baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2048036-B1 (ES)
Title: Acondicionador de aire con modo de deshumidificacion.
Inventor: SHAPIRO-BARUCH IAN M
IPC: F24F3/153
Filed: 1991-07-26
Granted: 1996-03-16
Abstract: ACONDICIONADOR DE AIRE CON MODO DE DESHUMIDIFICACION, CAPAZ DE ENFRIAR Y DESHUMIDIFICAR EL AIRE DENTRO DE UN ESPACIO A ACONDICIONAR Y TAMBIEN DE DESHUMIDIFICAR AIRE DENTRO DEL ESPACIO SIN ENFRIAMIENTO SENSIBLE DEL AIRE; TIENE DOS INTERCAMBIADORES CALORIFICOS INTERIORES Y DOS INTERCAMBIADORES CALORIFICOS EXTERIORES; EN SU MODO DE REFRIGERACION, FUNCIONA POR COMPRESION DE VAPOR, FUNCIONANDO AMBOS INTERCAMBIADORES CALORIFICOS EXTERIORES COMO UN SOLO CONDENSADOR Y AMBOS INTERCAMBIADORES CALORIFICOS INTERIORES COMO UN SOLO EVAPORIZADOR; UNA VALVULA INVERSORA DE CUATRO VIAS CAMBIA PARA ALINEARLO A SU MODO DE DESHUMIDIFICACION, SIENDO DIRIGIDO REFRIGERANTE CALIENTE DIRIGIDO A UN INTERCAMBIADOR INTERIOR ANTES DE LLEGAR A UN INTERCAMBIADOR EXTERIOR QUE CONTINUA FUNCIONANDO COMO CONDENSADOR; EL REFRIGERANTE ENFRIADO CIRCUNVALA EL SEGUNDO INTERCAMBIADOR EXTERIOR ANTES DE PASAR POR EL SEGUNDO INTERCAMBIADOR INTERIOR QUE CONTINUA FUNCIONANDO COMO EVAPORADOR. APLICACION PREFERENTE PARA ACONDICIONADORES DE AIRE DE HABITACIONES.
Patent ES-2056014-B1 (ES)
Title: Productos de ladrilleria con un contenido de arcilla de puertos.
Inventor: BAATJER KLAUS
IPC: C04B33/13
Filed: 1992-03-27
Granted: 1995-03-01
Abstract: PRODUCTOS DE LADRILLERIA CON UN CONTENIDO DE ARCILLA DE PUERTOS. LA PRESENTE INVENCION SE REFIERE A PRODUCTOS DE LADRILLERIA CARACTERIZADOS POR TENER UN CONTENIDO DE ARCILLA DE PUERTOS, ES DECIR, DE ARCILLA EXTRAIDA DE LOS FONDOS MARINOS DE LOS PUERTOS. LA ARCILLA DE PUERTOS PUEDE CONSTITUIR HASTA EL 50% DE LA MASA TOTAL DE DICHOS PRODUCTOS DE LADRILLERIA Y ELLO PERMITE DOTAR DE UNA FINALIDAD PRODUCTIVA A LA ARCILLA QUE PERIODICAMENTE SE EXTRAE DE LOS FONDOS DE LOS PUERTOS.
Patent ES-2069470-B1 (ES)
Title: Betun con bajo contenido en asfaltenos, utilizacion y aplicaciones.
Inventor: SANCHEZ CABA JESUS
IPC: C08F244/00
Filed: 1993-05-07
Granted: 1996-03-01
Abstract: BETUN CON BAJO CONTENIDO EN ASFALTENOS, UTILIZACION Y APLICACIONES. SE DESCRIBEN COMPOSICIONES FORMULADAS CON BETUNES, ACEITES, RESINAS, POLIMEROS TERMOPLASTICOS, ESTABILIZADORES DE LUZ ULTRAVIOLETA Y ANTIOXIDANTES. LAS COMPOSICIONES DESCRITAS PRESENTAN PROPIEDADES SIMILARES A LAS DE LOS BETUNES PROCEDENTES DE LA DESTILACION DEL PETROLEO CON LA VENTAJA DE QUE PUEDEN PIGMENTARSE EN MASA. SE INDICAN DIVERSAS APLICACIONES DEL PRODUCTO TANTO EN LA CONSTRUCCION DE PAVIMENTOS COMO EN EL CAMPO DE LA IMPERMEABILIZACION.
