Patent GB-874182-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to shortenings
IPC: A21D2/16
Filed: 1958-02-05
Abstract: A stable, fluid shortening composition comprises an edible oil and about 1 to 8% by weight of a stearine comprising polyacid triglycerides of the formula: (C3H5O3)R1R2R3 where R1 is an acyl group of a C20 to C16 saturated fatty acid, R2 and R3 are acyl groups of C16 to C26, preferably of saturated C16 to C18, fatty acids, at least one of R2 and R3 being different from R1, at least 25%, preferably 40%, mol. of the stearine is tri-acid glyceride in which R1, R2, R3 are different from each other, and the stearine has an iodine value not greater than 20.  The viscosity of the composition should not be greater than 5000 centipoises at 70 DEG F.  The composition may include 0.5 to 5.0% of a monoglyceride emulsifying agent.  Oils specified are cottonseed, soy bean, corn, olive and groundnut oils.  According to an example, a fluid shortening composition was prepared from 93.8 parts of winterized cottonseed oil, 5 parts of a hydrogenated stearine (iodine value 20) obtained by solvent winterization of groundnut oil and 1.2 parts of lard stearine distilled monoglyceride emulsifier of melting point 72.3 DEG C., by heating the mixture to 80 DEG C. and cooling slowly to 29 DEG C. for 16 hours in an ambient temperature maintained at 29 DEG C.; samples of the composition retained good fluidity after storage for one week at 60 DEG , 70 DEG  and 95 DEG F., respectively.ALSO:A stable, fluid shortening composition comprises an edible oil e.g. cottonseed oil, and about 1 to 8% by weight of a stearine comprising poly acid triglycerides of the formula: (C3H5O3) R1 R2 R3 where R1 is an acyl group of a saturated fatty acid having 20 to 26 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are acyl groups of fatty acids having 16 to 26 carbon atoms, at least one of R2 and R3 being different from R1, at least 25, preferably 40 % mol of the stearine is tri-acid glyceride in which R1, R2 and R3 are different from each other and the stearine has an iodine value not greater than 20.  The viscosity of the composition preferably is not greater than 5000 centipoises at 70 DEG F. According to an example, a fluid shortening composition was prepared from 93,8 parts of winterized cottonseed oil, 5 parts of a hydrogenated stearine (iodine value 20) obtained by solvent winterization of groundnut oil and 1,2 parts of lard stearine distilled monoglyceride emulsifier of melting point 72,3 DEG C, by heating the mixture to 80 DEG C and cooling slowly to 29 DEG C for 16 hours in an ambient temperature maintained at 29 DEG C; samples of the composition retained good fluidity after storage for one week at 60 DEG , 70 DEG  and 95 DEG F, respectively.ALSO:High-volume cakes containing a high ratio of sugar to flour and having an even, close grain, tender crust and soft-texture, are made with the aid of a stable, fluid shortening composition comprising an edible liquid oil, such as cottonseed oil, and about 1 to 8% of a stearine comprising polyacid triglycerides of the formula (C3H5O3)R1R2R3 where R1 is an acyl group of a saturated fatty acid having 20 to 26 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are acyl groups of fatty acids having 16 to 26 carbon atoms, at least one of R2 and R3 being different from R1, and at least 25 mol. per cent of the stearine being tri-acid triglycerides in which R1, R2 and R3 are different from each other, the stearine, which should have an iodine value not greater than 20, is preferably a hydrogenated stearine obtained by solvent winterization of groundnut oil.  Cake-making formulations are described.