Patent GB-895033-A (GB)
Title: Synthetic latexes comprising ar-monovinyl aromatic sulphonic acid salt copolymers
IPC: C08F2/16
Filed: 1960-09-12
Abstract: Synthetic aqueous latices comprise colloidally dispersed solid addition polymers of predominantly non-ionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 0 to 70% by weight of acrylonitrile, at least 10 mole per cent of the monomers being polymerizable monomers having a vinyl or a -substituted vinyl group attached to a carbon atom that is multiply bonded to an atom of atomic number 6 to 8, said addition polymer containing as comonomer in the polymer chain from 0,5 to 3 weight per cent of a water-soluble salt of the radicals of an ar-monovinyl aromatic sulphonic acid of formula: <FORM:0895033/IV (a)/1> wherein A is an aromatic hydrocarbon nucleus, X is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or halogen substituent, n is 0 to 4, m is 0 or 1 and M is a salt-forming cation, the weight per cent being calculated as sodium salt based on the weight of solid polymer. Specified salts include the sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium and amine salts of styrene sulphonic acid, vinyltoluene sulphonic acid, vinyl xylene sulphonic acid, vinyl chlorobenzene sulphonic acid, vinyl naphthalene sulphonic acid, vinylbenzyl sulphonic acid and vinyl-a -xylene sulphonic acid.  Specified conjugated non-ionic monomers include styrene and alkyl, akoxy, cyano, acetyl and halo styrenes; divinyl benzenes and naphthalenes; esters and nitriles of acrylic and methacrylic acids; ethyl a -chloracrylate; acrylanilide; methyl vinyl and methyl isopropenyl ketones and conjugated dienes. Other non-ionic monomers which may be employed include dialkyl maleates; vinyl esters of organic acids; vinyl and vinylidene halides; and vinyl ethers.  Small amounts of other ionic monomers, e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and itaconic acid, may also be used.  The monomers may be polymerized in aqueous media in the presence of catalysts, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulphate, sodium persulphate, ammonium persulphate, dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide or tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, optionally activated by sodium bisulphite, sodium thiosulphate, sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate, polyalkylenepolyamines, or ferrous or ferric ions, or azodi-isobutyronitrile; and anionic or nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. sodium, potassium or amine stearates, oleates, palmitates and myristates; sodium or potassium lauryl sulphates or myristyl sulphates; sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate; sodium alkylnaphthalene sulphonates and sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate. Polymerization may be terminated prior to completion by the addition of a catalyst inactivator, and the latex freed from residual monomer by steam distillation.  Non-colloidal solid matter in the latex may be removed by filtration or centrifugation.  Examples describe the formation of latices by the copolymerization of sodium styrene sulphonate with (2, 35, 36, 38-40, 44 and 46) styrene and butadiene; (4) methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; (5) methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and vinyl acetate; (6-28, 33 and 34) styrene and butadiene; (29-32 and 45) butadiene and acrylonitrile; (37) vinyl toluene and butadiene; (41 and 42) styrene, butadiene and acrylonitrile; (43) styrene; (55) vinyl toluene and butadiene; (56) vinyl xylene and butadiene; (57) chlorostyrene; (58) dichlorostyrene; (59) vinyl naphthalene; (60) styrene and isoprene; (61) styrene, butadiene, acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid and divinyl benzene; (62) vinyl toluene, butadiene and methyl isopropenyl ketone; and (63) vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride: of sodium paravinyl benzyl sulphonate with (1) styrene and butadiene: of styrene and butadiene with (47) potassium para-vinylbenzyl sulphonate; (48) calcium paravinyl benzyl sulphonate; (49) ammonium paravinyl benzyl sulphonate; (50) triethyl-ammonium paravinyl benzyl sulphonate; (51) potassium styrene sulphonate; (52) calcium styrene sulphonate; (53) ammonium styrene sulphonate; (54) triethylammonium styrene sulphonate; (64) sodium ar-methyl styrene sulphonate; and (65) sodium ar-chloro styrene sulphonate.  The latices may be used in the formation of films and coatings, and for impregnating fabrics, e.g. for making box toes and counters for shoes.