baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20130009386-A (KR)
Title: Multiple substituted 4-arylcoumarin derivatives and preparation method thereof
Inventor: HWANG IN TAEK
IPC: C07D311/08
Filed: 2011-07-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preparing a multiple substituted 4-aryl coumarin derivative is provided to be used as an intermediate for developing a therapeutic agent for treating urinary incontinence and to use the derivative in organic light emitting diodes or solar cells. CONSTITUTION: A multiple substituted 4-aryl coumarin derivative is denoted by chemical formula 1. A method for preparing the derivative comprises: a step of dissolving a compound of chemical formula 2 in an organic solvent and a step of reacting the compound of chemical formula 2 with a compound of chemical formula 3 or 4 under the presence of a base. The base is 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene(DBU), 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene(DBN), 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane(Dabco), triethyl amine, or pyridine. [Reference numerals] (AA) Or; (BB) Base; (CC) Organic solvent
Patent KR-20130010781-A (KR)
Title: Bubble removal apparatus for waste water
Inventor: CHO KYEONG SOO
IPC: C02F1/40
Filed: 2011-07-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus is provided to easily get rid of bubble on water wastes released to river or sea to prevent water pollution caused by the foam. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus comprises; a buoyant member(20), a fixing member(25), a bubble dispersing member(40), a filter(50) for controlling bubbles and a spraying part(60) for getting rid of bubbles. Two buoyant members are arranged in a parallel way to allow a path(21) for the foam of waste water and effluent(10) to be formed in a entrance where the waste water and effluent pass through. The fixing member is equipped in a parallel with the two buoyant members. The bubble dispersing member is fixed in the entrance of the path with the fixing member. The filter is fixed behind the fixing member of the bubble dispersing member to simultaneously control bubbles and induce removing bubbles. The spraying part which is connected to a pump(70) is equipped in front of the bubble dispersing member and the filter for controlling bubbles.
Patent KR-20130011498-A (KR)
Title: Processing method of slim glass
Inventor: LEE JAE WON
IPC: B24B7/24
Filed: 2011-07-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for processing thin glass is provided to prevent the damage and crack of thin glass. CONSTITUTION: Thin glass and a carrier substrate are arranged(S10). The thin glass and an upper carrier substrate are attached(S20). Protruded thin glass is formed by misaligning the upper carrier substrate and the thin glass(S30). The thin glass is processed by using a polisher. The thin glass is cut by using a cutter wheel. [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB) End; (S10) Arranging a substrate; (S20) Sealing a substrate; (S30) Processing thin glass
Patent KR-20130011842-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG SUNG
IPC: F16D65/18
Filed: 2011-07-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A brake system for a vehicle is provided to guarantee a braking force according to changes in a frictional coefficient, and to have a small size as loads applied to parts are distributed. CONSTITUTION: A brake system for a vehicle comprises an actuator(10), a main pressure unit(30), and an auxiliary pressure unit(40). The actuator delivers the power of a motor through a main output shaft(16) and an auxiliary output shaft(18). The main pressure unit is formed at the main output shaft. The main pressure unit pressurizes a brake pad(72) to a disc by a linear motion of the motor. The auxiliary pressure unit is formed in the auxiliary output shaft. The auxiliary pressure unit pressurizes the brake pad to the disc by the linear motion of the motor.
Patent KR-20130014814-A (KR)
Title: Hot rolling apparatus and method for preventing irregular thickness profile
Inventor: CHUNG JEA SOOK
IPC: B21B37/74
Filed: 2011-08-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hot rolling apparatus with a function for the prevention of an abnormal thickness profile by abrasion and a hot rolling method thereof are provided to correspond to the abrasion by the differentiation of the cooling temperature according to each cooling area of a work roll, thereby performing a continuous rolling without idle time. CONSTITUTION: A hot rolling apparatus comprises a work roll(10), a profile estimator(40), a cooling unit(20) and a cooling control unit(30). The work roll rolls the flowing-in material. The profile estimator generates the expected profile of the work roll. The cooling unit distinguishes multiple cooling areas from the work roll according to the longitudinal direction of the work roll, and cools each cooling area individually according to each of multiple inputs of cooling temperature. The cooling controller sets up multiple temperatures by using the expected profile and transmits the output of the set-up cooling temperature to the cooling unit. The profile estimator generates the expected profile by calculating the amount of the profile variation of the work roll by the thermal crown of the work roll and the amount of the profile variation of the work roll by the abrasion of the work roll.
