baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-793589-A (GB)
Title: Process for making polyglycol terephthalates and films made therefrom
IPC: C08G63/86
Filed: 1956-01-31
Abstract: A polyglycol terephthalate is made by polymerizing an ester derived from terephthalic acid and a polymethylene glycol containing 2-10 carbon atoms in the presence of mono-ammonium phosphate, di-ammonium phosphate or mono-ammonium phosphite.  The glycol ester is preferably made by effecting ester-interchange between a dialkyl terephthalate and the glycol and polymerizing the resulting glycol ester in the presence of an ester-interchange/polymerization catalyst comprising (a) metallic lithium, sodium, calcium or magnesium or a hydride, alcoholate or glycol-soluble monocarboxylic acid salt thereof, e.g. lithium glycolate or magnesium acetate, (b) a glycol-soluble salt of zinc, manganese or cadmium and a monocarboxylic acid, e.g. the acetate, lactate, salicylate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, stearate or laurate, or (c) antimony trioxide, antimonyl potassium tartrate, antimonous oxychloride, antimony trifluoride or sodium antimonyl hydroxyacetate.  Part of the terephthalic acid may be replaced by isophthalic, bibenzoic, hexahydroterephthalic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, naphthalic or 2 : 5-dimethylterephthalic acids or by bis-p-carboxyphenoxyethane. In examples, ester-interchange is effected between dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol at 140-220 DEG  C. in presence of lithium hydride, antimony oxide and zinc acetate or manganous acetate.  The phosphorus compound is then added and poly-condensation of the bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate effected at 230-290 DEG  C. and 0.05-2.5 mm. of Hg. pressure.  Films made from the above polymethylene terephthalates have improved dielectric properties and improved transparency.  The films may be (a) stretched in two directions at right-angles to dimensions up to 3.25 times the original dimension of the film, (b) rolled in two directions at right-angles, (c) stretched in one direction and rolled in a direction perpendicular thereto, or (d) stretched in one direction only, e.g. to twice the original dimension.  The extended film is then heat-set at 150-250 DEG  C. whilst restricting dimensional change.  To increase film slip, the film may be sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of bentonite and then passed through a dryer to remove water.  Many uses are specified for the film, examples being for electrical insulation purposes, as a closure for containers and for encasing objects. Specification 578,079, [Group IV], and U.S.A. Specifications 2,728,790 and 2,784,457 are referred to.
Patent GB-607367-A (GB)
Title: A process for the manufacture of a thiophane derivative
Filed: 1946-01-31
Abstract: A thiophane derivative having the activity of biotin is manufactured from a lower alkyl ester of 2-(o -methoxybutyl)-thiophane-3 : 4f dicarboxylic acid (obtained by the process o-Specification 589,210) by treating it with hydrazine hydrate and, after separation of a crystalline dihydrazide, evaporating the mother liquor and treating the residue in hydrochloric acid solution with sodium nitrite, decomposing the resulting acid azide by heating with alcohol to yield the 3 : 4-diurethane, evaporating the solution under reduced pressure and separating from the benzene solution of the residue a fraction capable of being eluted comparatively easily by chromatography, converting the more difficulty elutable fraction into the dihydrobromide of 2-(o -bromobutyl)-3 : 4-diaminothiophane by heating with hydrobromic acid, treating the resulting salt with phosgene in the presence of alkali and the product successively with potassium cyanide and a saponifying agent, and, after acidification, isolating the 2 - (o  - carboxybutyl) - 3 : 4 - (imidazolidone - 21) - thiophane in crystalline form, e.g. by esterification, crystallization of the ester from the eluate after chromatographic purification, and saponification.  In an example, the procedure described for the preparation of Sample II of Specification 589,210 is followed up to the point of adsorbing the benzene solution of the diurethane on to an aluminium oxide column, and, after elution with benzene, a second fraction is eluted with chloroform, the eluate evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, the product heated with hydrobromic acid solution, excess of which is evaporated in vacuo, the residue is dissolved in aqueous caustic soda and treated with a solution of phosgene in toluene, the product is isolated and refluxed with potassium cyanide in ethyl alcohol, the product is saponified with aqueous potassium hydroxide, the acid is liberated with hydrochloric acid, dissolved in methyl alcohol and esterified with diazomethane, a solution of the ester in chloroform is adsorbed on to an aluminium oxide column, which is washed with chloroform and then eluted with acetone, the purified ester is crystallized from the eluate, recrystallized from ethyl acetate or a methyl alcohol-ether mixture and saponified with aqueous caustic soda, and the sterically uniform dl-2-(o -carboxybutyl)-3 : 4-(imidazolidone-21)-thiophane is liberated with hydrochloric acid.
