baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-886179-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the separation of rare earths
IPC: C22B59/00
Filed: 1958-08-25
Abstract: In the separation of rare earth metals as hydroxides or possibly as basic salts of carboxylic acids when an alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide is added at below 50 DEG C. to a solution of rare earth metal salts, an aliphatic substituted or unsubstituted carboxylic acid having less than four carbon atoms or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof is included in the solution to improve filtrability.  Specified carboxylic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, glycollic, monochloracetic and oxalic acids. It is preferred that the carboxylic acid or salt thereof initially be added to the precipitant so as to comprise 5-15% thereof on a p  normality basis; after the precipitation of 20-35% of the rare earth metals, the proportion of carboxylic acid or salt thereof may be reduced, and when using gaseous ammonia, no further carboxylic acid or salt thereof need be used in the precipitant. In examples, solutions of chlorides of rare earth metals (including La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Y) were precipitated at 35 DEG C. with 2 or 3M ammonium hydroxide containing ammonium acetate with vigorous mixing.  The first precipitates were separated and contained a lower proportion of lanthanum than the original solution.  Further quantities of oxides were precipitated from the solution after filtration and details are given of the compositions of these fractions.  Finally, products rich in lanthanum were precipitated as carbonate.ALSO:In the separation of rare earth metals as hydroxides or possibly as basic salts of carboxylic acids when an alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide is added at below 50 DEG C. to a solution of rare earth metal salts, an aliphatic substituted or unsubstituted carboxylic acid having less than 4 carbon atoms or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof is included in the solution to improve filtrability.  Specified carboxylic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, glycollic, monochloracetic and oxalic acids.  It is preferred that the carboxylic acid or salt thereof initially be added to the precipitant so as to comprise 5%-15% thereof on a normality basis; after the precipitation of 20%-35% of the rare earth metals, the proportion of carboxylic acid or salt thereof may be reduced, and when using gaseous ammonia, no further carboxylic acid or salt thereof need be used in the precipitant. In examples, solutions of chlorides of rare earth metals (including La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Y) were precipitated at 35 DEG C. with 2M or 3M ammonium hydroxide containing ammonium acetate with vigorous mixing.  The first precipitates were separated and contained a lower proportion of lanthanum than the original solution.  Further quantities of oxides were precipitated from the solution after filtration and details are given of the compositions of these fractions.  Finally, products rich in lanthanum were precipitated as carbonate.
Patent GB-485525-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of treating pulp residual liquor
IPC: D21C11/06
Filed: 1937-10-07
Abstract: 485,525. Treating pulp residual liquor. TOMLINSON, G. H. Oct. 7, 1937, No. 27237. Convention date, Oct. 27, 1936. [Class 51 (i)] [Also in Group XIII] A process for treating sulphite pulp residual liquor is characterized by concentrating the liquor, burning the concentrated liquor in a high temperature furnace under furnace conditions yielding a dry ash residue containing a relatively high proportion of chemical compounds and removing from the furnace chamber substantially all of the ash produced during the incinerating operation by flotation in the furnace gases. The liquor is sprayed into the furnace 10 by a nozzle 18 oscillatable about vertical and horizontal axes and is dehydrated by the furnace gases. A mass of char is formed on the walls and falls upon the floor of the furnace periodically, the organic constituents being burnt by streams of air supplied through ports 20, 21, leaving a light dry unsintered ash containing chemicals. The ash builds up in a bed which is swept by the jets of air from the ports 20 and carried upwards with the furnace gases. The ashes pass with the gases through a water tube screen 25 and water-cooled throat 26 into contact with the tubes 28, 30 connecting upper drum 29 to lower drums 27 of a steam boiler and steam superheater tubes 31. Ash separating from the gases while passing through the boiler is deposited in a hopper 32 having valve-controlled outlets 35. The gases leaving the boiler pass through the tubes of an air heater 12 to a separator 13.
