Patent GB-1214532-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of aqueous materials
IPC: C02F1/52
Filed: 1968-01-31
Abstract: 1,214,532. Clay treatment; clarification of suspensions by flocculation. SIMONACCO Ltd. 31 Jan., 1968 [16 Feb., 1967], No. 4929/68. Headings C1A and ClC. A solids/water suspension is clarified by a process which comprises forming flocs containing solids of suspension by adding to the suspension at least one phyllosilicate and at least one organic compound capable of bonding with the phyllosilicate(s) to form a complex and thereafter separating the flocs from the liquid phase, the phyllosilicate(s) having been activated by ion exchange and thereafter dispersed in an aqueous medium. The phyllosilicate(s) may be in any of the hydrogen, sodium, potassium and ammonium forms and may be provided by at least one clay material, for example montmorillonite, beidellite, hectonite, saponite, non- tronile, vermiculite, allevardite, illite, helloysite kaolinite, glauconite and mixtures thereof; the particle size of the dispersed phyllosilicate(s) preferably is not less than 0-05 microns. The organic compound(s) may contain a hydroxyl, carbonyl, imido, imino, carboxyl or carboxyalkyl group and may be monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric; compounds capable of forming hydrogen bonds are preferred. Compounds exemplified are polyacrylamide; polyacrylonitrile; carboxyalkylcellulose, for example carboxymethyl cellulose; sodium alkyl cellulose; organic acids, for example tannins and glue; sclero-proteins; ethylene diamine and diethylene triamine. It is preferred to use, for each litre of suspension to be clarified, between 10 and 3000 mg of phyllosilicate and not less than 0-01 mg. of organic compound which may be used in the form of a solution having a concentration of between 0-01 and 5% by volume. The flocs may be separated from the liquid phase by centrifuging, for example by use of a hydrocyclone or other mechanical means. It is preferred that the formation of flocs is reversible so that, if desired, separated flocs containing solids of suspension may be recycled wholly or partly for further clarification of a solids/water suspension. The solids/water suspension may be surface waters, industrial waste waters and effluents; examples relate to the clarification of river water, mine water and water which contains particles of wood fibre. In Example 11, clarification is preceded by softening of the water by addition thereto of milk of lime. Example 1 describes the preparation of activated phyllosilicate by grinding raw bentonite with soda, dispersing the bentonite-soda mixture in water, evaporating the dispersion over a water bath, suspending the resulting residue in water and separating from the resulting suspension, by settling or by the use of a centrifuge, for example a hydrocyclone, sodium-montmorillonite having a particle size below 30 microns; a coarse-grained clay mineral may be used in place of bentonite, which mineral is swollen in water and compounded with soda, sodium phosphate, sodium fluoride or an " alkali-hydrogen carbonate " by wet grinding prior to being dispersed in water and further treated as set forth supra.