Patent GB-114640-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in connection with Reinforced Concrete Pit-props and like Supports.
Inventor: SEWARD EDWIN
IPC: E21D15/02
Filed: 1917-03-06
Abstract: 114,640. Seward, E. March 6, 1917. Mine props.-A reinforced-concrete pit prop or like support consists of a column or strut in which the longitudinal rods B are combined with metal keeps or spacing-members such as collars C, Fig. 4, or wire hoops e, Fig. 5. The rods are passed through holes in the collars, or are secured to the hoops by a wire binding f. The reinforcement is sheathed from end to end with expanded metal, wire netting, or spiral wiring b. The roof or base support blocks G, Fig. 7, also reinforced with rods, keeps, and sheathing, are formed at the ends with notches K to engage corresponding bevelled ends K<1> on the props, and on their upper or lower faces may have grooves or flats to receive wedges. Independent wedges may be applied on the upper ends of the props, and the lower ends may be made convex.
Patent GB-1412291-A (GB)
Title: 2-nitro-indan-1,3-diones methods for their preparation and anti-allergic compositions containing them
IPC: A61K31/04
Filed: 1972-01-25
Abstract: 1412291 2-Nitro-indan-1,3-ones BEECHAM GROUP Ltd 7 Dec 1972 [25 Jan 1972 22 March 1972 20 June 1972 18 Oct 1972] 3348/72 13300/72 28707/72 and 48027/72 Heading C2C [Also in Division A5] Novel compounds I and salts thereof in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are selected from hydrogen, C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, phenyl, pyridyl or halogen or any two groups ortho to each other may be joined to form a carbocyolic ring which may be substituted by one or more C 1-6  alkyl, C 1-6  alkoxy, phenyl, pyridyl or halogen substituents, with the proviso that not all R 1  to R 4  are hydrogen or that when (i) R 1  is chloro, bromo or methyl (ii) R 2  is methoxy, chloro, bromo or iodo, or (iii) R 1  and R 2  are methoxy, the remainder cannot be hydrogen, are prepared by nitration of compound III preferably with fuming nitric acid. Compounds I prepared are the 5,5-dimethyl; 4-methoxy; 4- n- or iso-butoxy; 4,6-dimethyl; 5-methyl; 4- fluoro; 4-ethoxy; 4-methoxy-7-methyl; 4-bromo; 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro; 4-n or iso-propyloxy, 4,7-dimethyl; 4-ethyl; 4-methoxy-6-methyl; 5-phenyl; 4-phenyl-5-methoxy-6-methyl derivatives of 2- nitro-1,3-dione and 2-nitrocyclohexano[e]-, cyclopentano[e]-, benz[e]- or [f]-indan-1,3-dione. Compounds III are prepared by (1) Claisen condensation with ethyl acetate of a compound IV: in which R is an inert substituent and X is an alkyl group; (2) reaction of a compound V: in which R 1  and R 2  are 4- and 7-alkyl or alkoxy groups with sodium methoxide, or (3) Knoevenagal reaction of a halogen substituted phthalic anhydride with ethyl or t-butyl acetoacetate. Compounds V are produced by reaction of an appropriate phthalic anhydride with acetic anhydride. Compounds I inhibit antigen-antibody reactions.
