baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20140032133-A (KR)
Title: Pallet and rack using wood polymer/plastic composite
Inventor: JOUNG JAE YOUL
IPC: B65D19/31
Filed: 2012-09-06
Abstract: The present invention, in producing a freight pallet by using a wood plastic composite for carrying freight, relates to the freight pallet using the wood plastic composite capable of implementing high intensity by forming the freight pallet using wood chip in place of wood powder as a raw material; and ensuring an advantage in manufacturing cost competitiveness by reducing thickness of the freight pallet with respect to the same demanded intensity. To implement this, the present invention comprises: an upper panel (110) for stacking the freight; a lower panel (120) coupled to the upper panel (120) via a plurality of spacers to space the upper panel (110) to a set height from the ground and arranging a plurality of insertion holes to insert forks between the spacers, respectively, by horizontally coupling the spacers (121) to be spaced apart at a uniform interval from each other, wherein the upper panel (110) and the lower panel (120) is made up of the wood plastic composite manufactured by using the wood chip as the raw material.
Patent KR-20130135000-A (KR)
Title: Multilayer electronic structure with integral faraday shielding
Inventor: DROR HURWITZ
IPC: H01L23/12
Filed: 2012-09-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer electronic support structure which includes at least one metal component which is surrounded with a dielectric. The present invention shields the metal component from the interference of an external electromagnetic field and includes at least one faraday barrier for preventing electromagnetic radiation from the metal component.
Patent KR-20140033657-A (KR)
Title: Appataus and method for proving cooperative communiation service between macro base station and small cell base station in mobile communication system
Inventor: LEE OK SEON
IPC: H04W36/22
Filed: 2012-09-10
Abstract: A method for allowing a macro base station to provide a cooperative communication service with a small cell base station in a mobile communication system includes the steps of: forming small cell base stations into at least one small cell base station group if the small cell base stations over the number of critical small cell base stations are in a service coverage of the macro base station; forming a cooperative interface with a representative small cell base station among the small cell base stations which at least one small cell base station group includes; and providing the cooperative communication service with at least one small cell base station group by using the cooperative interface. [Reference numerals] (211) Detect the information of a base station; (213) Number of small cell base stations located in a service coverage is greater than the number of threshold small cell base stations?; (215) Form an interface with a representative small cell base station; (217) Perform an individual communication service; (219) Perform a small cell base station group generating process; (221) Determine final small cell base stations and a representative small cell base station to be included in a small base station group corresponding to each small cell base station group; (223) Number of final small cell base stations included in the small cell base station group is greater than a threshold value?; (225) Establish a cooperative interface with each representative small cell base stations; (227) Perform a cooperative communication service; (AA) Start; (BB,DD) No; (CC,EE) Yes; (FF) End
Patent KR-20130028026-A (KR)
Title: Jacking method for pile
Inventor: BYUN HANG YONG
IPC: G01N3/08
Filed: 2012-09-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A loading test method of a precast pile and a reinforcement method of the precast pile using the same are provided to prevent inclination of the building and ground subsidence by testing a load of an existing structure and to improve stability of a building design by improving supporting force of the precast pile. CONSTITUTION: A loading test method of a precast pile(200) and a reinforcement method of the precast pile using the same comprise the following steps. A foundation concrete layer(100) around an upper part of the precast pile is removed. An anchor member is installed in the foundation concrete layer around an end part of an exposed precast pile. A pressure application unit pressurizing the pile is installed in the anchor member. A loading test is carried out by adding an external force with the pressure application unit to a direction in which the pile is stuck. The precast pile is stuck in order to improve the supporting force of a building when the supporting force is less than a predetermined value, or the tip end bearing of the pile does not implemented through the loading test.
