baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2009031868-A2 (WO)
Title: Fibres filaments de fibres lyocell et câble pour pneu à base de cellulose
Inventor: KIM GI-WOONG
IPC: D01F2/00
Filed: 2008-09-08
Abstract: L'invention concerne des fibres filaments de fibres Lyocell et un câble pour pneu à base de cellulose, et en particulier des fibres filaments de fibres Lyocell dont l'anisotropie de gonflement, spécifiée dans la description, est comprise entre 1.1 et 1.4. L'invention concerne, de plus, un câble pour pneu à base de cellulose dont l'anisotropie de gonflement est comprise entre 1.1 et 1.4. Selon l'invention, de manière avantageuse, l'association des fibres filaments de fibres Lyocell avec le câble pour pneu à base de cellulose, dont la stabilité dimensionnelle, dans des conditions très humides, est particulièrement bonne, permet une amélioration de la ténacité, de l'allongement et du module par rapport à des fibres à base de cellulose classiques, telles que la rayonne et analogues. Ainsi, le taux de conservation des propriétés lors du processus post-fabrication est élevé et la faculté de mise en oeuvre est également améliorée.
Patent WO-2010027191-A2 (WO)
Title: 압축된 헤더를 이용한 데이터 송수신 방법 및 장치
Inventor: KIM JEONG KI
IPC: H04W88/02
Filed: 2009-09-02
Abstract: 본 발명은 무선접속 시스템에서 사용되는 다양한 형태의 압축된 헤더 구조들 및 이러한 압축된 헤더를 이용한 데이터 송수신 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 실시예들 중 하나로서 이동단말이 지속적 할당(PA: Persistent Allocation) 방식을 이용하여 데이터를 수신하는 방법은, 하향링크에서 지속적 할당 방식을 위해 할당된 자원영역에 관한 자원영역정보를 포함하는 하향링크 지속적 할당 맵 정보요소(DL PA MAP IE: DownLink Persistent Allocation MAP Information Element)를 기지국으로부터 수신하는 단계와 압축 매체접근제어 헤더(CMH: Compact Medium access control Header)를 포함하는 하향링크 데이터를 상기 자원영역정보가 나타내는 상기 자원영역을 통해 수신하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 이때, CMH는 하향링크 데이터에 확장된 헤더가 존재하는지 여부를 나타내는 지시자 및 하향링크 데이터의 페이로드의 길이를 나타내는 길이 필드을 포함할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2010053281-A2 (WO)
Title: A method and apparatus for processing control message which requests retransmitting data
Inventor: KIM SOENG HUN
IPC: H04L1/18
Filed: 2009-11-03
Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing a control message for a request of retransmission are provided. The method includes generating a First Missing Serial number (FMS) describing a serial number of a data unit having a lowest serial number among data units which are not received, determining whether a data unit having a serial number greater than the serial number described in the FMS exists due to an out of sequence among data units which are previously received, generating a bitmap indicating a reception of a plurality of data units having a serial number greater than the FMS, if a data unit which is out of sequence exists, and connecting and transmitting the FMS and the bitmap.
Patent WO-2010087586-A2 (WO)
Title: Apparatus for absorbing and damping shock in vehicular collision
Inventor: JI YOUNG WAN
IPC: E01F15/14
Filed: 2009-12-29
Abstract: The prevent invention relates to an apparatus for absorbing and damping shock in a vehicular collision to uniformly dampen the collision shock generated by a vehicular collision and control shock-damping force according to installation position. The present invention provides the apparatus for absorbing and damping shock in a vehicular collision, wherein a shock damping unit for damping the collision shock is composed of a wire friction decelerating device which limits the backward speed of a collision head in a collision shock absorbing/damping part. Therefore, the present invention facilitates formation of the collision shock-damping force by composing a shock-absorbing unit of the apparatus for absorbing and damping shock in a vehicular collision using the wire friction decelerating device which reduces the backward speed of the collision head in the collision shock absorbing/damping part. Also, the present invention facilitates the formation by simplifying the structure and minimizing the occupied space.
Patent WO-2011019236-A2 (WO)
Title: Refrigerator
Inventor: NA SANG-WOOG
IPC: F25D23/02
Filed: 2010-08-13
Abstract: A refrigerator is provided. According to the refrigerator, a home bar door axially coupled to a lower end of a door has the same width as a left-right width of the door and extends up to the lower end of the door. Thus, an entire outer appearance of the refrigerator may be improved, and also, usage convenience may be improved.