Patent KR-20130015984-A (KR)
Title: 차선 인식 장치 및 그 방법
Inventor: KIM JONG HUN
IPC: G06T7/20
Filed: 2011-08-05
Abstract: 본 명세서는 영상을 획득하는 카메라 모듈; 상기 획득된 영상으로부터 복수의 특징점을 추출하고, 상기 추출된 복수의 특징점을 하나의 선으로 연결하는 차선 적합을 수행하고, 상기 적합 된 차선을 추적하는 제어부; 및 상기 추적된 차선을 표시하는 표시부를 포함하되, 상기 차선 적합은, 상기 추출된 복수의 특징점 중 근거리 영역에 존재하는 특징점을 기초로 근거리 적합을 수행하고, 상기 근거리 적합 수행 결과를 기초로 차선의 횡방향 치우침을 나타내는 오프셋(offset)을 결정하고, 상기 결정된 오프셋을 기초로 곡선 적합을 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차선 인식 장치에 관한 것이다. 
또한, 본 명세서는 영상을 획득하는 단계; 상기 획득된 영상으로부터 복수의 특징점을 추출하는 단계; 상기 추출된 복수의 특징점을 하나의 선으로 연결하는 차선 적합을 수행하는 단계; 상기 적합 된 차선을 추적하는 단계; 및 상기 추적된 차선을 표시하는 단계를 포함하되, 상기 차선 적합을 수행하는 단계는, 상기 추출된 복수의 특징점 중 근거리 영역에 존재하는 특징점을 기초로 근거리 적합을 수행하는 단계; 상기 근거리 적합 수행 결과를 기초로 차선의 횡방향 치우침을 나타내는 오프셋(offset)을 결정하는 단계; 및 상기 결정된 오프셋을 기초로 곡선 적합을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 차선 인식 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20130017181-A (KR)
Title: 분산형 지열 시스템
Inventor: PARK SEONG KOO
IPC: F25B30/06
Filed: 2011-08-10
Abstract: 분산형 지열 시스템이 개시된다. 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 분산형 지열 시스템은 지중의 열원을 취득하기 위해 서로 다른 용량으로 이루어진 다수개의 지중 열교환기가 구비된 열원 취득부와; 상기 열원 취득부에서 취득된 열원이 저장되는 열원 저장부와; 상기 열원 저장부에 저장된 열원을 개별적으로 공급받고 서로 다른 위치에 배치된 다수개의 열원 수용처로 이루어진 열원 수용부; 및 상기 열원 저장부에 저장된 열원을 열원 수용처의 개별 부하 상태에 따라 상기 지중 열교환기 중의 어느 하나 또는 다수개의 지중 열교환기를 선택적으로 제어하여 상기 열원을 열원 수용처에 독립적으로 공급하는 열원 제어부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20130017904-A (KR)
Title: Gate valve
Inventor: HWANG HO SUK
IPC: F16K3/02
Filed: 2011-08-12
Abstract: PURPOSE: A gate valve is provided to prevent a gate from being scratched by expanding and contracting a bellows pipe, thereby preventing the leakage of fluid due to abrasion. CONSTITUTION: A gate valve comprises a bellows pipe(210). The bellows pipe is installed in a first passage(101) of a valve body(110) connected to an upstream pipe through which fluid is entered. The front end(214) of the bellows pipe is reached to one side of a gate(103). At least one support ring(220) is installed in the first passage to support the bellows pipe.
