Patent GB-191229337-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Vaporisers and Explosion Chambers of Internal Combustion Engines.
Inventor: CROSSLEY KENNETH IRWIN
IPC: F02B9/00
Filed: 1912-12-20
Granted: 1913-12-22
Abstract: 29,337. Crossley, Sir K. I., and Webb, W. Le P. Dec. 20. Cylinders receiving liquid fuel.-Relates to fourstroke-cycle engines in which oil is injected alone or with compressed air during the suction or compression stroke, ignition being effected by the combined action of the heat of compression and of a hot tube or vaporizer, which is heated externally at starting, and in which the combustion chamber A is separated from the cylinder by a restricted neck, as described in Specifications 388/03 and 6455/03, or by a passage K of restricted or unrestricted area into which a projection on the piston enters at the end of the instroke. According to the invention, the explosion chamber A is approximately cylindrical, spherical, spheroidal, oviform, or coniform in shape, containing no deep pockets, the air and exhaust valves G, H are placed at the top and bottom respectively of this chamber, and the oil injector J and vaporizing-surface B at opposite sides as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. By this arrangement, the air and exhaust gases take natural stream lines, and efficient scavenging is obtained. When a high compression is used, with a cylindrical explosion chamber, the chamber is enlarged near the valves, as shown in Fig. 8. The vaporizer proper B is constituted by the unjacketed part of the walls of the explosion chamber A and is of the concave shape shown, in order to promote the swirling motion of the fuel. The recessed surface of the vaporizer is deeper for heavy tarry oils containing carbon, bitumen, or asphalt, but not so as to cause the oil to be "cracked" nor so as to form deep pockets which are not efficiently scavenged by the air. A rib or ribs L, Fig. 3, may be formed on the vaporizer B to assist in vaporizing the oil, and this rib is arranged parallel with the longitudinal axis of the explosion chamber so as not to obstruct the flow of scavenging-air. The oil injector may be inclined as shown at M or N. The vaporizer B is removable for cleaning or renewal. In order to prevent the accumulation of fuel or lubricating-oil in the cylinder or combustion chamber, the bottom of the passage K of restricted or unrestricted area between them and also the exhaust valve may be arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber and level with or below the bottom of the piston, so that any oil is discharged with the exhaust. When a projection on the piston enters the passage K, a greater clearance may be left at the side nearest the vaporizer, and also, if desired, at the side nearest the injector, than at the top and bottom, in order to increase the amount of hot compressed air that passes the vaporizer and the injector and so improve the vaporization. The passage K preferably extends through the whole depth of the cylinder. In order to facilitate the use of a small vaporizing-surface at a comparatively low temperature, an ignition tube or bulb P is arranged thereon in such a manner that the oil spray does not enter the tube or bulb before being vaporized. When using more volatile oils, the tube P may be arranged at R, Fig. 3. In some cases a portion of the oil spray is injected into the tube P, through the open end or from the outside as at S. Specification 16,748/12 is also referred to.