Patent WO-2011025332-A2 (WO)
Inventor: SONG JI-SEOP
IPC: F24D5/00
Filed: 2010-08-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a briquette stove provided with an initiator, wherein the initiator is mounted at the lower portion of a brazier in a briquette boiler or a briquette stove so as to supply strong flames with a detachable butane gas means, thereby easily igniting briquettes stacked in the brazier even without using any fire-igniting agent. The briquette stove provided with an initiator comprises a body part (100) for fixing and supporting a case (200), which supports side portions of a brazier (300), and fire-igniting the lower portion of a briquette according to the gas supplied from a portable gas case (G). The body part (100) includes: a connection member (102) for connecting the gas case (G); a flame member (114) for igniting the gas introduced via the connection member (102) to fire-ignite the briquette; a flame member cover (140) for alternatively opening or closing the flame member (114); and an opening/closing control knob (112) for the opening and closing operations of the flame member cover (140).
Patent WO-2011149313-A2 (WO)
Title: 고흡수성 수지용 분쇄장치 및 이를 이용한 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법
Inventor: KIM GI-CHEUL
IPC: B02C18/18
Filed: 2011-05-27
Abstract: 판상의 고흡수성 수지가 투입되는 입구부; 상기 입구부를 통해 투입된 상기 흡수성 수지를 분쇄하는 분쇄부; 상기 분쇄부에서 분쇄된 고흡수성 수지를 배출하는 배출부를 포함하는 고흡수성 수지 분쇄장치로서, 상기 분쇄부는, 복수의 회전날이 부착된 회전드럼; 상기 복수의 회전날과 상호작용으로 상기 고흡수성 수지를 분쇄하는 하나 이상의 고정날; 및 상기 회전드럼과 상기 하나 이상의 고정날이 장착되는 하우징;을 포함하는 고흡수성 수지용 분쇄장치를 제공한다. 또한, 상기와 같은 고흡수성 수지용 분쇄장치를 이용하여 고흡수성 수지를 제조하는 방법을 제공한다.
Patent WO-2011152663-A2 (WO)
Inventor: NOH MIN SEOK
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2011-06-01
Abstract: 무선 통신 시스템에서 상향링크 자원 할당 방법 및 장치가 제공된다. 기지국은 상향링크 자원 할당 정보를 단말로 전송하여 주파수 영역(frequency domain)에서 분산된 복수의 클러스터(cluster)들을 상향링크 자원으로 할당하고, 상기 복수의 클러스터들 상으로 데이터를 수신한다. 이때 상기 복수의 클러스터들은 상기 주파수 영역에서의 상기 각 클러스터의 위치 및 상기 복수의 클러스터들 간의 간격 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 할당된다.
Patent WO-2012044081-A2 (WO)
Title: Apparatus and method for transmitting information on power headroom in multiple component carrier system
Inventor: AHN JAE HYUN
IPC: H04W52/30
Filed: 2011-09-29
Abstract: There are provided an apparatus and method for transmitting information about power headroom in a multi-component carrier system. There is disclosed a method of configuring a plurality of component carriers combined from a candidate component carrier group, based on component carrier configuration information, triggering a power headroom report on the plurality of combined component carriers, calculating power headroom for the plurality of combined component carriers and transmitting combination power headroom information, including a value of the calculated power headroom, to a eNodeB. The power headroom report is triggered, when the power headroom on the plurality of combined component carriers is granter than or equal to a predefined threshold. Accordingly, uplink signaling overhead can be reduced because a power headroom report can be semi-persistently made without the need to additionally send information about the combination component carrier.
