Patent GB-591714-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to petroleum hydrocarbon compositions
IPC: C10M135/02
Filed: 1943-07-13
Abstract: Petroleum hydrocarbons are rendered less corrosive by incorporating with them an unsaturated compound-sulphur halide-aromatic compound complex.  This complex is produced by reacting an unsaturated compound, which contains an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkage not part of an aromatic nucleus, with a sulphur halide and then reacting the product with an aromatic compound, or, alternatively, a mixture of the unsaturated compound and the aromatic compound may be reacted with the sulphur halide. Suitable unsaturated compounds which may be employed are olefines, olefine polymers or copolymers, allylene, styrene, oleic acid, oleyl alcohol, pine oil, terpenes, unsaturated compounds obtained from cracked gasoline or cracked paraffin wax, and compounds containing acetylenic linkages or substitution derivatives of these substances, while the sulphur halide may be sulphur monochloride or sulphur dichloride.  Suitable aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons, phenols, naphthols, diphenyl ether, salicylic acid, thiophenols, metallic derivatives of phenolic compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons or phenols, chlorinated phenol sulphides, amines, aminophenols, aromatic sulphides or substitution derivatives of these substances.  It is stated that complexes derived from aromatic compounds containing an amino group have anti-oxidant properties. The complexes may be submitted to various treatments before being incorporated in the petroleum hydrocarbons.  Thus, where the aromatic compound employed is a phenol, the complex may be extracted with alkali or steam distilled or esterified, etherified or converted to a metal phenolate, and where the aromatic compound employed is a phenol sulphide the complex may be chlorinated or converted to a metal derivative.  The petroleum hydrocarbon compositions, which may be crankcase lubricants, extreme pressure lubricants, spindle oils, textile oils, metal cutting oils, engine flushing oils, turbine, oils, insulating oils, transformer oils, steam cylinder oils, slushing compositions, greases, motor fuels, Diesel fuels or kerosene, may contain in addition to the unsaturated compound-sulphur halide-aromatic compound complex such materials as dyes, pour depressors, heat thickened fatty oils, sulphurised fatty oils, organometallic compounds, metallic or other soaps, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, resins, rubber, olefine polymers, voltolized fats, voltolized mineral oils or waxes, colloidal solids such as graphite or zinc oxide, solvents, assisting agents, natural products rich in alcohols such as wool fat or sperm oil, or detergents.  In the examples, (1-15) the preparation of a number of complexes is described, the unsaturated compound being diisobutylene or the codimer of isobutylene and n-butylene, the sulphur halide being sulphur monochloride and the aromatic compound phenol, m- or p-cresol, trichlorophenol, a -naphthol, diamylphenol, petroleum phenols or aniline: in some instances the complex is obtained in the form of a 50 per cent. solution in mineral oil which is a convenient form for adding to mineral oil, (16-26) the testing of various mineral lubricating oil or grease compositions containing the complexes is described, and in some cases the compositions contain additional ingredients such as polybutene, barium di-isobutyl phenol sulphide, barium di-isobutyl phenoldisulphide, stearyl alcohol or the lithium soap of hydrogenated fish oil acids.ALSO:Additives for petroleum hydrocarbons are prepared by reacting an unsaturated compound, which contains an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkage not part of an aromatic nucleus, with a sulphur halide and then reacting the product with an aromatic compound, or, alternatively, a mixture of the unsaturated compound and the aromatic compound may be reacted with the sulphur halide. Suitable unsaturated compounds which may be employed are olefines, olefine polymers or copolymers, allylenes, styrene, oleic acid, oleyl alcohol, pine oil, terpenes, unsaturated compounds obtained from cracked gasoline or cracked paraffin wax, and compounds containing acetylenic linkages or substitution derivatives of these substances, while the sulphur halide may be sulphur monochloride or sulphur dichloride.  Suitable aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons, phenols, naphthols, diphenyl ether, salicylic acid, thiophenols, metallic derivatives of phenolic compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons or phenols, chlorinated phenol sulphides, amines, aminophenols, aromatic sulphides or substitution derivatives of these substances.  The additives may be submitted to various treatments before being incorporated in the petroleum hydrocarbons.  Thus, where the aromatic compound employed is a phenol, the additive may be extracted with alkali or steam distilled or esterified, etherified or converted to a metal phenolate, and where the aromatic compound employed is a phenol sulphide the additive may be chlorinated or converted to a metal derivative.  In the examples, the preparation of a number of additives is described, the unsaturated compound being di-isobutylene or the codimer of isobutylene and n-butylene, the sulphur halide is sulphur monochloride and the aromatic compound is phenol, m- or p-cresol, trichlorophenol, a -naphthol, diamyl phenol, petroleum phenols or aniline; in some instances the complex is obtained in the form of a 50 per cent solution in mineral oil.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers generally to an organic composition containing a small proportion of a product obtained by reacting an aromatic compound with a sulphur halide derivative of a compound containing an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon linkage which forms a part of an organic group other than an aromatic nucleus. Oils and hydrocarbons not of petroleum origin are mentioned.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.