baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-686791-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to yarn twisting machines
Inventor: HARTLEY JACK KENNETH
IPC: B65H63/036
Filed: 1950-05-19
Abstract: 686,791. Yarn-twisting machines. COURTAULDS, Ltd. May 18, 1951 [May 19, 1950], No. 12572/50. Class 120(ii) A yarn-twisting !machine comprises a double - twist spindle pivoted at its lower end and so mounted that when free it falls forward to a non- operative position, a collector for the twisted yarn, a yarn break detector and catch mechanism for holding the double twist snindle in a vertical driving position and releasing it at the instigation of the yarn break detector. As shown, yarn 1 from a bobbin 2 passes through yarn tensioning device 3 down a hollow spindle 4 into a thread storage groove 5 and then as a balloon 6, over a horizontal glass rod 8 to a traversing guide 9 which winds it on a cheese 10 held within a pivoted cradle 11 such that it is normally kept in contact with a drive roll 12. A floating lappet 13, having a short arm 14 and long arm 15 forming a bell-crank lever, is pivoted to the cradle 11. A further arm similar to arm 15 is pivoted at the opposite end of the cradle and a wire 17 joins this further arm and arm 15, the wire 17 being normally supported on the yarn 1. The said further arm has an extension 19 which carries a balance weight 18. The double twist spindle is mounted in a cradle 28 about a pivot 29 and is normally held vertically by a catch 27. In this vertical position the wharl 31 is in contact with a driving belt 30. A magnet 32 is used to prevent the bobbin carrier rotating. If yarn 1 breaks lappet 13 drops, the arm 14 falls into the path of a cam 20 on one end of the shaft of the drive roll 12 so that lug 21 on cam 20 forces arm 14 upwards and disconnects cheese 10 from drive roll 12 until the cradle 11, moving about its pivot 11A is held by a catch 22. As the cradle 11 lifts it depresses one end of lever 24 the other end of which is attached to a Bowden cable 25 such that the catch 27 is released against a spring 27A, and the cradle 28 falls away from the driving belt 30 until the wharl 31 contacts a brake shoe 33. In falling the lappet 13 compresses a spring 26 and when the arm 14 is released from the cam the spring 26 flicks the lappet 13 into a position where the arm 14 is out of the path of lug 21. Specifications 299,860, [Class 120(ii)], 590,182 and 670,540 and U.S.A. Specification 2,482,654 are referred to.
Patent GB-459043-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method of and apparatus for treating substances and forming films
IPC: A23C3/07
Filed: 1935-04-26
Abstract: <PICT:0459043/III/1> Films of flowing liquid maintaining continuity and uniformity of thickness over a considerable area without solid support are obtained by adopting means to counteract the tendency of surface tension to contract or break up the film.  Said means may be (1) giving the liquid a velocity component along the film-forming edge or slot as well as away from it, (2) in the case of an annular film giving the liquid an outward velocity component, (3) maintaining the lateral extension of the film by contact with guiding wires extending in the direction of flow.  The invention is particularly applicable to irradiation processes and the film may constitute the liquid to be treated and/or it may serve as a light filter or gas barrier between that liquid and the source of light.  Fig. 1 shows an irradiation apparatus in which the liquid to be treated passes from an annular trough 24 through perforations 32 to a passage 31 from which it issues as a film between lips 28, 30.  A tangential motion is imparted to the liquid either by the direction of the passages 32 or by deflectors at their outlets.  An outward velocity component is also imparted <PICT:0459043/III/2> <PICT:0459043/III/3> <PICT:0459043/III/4> <PICT:0459043/III/5> by adjusting the outer lip 28 to a lower leve than the inner lip 30.  Alternatively the whole annular nozzle may have an outward aspect as in Fig. 7, or the film may be formed by causing it to impinge against a single surface 75 as in Fig. 9, the lower edge being suitably shaped as at 76 to eject the liquid in the desired direction.  The annular film 50 is received on the lower part of the surrounding reflector 106 and corrected in a trough 107. Between it and the lamp 35 is disposed a second film 61 produced by similar means to act as a filter or screen.  Fig. 13 shows the production of a plane film which is prevented from contracting by giving the liquid a motion from the centre to both ends of the distributing trough 160.  The two outer edges 162 of the film become thickened and as treatment may thus be impaired they may be separately collected as shown.  Fig. 15 shows a plane film in which guide wires 171 are disposed.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises further details corresponding to the subject-matter of Specification 459,118.  This subject-matter is disclaimed in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-164595-A (GB)