Patent WO-2012124934-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KIM SEON JEONG
IPC: D01F9/12
Filed: 2012-03-09
Abstract: 본 발명은 그라핀 섬유의 제조 방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 그라핀 섬유에 관한 것으로서, a) 그라핀 를 계면활성제와 함께 용매에 분산시켜 분산액을 제조하는 단계; b) 상기 분산액을 고분자 용액에 혼입하여 습식 방사한 후 건조시켜 복합 섬유를 제조하는 단계; 및 c) 상기 복합 섬유를 열처리하거나 강산으로 처리하여 고분자를 제거하는 단계:를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하며, 이에 따라 제조된 그라핀 섬유는 전기적, 기계적 특성이 뛰어나고, 유연성이 있으며, 주름 구조에 따른 다공성에 의해 에너지, 수소 저장 매체 등으로 활용할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2018070832-A2 (WO)
Inventor: JANG WOOSEOK
IPC: G06Q20/34
Filed: 2017-10-13
Abstract: A method and device are provided for registering an electronic card in an electronic device. The method includes detecting reception of a card-related message; determining whether to register a card related to the card-related message as an electronic card; acquiring card information associated with the card related to the card-related message, in response to determining to register the card as the electronic card; and registering the card as the electronic card in the electronic device, by using the card information.
Patent WO-2008033032-A2 (WO)
Title: Procédé et dispositif de micropropagation de plantes
Inventor: FORSBERG OWE
IPC: A01N63/20
Filed: 2007-09-12
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de micro-reproduction de plantes dans un espace fermé, dans lequel des parties de tissus de plantes sont disposées sur un plateau de culture alimenté au moins en lumière, air, humidité et nutriments. En l'occurrence, le tissu des plantes est placé dans un bio-incubateur (1) et alimenté en produits probiotiques de façon à augmenter la croissance des plantes et à réduire la croissance des cultures bactériennes et fongiques indésirables.
Patent WO-2005109396-A2 (WO)
Title: Systeme d'ecran tactile a illumination et detection fournies a partir d'un seul bord
Inventor: NEWTON JOHN
IPC: G09G5/00
Filed: 2005-05-06
Abstract: La présente invention a trait à un écran tactile comportant une face avant, une face arrière, et une pluralité de bords et un volume interne. Une source d'énergie est positionnée à proximité d'un premier bord de l'écran tactile et présente une configuration pour l'émission d'énergie qui se propage au sein du volume interne de l'écran tactile. Un réflecteur de diffusion est positionné à proximité de la face avant de l'écran tactile pour la réflexion diffuse d'au moins une portion de l'énergie qui sort du volume interne. Au moins un détecteur est positionné à proximité du premier bord de l'écran tactile et présente une configuration pour la détection de niveaux d'intensité de l'énergie réfléchie de manière diffuse à travers la face avant de l'écran tactile. De préférence, deux détecteurs sont espacés l'un de l'autre à proximité du premier bord de l'écran tactile, pour permettre le calcul d'emplacements tactiles au moyen de techniques de triangulation simples.
Patent WO-2010093281-A2 (WO)
Title: Debugging microcontroller kit and electronic designer
Inventor: KHALITOV NURMUKHAMBET ILMURADOVICH
Filed: 2009-12-18
Abstract: The utility model "debugging microcontroller kit and electronic designer" is intended for designing and debugging devices on a base of microcontrollers, with a kit cost of up to 500 rub. The above-mentioned result is achieved in that said kit is formed in the body of a standard compact disc (CD-ROM), wherein all information relating to said device (HEX files, circuits, instructions, programming tools, etc.) is written directly to the compact disc itself, and all accessories are arranged on an insert page in the body of the compact disc, except for the bulky components, such as quartz etc., which are arranged in the corners of the body, and, moreover, the base platform (circuit) is taken to be the circuit of the terminal with a 4x4 (or larger) keyboard and a 7 digit (or more) display, which circuit has been supplemented by a built-in programmer and computer interface of the type RS-232 or USB, with a printed circuit board "dispersed" beneath one of the popular and inexpensive form factors (bodies).
Patent WO-2012158065-A2 (WO)
Title: Угловая пневматическая опора
Inventor: KOLNER LEV SEMENOVICH
IPC: F16C32/06
Filed: 2012-05-03
Abstract: Полезная модель относится к области приборостроения и может быть применена в устройствах, обеспечивающих точное позиционирование измерительного или обрабатывающего инструмента относительно объекта. Угловая пневматическая опора включает неподвижный и подвижный элементы, каждый из которых имеет по две расположенные под одинаковым углом опорные поверхности. Опорные поверхности неподвижного элемента выполнены на направляющих элементах, совмещенных друг с другом по сопрягающим поверхностям. Между сопрягающими поверхностями направляющих элементов содержится прослойка из вещества, отвердевание которого произошло после совмещения направляющих элементов. Достигается жесткая фиксация направляющих элементов при обеспечении равенства углов между опорными поверхностями неподвижного и подвижного элементов.