Patent GB-755639-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of compounds with anion-exchange properties
IPC: B01J41/12
Filed: 1954-02-05
Abstract: An anion exchange material as claimed in the parent Specification is modified by suitable selection of the raw materials so that 10-60 per cent of the groups attached to the sulphur atoms of the sulphonium groups are aryl or alkylaryl, the remainder being alkoxyaryl. Preferably a low molecular weight sulphonium compound is prepared by reacting sulphur dioxide or a thionyl halide with a mixture of an alkoxy aryl compound and an aryl or alkaryl compound, e.g. toluene or xylene, in the presence of sufficient of a substance promoting catinoid substitution, e.g. AlCl3, to ensure that the derived proportion of aryl or alkaryl compound enters the molecule and the sulphonium compound is then reacted with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-yielding substance in presence of sulphuric acid.  In preparing the sulphonium compound excess aromatic hydrocarbon will act as an inert solvent.  The products may be obtained as foils or may be broken and screened to grains.  Pellets may be obtained by dispersing the ingredients in an indifferent solvent.  In example (1) AlCl3 was dissolved in anisole and toluene and dry gaseous SO2 was introduced.  After stirring with rise of temperature the mixture was poured into water and steam introduced with removal of toluene.  The sulphonium salt having 45 per cent methoxyphenyl and 55 per cent methyl phenyl group attached to S was extracted with chloroform and condensed to a resin with paraformaldehyde and H2SO4.  Example 2 is similar with benzene instead of toluene.  Example 3 is similar to Example 1. In Example 4 a sulphonium salt as in Example 3 (2 methoxy and 1 methyl phenyl group per S atom) was mixed with trianisyl sulphonium chloride and condensed with paraformaldehyde in presence of H2SO4.  Example 5 is similar to Example 1 with xylene replacing toluene and the sulphonium salt containing about 1.8 methoxy groups per molecule.  The products are particularly effective for removing silicic acid from water.ALSO:Sulphonium compounds in which 10-60 per cent of the groups attached to S are aryl or alkaryl the remainder being alkoxyaryl are prepared by reacting SO2 or thionyl halide with a mixture of an alkoxy aryl compound and an aryl or alkaryl compound in presence of such an amount of substance promoting cationoid substitution that the desired amount of each compound enters into reaction.  In Examples 1, 3, 4 AlCl3 was dissolved in anisole and toluene.  Dry SO2 was introduced at 0 DEG  C. and stirring continued while the temperature was raised to 50 DEG  C.  The mixture was poured into water, toluene distilled off and the sulphonium compound having 45 per cent methoxyphenyl and 55 per cent methyl phenyl groups attached to S was extracted with chloroform from the aqueous solution.  Example 2 is similar using benzene in place of toluene, and Example 5 uses a mixture of anisole and xylene.
Patent GB-143191-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for indicating the moisture in cereals or other substances
IPC: G01N25/14
Filed: 1920-02-04
Abstract: 143,191. Soc. Anon. des Grands Moulins Vilgrain, and Chopin, M. May 9, 1919, [Convention date] Hygrometric apparatus. - The quantity of moisture in grain &c. is measured by passing the grain through a heating chamber and measuring the pressure of the vapour evolved. The cylindrical heating chamber 1 is contained within a bath 20 heated by an electric resistance 21 and maintained at constant temperature by the regulator 22. At the ends of the chamber 1 are oscillatory valves 9, 10 for intermittingly feeding and discharging the grain, and within the chamber is a perforated tube 4 closed at its ends. The vapour from the grain passes into the tube 5 and thence into a conduit 6 containing a reducing nozzle 7, the "up-stream" side of which is connected to a pressure gauge 18. The vapour then passes through the condenser 13 provided with a tube 17 open to the atmosphere. The valves 9, 10 are operated by sprockets 23, 24 connected by a chain 25 to which are attached on the one side a weight 26 and on the other side a vessel 27 containing an automatic siphon 30 and supplied with water from a constant-level tank 29. The tank 29 is adjustable along a scale 31 according to the specific gravity of the grain &c. under test. In a modification, the accumulated vapour is periodically discharged and the maximum pressure of discharge is measured; or the liquid collected from the condenser 13 may be measured.
Patent GB-634153-A (GB)
Title: Process for the recovery of ammonia from ammonia-containing gas
IPC: C01C1/12
Filed: 1946-02-04
Abstract: In constant temperature crystallization processes, e.g. as described in Specification 615,641 and U.S.A.  Specification 2,375,922 where supersaturation is effected by absorption of a component of the solute from a gas, e.g. ammonia, and where the content of the solute in the crystal-free supersaturated solution formed initially from the unsaturated solution tends to build up p  to the supersolubility concentration for an unseeded solution, salting out is prevented by constantly contacting said solution with said gas in a sufficiently superheated state that the gas effluent from said solution is in an unsaturated condition and the spray which it picks up is dehydrated thereby to the supersolubility concentration whereby crystals form in said spray and are returned with the gas to the solution to form seed crystals therein, continuing the circulation of superheated gas until a body of crystals is built up and desuperheating the gas before equilibrium conditions are obtained.  Graphs showing a time concentration curve for operating a crystallizing operation are given and are of a similar nature to those employed for the Miers "Supersolubility Curve" (J. Inst. Metals 37, 331, 1927) and Ting's curve (Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 26, pp. 1201-1207, 1934). The Figure illustrates the process as applied to the recovery of ammonia from coke oven &c. gases by passage through a saturated ammonium solution, the apparatus being similar to that described in Specification 615,641.  The solution is contained in a saturator bowl 1 covered by a hood 9 provided with a cracker pipe 7 having depending slots 8 through which the coke oven gas introduced through inlets 6 passes into the solution. The crystal containing solution is withdrawn through suction heads 11 and pipe 12 to a separator (not shown) and recycled through line 13 while the solution is <PICT:0634153/III/1> constantly withdrawn into a suction head 3 by a pump 4 which recycles it to the bottom of the bowl through a pipe 5. The effluent gas is vented through pipe 10.  Data are given in the Specification as to the correlation of the supply of coke oven gas, rate of withdrawal, recirculation of the solution &c.
