baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-201388417-Y (CN)
Inventor: PING HU
IPC: A01G9/02
Filed: 2009-03-13
Granted: 2010-01-27
Abstract: 本实用新型涉及一种组合自养式花盆，属建筑领域的园林绿化技术。它包括种植层、水分传导介质、可拆卸蓄水层，种植层与水分传导介质组成连体结构，在种植层的下方设置可拆卸蓄水层，水分传导介质浸入可拆卸蓄水层中。由于种植层和水分传导介质为一体并与蓄水层分开的，可使蓄水层的容积加大而不受容器制作工艺的影响；蓄水层连带水分传导介质与种植层分开组合的设计，使蓄水盆便于清洗，便于养殖水生植物，水生物的代谢物均为微生物，微生物是构成土壤肥力因素的重要元素，植物在消化水生物的代谢物的同时又净化了水质，这一设计构成了生物链，是微缩的生态环境。
Patent CN-201390283-Y (CN)
Inventor: JIBANG YU
IPC: B62D5/06
Filed: 2009-03-25
Granted: 2010-01-27
Abstract: 本实用新型涉及轻型卡车动力转向储油壶支架。解决了汽车动力转向储油壶安装结合不牢固，易出现油壶脱落、进回油不畅等问题。本实用新型的J型支撑支架上端内侧固定连接着口字型油壶固定支架，其上部设有一个以上气道固定支架限位孔，其下部设有管孔，管孔处设有螺母；J型支撑支架中部内侧连接着S型气道固定支杆，S型气道固定支杆的一端位于气道固定支架限位孔内，其另一端设有固定螺栓；J型支撑支架中部外侧连接着L型连接支杆。本实用新型有效解决动转储油壶的安装稳固，使支架和油壶以及整车配合的更紧密；其结构简单，安装可靠，避免了油壶与发动机周围运动件的干涉，保证了转向油循环畅通，降低转向噪声，提高驾驶舒适性。
Patent CN-201343401-Y (CN)
Title: 便携式双筒手动绞盘
Inventor: JUDONG ZHANG
IPC: B66D1/04
Filed: 2009-03-03
Granted: 2009-11-11
Abstract: 本实用新型涉及手动牵引和提升装置，是一种便携式双筒手动绞盘，其包括绞盘座、传动机构、绞盘架、卷筒、钢丝绳和活动吊钩；绞盘座上安装有传动机构，传动机构上安装有摇柄；绞盘架包括两个侧板和顶板，两个侧板的上端分别和顶板的两端固定连接在一起；顶板的上端安装有固定吊钩，两个侧板的后侧上部分别通过铰轴铰接在绞盘座上，两个侧板的下部分别通过插销固定连接在绞盘座上；两个侧板的前侧分别有卷筒轴孔，卷筒轴的两端分别通过轴承安装在两个卷筒轴孔内。本实用新型结构合理而紧凑，使用方便，其通过双槽卷筒与传动机构快速的连接与脱离，能够方便的收放钢丝绳并能防止卷筒单侧受力，具有安全、省力、简便、高效的特点。
Patent CN-201410577-Y (CN)
Inventor: PING GAO
IPC: B23B49/00
Filed: 2009-06-16
Granted: 2010-02-24
Abstract: 本实用新型公开了一种钻斜孔找正工具，莫氏锥柄测量杆(1)下端设有一通孔，直角型测量针(6)穿过通孔并能沿莫氏锥柄测量杆(1)径向左右移动，在莫氏锥柄测量杆(1)上设有与直角型测量针(6)对应锁紧的第一锁紧螺钉(5)，在莫氏锥柄测量杆(1)上轴向设有长通孔，在莫氏锥柄测量杆(1)上滑动套装有与所述的长通孔对应的定位套(3)，直角形划针(4)穿过定位套(3)和长通孔与所述的直角型测量针(6)对应，在定位套(3)上设有与所述的直角形划针(4)对应锁紧的第二锁紧螺钉(2)，直角型划针(4)的内直角长边(11)与直角型测量针(6)内直角短边(12)相等。本实用新型是一种使用方便、结构简单且能完全排除斜面工作台角度误差对斜孔位置的影响，精确找准斜孔位置的钻斜孔找正工具。
Patent GE-U20041115-Y (GE)
Title: Protection Device against Footwear Sliding
Inventor: REKHVIASHVILI ROSTOM
IPC: A43C15/00
Filed: 2004-03-04
Abstract: 1. Technical Result Simplification of fixing protection device against sliding to footwear and its removing. 2. Essence A device comprises a plate 1, which has a form of a sole and is made of a material with a fleecy surface. The plackets 2 with fasteners 3 of “sticker” type are fixed on the plate. 3. Field of Application Household items, in particular protecting from footwear sliding on slippery roads during frost.
