baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-907435-A (GB)
Title: Process for the halogenation of hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C17/12
Filed: 1961-05-29
Abstract: A catalyst for the chlorination or bromination of hydrocarbons in the gaseous state comprises cupric chloride or bromide, at least one alkali metal chloride or bromide and at least one rare earth metal chloride or bromide.  Other metal halides may be present, e.g. those of silver, lead or tin.  The atomic ratio of alkali metal to copper may be 0,3 to 3, preferably 0,8 to 1,2, and the weight ratio of copper to rare earth metal between 3:1 and 1:3.  A carrier is preferably used, the copper and rare earth metal contents generally each being from 1 to 20% by weight, calculated as metal referred to the total quantity of metal plus carrier.  Suitable carriers include pumice, ceramics and, preferably, silica gel preferably having a surface area of at least 200 sq. metre/gram and an average pore diameter of at least 60  .  Examples describe compositions prepared by impregnating silica gel with solutions containing copper, didymium and potassium chlorides, drying and heating in air at 250 DEG C., sodium being already present in the carrier in one case, and by impregnating silica gel with nitrates of copper, didymium and potassium, calcining, and treating with H Br/air and then HBr at 200 DEG C.ALSO:Hydrocarbons are chlorinated or brominated by contacting them in the gaseous state at elevated temperature with a composition containing cupric chloride or bromide, at least one alkali metal chloride and bromide and also at least one rare earth metal chloride or bromide.  The cupric halide may be regenerated by contact with halogen or with an oxygen-containing gas and hydrogen halide.  The halogenation and regeneration steps may be effected separately or the halogen and/or the oxygen-containing gas and hydrogen halide may be mixed with the hydrocarbon feed so that the metal halide composition then appears to act as a catalyst.  Other metal halides, e.g. of silver, lead or tin may be present.  The atomic ratio of alkali metal to copper may be 0.3 to 3, preferably 0.8 to 1.2, and the weight ratio of copper to rare earth metal between 3:1 and 1:3.  Silica gel is the preferred carrier. Halogenation temperatures may be from 100 to 400 DEG C.  A fluidised bed may be used.  Examples describe the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane from ethylene, which may contain hydrogen, and of monochlorobenzene from benzene.
Patent GB-835118-A (GB)
Title: An ion source
IPC: H01J27/10
Filed: 1956-06-22
Abstract: 835,118. Ion sources. SIEMENSCHUCKERTWERKE A. G. June 22, 1956 [June 27, 1955], No. 19487/56. Class 39(1). An ion source includes a nozzle 6 interposed between the cathode 1, Fig. 1, and the anode 10 and the pressure in the cathode space, defined by chamber 3, so differs from the pressure in the anode space 10 that a hightemperature arc discharge occurs in the space at higher pressure while a form of heavycurrent glow discharge occurs in the space at lower pressure ; the cathode is without separate heating means so that it is heated only by the discharge. The pressures in the spaces may be 40 mm. Hg and 10-<SP>3</SP> mm. Hg and the gas may be hydrogen. A plasma flow reaching supersonic speed may be produced. A negatively biased ion pull electrode or probe is provided at 7 and the anode has a nozzle aperture 9. Nozzle 6 may be provided with cooling channels. A second nozzle may be provided and the space between the two nozzles evacuated. The second nozzle may be of quartz and may be provided with cooling channels. In Fig. 4, the quartz nozzle 62 is mounted on the anode 64. The cathode, anode and pull electrodes may also be cooled. The anode and cathode may comprise magnetic poles in order to concentrate the plasma. The positions of the anode and cathode may be interchanged. In a modification the pull electrode is so shaped that the ion extraction takes place radially.
Patent GB-1468652-A (GB)
Title: Beds
IPC: F16B12/54
Filed: 1975-05-08
Abstract: 1468652 Adjustable beds FERDINAND LUSCH KG 8 May 1975 [11 May 1974 8 Nov 1974 22 Feb 1975] 19499/75 Heading A4J The head section 5 of a mattress support having three pivotally inter-connected sections 3-5 is pivotally connected to the base 1 of the bed and is releasably locked in any one of a plurality of positions relative to the central section 4, the central section being slidably and pivotally connected to the base. The head and central sections are pivotally connected by a rivet 17 passing through brackets 16, 15 secured to the two sections and are locked in position by a pin on the head bracket engaging a notched cut-out 19 in a lever pivotally secured to the central section bracket and biased by a spring 22 into the locked position. Alternatively Figs. 9 and 10 (not shown) the notched cutout may be provided on the head section bracket and the pin may be mounted on the pivoted lever. A double bed may be formed from two independently adjustable mattress supports.
