baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-718009-A (GB)
Title: Improved electrically insulating traction rail joint liner
IPC: E01B11/54
Filed: 1952-11-04
Abstract: 718,009. Insulating railway rail joints. MOSES, N. K. Nov. 4, 1952, No. 27733/52. Class 104(2). In an electrically insulated rail joint in which rails i, 2 are held in spaced insulated relationship by means of an insulated end post 3 and bridgejoints 4 rubber bodies 13, 14 are interposed between the bridge-joints 4 and the rails 1, 2 and the arrangement is such that the rubber bodies 13, 14 are maintained in a stressed condition in contact with the undersides of the rail heads, the vertical webs, the top surfaces of the rail flange and a substantial portion of the underside of the rails 1, 2 and the rail facing surface of the bridge-joints 4 by bolts 8, the relationship between the rubber bodies 13, 14 and the bridge-joints 4 and the rails 1, 2 being such as to provide the bodies with unrestrained ends and with a clearance space 10 at the rail base edges so as to permit them to spread when a force is placed upon them by the bolts 8 whereby the bolts are maintained under tension by the action of the rubber bodies 13, 14. The insulation 17 for the bolts 8 may be formed integrally with the rubber bodies 13, 14. The bolts 8 have washers 19 of steel strip form insulated by a rubber strip 18. A small space between the edges of rubber bodies 13, 14 beneath the rail flange is located off centre so that it does not coincide with the space between the joint bars 4.
Patent GB-907165-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of transdiethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether
Inventor: JOSHI CHAKRAPANI GOVIND
Filed: 1960-08-10
Abstract: 3 : 4-Dianisylhexane-3-ol or an isomeric mixture of 3 : 4-dianisylhexane-3-ols (obtained by the application of the Grignard reaction with ethyl magnesium bromide to alphaethyldeoxyanisoin) is dehydrated to transdiethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether by heating with phosphorus oxychloride without any solvent for at least 5 minutes.
Patent GB-1275055-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to games
Inventor: SYMONDS JOHN FRANCIS
IPC: A63F3/00
Filed: 1968-09-03
Abstract: 1275055 Indoor game apparatus J F SYMONDS and E J SYMONDS 3 Sept 1969 [3 Sept 1968 17 Jan 1969 and 2 June 1969] 41742/68 2849/69 and 27786/69 Heading A6H Game apparatus, intended for simulating warfare, comprises a pair of spaced-apart non- transparent screens between which is defined a playing area and, for each player, at least one optical device capable of forming an image and adapted to enable the player to view at least a part of the otherwise hidden playing area. In Fig. 4 each screen comprises a plurality of parallel, superposed struts 21 supported in sots 23 in uprights 22. Two rows of mutually staggered flaps 25 and 24 depend from each strut and prevent viewing of the playing area while allowing insertion of playing pieces (e.g. soldiers, vehicles, aircraft, ships, spacecraft), suitable scenery and reflective viewing devices 26, 27 which afford a view upwards or downwards. The pieces are carried on sliding frames 29 and 33 which may also carry external, duplicate, position-indicating pieces. Provision may be made for similar indicator pieces to show a player's estimate of the positions of any of his opponent's pieces. Other embodiments described are; (1) the viewers are fixed reflectors at opposite edges of each screen, (2) the viewer(s) of each player may be formed or associated with a playing piece, (3) the playing area may be enclosed by a single tubular screen, e.g. for playing a spaceship war game.
Patent GB-1030386-A (GB)
Title: Electromagnetic guide bar for guiding shaped rods
Inventor: BONNEAU GEORGES
IPC: B21D43/18
Filed: 1964-07-06
Abstract: 1,030,386. Magnetic holding devices. SORELECMA SOC. CIVILE DE RECHERCHES ELECTROMAGNETIQUES. July 6, 1964, No. 27800/64. Heading H1P. Rods having a straightening and cutting machine, or a shearing machine are guided and supported in downwardly facing open grooves in a non-magnetic body by electromagnetic action and are released by momentarily switching off the current. As shown, stainless steel body 1 is rotatably supported at longitudinally spaced intervals in housing 8 and has grooves 4, 5 of various shapes in its periphery. At each housing an electromagnet comprising core 10 and winding 13 is mounted to co-operate with polepieces 3, 6 embedded in the body. The magnetic circuit is closed by strip 14 and opposite polarity is provided at successive housings. To ensure release of the rod when current to the electromagnets is switched off the groove may be lined with stainless steel or alternatively the polepieces may not open into the grooves. In a modification a guide having a single V-groove may be used for all sections of material.