Patent GE-U20101610-Y (GE)
Title: Method for definition of antihistamine preparation-promethazine (pipolphen)
Inventor: NIZHARADZE NINO
IPC: G01N27/48
Filed: 2008-11-24
Abstract: Promethazine is dissolved in the distilled water, the obtained solution is filtrated. As a background is used water solution 0,15 MliCl and polarography is carried out in a range of potential - 0,5÷2,24v. The qualitative test of promethazine is made at value of potential of half wave E½=-1,78v, and quantitative definition is carried out depending on the height polarographic waves.
Patent PE-20000854-Z (PE)
Title: Cartera porta celular
Inventor: CADENILLAS GALVEZ JULIO CESAR
IPC: A45F5/02
Filed: 1999-11-08
Abstract: QUE COMPRENDE: A) UNA ABERTURA, UBICADA EN LA PARTE DELANTERA SUPERIOR DE DICHA CARTERA, CON LA FINALIDAD DE EMERGER LA ANTENA DE UN TELEFONO CELULAR; B) UNA TAPA Y CIERRE QUE PERMITE ABRIR Y CERRAR CON FACILIDAD DICHA CARTERA; Y C) DOS OJALES, UBICADOS EN LA PARTE POSTERIOR DE DICHA CARTERA, CON EL OBJETO DE SUJETARSE FIRMEMENTE A LA CORREA DEL USUARIO
Patent MD-468-Z (MD)
Title: Pressing machine (variants)
Inventor: NECHIT Ivan
IPC: B28B3/00
Filed: 2011-07-01
Abstract: The invention relates to mechanical engineering, particularly to machines for building materials industry and can be used for briquetting agricultural and industrial products and materials waste.The pressing machine, according to the first variant, comprises a cylindrical body (1) with a pressing chamber (2), made with an upper loading gate and a lower product unloading gate with valves, and equipped with punches (3) oppositely directed to the body (1), set up in guides (4) and joined with connecting rods (5, connected through a lever with drive. The lever is designed as a coaxial force element, embracing from the outside the cylindrical body (1) and equipped with brackets (7) for connection to the drive. The force element is designed as a frame (6). The connecting rods (5) are attached to the frame (6) in its corners, and the inner surface of the frame (6) is conjugated with the outer surface of the body (1).The pressing machine, according to the second variant, contains a force element, made in the form of two frames - upper and lower, the inner surfaces of which are conjugated with the outer surface of the body (1). The upper connecting rod is attached with one end to the upper frame in its corner, and with the other end - to the punch (3). The lower connecting rod is attached with one end to the lower frame, and with the other end - to the punch (3). The connecting rods are connected to the plunger (3) through an axis, and each frame is provided with a drive to perform a swinging movement.
Patent MD-1143-Z (MD)
Title: Installation for producing a blank with alphanumeric code and process for manufacturing a cliché for embossing the alphanumeric code
Inventor: PARAMONOV Anatolii
IPC: G06K3/00
Filed: 2016-10-28
Abstract: The invention relates to the field of information technologies and is intended for identification of material resources, particularly for marking of conductive parts.The installation for producing a blank with alphanumeric code comprises a bath with dielectric fluid, in which are placed a blank and an electrode, connected to an electric pulse generator. The blank is made with a hole or slit on the lateral part for introduction of electrode, and the electrode is made in the form of wire stretched between two coils with the possibility of rewinding. The installation is also provided with a two-coordinate electrode displacement device and a regulator of the gap between the electrode and the blank.The process for manufacturing a cliché for embossing the alphanumeric code comprises the introduction of electrode into the blank, punching therein of a required through contour by continuously rewinding the electrode, and displacement thereof along a path, which is a mirror image of the predetermined alphanumeric code, and use of the produced blank for the manufacture by the electrochemical working method of a cliché for embossing the alphanumeric code.