Patent GB-314436-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hat planking machines
IPC: A42C1/08
Filed: 1929-06-26
Abstract: 314,436. Scotti, O. June 27, 1928, [Convention date]. Bodies, planking.-Relates to the type of hat planking machine wherein the bodies are treated between a normally fixed table and a flat upper member reciprocated over the work, and consists in detail improvements. The fixed tables i are adjustable by a screw j at each corner, so that their inclination may be regulated. The movable tables are reciprocated by a lever c bent through a right angle, pivoted on a shaft d, and oscillated by an adjustable crank engaging a slide in the slotted end of the lever. The bent lever is connected to the movable table by conical bearings allowing adjustment. The movable table is maintained in operative position by a strut m, which is removed when work is to be changed. The free end of the table is supported by a spring o reinforced bv an axial rod r broken at s. The upper end of the spring is secured to a counterweighted system p. An oscillated shaper t for the tip is held in inoperative position, when desired, by a spring clip q. The driving shaft is provided with a flywheel z.
Patent GB-267394-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to sheet feeding mechanism for printing presses
IPC: B41F21/00
Filed: 1926-08-10
Abstract: 267,394. White, M. L. Aug. 10, 1926. Gripper cylinder sheet feeds; sheet-carriers.- Sheets are fed to printing-machines by a gripper cylinder 18, Fig. 1, which is brought gradually to rest to receive the sheets from a feed board 17 and is then accelerated to the speed of the sheet-receiving member, which may be an impression cylinder or a rotary carrier 10 of a multi-colour printing-machine comprising a number of couples 15, 16. The drum 18 is formed of a number of segments mounted on a shaft 19 driven by a variable epicyclic gearing from a shaft 27, the gearing comprising an outer ring member 23 geared externally to a gear 26 on shaft 27, and internally to a pair of planet gears 24 which engage a gear 22 on shaft 19. The gears 24 are mounted in an arm 33 which is oscillated by a link 38, lever 39, and a cam 36 on the plate cylinder 16. The motion given to shaft 19 depends on the direction of motion of the arm 33, and this is controlled by the shape of the cam 36, which is designed to cause the cylinder to be at rest to receive a sheet, and then to be accelerated to the speed of the drum 18. Gripper mechanism.-The sheet is gripped on the drum 18, Fig. 5, by grippers 47 pivoted to supporting links 50 and connected to arms 48 on a shaft 49 supported in the drum. The shaft 49 is oscillated by a cam 53 loosely mounted on shaft 19 and driven in the opposite direction, and by means of the arm 48 the grippers are opened to receive the sheets and at the point of transfer to grippers 60, 61, Fig. 6, on the carrier 10. The grippers 60, 61 are shown in their open position in Fig. 6, the members 61 being operated by links 62 and an oscillating shaft 64. When this shaft permits, the grippers 61 close independently under the action of spring 67.
Patent GB-880344-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrodialytic cells
Inventor: AKEROYD EWART INGHAM
IPC: B01D61/48
Filed: 1958-06-19
Abstract: 880,344. Electrodialytic cells. PERMUTIT CO. Ltd. June 2, 1959 [June 19, 1958], No. 19692/58. Addition to 877,239. Class 41. A multi-compartment electrodialytic cell in which the compartments are separated by ionselective membranes has fibrous mats of ionexchange resin in some or all of the compartments. The mats may comprise fibres of one kind of selectivity only, or of both kinds, and may have the same linear dimensions as the compartments and may be compressed when the cell is tightened up on assembling. Specification 858,137 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1164597-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Tooth Brushes
Inventor: TIPALDI RAFFAELE
IPC: A46B7/02
Filed: 1968-04-25
Abstract: 1,164,597. Toothbrushes. R. TIPALDI. 25 April, 1968 [26 May, 1967], No. 19694/68. Heading A4K. A toothbrush head, which may be used, either in line with the handle or, in a transverse position, turned through 90 degrees thereto, is rotated by the longitudinal motion of a push wire 12, controlled by finger-operated slide 13. A bent end (11), of the wire 12 tracks in a rectiliner groove 10, surrounding the four sides of stud 7 and engages in recesses, arranged at the corners of the square. The brush head is retained in hole (8), by a fixing washer 9.