Patent ES-2112684-B1 (ES)
Title: Muñeco perfeccionado para simular acciones fisiologicas con dispositivo sonoro.
Inventor: JUAN PEREZ JESUS
IPC: A63H3/24
Filed: 1994-02-10
Granted: 1998-12-01
Abstract: MUÑECO PARA SIMULAR ACCIONES FISIOLOGICAS CON DISPOSITIVO SONORO. SE PROPORCIONA UN MUÑECO CON UN DEPOSITO INTERIOR (6) ALOJADO EN UNA PIERNA DE MUÑECO (7) QUE PUEDE LLENARSE DE LIQUIDO POR MEDIO DE UN BIBERON DE JUGUETE (B) Y EXPULSARSE SU CONTENIDO POR PRESION SOBRE DICHA PIERNA (6) A TRAVES DE UN ORIFICIO (9) PREVISTO EN LA ZONA GENITAL (10) DEL MUÑECO, TODO ELLO EN CONJUNCION DE UN CIRCUITO ELECTRONICO DE MANDO (12) EN FORMA DE CONMUTADOR ELECTRONICO QUE ALIMENTA CORRIENTE A UN DISPOSITIVO SONORO (13) CUANDO ESTA CERRADO UN INTERRUPTOR DE GRAVEDAD (11) PREVISTO EN UNA PIERNA DE MUÑECO Y QUE CORTA EL SUMINISTRO DE CORRIENTE CON UN RETARDO (R1C1) CUANDO DICHO INTERRUPTOR DE GRAVEDAD ESTA ABIERTO. LAS PIERNAS DE MUÑECO (7) ESTAN ARTICULADAS PARA PERMITIR POSICIONES YACENTE Y SENTADA DEL MUÑECO.
Patent ES-2121493-B1 (ES)
Title: Conjunto de piston y cilindro y procedimiento y dispositivo para cerrar un conjunto de piston y cilindro.
Inventor: RUDLOFF WERNER
IPC: F16F9/36
Filed: 1994-09-27
Granted: 1999-06-01
Abstract: CONJUNTO DE PISTON Y CILINDRO, Y PROCEDIMIENTO Y DISPOSITIVO PARA CERRAR UN CONJUNTO PISTON Y CILINDRO. ESTE CONJUNTO ES EN ESPECIAL UN AMORTIGUADOR DE VIBRACIONES QUE COMPRENDE UN TUBO CILINDRICO, EN EL QUE ESTA SITUADA EN FORMA MOVIL AXIALMENTE UNA BIELA DEL PISTON, ESTANDO LA BIELA DEL PISTON GUIADA POR MEDIO DE UNA GUIA CON JUNTA QUE CIERRA EL TUBO CILINDRICO, UTILIZANDOSE UNA HERRAMIENTA DE CIERRE QUE REBORDEA UN BORDE QUE SOBRESALE POR FUERA DE LA GUIA DE LA BIELA DEL PISTON, TENIENDO EL TUBO CILINDRICO UN BORDE CON FORMA DE TRONCO CONICO QUE RODEA A LA GUIA DE LA BIELA DEL PISTON Y QUE ESTA DIVIDIDO EN SUPERFICIES INDIVIDUALES DE TRONCO CONICO POR MEDIO DE SUPERFICIES PARCIALES DE CIERRE.
Patent ES-2140323-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento para soldar partes de oro y acero inoxidable que pertenecen a objetos de joyeria y relojeria.
Inventor: GONZALEZ ARANDA JOSE
IPC: B23K20/22
Filed: 1997-10-31
Granted: 2000-10-16
Abstract: Procedimiento para soldar partes de oro y acero inoxidable que pertenecen a objetos de joyería y relojería; caracterizado que comprende: desengrasar las piezas a soldar, calentándolas durante 10 segundos hasta alcanzar 80º centígrados para posteriormente aplicar sobre dichas piezas una sustancia líquida compuesta por ácido sulfúrico y agua; confrontar los extremos de las piezas a unir; aplicar un fundente compatible con los materiales de las piezas a unir y con el fundente a utilizar en la soldadura; aplicar calor a las piezas a unir durante 15 ó 20 segundos hasta alcanzar la temperatura entre 220 a 250º centígrados; aplicar el fundente para contactar con la soldadura el punto de unión de las piezas; volver a aplicar calor durante aproximadamente 30 segundos hasta alcanzar la temperatura comprendida entre 280 y 300º centígrados, tanto a las piezas a soldar como a la soldadura a aplicar, hasta que el material de aportación funda entre las dos piezas integrándose en la estructura de ambas y enfriar la soldadura durante varios segundos.