Patent KR-20130009538-A (KR)
Title: 2 axis driving mechanism and die bonder
Inventor: HOSAKA KOJI
IPC: F16H25/20
Filed: 2011-09-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A biaxial drive device and a die bonder are provided to speed up a lifting shaft without the increase of torque of a horizontal driving shaft. CONSTITUTION: A wafer supply unit(1) includes a wafer cassette lifter(11) and a pickup device(12). A wafer cassette lifter successively supplies a wafer ring to the pickup device. A work supply/transfer unit(2) includes a stack loader(21), a frame feeder(22), and an unloader(23). The stack loader supplies a work bonding a die to the frame feeder. A die bonding unit(3) includes a preform part(31) and a bonding head part(32). A ZY driving shaft(60) includes a Y driving shaft(40) and a Z driving shaft(50).
Patent KR-20130028590-A (KR)
Title: 액정표시장치
Inventor: MOON SUNG JOON
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 2011-09-09
Abstract: 전원 오프(off)시 화면에 발생하는 플리커(flicker) 현상을 방지할 수 있는 액정표시장치가 제공된다. 액정표시장치는 다수의 게이트 라인 및 다수의 데이터 라인이 형성되며, 상기 게이트 라인과 데이터 라인의 교차 영역에 형성된 다수의 화소를 포함하는 액정패널, 상기 액정패널을 구동하기 위한 다수의 제어 신호를 생성하는 타이밍 제어부, 상기 다수의 게이트 라인을 구동하기 위한 다수의 게이트 구동부, 상기 다수의 데이터 라인을 구동하기 위한 다수의 데이터 구동부 및 상기 타이밍 제어부로부터 클럭 신호를 입력받고, 외부로부터 입력 및 구동 전압을 입력 받아 다수의 게이트 구동 신호를 생성하며, 전원 오프시 상기 게이트 구동 신호 중 적어도 어느 하나에 의해 턴 온 되는 다이오드를 포함하는 레벨 시프터를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20130030372-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for adhering additional plate to fpc
Inventor: WOO YOUNG KOAN
IPC: H05K13/04
Filed: 2011-09-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for attaching a member to an FPC are provided to prevent foreign materials by forming a member plate between a top tape and a bottom tape. CONSTITUTION: A member plate separating unit(110) includes a transfer robot. The transfer robot picks up and transfers the member plate supplied to a supply table. A member plate supplying unit(120) transfers and supplies the member plate by successively loading the member plate. A member plate mounting unit(130) includes an X axis driving guide. An FPC pattern transfer unit(140) includes a Y axis driving table.
Patent KR-20130030581-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN WOON HEE
IPC: B63B35/40
Filed: 2011-09-19
Abstract: 본 발명은 해양 탐사를 목적으로 하는 선박의 외벽에 설치되는 로브 레일을 착탈가능한 구조로 개선하여 외부 요인에 의해 그 외관 형태가 쉽게 변형되거나 유지보수 비용의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 선박용 착탈식 로브 레일 조립체에 관한 것으로, 상기 로브 레일은, 상기 선박의 외측면에 세워져 설치되며, 서로 간격을 두고 나란하게 연장되는 한 쌍의 가이드레일; 상기 가이드레일을 선박으로부터 착탈가능하게 연결하는 착탈식 결합수단; 및 상기 선박의 외측면에 형성되어 상기 착탈식 결합수단을 수용하는 포켓부를 포함하여 구성된 것을 특징으로 하므로, 선박을 운항하는 과정에서 상기 가이드레일이 해수의 영향을 받아 외형이 쉽게 변형되거나 부식 현상이 빠르게 진행되는 문제점을 미연에 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있다 
아울러, 상기 착탈식 결합수단을 구성한 가이드레일의 선박 설치구조는 기존의 고정식 로브 레일 보다 설치공정 단순화할 수 있고, 설치인력을 줄일 수 있는 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20130033878-A (KR)
Title: Water penetration preventing and cleaning structure of nozzle assembly
Inventor: LEE WON YOUNG
IPC: E03D9/08
Filed: 2011-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A moisture permeation blocking and cleaning structure of a nozzle assembly is provided to prevent contamination around the nozzle assembly or inside the main body and remove foreign substances attached to the surface of the nozzle assembly. CONSTITUTION: A moisture permeation blocking and cleaning structure of a nozzle assembly are implemented by a blocking member(30). The blocking member includes at an end of the nozzle assembly(20) and forms a penetration hole. A removable sealing member(32) is included at the penetration hole, and a diaphragm(32a) is successively included at the inner side of the sealing member. The permeation of the moisture is blocked by the blocking member. Contaminants on the surface are removed by the diaphragm inside the sealing member in appearance of the nozzle assembly.
