baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-309001-A (GB)
Title: Process for synthesising nitrogen compounds
IPC: C01C1/04
Filed: 1927-12-30
Abstract: 309,001. Potts, H. E., (Plauson, H.). Dec. 30, 1927. Radiations, treating substances with for effecting chemical reactions.-Nitrogen compounds are synthesized by subjecting nitrogen with other gaseous substances such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water vapour and gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, acetylene &c. to the action of rapidly moving electrons (#-rays) artificially produced in a #-ray tube having a metal window or the joint action of #-rays and X-rays. The reaction may be assisted by electric and/or rotating electromagnetic fields and by a catalyst which may be suspended in finely divided form in the reacting gases. The velocity of the rays employed should exceed one half the velocity of light and is suitably 200,000 to 260,000 kilometres per sec. The gases after exposure to the rays remain in a reactive condition which may be utilized by circulating the gases under pressure or raised temperature. By this method nitrogen and hydrogen may be caused to produce ammonia, air to produce nitrogen oxides, and mixtures of nitrogen and hydrocarbons to produce various organic nitrogen compounds. Examples. 1.. Nitrogen oxides are produced using a catalyst dust of magnesium percxide or percarbonate. 2. From a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen is produced a mixture of nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium carbamate, urea, ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate-carbamide, and other compounds of the urea cyanamide group, the catalyst in this case being magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide, small quantities of hydrocarbons are also produced. The process is facilitated by the use of catalysts such as sodium salts and fluorescent compounds together with hydrogen absorbing compounds. 3. From a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen, are produced compounds of the carbamide type such as uric acid. 4. Ammonia is produced from nitrogen and bydrogen', using as catalysts colloidal magnesium carbonate, titanium carbonate, iron carbonyl and phosphorescent or fluorescent substances. The apparatus used may be that described in Specification 299,795. Specification 154,213 also is referred to.
Patent GB-764621-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the repairing of fractured metal articles
IPC: B23P6/04
Filed: 1954-12-06
Abstract: 764,621. Jointing; soldering; welding by fusion. SVENSKA METALOCK AKTIEBOLAG. Dec. 6, 1954 [Dec: 7, 1953], No. 35303/54. Class 83 (4). A cracked or fractured metal article such, for example, as a casting is repaired by forming in the surface of the article a recess extending across the crack or fracture 1, inserting into the recess a locking plate 4 of such size as to form a continuous channel 5 between the sides of the recess and the plate, and introducing into the channel a suitable filler material 6 by a welding, soldering or pressing operation, the shape of the plate and recess being such that the plate 4 acts as a key to oppose separation, under tensile loading, of the portions 2 and 3 of the article on opposite sides of the crack or fracture. The plate is formed with arcuate end portions 7, 8 merging tangentially into side portions 9, 10 decreasing uniformly in width to a waist portion at the crack or fracture and the recess is of similar configuration to the plate so that the channel 5 is of uniform cross-section throughout. The plate is preferably of nickel alloy steel and it and/or the recess may be provided with grooves or undercuts such as 14 or 15 respectively. The filler material 6 may be welding material, soldering material such as bronze, or plastic material such as lead-bronze; the material in all cases being preferably subjected to subsequent cold-working by hammering or caulking. If the crack or fracture is located in a curved portion of the article, the recess is formed in the convex surface and the locking plate is curved accordingly.
Patent GB-342806-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to air and water cooled walls for furnaces and the like
IPC: F23M5/08
Filed: 1929-11-19
Abstract: 342,806. Furnace walls. AMERICAN ENGINEERING CO., Aramingo Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A. Nov. 19, 1929, No. 35332. Convention date, July 5. [Class 51 (i).] In a furnace wall having metallic elements forming the inner face and insulating elements forming the outer face the wall comprises at least in part a hollow structure interiorly sub-divided to form parallel air ducts and is provided with watercooled tubes on or near the inner face. The inner face, Figs. 5 and 15, is formed by metal boxes 20 comprising a main plate 23 with side flanges 24 and inwardly directed ribs 26 and having ends formed with slots 25 for the reception of cement for sealing together the end edges of adjacent boxes. The sides of adjacent boxes are secured together by bolts 28, metal partition plates 21 being interposed at convenient intervals to form parallel air ducts 11. Removable panels 22 of insulating material form the outer face of the wall. The ducts 11 are preferably arranged vertically, Fig. 9, and during the operation of the furnace an air current is drawn through from the open upper ends, thereby cooling the wall, the air itself becoming heated for use in the wind box. Downwardly and rearwardly inclined water tubes 16 are arranged against the inner face of the lower part of the side walls and may be parallel or may diverge rearwardly. A layer of refractory cement 19 is preferably disposed between the tubes and the wall to protect the latter from direct contact with the contents of the furnace. The ducts 11 may terminate in a horizontal duct 30 preferably supplied with air from a blower. As applied to a pulverized fuel furnace, the ducts 11 are blower-fed and are horizontal, the inner walls being pierced to allow warm air from the ducts to pass into the furnace.
