing polyether polyols
Inventor: PIETER OOMS
IPC: C07F3/06
Filed: 2003-06-19
Abstract: Double metal cyanide catalysts containing, in addition to (a) double metal cyanides and (b) organic ligands, (c) 2 or more complex-formers other than (b) comprising functionalized polymers such as polyethers or polyacrylamide (26 types listed) or compounds such as glycidyl ethers, cyclodextrins, gallic acid or phosphorus compounds (11 types listed).  Double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst containing (a) DMC compound(s), (b) organic complex ligand(s) other than (c), (c) two or more complex-forming components (other than b) comprising functionalized polymers selected from polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyalkylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol glycidyl ethers, polyacrylamide, acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymers, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, poly(meth)acrylates, poly-vinyl methyl ether, poly-vinyl ethyl ether, polyvnyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone), N-vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid copolymers, poly-vinyl methyl ketone, poly-(4-vinylphenol), acrylic acid-styrene copolymers, oxazoline polymers, polyalkylene-imines, maleic acid or anhydride copolymers, hydroxyethylcellulose and polyacetals, or glycidyl ethers, glycosides, carboxylate esters of polyhydric alcohols, gallic acids and their salts, esters or amides, cyclodextrins, phosphorus compounds, alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylate esters and ionic surface-active or interfacially active compounds. Independent claims are also included for: (i) production of DMC catalysts by (1) reacting (A) metal salts and metal cyanide salts in aqueous solution with (B) complex ligands selected from functionalized polymers, glycidyl ethers, glycosides, carboxylate esters of polyhydric alcohols, gallic acids or their salts, esters or amides, cyclodextrins, phosphorus compounds, alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or ionic surface- or interfacially-active compounds and (C) 2 or more complex-formers (c) as above and then (2) isolating, washing and drying the catalyst;  (ii) production of polyether-polyols by reaction of alkylene oxides with H-functional starter compounds in presence of DMC catalysts as above; and (iii) polyether-polyols obtained by this process.
Patent HU-184154-B (HU)
Title: Vehicle-mounted spraying device of output controllable depending on vehicle speed
Inventor: LESTRADET MAURICE C J
IPC: B05B9/06
Filed: 1979-12-19
Abstract: A vehicle mounted liquid spreading device adapted to deliver selected, essentially constant, volumes of liquid per unit area over a range of vehicle speeds. The device operates to adjust the pressure in the liquid distribution system as a function of vehicle speed by comparing the pressure in the distribution system to a pressure proportional to the vehicle speed and utilizing a signal so obtained to control a liquid by-pass valve.
Patent IN-157631-B (IN)
Inventor: KAEMPEN CHARLES E
IPC: F16L13/00
Filed: 1983-01-05
Abstract: A composite laminate joint structure tapered at one or both ends provides a coupling tensile strength greater than the laminate interlaminar shear strength. The joint structure is composed of individual ply structures (2,1,3) bonded by adhesive. The ply structures are made up of filament strands orientated in different directions and in a manner to provide the taper. A tubular form of the joint structure finds particular application to mechanically joined structure such as pipe and trusses. Methods of and apparatus for making such joint structures are also disclosed.
Patent IT-1252882-B (IT)
Title: Process for the treatment of self-adhesive tapes with a polyolefin backing in order to assist printing
Inventor: NASSI ALDO
IPC: C09J/
Filed: 1991-12-10
Granted: 1995-07-03
Abstract: The non-adhesive backing of a self-adhesive tape is treated in order to permit unrolling and printing with a mixture of: - polyvinylcarbamate         from 5 to 20 parts by weight - chlorinated polyolefin    from 50 to 75 parts by weight - ethylvinyl acetate (EVA) polymers from 10 to 40 parts by weight Printing, like aniline printing, can be carried out by unwinding the tape and without lacquer pre-treatment.
Patent IT-1245143-B (IT)
Title: Apparecchiatura a racla
Inventor: TOSHIKAZU KONNAI
IPC: B41F31/20
Filed: 1991-02-07
Granted: 1994-09-13
Abstract: Una racla ha una rotaia arcuata disposta su una linea circolare tracciata attorno all'asse di un cilindro portapiastra di una macchina da stampa e un elemento di supporto per effettuare un movimento d'oscillazione e progettato per essere fatto oscillare lungo una linea circolare tracciata attorno all'estremità anteriore di una racla in modo che la racla una volta posizionata mantenga il miglior angolo di raschiatura rispetto alla superficie del cilindro portapiastra indipendentemente da variazioni di diametro del cilindro portapiastra. Il miglior angolo di raschiatura della racla viene mantenuto anche se la racla viene spostata in avanti e all'indietro.