Patent GB-147742-A (GB)
Title: Improved apparatus for washing, or otherwise treating liquids with liquids or vapours
IPC: C10G21/10
Filed: 1920-07-08
Abstract: 147,742. Vivies, B. de M. de. March 26, 1919, [Convention date]. Perfumes.-Relates to apparatus for washing liquids or for treating a liquid with a solvent immiscible with it and of different specific gravity. It is stated to be specially suitable for treating with alcohol oils and fats, that have been used for extracting perfumes. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used when the treating-liquid is heavier than the liquid to be treated. It comprises a receptacle a with baffle-plates b, perforated alternately at opposite ends, an inlet e, and an outlet g for the treating-liquid. A head d with a cooling-pipe f may be provided, and is necessary if the treating- agent is supplied as vapour. The pipe q is connected to a pipe h delivering to a similar apparatus. To prevent siphoning the pipe h may be wider than the pipe g or may be connected by a pipe i to the upper part of the vessel a. A pipe m allows of circulation in the vessel a of the liquid under treatment. When the treating-liquid is the lighter, an additional down-pipe is provided for it either within or outside of the vessel a and the pipe g is connected to the upper part of the vessel. Fig. 4 shows apparatus in which both liquids are in motion, inlets e, k and outlets g, l being provided for the lighter and heavier liquids respectively. The apparatus may be surrounded by a heating or cooling device.
Patent GB-587493-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to optical systems suitable for photography
IPC: G02B27/58
Filed: 1944-10-13
Abstract: 587,493. Optical systems. PHILCO RADIO & TELEVISION CORPORATION. Oct. 13, 1944, No. 19787. Convention date, Oct. 14, 1943. [Classes 97 (i) and 98 (i)] An optical system particularly for use in photography includes a filter comprising a light - transmitting aperture such as to produce a visible diffraction effect, the transparency of the aperture varying as a function of the distance outward from the axial centre thereof. Such a system produces increased contrast in taking or enlarging photographs particularly for use in printing publications. As shown, the filter comprises a transparent disc 1 cemented to partly transparent members 2, 3 of the same refractive index thus forming an annular aperture 4, the diameter d of which is of the order of one-tenth of an inch. The. areas surrounding the aperture may be of gradually varying transparency as shown in Fig. 3 or abrupt, Fig. 11, and the area 2 may be opaque, but is preferably slightly transparent. Fig. 9 shows a projection system comprising a light source 11, condenser 12, transparency 13 and the filter 14, an image being formed at 16 on a ground glass screen or light-sensitive sheet. The filter may be formed by spluttering a glass surface with a thin coating of metal followed, if necessary, by buffing. Alternatively, carbon black may be used and the filter may be applied directly to the image-forming lens.
Patent GB-1428941-A (GB)
Title: Method for preparation of polymethacrylates by the anionic po lymerization
IPC: C08F20/12
Filed: 1974-05-06
Abstract: 1428941 Anionic polymerization of methacrylates CESKOSLOVENSKA AKADEMIE VED 6 May 1974 [7 May 1973] 19847/74 Heading C3P Esters of methacrylic acid are polymerized anionically using as initiator an alphalithiosubstituted carboxylic acid ester. The process is carried out in an aromatic hydrocarbon or aliphatic ether at - 70‹ to + 50‹ C. The initiator may be prepared in situ from a substituted lithium amide and the appropriate carboxylic ester or from an organolithium compound, secondary amine and an appropriate carboxylic ester. A lithium alkoxide may also be present in the polymerization. In typical examples, methyl- or n-octyl methacrylate are polymerized in toluene using ethyl-α-lithioisobutyrate or mixtures thereof with lithium t-butoxide or (-)-menthoxide, or in situ initiator mixtures of n - butyl lithium / diisopropylamine / ethylisobutyrate or di-t-butyl-α,α<SP>1</SP>,α<SP>1</SP>-trimethylglutarate /N-lithium diisopropylamide.
