baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-841193-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of p-n junction devices
Inventor: HALL ROBERT NOEL
IPC: C30B15/20
Filed: 1956-06-14
Abstract: 841,193. Semi-conductor devices. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. June 14, 1956, No. 18423/56. Addition to 752,457. Class 37. In a method of forming a PN junction as claimed in the parent Specification, in which a portion of a semi-conductor body containing both a donor and an acceptor, is melted, the semi-conductor material is germanium or silicon, the donors and acceptors consist of B, Al, Ga, Jn, P, As or Sb and the concentration of each of these impurities in the melt from which the Ge or Si crystal is grown lies within a specified range. The ranges are as follows : 0À001-1 Á gm. B; 0À6 Ágm.-6 mgm. Al; 1À4 Ágm.-14 mgm. Ga; 200 Ágm.-20 gm. In; 0À26 Ágm.-2 mgm. P; 1À8 Ágm-50 mgm. As ; 40 Ágm.-13 gm. Sb in 100 gms. of Ee or À34 Ágm.-5 mgm. B; 360Ágm.-20 gm. Al; 370 Ágm.-20 gm. Ga; 8 mg.-20 gm. In; 5À6 Ágm.-140 mg. P ; 7À6 Ágm.-110 mg. As; 48 Ágm.-2À7 gm. Sb per 100 gms. of Si. To form a PN junction, the weight ratio of one activator to the other must lie between the ratio of their atomic weights times the inverted ratios of their segregation coefficients and the atomic weight ratio times the square of the inverted segregation coefficient ratio. Combinations of donors and acceptors which may be used to provide a weak re-crystallised N-region on a strong P-type body are P-Al; P-Ga; Sb-In; and In-As ; in Ge and P-Al; P-Ga; P-In; As-Al ; As-Ga ; As-In ; Sb-Al; Sb-Ga; and Sb-In in Si. Combinations to produce a weak re-crystallised P-resin on a strong N-type body are B-P; B-As ; B-Sb ; Al-As; Ga-As ; and Ga-Sb in Ge. The relative change in segregation coefficients with change in crystal growth rate may be used to provide two PN junctions in the body. Fig. 2 shows an N-type Ge body containing Sb and Ga, in which the top portion was melted and recrystallised, the first recrystallised region being P-type and then, due to the increase in crystal growth rate, the next portion to recrystallise was of N-type conductivity. This effect may also be obtained by using B-As; B-Sb; or B-P in Ge or S or Al-Sb, Al-As, Ga-Sb in Ge. For the two PN junction embodiments, the weight ratio of donor to acceptor in the melt preferably lies between 0À5 and 1 À times the atomic weight ratio times the square of the inverted segration coefficient ratio. The invention is applicable to diodes and transistors and reference is made to the use of nickel, aluminium and gold-antimony electrodes. Specification 738,231 is referred to. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 781,795.
Patent GB-200354-A (GB)
Title: An improved agricultural implement for splitting ridges
IPC: A01C5/06
Filed: 1922-07-06
Abstract: 200,354. Martin, W. E. July 6, 1922. Multiple-furrow ploughs; rollers, adaptation of; lifting main frames manually.-An implement for splitting ridges comprises splitting bodies fixed to the rear of a main frame, concave rollers mounted on an axle carried by an inclined subsidiary frame pivoted on the main frame, and means for turning the subsidiary frame about its pivot to raise or lower the main frame and the bodies. The main frame comprises two parallel members a, two inclined members b, a cross-stay d, and a rear transverse bar c to which the bodies f are adjustably connected. It is provided with a draught pole c, or with shafts. The inclined subsidiary frame carrying the roller axle h comprises a U-shaped bar g pivoted at the rear and provided with a spring l' and with an adjusting lever k and quadrant l. An extended cross-bar m carries scrapers n. The rollers i are each made in three pieces and are adjustable along the axle h. A steering handle p is fixed on the bar e.
