Patent GB-863815-A (GB)
Title: Improved control systems for variable-speed power transmission mechanisms
IPC: F16H61/70
Filed: 1959-04-03
Abstract: 863,815. Change-speed control. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION. April 3, 1959 [April 25, 1958], No. 11377/59. Class 80 (2). The hydraulic circuit controlling a changespeed gear described in Specification 809,761 is modified by a ratio-establishing pressure-control valve 640, Fig. 7, replacing an hydraulic accumulator and operating to vent a pipe 425, the pressure in which is the same as that in a pipe leading to the ratio-establishing servomotors, to a restricted exhaust 648 during establishment of a newly selected ratio so as to obtain cushioned engagement, the working of the valve being modulated by the pressure in a pipe 90 connected to a torque converter by-pass clutch disengaged during ratio shifts and the valve itself comprising two pistons 641, 644 biased apart by a spring 647. Gearing.-A shaft 1, Fig. 2, drives the impeller of a torque converter 10 having its turbine driving through a shaft 8 to the ring gear 26 of a simple planetary train having planet pinions 31 meshing a sun-gear 34 and mounted by a carrier 32 upon an intermediate shaft 33. The torque converter 10 has two stators 9 carried upon the gear case by one-way detents, and may be filled by supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 100 and emptied by allowing the oil to flow out through a pipe 101. By supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 90, a servomotor 21 is energized to engage a disc clutch 16 which connects the input shaft 1 to the turbine and the shaft 8 of the torque converter, which is accordingly by-passed. A hydrodynamic brake 25 is filled by supplying oil through a pipe 180 to retard rotation of the shaft 8 and is emptied via a pipe 181. By supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 170, a servomotor 39 is energized to engage a clutch 38 which connects the sungear 34 and the planet carrier 32, so that the planetary gear is locked solid for direct drive. If, however, oil under pressure is supplied through a pipe 150 to engage a brake 35, the sun gear 34 is stationed, and a step-down drive from the shaft 8 is'obtained to the intermediate shaft 33. Sun gears 58, 71 of two parallel planetary trains 20, 46 are mounted upon the intermediate shaft 33. By supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 270, a servomotor is energized to apply a brake 72 which stations the ring gear 66 of the train 46, so that a step-down low ratio is obtained from the shaft 33, through planet pinions 67 mounted upon a carrier 68 and meshing the sun-gear 71 and the ring-gear 68, to an output shaft 69. By releasing the brake 72 and instead supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 250 to a servomotor 62 to apply a brake 61, the ring-gear 59 of the gear train 20 is held stationary, so that an intermediate stepdown ratio is obtained from the shaft 33 via planet pinions 57 meshing the sun-gear 58 and the ring-gear 59, the ring-gear 66 which is fast with the planet carrier of the pinions 57, and simultaneously through the sun-gear 71 to the planet pinions 67 and the output shaft 69. By releasing the brake 61 and instead supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 210, a clutch 48 between the intermediate shaft 33 and the planet pinions 57 is engaged, so that the two trains 20, 46 are locked solid and direct drive is obtained to the output shaft 69. The three trains 27, 20, 46 combined give six forward ratios, first and second being obtained by applying the brake 72 to obtain the low ratio through the train 46 and then using the twospeed train 27 to obtain two ratios, third and fourth being obtained by applying the brake 61 and again using the two-speed train 27 to obtain another two ratios, and, similarly, fifth and direct drive top being obtained by first engaging the clutch 48 and again using the two-speed train 27 to obtain a further two ratios. Reverse is established by supplying oil under pressure through a pipe 310 to engage a brake 81 which stations a ring-gear 79 engaged by planet pinions 77 fast on the output shaft 69 and by a sun-gear 76 fast with the ring-gear 66 and the planet pinions 57. A Pitot governor 51 provides a pressure proportional to the speed of rotation of the intermediate shaft 33 to a pipe 220, and a Pitot governor 86 provides a pressure proportional to the speed of the output shaft 69 to a pipe 320. Function summary.