Patent MD-1507-Z (MD)
Title: Process for corrosion protection of steel in water
Inventor: PARŞUTIN VLADIMIR
IPC: C23F11/18
Filed: 2020-07-17
Abstract: The invention relates to the field of metal protection from corrosion in water and can be used to inhibit corrosion in closed steel pipeline systems.The process for corrosion protection of steel in water comprises the introduction into the corrosive medium of 0.5-1.5 g/L of potassium permanganate KMnO4 and 10-40 ml/L of aqueous extract of greater celandine Chelidonium majus, obtained by water extraction of dry leaves and stems in a mass ratio of 1:(20-30) at a temperature of 75-90°C for 2-3 hours, with subsequent filtration.The technical result of the invention consists in using an environmentally friendly, effective and inexpensive inhibitor, which provides an increase in corrosion resistance of up to 29.6 times.
Patent ES-515420-A0 (ES)
IPC: C08J9/00
Filed: 1982-09-01
Abstract: A method for making closures resembling natural cork for sealing liquid product containers is described. A strand of expandable plastic material is injected into each mold cavity and is permitted to collect in that cavity in randomly oriented groups of coils which expand to fill the cavity and coalesce to create randomly oriented grain lines on the surface of the closure resembling the appearance of natural cork. Also described are methods of molding the closures which preclude the formation of leakage channels on the closure surface and preferred blends of plastic resins and pigment particles used to achieve the cork-like appearance.
Patent ES-529443-A0 (ES)
IPC: B29C65/22
Filed: 1984-02-03
Abstract: A system for heat-sealing thermoplastic conduits involves a thermoplastic sleeve surrounding an electrically conductive heating wire arranged in a coil. A bridging conductor is located adjacent the heating element, but is separated from it by an insulation layer of predetermined thickness. When the sleeve is heated by supplying electric power to the heating element, the entire heating element generates heat during a first phase in which fusion pressure is applied between the sleeve and pipes being connected. The bridging connector is forced into contact with selected coils of the heating element to initiate a second phase. In the second phase, the heat produced in the area of the selected coils is automatically reduced by short circuiting such coils.
Patent ES-548311-A0 (ES)
IPC: C08F283/06
Filed: 1985-10-29
Abstract: A process for the production of a fluid polymer polyol containing (a) greater than 30% by weight polymer and/or (b) a poly(acrylonitrile/styrene) copolymer comprising between 65 and 90% by weight polystyrene is provided. By using a peroxydicarbonate catalyst during the process, products of improved viscosity and filtrability are produced.
Patent ES-548497-A0 (ES)
IPC: C07D313/08
Filed: 1985-11-04
Abstract: 3-amino-2,3-dihydro-1-benzoxepine compounds corresponding to the general Formula I    <IMAGE>  I  wherein R1 and R2 may each be hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or if one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen, the other may also be nitro or trifluoromethyl, R3 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group which optionally may be substituted by hydroxy, lower alnoxy, an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted amino group, and R4 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R3 and R4 together with the nitrogen atom form a 5 or 6 member heterocycle. The compounds exhibit pharmacological, especially antidepressive, activity.
Patent ES-552799-A0 (ES)
IPC: C01B17/80
Filed: 1986-03-07
Abstract: 1. The use of a molybdenum-free chromium-containing alloy consisting of 21 to 35 % by weight chromium, 30 to 70 % by weight iron, 2 to 40 % by weight nickel, 0 to 20 % by weight manganese, an typical accompanying elements, such as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, aluminium, copper, vanadium, titanium, tantalum and niobium, as a material for articles which are resistant to sulfuric acid having a concentration of more than 96 %.