Patent KR-20130035315-A (KR)
Title: Device for adjusting tension for wire
Inventor: PARK SOON WOOK
IPC: B66D1/50
Filed: 2011-09-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A wire tension control device is provided to accurately measure brake force regardless of environmental conditions by measuring the pushed force of a brake module. CONSTITUTION: A wire tension control device comprises a holding unit and a brake unit(150). The holding unit comprises a bobbin, a penetration shaft, and a holding frame and rotationally holds a wire drum. A wire(60) is wound on the exterior of the bobbin. The penetration shaft is coupled to a hollow hole of the wire drum. The holding frame supports the penetration shaft. The brake unit controls brake force applied to the wire drum.
Patent KR-20110127094-A (KR)
Title: Roaster with roast pan movement tool
Inventor: LEE JIN HEE
IPC: A47J37/04
Filed: 2011-09-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A roasting device having a roasting tray moving unit is provided to easily collect oil by installing a slidable oil collecting tray in the bottom of a roasting tray moving unit. CONSTITUTION: A roasting tray moving unit comprises a heat source unit(12), a roasting tray(13), and a roasting tray moving unit(20). The heat source unit is installed on the top of a table(11). The roasting tray is located at the bottom of the heat source unit. Heat supplied from the heat source unit is transferred to the roasting tray to roast meat. The roasting tray moving unit moves or separates the roasting tray to/from the heat source unit.
Patent KR-20130035493-A (KR)
Title: Ester plasticizer composition
Inventor: LEE MI YEON
IPC: C07C69/82
Filed: 2011-09-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An ester plasticizer composition with improved process ability is provided to improve absorption rate and melting time, thereby obtaining uniform foaming performance. CONSTITUTION: An ester plasticizer composition with improved process ability comprises a hybrid alkyl-substituted terephthalate-based compound and immiscible alkyl-substituted terephthalate compound. The hybrid alkyl-substituted terephthalate-based compound is formed by reacting alcohol and acid. The alcohol is the mixture of C3-4 non-branched primary alcohol and C8-10 branched primary alcohol. The immiscible alkyl-substituted terephthalate compound is represented by chemical formula 1. The mixing ratio of the hybrid alkyl-substituted terephthalate compound and the immiscible alkyl-substituted terephthalate compound is 50:50-10:90.
Patent KR-20130035580-A (KR)
Title: Stacked image sensor and method to manufacture thereof
Inventor: HAN YOUNG GEUN
IPC: H01L27/146
Filed: 2011-09-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stacked image sensor and a forming method thereof are provided to equalize the intensity of RGB signals by increasing the absorbance of light of a red wavelength band. CONSTITUTION: P-type semiconductors(P1,P2) and N-type semiconductors(N1,N2) are alternatively laminated on one side of a substrate. A plurality of photoelectric conversion layers(110,120,130) are formed in a junction area between the P-type semiconductors and the N-type semiconductors. The plurality of photoelectric conversion layers selectively absorb light(111,121,131) of red, green, and blue wavelength bands. A red light scattering layer(140) is formed on one side of the photoelectric conversion layer to absorb the light of the red wavelength band. The red light scattering layer scatters the light of the red wavelength band before the light of the red wavelength band reaches the photoelectric conversion layer to absorb the light of the red wavelength band.
