baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-729475-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of mixed carboxylic esters of cellulose
IPC: C08B3/02
Filed: 1952-08-13
Abstract: In the production of a mixed carboxylic ester of cellulose in the presence of a catalyst and under conditions such that the cellulose ester either dissolves in the esterifying medium or remains undissolved whilst maintaining its fibrous structure, the esterification is conducted at a temperature not exceeding 65 DEG C., preferably at 15-35 DEG  C., with the aid of perchloric acid as catalyst until the degree of esterification has reached 80 per cent, and then the esterification is brought to completion with a quantity of sulphuric acid or like catalytically active acid, e.g. phosphoric acid, which is about two or three times the weight of the perchloric acid.  The proportion of perchloric acid used may be 0.2-0.5 per cent of the weight of the cellulose.  The perchloric acid may be added gradually during the course of the esterification.  The sulphuric acid may be diluted with part of the esterifying liquid and then added gradually to the rest of the reaction mixture.  The sulphuric acid may be added with the final portions of the perchloric acid.  In an example, cellulose which has been pretreated with glacial acetic acid at 20 DEG  C. is esterified with a mixture of butyric anhydride, acetic anhydride and 0.35 per cent of perchloric acid based on the weight of the cellulose.  After 30 minutes 0.05 per cent of perchloric acid is added; after 90 minutes more a further 0.05 per cent is added and after another 120 minutes a further 0.05 per cent of perchloric acid is added.  After a further 60 minutes 1 per cent of sulphuric acid is diluted with part of the esterifying liquid and then added to the reaction mixture while stirring.  The reaction mixture is left for 4 hours until the ester becomes soluble in a mixture of methylene chloride and methanol.  The liquid is then expressed and the cellulose acetobutyrate is washed free from acid. In another example, cellulose which has been pre-treated with glacial acetic acid is esterified with a mixture of butyric anhydride, acetic anhydride and 0.35 per cent of perchloric acid (based on the weight of the cellulose).  After 3 hours there is added a mixture of butyric anhydride and acetic anhydride containing 1.0 per cent of sulphuric acid (on the weight of the cellulose), and the reaction mixture is allowed to stand for 4 hours, after which the cellulose acetobutyrate is isolated from the mixture.
Patent GB-1154211-A (GB)
Title: Method of Controlling Pests
IPC: C07F9/17
Filed: 1966-05-09
Abstract: 1,154,211. Insect control using an organophosphorous compound. MOBIL OIL CORP. 9 May, 1966 [17 May, 1965], No. 20440/66. Heading A5E [Also in Division C2] Insects, mites, and symphylans are controlled by the application thereto or to their walkways of a toxic amount of S,S - dipropyl O - ethyl phosphorodithioate, which may be in the form of a dust or emulsion.
Patent GB-530430-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic cameras provided with photo-electric meters
IPC: G03B7/12
Filed: 1939-07-14
Abstract: 530,430. Photo-electric control of photographic exposure. KODAK, Ltd. July 14, 1939, No. 20522. Convention date, July 14, 1938. [Class 40 (iii)] [Also in Group XX] In a photographic camera having a photo-electric exposure meter the meter controls either the shutter speed or diaphragm opening, and is selectively connected to the photo-electric cell in accordance with the sensitivity of the film through one of a number of electric circuits, each of which has its resistance adjusted simultaneously with the setting of the other exposure controlling device. The kinematographic camera shown is provided with a shutter speed adjusting mechanism giving three speeds, there being on the shaft 24 of the speed adjusting knob 22 two contact arms 37, 38 co-operating with contacts 33, 34, 35 and 39 connected to different points of a resistance 25 in shunt with the operating coil 18 of a meter element connected to a photo-electric cell 17. A two-way switch 44 which is automatically operated by a boss 46 on the film magazine 14, so that it is set in accordance with the speed of the film alternatively throws either the contact arm 37 or 38 into circuit, thus determining the value of the shunt resistance 25 corresponding to a given shutter speed setting of the knob 22. As shown the meter controls the diaphragm setting described in Specification 451,659, [Group XX], but it may alternatively control the shutter speed setting.
