Patent GB-792703-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to compounded lubricating oils
Filed: 1954-07-07
Abstract: A hydrocarbon lubricating oil contains a salt of a surface-active sulphonic acid; an etherified and/or esterified polyalkylene glycol of formula: XO-(R-O)n-R-OY, where R is an alkylene radical of 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is an integer up to 20, X is a hydrocarbon or acyl residue containing more than 6 carbon atoms, and Y is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon or acyl residue; and an ether free from polyglycol groups and containing at least one radical having more than 6 carbon atoms. In the above formula, X may be, for example, 2-ethylhexyl, n-octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl and octadecenyl; an alkyl radical of an alcohol obtained by the reduction of natural or synthetic fatty acids by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, by oxosynthesis or by the oxidation of paraffin wax; phenyl, dibutyl phenyl dodecylphenyl, naphthyl, heptanaphthyl, hexadecylnaphthyl, benzyl, phenylethyl and phenyloctadecyl; methylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl or naphthenyl; a radical of a completely hydrogenated mono- or polysubstituted alkyl- or aralkyl phenol or -naphthol; or an acyl residue of caproic, capric, lauric, myristic or oleic acid, rapeseed fatty acid, castor oil fatty acid, hydroxystearic acid, a fatty acid obtained by the oxidation of paraffin wax, benzoic, benzylbenzoic, alkylbenzoic, phthalic, naphthenic, phenylstearic and hydroxyphenylstearic acids. Examples of glycols given are dodecylpentaethylene, octadecenyl hexaethylene, 2-ethylhexylpentaethylene, nonyl heptaethylene, phenyl ethyl pentaethylene, methyl cyclohexyl octaethylene, p-octylphenyl tetrapropylene, dodecyl cyclohexyl hexapropylene, hexylnaphthyl tetraethylene and tetra-propylene glycols and the reaction products of 1 mol. behenic alcohol and 12 mols. propylene oxide, or of 1 mol. dodecyl phenol and 12 mols. ethylene oxide; dodecyl or lauryl pentaethylene glycol methyl ether, p-octylphenyl tetraethylene glycol isopropyl ether, octadecenyl hexaethylene glycol phenyl ethyl ether, hydroxyoctadecyl pentaethylene glycol isopropyl ether and 2-ethylhexyl heptaethylene glycol benzyl ether; dodecylbenzyl pentapropylene glycol oleate, benzoyl pentaethylene glycol oleate, benzoyl heptaethylene heptapropylene glycol butyl ether, oleyl heptapropylene glycol ether, octadecenyl hexapropylene glycol ether and pentaethylene glycol monostearate.  The sulphonates may be heavy metal salts, especially alkaline earth metal or alkali metal or ammonium salts, e.g. Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg. Pb, Zn, Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Sn and Cd salts.  Specified sulphonic acids used to form the salts are mahogany or green oil sulphonic acids, n-alkyl, alkyl-benzene and dialkyl benzene sulphonic acids, e.g. C14 alkyl and C18 alkyl benzene sulphonic acids.  The calcium salt of the sulphonic acid prepared by reacting oleic acid and naphthalene in the presence of fuming sulphuric acid may also be used.  Ethers referred to are di-n-hexyl, di-n-octyl, di-n-nonyl, di-2-ethylhexyl, di-n-dodecyl, dodecyl-2-ethylhexyl, hexadecyl hexyl, octadecen-9-yl isobut-1-yl, butanediol - (1 : 3) - monooctyl, butanediol - (1 : 4) - isobutyldodecyl, lauryl cyclohexyl, nonyl 4-methylcyclohexyl, nonyl benzyl, tetrahydronaphthylmethyl 2-ethylhexyl, dodecyl phenyl, octyl-b -tetrahydro-naphthyl, 4-octyl phenyl-2-ethythexyl, octadecenyl 4-methylbenzyl, tetrahydronaphthylmethyl phenyl or benzyl, dibenzyl, and butanediol-(1 : 4)-dibenzyl ethers; dinaphthenyl, naphthenyl benzyl, naphthenyl butyl and naphthenyl 2-ethylhexyl ethers; and ethers of oxo alcohols.  From 1-25 per cent of the mixture of additives may be added to the oil.  The compositions may also contain naphtenates, e.g. barium naphthenate and basic alkaline earth metal naphthenates, and inhibitors, e.g. di-tert.-butyl-p-presol, ethylhexyl phenol, calcium dihexyl thiophosphate and the reaction product of pinene with P2S5.