Patent KR-20130036961-A (KR)
Title: Coating device using plasma
Inventor: PARK JONG HEON
IPC: C23C14/40
Filed: 2011-10-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A coating device for plasma is provided to increase reaction efficiency by gasifying a reactant at controlled temperature and pressure and to coat the reactant at a constant thickness by generating uniform plasma reaction area more widely. CONSTITUTION: A coating device for plasma comprises an atmospheric pressure plasma device(100) and a gasifying device(200). The atmospheric pressure plasma device comprises multiple electrodes to form uniform plasma area. The gasifying device is arranged in the outside of the atmospheric pressure plasma device to provide a gasified reactant to the atmospheric pressure plasma device.
Patent KR-20130037087-A (KR)
Title: Nonvolatile memory device and programming method of the same
Inventor: PARK SANG SOO
IPC: G11C16/12
Filed: 2011-10-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A nonvolatile memory device and a programming method thereof are provided to reduce power consumption in a program operation by applying an inhibition voltage to each bit line in each program loop. CONSTITUTION: A first program pulse and a second program pulse for programming a memory cell are successively applied with one or more corresponding program states among first to n-th program states. The first program pulse is applied to a bit line connected to the memory cell with the first to n-th program states instead of an inhibition voltage(S120). The inhibition voltage is applied to the bit line connected to the memory cell to be programmed with the program state corresponding to the first program pulse(S140). A second program pulse is applied(S160). [Reference numerals] (S120) Applying a first program pulse instead of an inhibition voltage to a bit line connected to a memory cell to be programmed in first to n-th program states; (S140) Applying the inhibition voltage to the bit line connected to the memory cell to be programmed with a program state corresponding to the first program pulse in the first to n-th program states; (S160) Applying a second program pulse;
Patent KR-20130037453-A (KR)
Title: Composition for anti-wrinkling and whitening, comprising an extract of meretrix as an effective component
Inventor: LEEM KANG HYUN
IPC: A61K8/98
Filed: 2011-10-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition containing a Meretrix extract for anti-wrinkling and whitening is provided to remove side effects and to suppress collagenase tyrosinase activities. CONSTITUTION: A composition for anti-wrinkling and whitening contains 0.1-50 wt% of a Meretrix extract. The extract is prepared using 10-100 volume% of C2-C5 alcohol solution and heating for 10 minutes to 30 hours.
Patent KR-20130038002-A (KR)
Inventor: HONG SUNG PYO
IPC: H04W68/02
Filed: 2011-10-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A trigger request transmission server, a trigger request transmission method, a communication network, and a terminal trigger method thereof are provided to trigger terminals as a group unit in a communication network for an MTC(Machine Type Communication). CONSTITUTION: An MTC server(140) receives a trigger request from an external server. The MTC server determines a trigger request transmission method based on communication network information and information included in the trigger request. The MTC server transmits the trigger requests based on the trigger request transmission method. An SMS(Short Message Service) entity receives the trigger request from the MTC server. The SMS entity transmits an SMS message including the trigger request to UE(User Equipment)(120). [Reference numerals] (AA) Triggering an SMS group; (BB) Triggering a paging group; (CC) Triggering a broadcast group;
Patent KR-20130039222-A (KR)
Title: Sign lamps and sign device using it
Inventor: KIM MOO SANG
IPC: E01F9/06
Filed: 2011-10-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A visual guidance lamp and a visual guidance device using the same are provided to secure traffic safety by turning on or off light of suitable colors engaging with a signal light. CONSTITUTION: A visual guidance lamp(10) comprises a case, a partitioning section(12), a light emitting unit, an embedded unit, and a control unit. The embedded unit is installed at a lower part of the case and is embedded in a road. The partitioning section partitions inner space of the case to an upper direction or four side directions. The light emitting unit comprises a first, a second, a third, a fourth, and a fifth light emitting unit(15A,15B,15C,15D,15E). A visual guidance device comprises a signal light controller, a plurality of visual guidance lamps, and an integrated control module. [Reference numerals] (AA) Vehicle way direction; (BB) Pedestrian way direction;
Patent KR-20130042203-A (KR)
Title: Solar cell apparatus and method of fabricating the same
Inventor: LIM CHIN WOO
IPC: H01L31/18
Filed: 2011-10-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A photovoltaic generation apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to increase the contact area of connection parts and a back electrode layer, and to reduce contact resistance. CONSTITUTION: A back electrode layer(200) is arranged on a support substrate. A light absorption layer(300) is arranged on the back electrode layer. A buffer layer(400) is arranged on the light absorption layer. A front electrode layer(500) is arranged on the buffer layer. The back electrode layer includes a first electrode part and a second electrode part.
