Patent GB-624869-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to process for hydrogenating carbon oxides
IPC: C07C1/04
Filed: 1946-07-22
Abstract: <PICT:0624869/III/1> <PICT:0624869/III/2> A process for hydrogenating a carbon oxide comprises passing a stream of reducing gas upwards through a finely-divided material containing a catalytic hydrogenating metal in an oxidized condition, at a velocity effective to suspend said material in a fluidized pseudo-liquid condition for a sufficient time and at a temperature effective to cause substantial reduction, said catalyst then being fluidized in a stream of reaction gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxide at a temperature effecting reaction.  An inert gas may be used for initial fluidizing, then being replaced by hydrogen, or hydrogen may be used first at low temperature which is slowly raised.  Other reducing gases may be used, e.g. carbon monoxide, methane, ethanol, methanol or formaldehyde, together with inert gases such as nitrogen and methane. The reducing temperature is usually higher than that of the hydrogenating reaction, e.g. 550-850 DEG  and 350-450 DEG  F. respectively with a cobalt catalyst.  De-activated catalyst may be treated in fluidized form with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen or steam prior to the reducing treatment.  The various treatments may be effected in the synthesis reaction vessel or separate vessels may be used when continuous or intermittent transfer of material is possible.  Reactor 1 of 2-inch steel pipe is fitted with inlet 3, conduit 5, manifold 6, conduits 7, 8 containing filters 9, 10 and exit pipes 13, 14.  A jacket 15 contains liquid boiling at the desired temperature.  Filters 9, 10 are employed alternatively and subjected to a back pressure to dislodge catalyst.  For continuous operation a reactor 20, Fig. 2, reduction and oxidation chambers 21, 22 are connected by means comprising standpipes 33, 37, 47, 51 through which catalyst deflected by baffle means 32, 36, 46, 50 is withdrawn, kept in fluidized condition by introducing gas, and introduced into lines 29, 25, 44 through which hydrogenating gas, reactant gases, and oxidizing gas are fed to the respective chambers to maintain catalyst in fluidized form.  Temperature control means 24, 28 may be provided, and lines 40, 55 for recycling hydrogenating and oxidizing gases.  Lines 42 or 43 may be provided for transfer of exit reducing gases to reactor 20, the combined exit gases being treated to remove catalyst.  Examples describe the preparation of catalysts containing cobalt and "Super-Filtrol" (Registered Trade Mark) with or without magnesium, and iron, alumina and potassium oxide, and their use in hydrocarbon synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.ALSO:<PICT:0624869/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0624869/IV (b)/2> A process for hydrogenating a carbon oxide comprises passing a stream of reducing gas upwards through a finely - divided material containing a catalytic hydrogenating metal in an oxidized condition, at a velocity effective to suspend said material in a fluidized pseudo-liquid condition for a sufficient time and at a temperature effective to cause substantial reduction, said catalyst then being fluidized in a stream of reaction gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxide at a temperature effecting reaction.  Less inert gas may be used for initial fluidizing, then being replaced by hydrogen, or hydrogen may be used first at low temperature which is slowly raised. Other reducing gases may be used, e.g. carbon monoxide, methane, ethanol, methanol or formaldehyde, together with inert gases such as nitrogen and methene.  The reducing temperature is usually higher than that of the hydrogenating reaction, e.g. 550-850 and 350-450 DEG F. respectively with a cobalt catalyst.  Deactivated catalyst may be treated in fluidized form with an oxidizing gas such as oxygen or steam, prior to the reducing treatment.  The various treatments may be effected in the synthesis reaction vessel or separate vessels may be used when continuous or intermittent transfer of material is possible.  Reactor 1 of 2 inch steel pipe is fitted with inlet 3, conduit 5, manifold 6, conduits 7, 8 containing filters 9, 10, and exit pipes 13, 14.  A jacket 15 contains liquid boiling at the desired temperature.  Filters 9, 10 are employed alternatively and subjected to a back pressure to dislodge catalyst.  For continuous operation a reactor 20, Fig. 2, reduction and oxidation chambers 21, 22 are connected by means comprising standpipes 33, 37, 47, 51, through which catalyst deflected by baffle means 32, 36, 46, 50 is withdrawn, kept in fluidized condition by introducing gas, and introduced into lines 29, 25, 44 through which hydrogenating gas, reactant gases, and oxidizing gas are fed to the respective chambers to maintain catalyst in fluidized form.  Temperature control means 24, 28 may be provided, and lines 40, 55 for recycling hydrogenating and oxidizing gases.  Lines 42 or 43 may be provided for transfer of exit reducing gases to reactor 20, the combined exit gases being treated to remove catalyst.  Examples describe the preparation of catalysts containing cobalt and " Super-Filtrol " (R.T.M.) with or without magnesia, and iron, alumina, and potassium oxide, and their use in hydrocarbon synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.