Patent WO-2006004460-A2 (WO)
Title: Cage de natation flottante al mutaman
Filed: 2005-05-03
Abstract: L'invention concerne une bouée de sauvetage destinée à toutes les catégories de nageurs, à l'apprentissage de la natation, au divertissement et à divers sports. Au Soudan, un grand nombre d'endroits destinés à la natation sont des rivières dans lesquelles sont présents des courants rapides et des créatures dangereuses. Quelques rivières sont sales et présentent des rivages très escarpés. L'invention concerne, par conséquent, une piscine filetée flottante comprenant: 1. des tubes creux utilisés comme corps flottants conçus en tôle ou fibre de verre, 2. une cage présentant des cadres angulaires en acier recouverts par des feuilles métalliques étendues galvanisées. 3. une terrasse permettant aux nageurs de se reposer et conçues en tôles plates et une barrière placée à l'arrière comme protection. 4. une protection placée tout autour de la terrasse et comprenant des poteaux et des tiges rondes en acier recouverte de plastique ou un canevas critique. La piscine présente deux options: 1. fixée en place et maintenue par des câbles en acier au rivage, 2. mobile, pouvant être déplacée ou se déplaçant au moyen d'un moteur, aux fins déplacement et de plaisir. Dans les deux cas, la profondeur de ces piscines peut être adaptée selon l'âge et les compétences des utilisateurs et le but de l'utilisation. Les réglages sont effectués par étape, par déplacement de la cage supplémentaire vers le haut et vers le bas, de manière à obtenir la profondeur souhaitée.
Patent WO-2014021755-A2 (WO)
Title: Improved video tracking
Inventor: PONTEN FREDRIK
IPC: G06V40/20
Filed: 2013-03-14
Abstract: A computing device for tracking an object in an image stream, said computing device comprising a memory and a controller, wherein said controller is configured to: receive an image stream comprising at least a first and a previous image of an object to be tracked, determine contour lines in at least said first image, wherein said contour lines comprises a plurality of points, determine and assign at least one descriptor to each point, filter out points based on the descriptors, determine relative distances between each point in said first picture with each point in said previous picture, which points have not been filtered out; and determine a maximum occurrence for the relative distances, wherein the maximum occurrence corresponds to a movement of said object to be tracked.
Patent WO-2019209226-A2 (WO)
Title: Polyimide matrix based multi functional neutron shielding materials and production method
Inventor: BAYKARA OKTAY
IPC: G06F11/36
Filed: 2018-12-27
Abstract: The invention relates to the development of polyimide-based multifunctional neutron shielding nanocomposite material that have better mechanical properties and stability under thermal pressure at elevated temperatures (300 ° C). Nano-sized (80-100 nm) h-BN and Gd 2 O 3  nanoparticles have been added to the polyimide (PI) matrix in different weight percentage to effectively absorb both neutron and gamma radiations. The mechanical and thermal properties of shielding materials containing different ratios of nanoparticles were determined. They were also exposed to neutron and gamma radiation to determine their radiation absorption ability. Hereby, in general and most importantly, optimum filling ratios and material thicknesses of the shielding material produced had been determined to achieve the highest shielding efficiency to neutron and gamma radiation shielding as high as possible. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the mechanical and thermal properties of the shielding materials were improved and the best neutron shielding (about 100%) was realized at 7wt% and 11wt% h-BN and 3wt% Gd2O3 filling rates. By adding Gd 2 O 3  to the neutron absorber materials, it has been increased gamma absorption ability of polyimide-based materials manufactured in the range of 10-50%.
Patent WO-2020142014-A2 (WO)
Inventor: ÖZCAN ÖZKAN
IPC: A47J27/00
Filed: 2019-12-31
Abstract: It is a tool using heat available in teapots/kettles(6) and even cooking pots to be able to heat bread, make a toast etc., with the help of specially designed stepped seating surface, top{l) and bottom(2) pans which can be closed on each other. The main purposes of the tool are saving electrical energy, for reducing carbon emissions and for ensuring that the product is heated without burning, without using toast machine, heaters, or etc. Forms of use, options and all other details can be found in the description and claims.
