Patent GB-828228-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to automatic control apparatus for engine transmissions
IPC: F16H61/46
Filed: 1956-12-17
Abstract: 828,228. Controlling vehicles. DAIMLER-BENZ A. G. Dec. 17, 1956 [Dec. 16, 1955], No. 38488/56. Class 79(5) [Also in Group XXIX] Automatic control apparatus for an engine driving through a variable speed transmission, comprises a regulator which limits the maximum permitted speed cf the engine in dependence upon output speed from the transmission, in such a manner that the maximum permitted engine speed increases as the output speed increases, and means for cancelling the engine speed limitation and permitting the engine speed to be increased up to maximum engine speed. In the example described the invention is applied to a hydrostatic transmission of a motor vehicle. An engine driven pump P1 and a vehicle driven pump P2 supply oil to a changeover valve R1 comprising component valves 103, 104 urged apart by a spring 102. The valve 103 or 104 under the greater pressure opens to supply pressure to a pipe 1 leading to a pressure regulator D1. A delivery pipe 2 leads to centrifugal governors Dm and Dw driven by the engine and vehicle respectively. The governor Dm comprises stepped pistons 112, 113 and pressure chambers 114, 115. Oil under pressure from pipe 2 entering these chambers urges the pistons 112, 113 towards one another until the cut-off position shown is reached. This effect is opposed by the centrifugal forces on the pistons 112, 113 which tends to increase the inflow from pipe 2 against its oil pressure. The interplay of these forces produces a regulating pressure in pipes 4 and 5. Operation of the governor Dw is similar and produces a regulating pressure in pipes 6, 7. Pipes 5 and 7 lead to a change-over valve R2 comprising component valves 120, 121. The greater of the two pressures opens the corresponding valve 120 or 121 against the action of a spring 122 and connects one of the pipes 5, 7 to a pipe 51. A speed regulating slide valve D2 comprises a differential piston 133 biased to the left by a spring 135. When an accelerator pedal F is operated, the spring 135 is initially stressed by means of a cam 136 and sleeve 136a. If desired this initial stressing can be produced by a handbrake lever H acting through linkage 136b. A limitation regulator Bs limits the engine speed determined by the valve D2 at low vehicle speeds to a maximum which increases with the vehicle road speed. This limitation is inoperative when the accelerator pedal F is fully depressed. An adjusting slide valve Vs initiates shifting of the transmission for forward running. A range selecting slide valve Bw is manually operated and effects the basic shifts for forward running V, idling L and reverse gear R. A change-over slide valve Us disengages a hydrostatic converter Hw during a change-over from forward to reverse gear, in order to obviate undesirable torque reversal. A cut-off slide valve Ss has a composite piston 158 urged to the left by a spring 159. By automatic movement to the right, the valve Ss prevents a change into reverse gear after the vehicle has exceeded a predetermined road speed. A starting slide valve Af is controlled by the rangeselecting valve Bw through the valve Us, and can serve to short-circuit the hydrostatic converter Hw through a chamber 150 and pipes 151a, 151b. The converter Hw transmits power from the engine to the driving axle of the vehicle and comprises a pump P and motor M. An adjusting device Vk regulates the transmission ratio of the converter Hw. The device Vk comprises a piston 152 rigidly secured to a control rod 153, and a piston 154 slidable on the rod 153. Axial movement of rod 153 causes high gear to be engaged at Gs, low gear at Gl and reverse gear at Gr. Operation. With the vehicle stationary and the engine running, pump P2 is stationary and pump P1 delivers a small quantity of oil through valve 103 to a chamber 108 of the pressure regulator D1. A piston 106 is thus moved to the right against spring action to connect the pipe 1 through the regulator D1 to pipe 2. When the pressure in pipe 1 reaches a predetermined value, movement of piston 106 allows the oil delivered by the pump P1 to flow through a chamber 110 and out of the arrangement at 0. If valve Bw is in forward drive position V, pressure in pipe 2 passes through a chamber 141 to a pipe 21 and thence to the speed-regulating valve D2. If the engine is running slowly the pressure in pipe 5 will be low and if it opens valve 120 and reaches valve Af (through pipe 51, valve Bw, pipe 52, valve Us and pipe 54) will be unable to move the piston 148 of valve Af to the left. The piston 148 is therefor in the position shown in Fig. 1 and the pump P of the converter Hw is short-circuited through the chamber 150. Pressure in a chamber 127 of valve Vs maintains its piston 123 in the adjusting device Vk. The piston 154 and pressure in pipe 1 travels through a chamber 126 and pipe 15 to a chamber 155 in the adjusting device Vk. The piston 154 and control rod are therefore in the central position shown in Fig. 1 with the transmission disposed for starting in the low gear Gl. With the slide valve Bw in idling position, communication is blocked both from pipe 51 to pipe 52 and therefore through pipe 54 to the chamber 149, and from pipe 2 to pipe 21, while pipes 11, 12 are interconnected. Hence piston 148 cannot move to the left, i.e. short-circuiting pipes 151a and 151b cannot be closed by the valve Af while chamber 127 of valve Vs is in the pressureless. state, piston 123 of valve Vs then being in the right hand end position (Fig. 2, not shown). Pipes 1 and 15 are interconnected through valves Ss, 11, 139, 12, 146, 13 and 126, so that in this case too the shift device is in the Fig. 1 position provided the vehicle is stationary or moving at low speed. If the vehicle speed increases, pressure in pipe 7 moves piston 158 to the right, chamber 155 empties through pipes 15, 13, 12, 11 and valve Ss, and high gear Gs is engaged. When accelerating from rest with the valve Bw in position V, the speed of Dm increases and pressure built up in pipe 5 passes through R2, 51, 140, 52, 147 and 54 to move piston 148 to the left and cause the converter Hw to transmit power. While the vehicle is running the pressure in pipe 2 tends to move the piston 152 towards high gear position but is prevented so long as the pressure from pipe 1 is acting in chamber 155. Operation of the pedal F controls the pressure reaching the regulator Bs through the pipe 3 from pipe 21, and therefore controls the position of a differential piston 128 of the regulator Bs. The piston 128 controls communication between pipes 3 and 31, thereby controlling the pressure applied to the valve Vs which sets the engine speed by means of the shift device Vk. The position of valve Vs is determined by the equilibrium between vehicle-speed-dependent pressure in pipe 31 and engine-speed-dependent pressure in pipe 4, the piston 123 being displaced to the right when a specific engine speed is exceeded. This limits the engine speed for any given vehicle speed. By depressing the pedal F fully (Fig. 3, not shown) the piston 133 is moved to the extreme left hand position thereby allowing oil from pipe 21b to flow through pipe 22 into chamber 129 of the regulator Bs. The piston 128 is thus moved to its extreme right-hand position thereby connecting the pipes 3 and 31 through 32 and cancelling the speed limitation by the regulator Bs.