Patent GB-625104-A (GB)
Title: A process for the preparation of a product suitable for use as a lubricant, an addition to a lubricant, or capable of being used in the preparation of a lubricant or an addition to a lubricant
IPC: C08F240/00
Filed: 1946-02-11
Abstract: Lubricants or lubricant additives &c. are prepared by subjecting aromatic compounds containing one or more polar groups (such as OH and COOH groups), together with an excess of compounds with one or more aliphatic double bonds and containing more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule, to a simultaneous alkylation and polymerization treatment.  The products so obtained may be converted into metallic salts.  Examples of aromatic compounds which can be used are benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, phenol, salicylic acid, aminophenol, diphenyl ether, nitronaphthalene, and naphthalene sulphonic acid.  Examples of compounds with an aliphatic double bond containing more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule are: alkenes such as hexene, decene and cetene, cycloalkenes such as cyclohexene, mixtures containing alkenes, such as vapour or liquid phase cracking distillates of paraffin wax, unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein and unsaturated esters, such as are present in rape-seed oil and soya bean oil.  The alkylation and polymerization treatments may be carried out in the presence of catalysts such as aluminium chloride, boron fluoride or hydrofluoric acid, as a rule at temperatures above 50 DEG  C.  The metals of salts prepared from the products thus obtained may be those of the second, third, sixth and iron groups of the periodic system.  In the example given a mixture of salicylic acid and a vapour phase cracking distillate fraction of paraffin wax boiling between 30 DEG  and 340 DEG  C. is heated in the weight ratio of 1 : 8 at about 100 DEG  C., while introducing gaseous boron fluoride.  After steaming and water washing the acid product is converted into the calcium salt by neutralisation with slaked lime. A 5 per cent solution of this product in a refined distillate lubricating oil is said to give greater operating cleanliness in petrol and Diesel engines than a 1 per cent solution of calcium di-isopropyl salicylate in the same oil, both having the same calcium content.  The salts of the additives prepared according to the invention are said to be superior to salts of multivalent metals and aromatic carboxylic acids hitherto prepared in solubility in high V.I. mineral lubricating oils and not to settle out from solutions in such oils during storage and use.  Specifications 536,827 and 586,461 are referred to.ALSO:Polymerized alkylated aromatic compounds are prepared by subjecting aromatic compounds containing one or more polar groups, such as OH and/or COOH groups, together with an excess of compounds with one or more aliphatic double bonds and containing more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule, to a simultaneous alkylation and polymerization treatment.  The products so obtained may be used as lubricants or may be converted into metallic salts and in this form may be used as lubricating oil additives.  Examples of aromatic compounds which can be used are benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, phenol, salicylic acid, amino-phenol, diphenyl ether, nitro-naphthalene, and napthalene sulphonic acid.  Examples of unsaturated compounds which may be used are alkenes such as hexene, decene and cetene, cyclo-alkenes such as cyclohexene, mixtures containing alkenes, such as vapour or liquid phase cracking distillates of paraffin wax, unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein, and unsaturated esters such as the unsaturated triglycerides of rape-seed and soya bean oils.  The alkylation and polymerisation treatments may be carried out in the presence of catalysts such as aluminium chloride, boron fluoride or hydrochloric acid, as a rule at temperatures above 50 DEG  C.  The metals of salts prepared from the products thus obtained may be those of the second, third, sixth and iron groups of the periodic system.  In the example a mixture of salicylic acid and a distillate fraction boiling between 30 DEG  and 340 DEG  C., obtained by the cracking of paraffin wax in the vapour phase and containing a mixture of olefines, is heated in the weight ratio of 1 : 8 at about 100 DEG  C., while introducing gaseous boron fluoride.  After steaming and water washing the acid product is converted into the calcium salt by neutralisation with slaked lime.ALSO:Polymerized alkylated aromatic compounds are prepared by subjecting aromatic compounds containing one or more polar groups, such as OH and/or COOH groups, together with an excess of compounds with one or more aliphatic double bonds and containing more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule, to a simultaneous alkylation and polymerization treatment.  The products so obtained may be used as lubricants or may be converted into metallic salts and in this form may be used as lubricating oil additives.  Examples of aromatic compounds which can be used are benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, phenol, salicylic acid, aminophenol, diphenyl ether, nitro-naphthalene, and naphthalene sulphonic acid.  Examples of unsaturated compounds which may be used are alkenes, such as hexene, decene and cetene, cyclo-alkenes such as cyclohexene, mixtures containing alkenes, such as vapour or liquid-phase cracking distillates of paraffin wax, unsaturated alcohols such as alkyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein, and unsaturated esters such as the unsaturated triglycerides of rape-seed and soya bean oils.  The alkylation and polymerization treatments may be carried out in the presence of catalysts such as aluminium chloride, boron fluoride or hydrochloric acid, as a rule at temperatures above 50 DEG  C.  The metals of salts prepared from the products thus obtained may be those of the second, third, sixth and iron groups of the periodic system.  In the example given a mixture of salicylic acid and a distillate fraction boiling between 30 DEG and 340 DEG  C. obtained by the cracking of paraffin wax in the vapour phase, and containing a mixture of olefines, is heated in the weight ratio of 1 : 8 at about 100 DEG  C. while introducing gaseous boron fluoride.  After steaming and water washing the acid product is converted into the calcium salt by neutralization with slaked lime.