Patent GB-654235-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of beta-propiolactone
Filed: 1945-10-22
Abstract: Beta-propiolactone is obtained by reacting ketine with formaldehyde in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts halide type catalyst, the reaction being carried out in solution in beta-propiolactone as the sole solvent for the reactants.  The reaction is preferably effected at below 30 DEG  C. and any of the halide catalysts specified in Specification 649,028 may be employed, but the preferred catalyst is that used in Specification 654,236 which comprises a mixture of an aluminium halide with a minor proportion by weight of a zinc halide or of a zinc halide and a ferric halide.  In an example, gaseous formaldehyde is carried through a heated glass tube by a flow of nitrogen and then mixed with a stream of gaseous ketene.  The mixture is led into a stirred solution of aluminium chloride and zinc chloride dissolved in beta-propiolactone.  The reaction is effected at 5 DEG  to 20 DEG  and the reaction mixture then distilled under reduced pressure.  The catalyst may be destroyed before distilling by adding a small amount of alkali.  Formaldehyde is obtained by heating solid paraformaldehyde by means of a salt bath maintained at 160 DEG to 210 DEG  C.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the production of beta-lactones generally by effecting the reaction in a beta-lactone identical with that obtained in the reaction as the sole solvent for the reactants, and the starting materials comprise any of the ketenes and carbonyl compounds specified in Specification 649,028, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 and in addition specifies isobutyraldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, hexahydrobenzaldehyde, methyl n-propyl ketone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl cyclohexyl ketone, and benzyl methyl ketone as starting materials.  It is also stated that the higher homologues of ketene and formaldehyde need not be vaporized before introduction into the reaction mixture.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-536492-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for producing a ground or polished continous strip of glass
IPC: B24B7/24
Filed: 1939-10-14
Abstract: 536,492. Glass manufacture. PILKINGTON BROS., Ltd., WALDRON, F. B., DAVIES, L. H., and GRIFFIN, J. H. Oct. 14, 1939, No. 27896. Drawings to Specification. [Class 56] Relates to the method of producing a continuous strip of ground and polished glass in which the strip passes from a leer to a grinding machine operating on both sides of the strip. According to the invention, a portion of the glass which contains a fault that gives rise to local strain is cut out from the moving strip, and the edges of the hole so formed are treated with acid to fortify them, the cutting and acid treatment being performed during the passage of the fault and the hole from the leer to the grinding machine. The cutting may be performed by a drilling machine adapted to be placed on the glass strip and to remain in position by its weight or by a fixing device so as to move with the strip. Alternatively, the glass may be cut by a sand-blast nozzle placed on the strip and supplied by a flexible pipe from a stationary sand-blast apparatus. After a hole has been made in the strip, a piece of material is applied to the underside of the surrounding glass and held in place to form a liquid-tight joint, the hole being then filled with a suitable fortifying fluid such as dilute hydrofluoric acid. Finally, the hole may be plugged with wood or plaster to prevent the passage of abrasive material during the grinding operation.
Patent GB-785924-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to clutches for motor vehicle drives
IPC: F16D23/06
Filed: 1955-09-30
Abstract: 785,924. Positive clutches. FORD MOTOR CO., Ltd. Sept. 30, 1955 [Oct. 5, 1954], No. 27916/55. Class 80 (2). Balking means for clutch dogs 38, 40 on members 20, 34 comprises a flanged ring 72 secured to member 20 and a flanged ring 74 urged by a spring 106 into frictional contact with the member 34, the rings having axially-projecting teeth 84, 100 of which the teeth 100 have .axially-offset inclined shoulders 104 on one or both sides to co-operate with the similarlyinclined end faces 86 of the teeth 84 when the clutch dogs are disengaged and there is relative rotation between the members 30, 34. The angle of the inclined surfaces exceeds the angle of friction. As shown, the dog clutch affords direct drive in a two-speed countershaft gear wherein the reduction train includes a one-way clutch 28 and the gear 34 is movable axially by a fork 44 operated, through a spring 52, by a speed-controlled vacuum servomotor 66 acting through a bell-crank lever 56. In a modification, the dog clutch affords a direct drive between the impeller and the turbine wheel of an hydraulic torque converter.