Patent GB-710580-A (GB)
Title: Tamping or stemming plug
IPC: F42D1/18
Filed: 1952-02-11
Abstract: 710,580. Tamping plugs. MORTON, S. A. Feb. 11, 1952. No. 3569/52. Class 9(1) A tamping plug has an outer casing 5 of flexible fireproof material, which may be waterproof, filled with rock wool 6 sprayed with a mineral oil. The rock wool is mixed with pulverized ashes, sawdust or cork.
Patent GB-489962-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to rotary electric switches
IPC: H01H19/11
Filed: 1937-02-06
Abstract: 489,962. Snap - action switches; cams. DIAMOND H SWITCHES, Ltd., and TURNER, C. A. Feb. 6, 1937, No. 3619. [Class 38 (v)] [Also in Group XXIV] In a turn-button switch such as is used with electric cookers, a snap-action device for indicating to the operator by feel that the switching movements have taken place consists of two cams having limited relative movement on the switch spindle and spring-pressed balls cooperating with the cams. Tappets 22<1>, 23<1> and 24<1> pass through the base 19 of an insulating casing 15 into a contact chamber 20<1> enclosed by an insulating plate 21, in which they engage spring switch arms 22, 23, and 24 which when depressed open the contacts P. Cams 22<11>, 23<11>, and 24<11> which engage the tappet heads are, with the indicating device, carried on a spindle 10 which is journalled in a bracket 33 and a bush 31 both mounted in a metal cover 27, the whole forming a removable operating mechanism. The indicating device shown in Figs. 1, 6 comprises two cams 42 and 43 with pointed lobes 42<1> and depressions 42<11>, rigidly fixed to the spindle 10 which carries a handle (not shown), and between them a cam 44 of similar shape but with larger lobes 44<11> loosely mounted on spindle 10 and connected to the cams 42 and 43 by a lost motion pin-andslot device 46 and 46<1>. The spindle 10 can be rotated to carry cams 42 and 43 in either direction from the normal position wherein spring pressed balls 48 engage depressions in all three cams, until the pin 46, reaching the end of slot 46, pulls round cam 44. The balls 48 are pressed aside until the points of lobes 441 engage and pass the balls which move back to rotate the cam 44 with a snap action. Thus the operator is advised that the switch has been operated, while the balls pressing into the next depressions correctly locate the spindle. Specifications 443,488, 455,423 ; 455,929. [Group XI], and 457,062 are referred to.
Patent GB-419784-A (GB)
Title: Thermionic amplifiers
IPC: H03H11/32
Filed: 1934-02-03
Abstract: 419,784. Valve amplifying circuits. HAZELTINE CORPORATION, 15, Exchange Place, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A.- (Assignees of Wheeler, H. A. ; 18, Melbourne Road, Great Neck, New York, U.S.A.) Feb. 3, 1934, No. 3620. Convention date, March 10, 1933. [Class 40 (v).] The input to a push-pull amplifier is obtained from an amplifier valve with two output electrodes, means being provided to maintain the output current constant. The Figure shows an arrangement in which a resistance 14 is connected in series with the cathode and a grid 12<1> is biassed to be slightly negative with regard to the cathode to maintain the output current constant. The average current to the main output electrode 12<2> is preferably two-thirds of the total current to both output electrodes and the load resistances 15, 17 are proportioned to give equal voltages to the grids of the valves 19, 19<1>. Numerical values of the components used are given in the Specification.
