Patent GB-803053-A (GB)
Title: Polymethacrolein reaction product
IPC: B22C1/22
Filed: 1955-05-09
Abstract: A detergent composition comprises a substantially linear product having an average molecular weight of at least 500 which contains units of the formula: <FORM:0803053/III/1> where X is a cation such as hydrogen, ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium or calcium, or an organic base such as di-isobutyl amine, di-isopropyl amine, benzylamine or piperidine, (see Group IV (a), mixed with one to five times its weight of a phosphate such as an orthophosphate or metaphosphate, or preferably sodium tripolyphosphate or a thermal decomposition product resulting from drying sodium tripolyphosphate at a drying medium temperature in excess of 212 DEG  F.  Alkali may be added.ALSO:Relates to a substantially linear product having an average molecular weight of at least 500 which contains units of the formula <FORM:0803053/IV (a)/1> where X is a cation such as hydrogen, ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium or calcium, or an organic base such as di-isobutyl amine, diisopropyl amine, benzylamine or piperidine. Products other than those in which X is hydrogen or ammonium may be obtained by reacting an aqueous dispersion of a polymer or copolymer of methacrolein with a base having a diisociation constant greater than that of ammonium hydroxide at 25 DEG  C. Products in which X is hydrogen may be obtained by acidifying the products of the above reaction, and products in which X is ammonium may be obtained by dissolving the acid products in ammonium hydroxide.  Compounds with which the methacrolein may be copolymerized to form the initial copolymer include butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, cyanoprene, dimethyl butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl isopropenyl ketone, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and maleic or fumaric acid or anhydride.  The reaction products, in their free acid, ammonium salt or amine salt form, may be converted to a lactone by heating and drying, or by treating with a salt such as aluminium sulphate, zinc chloride or copper sulphate. The reaction products may be used as emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization processes, and an example describes the copolymerization of styrene and 3,4-dichloro-alpha-methylstyrene in aqueous emulsion using paramenthane peroxide as catalyst, and the product in which X is sodium as emulsifier; other copolymers which may be made in this way include styrene-butadiene, methyl isopropenyl ketone - butadiene, styrene - methyl methacrylate, and vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate.  The products may be used as soil conditioners and soil stabilizers, and in the treatment of fabrics, fibres and filaments; they may be used as warp sizes and as sizes and finishing agents for paper and boxboard; they may be added to viscose dope and may serve as binders for sand cores and moulds; they may be mixed with phosphates such as sodium tripolyphosphate to form detergent compositions, and aqueous solutions of the ammonium and amine salt form of the product admixed with a pigment such as titanium dioxide may be used as intumescent paints.ALSO:Textile fibres and fabrics such as wool, cotton, nylon and rayon or glass filaments may be sized by contacting the fabric &c. with an aqueous solution of a polymer which comprises recurring units of the structural formula <FORM:0803053/IV (c)/1> where X is ammonium or an amine having less than four carbon atoms (see Group IV (a)) and drying and heating the fabric &c. to form a water-insoluble lactone having the structure <FORM:0803053/IV (c)/2> The lactones may also be formed by treating the polymer with a salt such as aluminium sulphate, zinc chloride or copper sulphate. By this treatment the fabrics &c. are creaseproofed and shrinkproofed.ALSO:A substantially linear product having an average molecular weight of at least 500 and containing units of the formula:-  <FORM:0803053/I/1> where X is a cation (see Group IV(a)) may be used for conditioning soil.