Patent IT-1258979-B (IT)
Title: Disposizione di filtri per visualizzatori
IPC: G02B23/12
Filed: 1992-06-12
Granted: 1996-03-11
Abstract: Un visualizzatore e particolarmente per l'osservazione mediante un accessorio per la visione notturna 6 ha una disposizione di LED 12 che emettono luce verde. Un filtro dicroico 14 è disposto di fronte al visualizzatore 8 e trasmette le radiazioni alla frequenza di emissione di picco dei diodi 12 ma riflette le radiazioni nell'intervallo e cui è sensibile l'accessorio 6 per la visione notturna. Un filtro d'arresto 16 disposto di fronte al filtro dicroico impedisce la trasmissione di lunghezze d'onda lunghe e un filtro polarizzante circolarmente di fronte al filtro, più d'arresto impedisce la trasmissione di radiazioni riflesse specularmente dalle superfici dietro ad esso.
Patent IT-1244502-B (IT)
Title: Procedimento per la preparazione di composti amminici aromatici e relativo agente riducente (caso 156-7123)
Inventor: BANDLISH BALDEV KMAR
IPC: C25B3/25
Filed: 1991-04-02
Granted: 1994-07-15
Abstract: Oggetto dell'invenzione è un perfezionato procedimncanalamento (2) che vengono uniti fra loro per reare i corrispondenti composti amminici aromatici, ghigliottina tra una sede (24) fornita ad una estrr questa riduzione. In conformità con il procedimepposta di ciascun elemento. L'elemento (2) ha essotrochimicamente ridotto per formare un sale ossige una pluralità di nervature (6') lungo la sua lunge agente riducente per ridurre chimicamente i comp passo costante, e può così essere ridotto manteneio riossidati possono essere riciclati nella operae delle lunghezze possibili del canale montato fin. Il sale ossigenato del titanio (III) è altamentesposte altre nervature (6') di ancoraggio. E' prevna perfezionata stabilità alla ossidazione.       (26) applicabile all'una e all'altra estremità dell'elemento di incanalamento (2) e dotato di un raccordo (30) per tubi, cieco di fabbricazione, ma apribile con mezzi semplici.
Patent IT-1261393-B (IT)
Title: Dispositivo e metodo per formare un rivestimento mediante pirolisi
Inventor: TERNEU ROBERT
IPC: C03C17/245
Filed: 1993-12-23
Granted: 1996-05-20
Abstract: Un dispositivo per formare, mediante pirolisi, un rivestimento di metallo o composto metallico su una faccia di un substrato (16) di vetro caldo in movimento portando detta faccia a contatto con un reagente gassoso, comprende mezzi di supporto (20) per trasportare il substrato (16) attraverso una camera di rivestimento (14), un ugello di eiezione (10) per fornire e distribuire reagente gassoso alla camera di rivestimento (14) e mezzi per evacuare gas di scarico dalla camera di rivestimento (14). L'ugello (10) ha una feritoia (12), di lunghezza almeno uguale alla larghezza del substrato (16) da rivestire che si estende trasversalmente al percorso del substrato (16), si apre direttamente nella camera di rivestimento (14) e ha pareti longitudinali interne (24) della feritoia sostanzialmente parallele tra loro. Le pareti interne dell'ugello (10) definiscono un percorso convergente continuo, per far adattare il flusso di reagente gassoso alle dimensioni della feritoia (12), con angolo di convergenza (?) che non supera in alcun punto 14°.(Figura 1).