Patent GB-1499960-A (GB)
Title: Food flavouring compositions
IPC: A23L27/00
Filed: 1976-07-05
Abstract: 1499960 Flavouring composition GENERAL FOODS CORP 5 July 1976 [3 July 1975] 27952/76 Heading A2B A flavouring composition comprising low levels of a volatile flavouring compound fixed on sucrose is made by forming a supersaturated glassy aqueous solution of sucrose, rapidly cooling to below 30F to form a supersaturated solid solution, mixing particles of the solid solution with volatile flavouring in a screw extruder so as to initiate crystallisation of the sucrose and further mixing to effect complete crystallisation and fix the flavouring in the crystal matrix. The initial solution is preferably cooled by immersion in a liquid maintained at less than 0F, and moisture may be removed during the final mixing stage by contact with a low temperature low humidity gas. The preferred flavouring is acetaldehyde.
Patent GB-858757-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic rubber-like materials
Inventor: COULTER DAVID JAMES BRYANS
IPC: C08G18/60
Filed: 1957-09-06
Abstract: A process for the manufacture of synthetic rubber-like materials by reacting organic diisocyantes with polyesteramides, is characterized in that the said reaction is carried out under substantially anhydrous conditions and that the polyesteramide is based on dicarboxylic acid, glycol and diamine and/or aminoalcohol in such proportions that from 8 to 64 mols. of dicarboxylic acid are present for each mol. of primary amino group and the polyesteramide is crystalline with a melting point not exceeding 50 DEG C and has a water content of not more than 0,1% by weight and an acid value of not more than 5 mg. KOH per gm. and preferably not more than 3 mg. KOH per gm.  The process may be effected in one step by mixing the polyesteramide and all the diisocyanate, casting and heating in a mould.  Preferably a "raw rubber" is produced in a first stage by reacting such an amount of diisocyanate as to give a processible reaction product with a Williams Plasticity Number between 200 and 550.  The "raw rubber" is then processed with an organic polyisocyanate and there may also be incorporated fillers such as carbon black, silica, china clay, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminium silicate and fibres such as those of glass, polyesters, polyamides, wool and ground leather, plasticizers, catalysts, acids such as adipic and stearic and materials capable of forming adducts with isocyanates.  Curing is then effected with heating and pressure.  In a typical Example (12) a "raw rubber" of Williams Plasticity Number 289 is prepared by reacting mixed toluene -2,4 and 2,6- diisocyanates with a polyesteramide prepared by reacting adipic acid, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and ethanolamine.  It is milled with stearic acid, silica and 4:41 diisocyanate -3- methyldiphenylmethane and press cured at 150 DEG C.
Patent GB-1261790-A (GB)
Title: Holographic process and installation
Inventor: DONZELLE GERALD
IPC: G03H1/22
Filed: 1969-06-04
Abstract: 1,261,790. Holography. C. DONZELLE. 4 June, 1969 [11 June, 1968], No. 28343/69. Heading H5R. [Also in Division G2] Objects in an environment opaque to visible radiation are located and visualized by making a group of radiographs and/or tomographs of the object, recording on a single photographic plate a hologram of said group of radiographs and/or tomographs disposed such that the relative positions of the images they represent are restored and then locating the hologram relative to said environment and illuminating said hologram whereby the reconstructed image is superimposed upon the object. In an example of locating a brain tumour a series of tomographs a-j (Fig. 2) are made of the inside of a cranium 2 (Fig. 4) the tomographs fixed in the relative positions of the planes of the cranium they represent and the hologram 8 made. If desired a plurality of groups of radiographs or tomographs may be made from different directions and the whole superimposed on the same photographic plate. In a further embodiment there is superimposed on the hologram a further hologram of the reverse of the tomographs taken in the same planes but after injection of a contrast liquid.