Patent GB-1470233-A (GB)
Title: Ultrasonic testing of tubing employing a spiral wave generator
IPC: G01S15/02
Filed: 1974-05-06
Abstract: 1470233 Ultrasonic flaw detection USS ENGS & CONSULTANTS Inc 6 May 1974 [4 May 1973] 19864/74 Heading G1G [Also in Divisions H3 and H5] The ultrasonic detection of spirally orientated defects within the wall of a tube is effected by introducing into the tube wall a divergent ultrasonic beam from e.g. a water coupled transducer, at an incident angle which results in the generation of spiral shear waves in the tube wall including a component perpendicular to any spirally orientated defect within a specific angular range from the longitudinal axis of the tube, and finally detecting the ultrasonic energy reflected back to the transducer from any defect. The test apparatus Fig. 1, is mounted on the moving rotating tube to be tested by rollers 2, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the tube. Positional variations of the tube are compensated for on the apparatus by bearings 8 and 10. The test heads 6 are mounted for transverse adjustment, and each head 6, Fig. 4, comprises a transducer 14 coupled to a plastics lens 16 by silicone grease; an elliptical water cylinder 22 surrounds lens 16 and a rubber boot 24 is placed on top of cylinder 22. Water is forced into the water cylinder 22 through port 28 and escapes through slot 26. The lens 32 is constructed to produce a beam offset at an angle A, Fig. 7, diverging from 10 degrees to 30 degrees of the vertical axis of the test head. The lens is therefore convex along the diverging axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube, and is concave along the axis at right angles thereto to focus the rays along a line (36), Fig. 6 (not shown). The transducer is aligned off-axis with respect to the tube Fig. 6, (not shown). Echo signals are displayed and recorded.
Patent GB-296179-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric motor control
IPC: H02P7/34
Filed: 1927-07-27
Abstract: 296,179. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., and Nixon, L. R. July 27, 1927. Exciting.- In a system of electric motors working in series on a constant current supply, a motor 1 driving a separate exciter machine 17 has a shunt connection across its armature through variable resistance 32 to an exciter field winding 31, or, in a modification, to a motor field winding. The connection may be made by movable tappings of a potentiometer resistance across the motor armature. Specifications 281,009 and 281,024 are referred to.
Patent GB-180595-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in extension rules
IPC: G01B3/08
Filed: 1921-07-25
Abstract: 180,595. Fenwirth, F. H. July 25, 1921. Foot-rules and like measures. - A telescopic rule comprises a number of sections 10, 13 having engaging dovetailed grooves and tongues 11, 12 with triangular stop-pieces 16, 18, 20 at the ends, the side edges being bevelled as at 14. Recesses. 24, 25 are formed in the grooves and tongues at each end to accommodate a loose tumbler pin 23, which in the upright position of the rule serves as a locking-pin but which falls completely into one recess 24 when the rule is inverted, to permit the sections to be extended. The top section is graduated from right to left and the remainder from left to right, whereby a direct reading may be obtained when measuring inside dimensions, as shown in Fig. 4.
Patent GB-439025-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to high frequency electrical circuits
IPC: H01P7/04
Filed: 1935-07-12
Abstract: 439,025. Condensers. FEDERAL TELEGRAPH CO., 200, Mount Pleasant Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.-(Assignees of Kolster, F. A. ; 120E, 39th Street, New York, U.S.A.) July 12, 1935, No. 19968. Convention date, Oct. 31, 1934. Addition to 426,727. [Class 38 (ii)] [See also Group XL] A composite unit of inductance and capacity specially adapted for ultra-short wavelengths, as in the parent Specification, comprises a pair of conducting members spaced apart on a metallic tube, means being provided for varying the capacity by rotating one of said members. The inductance is a high conductivity copper tube 1 connected to and held in position by copper end tubes 3, 3a, which are mounted on metal end blocks 9. The assembly is held together by a longitudinal tie rod 10 and nuts 29, the blocks 9 being screwed to mounting insulators 30. A cupshaped member 31, on which are formed eight radial plates or vanes 13, is fixed rigidly on the end tube 3a by a split sleeve 32, while a similar cup-shaped member 35 carrying eight radial vanes 14 is rotatably mounted on the end tube 3, rotation of member 35 being effected, to vary the distance between the vanes 13, 14, by the knob 39 through an insulator 40, shaft 12 and worm 8 co-operating with a toothed segment 7. A spring 41 retains member 35 in position laterally and presses the tube 3 into contact with tube 1. A centre tapping on tube 1 is obtained by means of a clamp 18. Different diameters of inductance tubes 1 may be employed for different inductance valves. The length of the condenser vanes is such that there is no appreciable change in capacity due to variation in temperature. If the unit is mounted vertically the insulators 30 may be replaced by a single insulator fixed to the cup-shaped stator member 31. The arrangement is suitable for use on wavelengths of 3 to 5 metres.
