baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-773191-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to furnaces and methods for the production of steel
IPC: C21C5/56
Filed: 1953-07-31
Abstract: Production in a steel plant, particularly in the manufacture of steel by the basic open hearth scrap and hot metal process, is increased by first melting the scrap in an open-topped shaft furnace (see Group XII) into which the unprepared scrap is continuously or intermittently dumped, tapping off superheated molten scrap into a ladle, and pouring it into the steel making furnace either before, with, or after the molten pig iron.  A typical procedure in which the furnace charge comprises 60 per cent pig iron and 40 per cent scrap is to feed lime or limestone p  and iron ore into the furnace, followed by the molten pig iron. Some oxidation takes place, the foaming slag being retained in the furnace, and if a low carbon product is desired, the carbon content is further reduced by ore additions, or by applying oxygen jets to the bath.  The superheated molten scrap is then added, completing the reactions, and displacing slag, and, if a low phosphorus content is required, quicklime is added to the bath.  The time required to make a heat of steel including fettling time, is 4-6 hours.
Patent GB-1477335-A (GB)
Title: Liquid crystal electro-optical displays
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 1974-05-14
Abstract: 1477335 Modulating light F HOFFMANNLA ROCHE & CO AG 14 May 1974 [14 May 1973] 21405/74 Heading G2F [Also in Division G5] A liquid crystal "twist" display cell, comprising a layer 16 of nematic material with positive dielectric anisotropy, and transparent electrodes 18, 20 and substrates 12, 14, and wherein electrode 20 is disposed only on selected areas of substrate 12 and the layer 16 exhibits variable optical activity, is disposed between a polarizer 11 and a reflector 22 which scatters incident light without depolarizing it, there being no polarizer between the cell and reflector. In the absence of a field between the electrodes, layer 16 rotates the plane of polarization of light from polarizer 11 by 90 degrees, but this rotation is reversed on the second pass so that light is retransmitted by polarizer 11 after reflection at 22, being effectively reflected over the whole area of the device. A field between the electrodes renders the layer 16 locally isotropic, so that light which on its first pass encountered an optically active part of layer 16 may be scattered at 22 to pass through the isotropic region and therefore to be blocked at polarizer 11, i.e. the electrode regions appear dark on a light ground. Removal of portions of the electrode 20, as in Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 (not shown), is said to increase the effectiveness of the arrangement. Reflector 22 may be a transparent plate with a diffusing surface adjacent substrate 14 and a reflective surface on the other side, or a roughened metallic reflector, or it may be formed of powdered or granular metallized particles.
Patent GB-580646-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to reticular fabrics and to composite materials embodying same
IPC: D03D27/00
Filed: 1943-12-21
Abstract: 580,646. Buttons. PAGE, F. C. Dec. 21, 1943, No. 21409. [Class 43] [Also in Groups VIII and IX] A button used for securing together crossing strips of fabric to form an ornamental bedspread &c. (see Group IV) consists of an ornamental or coloured head 14, Fig. 3, having a shank 15 connected by a cord 16 to a second head or retaining button 17 of soft rubber. Additional ornamental buttons shaped as shown in Fig. 4 are also provided. Specifications 486,763, [Group IX], and 555,304 are referred to.
Patent GB-1272472-A (GB)
Title: An electronic switch
Inventor: REICH MICHAEL
IPC: G03B7/08
Filed: 1969-04-28
Abstract: 1,272,472. Inductive switching circuits. EASTMAN KODAK CO. 28 April, 1969 [27 April, 1968], No. 21505/69. Heading H3T. In a two-transistor circuit feeding an inductive load, e.g. electromagnetic an actuator, the back e.m.f. during switch-off is prevented from maintaining the second transistor conducting by feeding the back e.m.f. to the base of the first transistor through a diode to circuit conduction of the first transistor and thus non-conduction of the second.
