baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20160035776-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YOUNG MIN
IPC: B22C9/00
Filed: 2014-09-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 금형의 상측에 유압액추에이터(21)와 실린더(22)를 구비한 경동식 중력주조 금형장치에 관한 것이다. 
상기 금형장치는, 제품성형공간과, 상기 제품성형공간으로 연결되는 주입구를 가지며, 외력에 의해 경동(tilting)이 가능한 금형과; 상기 금형의 외부 일측에 구비되고, 내부로 공급되는 용탕을 담은 상태에서 금형이 기울어질 때, 용탕을 상기 주입구를 통해서 상기 제품성형공간으로 공급하는 용탕주입컵과; 상기 주입구에 대해서 왕복운동이 가능하게 구비되고, 용탕주입 전 주입구로 진입하여 제품성형공간내에 구비되는 슬라이딩 스틸코어와; 상기 슬라이딩 스틸코어를 구동하는 구동수단(20)과; 상시 구동수단(20)에서 발생되는 동력을 상기 슬라이딩 스틸코어측으로 전달하는 링크수단(30)을 포함하여 구성된다. 
상기와 같이 이루어지는 본 발명의 금형장치는, 경동식이면서도 정치식 중력주조장치에서와 같이, 주입용탕에 압력을 가할 수 있으므로, 제품의 형상이 아무리 복잡하더라도, 용탕이 제품성형공간의 구석구석까지 완벽히 도달하므로, 그만큼 주조물의 조직이 치밀하고 밀도가 균일하며, 응고시의 부피감소나, 미성형 및 수축 불량을 야기하지 않아 그만큼 생산성이 높고, 복잡한 형상을 가진 제품의 성형시에도 슬라이딩 코어의 적용이 가능하여 샌드 코어의 사용량을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있다.
Patent KR-20150034664-A (KR)
IPC: C09K11/06
Filed: 2014-09-26
Abstract: The present specification provides carbazole derivatives and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. The organic light emitting device comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and one or more layers of organic matter layers including a light emitting layer formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein one or more layers of the organic matter layers comprise the carbazole derivatives.
Patent KR-20150037696-A (KR)
IPC: H01L51/50
Filed: 2014-09-30
Abstract: The present specification provides an organic light emitting device. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the organic light emitting device comprises: an anode, a cathode facing the anode; and at least three organic layers formed between the anode and the cathode.
Patent KR-20160043562-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG HOON
IPC: B60Q1/54
Filed: 2014-10-13
Abstract: The present invention provides a lighting device for a hazard light of a vehicle, and a lighting method for the same. The lighting device for a hazard light of a vehicle comprises: a driver sensing unit sensing an existence of a driver on a driver seat; a hazard light lighting unit lighting a hazard light; and a control unit responding to a sensing signal from the driver sensing unit, controlling the hazard light lighting unit to light the hazard light when a vehicle stops while the vehicle is started. The lighting device for a hazard light of a vehicle is able to obtain safety for a passenger and a driver by automatically lighting the hazard light of the vehicle under a predetermined condition or environment, and also obtains the safety of an approaching vehicle.
Patent KR-20150043991-A (KR)
IPC: B65D65/40
Filed: 2014-10-14
Abstract: A packing material for molding comprises: a matte coating layer having excellent moldability, chemical resistance, solvent resistance, electrolyte resistance, and benignness is provided. The packing material (1) comprises: an outer basic material layer (13) formed from a heat resistant resin; an inner sealant layer (16) formed from a thermoplastic resin; a metal film layer (11) discharged into a gap (16) between the outer basic material layer (13) and the inner sealant layer (16); a matte coating layer (14) formed on an opposite side of the outer basic material layer (13) and the metal film layer (11), wherein the matte coating layer (14) comprising a lower layer (14a) formed from a resin composite comprising a subject resin having a phenoxy resin and a urethane resin, a hardening agent, and solid particles; and an upper layer (14b) formed from a resin composite comprising a fluorine-containing resin which is multi-layered.
Patent KR-20150048642-A (KR)
Inventor: EBINE TORU
IPC: G01D5/245
Filed: 2014-10-23
Abstract: The present invention provides a detection method for data in a detection apparatus, and a detection apparatus which can improve synchronization of data from two detection units in case of adopting over-sampling. The present invention comprises: a rotary encoder; a sum of acquisition times of a first data (DSIN) in a data detection period (T); and an acquisition times of a second data (DCOS) is at least three times, for example, five times. In the over-sampling to be carried out, as the sum of acquisition times of a first data (DSIN) and the acquisition times of a second data (DCOS) is an odd number more than three times, during a case a first detection value (ESIN) is determined using a mathematical mean of the first data (DSIN) acquired the timing of the odd-numbered and a second detection value (ECOS) determined using the mathematical mean of the second data acquired the timing of the even-numbered; the first detection value (ESIN) and the second detection value (ECOS) all corresponds to the time t3 of the center of the data detection period (T).
