Patent GB-934391-A (GB)
Title: Dyeing, printing and/or fluorescent brightening of textile materials
Inventor: LUDSTECK DIETER
IPC: D06L4/671
Filed: 1962-02-22
Abstract: Textile materials are dyed, printed and/or optically brightened, if necessary at elevated temperatures, in the presence of an alkaline agent with dyes or fluorescent brightening agents which have one or more reactive hydrogen atoms preferably attached by way of N, O or S, or which are capable of forming one or more such atoms during the process and with divinyl-sulphone or, preferably, an uncoloured non-fluorescent compound which has two or more -SO2-CH==CH2 groups preferably attached by way of N or O, or that is capable of forming such groups during the process.  The process is applicable to textile materials of natural and regenerated cellulose, natural and synthetic polyamides, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile and its copolymers and polyesters as well as paper, leather, polyvinyl alcohol films and shaped articles of synthetic polyamides.  Suitable alkaline agents are sodium or potassium hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate, diso-dium phosphate and trisodium phosphate. Suitable dyestuffs may be of the reactive as well as the substantive type and may be azo, metal complex, anthraquinone, azomethine, triphenylmethane, oxazine, dioxazine, tetra-zaporphin, acridine, azine, benzoquinone, naph-thoquinone, quinophthalone, indigoid, indo-phenol, indoaniline, indamine, lenco vat ester, naphthalimide, nigrosine, induline, nitroin, troso, oxidation, pyrazolone, polymethine, sulphur, stilbene, diarylenethane, thiazine, thiazole, thioxanthone and xanthene dyes as well as fluorescent brightening agents of the stilbene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzthiazole series.  The preferred groups containing reactive hydrogen are the -SO2-NH2, -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-NH2, -SO2-NH-CH2-CH2-OH and -SO2-NH-CH3 groups. The dyestuffs are preferably water-soluble in which case they may contain sulphonic or carboxylic acid groups or sulphonic acid alkylamide groups. The uncoloured non-flourescent compounds may be of the formula: <FORM:0934391/IV(a)/1> As compounds capable of forming vinylsulphone groups there are compounds having two or more b -chloroethylsulphonyl groups preferably attached by way of nitrogen or their quaternary derivatives with pyridine, quinoline, N-methylimidazole or N-vinylimidazole as well as compounds containing two or more b -hydroxy-ethylsulphonyl groups, preferably attached via nitrogen, which have been esterified with, e.g., sulphoric acid. Fixation may be effected by steaming or dry heating between 40 DEG C. and 150 DEG C. for about 5-10 minutes.  The alkali, dye or fluorescent brightening agent and the polyfunctional compound may be applied simultaneously or in any desired sequence.  The divinyl sulphone or polyfunctional compound is used, advantageously, together with a dispersing agent, in finely divided form or as a solution in a water-miscible solvent such as dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycol ethers, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, formic acid and acetic acid.  Other usual adjuvents and thickeners may also be present.  Examples are given in which a large number of dyestuffs are specified. Specifications 293,358, 520,199, 686,061, 805,548, 811,222, 827,568, 900,764, 908,301, 910,377, 916,532 and 917,764 are referred to.