Patent ES-352352-A1 (ES)
Title: Digital speech detection system
IPC: H04J3/17
Filed: 1968-03-26
Abstract: In a speech detector system, e.g. for a TASI system, a common control circuit is connected sequentially to each of a number of lines to determine the connection requirements of each of the lines. The past state of each of the lines is stored in a circulating memory and used to determine the connection requirement corresponding to the present state and the sensitivity of the speech detectors is controlled in accordance with the previous signal level, stored in a second circulating memory. The hang-over time which elapses before a line which has become inactive is disconnected from the output, is also varied in accordance with the previous signal level, being longer for a weak talker than a loud talker. In the TASI system of Figs. 2A and 2B the active ones of lines L 1 to L n are connected via a multiplexed switching system 51 to the lines 60 under the control of a common control unit 7. Each of the lines L 1 to L n is connected to a respective signal converter 2 comprising a number of signal level detectors A 0 to A 3 and L, of different sensitivity so that one or more of the detectors is operated by an input signal on the respective line, A 0 being the most sensitive and operated by all signals exceeding a predetermined minimum level, and L being the least sensitive and operated only by signals exceeding a higher level corresponding to a loud talker. The signals from the converter 2, effectively in digital form, are fed via the stepping switch 6 to the variable sensitivity control 8 in the common control 7. The sensitivity control 8 comprises a number of comparator circuits 21 to 24 and a sensitivity store 9, which comprises a recirculating store containing information on the past sensitivity status of all the lines sampled by the stepping switch 6, which provides that the line activity signal A is generated at the output of "OR" gate 27 only when the sampled signal level is such as to generate above a predetermined minimum energization of the lines A 0 to A 3 determined according to the stored status. The line activity signal, A, and its inverse A as derived from inverter 26, the loud talker signal L, a signal T from the timing unit 14, and a signal PST indicative of the past status of the line are fed to a number of line state detectors 28 and 30 to 34 which determine the connection requirements of the line. Fig. 4A indicates the sequence of operation and shows that with a line inactive and signal A being generated I state detector (28, Fig. 2) is operated alone, and via "OR" gates 36, 37, and 38 lines LS1, LS2, and LS3, are all unmarked, feeding a digital signal 000 into the status store and energizing, via "AND" gate 46 in the output unit, "the talker does not need connection" line TDNC in respect of the line being sampled. When the line being sampled starts to carry a signal the line activity signal A is generated and the detection unit moves to a waiting period (OT in Fig. 4A) during which, no state detectors are operated. During this state a stored code in a position appropriate to the sampled line in circulating store 44 is updated by adding pulses from the generator 13 to the code in the store 45 until, after an elapse of 5-2 MS. the timing code detector produces a signal to enable the DHO state detector 30. Since the activity signal A and an appropriate past status signal PST are present detector 30 is energized, putting, via "OR" gates 36 and 37, a marking on lines LS1 and LS2, updating the past status in store 11 to "110" and putting a marking on the "talker needs connection" line TNC. In this state if the line becomes inactive the count in the timing store is reduced until, with the count reduced to zero the I state detector 28 is energized again and the TDNC line is marked instead of the TNC line. If, however, the activity signal A continues to be received, the stored code in the timing store 44 is updated until, after a further 4.5 MS, the timing code detector produces a signal which enables the weak talker detector 31, which is operated if A persists, and marks the lines LS1 LS2, and LS3 stores the code 111 in status store 11 and maintains the marking on the TNC line. If the line activity signal A ceases to be generated during this state the control moves to a "hangover" state - H 2 , where lines LS2 and LS3 are marked and the code 011 is written in status store 11 but the TNC line continues to be marked until the timing code detector 45 determines that this state has continued for 320 MS, at which time the system returns to the idle state with only detector 28 operated. If on the other hand the activity signal continues to be generated, and the signal level is at such a value, corresponding to a loud talker, that the line L from converter 2 is energized, the LT state detector 32 produces an output causing the stored status code to change to 101 in which state the circuit has a hangover time H1 so that the circuit reverts to the idle state only 120 MS. after the activity signal ceases. Variable sensitivity control.-The line activity signal A is arranged to be generated only when the states of the lines A 0 to A 3 bear a predetermined relation to the previous states as stored in the recirculating store 9. As described, the store stores two digit binary numbers in respect of each line sampled. If the number 00 is stored the speech detector is in its most sensitive state and the activity signal A will be generated if only the most sensitive comparator 24 is energized by a marking on line A o When a weak talker state is detected by the status control state detector 31 and the signal level is such as to energize the A 3 level detector, then the number 00 is replaced by the number 01, which means that for the following sample on the same line the signal level must be such as to generate the A1 signal, since only the comparator 23 is enabled by the 01 stored number, before the line activity signal A is produced. If during the following sample the signal level is such as to produce the signal L then the stored number in the sensitivity store is changed to 10, which enables only comparator 22, representing a further reduction in sensitivity since the activity signal A can only be generated by a signal level high enough to produce the A 2 signal. If the "loud talker" signal L is generated continuously for a further 50 MS., as determined by the timing unit 14, the sensitivity store code is changed to 11, enabling comparator 21, so that the signal level needs to be high enough to generate the A 3 signal before the activity signal A is generated. If the line becomes inactive the sensitivity state is maintained as it was before it became inactive but when the line becomes active again after being idle, the sensitivity is increased by one level to ensure reliable holding of the active state. The signal level continues to be evaluated and the sensitivity may be reduced again, as described above, if the signal level justifies. In an alternative arrangement the signal activity signal is derived straight from the outputs of the comparator circuits 21 to 24, providing four activity signals. These are used in the status control circuit to provide five alternative hangover times, providing a longer hangover the weaker the line signal. A state diagram for the alternative arrangement is described with respect to Fig. 13A (not shown). Logic circuits for the various units are described. In this arrangement it is suggested that the operator may have an overriding control allowing compulsive selection or release of a line, e.g. for testing.