baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent SK-94096-A3 (SK)
Title: Tetracyclic derivatives, process of preparation, their use and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
Inventor: DAUGAN ALAIN CLAUDE-MARIE
IPC: A61P11/00
Filed: 1995-01-19
Abstract: A compound of formula (I) and salts and solvates thereof, in which: R<0> represents hydrogen, halogen or C1-6 alkyl; R<1> represents hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, haloC1-6alkyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, C3-8cycloalkylC1-3alkyl, arylC1-3alkyl or heteroarylC1-3alkyl; R<2> represents an optionally substituted monocyclic aromatic ring selected from benzene, thiophene, furan and pyridine or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring (a) attached to the rest of the molecule via one of the benzene ring carbon atoms and wherein the fused ring (A) is a 5- or 6-membered ring which may be saturated or partially or fully unsaturated and comprises carbon atoms and optionally one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen; and R<3> represents hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl, or R<1> and R<3> together represent a 3- or 4-membered alkyl or alkenyl chain. A compound of formula (I) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate specific phosphodiesterase (cGMP specific PDE) having a utility in a variety of therapeutic areas where such inhibition is beneficial, including the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
Patent CH-679259G-A3 (CH)
IPC: D06P5/12
Filed: 1988-06-02
Abstract: Novel process for the effect dyeing of wool or blends of wool with other textile fibres by partial reservation of coloured or undyed wool with an impregnating liquor containing sulphamic acid or derivatives thereof, subsequent fixation and dyeing, characterised in that the impregnating liquor contains 25 to 100 g of sulphamic acid or derivatives thereof per 1000 g of impregnating liquor.
Patent CH-644981G-A3 (CH)
Title: Timepiece
IPC: G04B37/00
Filed: 1981-12-02
Abstract: The timepiece (1) comprises a movement (2) to the upper part of which is fastened a dial (3), and a watch case in which the said movement is mounted, the watch case consisting in particular of a calibre (4) to which is fixed a glass (5) by means of connection elements (6), the first end of which provides for the retention of the glass and the second end of which is held removably in passages (14) in the calibre. The dial (3) extends radially beyond the connection element (6) and it includes apertures (10) for their passage. <IMAGE>
Patent CZ-345092-A3 (CZ)
Title: Micro-organisms for plasmids stabilization
Inventor: ZIMMERMANN THOMAS DR
IPC: C12N15/52
Filed: 1992-11-20
Abstract: Novel microorganisms with plasmids which are stable with respect to betaine utilisation are described. These novel microorganisms contain a) a hybrid plasmid having a DNA fragment which contains a genetic sequence which codes for the utilisation of betaines and b) a mutation in the chromosomal gene coding for betaine utilisation. <IMAGE>
Patent CZ-378992-A3 (CZ)
Title: Method of restoring connections of crude oil pipelines and connecting channels after their lining
Inventor: WOOD ERIC
IPC: F16L55/18
Filed: 1992-12-21
Abstract: The invention provides that where a main underground pipeline or passageway (10) is lined by means of a lining tube which extends over the connection of a lateral pipe (12) with the main pipeline or passageway (10), the said lateral connection can be readily located and the lining tube (44) cut to re-establish the connection, if a means (42), such as a steel ball or a deposit, which is radiation detectable, is placed on the surface of the pipeline or passageway (10) at a predetermined distance (77) from the said lateral connection.
Patent CZ-642086-A3 (CZ)
Title: Tool chucking device
Inventor: KOLBLIN ROLF
IPC: B25B5/06
Filed: 1986-09-04
Abstract: 1. Chucking fixture for workpieces comprising a clamping finger (16) supported for swiveling and for moving longitudinally and a pressure medium-operated piston (22) controlling the clamping finger responsive to the piston travel so that the swivel and displacement movements are performed successively, the piston (22) having an oblique control surface (34; 56) on which slides a sliding element (31) of the clamping finger (16) to swivel the clamping finger transversely to the piston direction and that a stop (35) is provided at the piston (22), which, at the end of the sliding movement, entrains the clamping finger (16) in direction of the piston, characterized in that the piston (22) is arranged transversely to the clamping finger (16), that the sliding element (31) engages a stop (39) of the housing to keep the clamping finger (16) in axial alignment as long as the clamping finger has not reached its outermost position in the direction of displacement, and that the sliding element (31) leaves the stop attached to the casing (39) only in the outermost position of the clamping finger (16) to allow the swivel movement of the clamping finger (16).