Patent GB-948528-A (GB)
Title: Polymerization process
IPC: C07F9/08
Filed: 1961-10-02
Abstract: 948,528. Linear cyclic phosphorus containing polymers. SHELL RESEARCH Ltd. Oct. 2, 1961 [Oct. 4, 1960], No. 35536/61. Addition to 903,701. Heading C3P. [Also in Division C5] An oil-soluble linear cyclic phosphorus containing polymeric compound is prepared by polymerising a dialkenyl phosphorus-containing compound having at least one P-C linkage with or without a mono-olefinically unsaturated compound containing no phosphorus in the presence of an azo or oxygen-yielding catalyst at 50 to 175‹C. using a chloro-orgainic solvent. A list of phosphorus-containing monomers includes dialkyl ethyl phosphonate, alkyl methalkyl phenyl phosphonate, alkyl lauryl prop-2-enyl phosphonate, diallyl phosphinic acid methylallyl methallyl phosphinate, diallyl benzyl phosphine oxide and dimethallyl isopropyl phosphineoxide. The non- phosphorus monomer may comprise acrylic and alpha-substituted acrylic acids, their esters, nitriles and amides, vinyl esters of organic acids, vinyl ethers, ketones and aryl compounds and the corresponding allyl compounds, alpha-betaunsaturated polycarboxylic acids, esters, amides and nitriles, alpha-olefines and the vinyl pyridines and lactams. Preferred copolymers are those of dialkenyl-substituted phosphorus compounds with a higher alkyl ester of an acrylic or methacrylic acid e.g., lauryl methacrylate which may also contain small proportions of lower esters e.g. methyl methacrylate. Specified solvents are dichloroethyl ether, dichloropropyl ether, dichlorobutyl ether, preferably beta beta<SP>1-</SP> dichloroethyl ether, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, dichlorobutane, mono or dichlorobenzene and chlorotoluene. Specified catalysts are alpha - alpha<SP>1</SP> - azo - diisobutyronitrile, diethyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide di-t-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dimethyl thienyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide and urea peroxide. The products are used as lubricating oil improvers.
Patent GB-1438326-A (GB)
Title: Milling cutting tools
IPC: C01F5/04
Filed: 1973-07-26
Abstract: 1438326 Milling cutters GORHAMTOOL CO 26 July 1973 [27 July 1972] 35565/73 Heading B3K A milling cutter comprises a body formed with a plurality of spiral flutes which form a like plurality of cutting teeth, said teeth having a plurality of stepped serrations a-f around the outer periphery thereof forming a helix around the cutter and of the same hand as the spiral flutes, each serration forming a cutting edge on the teeth which is inclined to the axis of the cutter and extends to a crest 34 of a shoulder 30, each of said shoulders being more steeply inclined relative to the said axis than the adjacent cutting edge; the cutting edges being radially inwardly relieved and the shoulders being radially and axially relieved, the serrations imparting to the teeth a sawtooth configuration. The serrations are applied to an end mill and a slab mill (Figs. 8 and 9, not shown). The surface of the helix which provides the serrations is inclined to the axis of the cutter at an angle in the range of 5 to 10 degrees.
Patent GB-986161-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to asbestos filled vinyl resin composition
IPC: C08K7/12
Filed: 1962-09-18
Abstract: Compositions comprise (1) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride-containing resin at least 50% by weight of which is vinyl chloride, (2) 10 to 100 parts by weight of a plasticizer for the resin, (3) 20 to 300 parts by weight of iron-containing asbestos and (4) 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of dicyandiamide.  The resin may be polyvinyl chloride or a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. Specified plasticizers are dioctyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, glycol dibenzoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate and epoxidized soya bean oil.  The compositions may also contain pigments and fillers, e.g. titanium dioxide, talc and calcium carbonate, and may be formed into floor tiles.  Examples describe compositions comprising (3) polyvinyl chloride and (3) and (4) vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers together with dioctyl phthalate, asbestos, dicyandiamide, titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate.
