Patent GB-728503-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to detergent compositions
IPC: C11D1/655
Filed: 1951-01-09
Abstract: From 40 to 75 per cent by weight of a mixture of (a) at least one anionic synthetic detergent salt as defined below, and (b) an ethanolamide or glycerolamide of a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 14 carbon atoms in amount from 10 to 50 per cent of the anionic detergent salt, is mixed with 25 to 60 per cent by weight of a solvent for said mixture consisting of 15 to 80 per cent of water, the remainder being ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.  The resulting liquid composition is stable against clouding and precipitation of solids at 50 DEG  F.  The anionic detergent salt contains less than 10 per cent by weight of electrolyte and constitutes at least 30 per cent by weight of the total composition, and is a sulphated or sulphonated anionic synthetic detergent salt (the anionic portion containing an alkyl radical having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms) of ammonia or an amine of the formula R1R2N-CR3R4R5, wherei R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each hydrogen, alkyl or alkylo having not more than 3 carbon atoms, the total number in the molecule being not greater than 9.  The amount of water in the mixed solvent is sufficient to maintain the electrolyte present in the detergent salt in solution at 50 DEG  F.  From 30 to 55 per cent of the total composition, preferably 35 to 50 per cent may be detergent salt and 5 to 20 per cent, preferably 10 to 15 per cent, may be fatty acid, ethanolamide or glycerolamide.  The electrolyte present in the detergent salt comprises ammonium or substituted ammonium sulphate or chloride formed during the preparation of the detergent by a sulphation or sulphonation process.  The substituted ammonium detergent salts include salts of methylamine, ethylmaine, triethylamine, mono-, di- and triethanolamine, the corresponding n- and iso-propanolamines, methyl diethanolamine, propanol diethanolamine, tris (hydroxy methyl) amino methane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1, 3 propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-1-butanol.  The materials which may be reacted with sulphuric acid to form the detergent may be C10 to C22 aliphatic alcohols or hydrocarbons, C10 to C22-alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons or their derivatives, monoglycerides of fatty acids derived from natural fats and oils, C10 to C22 alcohol esters of C2 to C6 carboxylic acids, monoalkyl glycero and glycol ethers, C10 to C22 fatty acid esters of glycol and diethylene glycol, C10 to C22 fatty acid amides of C2 to C6 alkylolamines and alkylamines and C2 to C6 carboxylic acid amides of alkylolamine esters of C10 to C22 fatty acids.  Specified detergent salts include the ammonium salts of lauryl or oleyl sulphuric acid or of the sulphuric acid esters of alcohols obtained by reduction of coconut oil, the monoethanolamine salt of the reaction product of sulphuric acid and hexadeceone, the ammonium salts of the reaction products of sulphuric acid and a benzene-chlorinated kerosene (predominantly C12) condensation product or a benzene-C9 to C15 (predominantly C12) polypropylene condensation product, the triethanolamine salts of the coconut oil fatty acid monoester of 1, 2-dihydroxypropane-3 sulphuric acid ester and the corresponding sulphonic acid, the 2-amino-2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol salt of lauryl sulphoacetate, the monolauryl ether of ammonium isethionate, the monomyristyl ether of ammonium 1, 2-dihydroxy-propane-3-sulphonate, the monolauryl ether of the monoethanolamine salt of glycol monosulphuric acid, the 2-amino-1-butanol salt of the coconut oil alcohol ether of 1, 2-dihydroxypropane-3-sulphuric acid ester, ethylamine monooleyl diethylene glycol sulphate, the coconut oil fatty acid ester of ammonium isethionate, the monoethanolamine salt of sulphated coconut oil fatty acid amide of monoethanolamine, the ammonium salt of oleic acid amide of N-methyl-taurine, and the monoethanolamine salt of the sulphoacetamide of amino ethyl laurate.  The preferred ethanolamides and glycerolamides are those of lauric and myristic acids and of mixtures of fatty acids consisting of more than 50 per cent lauric and/or myristic acids derived from coconut and palm oils.  Other additional materials such as perfume, colouring agents, preserving agents, stabilizing agents and buffers (citric acid) may also be present in the compositions.  In an example (all parts by weight) 47.95 parts of the salt mixture obtained by neutralizing the reaction product of C10-C16 coconut oil fatty acids and chlorosulphonic acid with a 50 : 50 mixture of ammonia and triethanolamine (and containing 4.72 parts of chloride and sulphate salts of ammonia and triethanolamine) are mixed with 13 parts of the monoamide of coconut oil fatty acid and monoethanolamine, and 20 parts of ethanol and 13.4 parts of of water are added to give a solution remaining clear at 45 DEG  F.  Specification 529,040 is referred to.