Patent GB-688186-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to chess boards
IPC: G09B19/22
Filed: 1951-12-07
Abstract: 688,186. Chess boards. THACKER, T. L. Dec. 7, 1951. No. 28679/51. Class 132 (ii). Each square of a chess board 10 has three illuminated spots X, Y, Z disposed as shown and coloured amber, green and red respectively to denote that that square is threatened by "white", "black" or both and a mask 22 pivoted at 26 and having two apertures 27, 28 which are opposite so that all spots may be obscured or only one disclosed. The mask has a knurled upstanding edge 24. The spots are formed by. translucent prisms 17 illuminated from below by a lamp 19. In a modification, Figs. 5 and 6. (not shown), each square has three coloured lamps 20 so connected to a switch-board for each player that "white" controls the amber only, "black" the green only and both the red, the masks being dispensed with.
Patent GB-1004044-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to connector pieces for tubular elements, tubular structures incorporating such connector pieces and methods of making such structures
Inventor: TAYLOR GEORGE OSWALD
IPC: E04G7/02
Filed: 1963-07-19
Abstract: 1,004,044. Stud and socket fastenings. BRITISH ALUMINIUM CO. Ltd. July 9, 1964 [July 19, 1963], No. 28696/63. Heading E2B. [Also in Division F2] A tube connector comprises a resilient tubular element 1 having a split or slot 3 extending from one end which is inserted into a tube 6, means 11 at the other end for connection to a support 12, an external shoulder 4 at or adjacent to the said one end to engage with an internal shoulder 17 of the tube 6 to resist separation. Slots 3 divide the element 1 into a number of tongues 2 with chamfered top-ends 5. The connector 11 is a bolt passing through a hole in the base of the element and can be screwed into one of six threaded holes 13 which are at the centre of each face of the cubic support 12. A boss 15 on the underside of the base seating 8 mates with a recess 14 in the face of the support, or vice-versa. A groove 10 on the element receives either a fixing screw (not shown), for temporary attachment, or internal shoulder formed in the tube 6 at 18, for permanent attachment. A connector for a tube of square cross-section is illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6 (not shown).
Patent GB-843686-A (GB)
Title: Radiant energy converter
IPC: H01L31/06
Filed: 1956-09-19
Abstract: 843,686. Photo-electric devices. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc. Sept. 19, 1956 [Oct. 31, 1955], No. 28699/56. Drawings to Specification. Class 37. A solar battery comprises a plurality of layers of semi-conductor materials with different energy gaps between their conductive and valency bands, each of which contains a PN junction. Preferably the layers are superposed with the P, and N parts of adjacent layers electrically connected either by direct contact or by wires. The uppermost layer upon which the radiation is directed is of material with the highest energy gap and the following layers are of materials with progressively lower energy gaps. It is desirable if the layers are to be connected in series that the number of photons absorbed in each layer is the same. Since when a photon is absorbed any energy it possesses in excess of the energy gap of the absorbing material is dissipated as heat the efficiency of conversion of radiation to electrical energy for the device as a whole is improved by using a large number of layers with closely spaced energy gap. The operation is as follows: photons with energy greater than the energy gap of the first layer are absorbed therein to give electron whole pairs which separate across the PN junction to give an output current. The first layer being transparent to less energetic photons these pass to the second layer where those with energies between the energy gaps of the first and second layers are absorbed, and so on. The depth of the PN junctions which are formed by diffusion of acceptor impurity into formerly N type layers,. is chosen so that each junction is within the minority carrier diffusion length of the point at which maximum absorption in the layer occurs to prevent loss of minority carriers by recombination. The use of Group IV elements, such as Ge and Si, of compounds of Groups III and V elements such as GaAs and InSb, of compounds of Group II and VI elements such as ZnS and CdSe, and of mixed crystals of such intermetallic compounds with intermediate values of energy gap is suggested. One example uses layers of CdSe (energy gap 1À74eV), Si, ((1À08eV) and GaSb (0À67eV) connected in series and another layers of AlSb (1À88eV) InP (1À25eV) and Ge (0 À82eV) also in series. The conversion efficiencies are 17À4 and 22 % respectively against 11% for a single layer Si PN junction device. One of the layers may be electrically independent of the others which are then series or parallel connected.