Patent GB-1185733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Slide Mounts
IPC: G03B21/64
Filed: 1967-06-13
Abstract: 1,185,733. Handling slides; slide mounts. MINNESOTA MINING & MFG. CO. June 13, 1967 [June 14, 1966], No.27326/67. Headings G2C and G2J. A mount for a photographic transparency comprises two frames 10, 20 snap fitting together under compression for retaining a transparency therebetween, the frames having longitudinal fins 13, 14, 15, 26 which inter-engage with the fins of a similar mount to allow a stack 30 of mounts to be formed. The mounts are assembled in a stack by relative lateral sliding, a pin (31, Fig. 3 not shown), of the frame 10 engaging a depression 32 of the frame 20 to prevent further undesirable relative movement. The upper edge of the frame 10 is formed as an extended rack tooth 11 and is slotted at 12 so that when an inverted stack is placed in a projector, the edges 11 form a rack which co-operates with pinion mechanism of the projector. Alternatively, each edge 11 may be formed as a series of gear teeth and the projector have an inter-meshing pinion mechanism. The stack may be provided with terminal members similar to the slide mounts but in which the frame 20 has no central opening to protect the slides in the stack. The edges 34 of the mounts may be used to carry identifying indicia.
Patent GB-1185545-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Stirrup-Shaped Concrete Reinforcements
IPC: E04C5/06
Filed: 1967-06-14
Abstract: 1,185,545. Metallic fabrics. BAU-STAHLGEWEBE G.m.b.H. 14 June, 1967 [23 July, 1966], No. 27355/67. Heading D1K. A reinforcement for concrete structures in the form of a closed or open stirrup cage produced from a single mat comprising longitudinal rods 1, 2, 3 and transverse rods 4 with the transverse rods of the mat bent to form the closed or open stirrups of the cage and interconnected at, or in the vicinity of, each transverse rod end by at least two closely spaced longitudinal rods of the mat.
Patent GB-1362122-A (GB)
Title: Circuit for controlling the speed of dc motors in optical  apparatus
IPC: H02P7/288
Filed: 1972-06-12
Abstract: 1362122 Control of D.C. motors JOS SCHNEIDER & CO OPTISCHE WERKE 12 June 1972 [11 June 1971] 27394/72 Heading H2J A D.C. motor driving various parts or all of an optical apparatus (not shown) is controlled by the circuit shown, which comprises an amplifier 3, resistors 5 ... 11 and capacitors 12, 13 and which functions to automatically vary the voltage applied to the motor in accordance with the current taken by the motor. To this end, the volt drop across the resistor 5 is fed back to the non-inverting input 14 of the amplifier 3 so that with increasing motor load for example, the voltage applied to input 14 will rise and displace the zero point of the amplifier 3, which thus produces a higher voltage proportional to the load for supplying the motor. In this way the motor speed may be kept approximately constant for varying loads. The motor direction of rotation is reversed by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to the input 15.
Patent GB-519328-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to sheets or surfaces for use in electrochemical recording means whereby a trace is produced from which instantaneous values as well as the rate of change of values can be deduced
IPC: B41M5/20
Filed: 1938-09-20
Abstract: 519,328. Recording-apparatus. HUGHES & SON, Ltd., H., SPROULE, D. O., and HUGHES, A. J. Sept. 20, 1938, No. 27412. [Class 106 (iv)] Recording apparatus embodies a band of flexible material treated with chemicals which will temporarily produce a visible mark on the band when locally decomposed electrolytically by current from a recording stylus. In one construction the belt c is saturated with iodine starch solution and whenever the stylus t is electrically connected a brown trace is made on the belt. Sodium thiosulphate or other decolourizing agent is mixed with the starch solution to cause the brown trace to fade after a short period. The belt c may dip into a tank g of the solutions to keep it saturated. An alternative chemical method of securing the above result is to saturate the belt with phenolphthalein.
Patent GB-179489-A (GB)
Title: A mechanical device for obtaining motion in a closed path of different forms
IPC: F16H37/12
Filed: 1921-10-15
Abstract: 179,489. Podmore, A., and Tuck, A. J. M. Oct. 15, 1921. Cranks, variable-throw.-Mechanism for imparting to a body a varying velocity along an indented oval path comprises driving-means for rotating it in diametral guides about an axis, and a connecting-rod and crank, or equivalent, driven oppositely at the same speed for reciprocating it radially in the guides. The body, for example a pin 1, is mounted on a block 2 sliding in guides 3 secured to a drum 4, which has a ring of internal teeth 5, and bears in a pedestal 6. The pin is also connected by a link 8 to a crank 10 turning on an axis y offset from the axis x of the drum 4. A shaft 14 is driven through bevel gears (not shown), and drives through gears 17, 18 a shaft 19, which carries a gear 22, meshing with the internal teeth 5, and a gear 21, meshing with a gear 23 on the crank-shaft y. The proportions of the wheels 22, 5, 21, 23, and of the crank 10, link 8, and offset are so chosen that the pin reciprocates in the guides 3 twice per revolution of the drum 4. Motion may be conveyed in known manner from the pin 1 to any other body.