Patent ES-2152865-B1 (ES)
Title: Utilizacion de bisfosfonatos en la preparacion de composiciones farmaceuticas para uso intramuscular.
Inventor: BRUZZESSE TIBERIO
IPC: A61K31/66
Filed: 1998-11-17
Granted: 2001-08-16
Abstract: Utilización de bisfosfonatos en la preparación de formas farmacéuticas destinadas al uso intramuscular. Se describe el uso de sustancias farmacéuticas de la clase de bisfosfonatos en la preparación de formas farmacéuticas para ser administradas por vía intramuscular, en el tratamiento de patologías del sistema esquelético. Los bisfosfonatos a usar incluyen, entre otros, ácido alendrónico, ácido clodrónico, ácido etidrónico, ácido medrónico, ácido pamidrónico y sus sales, aceptables desde el punto de vista farmacológico y farmacéutico. Las formas farmacéuticas en cuestión están especialmente caracterizadas por la presencia de alcohol bencílico.
Patent ES-2156706-B1 (ES)
Title: Perfeccionamientos en la estructura de aerogeneradores.
Inventor: TORRES MARTINEZ MANUEL
IPC: F03D80/80
Filed: 1999-02-09
Granted: 2002-02-16
Abstract: Perfeccionamientos en la estructura de aerogeneradores, según los cuales el cuerpo (1) alojante del generador de electricidad se constituye por una carcasa metálica (5) exteriormente provista con aletas para la disipación del calor, la cual determina por si misma el acoplamiento (16) para la sujeción sobre la respectiva columna (4) sustentadora, incorporando dicha carcasa (5) fijamente dispuestos en su interior unos discos o anillos (7) respecto de los cuales se acopla en el montaje el rotor (3) actuable por el viento, de manera que la mencionada carcasa (5) hace las veces de cubierta del generador, constituyéndose a la vez en soporte del conjunto funcional.
Patent ES-2182619-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento y dispositivo para limpiar un dispositivo aplicador de adhesivo.
Inventor: DUWENDAG RUDIGER
IPC: B05C1/08
Filed: 1999-11-25
Granted: 2004-06-01
Abstract: Procedimiento y dispositivo para limpiar un dispositivo aplicador de adhesivo con cilindros aplicadores de adhesivo alojados de forma que pueden rotar alrededor de ejes verticales, que con una carcasa ajustada a éstos, cuyos cantos laterales hacen contacto o casi hacen contacto en los cilindros aplicadores de adhesivo, forman una cámara de adhesivo, que se caracterizan porque primero se retira el adhesivo de la cámara de adhesivo y a continuación se introduce agua de lavar en la cámara de adhesivo, y porque el agua de lavar se pone en circulación turbulenta alternativamente en sentidos contrarios mediante accionamiento de los cilindros aplicadores de adhesivo y se evacua después de un tiempo de limpieza predeterminado.
Patent FR-2807716-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DA SILVA VICTOR
IPC: F16H59/02
Filed: 2000-04-17
Granted: 2002-06-28
Abstract: A cruciform gate allows the driver to tilt the control lever (1) in a fore-and-aft slot (2), forwards or rearwards, activating sensors (3,4) which, via a calculating unit (5), cause the gearbox (B) to select the next highest, or lowest, ratio, respectively, to that currently engaged. The lever is then recentralized by return springs. The lever can also be displaced, in the gate's transverse slot (6), to the left, activating a further sensor (7) that causes the calculator to select automatic transmission (D), or to the right, where a sensor (8) selects neutral (N). From this last position a short further fore-and-aft slot (Mar) gives access to reverse gear. The actual ratio engaged at any time, and the operating mode, manual or automatic, is indicated to the driver by an illuminated (11,12) dashboard display (10). As with step changes, the transverse actions are followed by automatic recentralizing of the lever. Optionally, they are made stable, so that the driver must reset the lever before initiating any further moves.