Title: System and apparatus for the utilisation of natural thermal energy
IPC: F03G7/04
Filed: 1920-05-06
Abstract: 164,595. Merz, F. May 6, 1920. Addition to 152,753. Vapour-engines.-In an improved system and apparatus, of the kind claimed in the parent Specification, the concentrated solution is supplied by a pump 80 through a regenerator 79 to the vessel 14<1>, in which it is sprayed through a gas saturated with water vapour supplied by a pump 90. The gas heated by the dilution process, and by the condensation of the water vapour passes by a duct 74 through a vessel 22<1> containing an easily-vaporizable liquid, and also a motor for utilizing the vapour. From the duct 74 the gas passes through vessels 96, 93, in the latter of which it is again treated with water supplied by a pipe 94. From the vessel 93 the water-laden gas flows through a chamber 92 traversed by a pipe conveying a hot liquid, and through a vessel 91 surrounding the vessel 96, so that an exchange of heat takes place. From the vessel 91 the saturated gas is supplied to the vessel 22' by the pump 90. The exhaust vapour from the motor passes by a pipe 101 to parallel vessels 102, 103. The vessel 102 traverses the saturator 93 so that an exchange of heat takes place, and the vessel 103 traverses a vessel 104 through which a cool liquid flows. Valves 105, 106, 108 are provided to control the flow through the vessels 102, 103 to the pipe 100, which conveys the liquid back to the generator-containing vessel 22<1>. The concentrated solution in the bottom of the vessel 14<1> may be circulated by a pump 83 until the desired degree of dilution is reached, when it is poured away for fresh concentration through the vessel 86, heating the solution in the duct 79 during its passage. The partly-diluted solution collecting in the duct 74 is returned by the pump 83 to the vessel 14', or when the valve 88 is open passes away through the vessel 86.
Patent GB-1336667-A (GB)
Title: Gas laser discharge tube
IPC: H01S3/03
Filed: 1971-05-03
Abstract: 1336667 Lasers RCA CORPORATION 3 May 1971 [8 May 1970] 12670/71 Heading H1C In a gas laser using an active medium which is subject to cataphoresis, such as a metal vapour, a pressure equalization path is provided containing electrically conductive devices to prevent the laser pumping discharge passing along the path. In Fig. 1, the tube 10 has anodes 18 and 22 adjacent its ends and a cathode 26 between them; cadmium vapour is provided by heater 32 and is pumped by a discharge between the anode 18 and the cathode, the use of a central cathode preventing deposition of cadmium on the end windows. The gas pressure rises at the cathode due to cataphoresis, and is equalized by path 38 of much wider bore than the tube 34 in which the discharge occurs. Conductive devices 40, which are essentially a bundle of tubes formed from discrete tubes or from corrugated metal or from metal mesh, prevent discharges in path 38 provided they are suitably spaced. The area around cathode 26 is also heated to maintain a uniform density of vapour in that region so as to minimize noise in the laser output. In Fig. 2 the equalizing path is coaxial with the discharge path defined by narrow tube 80. An aperture in the latter communicates with the cathode, and this tube also has a heated cadmium source 70, 74 at each extreme. This embodiment is otherwise similar to Fig. 1, but the use of two heated cadmium sources removes the need to heat the cathode region. If the length of the whole laser tube is substantial, extra paths equalizing regions intermediate the anodes and the cathode are necessary to maintain minimum output noise.
Patent GB-582780-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for feeding granular material
IPC: B65D88/56
Filed: 1944-07-04
Abstract: 582,780. Shoots. DERBYSHIRE STONE, Ltd., WILLIAMS, F., and HOBDAY, J. W. July 4, 1944, No. 12701. [Class 78 (i)] In apparatus for feeding stone, ore, and the like of the kind comprising a combined hopper and shoot of channel formation which is movable about a transverse axis from a hopper position in which the material delivered upon it remains static to a shoot position in which such material moves by gravity to and off the delivery end, a chain net-work or curtain is suspended from the side walls of the combined hopper and shoot adjacent the delivery end to prevent material leaving the hopper at the lesser angles of inclination. The hopper 10, Fig. 1, is pivoted at 20 in pedestals 21 and normally rests upon a platform 15. It is pivoted also to a pair of pivoted hydraulic rams 24 which when actuated move it to the position shown in broken lines. Material is retained in the hopper when in the lowered position by a chain network comprising an upper portion of horizontal bars 26, Fig. 2, linked together at 27 and a lower portion of chain lengths 28. The top bar is inserted in any one of a series of holes 29 formed in the sides of the hopper. The sides are connected by a plate 31 which forms the upper boundary of a discharge aperture 30.