Patent GB-1462207-A (GB)
Title: Sizing compositions
IPC: D06M101/16
Filed: 1974-06-20
Abstract: 1462207 Redispersible sizing compositions DOW CHEMICAL CO 20 June 1974 [27 June 1973] 27460/74 Heading C3P [Also in Division D1] An aqueous textile yarn sizing composition based on a film-forming copolymer of 1-10% by wt. of an α,#-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the balance of a waterinsoluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) is made redispersible by the incorporation therein of o-phthalic acid, ring substituted ophthalic acids, or their ring hydrogenated derivatives. The composition may be made by simple mixing or, when the water-insoluble monomer is a conjugated diene and the unsaturated acid is fumaric acid or a mono-lower alkyl maleate, fumarate, itaconate or citraconate, by the in situ Diels-Alder adduct formation of tetrahydro-o-phthalic acid.
Patent GB-1195105-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Fiber Writing Tips.
IPC: B43K1/12
Filed: 1967-06-14
Abstract: 1,195,105. Felt nib pens. PAPER MATE MFG. CO. 14 June, 1967 [27 June, 1966], No. 27547/67. Heading A4K. [Also in Divisions B5 and D1] A solution of hardenable resin, saturating a bundle of preferably crimped synthetic thermoplastic fibre yarns, is concentrated by evaporation to fill the narrower interstices, formed initially by sintering the fibres. The resin is hardened, by further heating, to make the bundle into a rigid porous rod in which the large pores are free of resin. The rod is cut to length and formed with a writing tip and may be vacuum impregnated with a wetting'agent, before being assembled into a pen. The yarns, which are drawn from reels 2, 2<SP>1</SP> having individual friction drags, may be of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyacronitrile, copolymers of vinyl acetate and cellulose acetate or nylon. The bundle is arranged by passing the fibres through holes in plate 4. Nitrogen is passed, in countercurrent to the sliver, through heated drying tube 7, lined with polytetrafluoroethylene. The bundle is constricted by the flared end of a tube 10 in a heat setting zone 9, in which the fibres are brought to a temperature just below their melting point, at which they cohere but are not completely uncrimped. After cooling, the fibres enter a tube 15, supplied with resin solution from reservoir 16 and immersed in a constant temperature bath 17. As the fibres emerge from the tube 15, excess resin is removed by a rubber orifice. The solutions employed may be made up from the following resins in a compatible volatile solvent:- epoxy resins, tolylene diisocyanate, polyester resins, di-vinyl benzene monomer, alkyd resins, melamineurea-formaldehyde polymers, furfuraldehyde monomer or polyvinyl butyral. These solutions contain the conventional curing or hardening agents for the resins. In other solutions, heat hardenable resins such as polyvinyl acetate or silicone polymers may be used. Other resins used include polyvinyl formal, acrylic resins, acetals, polymethylene resins, polyphenyl isocyanate polymer and polybutadiene-styrene copolymers. The evaporated solvent is recovered at condenser 20 and the fibres pass on to an oven 25, having a forced circulation of hot air.
Patent GB-268677-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to turbine pumps and the like
IPC: F04D29/22
Filed: 1926-11-03
Abstract: 268,677. Wade, J. T. Nov. 3, 1926. C e n t r i - fugal pumps; casings.- Rectilinear and tangentially disposed discharge passages 29, Fig. 2, are provided in a ring 12 which forms the peripheral boundary of the impeller chamber. The passages 29 deliver into an annular chamber 13 from which the fluid pumped is led by discharge pipes 24 and may be fitted with renewable and divergent nozzles 30. Plugs 31 are fitted to provide access to the nozzles 30. The ring 12 may have a semi-circular groove 26, Fig. 3, of the same radius as the tangential passages 29. Fixed guide vanes 28 are disposed around the central inlet eye and addition vanes co-operating with the guide vanes may be carried by the impeller. The main blades 27 are short and renewable. Jet wheels.-The pump may be adapted to act as a turbine.
Patent GB-1070437-A (GB)
Title: Tobacco product
IPC: A24B15/28
Filed: 1965-06-29
Abstract: Tobacco is treated by mixing therewith a zirconium substance, preferably selected from elemental zirconium, the oxides, hydroxides, carbides, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, sulphates, and salts of organic acids of zirconium.  The zirconium substance may be applied as a powder or sprayed on the tobacco in solution and the solvent evaporated.  Quantitative examples are given.