Patent GB-279540-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with magneto electric machines
IPC: H02K21/10
Filed: 1926-07-26
Abstract: 279,540. North, R. B., and Allen, A. Massey-. July 26, 1926. Inductor and magneto - electric machines.-In a magneto of the inductor or wound armature type having an induction coil, the secondary winding is wound in two portions in series in separate compartments of a duplex bobbin having integral end flanges and an integral intermediate partition separating the two winding portions. The inner layers of the winding portions are joined by a wine passing through the partition. The application to an inductor machine is shown in Fig. 1, in which c represents the primary coil wound on a member a of the magnetic circuit. The secondary d is wound on a bobbin f, which may be slipped over the primary coil when wound and which has a central flange f<1>. In winding, a portion of the wire is first passed through the flange f<1> at g and the portion B is wound. The wire is then severed at the reel and joined to the end at g, and, after the bobbin has been reversed end for end, the portion A is wound. The ends x may be connected to two spark plugs y with their mid-point earthed at E for dual ignition. Figs. 2 and 3 show a wound shuttle armature in which the primary coil c is wound on a reduced portion of the central member a, the secondary coil d being wound in two parts, as above described, on a bobbin f which is slipped over the primary winding. The ends of the member a are then inserted in the laminated cross-members j, and these, together with the end caps l, m are secured by bolts k and nuts. The outer extremities of the two parts of the secondary coil terminate in semicircular conducting segments in the brush troughs m, o displaced from each other by 180‹. Thus, with two pairs of brushes 1 - - 4, Fig. 5, connected respectively to plugs 5, 8 and 6, 7 in the two cylinders r, s of an engine, simultaneous sparking is obtained at the two plugs of each cylinder in turn. Alternatively, the secondary coils may terminate in two complete circular contacts on which bear only two brushes connected to the two brushes of an eight-point distributer driven by a 1 to 4 gearing ratio to give dual ignition in a four-cylinder engine.
Patent GB-613338-A (GB)
Title: Improvements connected with clothes pegs
IPC: D06F55/00
Filed: 1946-06-21
Abstract: 613,338. Clothes pegs. NIELD, D. June 21, 1946, No. 18671. [Class 44] A clothes peg comprises a spring portion 4, with limbs 5, 6, having inturned extensions 7, 8 having oppositely disposed recesses 9, 10 to provide resilient gripping means for engagement with the clothes and line, and means for locking the peg in position which may comprise a locking member in the form of a ring 11 embracing the limbs 5, 6. The peg may be pressed from a strip of metal, the limbs being of channel section and formed with notches 12 to retain the ring 11.
Patent GB-1117354-A (GB)
Title: Oriented heat-sealable polyethylene terephthalate plastic films
Inventor: CHRISTIE JOHN GRANT
IPC: B29C59/08
Filed: 1965-05-04
Abstract: 1,117,354. Heat sealable polyethylene terephthalate films; laminates. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 15 April, 1966 [4 May, 1965], No. 18729/65. Headings B5B and B5N. A drawn and heat set polyethylene terephthalate film is caused to pass or travel over a cooled rotating roller so that one surface of the film is maintained in contact with the roller and a localized area of the opposite surface of the film is simultaneously subjected to an intensely hot flame (e.g. a flame at a temperature over 1500‹ C.), the rate of travel of the film being such that the period of residence of every point in the heated area of the film is sufficient to melt the surface of the film at that point but insufficient to cause distortion of the film. The flame may be produced by an oxyacetylene burner or a propane or butane burner. The surface of the film may be heated to a temperature which is at least 260‹ C. but below that at which decomposition of the film will occur. The roller may be hollow and cooled by applying a cooling liquid to its inner surface or the liquid may be applied externally to the peripheral surface of the roller so that it forms a continuous liquid film between the roller and the polyethylene terephthalate film. The chilled liquid may be water and by adjustment of the temperature of the chilled liquid and its rate of flow on the rollers the chilled liquid film may be maintained at 20‹ to 70‹ C. The thickness of the polymer film may be 0À00025 to 0À01 inch, preferably 0À002 to 0À01 inch. The film may be fed over the cooled roller at a speed of at least 10 feet/min. The effect of the local heating of the film is to render a surface layer of the film on which the flame has been directed amorphous and disoriented. The thickness of this layer is 5 to 50% of the total thickness of the film, its density is less than 1À35 and its birefringence is less than 0À130. A laminate may be produced by heating the treated polyethylene terephthalate film in contact with another film so that the amorphous layer of the P.T. film is sealed to the other film, which may also be a P.T. film which has been treated according to the invention. The laminate may be produced from two P.T. films both of which are oriented to a greater degree in the machine direction or in the transverse direction than in the other direction, the laminate being constructed in such a way that the direction of greater orientation of one film is at right angles to the 'direction of greater orientation of the other film which comprises the laminate. The sealing together of the films comprising the laminate may be effected by pressing them together at a temperature between 70‹ C. and the melting point of P.T., preferably at a temperature of 120‹ to 180‹ C. The sealing may be effected by means of heated rollers, an impulse heat sealer or a radio frequency heat sealing apparatus.