Patent KR-20140043954-A (KR)
Title: Ginseng extract-metallic salts nano particle complex and preparation method thereof
Inventor: KURT E GECKELER
IPC: B82B1/00
Filed: 2012-09-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a ginseng extract-metallic salt nanoparticle complex and a preparation method thereof. The ginseng extract-metallic salt nanoparticle complex and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention have biocompatibility which has no toxicity for human body, can be utilized for novel uses as a reducing agent for specific materials, and can be utilized as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating specific diseases. [Reference numerals] (AA) Absorbance; (BB) Wavelength (nm)
Patent KR-20140039863-A (KR)
Title: Method for forming polycrystalline silicon layer, thin film transistor and display device with the polycrystalline silicon layer
Inventor: SON YONG DUCK
IPC: H01L29/786
Filed: 2012-09-25
Abstract: Provided are a method for forming a polycrystalline silicon layer capable of preventing the residue of a metal catalyst, a thin film transistor with the polycrystalline silicon layer, and a display device. The method for forming a polycrystalline silicon layer includes a step of forming an amorphous silicon layer on a substrate, a step of adsorbing a metal catalyst on the amorphous silicon layer, a step of crystallizing the amorphous silicon layer by a thermal process and forming a polycrystalline silicon layer which includes a grain inside region and a grain boundary where the metal catalyst remains, a step of preparing an etchant which has different oxidation selectivity to the grain boundary and the grain inside region, and step of etching the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer by using the etchant and removing the metal catalyst which remains on the grain boundary.
Patent KR-20120126036-A (KR)
Title: System for the pressure maintain of enclosed derrick structure
IPC: B63J2/02
Filed: 2012-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pressure maintaining system for an enclosed derrick structure is provided to accurately check the abnormal operation state of a ventilation system by monitoring the internal pressure of an unclosed derrick structure with a pressure sensor. CONSTITUTION: A pressure maintaining system for an enclosed derrick structure comprises a pressure sensor(54), a damper unit(20), and a control unit(55). The pressure sensor is installed inside a moon pool to monitor the internal pressure of the moon pool. The damper unit is installed in one side of an enclosed derrick to flow air into or out from the enclosed derrick so that the internal pressure of the moon pool can be maintained. The control unit is connected to the pressure sensor to control the operation of the damper unit through pressure information monitored by the pressure sensor.
Patent KR-20130034614-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for video encoding and decoding based on constrained offset compensation and loop filter
Inventor: LEE JIN HO
IPC: H04N19/82
Filed: 2012-09-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for encoding and decoding an image based on limited offset correction and a loop filter and a device thereof are provided to apply the offset correction and the loop filter to a restored image, thereby minimizing image distortion. CONSTITUTION: A decoder receives a limited ALF(Adaptive Loop Filter) indicator from an encoder(S400). The decoder receives an ALF application indicator from the encoder(S410). The decoder receives an ALF parameter from the encoder(S420). The decoder applies an ALF to a corresponding pixel based on the ALF application indicator and the ALF parameter(S430). [Reference numerals] (AA) Start; (BB) End; (S400) Receiving a limited loop filter indicator; (S410) Receiving an ALF indicator; (S420) Receiving an ALF parameter; (S430) Applying an ALF;
Patent KR-20140042089-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK DURK WHAN
IPC: G06Q20/24
Filed: 2012-09-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for financially managing a client′s bankbook by a bank server. The method for financially managing a client′s bankbook comprises the steps that a bank server classifies a fund which is regularly withdrawn on a monthly basis as a household fund spending amount, a fund which is irregularly withdrawn on a monthly basis as a consumption fund spending amount, and a fund which is withdrawn for a certain purpose of a client as a reserved fund spending amount according to a consumption type; the bank server automatically distributes a certain deposit fund set as a distribution fund to a household fund deposit amount, a consumption fund deposit amount and a reserved fund deposit amount; the bank server is connected with a credit card to settle the household fund spending amount in the automatically distributed household fund deposit amount; the bank server is connected with a check card to settle the consumption fund spending amount in the automatically distributed consumption fund deposit amount; and the bank server settles the reserved fund spending amount in the automatically distributed reserved fund deposit amount according to the set settlement manner of the client. [Reference numerals] (110) Classifying unit; (111) Household fund spending amount; (112) Consumption fund spending amount; (113) Reserved fund spending amount; (120) Distributing unit; (121) Household fund deposit amount; (122) Consumption fund deposit amount; (123) Reserved fund deposit amount; (130) Processing unit; (131) Household payment processing unit; (132) Consumption fund processing unit; (133) Reserved fund processing unit; (140) Notifying unit; (150) Control unit; (AA) Insurance; (BB) Maintenance fee; (CC) Loan rate; (DD) Emergency room cost; (EE) Distribution fund; (FF) Regular; (GG) Irregular; (HH) Certain purpose
Patent KR-20140050340-A (KR)
Title: Ejector cap for semiconductor manufacturing process
Inventor: WOO DONG SOON
IPC: H01L21/50
Filed: 2012-10-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to an ejector cap for a semiconductor manufacturing process. The ejector cap for a semiconductor manufacturing process according to the present invention includes: forming a through hole in a center part by improving an existing method which makes an eject pin protrude from a circular hole, connecting the bar type hole and the through hole after the bar type hole is formed with a radiation shape based on the through hole. Therefore, an ejector pin with various shapes and sizes are easily exposed to the outside, and the matching ratio of the ejector pin to various semiconductor chips can be easily improved.