Patent GB-537817-A (GB)
Title: Improved process and plant for manufacturing fuming sulphuric acid
IPC: C01B17/74
Filed: 1939-10-10
Abstract: 537,817. Fuming sulphuric acid. TECHNOCHIMIE, and SERRA, F. S. Oct. 10, 1939, No. 27611. Convention date, Oct. 10, 1938. [Class 1 (ii)] In the process of obtaining fuming sulphuric acid by the heat decomposition of basic iron sulphate sulphur dioxide is conducted into the reaction to prevent decomposition of sulphur trioxide. The ferric oxide produced is treated with sulphuric acid to reform basic iron sulphate. In the appartus shown in Fig. 1 iron sulphate is heated in a retort C, and the distillate collected at D, the residue being conducted through a pipe H to reaction chamber F where it is treated with sulphuric acid from E. Sulphur dioxide is generated in chamber A jacketing the retort C and passes by way of a dust removing chamber 3 and pipe f 4  to the retort. In another form of appartus, Fig. 2, the sulphate is heated alternately in retorts M 1 , M 2 , the fuming acid collecting in D, and sulphur dioxide being introduced from A. When the heating of each retort is concluded the iron oxide therein is treated with sulphuric acid from the chambers E 1 , E 2 . Vanadium oxide may be added to the iron compound to assist the combination of oxygen and sulphur dioxide to form sulphur trioxide.
Patent GB-1196665-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus and Method for Controlling the Characteristics of Friction Type Power Absorption Devices
Inventor: CLINE EDWIN LEE
IPC: G01M17/007
Filed: 1967-06-15
Abstract: 1,196,665. Rotary absorption dynamometers. CLAYTON MFG. CO. June 15, 1967 [June 22, 1966], No.27642/67. Heading G1W. [Also in Division G3] Apparatus for testing the underload performance characteristics of a prime mover comprises a friction-type rotary power absorber 2 having a shaft 4 driven by the prime mover and a load controller including a positive displacement pump P driven by the shaft 4 to generate fluid pressure for loading an actuator 176 operating brake shoes 68 in the absorber 2 so that the fluid pressure and thence the retarding force opposing the torque of the prime mover varies as a function of the speed of rotation of the prime mover. In the chassis dynamometer shown the shaft 4 is driven by rollers supporting the drive wheels W of a vehicle whose engine is under test. The torque absorbed is measured by the reaction between an arm 200 fixed to the stator 62 and a pressure transducer 192 and is indicated by a pressure gauge 198. The power absorber 2 includes a casing through which liquid coolant can be pumped. This casing and the rotor which surrounds the stator can be readily removed for the brake shoe linings to be inspected and replaced. The inlet 212 of the pump is connected with a reservoir 224 of liquid 225 and its outlet 214 is connected through a flow restrictor 234 with a conduit 232 and through a conduit 190 with the brake actuator 176. The fluid pressure supplied through the conduit 190 can be preset (or adjusted during testing) for any given speed of the power input shaft 4 by setting the variable orifice of the restrictor valve 234. For any given setting the pressure differential across the valve 234 will vary as the square of the flow rate therethrough. Thus as the pump is driven by the shaft 4 and the brake force applied is determined by the pressure supplied through conduit 190, the retarding force opposing the driving torque varies with the square of the speed of the vehicle engine, thus being zero at zero speed and increasing and decreasing faster than the engine to reduce the tendency of the engine to stall when it momentarily loses power.
Patent GB-835272-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to continuous vacuum or air brakes for railway trains
Inventor: HOGFORS EINAR
IPC: B60T15/36
Filed: 1956-09-10
Abstract: 835,272. Fluid-pressure brakes. SVENSKA AKTIEBOLAGET BROMSREGULATOR. Sept. 9, 1957 [Sept. 10, 1956], No. 27651/56. Class 103 (1). [Also in Group XXIX] In a continuous vacuum or air system for railway vehicles, wherein the braking effort is controlled in accordance with vehicle load, a throttling valve means is provided in the junction of the vacuum chamber or auxiliary air-reservoir and the pipe therefrom to a vacuum or air control valve for a servomotor which sets the brake for lower or higher braking effort according to the vehicle load. In the vacuum braking system illustrated, a vacuum servomotor 1 operates the variable leverage mechanism in response to vacuum supplied from a reservoir 2 through a control valve 3, preferably of the type disclosed in Specification 795,769 which controls the supply of vacuum to the servomotor in response to vehicle load. The reservoir 2 is connected by a flexible pipe 4 to the vacuum chamber of the vacuum brake cylinder 5. In order to minimize the effect of leakage of fluid pressure in the event of a fracture of the line connecting the valve 3 with the servomotor 1, or other failure of the servomotor or its control valve, a throttling valve 11 is provided in a pipe fitting 7 forming the junction of the reservoir 2 and the pipes 4 and 6. The throttling valve 11 consists of a plastic body provided with a series of ridges or labyrinths, for example as shown in Figs. 7 or 8, which act in conjunction with the inside of sleeve 9 to restrict the escape of fluid pressure and to enable the operation of the brake to be virtually unimpaired in the event of a fracture, rupture or other failure of the servomotor or its control valve or of their pipe connections with one another and with the vacuum chamber or auxiliary air reservoir of the brake, without detrimentally affecting the control and operation of the servomotor under normal conditions. Specification 811,489 also is referred to.
