Patent GB-1024565-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in systems for determining the elevation of azimuth of a body
IPC: G01S1/62
Filed: 1963-01-15
Abstract: 1,024,565. Phase modulation position finding. CSF-COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE TELEGRAPHIE SANS FIL. Jan. 15, 1963 [Jan. 16, 1962], No. 1861/63. Heading H4D. In a system for allowing a moving body to determine its angular co-ordinate with respect to a frame of reference, a transmitter at the origin of the frame of reference comprises means for scanning a space position according to said angular co-ordinate with a beam which is generated by means of a carrier wave; and means for modulating said carrier wave with n sub-carrier waves, where n is an integer greater than two, said n sub-carrier waves having respective frequencies which are different multiples of a basic frequency, one of said n sub-carrier waves remaining unmodulated to serve as a phase reference, and the other (n - 1) of said n sub-carrier waves being phase modulated according to different functions of an angle valve defining the instantaneous position of said beam according to said angular coordinate; while, a receiver, located aboard the body, comprises: means for receiving said modulated carrier wave while the body is swept by said beam; means for demodulating said received carrier wave to obtain the n subcarrier waves; means for deriving from said n intermittently received sub-carrier waves, n continuous waves having a common frequency and respective phases depending upon those of the associated sub-carrier waves; and means for measuring the phase shifts between that one of said continuous waves which is associated with said one sub-carrier wave, and each of the (n - 1) others of said n continuous waves. When the n sub-carrier waves are amplitude modulated on to the carrier the transmitter, which in the embodiment particularly described is at the end of a runway providing a beam scanning in elevation, may comprise (Fig. 1, not shown) a 10 kc/s. quartz controlled oscillator 101 feeding three frequency multipliers 102 ( x 6), 103 ( x 8) and 104 ( x 9), which deliver sub-carrier waves having phases given by 6 #t, 8 #t and 9 #t respectively, where #t=2.10<SP>4</SP> #t. The 6 #t wave is passed directly to a mixer 109, whilst the 8 #t and 9 #t waves are respectively passed to phase modulators 105 and 106 where they are phase modulated according to a function S of the elevation of the scanning beam, such that at the outputs of the modulators the two waves have phases given by:- 8#t+p where p= 2#/9 S/45 and     9#t+p<SP>1</SP> where p<SP>1</SP> = 20#/8 S/45. 8 45 The two modulated waves are then passed to the mixer 109 where they are added to the 6 #t wave with equal amplitudes to provide a signal for amplitude modulating a 4000 Mc/s. carrier wave in a modulator 110. In the moving body (in the present case, an aircraft) the beam is received as it sweeps past the aircraft, and the modulated carrier wave, after being converted to an I.F. signal and amplified, is amplitude detected in detector 5 (Fig. 2) to produce a signal comprising the three subcarrier waves and having the envelope given in Fig. 3(a), not shown (L 1  and L 2  being due to side lobes in the antenna polar diagram). The sub-carrier signal is passed via an A.G.C. amplifier 6 to a normally blocked amplifier 8. The A.G.C. detector 6a passes the upper half of the sub-carrier signal envelope to a threshold device 6b, which only passes that section m of the envelope having an amplitude above a predetermined limit. The passed section is further squared off in clipper 7 to produce a square pulse (Fig. 3b) which is used to unblock the amplifier 8 to pass the section m of the subcarrier signal to three band pass filters 9 (60 kc/s.), 10 (80 kc/s.) and 11 (90 kc/s.) where the three sub-carrier waves are separated out. The filter outputs are passed to three phase discriminators 18, 19 and 20, respectively, together with signals of the same frequency from oscillators 12, 13 and 14. The signals from the oscillators pass through gates 15, 16 and 17, spanned by the pulse from clipper 7, whilst the phases of the signals from the oscillators are controlled by the output of the respective discriminators. The oscillators 12, 13 and 14 are thus locked in phase with the respective sub-carrier wave. The outputs from the oscillators 12, 13 and 14 are respectively passed to three frequency multipliers 21 ( x 12), 22 ( x 9) and 23 ( x 8), to produce signals of phase 72#t, 72#t+9p and 72#t+8p<SP>1</SP> respectively. The basic frequency of the three signals is then reduced to 10 kc/s. in mixers 24, 25 and 26 by means of a 710 kc/s. signal from oscillator 27. The output from mixer 25, having a phase of 9p with respect to the signal from mixer 24 is passed through a goniometer phase shifter 30, turned by a motor controlled by the output signal from a phase discriminator 28 to which the outputs from the mixer 24 and phase shifter 30 are passed for phase comparison. An indicator 32 fixed to the shaft of the motor 31 thus indicates the value of p and of the angle of elevation S, the arrangement being such that the motor rotates through 360 degrees for a change of 45 degrees in S. This thus produces a coarse but unambiguous reading. A fine but ambiguous reading of S is similarly produced on indicator 35 by means of motor 34, phase shifter 33 and discriminator 29, the outputs of mixers 24 and 26 being compared. If the subcarriers are frequency modulated on to the carrier at the transmitter, then detector 5 is replaced by a frequency demodulator (Fig. 4, not shown). For elevation scanning the beam may be in the form of an inverted vertical hollow cone whose apex angle is varied, vertical planes intersecting along the cone's axis limiting the azimuthal extent of the beam, or in the form of a wedge beam having a plane axial surface inclined to the horizontal and also limited in azimuth by two intersecting vertical planes passing through the beam's origon. For azimuth scanning a vertically extending beam may be used. In all cases the cross-section of the beam must be symmetrical about the axis of the beam.