Patent KR-20140050446-A (KR)
Title: Micro chip for polymerase chain reaction and real-time pcr device comprising the same
Inventor: KIM SUNG WOO
IPC: C12M1/34
Filed: 2012-10-19
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to a micro PCR chip and to a real-time PCR device comprising same, whereby it is possible to provide a micro PCR chip which is able to simultaneously accommodate a plurality of small-volume samples and at the same time ensure maximum thermal contact efficiency with a heating block so as to ensure rapid results and which is also able to accurately measure optical signals emitted from nucleic acid amplification products even without any separate filtering or processing, and also whereby, based on this, it is possible to provide a real-time PCR device which is able to rapidly obtain nucleic acid amplification results of guaranteed reliability even without a complicated light-signal measuring module.
Patent KR-20140059906-A (KR)
Title: Method for producing highly pure anhydrosugar alcohols with improved yield by using recrystallite of waste generated from crystallization procedure
Inventor: RYU HOON
IPC: B01J19/24
Filed: 2012-11-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for producing anhydrosugar alcohol using hydrogenated sugar as a raw material, and more specifically, to a technique for producing high purity anhydrosugar alcohol at low costs and high efficiency. In a method for producing high purity anhydrosugar alcohol by adding an acid in hydrogenated sugar (i.e. hexitol) to be converted into an anhydrosugar alcohol, distilling a result liquid of the conversion reaction, and crystalizing a result liquid of the distillation reaction in a solvent, a crystallization solvent is removed from a mother crystallization liquid generated from the crystallization process; a result of the removal is processed to obtain a recrystallized product; and the recrystallized product is put with the resultant liquid of the distillation into the crystallization process, thereby raising total yield of the anhydrosugar alcohol, and further reducing the amount of waste generation and costs for processing.
Patent KR-20140065100-A (KR)
Title: Water supplying system
Inventor: LEE DO KYEONG
IPC: E03C1/02
Filed: 2012-11-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a water supply system for supplying or discharging a fluid. The water supply system includes multiple faucet units discharging the fluid to each point by receiving the fluid from a supply unit in order to prevent water pressure difference and minimize the length of a pipe. The faucet units are sequentially connected by a flow path pipe so that the fluid is discharged by sequentially passing through the faucet units.
Patent KR-20140067360-A (KR)
Title: Power inductor with high inductance and manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: YOON CHAN
IPC: H01F41/00
Filed: 2012-11-26
Abstract: Disclosed are a power inductor having high inductance and a method for manufacturing the same. According to a method for manufacturing a power inductor comprising the steps of: forming a sacrifice structure on an electrode pattern of a power inductor and on both sides of the electrode pattern; performing electroplating on the electrode pattern; and removing the sacrifice structure, the power inductor has effects of improving the performance and forming a low direct current resistance, by forming the innermost part and outermost parts of a coil pattern to have a shape similar to the coil pattern positioned at the center, unlike the existing coil pattern, when the coil pattern of the power inductor is formed, and thus increasing the area of metal-polymer filled on the inside and the outside of the coil pattern.