Patent GB-577323-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of yarns, threads and like materials
IPC: B65H71/00
Filed: 1943-12-10
Abstract: 577,323. Apparatus for treating yarn. VANDERHOOVEN, C. C. Dec. 10, 1943, No. 20734. Convention date, Feb. 3, 1942. [Class 140] [Also in Group IX] In apparatus for abrading, waxing and lubricating yarn, the vibrations of the yarn in the treating zone are inhibited by imparting a slight initial tension thereto between the yarn source and the zone, the initial tension being caused continuously and gradually to decrease until at a point where the vibrations have substantially ceased, the initial tension is entirely removed. The vibration damping means comprises a wire member bent or twisted to the required shape for guiding and deflecting the yarn. Yarn 10 passes through pigtail guides 11, 13 across a roller 13, and through a pigtail guide 14 and a tensioning device 15 to the traverse 16 of the winding cone 17. The roller 13 dips into a tank of lubricant. The guide 14 is carried on a sleeve 22 which is axially movable on a shaft 23. The sleeve is connected through adjustable linkage 24, 26, 28, 29 and 30 to the traverse mechanism and as the diameter of the cone 17 increases, the sleeve 22 moves and increases the length of yarn in contact with the roller. The vibration damper 34 comprises a substantially U-shaped wire member, one arm 35 being secured to the sleeve 22 and the other arm twisted at its end to form a guide 37. At the commencement of the treatment the sleeve 22 is in a position where the guide 37 engages the yarn and as the process proceeds the sleeve 22 and guide 37 are gradually withdrawn sideways under the action of the linkage 24-30 until, at the point where there are normally no oscillations, the guide 37 is no longer in engagement with the yarn. Modified forms of thread guides are shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Patent GB-1100388-A (GB)
Title: Polytetrafluoroethylene powder and method of preparation thereof
IPC: C08J3/12
Filed: 1965-05-17
Abstract: Free-flowing polytetraethylene powders comprising a major proportion by weight of aggregated particles which have a relatively smooth exterior with substantially no fluffy projections, which powders have an angle of repose of not more than 45 degrees and an average particle diameter of 100 to 5000 microns, may be prepared by agitating a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an average diameter of less than 300 microns and an organic liquid capable of wetting polytetrafluoroethylene, having at atmospheric pressure a boiling-point between 0 DEG  and 200 DEG  C. and simultaneously heating the mixture to a temperature of at least 30 DEG  C. until a free-flowing powder is obtained.  The polytetrafluoroethylene may be mixed with filler particles, e.g. of glass, molybdenum disulphide or graphite, and mixing may be effected by tumbling. Specified liquids are hydrocarbons, alcohols, acyclic and heterocyclic ethers, ketones, aldehydes and halogen compounds. Water may also be present.  In examples polytetrafluoroethylene powders are agitated in the presence of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane and acetone, with and without water, and glass, fibrous glass, graphite and molybdenum disulphide powders, to give free-flowing powders suitable for moulding.
Patent GB-661518-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vegetable-peeling machines
Inventor: DEWSBURY ARTHUR
IPC: A47J17/18
Filed: 1949-08-12
Abstract: 661,518. Vegetable peelers. BOOTH, R. July 4, 1950 [Aug. 12, 1949], No. 20966/49. Class 28 (ii). Vegetable peelers are provided with replaceable sheet metal liners which have been made abrasive by spraying with tough metal. The liner may be made of aluminium or zinc-coated mild steel and the coating may be of stainless steel. A smooth coating is first applied with a spray gun which then applies a rough coating by feeding the metal faster through the gun. Specification 637,339 is referred to.
Patent GB-144149-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hair cutting apparatus
IPC: B26B21/12
Filed: 1919-08-27
Abstract: 144,149. Ocansey, A. J. Aug. 27, 1919. Hair-cutting appliances of the safety-razor type. - A hair-cutting appliance comprises a frame 3 adapted to fit over and be clamped to the back of an ordinary comb 1, deeply corrugated bearing- strips 8 secured to each end of the frame 3, and a bladeholder 5 adjustably mounted on a spindle 6, the ends of the spindle being flattened where they pass under the strips 8, so that the spindle becomes locked in position within the corrugations. The blade-holder is slit as shown, and the blade 2, which is of thin steel, is pressed into position in the slit. A handle at each end of the spindle allows the blade to be moved towards, or away from, the comb to assist in the removal of the cut hair.