Patent FI-854683-A0 (FI)
Inventor: JANC ROBERT VINCENT
IPC: H03M1/04
Filed: 1985-11-27
Abstract: A sample and hold circuit (10) receives a low level analog input signal and is gated by a clock (18). The output of the sample and hold circuit (10) is summed with a signal from a noise source (22) and the resulting signal coupled to an analog to digital (A/D) converter (24). The noise source (22) presents a bandwidth restricted signal having no substantial energy in the range of frequencies of the desired analog input signal. The clock (18) also drives the A/D convertor (24) which has a plurality of digital output signals (26) which correspond to varying analog signal levels. The resulting signal contains a signal component corresponding to the input signal which is converted into a digital representation by the A/D convertor (24) even though the magnitude of the input signal is less than the threshold sensitivity of the A/D convertor (24).
Patent FI-862242-A0 (FI)
Inventor: HELLSTROM INGEGERD
IPC: G01N33/532
Filed: 1986-05-27
Abstract: The present invention is concerned with two novel monoclonal antibodies which define carbohydrate antigens associated with human non-small cell lung carcinomas («NSCLC») and certain other human carcinomas. The antibodies bind to normal human cells to a much lesser degree than to tumor cells. The antibodies find use in diagnostic methods such as the detection of malignant cells associated with NSCLC and in therapeutic methods. The invention also comprises a method for determining the presence of a malignant condition in the lung of a subject. The method involves examining tissue from the subject for the presence of antigens which are Le<sup>x</sup> or Le<sup>Y</sup> antigen or which have the characteristics of Le<sup>Y</sup> and Le<sup>x</sup>.
Patent FI-870953-A0 (FI)
Inventor: GIBBONS CHARLES E
IPC: B32B27/10
Filed: 1987-03-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved container for citrus juices and other liquids. The container utilizes a paperboard barrier laminate (34, 36, 38, 40) for the containment of essential oils and the prevention of losses of Vitamin C. Also disclosed is a process of making the laminate. The laminate makes use of a layer (40) of a heat-sealable ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer to enhance the barrier properties of the laminate.
Patent FI-874846-A0 (FI)
Inventor: SUNKEL CARLOS
IPC: B01J31/02
Filed: 1987-11-03
Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of general formula (I) <CHEM>  wherein: R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C1 to C8. R' is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl radical of C1 to C12, or a benzyl radical.  n is a number equal to 2 or 3.  X<(-)> is a halogenide anion, such as Cl<(-)>, Br<(-)>, I<(-)>, are used as phase transfer catalysts, in heterogeneous ionic reactions wherein the reagents are in different phase and have different polarity.
Patent FI-882337-A0 (FI)
Inventor: RAUTAKORPI PAAVO
IPC: F26B13/10
Filed: 1988-05-18
Abstract: An apparatus for drying a fibre web (4), wherein the web (4) is dried in at least two successive drying zones between a heated band (1b, 1d) and a cooled band (1a, 1c) moving substantially in parallel with and at equal speed as the web (4), the bands being endless and air-tight and having good thermal conductivity. In order to shorten the apparatus and to save energy, it comprises several drying zones positioned on top of each other in a direction transverse to the surface of the web (4), whereby the web (4) moves in opposite directions in drying zones positioned immediately on top of each other. Further, the endless band (1b, 1c) positioned between two drying zones positioned on top of each other forms one of the drying elements in both drying zones, whereby the same cooling or heating means (8, 9) positioned within the band (1b, 1c) between the rolls (2b, 3b; 2c, 3c) can cool or heat the web sections positioned within the length of both drying zones.