Patent GB-893221-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for entering and processing decimal numbers in calculating machines
Inventor: KENNIS MATHEUS JOHANNES
IPC: G06C11/04
Filed: 1960-06-20
Abstract: 893,221. Calculating-machines. BLIKMAN & SARTORIUS N.V. June 20, 1960, No. 21522/60. Class 106 (1). A ten-key adding machine is provided with electromagnets by which its keys may be depressed and is associated with an electrical register from which the digits of a number may be transferred to the adding machine one by one under the control of the pin-carriage of the machine. The register RE (diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5) may comprise switches S1, S2 . . . Sn, Fig. 4, for several denominations with a function switch SF, or relay or electronic circuits. The switches or the like may be set by hand or automatically by measuring, e.g. weighing, apparatus. A number is transferred on actuation of a start switch A, Fig. 5, which through a relay X and its contact x2 energizes a contact bar D. A bridging contact member AK carried by the pin-carriage of the machine successively connects the bar D with contacts C1 &c. as the pin-carriage is stepped along as a consequence of depression of the number keys. Thus, for each denomination, one of ten number key magnets M1-0 is actuated depending on the setting of the register for that denomination so as to set a corresponding digit in the pin-carriage and to advance the latter by one step. When contact AK engages the last contact F, or the first contact following that associated with the number to be entered (as shown, the register is set for a three digit number only), one of three magnets MF1-3 is energized to depress a selected function key to enter the set number. At the same time a relay P is energized and its contact p opens to break the holding circuit of the relay X including contact x1. In another arrangement, Fig. 7 (not shown), the register may store two numbers which may be read out and entered into the adding machine successively in a continuous sequence followed by a total or subtotal operation. In a modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), additional relays are provided to de-energize an actuated number key magnet so as to enable the pin-carriage to complete a full step of movement before the next digit is read out. The armatures 5, Fig. 1, of the magnets 4 for depressing the keys 2 may carry key heads 7 for manual operation of the keys.
Patent GB-679196-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to trim panel and method of making the same
IPC: B60R13/02
Filed: 1949-08-18
Abstract: 679,196. Compound sheet materials. BRIGGS MANUFACTURING CO. Aug. 18, 1949 [Sept. 11, 1948], No. 21527/49. Class 140. [Also in Group X] A decorative metallic member adapted to be bonded to the face of a trim panel such as is used for finishing the inside of the doors of a motor vehicle, comprises a thin fibrous strip 18, Fig. 6, of absorptive material treated with a bonding substance adapted to form a bond under heat and pressure, and a thin metal strip 17 covering the strip 18 and having its edges 17a and 17b folded around and beneath the edges of the strip 18 to provide an exposed bonding area capable of contact with and being bonded to the face of the trim panel under heat and pressure. The metal strip may extend beyond the ends of the fibrous strip so that the projecting end 17c may be folded around the side edges of the panel and fixed by staples to the back of the panel. The metal strip may be folded around the fibrous strip, or may be formed into channel shape into which the fibrous strip is inserted. Bright metal foil of stainless steel or having a chromium finish may be used. The strip 18 may be of cellulosic material such as paper, impregnated with a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin such as a phenol- or urea-formaldehyde resin. In use, the composite strip is positioned on top of an assembly of component layers for a panel, which may comprise a stiff foundation board 10, Fig. 8, a thick paper layer 11 impregnated with a phenol- or urea-formaldehyde resin, a layer of padding or wadding 12, and an outer facing layer 13, of cloth, carpeting, or imitation leather, and the assembled unit is introduced into a press with upper and lower heated platens. The upper platen is provided with projecting die members which engage the composite strip E, so that layers 11 and 12 are compressed and the strip and layers are united by the resin contained in the strip and in layer 11. Simultaneously, other projecting die members form grooves 14 where the layers are united by the resin contained in layer 11. The composite strip may be used to cover the join between two adjacent zones of a panel with outer coverings of different materials, e.g. cloth and imitation leather, becoming firmly bonded to both coverings, to the resin-containing layer 11, and through it to the foundation 10.