Patent GB-864318-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric heating elements
Inventor: LEWIS DENNIS LAWRENCE
IPC: H05B3/42
Filed: 1958-07-01
Abstract: 864,318. Electric filament heaters. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. June 30, 1959 [July 1, 1958], No. 21092/58. Class 39(3). An electric heater comprises a filament disposed along the axis of a metallic tube and spaced from it by a number of insulating spacers, the tube being sealed and containing an inert atmosphere. The filament is preferably a tungsten or molybdenum coil 11 held in place by supports which comprise an apertured disc 13 of tantalum or molybdenum sprung into a groove 17 of an alumina annulus 15; the disc 13 having a radial slot to allow it to be manoeuvred into position. The tube 2 which may be of nickel, chromium, iron alloy, is 10" long and ¢" in diameter, and it may have an internal heat reflecting coating.
Patent GB-337800-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in coking bituminous material
IPC: C10B55/00
Filed: 1929-07-09
Abstract: 337,800. American Tar Products Co., (Assignees of Rhodes, E. O.). Feb. 9, 1929, [Convention date]. Materials for making coke and other products. - Bituminous materials in the liquid state, such as tar or molten pitch, are coked by being sprayed into a heated coke oven in the presence of an inert gas such as steam. When tar is used it is preferable to distil it first, and use the pitch in the coking chamber. Tar from a tank 1 is heated in a still 2, and the pitch kept in circulation in flow and return pipes 26, 29 connected to nozzles 30 in a coke oven 3. Distillates from the still pass by a pipe 10 to a condenser 11, and permanent gases escape through a conduit 23 to a gas main 51, or to an outlet 56. The ovens are slowly filled with the sprayed pitch, an oven ten feet high being filled to a depth of about seven feet in about six hours, the shrinkage of the charge taking place during a period of about 10 hours. When the oven is filled the nozzles 30 are withdrawn and the openings 31 sealed up. The distillates pass through a stand pipe 50, and, on closing a valve 52, through a pipe 53 to the condenser 11, where they mix with the gases from the still 2. A flue temperature of about 1800‹ F. is maintained in the coke oven setting.
Patent GB-993962-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to article spacing arrangements
Inventor: LINNERT ARTHUR
IPC: B65G47/26
Filed: 1960-06-16
Abstract: 993,962. Endless conveyers. COTTON SILK & MAN-MADE FIBRES RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. Sept. 18, 1961 [June 16, 1960 (2)], Nos. 21123/60 and 21124]60. Heading B8A. The right-to-left flow of articles 13 along a conveyer 12 in the form of two parallel endless belts 12a is regulated to a predetermined spacing by feelers 25 linked to stops 26 which impede the passage of a following article until the leading article has cleared its feeler. Final spacing is determined by the length of a contact member 11 and its associated stop 14. The end feeler 25<SP>11</SP> may operate a deflector to avoid pile-up on the conveyer or sufficient stop sections may be provided as a store to prevent overflow. A safety device (Fig. 3, not shown) operates a cut-out to the belt drive in case of overload. The contact and feeler members 11, 25 may be replaced by micro-switches and the stop members 14, 26 actuated by solenoids controlled by such switches.
Patent GB-644203-A (GB)
Title: A method for destructive distillation of fuel in retort furnaces and means for carrying out the method
IPC: C10B21/20
Filed: 1946-07-15
Abstract: 644,203. Furnaces; distilling carbonaceous materials. DALIN, D., HEDBACK, T. J., GEJROT, C. J., and JOHANSSON, A. W. July 15, 1946, No. 21148. Convention date, July 17, 1945. [Classes 51(i) and 55(i)] In a retort furnace for the dry distillation of coal. wood, slate or like fuel in which the fuel residue is subsequently burnt externally of the retort to heat the retort, the temperature in the combustion zone is controlled by regulating the supply of combustion air and circulating a heatabsorbing medium through pipes or channels in the fuel layer. Cracking of the distillation gas and sintering of the fuel are thus avoided. In one form, Fig. 1, the furnace comprises a shaft 1 fitted with discharge rollers 6 for ash and enclosing two retorts 2. The fuel is fed to a hopper 2a and passes down the retorts to the combustion zone 5, the flue gases passing upwardly around the retorts to a flue 3 and the distillation gases being sucked from the retorts through pipes 4 communicating with a main conduit 8. To prevent sintering of the fuel and cracking of the distillation gases, the shaft is fitted with a pipe system 10, similar to that described in Specification 641,541, through which a cooling medium such as water or steam is circulated. Some of the pipes project upwardly into the retorts, the bottoms of which are enclosed by cooling pipes 11 in the form of coils. Combustion air is supplied upwardly through the discharge rollers either by maintaining a sub-atmospheric pressure in the furnace shaft or a superatmospheric pressure in the ashpit. To prevent mixing of the flue and distillation gases, a damper 12 operated by a servomotor 14 is fitted in the flue 3, the servomotor being controlled by a diaphragm 13 subjected on one side to the pressure in the shaft and on the other side to the pressure in the pipes 4 so that the two pressures are always balanced. A number of furnaces may be grouped together, see Fig. 2 (not shown), with a common main discharge passage for the distillation gas and a common control device for the gas pressures. The cooling pipes 10 may be fitted with jackets 10a of refractory material as shown in Fig. 3. Two pipes may be arranged in a single jacket. Flanges or ribs of refractory material may be provided on the cooling tubes and the interior and exterior of the retort walls, see Figs. 4 and 5 (not shown). As shown in Fig. 6, the shaft 1 and retort 2 may be of rectangular cross-section, the retort enclosing a number of flues 26 and pipes 4 for distillation gases. In Fig. 9 (not shown), the shaft, retorts and pipes 4 are all of rectangular cross-section. As shown in Fig. 10, the lower ends of the pipes 4 may be fitted with heat-insulating jackets 31 and jackets 30 for the circulation of cooling medium.