Patent GB-905531-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to soap feeding or dispensing devices
IPC: A47L15/44
Filed: 1961-06-02
Abstract: 905,531. Dishwashers. SCHMIDT, G. C. June 2, 1961, No. 19975/61. Addition to 884,683. Class 138 (1). The soap dispenser forming the subject of the parent Specification is modified by the provision of a base chamber 71 formed with lip 72b lower than the remainder of the upper edge 72a of the chamber and with slots 75. Also the breather tube 35 is flattened at 38 to provide an elongated opening 39 to prevent clogging by careless filling of the container with soap powder 40.
Patent GB-792342-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical calculators
Inventor: HEBEL MARTIN
IPC: G06F7/44
Filed: 1954-07-09
Abstract: 792,342 Digital electric calculating-apparatus. ELDI-FEINMECHANIK GES. July 9, 1954, No. 20110/54. Class 106 (1). In an electric calculator including a product former comprising first and second input means for digits or code components of digits of first and second factors to be multiplied and elements for controlling product-representing circuits, any particular digit or component influences the same control element(s) and a product of two digits is effected by the same means regardless of the input means by which the respective digits are entered. As shown, two decimal digits to be multiplied represented by code components 1, 2, 3, 5, are entered, e.g. from electromechanical stores, by selectively closing contacts s1, s2, a3, s5 and t1, t2, t3, t5 of relays (not shown), into the " combiner " shown, in which differentially wound relays M1-M5 or " double " relays F1-F5 are energized according to whether corresponding values occur in one or both digits. Relays Fl, F2, F3 are energized also for digit values 7, 8, 9 respectively. The operated M- and F-relays actuate contacts in two networks (Fig. 2, not shown) for obtaining the units and tens digits on sets of output lines (1, 2, 3, 5 and 10, 20, 30, 50) successively connected through contacts of further relays to result output control magnets. The sequence of operations for multiplying two multi-digit factors is described; the partial results obtained in the product former are accumulated by means of an electric totalizer and (not described in detail) an electromechanical result store, a control cam-shaft effecting the appropriate denomination selections.
Patent GB-653436-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of thiuram monosulphides
IPC: C07C333/32
Filed: 1947-07-28
Abstract: A tetrasubstituted thiuram monosulphide is prepared by mixing a dialkyl-thiocarbamyl chloride or a cyclopoly-methylenethiocarbamyl chloride with a water-soluble salt of a dialkyldithiocarbamic acid or a cyclopolymethylene dithiocarbamic acid.  An aqueous reaction medium is most satisfactory though solvents such as p  hydrocarbons, chlorocarbons and alcohols may be included.  Excess dithiocarbamate together with the salt formed in the reaction may be removed from the sulphide product by washing with water and unreacted thiocarbamyl chloride may be removed by distillation in vacuo.  In example (1) tetraethyl thiuram monosulphide is prepared by warming aqueous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate with diethylthiocarbamyl chloride and similarly are obtained in (2) tetrapropylthiuram monosulphide from sodium di-n-propyl dithiocarbamate and di-n-propyl thiocarbamyl chloride, (3) tetrabutylthiuram monosulphide from di-n-butylthiocarbamyl chloride and sodium di-n-butyl dithiocarbamate prepared by treating di-n-butylamine with aqueous sodium hydroxide and carbon bisulphide; (4) tetra-amylthiuram monosulphide from diamylthiocarbamyl chloride and sodium diamyl dithiocarbamate; (5) tetraethylthiuram monosulphide from ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate and diethylthiocarbamyl chloride; (6) N,N - dimethyl - N1,N1 - diethyl thiuram monosulphide from sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate and diethyl thiocarbamyl chloride; (7) tetramethylthiuram monosulphide from sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate and dimethylthiocarbamyl chloride; (8) tetraethylthiuram monosulphide from diethyl thiocarbamyl chloride, prepared by chlorinating a slurry of tetraethylthiuram disulphide in benzene, and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate at room temperature.  The dithiocarbamate starting materials may be prepared by treating secondary amines with carbon disulphide and aqueous base by known methods and the thiocarbamylchlorides by reaction between thiophosgene or preferably direct chlorination of substituted di- and polysulphides according to the process of Specification 650,056.