Patent GB-677062-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in lubricating oil compositions
IPC: C10M135/02
Filed: 1948-02-05
Abstract: A condensation product of an aliphatic compound with an aromatic compound, which condensation product has been treated with a sulphur halide so that it contains sulphur and halogen in chemical combination, is employed as an additive in lubricating compositions (see Group III).  The use of a condensation product of an aromatic hydrocarbon with chlorinated paraffin wax or other chlorinated hydrocarbon wax or chlorinated paraffin as the condensation product is excluded.  Aliphatic compounds which may be used in preparing the condensation product include olefins made from petroleum wax, oleic acid, methyl oleate, oleyl alcohol, naturally occurring waxes (e.g. palm wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax and spermaceti), long chain aliphatic esters e.g. methyl stearate, ethyl oleate, cetyl acetate and oleyl butyrate) and long chain aliphatic alcohols (e.g. lauryl oleyl and cetyl alcohols).  Aromatic compounds which may be used in preparing the condensation product include benzene, toluene, naphthalene, butyl naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide, diphenylene oxide, diphenyl sulphide, diphenyl ethylene and mixtures rich in aromatic compounds such as coal tar fractions and extracts from the solvent refining of mineral lubricating oil. The aliphatic compound may be halogenated and then condensed with the aromatic compound by the Friedel-Craft reaction or the aliphatic compound may be unsaturated so that condensation takes place at the double bond. The condensation product itself may be chemically unsaturated.  The preferred sulphur halide is sulphur chloride.  In the example, cetene-1 is condensed with diphenyl oxide in presence of activated clay and the condensation product (cetyl diphenyl oxide) is heated with sulphur monochloride.  A preparation method of general application is also described in which the aliphatic compound is chlorinated, then condensed with an aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene or anthracene in presence of aluminium chloride and finally heated with sulphur chloride.  If desired, the product may be subjected to a purification process.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, refers to a sulphurized halogenated condensation product of chlorinated paraffin wax with an aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene or anthracene, prepared according to the above-mentioned method of general application.  Paraffin wax, mineral distillates, foots oil, mineral wax fractions, high boiling fractions from crude mineral oil and long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons are mentioned as suitable aliphatic compounds which may be used in the preparation of the condensation product.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:A lubricating composition having a low cold test and a high film strength comprises a major proportion of lubricating oil and a minor proportion of a condensation product of an aliphatic compound with an aromatic compound, which condensation product has been treated with a sulphur halide so that it contains sulphur and halogen in chemical combination.  The use of a condensation product of an aromatic hydrocarbon with chlorinated paraffin wax or other chlorinated hydrocarbon wax or chlorinated paraffin as the condensation product is excluded.  Aliphatic compounds which may be used in preparing the condensation product include olefins made from petroleum wax, oleic acid, methyl oleate, oleyl alcohol, naturally occurring waxes (e.g. palm wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax and spermaceti), long chain aliphatic esters (e.g. methyl stearate, ethyl oleate, cetyl acetate and oleyl butyrate) and long chain aliphatic alcohols (e.g. lauryl, oleyl and cetyl alcohols).  Aromatic compounds which may be used in preparing the condensation product include benzene, toluene, naphthalene, butyl naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide, diphenylene oxide, diphenyl sulphide, diphenyl ethylene and mixtures rich in aromatic compounds such as coal tar fractions and extracts from the solvent refining of mineral lubricating oil.  The aliphatic compound may be halogenated and then condensed with the aromatic compound by the Friedel-Craft reaction or the aliphatic compound may be unsaturated so that condensation takes place at the double bond. The condensation product itself may be unsaturated.  The preferred sulphur halide is sulphur chloride.  The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil or may be hydrogenated, polymerized, voltolized, treated with aluminium chloride, or otherwise treated. Furthermore, the lubricating oil may consist wholly or in part of shale oil, or animal or vegetable oils such as castor oil, lard oil, corn oil or cottonseed oil.  The lubricating composition may contain additional ingredients such as halogenated organic acids, particularly chlorinated stearic acid, thickening agents, particularly sodium stearate or aluminium stearate, yarn, hair, graphite, glycerol, water, lampblack, mica, zinc dust or litharge.  Where a thickening agent is employed, sufficient may be added to produce a grease structure.  The lubricating compositions may be blended in gasoline and other petroleum fuels.  In an example, diphenyloxde is condensed with cetene-1, the condensation product is heated with sulphur chloride, and the resulting material is blended with mineral lubricating oil, chlorinated stearic acid being added if desired.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, refers to a condensation product of chlorinated paraffin wax with an aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene or anthracene and its addition, after treatment with sulphur chloride or other sulphur halide, to a lubricating oil.  Paraffin wax, mineral distillates, foots oil, mineral wax fractions, high boiling fractions from crude mineral oil and long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons are mentioned as suitable aliphatic compounds which may be used in the preparation of the condensation product.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.