Patent GB-1374204-A (GB)
Title: Sorting and separating process and apparatus
IPC: B07B4/08
Filed: 1972-04-22
Abstract: 1374204 Pneumatic separating SOC DE RECUPERATION INDUSTRIALLE DE PRODUITS SIDERURGIQUES 22 April 1972 18799/72 Heading B2H Apparatus for separating particles of different densities comprises a horizontal porous table 3, means for reciprocating the table 3 to cause a layer 6 of particles to move across the table in the direction indicated by the arrow 5, means 62 for blowing a gas in an upwardly inclined direction through the table, a first deflector 10 having a concave profile, and a second deflector 11 having a V-shaped section. In operation, the particles pass under the bottom edge 9 of the deflector 10 and are subjected to a jet of air from the nozzle 62. The lightest particles are blown away and fall onto a conveyor 13 after being guided by the defllector 10. The remaining particles pass under the edge of the deflector 11 and are subjected to air currents circulating within a casing 60. This causes any light particles to be returned to the front of the deflector 11 where they accumulate and float in the eddy of air between the deflector until they overflow across the top of the deflector 11 onto the conveyor 13. The heavy particles pass to a vibrating sieve 15. Particles too large to pass through the sieve pass to a second porous table 23 and undergo a further separation process similar to that just described. In an embodiment, the conveyor 13 is replaced by an inclined plate (54) leading to the second porous table and the air blast through the nozzle 62 is such that all but the heaviest particles pass over the top of the deflector 11 and are subjected to the further separation process. In another embodiment the casing 60 behind the deflector 11 is dispensed with. The process may be applied to the separation of copper particles from a mixture with plastics material, said mixture having been obtained by cutting up electrical cables.
Patent GB-758184-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fuel systems
Inventor: DAVIES DAVID OMRI
IPC: F02C7/22
Filed: 1952-07-24
Abstract: 758,184. Gas turbine plant. ROLLS-ROYCE, Ltd. July 15, 1953 [July 24, 1952], No. 18821/52. Class 110(3) [Also in Group XXIX] A gas turbine liquid fuel system for delivering fuel of the kind in which the viscosity is a unique function of the density comprising a first fuel conduit containing a sharp-edged orifice the pressure drop across which is controlled to determine the fuel flow, has a second fuel conduit, containing a viscous restrictor, connected to the first conduit on the upstream and downstream sides of the orifice so that on a decrease of fuel density the flow through the viscous restrictor is increased and vice versa so as to compensate at least in part for the variation in flow through the orifice. A viscous restrictor is defined as a restricting orifice through which the flow is laminar, i.e. the Reynolds number is below the critical value. The fuel system is described with reference to a fuel system as described and claimed in Specification 651,599 in which the instantaneous flow through a sharp edged orifice 28 is limited, during acceleration, to a value which is a function of the compressor discharge pressure by a lever 32 controlling a leak off valve 33 connected to a servo-motor 13 which actuates a swash plate 12 of a variable capacity engine driven pump 10. A reduction of fuel density will cause a reduction of fuel flow through the orifice 28 for the same pressure drop. To compensate for this, a viscous restrictor 41 is provided in parallel with the orifice 28 and the pressure drop across both the orifice and restrictor applied to the diaphragm 35. The flow through the restrictor 41 may be arranged so that the mass flow through it varies immensely as the square root of the density so that the total mass flow through the orifice and restrictor is substantially constant for a given pressure drop. The sharpedged orifice is stated to be any orifice or opening through which the flow is turbulent, and may be a variable area fuel-flowrestricting means or a throttle valve.