Patent GB-431370-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dress vests
IPC: A41D1/04
Filed: 1934-12-21
Abstract: 431,370. Waistcoats. EMMS, C., 11, Savile Row, London. Dec. 21, 1934, No. 28788. [Class 141] A waistcoat, made in the form of a band with a fastening at the back or side, comprises two front portions, overlapping and secured together by stitching and provided with detachable buttons, and side pieces joined to or formed as continuations of the front portions. The garment may be single-breasted as shown in Fig. 3, or double-breasted as in Fig. 5. In a further modified form as shown in Fig. 1, a single piece of material B may extend completely across the front with a separate V- shaped panel B<1> stitched thereto, pleats E being inserted if desired. The front, reinforced at the edges with an additional row of stitching P, may be provided on the inside with pockets to receive stiffeners, and with a buttonholed tag, slidably mounted on a tape, and loops to engage respectively with the top trouser button and the tabs of braces. The side pieces C, D may be elastic or formed from material similar to the front portions, and the buckle J of the fastening is preferably detachable. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 15920/02 and 169,029, [both in Class 141].
Patent GB-1092373-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of non-woven fabrics
Inventor: MEACOCK GRAHAM WALTER
IPC: D04H3/009
Filed: 1963-07-20
Abstract: Non-woven fabric is made by bonding a web in spaced binder areas by dielectric welding using at least one, but preferably two, patterned electrodes.  The web must contain at least 5% of fibres that are thermoplastic and exhibit a dielectric loss at the frequency employed.  The electrodes may be flat plates or one or both may be in roller form.  They may provide a pair of co-operating travelling surfaces traversing the fabric between them.  The term "fibres" includes staple fibres, continuous filaments and multifilament yarns. The web may be prepared by carding, garnetting together with cross-lapping if desired, by air laying on suitable receiving surfaces which may be shaped if desired, and by directly laying freshly spun filaments with the aid of turbulent air jets causing random distribution and entanglement on suitable receiving surfaces. The weld areas are preferably spaced so that the distances therebetween are less than half the length of the shortest fibres. The fibres selected are preferably non-crystalline or the fibre-to-fibre bonds formed may be brittle.  Suitable weldable fibres include certain polyamides. Fibres having two fibre-forming components may be employed where one of the components is weldable. Such composite fibres may comprise components selected from the following groups of compounds: polyamides, polyesters, polyesteramides, polysulphonamides, polyolefines, polyurethanes, combinations thereof and copolymers or terpolymers.  The components of the heterofilaments may be side by side or in a sheath-and-core relationship.  Additives may be incorporated in the heterofilaments during or before the spinning operation, such as pigments, plasticisers, dyes, moth- or fire-proofing agents, fillers, abrasives and/or light stabilisers.  Non-weldable fibres which may be included in the web include cotton, wool, rayon or fibres based on acrylonitrile polymers or polyolefines such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
Patent GB-504356-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, and in the manufacture of, water closet basins and flushing cisterns for use therewith
IPC: E03D11/06
Filed: 1937-10-22
Abstract: 504,356. Sanitary closets; moulding. JOHNS CO., Ltd., and CORN, E. R. Oct. 22. 1937, No. 28825. [Class 26] [Also in Group V] In a water-closet basin of the kind in which a P or like trap 4 is situated forwardly of the bowl 2 and has a substantially horizontal rear outlet 8, the rim 3 is formed with an integral platform 13 for the flushing cistern, the platform being supported by a web 15 connected to the outlet 8 and having, at its top, a central cup 17 to receive the nushing water from the inlet 14. The rim has an integral spreader 18. The bowl. together with the web 15, is moulded in a four-piece mould by the slip process and the rim, with its platform, in a two-piece mould. As shown in Fig. 4, the bowl mould consists of a top section 23 with a core 24, a bottom section 25 and side sections 28, 29. the outlet 8 being closed by n chock by which the surplus clay slip is run off. A peg 32 is inserted in the bottom section 25 to form a small vent hole 33 in the bottom of the basin and a bulge 34 in the trapway 7. The vent hole 33 is for the release of trapped air during the baking process. The walls 12 and 12<1> are moulded separately. Specification 504,351 is referred to.