Patent FR-2812081-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MARTINS CARLOS
IPC: F28D1/04
Filed: 2000-07-18
Granted: 2003-01-24
Abstract: The module comprises at least two exchangers (1,2) composed of a tube network (5,10) interposed between two manifolds (6,12). The fluid circulation tubes pass through cooling fins (14) which are common to at least two exchangers. The tubes and fins are brazed together. The fins have cut-outs into which the exchanger tubes are introduced.
Patent FR-2833786-B1 (FR)
Inventor: POCHOLLE JEAN PAUL
IPC: H04B10/112
Filed: 2001-12-18
Granted: 2004-02-13
Abstract: The free space optical transmission system has a digital information signal (S(t)) with luminous transmissions (SRC) and an opto electrical detector (DET) detecting a frequency. The transmitter transmits two luminous waves (W0,W1) at two optical frequencies, one of which is modulated in intensity. The detection frequency is the difference between the two signals transmitted.
Patent FR-2839856-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MINATCHY NATHALIE
IPC: A23L2/08
Filed: 2002-05-24
Granted: 2004-08-06
Abstract: Production of banana juice by peeling bananas, blanching the pulp with steam in the absence of oxygen, cooling the pulp, reducing it to a puree, enzymatically hydrolyzing the puree and pressing it to extract juice comprises subjecting exudate from the blanching step to vacuum evaporation, condensing the vaporized water and flavors, and combining the condensate and exudate with the expressed juice.
Patent FR-2842436-B1 (FR)
Inventor: HUSSON MAURICE
IPC: B01F23/70
Filed: 2002-07-17
Granted: 2005-05-06
Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of aqueous suspensions of fluid mineral matter, which are able to be pumped and conveyed by the end user immediately after the filtration stage, possibly followed by a compression, which process comprises filtration in two separate stages. The invention also concerns aqueous suspensions of mineral matter obtained and their uses.
Patent FR-2844513-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DE ROMEUF CHRISTOPHE
IPC: C07K16/28
Filed: 2003-06-12
Granted: 2007-08-03
Abstract: Chimeric or human monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in a cell that is chosen for its glycosylation properties on the Fc fragment, or in which the glycan structure has been modified ex vivo.  Chimeric or human monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced in a cell that is chosen for its glycosylation properties on the Fc fragment, or in which the glycan structure has been modified ex vivo. MAb are obtained by: (a) selection for a level of FcgammaRIII (CD16)-type ADCC (= antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) over 100% at 10 ng/ml, compared to the same antibody produced in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells; and  (b) selection for ability to induce production of at least one cytokine (I) in Jurkat CD16 cells (or effector cells of the immune system that express CD16) over 60, best over 200,% at 10 ng/ml, compared with the same antibody expressed in CHO. An Independent claim is also included for antibodies (Ab1) produced in a rat myeloma cell line, particularly YB 2/0, selected in the same way.
Patent FR-2859256-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CHATRY DIDIER
IPC: F16C33/62
Filed: 2003-08-27
Granted: 2006-11-24
Abstract: The radial bearing (1) consists of outer (3) and inner (4) metal rings with races (5) for rolling bodies (2) such as balls or rollers in a metal cage (6) with a hardness similar to that of the rings. The radial bearing (1) consists of outer (3) and inner (4) metal rings with races (5) for rolling bodies (2) such as balls or rollers in a metal cage (6) with a hardness similar to that of the rings. It also has at least one circular contact ring (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) made from a material with a different hardness to the bearing rings and cage, set in one or more grooves (8) in the bearing rings and preventing any direct contact vbetween the cage and bearing ring(s) with the groove(s). The contact rings can be made from a non-ferrous metal such as a copper alloy or bronze, or from a polymer material.
Patent FR-2859566-B1 (FR)
Inventor: ROUSSEAU FREDERIC
IPC: G10L19/14
Filed: 2003-09-05
Granted: 2010-11-05
Abstract: For the transmission of a secondary information flow between a transmitter and a receiver, the secondary information flow is inserted at a parametric vocoder of the transmitter which generates a main information flow. The main information flow is a speech data flow encoding a speech signal and is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver. Bits from the secondary information flow are inserted into only some of the frames of the main information flow, these frames being selected by a frame mask which is known to the transmitter and the receiver, and/or into a determined frame of the main information flow, by imposing a constraint on only some of the bits of the frame, these bits being selected by a bit mask known to the emitter and the receiver.