Patent KR-20140068628-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM MIN
IPC: B42D9/00
Filed: 2012-11-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a book sterilizer, which is used for holding multiple books in a chamber and sterilizing at once. The book sterilizer according to the present invention comprises a chamber and a book holding part. The chamber has an inner space in which books are held and sterilized. And the book holding part comprises multiple stands, at least one guide bar, and at least one book holder. The multiple stands are installed on the inner wall of the inner space of the chamber in multiple lines. At least one guide bar is detachably installed on the multiple stands, and has a guide rail. And at least one book holder is installed at the guide rail of the guide bar to be moved and can hold the books.
Patent KR-20140073192-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for controlling power of manage power
Inventor: HAN YOUNG OH
IPC: H05B37/02
Filed: 2012-12-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to a power control apparatus for managing an interior power source. The present invention provides an apparatus which includes a receptacle control unit for controlling supply of electric power to a receptacle included in an interior of a building, an lighting control unit for controlling switching-on/off of an LED lighting device provided in the interior of the building, a standby power detection unit for detecting standby power of the receptacle, a leakage current detection unit for detecting a leakage current discharged through the receptacle, and a microcomputer for controlling the receptacle control unit and the lighting control unit according to detection of a leakage current of the leakage current detection unit, and a switching mode power supply (SMPS) for converting an AC power to DC power and individually supplying device control power and DC LED lamp power according to an use of the LED lighting device. The present invention controls switching-on/off of the lighting device provided in an interior of a building and a receptacle and interrupts supply of power when unnecessary standby power or leakage power of an electronic device connected to the receptacle is generated, thereby saving energy and preventing an electric accident in advance. Further, because DC power is supplied to an LED lighting device and an internal device through one switching mode power supply (SMPS) without using commercial power (AC 220 V), electric power can be stably supplied and consumption of energy can be reduced as compared with the case of commercial power.
Patent KR-20140077000-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE HEE BUM
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2012-12-13
Abstract: A touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first sensing module for sensing the angle of a slope between a digitizer pen and an active area; a second sensing module for sensing sensitivity of a magnetic field from the digitizer pen to the active area; a calculation module for calculating a correction value, based on tip length information and slope angle information of the digitizer pen; and an extraction module for extracting coordinates of a point directed by the digitizer pen by applying the correction value to a point where the sensitivity of the magnetic field from the digitizer pen to the active area is the highest. Therefore, durability of the touch panel and work efficiency of a user can be improved while preventing the system load of the touch panel and the load time of the user.
Patent KR-20140078405-A (KR)
Title: Blue phosphorescence composition and organic light emitting diode comprising the same
Inventor: LEE SEUNG JAE
IPC: C09K11/06
Filed: 2012-12-17
Abstract: A blue phosphorescent compound according to one embodiment of the present invention is represented by chemical formula 1.
Patent KR-20140081002-A (KR)
Title: 펌프 흡입이 가능한 쓰레받기
Inventor: LEE KYOUNG JIN
IPC: A47L13/52
Filed: 2012-12-21
Abstract: 본 발명은 쓰레받기에 관한 것으로서 보다 구체적으로는 청소 시 큰 쓰레기들은 빗자루로 쓸어담을 수 있도록 하면서 미세한 먼지와 같은 작은 입자와 같은 쓰레기들은 진공흡입을 통해 간편하게 제거할 수 있도록 하는 펌프흡입이 가능한 쓰레받기에 관련되는 기술로서, 후방면에 손으로 파지할 수 있는 손잡이가 형성되는 바디와 상기바디의 전방단부에 결합되며 전방을 향하는 다수의 흡입구가 형성되고 일측면에 형성되는 스위치 조작에 의해 내부의 펌프가 가동되어 흡입력이 발생되어 먼지를 빨아들이게 되는 펌프흡입부로 구성되는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20140081198-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JUNG GYUN
IPC: C23C14/34
Filed: 2012-12-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a sliding door apparatus for an apparatus having a chamber requiring sealing during work, comprising a sliding guide which is formed horizontally in upper and lower parts of a front inlet part of the apparatus; a pair of upper and lower slides which are connected with the sliding guide to move horizontally; a door which is formed between the upper and lower slides; an actuator which is fixed to each of the upper and lower slides; and a connecting bracket which has one end connected with the actuator and other end connected with the door. When the door is desired to be opened in a closed state of the inlet part by the door, the actuator is advanced, the separation distance between the door and the inlet part is formed, and the door is pushed to be opened, thereby using the space effectively, opening and closing the door conveniently, and improving sealing force.
