Patent GB-466609-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in carrying out catalytic reactions
IPC: B01J21/16
Filed: 1935-12-10
Abstract: Valuable hydrocarbon products are produced by the thermal treatment, particularly in presence of hydrogenating gases, of carbonaceous materials in presence of catalysts or catalyst carriers comprising bleaching earths which do not give a jelly like mass by a treatment for one hour with a liquid swelling agent and which have been brought into a swelled state by treatment with a swelling agent.  Bleaching earths which contain Montmorillonite are specified, e.g. Florida earth, fuller's earth, Beidellite, Nontronite, &c.  The swelling of the bleaching earth is obtained by treatment with liquid swelling agents, e.g. water, dilute caustic solutions, organic compounds, e.g. alcohols, ethers, ketones or acids, hydrocarbons of low boiling point or their halogenated or sulphur derivatives.  Gases, e.g. ammonia may also be used.  The swelling treatment is carried out at temperatures below the boiling point of the treating agent for 5--30 hours.  The bleaching earths may be activated with fluorine or hydrofluoric acid. The usual catalysts for hydrogenation reactions may be absorbed on the earths as carriers.  The catalysts thus prepared may be used in destructive hydrogenation, refining hydrogenations, stabilization of hydrocarbon fluids, conversion of phenol and cresols into cyclic hydrocarbons and of phenol into cyclohexanol, dehydrogenation and dealkylisation reactions, the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and the production of liquid hydrocarbons from oxides of carbon and hydrogen.  A German bleaching earth is treated with water for 24 hours at about 100 DEG  C. while stirring continuously. After separating the water the earth is impregnated with a 10 per cent solution of ammonium thiotungstate, dried with exclusion of air and treated with hydrogen at 400 DEG  C.  The catalyst is pressed into pills and charged into a reaction vessel through which gas oil vapours are led with hydrogen at 425 DEG  C. and 200 atmos. pressure. A product is obtained which contains 70 per cent benzines boiling up to 185 DEG  C.ALSO:Valuable hydrocarbon products are produced by the thermal treatment, particularly in presence of hydrogenating gases, of carbonaceous materials in presence of catalysts or catalyst carriers comprising bleaching earths which do not give a jelly like mass by a treatment for one hour with a liquid swelling agent and which have been brought into a swelled state by treatment with a swelling agent.  Bleaching earths which contain Montmorillonite are specified, e.g. Florida earth, fuller's earth, Beidellite, Nontronite, &c.  The swelling of the bleaching earth is obtained by treatment with liquid swelling agents, e.g. water, dilute caustic solutions, organic compounds, e.g. alcohols ethers, ketones, or acids, hydrocarbons of low boiling point or their halogenated or sulphur derivatives.  Gases, e.g. ammonia may also be used.  The swelling treatment is carried out at temperatures below the boiling point of the treating agent for 5--30 hours.  The bleaching earths may be activated with fluorine or hydrofluoric acid.  The usual catalysts for hydrogenation reactions may be absorbed on the earths as carriers.  The catalysts thus prepared may be used in destructive hydrogenations, refining hydrogenations, stabilization of hydrocarbon fluids, conversion of phenol and cresols into cyclic hydrocarbons and of phenol into cyclohexanol, dehydrogenation and dealkylization reactions, the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and the production of liquid hydrocarbons from oxides or carbon and hydrogen. A German bleaching earth is treated with water for 24 hours at about 100 DEG  C. while stirring continuously After separating the water the earth is impregnated with a 10 per cent solution of ammonium thiotungstate, dried with exclusion of air and treated with hydrogen at 400 DEG  C.  The catalyst is pressed into pills and charged into a reaction vessel through which gas oil vapours are led with hydrogen at 425 DEG  C. and 200 atmos. pressure.  A product is obtained which contains 70 per cent benzines boiling up to 185 DEG  C.