Patent GB-334077-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in door and gate operating appliances
IPC: C10B25/14
Filed: 1929-09-12
Abstract: 334,077. Stettiner Chamotte-Fabrik. Akt.-Ges. vorm. Didier. Nov. 23, 1928, [Convention date]. Coke ovens.-Doors hinged at their top edges and open by swinging upwards are operated by a pulling member acting in a direction tangential to the arc made by the free edge of the door. The door 2 of the retort 1 is fastened in its closed position by a hook 8 and pin 9. To open, an electromotor 17 is set in motion, driving a winch 18 to wind up the cable 14, pulling the carriage 15 up the arc-shaped guideway 20 on the coke-quenching truck 13 and pulling the hook 16, engaging in the shackle 11 on the free edge of the door. A link 12 connected to the hook 8 and shackle 11 releases the fastening before the door is swung upwards.
Patent GB-997040-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of neutral polyhydroxyalkyl phosphates
IPC: C07F9/09
Filed: 1962-07-19
Abstract: Neutral phosphates of formula <FORM:0997040/C2/1> where R1 and R2 are hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, which groups may optionally be substituted by free or esterified carboxyl groups or halogen, R1 may also be chlorine, and n is at least 3, are prepared by reacting phosphoric acid with an appropriate alkylene or aralkylene oxide, or with different epoxides, in a reaction system containing as solvent, tetrahydrofuran.  The epoxides may be added stepwise.  Unreacted or partially esterified phosphoric acid may be precipitated as salts by introducing ammonia or an amine, or may be removed by means of a basic anion exchanger.  In examples, products are preapred from: (1) and (6) propylene oxide; (2) ethylene oxide; (3) epichlorhydrin; (4) oleic acid epoxide and propylene oxide; and (5) oleic acid epoxide and ethylene oxide.
Patent GB-1378636-A (GB)
Title: Collets for tufting buttons
IPC: A44B1/18
Filed: 1972-12-21
Abstract: 1378636 Tufting HANDY BUTTON MACHINE CO 21 Dec 1972 [17 Feb 1972] 27895/74 Divided out of 1378635 Heading A4M The subject matter is identical with that of Specification 1378635 but the claims are directed to the stepped form of the collet base to facilitate clamping of the button cover.
Patent GB-456784-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to illuminated structures, signs and the like
IPC: G09F13/00
Filed: 1935-10-10
Abstract: 456,784. Signs ; lamps for decoration. WILLIAMS, W. G., 11, Durban Avenue, Christleton, Chester, and COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., 32, King Street West, Manchester. Oct. 10, 1935, No. 27958. [Classes 3 (i) and 3 (ii)] [See also Group XI] An advertising or decorative device of the type in which electric lamps partially project through an opaque sheet and illuminate both this sheet and a sheet placed behind it, portions of said rear sheet being visible at the edges of the front sheet, is characterized in that the front surface of the front sheet is divided by upstanding walls into shaped areas, some of which are illuminated and some not illuminated. In the embodiment shown, lamps e project through an opaque sheet c which is supported by bolts b on the base of a casing a and provided with walls g forming illuminated and unilluminated areas l, m. The portions e<2> of the lamps, which may be coloured differently from the portions e<1>, illuminate the interior of the casing a, the reflected light being visible through the space d and any apertures which may be formed in the sheet c. The casing may be provided with dividing walls h, and the sides of the casing may be perforated to form letters or built up from perforated sections to form letters. A decorative lip i, Fig. 3, may be provided around the casing formed with apertures provided with lenses or colour screens. The device may be mounted for rotary or other movement.