Patent GB-1498747-A (GB)
Title: Typewriters
IPC: B41J5/26
Filed: 1975-08-28
Abstract: 1498747 Selective printing SCM CORP 28 Aug 1975 [30 Aug 1974] 35588/75 Heading B6F The touch of keylevers 14, 15, 16, 17 can be switched from being different for each row of the keyboard to being constant over the whole keyboard by moving a control 72 so that a bail 50 is rocked and its projections 55, 56, 57 respectively engage the keylever return springs 36, 38, 40. Locking member 70 holds the control 72 in either of its selected positions.
Patent GB-364277-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of non-splintering compound transparent sheets
IPC: B32B17/10
Filed: 1930-11-27
Abstract: 364,277. Compound transparent sheets. NYE, J. A. and STAINER, W. W., Air Ministry, Adastral House, Kingsway, London. Nov. 27, 1930, No. 35694. [Class 140.] A non-splintering compound transparent sheet is constructed from thin sheet glass, e.g. 0À01 of an inch thick, cemented to one or both sides of a slightly thicker sheet of celluloid &c., the thickness of the glass being such that it can be bent to a small radius of curvature, e.g. 4 in., before or during manufacture. Instead of forming a curved compound sheet by bending from the flat, the thin sheet of glass may be softened and curved before being secured to a curved sheet of celluloid. Alternatively, thin strips of glass may be secured side by side on one or both sides of a curved sheet of celluloid &c. In another construction, a second flat or curved sheet of glass may be employed, the sheet being thicker than the first and thicker or thinner than the celluloid sheet. The material may be used for the construction of one-piece goggles or vizors for helmets of airmen &c.
Patent GB-160155-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for pulverising and feeding fuel to furnaces
IPC: F23K1/00
Filed: 1920-12-20
Abstract: 160,155. Soc. d' Utilisation des Combustibles PulvÚrisÚs. March 12, 1920, [Convention date]. Fuel, feeding.-Apparatus for powdering fuel and injecting it into a furnace comprises a feeding-hopper 11 from which the fuel is delivered into a chamber provided with rotary beaters 2 mounted on a shaft 1. The fuel with air which enters the chamber through an opening controlled by a damper 10 passes into the casing of a fan 9 provided with two sets of vanes divided by a central partition. The vanes on one side deliver the fuel and air mixture, while those on the other side deliver air admitted through a dampercontrolled opening in the fan casing.
Patent GB-1383046-A (GB)
Title: Clamp silo unloading machines
IPC: A01F25/20
Filed: 1972-08-01
Abstract: 1383046 Cutting and handling foodstocks RUSTON'S ENG CO Ltd 16 July 1973 [1 Aug 1972] 35774/72 Heading A4C [Also in Division B8] In a machine for unloading clamp silos, having rotatable cutting head arranged for vertical movement, and means for conveying material cut by the head from a silage stack to a container for the cut material, the cutting head is in the form of a rotatable shaft or drum 6 having a cutting blade 12 or 13 at each end thereof and chain flails 16 spaced along the shaft or drum 6 between the cutting blades. As shown, two main frame members 1, 2 of the machine are mounted on a tractor. A transverse member 3 vertically movable along the main frame members 1, 2 by hydraulic cylinders (not shown) connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor. Transverse member 3 carries support arms 4, 5 in which the shaft or drum 6 is journalled, shaft 6 having a central gear driven by a chain 7 engaging a sprocket 8, which is connected to a sprocket 9 engaged by a chain 10, which is driven by the tracter power take-off and extends upward sufficiently to be engaged by pinion 9 at any height necessary. A chain guard 11 protects chain 7 and may assist in the mounting of shaft 6. The discs 12, 13 each carry replaceable knives 14. Shaft 6 has lugs 15, arranged helically, for the attachment of chain flails 16, each with a solid weight at its end. A feed auger 17, rotatable in a frame 18 mounted on frame members 1, 2, has two inwardly directed flights 19, 20, so that as it is continuously rotated material is fed towards paddles 21 which eject it through an opening 22, which communicates with a blower which transfers the material to a container or carrier.