-In the neutral position of a ratio range selector valve 427, Fig. 6, and with an engine driving the gearing started, oil from a front pump 106, Fig. 7, passes through a main pressure control unit 341, Fig. 5, but is blocked by a lock-up valve 445 from engaging the torque converter by-pass clutch 16, Fig. 2, although passing therethrough to fill the torque converter 10. Oil passes at the same time through a ratio shift valve 490, Fig. 4, and thence to the brake 35, Fig. 2, to establish the low ratio in the front gear train 27. By moving the ratio range selector valve 427 to its " low " (LO) position, a low-intermediate ratio range shift valve 530, Fig. 4, is conditioned to pass oil under pressure to an intermediate-high ratio range shift valve 570, Fig. 3, thereby maintained in an " intermediate " ratio position, and to the low ratio servomotor engaging the brake 72, Fig. 2, for low ratio in the rear gear train 46. As drive commences, the Pitot governor 51 driven from the intermediate gear-shaft 33 actuates the lock-up valve 445 to engage the converter by-pass clutch 16 and empty the torque converter 10. With increasing speed, the output driven Pitot governor 86 acts upon the intermediate-high shift valve 570 against throttle pedal position pressure (TV pressure) to obtain an upshift to direct drive in the front gear train 27, the by-pass clutch 16 being disengaged during the shift by a lock-up cut-out valve 465, Fig. 6. An overlap exhaust valve 650, Fig. 7, controls venting of oil under pressure from the low ratio servomotor 36 of the brake 35 during the upshift, so that the low ratio is not disestablished prior to the establishment of the higher ratio, the action of the exhaust valve being modulated by TV pressure and the pressure in the front train direct-drive servomotor 39. The converter by-pass clutch 16 then re-engages. If the speed falls, decreasing pressure from the governor 51 causes a downshift. Alternatively, a return shift from the second to the first ratio can be obtained by " kick-down " of the throttle pedal to act upon a valve 401, Fig. 6. With increasing speed, upshift from second ratio to third is obtained by moving the ratio range selector valve 427 to " intermediate " (INT) position, thus cutting off the oil supply through a pipe 434 to the lowintermediate ratio shift valve 530, Fig. 4, which moves to its " intermediate " position. The brake 61 of the train 20 is engaged and the parallel gear trains 20, 46 give their intermediate ratio, while the intermediate-high ratio shift valve 570, Fig. 3, is held in its " intermediate " position. The only governor force now acting on the front gear train ratio shift valve 490, Fig. 4, is that from the output-driven governor 86, so that this valve causes a downshift under TV pressure to establish the stepdown ratio in the front gear train 27, the combined trains now giving the third ratio. On further increasing speed, the output shaft driven governor 86 upshifts the valve 490 and establishes the direct drive clutch 39 in the front gear-train 27, with disengagement of the by-pass clutch 16 during the shift, thereby giving fourth ratio through the gearing. Under normal conditions, a vehicle using the gearing will be started with the ratio range selector in " intermediate " position, the front governor 51 acting upon the lock-up valve 445 to engage the by-pass clutch 16 when a sufficiently high engine speed has been reached. In " intermediate " range, the pressure-control valve 341 is conditioned to give a slightly higher pressure in a main pipe 340 than in "low" range. Also when the torque converter 10 is operating in first and third ratios, a higher pressure is obtained in the main pipe, increasing main pipe pressures also being obtained by increasing TV pressure and with high pressure in the hydrodynamic brake supply pipe 181. A manual shift from third to second can be obtained by operation of the manual ratio range selector valve 427, a timer valve 631, Fig. 4, in the pipe 250 being operative to retard the rate of disengagement of the brake 61. By positioning the ratio range selector valve 427 in " drive " (D) position, the gearing is conditioned to start in the third ratio and gives automatic shifts between third, fourth, fifth and sixth ratios. The conditions are the same as in " intermediate " range, except that the intermediatehigh ratio shift valve 570, Fig. 3, is not inhibited from upshifting under the influence of the pressure of the rear governor 86 as opposed by TV pressure, so that with increasing output shaft speed the valve 570 will move to engage the direct-drive clutch 48 and the front geartrain ratio shift valve 490 will establish the stepdown ratio in the gear-train 27, the gearing as a whole then giving the fifth ratio. An overlap exhaust valve 670, Fig. 7, similar to the valve 650, controls the rate of venting of the oil from the disengaging ratio establishing brake 61, to provide a period of overlap between the disestablishment of one ratio and the establishment of the next. In the upshifted position of the intermediate-high ratio shift valve 570, the output governor pipe 320 is connected through a pipe 526 to the front gear train ratio shift valve 490, so as to partially oppose the rear governor pressure acting directly thereon; the effect of rear governor pressure causing an upshift movement of the front gear train ratio shift valve 490 is accordingly reduced. On a sufficient further increase in output speed, the rear governor 86 again effects upshift in the front gear train 27 and the sixth ratio is established. On a reduction in speed, the output shaft driven governor 86 pressure fal