Patent TR-2021009790-A2 (TR)
Title: Negati̇f basinç altinda sirali türbi̇nler i̇le enerji̇ üreti̇mi̇ yöntemi̇
Inventor: NURİ DÖNMEZ
IPC: F03B1/00
Filed: 2021-06-15
Abstract: Buluş baraj, akarsu veya su tankı ve benzeri su kaynaklarından alınan suyun bir hat (boru) içerisinde ilerler iken birden fazla türbinin çalışmasına imkan veren negatif basınç altında çalışan bir sistem oluşturarak geliştirilen türbin kanatları ve ekipmanlarının sahip olduğu tasarımsal avantajları ile daha fazla enerji üretimi imkanı sağlayan negatif basınç altında sıralı türbinler ile enerji üretimi yöntemi hakkında olup su kaynağı (1), enerji üretim hattı (2), türbinler (3) ve pompadan (4) oluşmaktadır.
Patent TR-2022003184-A2 (TR)
Title: Sanal ortamda ses eti̇ketlemeye yöneli̇k göz taki̇pli̇ sanal gerçekli̇k ci̇hazi ve çalişma yöntemi̇
Inventor: İSMAİL KOÇAK
IPC: G06F3/00
Filed: 2022-03-03
Abstract: Buluş, sesi sanal ortama değer ve ekstra bilgi katmanı katma aleti olarak eklemeye yönelik olarak ortamı kaydetmeye ve sanal dünyaya ve cihazın (1) dışındaki gerçek dünya ortamına eklemeye yönelik en az bir görüntü elde etme birimi (1.1), etiketlenen öğelerin dinlenmesine yönelik en az bir hoparlör (1.6), önceden belirlenmiş uzunluk ve kalınlıktaki en az bir askı (1.8) ve cihazdan (1) kullanıcının baktığı ve odaklandığı nesneye kadar olan mesafenin hesaplanmasına yönelik en az bir sensör (1.9), göz hareketini kaydetmeye ve söz konusu dış görüntü elde etme birimi (1.1) tarafından yakalanan nesnenin yakınsamasını ve küçülmesini belirlemeye yönelik en az bir iç görüntü elde etme birimi (1.1), odaktaki nesne etiketlenirken kullanıcıdan gelen sesin stereo olarak kaydedilmesine yönelik en az bir iç ses elde etme birimi (1.2), çoğunlukla ses yoluyla kontrol edilen ve yönlendirilen en az bir kullanıcı ara yüzü (1.5) ve artırılmış ortamı yönlendirmek üzere bir dizi kontrol elemanı (1.7), bir kullanıcı ara yüzü (1.5) yoluyla kontrol yapmaya ve gezinmeye yönelik en az bir kontrol/hesaplama birimi (1.3), tüm grafikleri göstermekten ve geometrileri hesaplamaktan sorumlu olan ve sistem veri yolu aracılığıyla merkezi işlem birimi (1.3.3) ile iletişim halinde olan ve akabinde dünyanın stereoskopik görüntü görünüşünü oluşturmak üzere iki tane bulunan cihazın (1) ekranlarına (1.4.1) çıktı sağlayan en az bir görüntü bağdaştırıcısı (1.4) ile bağlı stereoskopik illüzyonun sürdürülmesine yönelik en az bir çevresel ekranı (1.4.1) içeren bir sanal gerçeklik cihazı (1) ile ilgilidir ve aynı zamanda bir çalışma yöntemi (100) ile ilgilidir.
Patent TR-2022008505-A2 (TR)
Title: Hava aracini kemi̇ri̇ci̇lerden koruma ci̇hazi
Inventor: FERHAT TİGREL
IPC: A01M29/00
Filed: 2022-05-25
Abstract: Hava aracı tekerlerinin önüne ve arkasına yerleştirilen birbiriyle bağlantılı takozlar ile hava aracını sabitleyen, içerdiği sensörler vasıtası ile kemirici temasını algılayarak sesli, ışıklı, titreşimli uyarı verip kemiriciyi uzaklaştıran, telefon üzerinden bir uygulama ile haberleşme ve kontrolü sağlanabilen, güneş enerjisi ile şarj olabilen bir cihaz ile ilgilidir.