Patent FI-885304-A0 (FI)
Inventor: HANLON ALLAN JAMES
IPC: A22C11/02
Filed: 1988-11-16
Abstract: Packaging system for shirred sticks of sausage casing. The sticks are packaged in plastic sheet material which may form part of a plastic roll, the sheet material 10 being formed with 'U'-shaped depressions 11 having a width of the diameter of the slugs of shirred sausage casing which are to be transported, and having a length which is the length of the slug. A slug 12 is ejected from a shirring machine 13 automatically into a retaining device 14 which is then opened to release the slug and allow it to drop into one of the depressions or troughs 11 in the sheet 10. The sheet is indexed forward to the next depression to allow the next ejected slug or stick to be inserted into the next depression or trough. The sheet may if desired be sealed by a foil layer to control humidity within the package or it may be left open. As illustrated the sheet at this stage is rolled with the open side of the depression facing inwardly. The completed roll may then be bagged in a foil container, and the foil container may have a sealed slot in it through which the slugs may be ejected. The completed roll or magazine of slugs is then transported in its sealed foiled container to a stuffing machine.
Patent FI-891793-A0 (FI)
Inventor: SCHIEL CHRISTIAN
IPC: D21G1/00
Filed: 1989-04-14
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP87/00578 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 5, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 5, 1989 PCT Filed Oct. 7, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/03610 PCT Pub. Date May 19, 1988.A cylinder has a roll shell that rotates around a fixed central axis. A first chamber arranged inside the cylinder is filled with liquid and transfers a supporting hydraulic force from the central axis to the shell. The first chamber is linked by a throttle to a second chamber located as well inside the cylinder, and in which is arranged for example a hermetically closed rubber hose filled with gas, so that the second chamber is at all times only partially filled with liquid. Thus, the volume of liquid contained in the second chamber can rapidly change when there is a change of pressure in the first chamber, so when the shell tends to vibrate, liquid flows back and forth through the throttle, converting wave energy into frictional heat by means of fluid friction, and thereby damping the vibration.
Patent FI-891834-A0 (FI)
Inventor: SKOELD BJOERN-AOKE
IPC: B60N2/28
Filed: 1989-04-18
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/SE88/00411 Sec. 371 Date May 12, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date May 12, 1989 PCT Filed Aug. 12, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/01423 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 23, 1989.A booster seat for juvenile auto passengers, including an invertible booster cushion with a double-sided seating plane member located so that different seating heights are obtained depending on which seating surface of the cushion is disposed facing upward for use. The seat can also include a back rest, the height of which also is adjustable.
Patent FI-905670-A0 (FI)
Inventor: KORHONEN HELGE
IPC: B66B5/22
Filed: 1990-11-15
Abstract: A safety gear designed to be mounted on an elevator car (1) moving along guide rails (7), comprising a frame (4), an area of wedge housings (3d,6d) formed in the frame, and wedges (3,6) placed in the wedge housings on each side of the guide rail (7), said wedges gripping the guide rail when the safety gear is activated, the wedges being so placed relative to each other that the wider end of one wedge (3) points upwards while the wider end of the other wedge (6) points downwards. To allow safety gear action in both upward and downward directions, the safety gear is provided with an activating means (10) connected to and moving both wedges, and an overspeed governor or equivalent for controlling the activating means.
Patent FI-914841-A0 (FI)
Inventor: BOTHE PETER
IPC: B61L23/08
Filed: 1991-10-14
Abstract: Due to the topography of the route, maximum speed indications for the light signals (B, C) directly following counter to the travel direction result for all the speed indications which can be connected to a light signal (D). These speed allocations are stored in tables. The respectively valid table is taken from the speed to be observed at the end of a track section on the basis of the knowledge of the respective route, and from said table the entrance speed into the section corresponding to the exit speed out of the section is taken and used for signalling. <IMAGE>
Patent FI-921801-A0 (FI)
Inventor: ALAJAEAESKI TIMO
IPC: B01D36/04
Filed: 1992-04-23
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FI93/00151 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 13, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 13, 1994 PCT Filed Apr. 8, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/22494 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 11, 1993An apparatus for screening and thickening cellulose pulp keeps cleaner than conventional apparatus. Pulse members in accordance with the prior art are constructed so that when the capacity of the screening apparatus is increased, for example by using greater pressure differences or the cleanliness of the accept is increased by decreasing the size of the perforations or slots, a situation is created in which the screen cylinder tends to clog. The pulse member of the present screening apparatus subjects the screen cylinder or screen surface to a pulse cleaning action so that there is a minimal possibility to allow the pressure effect to "escape" past the area being cleaned. The higher the consistency of the fiber matting is or the worse the screen surface is clogged, the stronger the pulse cleaning of the screen surface.
