Patent GB-766202-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in interpolymer compounds
IPC: G03C1/053
Filed: 1955-02-04
Abstract: A resinous quaternary interpolymer comprises (a) from 3.5 to 16 per cent of a compound of the formula <FORM:0766202/IV(a)/1> <FORM:0766202/IV(a)/2> wherein X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (b) from 50 to 60 per cent of a compound of the formula <FORM:0766202/IV(a)/3> wherein R represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyanoalkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen substituted alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (c) from 3.5 to 16 per cent of a compound of the formula <FORM:0766202/IV(a)/4> wherein R has the meaning given above and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and (d) from 12 to 26 per cent of a compound of the formula <FORM:0766202/IV(a)/5> wherein n is 1 to 5, Y represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a dialkylamino group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.  (a) may be 2-vinyl-, 3-vinyl-, 4-vinyl-, 3-methyl-5-vinyl-, 3-methyl-2-vinyl- or 5-bromo-2-vinyl-pyridine or 2-vinyl- or 3-vinyl-quinoline.  (b) may be methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, b -cyanoethyl or b -chloroethyl acrylate or methyl, ethyl, isobutyl, n-butyl or b -cyano-ethyl methacrylate.  (c) may be acrylamide, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-isopropyl, N-n-butyl, or N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl or N-n-butyl methacrylamide.  (d) may be styrene or o-, m- or p-methyl, a -methyl, 2 : 4-dimethyl, 2 : 4 : 5-trimethyl, o-ethyl, 3 : 5-diethyl, p-n-butyl, m.-tert.-butyl, o-, m- or p-cyano, o-nitro, p-dimethylamino, o-chloro, p-chloro, 2 : 3-dichloro, 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6-pentachloro, o-bromo, o-fluoro or p-fluoro styrene.  Polymerization may be effected in aqueous dispersion in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, heat or actinic light.  The catalyst may be benzoyl, acetyl, lauroyl or hydrogen peroxide, sodium, potassium or ammonium persulphate or perborate, an azo-bisnitrile or mixtures thereof.  Batch or continuous processes may be employed.  The copolymer may be obtained in the form of a stable hydrosol by preparing an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble catalyst such as potassium persulphate, a surface-active agent such as a fatty acid soap, sodium or potassium lauryl sulphate, sodium isobutyl-naphthalene sulphonate, a sulphosuccinic ester, g -stearamino-propyl- or dimethyl b -hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride, and dispersing therein the amide component of the monomer mixture, heating the solution to the desired temperature, and adding the other monomers in admixture dropwise to the reaction mixture, and then heating for several hours on a steam bath.  The reaction mixture may also contain an activating agent such as sodium or potassium sulphite, or metabisulphite, and a chain regulator such as hexyl, cetyl, dodecyl or myristyl mercaptan.  The coplymers are good mordants for acid dyes and the hydrosols, which are compatible with aqueous gelatine solutions, may be admixed therewith and the resulting solution used for photographic purposes.