Patent CZ-150099-A3 (CZ)
Title: Method of reducing plasmatic levels of lipoprotein (a)
Inventor: KAUSER KATALIN
IPC: A61K31/56
Filed: 1997-10-18
Abstract: A method of lowering plasma levels of Lp(a) or inhibiting the generation of apo(a) in a human by administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) wherein: R<1> is hydrogen or alkyl; A, B, D, E, G, R<2> and R<3> each are hydrogen, and R<4> is hydrogen in the  beta -position; or R<2> with R<4>, R<4> with A, A with R<3>, B with D, D with E, or G with R<2> is a bond, and the other substituents are each hydrogen; or R<2> is alkyl in the  beta -position and A, B, D, E, G, R<3> and R<4> are each hydrogen; or R<3> is alkoxy in the  beta -position and A, B, D, E, G, R<2> and R<4> are each hydrogen; or R<4> is hydrogen in the  alpha -position and A, B, D, E, G, R<2> and R<3> are each hydrogen; and R<5> is methyl or ethyl, is disclosed.
Patent CZ-154695-A3 (CZ)
Title: The use of anticonvulsive preparations when treating neurological lesions occurring in case of injury
Inventor: DOBLE ADAM
IPC: A61K31/53
Filed: 1993-12-10
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR93/01229 Sec. 371 Date May 30, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date May 30, 1995 PCT Filed Dec. 10, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/13288 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 23, 1994Application of riluzole or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the treatment of neurological lesions related to traumatic injuries, especially spinal, cranial or cranial-spinal injuries.
Patent CZ-195294-A3 (CZ)
Title: Multilayer knittwear
Inventor: WEIHERRMULLER STEFAN
IPC: A41B11/00
Filed: 1993-02-04
Abstract: Described is a knitted fabric made up of several layers, the outer layers (26) having a higher moisture-absorption power than the inner layers, moisture thus being transferred from the inner layers (18) (i.e. those close to the skin) to the outer layers.
Patent CZ-195495-A3 (CZ)
Title: Set of sinkers in a knitting machine and process for producing loop and weft knitted fabrics
Inventor: LONATI FRANCESCO
IPC: D04B9/12
Filed: 1995-07-28
Abstract: The main object of the invention is to obtain knitwork the density of which is not influenced by the tension of the previously formed loops (15). In the particular case of terry cloth the terries are hence particularly uniform and stable. This is achieved by operationally interposing the terry sinker (2) between two stitch sinkers (3, 21). The method for producing terry knitwork is as follows:   the first yarn (12) passes under the stitch hooks (7) while resting on the knocking-over surfaces (8) of the stitch sinkers (3, 21), and then over the terry hook (4) while resting on the terry surface (5) of the terry sinker (2); the second yarn (13) follows the first yarn (12), but instead of passing over the terry hook (4) passes along the working surface (6) of the terry sinker (2).   The method for producing wide-mesh knitwork comprises for both yarns (12, 13) a path identical to that of the first yarn (12) of the terry knitwork production method. The method for producing normal knitwork comprises for both yarns (12, 13) a path identical to that of the second yarn (13) of the terry knitwork production method. <MATH>
Patent CZ-209096-A3 (CZ)
Title: Process for producing ladder-like central heating bodies
Inventor: VAVRA EDUARD ING
IPC: F28F1/00
Filed: 1996-07-15
Abstract: A method of producing ladder radiators from profiles (1) and tubes (2) where into the profiles (1) for the vertical frame of the radiator the ends of which are closed, a row of radial circular holes (3) are created one above the other. The ends of the tubes (2) are calibrated to the form of a perpendicular cone with a top angle of about 3.5 degrees, the diameter of its lower base is smaller than the diameter of the radial circular hole (3) in the vertical profile (1); the diameter of its greater base which, at the same time, is the diameter of the tube (2) is greater than the diameter of the radial circular hole (3) in the vertical profile (1). On each tube (2) there are two copper rings (5) with an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the tube (2) and the system of the such arranged tubes (2) is inserted between two profiles (1) and each end of the tube (2) is inserted into the respective radial circular hole (3) in the vertical profile (1) to create the ladder structure of the radiator. The profile(1) in the place of each joint of the tube (2) with the profile (1) is joined to one copper ring (5) and the whole radiator is put into a furnace for 5 minutes at a temperature of 1,13O degrees C. The copper ring (5) at each joint of the profile (1) and the tube (2) melts and the copper capillary creeps up into the space of the joint which results in welding the profile (1) and the tube (2).<IMAGE>
Patent CZ-222297-A3 (CZ)
Title: Arc tube for for high-pressure sodium-vapour lamp and transparent polycrystalline alumina body
Inventor: WEI GEORGE C
IPC: H01J61/30
Filed: 1997-07-14
Abstract: An optically transparent polycrystalline alumina sintered body consists essentially of alumina, magnesia, yttria and zirconia. The magnesia is present in an amount of about 0.020 wgt. percent, the yttria is present in an amount of about 0.035 wgt. percent, and the zirconia is present in an amount of about 0.018 wgt. percent. An arc tube for a high pressure sodium lamp made from this composition has greatly increased resistance to sodium loss and concomitant outer jacket darkening, whereby the effective amount of lumen output is increased.