Patent GB-1032312-A (GB)
Title: Process for the catalytic reforming of hydro-carbon mixtures
IPC: C10G21/00
Filed: 1964-03-25
Abstract: <PICT:1032312/C4-C5/1> The invention comprises a process for the catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbon mixture in which at least a portion of the reformate obtained is subjected to selective extraction with a solvent selective for aromatics after which there is separated from the extract phase an extract material having a lower aromatic content than the original extract phase, a portion of the extract material being returned to the selective extraction step and a further portion of the extract material being again subjected to a catalytic reforming treatment, e.g. in admixture with the original hydrocarbon mixture.  The extract material having a low aromatic content may be obtained from the extract phase by distillation or by further solvent extraction using a paraffinic solvent of higher boiling-point than the reformate. The hydrocarbon starting material may be partially freed from sulphur and or nitrogen and may contain olefins which have been partially or wholly saturated and include straightrun hydrocarbon oils, e.g. gasolines. Specified solvents include furfural, phenol, acetonitrile, glycols, sulpholanes, sulpholenes and sulphur dioxide.  As shown in Fig. 1, hydrocarbon feed admixed with hydrogen passes through furnace 3, reformer 5, furnace 7, reformer 9, furnace 7, reformer 12 and then into separator 14, the gaseous portion which is mainly hydrogen being recycled via line 2.  Liquid from separator 14 passes into stabilizer 17 from which butane and lighter components are removed via lines 18, separator 54, lines 19 and 21 any liquid being partially recycled via line 20.  The stabilized product enters extractor 23 and contacts solvent provided via line 24.  Extract phase enters stripping column 27 and a fraction relatively low in aromatics is taken off at the top of the column and is partially recycled to extractor 23 and to reformer 5 via furnace 3.  A bottom fraction rich in aromatics passes to distillation column 29 from which aromatics are taken off as a top product via line 34 any water being removed from separator 32 via line 33.  The bottom fraction from column 29 is recycled to extractor 23 additional fresh solvent being supplied via line 36.  In Fig. 2 (not shown), the distillation step is replaced by a secondary extraction stop using a paraffinic secondary solvent, the portion relatively low in aromatics being then distilled to remove the secondary solvent which is recycled, the residuum being fractionated to provide a fraction which may be recycled to the reforming step.
Patent GB-1025065-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of flat glass
IPC: C03B18/06
Filed: 1964-03-25
Abstract: <PICT:1025065/C1/1> <PICT:1025065/C1/2> An apparatus, for use in the manufacture of flat glass during which glass in ribbon form is advanced along a bath of molten metal contained in a tank structure, comprises a trough-shaped slipper 2 mounted relative to the tank structure and held sloping downwardly and partially submerged in the molten metal 3, and an edge roll 24 projecting through the tank side wall into the trough in the slipper 2 so that the top surface of the edge roll lies above the top edge of the slipper and can engage under a margin 22 of a ribbon of glass 23 advanced along the bath, while the slipper preserves the edge roll from contact with the molten metal bath 3. The slipper 2 is preferably made of carbon, although it may be made of refractory material and have carbon inserts dove-tailed in its top edges (see 31, Fig. 5, not shown).  The slipper 2 is supported by two cantilever beams 14, 15, bolted to a block 20 outside the tank structure. The block 20 also supports a bearing mounting 26 through which the shank 25 of the edge roll 24 passes, said shank also passing through a channel 13 in the outer end wall of the slipper. There is a clearance gap between the slipper and the edge roll 24.  The edge roll is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, mild steel or stainless steel, and both it and its shank 25 are hollow and water cooled.  An upper edge roll 29 also mounted through the tank side wall, and block 20 may be located above the edge roll 24 to co-operate with edge roll 24 to grip the margin 22 of the glass ribbon 23 thus to advance it down the bath.