Patent FR-2862980-B1 (FR)
Inventor: LETOURNEUR DIDIER
IPC: C07K14/47
Filed: 2003-11-28
Granted: 2006-03-03
Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polymeric hydrogels in the form of grains, essentially comprising biocompatible hydrophilic polysaccharides, for the transport and storage of cells in culture, or of living tissues.
Patent FR-2872154-B1 (FR)
Inventor: KARBOWSKI JEAN PIERRE
IPC: D01G1/00
Filed: 2004-06-28
Granted: 2006-08-04
Abstract: An automatic strand take-up installation includes at least a first gripping member for taking hold of at least one strand bundle, the first gripping member being guided by a first conveying loop to a second gripping member guided by a second conveying loop, the bundle passing from one loop to the other loop due to an operating system for opening and closing the gripping members.
Patent FR-2876601-B1 (FR)
Inventor: JAUNAY CLAUDE
IPC: B05B15/65
Filed: 2004-10-19
Granted: 2006-12-29
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making secure an endpiece comprising the production of an endpiece with nozzle fitted on a fluid-guiding body. During the manufacture of the endpiece, surface irregularities ( 26, 28 ) are formed on the nozzle ( 16 ) and a guide body ( 10 ), and after the endpiece has been produced, an enveloping layer of plastic material ( 30 ) is formed by overmoulding, on at least a major part of the endpiece, in particular on the irregularities ( 26, 28 ), except on an opening ( 32 ) surrounding the spraying orifice ( 18 ) of the nozzle ( 16 ), the opening being sufficiently small for preventing the nozzle ( 16 ) from passing therethrough. The invention is applicable to spray endpieces for therapeutic applications.
Patent FR-2884728-B1 (FR)
Inventor: BRISSON MARC
IPC: B01D35/14
Filed: 2005-04-20
Granted: 2007-07-13
Abstract: The filter unit (1), comprising a housing (2) with a threaded cover (3), a filter element (9) in its inner chamber (4), an inlet (6) and an outlet (7) for the filtered oil, has a separate outlet (8) in its base for draining out the oil when changing the filter. A plate (24) in the housing chamber beneath the filter element has a central spring-loaded tube (28) sliding inside the main outlet (7) and a separate plug (27) that blocks the drainage outlet. When the housing cover is unscrewed and raised the plate is lifted by the spring and the plug lifts to open the drainage outlet and discharge the oil.
Patent FR-2883433-B1 (FR)
Inventor: ROBERT GERARD
IPC: H04B3/04
Filed: 2005-03-21
Granted: 2007-04-20
Abstract: The method involves comparing variations of a feedback voltage of a transponder (4) with threshold values, and transforming the result of the comparison into a value of authorized jump of modulation level. The jump is summed with a preceding modulation level for determining another modulation level. Each modulation level is associated with previously stored threshold values. An independent claim is also included for a device for multilevel demodulation of information transmitted by amplitude modulation by a radio frequency identification reader towards a transponder.
Patent FR-2887910-B1 (FR)
Inventor: TOMAT LAURENT JACQUES
IPC: E04H4/06
Filed: 2005-07-04
Granted: 2007-09-21
Abstract: The device has support consoles each comprising an upper shoe and connected on a wall (12) of a basin of a swimming pool by the shoe situated above water surface. A protection panel (36) is connected on the consoles by a fixation flange (50). The panel comprises safety and finishing sides (S1, S2), where the side (S1) is larger and inclined between the water surface and the wall. A trap (30) is provided to mask a floating drape and prevents access from above, where the drape is wound around a shaft (28).
Patent FR-2903957-B1 (FR)
Inventor: KERGUELEN YANNICK
IPC: B62D25/20
Filed: 2006-07-18
Granted: 2009-05-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for closing a side opening in a motor vehicle, comprising a lower edge (1) of a door, comprising at least one reinforcing element (5) shaped so as to fit the lower edge (2) of a body, which comprises at least one side member (6), the respective shapes of the side member (6) and of the reinforcing element (5) being complementary and able to fit together in such a way as to retain the door in the event of a side impact tending to push the door into the passenger compartment.
