Patent GB-672666-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to radio locating equipment
IPC: H03K17/54
Filed: 1947-07-21
Abstract: 672,666. Radiolocation; valve circuits. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. July 21, 1947 [Jan. 23, 1943], No. 19481/47. Classes 40 (v), 40 (vi) and 40 (vii). In a pulse radar system a coaxial-line oscillator of the type disclosed in Specification 582,222 functions as a transmitting oscillator during radiation of pulses and as a linear-made superregenerative receiver during the intervals between pulse transmission. For transmission the oscillator is triggered by a pulse 6, Fig. 2, of sufficient width to allow the oscillations to build up to maximum amplitude 20 and during a reception period it is triggered by a pulse 7 which is so narrow that the oscillations only build up to a small amplitude 21 before being cut off at the termination of the pulse but when an RF " priming " voltage is injected into the oscillator coincidental with the pulse 7 the build-up rate is increased, producing pulses of larger amplitude 22. In operation, echo signals constitute the." priming " voltage and the phase of the trigger pulse 7 is adjusted to coincide with an echo, the resultant large amplitude pulse 22 being detected and applied to a type A cathode-ray tube display synchronized by the transmitting trigger pulse 6. In order to test the oscillator the " priming " voltage may be supplied by a pulsed or C.W. auxiliary oscillator radiation-coupled to the main oscillator. The trigger pulses are generated as shown in Fig. 4 by applying an alternating voltage, preferably of peaky waveform 27a, from a source 5 to trigger a cathode-coupled flip-flop 24 producing a negative waveform 34 which is differentiated by the C.R. network 35, 36 to give a more peaky negative waveform 37 which cuts off the normally conductive valve 40 and produces a positive pulse 47 across the inductive anode lead 42 which renders the heavily biased valve 46 conductive, the peak of pulse 47 being limited by grid current and the trailing-edge transient being rapidly damped by the current flow through valve 40 when that valve becomes conductive again. The width of pulse 47 is a function of the inductance 42, the negative bias on grid 45 and the amplitude of pulse 37 and is adjusted by varying the latter by means of the potentiometer 36, 38. Valve 46 also has an inductive anode load 53 which develops a negative pulse 50 which is applied to the positively biased cathode 65 of the grounded-grid coaxial-line oscillator to render it operative. The oscillator differs from that disclosed in Specification 582,222 in that a metal ring 54a is slidably mounted on the anodeconnecting rod 66 the ring being insulated from the anode-coupled cylinder 54 by an insulating ring 54b and being adjustable to provide a #/4 length of line which offers a high impedance to the outward flow of RF energy along rod 66. The common transmitting and receiving aerial (not shown) is coupled by a loop 82 to the anode-grid cavity which is also coupled to the diode detector 90 by a loop 86. The pulses 6 and 7 may be generated by separate circuits of the type shown in Fig. 4, a phase shifter being inserted between the source 5 and the circuit producing pulse 7 or alternatively the valves 40 and 46 could be common to both circuits; in order to provide a simultaneous indication of echoes from targets at different ranges a plurality of circuits producing differently phased pulses 7 may be employed. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, states that the trigger pulses 7 may be of smaller amplitude than the transmitter modulating pulses 6. It also describes a system, Fig. 6 (Cancelled), employing a common aerial 122 and separate transmitting and receiving valve circuits 118, 119 functioning respectively as transmitting oscillator and super-regenerative receiver. The two circuits 118, 119 comprise coaxial-line valves 123, 124 with their cathodes 125, 126 coupled by condensers 127, 128 to outer metal cylinders 129, 130, their grids 131, 132 connected to coaxial inner metal cylinders 133, 134 and their anodes 135, 136 connected by sliding contacts 137, 138 to axially movable metal rods 139, 140 which are fixed to tuning discs 141, 142 having flanges 143, 144 capacity-coupled to cylinders 129, 130. The tuning of the two circuits may be gauged by mechanically coupling the rods 139, 140, Fig. 10 (Cancelled), (not shown). The transmitting oscillator 118 is excited by applying positive pulses 146 from the pulses 145 to the anode 135 and the resultant oscillations are coupled to the aerial by the loop 148 and transmission line 120. The receiver includes a grid leak 149 and the grid is directly coupled to the aerial by the transmission lined 121 the length of line between the grid and junction T being (2n+1)#/4. During transmission the receiver valve 124 saturates thus forming an effective short circuit at the receiver end of transmission line 121 which presents a high impedance at the junction T so that most of the transmitted pulse is fed to the aerial. The length of transmission line 120 is such that during reception periods a high impedance is presentented at the junction T by the transmitter oscillator 118 so that most of the received signal is fed to the receiver. A sinusoidal quench voltage having a period less than the duration of the transmitted pulse is applied from oscillator 150 to the anode 136 of the receiver 119 the amplitude of the quench voltage being such that in the absense of echo signals feeble bursts of oscillations 151 are produced during the positive peaks of the voltage but during the reception of echo signals the oscillations build up to a larger amplitude 152. The resultant oscillations are coupled by line 154 to a coaxial-line diode rectifier 156 and the resultant D.C. pulses 164, 165 are amplified and integrated at 163 giving pulses 166, 167 which are applied to a display circuit 168 synchronized with the pulses 145. The diode 156 comprises a cathode 157 capacity-coupled at 158 to an outer metal cylinder 159 and an anode 160 connected to a concentric metal rod 161, the anode-cathode cavity being tuned by a slidable metal ring 162. In a modification, Figs. 8 and 9 (Cancelled), (not shown), the diode 156 is replaced by a crystal rectifier. A pulsed coaxial-line transmitting oscillator is also described, Fig. 5 (Cancelled), (not shown), in which the rate of oscillation build up is increased by coupling in the output from a synchronously pulsed low-power auxiliary oscillator as a " priming " voltage, .the auxiliary oscillator having a rapid build up. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.