Patent GB-1282308-A (GB)
Title: New thiadiazolyl-ureas, their production and composition containing same
IPC: C07D285/135
Filed: 1969-07-16
Abstract: 1282308 Herbicides containing Thiadiazolyl-ureas AGRIPAT SA 16 July 1969 [17 July 1968] 35803/69 Heading A5E [Also in Division C2] Herbicidal compositions comprise a thiadiazole urea derivative of formula wherein R 1  represents an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having at most 6 carbon atoms, optionally being substituted by halogen, a lower alkoxy or lower alkylthio radical having at most 10 carbon atoms, R 2  represents hydrogen, a lower aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having at most 6 carbon atoms, R 3  represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having at most 6 carbon atoms, R 4  represents an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, optionally being substituted by halogen, or a lower alkoxy or lower alkylthio radical having at most 10 carbon atoms and a carrier or diluent and optionally a dispersing agent and/ or a further herbicide extensive lists of which are given which fall within the following classes of compounds:- s-triazines, halogendiamino-s-triazines, alkoxy-and alkylthiodiamino-s-triazines, triazoles, diazines, uracils, aliphatic carboxylic acids, halogenated benzoic acids, phenyl acetic acids, aryloxyalkane carboxylic acids, hydrazides, amides, nitriles and esters of the said carboxylic acids, carbamic acid esters, thiocarbamic acid esters and ureas.
Patent GB-349542-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to circuit arrangements for detection and low-frequency amplification
IPC: H03J3/12
Filed: 1929-11-22
Abstract: 349,542. Valve detecting and amplifying circuits. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP SPLENDOR GLOEILAMPENFABRIEK, Nijmegen, Holland. Nov. 22, 1929, No. 35874. Convention date, Sept. 30. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. [Class 40 (v).] A circuit arrangement for detection and low frequency amplification comprises a screen-grid valve, the plate circuit of which includes a high impedance choke. The Figure shows a three-valve circuit, in which the plate circuit of the screen-grid detector D includes an iron-cored choke 7 shunted by a condenser 8 and connected in series with a resistance 9, shunted by a condenser 10. The plate of D is coupled to the grid of the amplifier LF through condenser 11 and resistance 15, a choke coil 12 and resistance 13 being included in the grid circuit of valve LF. The arrangement combines efficient detection and high amplification.
Patent GB-177251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the filling or stuffing of mattresses, pillows, cushions, seats and backings of upholstery and the like
IPC: A47C31/02
Filed: 1920-12-22
Abstract: 177,251. King, F. H. Dec. 22, 1920. Mattresses; stuffing-materials. - Mattresses pillows, cushions, &c. are stuffed with blocks or pieces of rubber sponge, each block or piece being enclosed in a separate case, a number of such encased pieces constituting the filling of an outer case. Or a case may be provided with pockets or compartments, each for the reception of an encased rubber sponge block, a number of such packed cases forming the filling of an outer case.
Patent GB-326188-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical signalling apparatus for railways
IPC: B61L23/24
Filed: 1928-12-06
Abstract: 326,188. Wilson, M. Dec. 6, 1928. Staff, tablet, and ticket systems.-A local token or other signal circuit is completed by two relay armatures in a control circuit, one being first attracted by a strong current and then retracted upon the attraction of the other by a weak current. The armatures may form part of the same or separate relays and their action may depend upon the adjustment of their range of movement, their gaps, or their unbalanced weight. The current may be varied by the use of different batteries or resistances. In Fig. 1, the local circuit 2 includes the armatures 3, 4 with weights 3<a> 4<a>, a strong current breaking the circuit at 2<a> and a weak current by releasing the armature 3 making the circuit at 2a and 2b. In Fig. 4, the relay has a plain armature 3, and a polarized armature 4 attracted by a weak current to engage either contact 2x. In the main circuit 1, two separate keys may be used, or one key may engage separate contacts to provide the different current strengths.
