Patent GB-391772-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of textile materials
IPC: D06M11/46
Filed: 1931-10-14
Abstract: Textile materials made of or containing artificial silk are delustred by forming substantially water-insoluble titanium compounds thereon or therein by reaction on or in the materials of titanium salts with organic or inorganic salts or bases.  Thus the titanium salt and the salt or base reacting therewith may be successively applied to the material as described in Specification 318,467, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], or one of the reagents, preferably the titanium salt, may be incorporated in the solution from which the silk is produced (cf. Specification 334,563, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.]), and the silk obtained therefrom by wet or dry spinning be subjected to treatment with the other reagent. The artificial silk may be a regenerated cellulose prepared by the viscose or cuprammonium process or a cellulose ester or ether. Specified titanium salts are titanic chloride, sulphate and thiocyanate and titanous chloride and thiocyanate.  When titanous salts are used, oxidation may be effected at any suitable stage. Specified bases for reaction with the titanium salts to produce the oxide or hydroxide are ammonia, alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides, and organic bases, such as primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines or quaternary ammonium bases and specified organic or inorganic salts for reaction with the titanium salts are alkali metal carbonates, phosphates, silicates or borates and alkali or alkaline earth salts of organic acids, e.g. of oleic, stearic, palmitic, lauric and ricinoleic acids, resin acids, tartaric, citric, mucic and saccharic acids, and salts of sulphonic acids or sulphonic-carboxylic acids or sulphuric esters, e.g. sulphonated oils.  The reagents may be applied to the materials in either order, e.g. by bath treatments, padding, spraying or printing, or the second reagent may be applied as a gas or vapour such as ammonia or methylamine. Penetration may be improved by pretreatment of the materials with wetting or swelling agents, or by incorporating such in the reagents.  Specified swelling agents for cellulose ester or ether materials are alkali or alkaline earth thiocyanates, ethyl alcohol, acetone and aromatic hydroxy compounds.  The second reagent may be applied under such conditions as to inhibit or restrain the solution of the first reagent from the materials, especially when the insoluble titanium compound is to be fixed on or near the surface of the materials, in which case strong swelling of the materials in the application of the first reagent is avoided.  Thus in applying the second reagent in a bath treatment it may be applied in an alcoholic or other medium in which the first reagent is insoluble or applied in a solution of a substance such as common salt or potassium chloride, which will diminish the solubility of a first reagent such as a titanium chloride.  The second reagent may also be applied by mechanical impregnation, e.g. by printing or padding, in a limited quantity of a solvent in order to restrain solution of the first reagent. The following examples are specified: (1) A cellulose acetate woven fabric is padded through an aqueous solution containing titanium sulphate and gum arabic, passed slowly through a chamber to which ammonia gas is supplied, soaped for \ba1/2\be hour at 60 DEG C., dyed and dried.  (2) A cellulose acetate yarn is treated for \ba1/2\be hour in a solution of potassium titanium oxalate, centrifuged, treated for \ba1/2\be hour in a solution containing common salt and sodium carbonate, rinsed, dyed and dried.