Patent GB-1032064-A (GB)
Title: Plastic tube production and apparatus therefor
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1963-04-10
Abstract: 1,032,064. Tubular films. DOW CHEMICAL CO. April 10, 1963 [April 18, 1962], No. 14296/63. Heading B5B. A tube of an orientable thermoplastic resinous material at a temperature substantially below that at which it will stretch and orient is preheated in a first heating zone to a temperature below that at which it will orient, the tube being mechanically restrained from transverse motion passed through one or more further heating zones in which it is heated to at least the temperature at which it is oriented by application of internal fluid pressure while being mechanically restrained from transverse motion, said pressure being sufficient to circumferentially orient said tube to a desired degree, withdrawn from the one or the last of said further heating zones at a rate sufficient to produce longitudinal orientation within the tube, there being maintained within the tube during the orientation a temperature uniformity sufficient to effect a substantially uniform wall thickness, and collapsed to a flat film. Preferably the tube is preheated to a temperature about 2-20 C. below that at which it will stretch and orient, and is expanded by internal gas pressure, especially that of a trapped volume of gas within the tube. Circumferential orientation may be effected to a degree about equal to the longitudinal orientation. Where the tube of orientable thermoplastic resinous material is non-uniform in wall thickness preheating may be accomplished by differentially heating various longitudinal portions of the tube wall in such a way as to provide an oriented tube of uniform wall thickness. Specified materials include polyesters, polyolefins, e.g. polyethylene and polypropylene, vinylidene chloride polymers and copolymers, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (especially the 70: 30 copolymer), polyvinyl chloride, and vinyl chloride copolymers, especially 85: 15 vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate. In operation of the apparatus of Fig. 1, thermoplastic resinous material is extruded as a tube 14 from the annular orifice 17 of die head 15, cooled by the cooling mandrel 24 and cooling jacket 22, which are connected with heat exchange fluid passageways 30, 31, below the temperature at which it may be oriented. In the production of polypropylene tube the internal mandrel may be maintained at from - 20 to 50 C., preferably - 10 to 15 C. Tube 14 passes through tubing guide 42, supplied with heat-exchange fluid, to the oven 37 where it is raised to a temperature just below that at which it may be oriented. Oven 37 has a plurality of heating elements 40 (Fig. 2, not reproduced) aligned parallel to the axis of the tube and individually controllable. Tubing guide 47 through which the tube now passes, is maintained at the temperature of the heated tube by circulation of a heat-exchange fluid. In passing through the second oven 52, fitted with ring-like heating element 54, the tubing is raised to a temperature at which it is deformed by the internal fluid pressures supplied by the passageway 30 of the tube supply means 12, and then passes through the outwardly flowing surface 64 of tubing guide 57 which is maintained by circulation of heat exchange fluid at a temperature substantially that of the tubing. The tubing guides may be faced with a low-friction material, e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene. Bubble 14a is collapsed by the converging rolls 71 and sealed by the nip rolls 73, 74 which may be of rubber to avoid deformation of the tube edges, prior to wind-up at 75. The bubble and heating assembly are positioned within the enclosure 76 to minimize temperature disturbances due to air currents and so enhance the uniformity of thickness of the tube. Operation of the apparatus of Fig. 3 is similar to that of Fig. 1, except that a flattened tube is supplied to the reheating and orienting apparatus. Thermoplastic resinous material is extruded as a tube 101 from the annular die 96, which is cooled by internal cooling mandrel 97, and quenched by the liquid 103 prior to flattening by nip rolls 106, 107. The heating section comprises a plurality of ovens 116, 120, 127, and 147, permitting greater flexibility of control when different thermoplastic resinous materials are used, and the rate of heating is more easily controlled as the ovens 116, 120 and 127 are individually temperature controlled and the heating elements of each, 118, 122 and 129 may be displaced to compensate for non-uniformities in wall thickness occurring in the tube 101a. Guides 131 and 142 are maintained at substantially the temperature of the tube at those points. The pinch rolls 154, 155 and/or the collapsing rolls 152 may be moved with respect to the terminal guide ring so that close control of internal pressure can be maintained. The process permits the production of uniformly oriented film of improved physical properties and having an extremely uniform wall thickness.