Patent GB-809538-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the method of and apparatus for the production of carbon black
IPC: C09C1/50
Filed: 1955-05-25
Abstract: <PICT:0809538/III/1> <PICT:0809538/III/2> <PICT:0809538/III/3> <PICT:0809538/III/4> In the production of carbon black by thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon by direct heat exchange with a turbulent mass of hot gas in a reaction zone, the gas, or a gas which, by chemical reaction, produces the gas, is passed in a direction countercurrent to the hydrocarbon through a heating zone in indirect heat exchange with, and preferably coaxial with, at least part of the reaction zone before introduction thereinto. Reactant hydrocarbon, e.g. predominantly aromatic mixtures such as recycle gas oil, gas oil, fuel oil, kerosene, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, or methane, is injected, in Fig. 1, through inlet 5 and flows axially through cylindrical refractory reaction chamber 6.  Air enters, at 8, heating chamber 7, partially surrounding and coaxial with chamber 6, and passes into chamber 6 through one or more inlets 9, 10 tangential to the cylindrical wall 4 of chamber 6.  Partial combustion of the axial hydrocarbon with air entering through 9, 10 forms a helically moving blanket of combustion gases flowing along the wall of the chamber 6.  A stoichiometric deficiency of air is maintained in chamber 6, so that remaining axial hydrocarbon is converted to carbon by direct heat transfer from the combustion gases.  By this means the air passing through the chamber 7 is heated by the countercurrent flow of gases in chamber 6.  Alternatively, fuel, e.g. carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, residue gas, or liquid hydrocarbon, may be added at 12 to the air in the heating chamber 7, to form a combustible mixture, when heat is transferred to the reaction chamber 6, before the combustion gases pass through 9, 10 into chamber 6. The apparatus has insulation 3 enclosed in shell 1. In Fig. 4 the reactant hydrocarbon from inlet 18 passes axially through combustion chamber 16 and reaction chamber 17.  Air and fuel enter heating chamber 21, surrounding and coaxial with chamber 17, through tangential inlets 19, 20, respectively.  The combustion gases pass, from heating chamber 21, through conduits 22 positioned obliquely to the common axis of the chambers in a direction corresponding to the helical flow of gases in chamber 21.  The combustion gases reverse in combustion chamber 16 and form a helically flowing blanket adjacent the wall of reaction chamber 17.  In Fig. 8, the reactant hydrocarbon flows axially from inlet 18, through combustion zone 21 into refractory tubular reaction chamber 17.  Combustion gases entering through tangential or radial burner inlets 44 flow back through the heating section of chamber 21 towards end wall 15 and reverse into the reaction chamber 17 as in Fig. 4.  The tube 40 is provided with baffle ring 41.  A similar type of apparatus is shown in Fig. 12, but a refractory helical baffle 50 is provided to facilitate the helical movement of the combustion gases through the heating section of the combustion chamber 21, before they enter reactor tube 17.  Air or air and fuel gas have been referred to as passing through the heating chamber, but oxygen, or oxygen and air may be used or, alternatively, previously heated inert gas, e.g. hydrogen or nitrogen, may be used. Specifications 621,031 and 679,818 are referred to.