Patent KR-20130043865-A (KR)
Title: Device and method for sensing touch input
Inventor: KWON YONG IL
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2011-10-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A touch sensing device and method are provided to minimize influence of noise generated in a display device without a separate shielding layer, thereby accurately determining touch input. CONSTITUTION: A panel unit is prepared in a display device as one body and includes sensing electrodes. A sensing circuit unit(410) generates an analog signal from change of capacitance. A signal conversion unit(420) generates a digital signal from the analog signal. An operation unit(430) determines touch from the digital signal. The signal conversion unit generates the digital signal by measuring time that the analog signal reaches to a reference signal level. The signal conversion unit controls a point which generates the analog signal by determining whether or not the measured time is included in an activation section of a clock signal of the display device. [Reference numerals] (410) Sensing circuit unit; (420) Signal conversion unit; (430) Operation unit
Patent KR-20130045694-A (KR)
Title: Power transmission apparatus of separable actuator
Inventor: KIM BYOUNG SOO
IPC: F16H1/32
Filed: 2011-10-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A detachable actuator is provided to obtain effects which can vary a reduction ratio and have a high degree of freedom and to be easily installed in a small space. CONSTITUTION: A detachable actuator comprises a first decelerating module(100) and a second decelerating module(200). A power transmission member comprises a first pulley module(300), a second pulley module(400), and a belt(500). The first pulley module is screw-fixed or is bolt-fixed to the first decelerating module for gear-connecting to an output shaft of the first decelerating module. The second pulley module is screw-fixed or is bolt-fixed to the second decelerating module for gear-connecting to an input shaft of the second decelerating module. The belt connects the first pulley module and the second pulley module in a caterpillar shape, and delivers power.
Patent KR-20130046617-A (KR)
Title: Nfc dongle having function of interfacing to output devices
Inventor: SIM KYU SUNG
IPC: H04B5/02
Filed: 2011-10-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An NFC(Near Field Communication) dongle including an interface function with an output device is provided to output a receipt stored in a user terminal by using an output device connecting to an existing payment terminal device. CONSTITUTION: A receipt data processing unit(110) receives receipt data transmitted from a payment terminal device. The receipt data processing unit transmits the received receipt data to a user terminal through an NFC method. A preamble data generating unit(120) generates preamble data for an output device based on receipt data read from the user terminal. A transmission unit(130) transmits preamble data output for the output device generated by the preamble data generation unit. An output request processing unit(140) for a payment terminal device transmits the received receipt data output preamble to the output device. [Reference numerals] (110) Receipt data processing unit; (120) Preamble data generating unit; (122) Data conversion unit; (130) Transmission unit; (132) Serial interface; (140) Output request processing unit for a payment terminal device; (150) NFC interface; (160) Main control unit; (AA) Payment terminal device; (BB) Output device; (CC) User terminal
Patent KR-20130047408-A (KR)
Title: Stanchion structure of bus
Inventor: LEE SEUNG JU
IPC: B60R99/00
Filed: 2011-10-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stanchion structure of a bus including two or more handles is provided to increase utilization of inner space of the bus and to reduce costs by not installing many stanchion structures inside the bus and by allowing a plurality of passengers to grip one stanchion structure. CONSTITUTION: A stanchion structure(100) of a bus including two or more handles comprises upper and lower stanchion pipes(110,120), two or more center stanchion pipes(130), and a connection member(140). The upper stanchion pipe and the lower stanchion pipe are individually fixed to the ceiling and bottom surface of the bus. The center stanchion pipes are installed between the upper stanchion pipe and the lower stanchion pipe in order to perform a handle role. The connection member is connected so that the center stanchion pipes are connected between the upper and the lower stanchion pipe.