Patent ES-299902-A1 (ES)
Title: Ultra-violet radiation absorption analysis apparatus for the detection of mercury vapor in a gas
IPC: G01N21/33
Filed: 1964-05-16
Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the amount of mercury vapour in air, particularly suitable for measuring the low concentrations met with in prospecting, makes use of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation in the 2537 band by mercury vapour. To avoid errors a two path system having a single source and a single photo-electric detector is used with the test sample path and a reference path effective alternately. In the described embodiment the ultra-violet source consists of a low pressure mercury lamp tube energized by an exterior electrode 9 fed with high frequency current from an oscillator 10 coupled to a stabilized power supply 12. Radiation from the source is admitted into tube 2 by lens 14 and after reflection by mirror 16 is brought to a focus at slit 18 in mask 20. Light passing through the slit is reflected by mirror 22 to half lens 24 and thence to photo-multiplier 26. A second tube 4 similar to tube 2 and containing identical optical elements 28, 30, 32, 36 and 38 is also positioned to receive radiation from the source and to direct it finally to the same sensitive area of the photo-multiplier 26. A disc 50 with a plurality of radial slots is driven by motor 48 to render the optical paths through the two tubes effective alternately. The output of the photomultiplier feeds pre-amplifier 54, noise expression filter 56, amplifier 58 and synchronous rectifier 60. The latter is fed with a reference waveform through phase-shifter 64 from photo-cell 62 viewing the source 9 through the slots in disc 50. The rectifier output feeds recorder 68 through low pass filter 66. A flow of air is drawn through the tubes 2 and 4 by pump 106 from a common inlet. The air flowing through tube 2 is passed through filter 82 containing glass or nickel wool coated with gold or some other element capable of selectively absorbing mercury so that the air is the same as that flowing through chamber 4 except that the mercury vapour present has been removed. The air flow to chamber 4 passes through a dummy filter 94 and this and valves 80 and 93 are used to maintain equal flow rates through the two chambers. The chambers may be series connected with the filter 82 between them but this can result in inaccuracies. The system may be flown in an aircraft, or transported on land with the air input open to the atmosphere, but for detailed investigation of a region shallow holes such as 77 are dug. A cover 70 is placed over a hole and air only allowed to flow in through a filter 71 similar to filter 82, the air drawn out through pipe 74 being then investigated. Samples obtained by drawing gas over a heated absorber through which a volume of air to be tested has previously been drawn may also be investigated. Lenses 14 and 28 are not achromatic and have their central regions masked so that the slits 18 and 32 act to select radiation of near the required wavelength and the optical systems operate to some extent as monochromators. If the mercury lamp source was replaced by a broad-band source such as a flame a monochromator of a more effective type would be required. Arrangements for setting up and calibrating the apparatus are described.