Patent IT-1253187-B (IT)
Title: Procedure for producing covering parts for surfaces, in particular made by combining wood with ceramic, brick or marble
IPC: E04B/
Filed: 1991-10-04
Granted: 1995-07-10
Abstract: Procedure for producing covering parts for surfaces, in particular made by combining wood with ceramic, brick or marble, providing for the use of a semi-finished part, in particular boards, made from a set of wooden battens of various types placed longitudinally and rigidly glued together to form a pack, the said pack being cut transversely thereby producing the said series of boards, and in which the lower surface of each board is first sprinkled with polyurethane resin and then sand and then joined by putting polyurethane or epoxy adhesive between them to a base with visible surfaces, in brick, marble or ceramic, the corresponding surface of which has been previously treated by the application of a polyurethane resin based primer. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-1258576-B (IT)
Title: Diamond cutting machine for chains with circular sections
IPC: B23D/
Filed: 1992-04-22
Granted: 1996-02-27
Abstract: A high speed rotating diamond cutting tool 15 performs decorative work on a chain 1, that can turn on its own shaft, inside the guide die 14, integral with the tubes 8 and 16 and their guide rollers 12 and 17, thereby permitting diamond engraved decorations to be made on the cylindrical surface of a chain with circular cross section that is unwound from a bobbin carried by the shaft 4 and is rewound onto the bobbin carried by the shaft 22, both rotating together with the chain 1 being worked on (fig. 1). <IMAGE>
Patent ME-02738-B (ME)
Inventor: MOSKOVICH ROBERT
IPC: A46B5/02
Filed: 2000-04-27
Abstract: Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na četkicu za zube (12) sa drškom (18) koju formiraju spojene naspramne S-zakrivljene sekcije, prva (26) je relativno kruta i druga (28) je relativnogipko fleksibilna, naspramne S-zakrivljene sekcije formirajuobično izdužen broj 8, imajući pprečan otvor (30, 32) unutar svakog segmenta broja 8, tako da tokom četkanja korisnik može da manipuliše relativno krutom i gipko fleksibilnom sekcijom radi pozicioniranja lica sa čekinjama (13) četkice za zube da prate ličnu konfiguraciju zubala. Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na četkicu za zube (12) sa drškom (18) koju formiraju spojene naspramne S-zakrivljene sekcije, prva (26) je relativno kruta i druga (28) je relativnogipko fleksibilna, naspramne S-zakrivljene sekcije formirajuobično izdužen broj 8, imajući pprečan otvor (30, 32) unutar svakog segmenta broja 8, tako da tokom četkanja korisnik može da manipuliše relativno krutom i gipko fleksibilnom sekcijom radi pozicioniranja lica sa čekinjama (13) četkice za zube da prate ličnu konfiguraciju zubala.
Patent MX-167820-B (MX)
Title: Procedimiento y dispositivo para la eliminacion dealquitran espeso que resulta durante el enfriamiento de gas de horno de coque
Inventor: RIZZON JOHN
IPC: C10B57/06
Filed: 1983-11-10
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a procedimiento para la eliminación del alquitrán espeso que resulta durante el enfriamiento de gas de horno de coque, caracterizado porque el alquitrán espeso es desmenuzado hasta un tamaño de partículas de - 1mm y es diluído por adición de una mezcla de alquitrán y agua, siendo mantenida la mezcla resultante a una temperatura comprendida entre 55 y 75 grados C y a continuación de ello es cargada sobre el carbón a coquizar (carbón empleado) que se encuentra sobre la cinta transportadora de carbón bruto.
Patent MX-167250-B (MX)
Title: Metodo de extrusion-llenado para producir un amortiguador elastomerico
Inventor: DIECKMANN J ROBERT
IPC: B29K21/00
Filed: 1984-09-14
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a un método para producir un amortiguador elastoérico, teniendo una funda exterior reforzada, las etapas de: 1) proveer una capa de elastómero reforzada con cuerdas, en contra de la pared inferior de un molde que tiene un extremo cerrado; 2) yuxtaponer el molde y unos medios de llenado; 3) llenar el molde desde su extremo cerrado, con elastómero; 4) ocasionar que la retro-presión del llenado se pare progresivamente al molde y a los medios de llenado, axialmente; 5) cortar el llenado en el extremo abierto del molde; 6) tapar el molde; y 7) vulcanizar el llenado y la capa mencionada.
Patent PT-103251-B (PT)
Title: Mecanismo de abertura de roscas
Inventor: SANTOS ADELINO CLAUDIO DOS
IPC: B23G3/00
Filed: 2005-03-24
Abstract: O
Patent PT-107993-B (PT)
Title: Método e sistema de autenticação de um domínio de operador 3gpp
Inventor: JONATHAN RODRIGUEZ
IPC: G06F21/30
Filed: 2014-10-21
Abstract: O PRESENTE PEDIDO SURGE DA NECESSIDADE DE FORNECER AUTENTICAÇÃO SEGURA E EFICIENTE TANTO PARA O ACESSO IP-DIRETO COMO O ACESSO IP-3GPP. DIVULGA-SE UM MÉTODO EM QUE O SERVIDOR DE AUTENTICAÇÃO, AUTORIZAÇÃO E CONTABILIDADE (AUTHENTICATION, AUTHORIZATION AND ACCOUNTING - AAA) (103), EM RESPOSTA A UMA MENSAGEM DE INÍCIO (104) COM UM IDENTIFICADOR ???? DE UM ELEMENTO DE ACESSO (102), GERA UM NÚMERO ALEATÓRIO ???????? E ENVIA UMA FUNÇÃO DE AMBOS PARA O ELEMENTO DE ACESSO (105).