Patent GB-1426371-A (GB)
Title: Colometric analyzer
IPC: G01N27/42
Filed: 1973-07-30
Abstract: 1426371 Electro-chemical analysis DOW CHEMICAL CO 30 July 1973 36073/73 Heading G1N In the coulometric measurement of chlorine or bromine in a gaseous mixture using a cell comprising anode, cathode and reference electrodes each mounted in a separate chamber, the reference electrode-cathode potential to achieve zero current flow between the anode and cathode in the absence of chlorine or bromine in the cathode chamber is compared with the reference electrodecathode potential occuring with chlorine or bromine present, the difference signal is used to control the anode cathode potential to maintain the cathode potential at its original value, and the current and charge required to reduce the chlorine or bromine in the mixture is measured. Cell construction Fig. 1  Body part 10 is provided with three axially parallel bores 12, 14, 16 connected together by bores 24, 26 to enable electrolyte 48 to flow from source 34 through bore 28 into chambers 12, 14, 16 to fill them to a common level, overflow 38 being provided to keep the level constant. Calomel reference electrode 46 and platinum wire anode 52 extend downwards into the electrolyte 48 in chambers 12, 16 and platinum gauze cathode 84 extends upwards through electrolyte 48 in chamber 14 so that the electrolyte forms a thin film by capillary action over the unimmersed upper area of the cathode. Bore 58 extending through body 10 from front to back intersects cathode chamber 14 and is connected to a container, pipe or stack of the gas to be measured. A piston  arrangement, Figs. 2, 3 (not shown) is positioned in bore 58 to draw a predetermined volume of gas into the cathode chamber 14 where the chlorine or bromine is reduced at the cathode 84. Circuitry Fig. 5 Potentiometer 115 and resistors 114, 117 are first adjusted so that in the absence of chlorine or bromine in the cathode chamber the cathode 118 reference 104 electrode potential is such that there is no current flow between the anode and cathode. A measured amount of gas is then admitted to the cathode chamber and the resultant rise in cathode-reference potential applied to input 116 of differential amplifier 112 is compared with the original cathode-reference potential at input 110. The difference in potential is applied to transistor 120 which acts as a variable resistance between battery 124 and anode 122 to adjust the anode-cathode potential to restore the original cathode reference potential. The current flowing in battery 124 and meter 126 is integrated at 132 and 134 and measured at 136.
Patent GB-1191471-A (GB)
Title: Integral Hydrocracking-Hydrotreating Process
Inventor: WOOD FREDERICK C
IPC: C10G65/12
Filed: 1967-08-07
Abstract: 1,191,471. Hydrofining; hydrocracking. UNION OIL CO. OF CALIFORNIA. 7 Aug., 1967, No. 36222/67. Heading C5E. In a catalytic hydrocracking process wherein a distillate hydrocarbon feedstock in admixture with hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide is contacted with an active hydrocracking catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal hydrogenating component supported on a solid refractory cracking base having a cracking activity greater than that corresponding to a Cat-A cracking activity index of 40, said contacting being carried out at elevated temperatures and pressures between 400 and 3000 p.s.i.g., to give a substantial conversion to lower boiling hydrocarbons, and wherein said lower boiling hydrocarbons normally contain mercaptans synthesized during said hydrocracking, the total sulphur-containing effluent from said hydrocracking is passed at substantially hydrocracking temperatures and pressures through a bed of a Group VIA and/or Group VIII metal, metal oxide or metal sulphide hydrotreating catalyst supported on an adsorbent carrier having a Cat-A cracking activity index below 20, at a liquid hourly space velocity between 8 and 40, and a doctor-sweet low-boiling hydrocarbon product is recovered. The hydrocracking may be preceded by a hydrofining over a catalyst comprising a Group VIA and/or Group VIII metal oxide or metal sulphide supported on an adsorbent carrier having a Cat-A cracking activity index below 20. Suitable hydrofining catalysts include cobalt or nickel oxide or sulphide mixed with molybdenum or tungsten oxide or sulphide supported on alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, bauxite or bentonite. The preferred carrier is silica-alumina. Suitable hydrocracking catalysts include the oxide or sulphide of cobalt or nickel or the free metal, or platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium supported on silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, silica - zirconia, alumina - boria, silica - titania, silica - zirconia - titania, a clay, aluminium phosphate, or a molecular sieve. When a molecular sieve is used it may be in the hydrogen form or it may be ion-exchanged with zinc, an alkaline earth metal, or a rare earth metal. Suitable hydrotreating catalysts for the final stage include molybdenum sulphide or tungsten sulphide with or without cobalt sulphide and/or nickel sulphide supported on alumina, silica, zirconia, titania, or a clay, or metals such as nickel, platinum or palladium supported on alumina. This catalyst is preferably presulphided. In examples, a gas oil is hydrofined, hydrocracked and hydrotreated to produce a gasoline.