Patent FR-2918764-B1 (FR)
Inventor: VACHER CHARLIE
IPC: G01S1/00
Filed: 2007-07-13
Granted: 2009-08-21
Abstract: The method involves calculating a protection limit in a direction from a position, and calculating margin corresponding to shifting of a calculated position with respect to a real position of a mobile body i.e. aircraft (1), that is in a direction. Another protection limit is calculated on the calculated position in a direction opposite to the former direction from the calculated position, by incorporating the margin.
Patent FR-2917713-B1 (FR)
Inventor: COMBES STEPHANE
IPC: B64D27/26
Filed: 2007-06-21
Granted: 2009-09-25
Abstract: An attachment device for an aircraft engine including a rigid structure and an attachment mechanism of the engine onto the rigid structure. The attachment mechanism includes two thrust take-up connecting rods mechanically connected to a spreader, a connection fitting fixed to the rigid structure to which the spreader is mechanically connected by a junction fitting by a connection pin, and an additional fitting to which the connecting rods, the spreader, and the connection fitting are mechanically connected. A clearance is provided at the mechanical link between the connecting rods and the additional fitting, the link between the additional fitting and the connection fitting being made using the connection pin being inserted laterally, orthogonal to the median plane of the attachment device.
Patent FR-2926812-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CHAUMONNOT ALEXANDRA
IPC: C07C2/10
Filed: 2008-01-28
Granted: 2010-04-30
Abstract: Oligomerization of olefinic hydrocarbon charge comprises contacting the charge with a catalyst comprising a silica-alumina, where mass content of silica is 5-95 wt.%, and the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising: mixing an aluminum compound partially soluble in acid medium with at least one silica compound totally soluble in the reaction mixture, which is a combination formed of at least one silica compound and aluminum compound, forming a solid precursor of the catalyst; and hydrothermal treatment of the solid from the mixing step by calcination in moist air for 4-7 hours. Oligomerization of olefinic hydrocarbon charge comprises contacting the charge with a catalyst comprising a silica-alumina, where the mass content of silica of the catalyst is 5-95 wt.%, and the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising: mixing an aluminum compound partially soluble in acid medium with at least one silica compound totally soluble in the reaction mixture, which is a combination formed of at least one silica compound and an aluminum compound, where the silica and aluminum compounds are totally soluble in the reaction mixture, forming a solid precursor of the catalyst; and hydrothermal treatment of the solid resulting from the mixing step by calcination in moist air for 4-7 hours.
Patent FR-2926332-B1 (FR)
Inventor: FOLLIOT PASCAL
IPC: F01N3/18
Filed: 2008-01-11
Granted: 2010-01-01
Abstract: The method involves modifying a set of setpoints concerning the adjustment of an air flow entering in an air intake pipe (2), intake gas pressure and a flow of an exhaust gas recirculation circuit (10), and another set of setpoints concerning fuel injection in cylinders (15), during starting of a four cylinder oil engine (1) of a motor vehicle. An admitted air flow torque and an injection lag are determined, without recycling exhaust gas, with respect to better compromise between exhaust gas temperature and increasing of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide.
Patent FR-2936101-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CHAUDRON VALERY
IPC: H01M50/528
Filed: 2008-09-17
Granted: 2011-09-23
Abstract: The tightening clamps are multifunctional and ensure the transmission of the electric current generated by the fuel cell stack, the insulation of the different ducts and passage openings of the operation fluid of the fuel cell stack, and the tightening of the stack itself. Each clamp comprises a single part, the upper surface and the side surfaces of which, except for the conductors, are coated with an insulating material. Similarly, the supply and discharge openings (23) are also insulated. However, the tightening surface (29) is at least coated with a conductive deposit on a predetermined area corresponding to the conducting areas of the upper surface of the end of the stack. The invention can be used in PEM (“Proton Exchange Membrane”) fuel cells.
Patent FR-2941968-B1 (FR)
Inventor: SICARDY OLIVIER
IPC: C30B28/02
Filed: 2009-02-12
Granted: 2012-01-06
Abstract: The crystallization process comprises partially depositing a crystal material on a substrate (3) having a thin layer (4) to cover the substrate, and subjecting the deposited material and the substrate to a first temperature for a first period of time to release internal stress present in the material and then to a second temperature and uniform bending. The bending and a difference between the first and second temperature values are determined for promoting a crystallographic orientation of the deposited material according to nitrogen direction and a direction normal to the substrate.