Patent CZ-229195-A3 (CZ)
Title: Boring head for deep rough-drilled holes
Inventor: SCHINDLER RUDOLF
IPC: B23B47/00
Filed: 1995-09-07
Abstract: The boring head is composed of the body (1) of the head, which is equipped with a cutting tool (11) with adjusting screws (3) and a set of three adjustable textite guides (7). The fore part of the body (1) of the head forms a guide body (2) equipped with at least two carbide guides (5) with adjustable textite guide (8). The diameter of the guide body (2) and guides (5, 8) equals the diameter of the rough-drilled bore.<IMAGE>
Patent CZ-235498-A3 (CZ)
Title: Pharmaceutical preparation for inhibiting great intestine tumors in mammals, particularly humans
Inventor: BRANDI MARIE LUISA
IPC: C07D333/56
Filed: 1997-01-27
Abstract: A method of inhibiting colon cancer comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound having formula (I), wherein R<1> and R<3> are independently hydrogen, -CH3, (a), or (b), wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl; R<2> is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimino, and piperidino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
Patent CZ-251498-A3 (CZ)
Title: Method of determining mean radiation of a fuel layer
Inventor: MARTIN JOHANNES JOSEF EDMUND
IPC: F23N5/02
Filed: 1998-08-10
Abstract: The radiation measuring method uses an IR camera (22), or a thermography camera, for viewing the flat region of the combustion bed (24), with the measurement limited to a defined wavelength range in which the effect of the combustion gases above the combustion bed is a minimum and analysis of successive images for each partial area of this region, for determining the corresponding temperature.
Patent CZ-278395-A3 (CZ)
Title: Process of treating aluminium-ammonium alum
Inventor: PEDLIK MIROSLAV DOC ING
IPC: C01B17/74
Filed: 1995-10-25
Abstract: The invented process of treating ammonia alum by pressure hydrolysis to insoluble ammonium alunite is characterized in that sulfuric acid being formed during hydrolysis is neutralized. The sulfuric acid neutralization is carried out continuously with ammonia gas or a solution thereof or with activated alumina being added to ammonia alum solution prior hydrolysis or during hydrolysis. The activated alumina, preferably with particle size up to 20 micrometers is obtained by alunite calcination.
Patent CZ-287798-A3 (CZ)
Title: Use of duloxetin for preparing a medicament, duloxetin used for treating or prevention and pharmaceutical composition containing thereof
Inventor: IYENGAR SMRITI
IPC: A61P13/10
Filed: 1997-03-07
Abstract: This invention provides methods for the treatment or prevention of interstitial cystitis or urethral syndrome in a mammal which comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of duloxetine.
Patent CZ-295497-A3 (CZ)
Title: Weld-on pipe coupling for making a branch in a plastic piping
Inventor: ROSENBERG GERHARD
IPC: B29C65/20
Filed: 1997-09-19
Abstract: The plastics weld saddle has a connection socket formed to the saddle body for attaching a branch pipe, a fitting or the like. A cylindrical support area is for welding the saddle body to the external shell of a main pipe. A welding socket is formed to the support surface of the saddle body and arranged coaxially to the connection socket for attaching the weld saddle in a corresponding bore in the wall of the main pipe. The length of the welding socket of the weld saddle has a larger dimension than the wall thickness of the main pipe.
Patent CZ-296299-A3 (CZ)
Title: Polyurethane adducts being functionalized by acid
Inventor: ELWELL MICHAEL J
IPC: C08G18/08
Filed: 1998-02-06
Abstract: Disclosed is an acid-functionalized polyurethane adduct and a process for the preparation of such adduct. The adduct having a linear or preferably branched structure comprises a plurality of internal urethane linkages and one or more terminal carboxylic acid groups per molecule. Such acid-functionalized polyurethane adducts find value in the manufacture of cross-linked aqueous rubber latexes such as might be used in paint compositions.