Patent GB-705855-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photo-electric exposure meters
IPC: G01J1/42
Filed: 1951-05-30
Abstract: 705,855. Photo-electric exposure meters. ZEISS IKON AKT.-GES. May 30, 1951 [Sept. 3, 1949], No. 12754/51. Class 98(1). [Also in Group XL(b)] In a photo-electric exposure meter of the type in which the meter movement or a part thereof is movable to provide a setting means which allows variable exposure factors to be taken into account, the meter movement or a part thereof is movable without alteration of its electrical characteristic upon movements of calibrated members of a setting mechanism which may be set in accordance with desired values of exposure factors, one of said calibrated members being mechanically connected to said meter movement or part thereof through means in the setting mechanism including a cam so shaped and arranged that in use it serves to reconcile the calibration of said calibrated members with the response characteristic of the meter movement. As shown, a meter 11 electrically connected with a photo-cell (not shown) is secured as a whole with a gear 9 to an axle 10 and is urged clockwise by a spring 14. A gear sector 8 on one arm of a lever 4 pivoted at 5 meshes with the gear while the other end of the lever is formed as a nose 6 which bears against a cam track 7 formed in the underside of the outer ring 3 of a calculator comprising rotatable rings 2, 3 and a stationary disc 1. The disc 1 carries a mark 15 against which may be read a scale 16 of film speeds on the ring 2, this ring carrying also a scale 17 of aperture values which may be read against a scale 18 of exposure times on the ring 3. In use, the ring 2 is first set to allow for the film speed and the ring 3 is then rotated until the pointer 12 of the meter is aligned with a fixed mark 13 when the appropriate combination of shutter speed and aperture may be read from the scales 17, 18. If desired, adjustment of the ring 2 may also effect adjustment of the camera shutter-speed or the diaphragm mechanisms.
Patent GB-850624-A (GB)
Title: Claw hammer with tubular handle
Inventor: LAY CLARENCE MARION
IPC: B25D1/00
Filed: 1958-04-22
Abstract: 850,624. Hammers. VAUGHAN & BUSHNELL MANUFACTURING CO. April 22, 1958, No. 12791/58. Class 61. A hammering tool has a head 11 with an open-ended eye 17 of uniform cross-sectional shape, a handle 12 of metal tubing of uniform wall-thickness having a central neck 23 and flared outwards at both ends to extend into a front part 25 that fits snugly into the eye 17 and a rear part 24 to carry a tubular grip 14 ; a slightly compressible tapered plug 13 being driven into the part 25 and extending no less than half-way through the neck 23 whose central walls it contacts. The uniform sectioned part 24 joins the rear flare of the neck 23 in a shoulder 26 that causes the outer surface of the rubber grip 14 to blend. The eye 17, the plug 13 and the front part 25 of the handle are square in cross-section and the latter has slots 30 that permit it to expand into the eye 17 when the plug is driven. A wedge 15 is inserted into the plug after it has been assembled and tongues 31 on the end of the handle are turned inwards under a sealing pad 16.
Patent GB-1418443-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for coating food articles
IPC: A22C13/00
Filed: 1974-03-22
Abstract: 1418443 Coating food M & H STEMMLER GmbH 22 March 1974 [25 Aug 1973] 12807/74 Heading A2D [Also in Division B2] A process for coating a food article with a coating agent dissolved in a solvent comprises moistening the food article with the solvent containing the coating agent, holding the article in a liquid-free atmosphere containing solvent vapours and blowing the article with air whilst removing the solvent vapours. Prior to moistening, the article may be blown with warm air. The food article is preferably sausage or meat. A suitable apparatus for carrying out the invention is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises a storage tank 12 for the solvent containing the coating agent, e.g. an acetone solution containing cellulose propionate and a diacetylated monoglyceride, which is connected via pipe means to two working tanks 14 in which coating takes place. There is provided a reversible pump 18 for supplying the solvent containing the coating agent to, and withdrawing the solvent containing the coating agent from the working tanks. The food articles in tanks 14 can be blown by means of blower 50. Solvent and coating agent withdrawn from tanks 14 are returned to the storage tank 12 via the stand pipe 26.