Patent GB-130019-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Means for Starting the Engines of Aeroplanes.
Inventor: THOMAS GEORGE HOLT
IPC: F02N7/14
Filed: 1917-12-19
Abstract: 130,019. Thomas, G. H., and Hucks, B. C. Dec. 19, 1917. Turning-gear.-A device carried on a motor car for starting aeroplane engines comprises a shaft 25 adapted to be coupled to an aeroplane propeller and driven from the car engine. The shaft 25 is connected by a universal joint 24 to a short shaft 19 mounted in a pillar 12 and provided with a sprocket-wheel 20, over which and a sprocket 21 on the power shaft a chain 23 is passed. A clutch member 46, Fig. 3, is adapted to be moved into engagement with similar members on the sprocket 21 or on the cardan shaft of the car, as required, by means of the linkage shown. The shaft 25 is normally held in an horizontal posltion by a stay 31 hooked to the car and connected to a collar 28 on the shaft, but india-rubber springs 26 acting through a pair of cords 26<a> tend to raise the shaft when released. The end of the shaft 25 has an extension 33, Fig. 5, having a forked end 34 for engaging a pin 35 on the propeller boss, a key 41 engaging a recess in a sleeve 44 as long as the shaft is driving the propeller. As soon as the propeller overruns the shaft, the key 41 slips out of the recess and the extension 33 is drawn into the shaft 25 by a spring 37.
Patent GB-1195336-A (GB)
Title: Window Structure
IPC: E06B3/50
Filed: 1968-04-22
Abstract: 1,195,336. Alternative movement window structures; glazing. V. E. ANDERSON MFG. CO. 22 April, 1968 [27 April, 1967], No, 18916/ 68. Headings E1J and E1R. A window structure comprises a main frame of metal 10 with a wood moulding '140 and at least one wooden sash 14, 16, which may be spring balanced, (Fig. 6) received in the frame, and a single resilient guide member 18, 20 e.g. of semi rigid vinyl, nylon, secured in the frame as 'by elbow teeth arrangements 130, 126 between the frame and sash and shaped to receive shoulders 1.10 on the sash for securing and guiding the sash in its sliding movement in the frame and with a longitudinally extending recess '106, 108, for receiving cam ming and locking structure 76, Fig. 8, (or Fig. 9) which is secured to the removable lower rail for .renewal of a pane which enables .the sash to be rotated in the frame for window cleaning &c by gripping the top rail and overcoming the resilience of the guide member, the cam secured to the sash laterally contacting one side of the guide and the teeth on the locking member 80 frictionally contacting the other side of the guide to hold the sash in vertical position, the guide in the closed position of the sash being in compression for weatherproofing the adjacent opposing parts of the sash and frame. The sash may be removed from the frame by tilting one side with respect to the frame and then withdrawing the sash, due to the resilience of the guide member and space between it and the frame. The spring 102, Fig. 8 of the counter-balance mechanism is hooked on to the locking member 80 of the cam and locking structure 76. Two window structures may be placed side by side and the gap between closed by an H- section plastics strip with the flanges 30 (normally for fixing into a wall) on the frame and reduced' in length to the thicker part, received in the recesses of the H-section (Fig. 12). A glazing strip of plastics has the sectional shape as shown at 64, Fig. 4 (or Fig. 5 enlargement). Means for locking sashes in frame for transit are described (Figs. 13-17).