Patent KR-20140082367-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SOO HWAN
IPC: H01B5/14
Filed: 2012-12-24
Abstract: The present invention provides a touch display device. The touch display device includes a display panel; an adhesive element layer arranged on the top of the display panel; a touch panel which is arranged on the adhesive element layer and includes a base film, first and second touch electrodes formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base film, and an insulating pattern formed on the edge of the lower surface of the base film to cover the first touch electrodes; and a cover glass on the top of the touch panel.
Patent KR-20120044341-A (KR)
Inventor: MAFFEI PAOLA
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 2007-07-31
Abstract: 폴리올은 리팍시민의 다형체 형태, 특히 ß 형태를 안정화시킨다. 2개 이상의 히드록시기를 갖는 폴리올이 리팍시민 분말에 첨가되는 경우, ß형 다형체는 안정하게 되고, 주변의 습도에 무관하게 경시적으로 안정한 상태로 남아있게 된다. 본 발명에서, 의약품을 제공할 수 있는 순수하고 안정한 다형체 형태로 구성된 제제(preparation)를 제조하는 방법이 개시된다.
Patent KR-20120030543-A (KR)
Inventor: NAKAMURA KOUSUKE
IPC: H03F3/08
Filed: 2010-07-20
Abstract: 주위광에 의한 영향이 작고, 간편한 구성이면서 노이즈가 적은 가시광 수신 회로를 제공한다. 본 발명의 일 실시 형태에 따른 가시광 수신 회로는, 광전 변환부(10)를 구비한다. 광전 변환부(10)는, 캐소드 측이 전원(Vcc)에 접속된 포토 다이오드(11)와, 상기 포토 다이오드(11)의 애노드 측에 직렬로 접속된 저항기(12)와, 상기 저항기(12)에 병렬로 접속된 비선형 저항 회로를 구비한다. 비선형 저항 회로는, 예컨대 제너 다이오드(14)와 저항기(15)로 이루어지는 직렬 회로를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20120062704-A (KR)
Inventor: AGOSTINELLI PAOLO
IPC: H02J1/08
Filed: 2010-07-09
Abstract: 동일한 장치의 단계들의 전자 회로들의 분리형 전원 공급장치는, 지지구조에 장착되어 그룹마다 전기적으로 연결되어 소정의 세기의 출력 전압과 전기 전류를 공급하는 다수의 광발전 전지들; 광발전 전지들의 상기 그룹들의 출력과 결합되어 적합한 값의 전압들과 전류들에 의해 전자 회로들의 다양한 부위에 전원을 인가하는 다수의 전원 모듈들; 상기 지지구조들과 결합되어 상기 광발전 전지들을 조명하는 적어도 하나의 인공 광원을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20120066001-A (KR)
Inventor: NISHIDA KATSUTOSHI
IPC: H04W76/04
Filed: 2010-08-11
Abstract: 제1 통신상태와 제2 통신상태를 전환할 수 있도록 구성되어 있는 이동통신시스템에 있어서, 제1 통신상태에서는, 이동국 UE＃1과 이동국 UE＃2와의 사이에서, VoIP 미디어신호가, LTE 방식의 무선 액세스 시스템 및 노드 S-GW를 통해 송수신되고, VoIP 제어신호가, LTE 방식의 무선 액세스 시스템과 노드 S-GW와 IMS를 통해 송수신되고, 제2 통신상태에서는, 회선교환신호가, 2G／3G 방식의 무선 액세스 시스템을 통해 이동국 UE＃1과 확장 MSC／MGW와의 사이에서 송수신되고, VoIP 미디어신호가, 노드 S-GW를 통해 확장 MSC／MGW와 이동국 UE＃2와의 사이에서 송수신되고, VoIP 제어신호가, 노드 S-GW와 IMS를 통해 확장 MSC／MGW와 이동국 UE＃2와의 사이에서 송수신된다.