Patent CZ-306695-A3 (CZ)
Title: Continuous polymerization process
Inventor: GOVONI GABRIELE
IPC: C08F210/02
Filed: 1995-02-15
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/00544 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 8, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 8, 1995 PCT Filed Feb. 15, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/22565 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 24, 1995A process for polymerizing olefins using a fluidized bed, in which the monomer entry point is located at a point above the bed height. A pre-polymerization step can be conducted using a Z/N catalyst along with an alkane diluent, and resultant liquid phase is introduced into the fluidized bed above the bed height. The process may use several reactors in series arrangement.
Patent CZ-311595-A3 (CZ)
Title: Storage method and storage bin
Inventor: QUIGLEY MICHAEL COLIN
IPC: D01F2/02
Filed: 1994-05-20
Abstract: A premix storage hopper for storing a hot, viscous, paste-like mixture containing cellulose dispersed in a solution of tertiary amine oxide and water, comprises a vertical container having a central shaft rotatable about a vertical axis and carrying stirring members and heating means for heating side walls of the container. The invention also relates to a method of storing the cellulose-based mixture and to a system of conveying the mixture to a further processing stage.
Patent CZ-313996-A3 (CZ)
Title: Perhaloalkoxybenzophenone hydrazones, process of their preparation, pesticidal agents containing thereof and their use
Inventor: PASCUAL ALFONS
IPC: A01N43/10
Filed: 1995-04-15
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) in which X is (a) or (b), n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, where if n is greater than 1, the radicals R2 are identical or different; o is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, where if o is greater than 1, the radicals R3 are identical or different; R1 is perhalo-C1-C4alkoxy; R2 is halogen, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, halo-C1-C8alkoxy, C1-C8alkylthio, halo-C1-C8alkylthio, C1-C8alkylsulfynyl, halo-C1-C8alkylsulfynyl, C1-C8alkylsulfonyl, halo-C1-C8alkylsulfonyl, CN or phenyl; R3 is halogen, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl or halo-C1-C8alkoxy; R4 is H, halogen, C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8alkoxy, C1-C8alkylthio or NR8R9; R5 is C1-C8alkyl, NR10R11, OR20, SR20 or SO2R20; R6 is H, C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkenyl, C1-C8alkynyl, C1-C8acyl or phenyl; R7 is H, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloakyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkenyl, C1-C8alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkenyl, C3-C6cycloalkenyl-C1-C8alkyl or C3-C6cycloalkyl-C1-C8alkenyl group, it being possible for the substituents to be selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy, halo-C1-C8alkoxy, C1-C8alkyl-S(O)p, it being possible for p to be 0, 1 or 2, C1-C8alkoxycarbonyl, di(C1-C8alkyl)amino and C1-C8alkanoyloxy; an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or heteroaryl group, it being possible for the substituents to be selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl and halogen; C1-C8alkoxy, NR16R17, COOR6 or SR6; R8 and R9 independently of one another are H, C1-C8alkyl or OH; R10 is H, C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8alkyl, phenyl, OR12, S(O)mR13, m being 0, 1 or 2, or NR14R15; R11 is H, C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8alkyl, allyl, C1-C8alkylallyl, haloallyl or propargyl; R12 is H, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy-C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, C2-C8alkenyl, halo-C2-C8alkenyl or propargyl; R13 is H, C1-C8alkyl, halogen-C1-C8alkyl, phenyl or NR14R15; R14 and R15 independently of one another are H, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, phenyl, C1-C8alkylamido, di(C1-C8alkyl)amido or NH2; R16 and R17 independently of one another are H, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C2-C8alkenyl, C1-C8alkoxy or NH2; R18 is S(O)mR19, m being 0, 1 or 2, NO2 or CN; R19 is C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl or NR14R15; R20 is C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl or C3-C6cycloalkyl; Y is O, S, NR18 or CHC(O)R21; and R21 is H, C1-C8alkyl, halo-C1-C8alkyl, C1-C8alkoxy or phenyl, and if appropriate, E/Z isomers and tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be used as agrochemical active ingredients and may be prepared in a manner known per se.
Patent CZ-9904452-A3 (CZ)
Title: Imidazolyl cyclic acetals, process of their preparation, their use and pharmaceutical preparation in which the acetals are comprised
Inventor: BAMBOROUGH PAUL LINDSAY
IPC: C07D233/54
Filed: 1998-06-12
Abstract: Compounds of the following backbone structure: which are useful as Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in treating disease related to elevated TNF.
Patent SK-132294-A3 (SK)
Title: Microcapsules for drill hole at crude oil desalting
Inventor: KOWALSKI THOMAS CHARLES
IPC: C09K8/536
Filed: 1993-05-03
Abstract: Gelatin capsules containing oil field chemicals, preferably weighted with a heavy metal compound, are made more stable under certain conditions by the incorporation of a strong chelating agent. The microcapsules can provide an extended treatment period since many materials that would damage the microcapsules are controlled by the chelating agent.