Patent GB-1466228-A (GB)
Title: Texturing
IPC: D02G1/02
Filed: 1975-05-06
Abstract: 1466228 Strands textured by plying in a friction false twister: controlling twist density HEBERLEIN & CO AG 6 May 1975 [22 May 1974] 18919/75 Headings D1D and D1F Two strands are textured by plying them in a friction false twister while heat-setting them in a processing zone upstream of the twister, the plied strands being separated downstream of the twister and the movement of the strand separation point sensed to control a physical condition of the strands passing through the twister to thereby control the ply-twist density in the processing zone. Each strand may comprise one or more filaments, and may be formed by separating a strand of filaments. The separated, plied filaments may be recombined or wound separately. As shown, Fig. 3, filaments 3, 4 are false-twisted by rotating ring 8 and are separated by rollers 13, 14. Pivoted sensing arm 10 senses the movement of the filament separating point. If the twist density decreases downstream of the twister, and also decreases in the processing zone upstream, the separation point moves in direction A, and arm 10 rises, allowing, via cord 21, member 16 to be rotated by spring 30 to raise filament guide 9. Angle alpha is thus increased, the plied filaments are wrapped tighter around ring 8, and the twist density is restored. Alternatively Fig. 4, the rotation of member 30 rotates threaded rod 17 to move carriage 16 bearing driven discs 23, 25. When one of these discs contacts disc 24, arm 26 is rotated to raise or lower guide 9. The apparatus may include means to stop the control device or the texturing machine, or to operate signal lights, when the twist density reaches prescribed limits. Alternatively, the sensing of the movement of the yarn separation point may be used to control the filament tension to control the twist density.
Patent GB-874881-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of polymeric sheet material
Inventor: BURNETT JAMES DONALD
IPC: B29C43/24
Filed: 1959-06-03
Abstract: A process for the production of sheet materials comprises calendering a composition that has been produced by exposing polyethylene in comminuted form to contact with sufficient styrene to form a swollen material containing 10%-35% by weight of styrene, and polymerizing the styrene in the swollen material under the influence of heat and of a free-radical producing catalyst.  The polyethylene may be in the form of granules, chips or flakes and may be agitated with the styrene at elevated temperatures below that at which appreciable polymerization of the styrene occurs.  The catalyst may be benzoyl peroxide, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, or a , a 1-azodiisobutyronitilre.  The product may be masticated, optionally with pigments, dyestuffs and lubricants, e.g. zinc stearate, calcium stearate and stearic acid, before being fed to the calender.  The products may be used as tablecloths, shower curtains, screens and awnings, and, after treatment, e.g. with chlorosulphonic acid, to introduce groups confering ion-exchange properties, e.g. sulphonic acid, amino and quaternary ammonium groups, as ion-exchange membranes. Specification 863,862 is referred to.
Patent GB-212819-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in spring hooks and the manufacture thereof
IPC: F16B45/02
Filed: 1923-07-24
Abstract: 212,819. Bull, F. July 24, 1923. Hooks, spring, safety, and closed. - Cheeks 3 on the upper portion of a spring hook are provided with internal projections 4 engaging in recesses 6 in the closing member 5 when the cheeks are closed upon it. The spring is accommodated in the head of the hook and passes on a shoulder on the inner side of the closing member. The projections and recesses 4, 6 can be reversed. Specification 123,042 is refetrred to.
Patent GB-838510-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of polyhydric alcohols
IPC: B01J47/014
Filed: 1957-06-17
Abstract: A polyhydric alcohol is recovered from a solution in water or in a monohydric alcohol having not more than 5 carbon atoms by adsorbing it on an adsorbent consisting of an ion exchanger, active carbon or kieselguhr which has been impregnated with an aqueous solution which forms complexes with polyhydric alcohols and consists of a solution of borax, boric acid or a salt of copper, zinc, aluminium or silver, ammonia or an alkali metal hydroxide being present when such salts are used, and the polyhydric alcohol is subsequently dissolved off with a solvent. A mixture of alcohols may be separated in this way by treating the solution with adsorbents in several successive stages. The mixture of polyhydric alcohols obtained in the production of glycerol from sugar may be separated in this way.  The polyhydric alcohols may be obtained from the final solution by evaporation. Alternatively they may be dissolved from the adsorbent at a high temperature using a solvent in which they are insoluble at lower temperatures and can then be separated by cooling the solution. Suitable solvents for this procedure are, for example, methanol, amyl alcohol and ethyl and butyl acetates.  In the examples: (a) sorbitol and glycerol; (b) glycerol and ethylene glycol; (c) 1.2-propylene glycol and ethylene glycol; (d) glycerol; (e) ethylene glycol; and (f) sorbitol, glycerol, 1.2-propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are separated from aqueous solutions; and (g) sorbitol is separated from a solution in methanol.