Patent GB-812040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic guns having their breech-block released from locked position by the gun recoil
IPC: F41A5/32
Filed: 1957-07-04
Abstract: 812,040. Breech mechanisms for automatic guns. SOC. D'EXPLOITATION DES MATERIALS HISPANO-SUIZA. July 4, 1957 [July 7, 1956], No. 21223/57. Class 92 An automatic gun having a lockedclosed breech-block, 4 that is released when the gun recoils with respect to a fixed support 3 is characterized by a hydraulic connection 17 between a first variable volume hydraulic chamber 13 interposed between a recoiling part and the support 3 and a second variable volume chamber 16 interposed between a part of the gun and a push piece 14 that is actuated by the recoil to release the breech-block. The part 2 is the breech-cage of the gun and slides in the support or cradle 3 against a resilient system 10 and 32. The breech-block 4 is locked in its closed position by members 5 pivoted on it at their front ends and engaging abutments 6 in the breechcase at their rear ends. A member 7 slidable in the breech-block 4 is projected forward by its own inertia and a spring 9 to drive the members 5 into the locking position at the same time as its firing pin 8 comes forward to fire a cartridge. The breech-case 2 has two rearwardly extending cylindrical housings 11 containing co-axial tubes 17 that connect the first and second variable volume chambers 13 and 16 which are filled with hydraulic fluid. The first chamber 13 has a piston 12 rigid with the cradle 3 situated in a recess 23 in its rear end (Fig. 1). when the breech is closed and moving forward on firing (Fig. 2) to drive oil forward up the tube 17 and to cause a cup-shape piston 15 in the second chamber 16 to move to the rear. The piston 15 carries a projection 14 which withdraws the member 7, allowing the gas pressure on the breech-block to cause the members 5 to disengage from the inclined faces 6 on the breech-piece and release the breech-block 4 for rearward movement (Fig. 3). The piston 12 has calibrated holes 25 covered by a check-valve 24 that permit a slow passage of oil to provide a buffer when it re-enters the recess 23 after recoil (Fig. 2). Similar protection is provided at the end of the recoil stroke (Fig. 3) by a small annular clearance between the inside of the piston 12 and the outside of the tube 17. A one-way valve 20 communicates with an auxiliary chamber 19 that is separated from a chamber 21 containing gas under pressure by a movable diaphragm 22. The chamber 19 forms a relief chamber to balance the operation of the hydraulic system and allows for expansion of the oil. The piston 12, when fully forward, lifts the valve 20 off its seating (Fig. 3).