Patent RO-87127-B (RO)
Inventor: KRENZER JOHN
IPC: C07C5/00
Filed: 1983-05-31
Abstract: Inventia se refera la un procedeu de preparare a unor derivati de uree, cu actiune erbicida, cu formula generala I: (vezi formula) în care x reprezinta o grupa (vezi formula) R reprezinta alchil inferior, n reprezinta 0 sau 1, si m reprezinta 0 sau un numar întreg de la 1 la 6, prin tratarea unui mol de dimer de izocianat cu formula genereala II: (vezi formula) în care X are semnificatiile de la formula I, cu doi moli de amina cu formula generala III: (vezi formula) în care R, m si n au semnificatiile de la formula generala I, în toluen în calitate de mediu inert de reactie, la temperatura camerei.
Patent RO-86674-B (RO)
Title: Process for preparing benzamide derivatives
Inventor: DE PAULIS TOMAS
IPC: C07C65/05
Filed: 1983-09-09
Abstract: Novel therapeutically active compounds of the formulawherein R is a straight or branched alkyl group with 6-18 carbon atoms, R<sup>1</sup> is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or an alkyl group with 1-3 carbon atoms and R<sup>2</sup> is chlorine, bromine or an alkyl group with 1-3 carbon atoms; or a physiologically acceptable salt or an optical isomer thereof, methods and intermediates for their preparation, pharmaceutical preparations containing them and methods for their therapeutical use.
Patent RO-91607-B (RO)
Title: Code convector for modulation by codified impulses
Inventor: DIRK HERMAN
IPC: H03M7/50
Filed: 1984-09-18
Abstract: The present Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) translators include a first translator (COLI) for translating a PCM input word coded according to the A or mu-law into a linear PCM output word and a second translator (LICO) for translating a linear PCM input word into a PCM output word coded according to the A or mu-law. The choice of the A-law or mu-law is done by selecting the binary value of a single control bit (A).
Patent TW-241224-B (TW)
IPC: B29C51/30
Filed: 1991-10-30
Granted: 1995-02-21
Abstract: Low thermal inertia mold consisting of two mold-halves, each reproducing half of the impression of the object to be produced, characterized in that at least one of the mold-halves comprises within the interior a cooling system and a heating system located in the proximity of the surface of the mold-half impression. <IMAGE>
Patent TW-225498-B (TW)
IPC: B26B9/00
Filed: 1993-04-24
Granted: 1994-06-21
Abstract: The invention relates to knife blades and their methods of production. Whilst it has long been known that the surface hardness and wear resistant properties of metal objects can be enhanced by a hard surface provided on them, the effective employment of this in relation to knife blades has proved difficult to achieve. The object of the invention is to provide a knife blade (2) with a cutting edge (5) of a harder material than the body of the blade, and the objective is met by a construction comprising a v-shaped cutting edge formed on a blank and such that the cutting tip (5) lies substantially centrally of the width of the blank characterised in that one side face of the v-shaped cutting edge is provided with a coating (3) of a material harder than the material of the blank, the actual cutting edge (5) being formed wholly of the harder material, and the coating (3) having a columnar crystal structure that extends away from the surface of the blank and to the outer face of the coating (3). <IMAGE>
Patent TW-235944-B (TW)
Title: A tire repair tool
Inventor: LII MENG-JANG
IPC: B60C25/00
Filed: 1994-05-02
Granted: 1994-12-11
Abstract: A tire repair tool, which uses an elastic extendible choking element to beinserted into the tire to seal off the laceration caused by foreign object,the tire repair tool comprises: a handle element; a long cylinder in which the first end of the long cylinder is fixed withthe handle element and the second end of the long cylinder is a hollowcylindrical body, the periphery of the cylindrical body is installed with atleast one first connection element along the axial direction; a conoid drill with a screw tooth which is used to penetrate the tire wall,the end of the conoid drill has a hook, the middle section of the conoiddrill corresponding to the first connection element of the cylindrical bodyhas a second connection element, the hook has a penetrated hole to allow thechoking element penetrating through the hole, the open ends of the chokingelement are inserted into the hollow cylindrical body of the long cylinderby adjusting lengths of two ends of the choking element and the conoid drillis connected to the long cylinder through the first and second connectionelements to allow torque on the long cylinder to be transmitted to theconoid drill; a fixation element installed on the middle section of the long cylinderwhich is used to fix the two ends of the choking element extended from thehollow cylindrical body and elongate the choking element to imposing aresilient force on the choking element so as to be tightly locked betweenthe long cylinder and the conoid drill; a pushing bar plate installed and guided in the middle section of the longcylinder to push on the conoid drill and generates separation functionbetween the conoid drill and the hollow cylindrical body of the longcylinder to allow the conoid drill penetrating through the tire wall intothe tire, the movement of the conoid drill inactivates the choking elementto preserve a certain length in the hollow cylindrical body so as to leavea certain length of choking element in the tire when the whole long cylinderis pulled out from the tire wall.