Patent GB-562091-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of synthetic resinous compositions
IPC: C08G69/00
Filed: 1942-08-28
Abstract: Synthetic resins are prepared by heating in presence of monohydric alcohol and, if desired, of an acid condensation catalyst, a linear polyamide-forming substance with the condensation product of formaldehyde and one or more of the following substances, namely, urea, substituted ureas, thioureas, guanidine, substituted guanidines, aminotriazines and substituted aminotriazines.  In a typical example, formaldehyde is made alkaline with caustic soda, urea and n-butyl alcohol are added and the mixture heated at boiling temperature for approximately 30 minutes.  Toluene, phthalic anhydride and hexamethylene diammonium adipate are then added and the mixture again heated to boiling point, the condensate being returned to the reaction vessel after separation of water.  After removal of sufficient water, distillation is continued without the return of the condensate and a clear viscous resin solution results.  A coating of this solution dried and baked yields a clear, hard, tough and flexible film.  Other linear polyamide-forming substances specified are hexamethylene diammonium sebacate; hexamethylene diammonium oxalate; decamethylene diammonium sebacate; heptamethylene diammoniumpimelate; ethylene diammonium sebacate; hexamethylene diammonium maleate; the salt from sebacic acid and 1 : 4-di-(b -aminoethyl) benzene.  If desired, condensation of the formaldehyde with urea or similar substance may be performed in the presence of both the alcohol and the linear polyamide-forming substances, or the pre-formed methylol compound of the urea or similar compounds may be used.  Other alcohols which may be used are methyl ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl, octyl or benzyl. Benzene or other hydrocarbons may replace the toluene in the above example or the water may be removed by the use of silica gel in the separator, or by the use of an auxiliary fractionating column to separate water from the alcohol before the latter is returned to the reaction vessel.  In place of phthalic anhydride, other acid catalysts which may be used are benzoic, formic, acetic, maleic, adipic, citric, phosphoric, phosphorous, hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, or acid salts or acid resins.  The use of melamine or a mixture of melamine and urea is also exemplified.  The amount of alcohol used should be not less than in the ratio of 1.4 : 1 of alcohol to the theoretical amount of urea condensate. Formaldehyde may be present in excess, the resulting resin being correspondingly harder.  The resins may be blended with other film forming materials, such as alkyd resins, oleo-resinous varnishes, lacquers, natural resins, drying oils, non-drying oils, and waxes. Plasticisers, pigments and dyes may be incorporated in compositions containing the resins.  The compositions harden on drying in air, but may be baked.  The products of the invention are particularly suitable for protective and decorative coatings, as impregnating agents for electrical insulation, as stiffening agents for felt or straw or for the preparation of cast or moulded products. British Specifications 483,399, 537,009, 546,786 and U.S.A. Specification 2,130,948 are referred to.