Patent GB-695622-A (GB)
Title: A hydraulic control system for machine tools
Inventor: MATHEYS GASTON
IPC: B23Q5/36
Filed: 1948-05-28
Abstract: 695,622. Hydraulic transmission of power. MATHEYS, G. May 28, 1948 [Feb. 19, 1947], No. 14462/48. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Aug. 20, 1948]. Class 69(ii) In a hydraulic control system for machine tools a fluid diverting conduit leads from the working side of the cylinder to the tank and a first valve means is disposed in the fluid diverting conduit and adapted to shut off the latter, an exhaust fluid conduit leads from the exhaust side of the cylinder to the tank and a second valve means is disposed in the exhaust fluid conduit and adapted to shut off the latter, and means responsive above a predetermined pressure in the exhaust fluid conduit is provided for opening the first valve means in the fluid diverting conduit and means responsive above a predetermined pressure in the fluid diverting conduit is provided for closing the second valve means in the exhaust fluid conduit. Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 a working piston X is driven downwardly when a distributer D is in a position in which liquid from a pump P is admitted to a space T 1 . When the piston or a tool on which it is acting meets any resistance the pressure rises and is transmitted by a conduit A to a diaphragm 7 (Fig. 1) and closes a valve 8 in a branch 20 connected to a return line E leading from a space T below the piston. Return liquid thus has to pass through a passage 16 and orifice 18 the orifice being controlled by a valve 19. The closing of the valve 8 causes a rise in pressure in the passage 16 which acts on a diaphragm 17 and actuates a piston valve 3 controlling orifice 4 in a passage comprising conduits A, A, leading back to a reservoir Z from the conduit B. Thus when the orifices are uncovered some of the liquid from the pump can return to the reservoir. When, predetermined by the position given to the controlling members 23, 24 operated by the piston X, the distributer valve D starts the retraction of the piston the liquid is caused to flow through the conduit E, to the channels 20 and 38 and pushes the diaphragm 7 back to its original position so that liquid can flow through conduit E to the space T below the piston X. As the piston returns pressure is created in the passage 16 and operating on the diaphragm 17 causes the valve 3 to uncover the orifices 4 allowing escape of liquid through the conduits A, A 1  and acceleration of the piston X. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91, describes a modification in which the piston is acted on by a spring to give a rapid approach stroke and the space T, is connected by a conduit carrying a non-return valve to the reservoir Z. In another modification the working piston is hollow and works over a fixed piston. Liquid is supplied to the interior of the working piston through the fixed piston. A piston valve actuated by a diaphragm acted on by the pressure in the conduit A acts during an approach stroke to connect an annular space around the fixed piston to the reservoir Z and during the working stroke to connect this space to the conduit B which is under pump pressure. A spring may accelerate the approach stroke. Where the piston does not act downwardly the spring will compensate the absence of energy due to the weight of the piston. In a further modification designed to overcome pressure variations in the conduit A a diaphragm acted on by the pressure in a chamber connected to the conduit A is connected to the valve 3. The pressure in the chamber may be controlled either by a valve connected to a second diaphragm acted on by the pressure in the return line E or by a manually adjustable valve. The piston X can be fixed and its cylinder movable to operate the tool. It is stated that a diaphragm may be replaced by a piston. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.