Patent GB-1010767-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for collecting fractions separated by gas-chromatography
Inventor: CROSS LEONARD HERBERT
IPC: G01N30/82
Filed: 1963-01-29
Abstract: 1,010,767. Automatically collecting gas chromatography fractions. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Jan. 8, 1964 [Jan. 29, 1963], No. 3627/63. Heading B1L. An apparatus for collecting gas chromatography fractions comprises a detector which feeds signals to a recorder to give a chromatogram, a two position switch actuated by the recorder at any desired level rising or falling on the chromatogram. which switch is connected to another two position switch in such a way that an electric motor can be switched on or off by the first switch irrespective of the position of the second, the electric motor driving a multi-station stop-dwell-go mechanism which is connected to a rotary valve assembly having a stationary upper face with an inlet port leading to the discharge end of the detector and a lower rotating member having a plurality of exit ports which are aligned sequentially and automatically by the apparatus with the inlet port according to the fractions which emerge from the column. In a specific embodiment, Fig. 2, recorder R actuates switch S1 to start motor E, by moving from B to A when the electrical signal in the recorder rises above a certain value, i.e. a fraction is being eluted from the column. The motor moves the stop-dwell-go mechanism e.g. a Geneva mechanism which turns valve V to the first collecting station or exit port. After positioning the valve V; the mechanism moves a little more and thus cam F moves switch S2 from C to D and thereby stops motor E. The motor remains stationary until the electrical signal in the recorder drops below a certain value, i.e. termination of the fraction, and then is started by the recorder moving S1 from A to B. The valve is then moved on to the next receiving station after which cam F again operates S2 and stops the motor. This sequence of. operations is recommenced when the recorder signal again rises. In modifications of the apparatus, electrical circuits are described and illustrated which provide for timedelays to operate at the beginning and end of each fraction so that spurious peaks due to pressure fluctuations do not actuate the collecting device. In another modification, when the mechanism arrives at its final station, it actuates a pump which injects another sample into the column. During this operation a time delay cuts out the recorder and the detectorbridge so that the bridge is not unbalanced. Fig. 8 shows a plan of the rotatable collecting head, items 1, 3, 5 &c. are connected to exit ports while items 2, 4, 6 &c. are connected to a trough T which is connected to exit port 11. This trough catches and removes the "tailings" in between peaks.
Patent GB-1069092-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to oscillators
Inventor: SPRAGG ROBERT CLAUDE
IPC: H03L5/00
Filed: 1963-01-29
Abstract: 1,69,092. Automatic voltage control. RANK ORGANISATION Ltd. Jan. 23, 1964 [Jan. 29, 1963], No. 3653/63. Heading G3R. The output-amplitude of an oscillator is maintained constant by controlling the D. C. supply to said oscillator in dependence upon output variations. As shown, an oscillator 10 is supplied from a high tension line 17 over a series regulating transistor 15. A smoothed and rectified potential proportional to the output-amplitude is derived from the circuit 11, 12, 13 and is compared with a reference voltage derived from a source 14 containing Zener diodes. The resulting difference voltage is applied to the transistor 15 which thus controls the input voltage to the oscillator 10 in a sense to maintain the outputamplitude constant. The source 14 may be temperature-sensitive to compensate for variations in oscillator output due to temperature changes.
Patent GB-551782-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to pipe joints
IPC: F16L21/04
Filed: 1942-03-20
Abstract: 551,782. Pipe joints. DRESSER MANUFACTURING CO. March 20, 1942, No. 3737. Convention date, Jan. 17, 1941. [Class 99 (i)] A joint between a bell-shaped end 20 of piping and a spigot end 21 comprises a gasket 25 adapted to be expanded between the bell and spigot by drawing together follower rings 23, 24 by bolts 26, the outer follower having projections 24b for engagement with bayonet grooves 20a, 20c in the bell. The gasket may be strengthened by flexible coils 25b, or by an external layer of lead, canvas, &c. The joint may be covered in with plastic or cementitious material. The heads 26a of the bolts may be flush with the end of the bell 20, and may for this purpose be countersunk in the follower 24. In another form the projections 24b are replaced by radially sliding pins. Closure members or L or T connections may be attached to a pipe by similar joints.
Patent GB-268920-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to shuttles for looms
IPC: D03J5/08
Filed: 1926-02-10
Abstract: 268,920. Anderson, J. G. Feb. 10, 1926. Shuttles.-When the shuttle peg c is turned into the shuttle, two spring arms g secured in - the usual recess by means of the usual hinge pin and stop pin f engage the flange &c. on the bobbin or pirn to prevent this from rotating. The arms have curved forward extensions g<1> bent inwardly at the ends g<2> to prevent endwise move- -ment of the bobbins &c., the top ends of the arms being flared outwardly at g<3> to facilitate entry of the collar &c. The inner faces of the arms may be serrated &c. The arms may be connected by a slit web g<4> forming a spring tongue replacing the usual shuttle spring; or projections on the arms may be used in place of this spring.