Patent GB-734829-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to computing apparatus
Inventor: SPENCER ROLF EDMUND
IPC: G06G7/30
Filed: 1948-08-17
Abstract: 734,829. Digital electric calculating-apparatus. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Aug. 10, 1949 [Aug. 17, 1948], No. 21632/48. Class 106 (1). [Also in Group XXXVI] A computer utilizes. the symmetric ternary scale of notation, wherein + + + +, +0 - +, + + -, + + represent 40, 25, 11, 4, respectively, as indicated in Fig. 1, wherein a constant A.C. flux in cores 1, 2, 3, 4 decreases in descending powers of three, and wherein the electromagnet fields of conductors 9, 10, 11, 12, link positively, traverse without linkage, or link in a negative sense, the different cores according to the ternary digit to be prepresented. As shown in the Fig. 2, the A.C. electromagnet fields of conductors a<SP>1</SP> ... ar from decimal tappings 21 ... 30 representing appropriate values of a function f(x) link cores 34 ... 40 to represent more exact values of f(x) according to the symmetric ternary scale. Alternate conductors also link the assembly of seven cores 49 . . . 55 and the assembly 70 or the assemblies 56 and 73, according to the ternary scale values of #<SP>1</SP>(x) and #<SP>11</SP>(x)/2, respectively. Autotransformers 64, 72, 75 energize the toroidal windings of the core assemblies 49 . . . . 55 or 56 and 70 or 73 and the brushes 65 and 66, 71, 74 are ganged together and geared to move through 180 degrees for each step of a tapping switch 32. The voltage produced across the load 33 is an accurate representation of the desired function of the input x driving the. ganged brushes and the switch 32. Specification 734,830 is referred to.
Patent GB-351281-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, or relating to, pulverisers
IPC: B02C13/282
Filed: 1930-07-17
Abstract: 351,281. Impact pulverizer mills. DUFFIELD, F. L., Imperial House, Kingsway, London. July 17, 1930, No. 21697. [Class 59.] In a mill of the kind described in Specification 277,734, [Class 59, Grinding, crushing, &c.], an inner lining e, p is provided in the mill having guide or deflector vanes r<4> .. r arranged in rows. The top row of beater tips o may also be inclined to the vertical in one direction and the lowest row of beater tips may be oppositely inclined. Beater discs n are mounted on a vertical shaft and are provided with beater tips o secured thereto by tongue- and-groove connection. The linings e, p are provided with indented or serrated surfaces ql .. q4 opposite each row of beaters and with integral or adjustable deflectors r<1> .. r<4> between the rows. A fan f is secured to the upper end o the shaft l and another row of deflectors may be interposed under the fan to form a separator. Pulverized coal &c. is drawn through the pulverizer with the air admitted through the adjustable inlet h and is discharged through an orifice in the upper end of the mill by the fan f. Supplementary air may be admitted through an adjustable perforated disc w. Raw material from a shoot t may either be admitted at u or v.
Patent GB-764294-A (GB)
Title: An improved process for the treatment of sewage or other organic liquors and domestic refuse or other organic matter
Inventor: GOTHARD HENRY ALEXANDER SHERWI
IPC: C02F3/28
Filed: 1951-09-17
Abstract: <PICT:0764294/IV(b)/1> <PICT:0764294/IV(b)/2> Sewage sludge or other organic liquid having a biochemical oxygen demand of at least 5000 p.p.m., a pH of 6.5 to 7.3 and a nitrogen content of at least 100 p.p.m. are fermented under anaerobic conditions to yield a methane-rich gas and digested sludge, which is then mixed with finely divided organic matter and aerobically fermented to yield a compost fertilizer.  The biochemical oxygen demand may be adjusted by drawing off supernatant liquid from the crude liquor to be processed, the pH adjusted by the addition of lime, and the nitrogen content adjusted, preferably to 1.5 to 2 per cent by the addition of soluble ammonium salts.  In Fig. 1, sewage sludge is delivered to tank 1 and therein adjusted to the above characteristics, supernatant liquor being drawn off by pump 2 to tank 8.  The remainder is passed by pump 3 to digesters 4 which may operate in series or parallel.  The digesters are shown in detail in Fig. 2 to be described later and consist of an inner chamber jacketed by an outer chamber.  The sludge passes to the outer chamber of the first digester then to the inner chamber thereof by means of pump 5 and heater 6, then to the outer chamber of the second digester, and so on.  Methane is collected from each digester and passed to a gas holder 7.  The anaerobically digested sludge finally passes to tank 8, and is employed in the production of compost (see Group I).  The anaerobic digester cells 4 are shown in Fig. 2.  Each digester consists of a rubber-lined vessel made up of an inner chamber 41 and an outer chamber 42.  The sludge enters the outer chamber from pipe 48 and leaves at 50 for passage to the inner chamber through pump 5 (Fig. 1) and pipe 51, terminating in nozzle 55.  The latter is provided with a series of annular channels terminating in deflectors of varying concicity to distribute the liquor over the inner chamber.  An outlet for gases is provided at 53 and an aperture 52 allows gases to pass from the outer to the inner chamber.  Perforated diaphragms 47 are provided in the inner chamber to break up solid matter.  Sludge is withdrawn at 49 and recirculated or passed to the outer chamber of the next digester.  The temperature of the first stage digester should be 45 DEG  to 55 DEG  C., but that in the succeeding digesters may rise to 80 DEG  C.  The pH of the sludge in the digesters is periodically measured and the concentration of organic acids should not be allowed to exceed 2000 p.p.m. calculated as acetic acid.  Excess acidity may be rectified by drawing off the liquor and replacing it, or by correcting the fault that caused the rise in acidity, e.g. failure to adjust the nitrogen content or insufficient circulation.  Specification 764,295, [Group I], is referred to.