Patent GB-355454-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to tube tapering apparatus
IPC: B21C37/18
Filed: 1930-07-14
Abstract: 355,454. Tapering tubes. CROAD, A. K., 70, Chancery Lane, London.-(Whitney Manufacturing Co. ; Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A.) July 14, 1930, No. 21237. [Class 83 (ii) and 83 (iv).] Drawing ; drawing-grippers; rolling mandrels and mandrel carriage feeds.-A tube, e.g. a golf club shaft, is tapered by pulling it between a rotated ring of balls 61 and the tapered point 59 of a mandrel 46, the ball ring being gradually contracted under the control of a cam as it is moved further along the tapered point during drawing. A tube is inserted through the ball cage 60 and over the mandrel 46 and its projecting end entered and clamped by a screw 69 in the jaws of a draw head 19 which has been screwed out of the way and then up to position by a hand-wheel 77. A split nut in the draw head is then closed around the feed or draw screw 21. The dog clutch 25 is closed by turning handle 89, Fig. 4, to jump the spring-pressed finger 86 past the stop 87 so that the bell-crank lever 81 allows the spring 80 to close the clutch so rotating screw 21 from the belt pulley 27 and beginning the drawing. At the same time a cam groove 34 starts to slide a head 29 keyed to a hollow shaft 28 carrying a conical die 57 which presses the balls 61 against the tube so that the pass between these balls with the mandrel point varies with the cam groove 30 so forming the taper. This cam groove 34 can be replaced by other drums with different grooves to form a swelling or other form at the end of a golf club shaft for attachment of the head as in Fig. 11. The die block 57 and its assemblage is independently and continuously rotated by belt pulley 20. The angle of taper can be varied by altering the speed of the feed screw 21 by changing the gear wheels 23 of its drive. The thickness of the tube walls can be set by hand adjustment which screws the mandrel in its socket 47 to retract or advance its point 59 relative to the ball cage 60. Wall thickness can also be varied along the tube by making the shape of the face of the die block 57 out of parallel with the shape of the mandrel point. Lubricant is pumped in the pipe 53 and runs along the hollow spindle to the ball dies and out and back to the reservoir. At the end of the drawing the stop 86 has made a complete turn and engages the finger 86 to disengage the clutch 25. Making cams.-The machine may be used to copy a given tube, inserting such tube in it and making it trace a corresponding cam groove 34 which is subsequently cut on a blank drum which is then placed on the machine.
Patent GB-1126070-A (GB)
Title: Bistable operating relay with magnetic contacts
IPC: H01H51/28
Filed: 1966-05-13
Abstract: 1,126,070. Bi-stable relays; magnetic switches. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP. 13 May, 1966 [20 May, 1965], No. 21293/66. Heading H1N. A magnetic contact unit 9 is surrounded and controlled by a movable axially magnetized annular permanent magnet 8 which is moved between like poles 4, 5 of an electromagnet 3, 2, 6 having its other poles 7 on each side of the permanent magnet 8 (Fig. 2, not shown). The magnitude of the reverse current pulse which will move the permanent magnet to its other stable position is set by the thickness of non-magnetic spacing sheets 10, 11, on the poles 4, 5. The sealed contact unit 9 has an armature contact ball which bridges fixed contacts at each end of the sealed tube.
Patent GB-940951-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved hydraulic coupling
Inventor: SUTHERLAND WILLIAM MARSHALL
IPC: F16L39/06
Filed: 1959-06-22
Abstract: 940,951. Rotary joints. FAIREY ENGINEERING Ltd. May 25, 1960 [June 22, 1959; Sept. 18, 1959], Nos. 21352/59 and 31829/59. Heading F2G. In an hydraulic coupling of the kind comprising a central core 1 having passages therethrough which communicate, or are adapted to communicate, at one end with a supply or return conduit and at the other end with an outlet or inlet port provided in an outer sleeve 12, sealing means being provided between the core and the sleeve and these parts being relatively rotatable about the axis of the core, an annular channel is provided between the sleeve and core by which fluid is conveyed to or from ports in the sleeve and circumferential sealing means are provided in that channel or those channels connecting fluid carrying ports and passages, such sealing means comprising sealing rings arranged along the opposite end walls of the channel or channels between the core and sleeve and so constructed and arranged that the thrusts or reactions of the sealing rings exerted in the direction of the axis of relative rotation between the sleeve and core of the coupling are taken by the end walls of the channel or channels whilst the annular seals between the sleeve and the core are effected along narrow circumferential bands adjoining the channels. As shown, the sleeve has axially spaced, annular channels 19, 20 and 21 registering respectively with ports 22, 23 and 24 in the sleeve, and with passages 8a, 25 and 9a in the core. The sealing rings 28, 29 and 30, 31 are of U- or channel-section and formed of textile fabric impregnated with rubber and have moulded integrally therewith rubber spreader rings 36. The sealing rings are spaced apart by rings 32 integral with rigid struts 34 or spring- loaded telescopic struts; alternatively, the rings are spaced apart by helical springs surrounding the core. To relieve the pipes leading to and from the sleeve of undue stresses the sleeve is furnished with arms 37 which are secured to the appropriate extraneous structure.