Patent SK-156298-A3 (SK)
Inventor: HORAK ROMAN
IPC: H04H1/00
Filed: 1998-11-12
Abstract: Systém na diaľkové ovládanie hlásenia rozhlasových
ústredni umožňujúcich diaľkové ovládanie, či už pomocou
telefónneho pristroja s pevnou linkou, mobilným
telefónom, mikrovlnným prepojením, alebo tiež i
pomocou bezdrôtového vysielacieho prístroja, je tvorený
aspoň jedným počítačom (I), doplneným o dosku
telefónneho modemu (2) so záznamníkom, ku ktorej je
pripojený zdroj akustického signálu a externý rádiomodem
(14) s prijímacou rádiostanicou (15) pripojenou na
vstup tohto externého rádiomodemu (14) o dosku (3)
riadenia rozhlasovej ústredne a dosku zvukovej karty
(10), pričom základná časť dosky riadenia (3) rozhlasovej
ústredne je dekodér (4), na ktorého vstup je cez
predzosilňovač (9) pripojený výstup modemu (2) a výstup
externého rádiomodemu (14), a na výstup je pripojený
generátor (5) pilotného kmitočtu, ovládaný dekodérom
(4) alebo externým spínačom (12) a prepínač
(6) audiosignálu dosky (3) riadenia rozhlasovej ústredne.
Patent SK-160696-A3 (SK)
Title: Plant and integrated cellulose foil and fibre manufacturing works
Inventor: ZIKELI STEFAN
IPC: C08L1/02
Filed: 1996-04-02
Abstract: A plant for the production of cellulose films and fibers includes at least one pulping device for producing a first suspension of pulp in an aqueous amine-oxide solution and a first thin-film treatment apparatus for receiving the first pulp suspension and producing a concentrated pulp suspension. The plant also includes a second thin-film treatment apparatus wherein the concentrated pulp suspension is transformed into a mouldable solution of cellulose and a spinning device connected to the second thin-film treatment apparatus, wherein the mouldable cellulose solution is processed into cellulose films and fibers. A process for the production of cellulose films and fibers according to an amine-oxide process includes the steps of suspending pulp in an aqueous amine-oxide solution to produce a first suspension, concentrating the first suspension, producing a mouldable cellulose solution by heating, and processing the solution to form cellulose films and fibers.
Patent SK-517689-A3 (SK)
Title: Improvements relating of the production of isomerised hop extract
Inventor: WESTWOOD KEITH T
IPC: C12C/
Filed: 1989-09-08
Abstract: A method for the production of an isomerised hop preparation comprises mixing together hop extract with a solid alkaline or alkaline earth metal salt, and subjecting the resulting mixture to a temperature of at least 80<o>C for a time sufficient to effect conversion of  alpha -acid to iso- alpha -acid. The method may be a stage in a process for brewing beer or the isomerised hop preparation may be further processed to produce high purity isomerised extracts.
Patent SK-912011-A3 (SK)
Title: Technological complex for the production of energy from waste
Inventor: BUDAY JOZEF
IPC: B09B3/00
Filed: 2011-09-12
Abstract: Technological complex for the production of energy from waste consists of the management, control and monitoring system (70), which at the same time by means of inputs and outputs (11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61) is connected to the sorting line (10), to the production of fuel , fuel economy (20), the gasification reactor (30), a combustion chamber (40), the system (50) for producing electrical and thermal energy and cleaning system (60) flue gas, wherein the gasification reactor (30) is in its accession coupled to fuel economy (20) and a sorting line (10) to the production of fuel and at the outlet of the combustion chamber (40), the system (50) for producing electrical and thermal energy and cleaning system (60) of combustion gases.
Patent BE-1004962-A3 (BE)
Title: Dispositif de montage d'un rideau de douche.
IPC: A47K3/28
Filed: 1990-09-05
Granted: 1993-03-09
Abstract: Dans ce dispositif l'un des bords du rideau 10 est fixé à un profilé13 de raccodement à une paroi, tandis que l'autre bord du rideau 10 est fixé à une tige formant poignée de manipulation qui est guidée d'une part, sur le rail supérieur 14, et d'autre part, sur le bord 29 du réceptacle de douche 11 ou baignoire par l'intermédiaire d'un guidage magnétique 30, dans lequel la tige 15 formant poignée comporte des organes de liaison 20 pour son raccordement avec une tige 15 formant poignée d'un rideau 10 voisin, ou avec un profilé 13 de raccordement à une paroi.