Patent GB-1430422-A (GB)
Title: Photo-initiated optical adhesives
IPC: C08F2/50
Filed: 1973-05-16
Abstract: 1430422 Photopolymerizable adhesive compositions LOCTITE (IRELAND) Ltd 16 May 1973 [16 May 1972] 21877/73 Heading C3P Photopolymerizable compositions comprise, as polymerizable monomer component, a reaction product of a polyisocyanate with an ester of acrylic or α-substituted acrylic acid having a hydroxyl group or a primary or secondary amino group in the alcohol moiety of the ester; together with 0À1 to 10% by weight of the composition of a photo-initiator of the carbonyl type. The photo-initiator may be a monoketone or monoaldehyde, e.g. acetophenone, benzophenone, acetonaphthones and naphthaldehydes; an alkanedione, e.g. 2,3- butadione; or a metal carbonyl compound, e.g. of Mn, Fe, Re, Cr, Co, Ni or Mo. Examples of the monomer component are (a) the reaction product of 2 moles 3- hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 1 mole of the product obtained by reacting hydrogenated bisphenol A with toluene-2,4- diisocyanate in a 1 : 2 molar ratio, and (b) the reaction product of 3 moles of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with 1 mole of the product obtained by reacting polypropylene triol (M.W. 2500) with toluene diisocyanate in a 1 : 3 molar ratio. The compositions may also include comonomer components, e.g. 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, acrylic acid or methacryloxy trimethoxy silane and other components such as cumene hydroperoxide, hydroquinone, tri-nbutyl amine and o-benzoic sulphimide. The compositions are useful in adhesive, sealing, potting and filling applications, particularly for application to assemblies comprising one or more glass surfaces. The cured compositions have a refractive index similar to that of glass.
Patent GB-845058-A (GB)
Title: Process for the recovery of manganese from solutions of manganous salts
IPC: C22B47/00
Filed: 1958-07-08
Abstract: Manganese is recovered from manganous salt solutions obtained by decomposing manganese ores with mineral acids by adding solid magnesium oxide, carbonate, or basic carbonate, to precipitate manganese hydroxide or carbonate, the amount of magnesium compound employed being so chosen that the amount thereof remaining after the neutralisation of any acid present in the solution is substantially equivalent to the amount of manganous salt present in the solution. The precipitate may be calcined to manganese oxides.  The mineral acid may be sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sulphur dioxide.  In a two-step modification, the mother liquor from the second step is contacted with excess magnesium compound in the first step.  The precipitate, which contains magnesium and manganese, is separated from the liquid, which now contains only the magnesium salt, and is passed to the second step, where it is contacted with fresh manganese solution.  The resultant solid is separated, and consists of the pure manganese compound, and the mother liquor, containing manganese and magnesium, is passed to the first step. In the preferred process, sulphuric acid or sulphur dioxide is employed in Peaching the ore, in which case the effluent solution after treatment with the magnesium compound contains magnesium sulphate, which may either be recovered as such, converted to Na2SO4, K2SO4 or K2SO4.MgSO4. aq., all of which may be employed as fertilizers, or converted to the oxide and again employed in the process. Specification 778,836 is referred to.
