Patent GB-966134-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vehicles for travelling over land and/or water
Inventor: EGGINGTON WILFRED JAMES
IPC: B60V1/00
Filed: 1959-10-09
Abstract: 966,134. Air cushion vehicles. HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Oct. 5, 1960 [Oct. 9, 1959], No. 34385/59. Heading B7K. A vehicle for travelling over a surface and which in operation is supported above that surface at least in part by a cushion of pressurized gas formed and contained in a space beneath the vehicle, the cushion being contained for at least part of its periphery by a flow of fluid issuing from a supply port formed in the bottom surface of the vehicle, comprises means for sensing a parameter, variation of which is indicative of a mis-matching of the actual mass-flow and the required mass-flow of the fluid, and means for adjusting the mass-flow of the fluid, in accordance with variations of the parameter, at any locality on said periphery towards that required to sustain the cushion pressure at that locality. The vehicle 1 has a forward air inlet 2 through which air is drawn by a fan 3 and delivered through a chamber 5 to an annular duct 6 which is formed with an annular supply port 7 through which an air curtain 8 is formed to enclose and maintain a cushion 9 of pressurized air upon which the vehicle is supported. A plurality of sliding flaps 17 are provided to vary the area of the port 7, each flap being adjusted by a servomotor 18 controlled by a valve 19 responsive to differential pressures across the air curtain 8. The valve rod 36 is pivotally connected to the mid-point of a lever 35 which is connected at its respective ends to diaphragms 31 and 32 of capsules 29 and 30, the capsule 29 having a connection 27 to a pressuresensing head 25 on the outer side of curtain 8 and capsule 30 having a connection 28 with a similar head 26 on the inner or cushion side of the curtain. When the vehicle is traversing an undulating surface, e.g. short wave formations or irregular terrain or is inclined to the surface as when passing over long waves or sloping ground there will be a difference in height and pressure between one part of the cushion and another. This will result in cross-flows and consequential local differential pressures across the curtain, which will be detected by the mechanism described. Automatic adjustment of the local flaps 17 will increase or decrease, as appropriate, the mass-flow of air forming the curtain to restore equilibrium. Cross flow resulting from forward movement of the vehicle may be detected by a forward-facing Pitot head which results in the adjustment of servomotors as described above. An alternative method of detecting cross-flow is stated to comprises a pivoted vane just inside the duct connected to a control valve of a servomotor which adjusts a valve in the duct to vary the mass flow. It is stated that cross-flow results in breakaway of the flow just inside the supply duct and it is this which the pivoted vane detects. Other embodiments describe similar apparatus for controlling mass-flow in a recirculatory duct and in a further embodiment having the supply ducts fed with air by a fan centrally disposed on the vehicle, a universally mounted disc-shaped vane in the main air intake below the fan is adjusted about two or more transverse axes to control the flow of air entering the supply duct. Specifications 854,211, 893,715, 919,350, 935,823, 935,824, 935,826, and 966,135 are referred to.