Patent KR-20120055582-A (KR)
Inventor: WINSLOW MALXOLM CRAIG
IPC: C10G75/02
Filed: 2010-07-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 정제된 탄화수소 스트림에 존재하는 황화수소의 양을 감소시키고 상기 정제된 탄화수소 스트림과 접해 있는 처리 장치의 부식량을 감소시키는 방법에 관한 것이다.  상기 방법은 상기 처리 장치에 접해 있는 정제된 탄화수소 스트림에 부식 억제제를 첨가하여 상기 처리 장치를 보호하는 단계, 및 상기 보호된 처리 장치와 접해 있는 상기 정제된 탄화수소 스트림에 글리옥살을 첨가하는 단계를 포함한다.  상기 부식 억제제는 질소-함유 고리를 갖는 유기 가용성 화합물을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20120086693-A (KR)
Inventor: KODAMA TOMOHIRO
IPC: G03F7/027
Filed: 2010-05-17
Abstract: 현상시의 패터닝성이 좋고, 미세 패턴이 형성 가능한 착색 감광성 수지 조성물을 제공한다. 착색 감광성 수지 조성물을 흑색재를 포함하는 착색제와, 알칼리 가용성 수지와, 중합성기를 3개 이상 갖는 중합성 화합물과, 중합 개시제 또는 중합 개시계와, 용제를 포함해서 구성하고, 투명 기판 상에 광학농도가 4.0인 착색 감광성 수지 조성물을 포함하는 감광성 수지층을 형성하고, 감광성 수지층의 투명 기판측과는 반대의 면측으로부터 마스크를 통해 감광성 수지층을 노광?현상 처리해서 형성되는 제 1 패턴의 선폭(W1)의 마스크의 선폭(W2)에 대한 비(W1/W2)가 0.7?1.5의 범위가 되는 노광?현상 조건으로 얻어지는 제 1 패턴의 막두께(d2)와, 감광성 수지층의 투명 기판측의 면측으로부터 마스크와 상기 투명 기판을 통해 상기 노광?현상 조건으로 감광성 수지층을 노광?현상 처리해서 얻어지는 제 2 패턴의 막두께(d1)의 비(d1/d2)를 0.3 이상으로 한다.
Patent KR-20120053066-A (KR)
Inventor: PEREZ COSTA XAVIER
IPC: H04L47/80
Filed: 2010-09-14
Abstract: 네트워크의 링크 내에서 또는 네트워크 내에서 요구되는 최대 용량의 정확하고 신뢰할 수 있는 추정을 낮은 계산 비용으로 허용하기 위해, 네트워크, 특히 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) 네트워크로의 플로우의 승인을 제어하는 방법이 청구되며, 여기서 네트워크의 링크 내에서 및/또는 네트워크 내에서 요구되는 최대 용량의 추정은, 모든 QoS 예약 쌍들 사이에서, 즉 링크 내에서 및/또는 네트워크 내에서 이미 수락된 QoS 예약들과 플로우에 의해 요청된 적어도 하나의 QoS 예약 사이에서 인터섹션들의 제 1 세트들을 찾아냄으로써 리소스들의 적어도 하나의 QoS (서비스 품질) 예약을 갖는 네트워크에 진입할 것을 요청하는 플로우가 승인될 수 있는지를 조사하기 위해 수행될 것이다.     이 방법은 QoS 예약들의 인터섹션들의 매트릭스를 구축함으로써 인터섹션들의 찾아낸 세트들을 구조화하고, - 상기 매트릭스에 기초하여 - 각각의 인터섹션에 포함된 QoS 예약들에 관하여 획득된 정보에 기초하여, 찾아낸 인터섹션들 사이에서 인터섹션들의 세트들 중 나머지를 도출하는 것을 특징으로 한다.     또한, 이에 따른 네트워크, 바람직하게는 전술된 방법을 실행하는 네트워크가 청구된다.