Patent GB-1203017-A (GB)
Title: Integration of crude fractionation with petrochemical production
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1969-03-11
Abstract: 1,203,017. Fractionating crude oil; cracking gas oil. LUMMUS CO. 11 March, 1969 [21 March, 1968], No. 12838/69. Heading C5E. The fractionation of crude oil is integrated with the production of petrochemicals, e.g. ethylene and propylene by the following scheme: (a) light distillates are separated from crude oil in a first fractionation zone; (b) steam is added to the remaining heavy crude and the mixture is heated by passage through the convection zone of a pyrolysis heater; (c) the heated mixture is passed to a second fractionation zone in which gas oil is separated; and (d) gas oil vapour from (c) is cracked by passage through the radiant zone of the pyrolysis heater. The gas oil vapour may be mixed with superheated steam prior to cracking. Residuum crude may be recovered from step (c) and treated in one of the following ways: (1) by coking in a coking zone, the recovered vapours being introduced into the first fractionation zone, and (2) by coking in a coking zone, and recovering from said zone a gas oil fraction which is introduced into the second fractionation zone.
Patent GB-1056732-A (GB)
Title: Fuel element for a nuclear reactor
IPC: G21C3/16
Filed: 1965-03-26
Abstract: 1,056,732. Fuel elements. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. March 26, 1965 [April 20, 1964], No. 12856/65. Heading G6C. A fuel element comprises a ceramic fuel of relatively low fissile content having an axial void therein, a tube of a corrosion-resistant material surrounding the ceramic fuel, and a slender wire of a metallic fuel of relatively high fissile content disposed in the axial void, the axial void being substantially larger than the wire. One such fuel element 10 (Figure not shown) comprises a stack of sintered natural UO2 pellets 11 surrounded by a Zr alloy tube 14, an axial void 12 passing through the stack and housing a Pu-15%-Zr alloy wire 16 which in the preferred form of the invention is bare but which may also be clad in any suitable corrosion-resistant material. Solid natural UO2 spacer pellets 13 are located between the ends of the stack of pellets 11 and corresponding end caps 15. When the fuel element is raised to operating temperature, the wire 16 is oxidized almost instantly and before it can melt by reacting with the UO2. The volume of the axial void 12 should be about 2¢ x the volume of the wire 16 to accommodate the resulting expansion while preventing slumping of the reaction products to the bottom of the void. In order that the wire 16 when clad will react with the UO2, the cladding must be a material which is more reactive than Pu with UO2, or it must have a lower coefficient of expansion than Pu so that it will burst on heating, or it must have a lower m.p. than Pu so that it melts first. Both Zr and Al fulfil all these requirements. An axial void will form in a ceramic fuel element during irradiation, whether or not the element originally contained an axial Pu-containing wire, provided the density of the ceramic fuel is not too high and provided the temperature reached at the centre of the element is high enough. The formation of such a void is due to the high temperature along the axis of the element causing oriented crystal growth to occur concurrently with sintering, which together lead to an increase in density and a resultant shrinkage. A control void results along the axis of the fuel element which may be filled with a Pu-containing wire to rejuvenate the element so that it can be used for a second irradiation cycle without reprocessing. In the case of an element which does not initially contain a Pucontaining wire, the presence of an axial void can be ensured by drilling a hole through the element prior to irradiation. The hole may be lined with a Zr or W tube.
Patent GB-1467152-A (GB)
Title: Laser system
IPC: H01S3/101
Filed: 1974-03-22
Abstract: 1467152 Lasers AVCO EVERETT RESEARCH LABORATORY Inc 22 March 1974 [9 April 1973] 12884/74 Heading HlC [Also in Division C7] In a laser system a laser beam is oscillated along a predetermined path so that the average radiation intensity along that path-Fig. 4- conforms to a predetermined intensity distribution. In hardening the surface of a metal sample 16, e.g. cast iron coated with manganese phosphate, being moved in the direction 18 a laser beam is ocillated rapidly in the direction 19 while at the same time a scanning mirror system 14 scans the laser beam up and down the sample surface at a rate slower than the primary oscillation. During the "fly-back" period of mirror 12 the scanning beam may be prevented from impinging on the sample, e.g. by an occulting member 38 or by rotating a mirror 11. An aperture 10 blanks off the extreme ends 55 of the oscillation cycle, so as to present a more uniform average beam intensity, Fig. 4. The beam may be oscillated in sawtooth manner Fig. 8 (not shown). By oscillating the beam simultaneously in two directions, Figs. 9-11 (not shown), an average beam path of larger area-which may be a circle or any Lissajou figure-may be obtained.