Patent FI-940034-A0 (FI)
Inventor: LEPPAENEN REIJO
IPC: H04W28/16
Filed: 1994-01-04
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FI95/00003 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 19, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 19, 1996 PCT Filed Jan. 3, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/19095 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 13, 1995A mobile communication system includes base stations, a mobile services switching center, a digital transmission system connecting the base stations to the mobile services switching center, and a network termination of an ISDN base rate access. The digital transmission system has at least one data link connection operating at the rate of the ISDN basic rate access, and digital time division trunk circuits. At least one base station comprises an ISDN basic rate access block for connecting the base station to said data link connection operating at the rate of the ISDN basic rate access. The digital transmission system comprises a switching means positioned between the base station and the mobile services switching center for connecting said ISDN basic rate access block of the base station through the data link connection operating at the rate of the ISDN basic rate access to a digital trunk circuit. The mobile communication system comprises a base station controller between the mobile services switching center and the switching means of the fixed network for controlling the base station. The switching means is arranged to connect said ISDN basic rate access block of the base station through the data link connection operating at the rate of the ISDN basic rate access to the time division trunk circuit leading to the base station controller.
Patent FI-942742-A0 (FI)
Inventor: HABERL WOLF-DIETER
IPC: B65D88/16
Filed: 1994-06-10
Abstract: Described is a transport container (1) made of textile fabric, the container walls (7, 8, 9, 10) being made from at least one strip of fabric (7, 8, 9, 10) and having at least one longitudinal seam (11, 12). The container is characterized in that the single longitudinal seam (21) or the several longitudinal seams (11, 12) are flush-sewn. The flush-sewn seams (11, 12, 21) are preferably produced using chain stitches.
Patent FI-961076-A0 (FI)
Inventor: FALLA DANIEL JAMES
IPC: C08L23/00
Filed: 1996-03-07
Abstract: Batch inclusion packages made from films and film structures are disclosed. The films and film structures have at least one layer of at least one substantially linear ethylene/ alpha -olefin polymer. The batch inclusion packages are useful in wrapping or containing various materials, such as carbon black, titanium dioxide, and rubber compounding ingredients.
Patent FI-971076-A0 (FI)
Inventor: NIELSEN FLEMMING ELMELUND
IPC: A61P25/08
Filed: 1997-03-14
Abstract: [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalinone compounds of general formula (I) wherein R<1> is POX'X" or alkyl substituted with COX' or POX'X", and X' and X" independently are hydroxy or alkoxy, and R<6>, R<7>, R<8> and R<9> independently are hydrogen; alkyl; halogen; NH2; NO2; CN; CF3 SO2NY'Y" or COZ' wherein Z' is NY'Y" or alkyl and Y' and Y" independently are hydrogen or alkyl; triazolyl; imidazolyl or imidazolyl substituted with phenyl or alkyl, are useful in the treatment of indications caused by hyperactivity of the excitatory neurotransmitters.
Patent FI-972389-A0 (FI)
Inventor: STROM ROBERT M
IPC: C07D307/52
Filed: 1997-06-05
Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing ranitidine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Patent AP-9901545-A0 (AP)
Title: Lightning retardant cable.
Inventor: GASQUE SAMUEL N
IPC: H01B9/02
Filed: 1997-02-28
Abstract: There is provided a cable which retards lightning. The cable includes at least one internal conductor which may be a power conductor or a signal conductor. A choke conductor is wound about the internal conductor in the shape of a spiral. If lightning strikes near the cable or a device which is attached to the cable, such as an antenna, the chock conductor presents a high impedance to the current caused by lightning and will prevent the lightning current from flowing down the choke conductor, thus entering the internal conductor, thereby preventing damage to the internal conductor and any associated electronic equipment. Preferably, a shield is also spiraled wound about the internal conductor adjacent to the choke conductor in a direction opposite to the choke conductor, whereby the angle formed by the crossing of the choke conductor and the shield is approximately 90 to block the magnetic field component of the lightning discharge.