Patent GB-1511940-A (GB)
Title: Safety device for use in a vehicle
IPC: B60R22/32
Filed: 1976-05-26
Abstract: 1511940 Automatic seat belt release J AUER 26 May 1976 [3 June 1975 24 Feb 1976] 21922/76 Heading A3V A seat belt is provided with a control means responsive to a load on the belt to release the belt after a time delay determined by a spring driven retarding mechanism, the control means comprising relatively movable elements 5 and 7 which are coupled together when the load is applied and between which the spring 31 of the retarding mechanism is located. When a load is applied member 7 which is a piston is partly withdrawn from cylinder 5 until levers 28 contact the end of cylinder 5 and a latch 32 retains the parts in this position. The movement stresses spring 31 which pushes levers 28 against a piston 24 located in a bore of piston 7. Piston 24 is restrained by fluid in bore 23, which may be normally contained in a plastic envelope, and which slowly escapes through a restriction 25. As levers 28 swing inwards, Fig. 4, they eventually pass through the spring end plate 30 allowing piston 7 to leave cylinder 5 and hence release the belt. A contact 19 closes the main circuit of the vehicle and opens on operation of the device. An alternative embodiment, Fig. 5 (not shown) has a knife which severs a main or ignition circuit cable of the vehicle. A releasable catch on top of the device operates via pushrods 17 to close the main circuit contacts when a detent member 10 is inserted and hence the belt is fastened. The Fig. 5 embodiment also has a spring loaded ratcheting counter piston in the bore 23 to compensate fluid loss and also a rod extending from the counter piston to indicate the fluid level.
Patent GB-219334-A (GB)
Abstract: 219,334. Krupp Germaniawerft Akt.- Ges., F. July 20, 1923, [Convention date]. Cylinders, arrangement of ports in and pipes for.- A two-stroke-cycle engine has converging air or mixture admission passages a<1> arranged tangential to the concave head of the piston so that the charge flows ir. a continuous stream as indicated in Fig. 1 and breaks into two streams to leave by exhaust ports a<2> on the two sides of the cylinder. The passage a<1> may have guides to direct the charge when the port is partly open. When valve-controlled, the ports of the passages a<1>, a<2> may be at the same level. In the application to a multicylinder engine with parallel cylinders the charge may be led from chambers between the cylinders and the exhaust received by two pipes common to all the cylinders and at right angles to their axes.
Patent GB-451154-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to mechanism for applying sections of covering or tipping material to a continuously advancing web of wrapping material
IPC: A24C5/58
Filed: 1935-08-02
Abstract: 451,154. Affixing sheet material by adhesives. AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY CO., 511, 5th Avenue, New York, U.S.A. Aug. 2, 1935, No. 21945. Convention date, April 6. [Class 73] [See also Groups VI and XVI] Mechanism, for applying sections of covering or tipping material to a continuously advancing web of wrapping, comprises means for continuously advancing a web of covering or tipping material at a speed slower than that of the wrapping material, and a suction drum continuously revolving at a peripheral speed equal to the speed of the wrapping material, adapted after severance of a section from the leading end of the web of covering material, to hold the section against its periphery and to apply it to the web of wrapping material. A wrapping strip P adjustably held by rollers 53 on an inverted V-shaped member 54 to permit a rotating segment 42 to apply paste to the strip, is passed around a guide roll 55 and between rolls 32, 33, the roll 33 having an outstanding segment to press the pasted portions of the strip against a section of tipping material cut from a web C and fed forward by the roll 32. Feed rollers 23, 24, rotating more slowly than the rolls 32, 33 pass the tipping strip beneath spring fingers 52 which guide it between the roll 32 and a concave block 48 grooved to receive a ledger 45. The ledger coacts with a knife 44 adjustable in a chordal slot in the roll 32 to sever a tipping section from the web and thereafter the knife pushes the section to engage the pasted portion of the wrapping strip. Spring fingers 61 in the block 48 grip the tipping web during the severance. In the case of gold leaf and like strip, the backing strip is separated manually from the leaf and threaded through a slot in the block 48 to a re-winding core 67. The spring fingers 61 may be omitted and the leaf be held to the roll 32 by suction applied through a fixed core about which the roll 32 is rotatably mounted.
Patent GB-1312064-A (GB)
Title: Radio direction finding
IPC: G01S3/48
Filed: 1970-05-06
Abstract: 1312064 Radio direction-finding APPARATEBAU GAUTING GmbH 6 May 1970 Heading H4D In a radio direction-finder outputs 6, 7 derived from two spaced aerials are switched to yield a pulse train 8, the time intervals 9, 10 are measured and the difference therebetween is indicated, e.g. by a digital indicator. The aerials may be vertical dipoles by one-tenth to one-half of the operating wavelength. To compensate for varying wavelength a cable of known length may be utilized, Fig. 4 (not shown). A third aerial may be employed, a selection being made of two of the three. The bearing indicator may be a circular display of, e.g. 72 lamps.