Patent WO-2023107053-A2 (WO)
Title: Mold embodiment
Inventor: YENİCE MÜCAHIT MUSTAFA
Filed: 2022-11-29
Abstract: Invention relates to a mold embodiment comprising female mold (10) containing primary mold area (11) and secondary mold area (12) used in manufacture of sheet parts (40) and providing sheet part (40) to be shaped take its final form. The invention is characterized by comprising a male mold (20) moving in press pushing direction (x) and providing shaping to sheet part (40) inside the female mold (10), at least one insert (30) located in the desired area inside male mold (20) and providing guiding male mold (20) to secondary mold area (12) inside female mold (10) to provide giving shape to sheet part (40).
Patent WO-2004064224-A2 (WO)
Inventor: LAVOIE GREGORY P
IPC: H02H3/00
Filed: 2004-01-06
Abstract: A method of performing energy calculations in a power distribution system (10) is provided. The method includes sampling a first voltage at a first module (30) in the power distribution system; communicating the first voltage from the first module to a central controller (28); performing an energy calculation in the central controller based at least in part on the first voltage; and applying the energy calculation to a second module (30) in the power distribution system. In some embodiments, the energy calculation is also based upon a second current from the second module.
Patent WO-2004077667-A2 (WO)
Title: Demodulateur am coherent utilisant une somme ponderee lsb/usb pour attenuer les interferences
Inventor: KROEGER BRIAN WILLIAM
IPC: H03D1/22
Filed: 2004-01-29
Abstract: Procédé servant à traiter un signal radio AM et consistant à recevoir un signal radio AM comprenant une partie de bande latérale supérieure et une partie de bande latérale inférieure, à démoduler ces parties de bande latérale supérieure et inférieure afin de produire un signal de bande latérale supérieure démodulé et un signal de bande latérale inférieure démodulé, à pondérer ces signaux démodulés en réponse à la puissance du bruit afin de produire des signaux démodulés et pondérés et à combiner ces signaux démodulés et pondérés afin de produire un signal de sortie. Démodulateurs servant à traiter des signaux radio AM selon ce procédé et recepteurs incorporant ces démodulateurs.
Patent WO-2005026393-A2 (WO)
Title: Analogue de matiere particulaire biologique
Inventor: PAGE ANDREW E
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2004-02-09
Abstract: L'invention concerne un analogue de particule biologique, ou analogue biologique, qui simule un organisme ou un composé biologique choisi. L'analogue biologique comprend une première partie qui, en soi, n'est pas reconnue par un système de détection biologique; et une seconde partie, portée par la première partie, qui confère les propriétés nécessaires à une reconnaissance par le système de détection. Cet analogue biologique est conçu de manière à comporter certaines caractéristiques importantes de l'organisme ou du composé biologique voulu, et à exclure d'autres caractéristiques indésirables dudit organisme ou composé. L'invention est utile pour tester divers systèmes de détection biologique.
Patent WO-2004077392-A2 (WO)
Title: Afficheur a cristaux liquides en mode nematique, alignes verticalement a grand angle de basculement et fort contraste
Inventor: VITHANA HEMASIRI
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 2004-02-26
Abstract: L'invention porte sur un afficheur réfléchissant de cristaux liquides sur silicium (LCOS) comportant un substrat transparent, un substrat réfléchissant et un fluide de cristaux liquide placé entre les deux substrats. L'afficheur LCOS comporte en outre une matrice de pixels dans laquelle l'intersection entre une rangée et une colonnes définit la position d'un pixel. L'afficheur LCOS présente des angles de basculement suffisants pour surmonter les désinclinaisons dues aux champs de franges et donc produire un fort contraste. La direction azimutale superficielle des molécules du fluide de cristaux liquides est soit sensiblement parallèle ou soit perpendiculaire à celle de polarisation de la lumière incidente polarisée linéairement. Les fuites de lumière sont minimales car la biréfringence effective telle que vue par la lumière incidente polarisée linéairement est pratiquement nulle et ne dépend pas du prébasculement des molécules du fluide de cristaux liquides. Entre le substrat transparent et le substrat réflecteur la torsion des molécules du fluide de cristaux liquides peut varier entre environ 0° et environ 90° à l'état OFF.