Patent GB-655459-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for the sulphation of olefins
IPC: C07C305/04
Filed: 1948-01-27
Abstract: <PICT:0655459/IV (b)/1> <PICT:0655459/IV (b)/2> A process for the sulphation of the olefines hereinafter defined comprises tangentially feeding said olefines and sulphuric acid of a concentration greater than 75 per cent wt./wt. separately and continuously into a common mixing nozzle or tube from which they are tangentially discharged in finely-divided form and intimate admixture into a cooled annular reaction chamber having its lesser radius greater than the width of the annulus, eliminating any excess acid from the reaction mixture discharged from said chamber and neutralizing or making alkaline the reaction mixture thus obtained by treatment with an alkaline medium. The olefines which may be used are mixtures containing olefines such as are obtainable by cracking a petroleum wax or petrolatum, mixtures consisting substantially or entirely of such olefines and also individual olefines as found in these mixtures, which mixtures or individual olefines are liquids under conditions suitable for sulphation or if not, are dissolved in inert substances which are liquid under such conditions.  A single reactor may be used or, if desired, a plurality thereof, each reactor having a mixing nozzle and chamber, as described and arranged in series, the mixture leaving the first chamber being tangentially admitted to the mixing nozzle of the second and so on.  With this arrangement part only of the acid may be introduced into the first mixing nozzle and the remainder introduced into one or more of the other mixing nozzles.  Elimination of excess acid from the final reaction mixture may be effected in the neutralization stage or by a preliminary centrifuging.  The preferred method of neutralization consists in introducing the mixture into a circulating stream of reacted mixture which is continuously maintained alkaline in an independent circuit comprising, for example, a pump and a balance tank, from the overflow of which the desired neutralized product may be continuously withdrawn.  A suitable reactor comprises two concentric tubes 1, 2 defining an annular reaction chamber 3.  An inlet and mixing device 4 comprises a head 11 securing tubes 1, 2 and having a swirl plate 13 which has recesses 17, 18 coinciding with inlets 15, 16 on header block 14, which direct the reactants tangentially into swirl chamber 19. Coaxial with and adjoining the swirl chamber is the mixing nozzle 20 which finely sub-divides and intimately admixes the reagents and communicates directly with a bore 21 tangentially entering reaction chamber 3.  Cooling media pass through inner tube 1 and annular outer jacket 8.  The reacted mixture leaves via outlet 5.  A diagrammatic layout (not shown) illustrates a battery of such reactors connected in series.ALSO:A reactor for use in the preparation of alkyl sulphates from olefines and sulphuric acid (see Group IV (b)), comprises two concentric tubular members defining between them an annular reaction chamber having its lesser radius greater than the width of the annulus, means for circulating cooling media internally and externally of said chamber and means for separately and continuously feeding reagents tangentially into a common mixing nozzle or tube arranged to discharge tangentially into said reaction chamber along which the reactants are free to pass in uninterrupted flow to an outlet.  As shown, the reactor comprises concentric tubes 1, 2 having an annular outer jacket 8, cooling media passing through tube 1 and jacket 8.  The inlets and mixing device 4 for the reagents comprises a head 11 securing tubes 1, 2 and having a swirl plate 13 which has recesses 17, 18 coinciding with inlets 15, 16 on header block 14 which direct the reagents tangentially into swirl chamber 19.  Coaxial with and adjoining the swirl chamber is the mixing nozzle 20 which <PICT:0655459/III/1> <PICT:0655459/III/2> finely sub-divides and admixes intimately the reagents and communicates directly with a bore 21 tangentially entering annular chamber 3.  The reacted mixture leaves via outlet 5.  A diagrammatic layout (not shown) illustrates a battery of such reactors connected in series.