Patent KR-20160052020-A (KR)
Title: Process for preparing 3-(3,5-difluorophenoxy)propionic acid
Inventor: HONG YOU HWA
IPC: C07C51/42
Filed: 2014-10-31
Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for preparing 3-(3,5-difulorophenoxy)propionic acid, which comprises performing a reaction of 3,5-difluorophenol and bromo- or chloro-propionic acid in an metal halide aqueous solution or an alkaline earth metal aqueous solution.
Patent KR-20160052133-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YOUNG
IPC: B60R16/02
Filed: 2014-11-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating device of a speaker and a heating method thereof which prevent an edge portion of a speaker from being hardened in case of a low temperature so as to output a normal sound. According to the present invention, the heating device of the speaker for a vehicle and the heating method make an edge portion flexible before a customer outputs a sound by installing a heating line in an edge portion of the speaker so as to normally output a sound even before an internal temperature is obtained by operating a heater, thereby solving customer dissatisfaction in a field.
Patent KR-20160054284-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM IN HAN
IPC: G06F3/048
Filed: 2014-11-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of conveniently inputting Korean characters in a portable electronic device, such as a smart phone, or an electronic device for a disabled person. A user can input a Korean character by performing dragging along the shape of a vowel while continuously maintaining a touch after touching a desired consonant area of a keyboard comprised only consonant keys.
Patent KR-20160055023-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM MOON JUNG
IPC: H04W88/02
Filed: 2014-11-07
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile terminal and a method of controlling the same. The present invention is capable of automatically executing a noise cancelling function based on circumstances of a user. Additionally, the present invention is capable of maximizing the effect of the noise cancelling function by executing the same by using noise compensation patterns reflecting the information about the circumstances of a user, in the provided mobile terminal.
Patent KR-20160056743-A (KR)
Inventor: JU MIN KYUNG
IPC: A41D27/02
Filed: 2014-11-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to pants. Specifically, the pants of the present invention are characterized in that double-layered pants are attached to increase a thermokeeping effect, and in order to prevent a wearer from being sore due to the presence of a portion being sewed and restriction on free activity due to the sewing direction when the wearer wears pants for a long time, only a particular portion is sewed and the sewing direction makes a right angle with the length direction of the pants, and thus, the sore phenomenon and the restriction are reduced.
Patent KR-20160058263-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE CHUN WOO
IPC: B60R19/22
Filed: 2014-11-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to a bumper absorber, and more particularly, to a bumper absorber, which is formed by assembling a first mold and a second mold formed at different foaming ratios, can improve coherence by the assembly, can enhance coherence, fixation, and durability by the assembly by adopting a structure that is not easily separated after one-time assembly, can prevent damage or separation due to impacts from easily occurring, and can enhance impact absorbing efficiency. The bumper absorber includes a first mold formed by foaming molding, and including a first body portion and a first coupling portion; and a second mold coupled to the first mold by a second coupling portion coming in contact with the first coupling portion, foaming-molded at a different foaming ratio from that of the first mold, and including a second body portion and the second coupling portion. The first coupling portion includes a first lower end portion formed to be lower than the first body portion of the first mold, and a coupling protruding portion formed on the first lower end portion. The second coupling portion includes a second lower end portion formed to be lower than the second body portion of the second mold, and a coupling insertion portion formed to be recessed in the second lower end portion and having the same shape as the coupling protruding portion such that the coupling protruding portion can be inserted into the coupling insertion portion. While being coupled to each other by insertion, the coupling protruding portion and the coupling insertion portion have shapes in which they are not separated from each other in a horizontal direction when force is applied to the first and second molds in an opposite direction.
Patent KR-20160058548-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG DONG HO
IPC: F17D1/00
Filed: 2014-11-17
Abstract: A pipe connector of a space launch vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a fluid inlet part which is fixed and fastened to an airframe skin, and has a fluid inlet port able to be connected to an external pipe supplying a fluid by being exposed to the outside when being fastened to the airframe skin at one side, and has a flow tube part wherein a flow path flowing the fluid is formed inside by being extended along a center axis direction from an inner surface at another side; a fluid outlet part which is linked to the fluid inlet part by being arranged at the front of the fluid inlet part, and has an accommodation space to accommodate the fluid discharged to the outside of the flow tube part inside, and has a fluid discharge port to discharge the fluid accommodated in the accommodation space by being connected to an internal pipe of the space launch vehicle at the front; a spool which is arranged in the flow path and the accommodation space at the same time, and discharges the fluid passing through the flow path through sliding movement when the fluid flows in, and at the same time pushes the fluid to the internal pipe of the space launch vehicle by applying a pressure to the fluid accommodated in the accommodation space; and an elastic member to support the spool elastically. The pipe connector prevents foreign substances from flowing into the space launch vehicle.
Patent KR-20160060312-A (KR)
Inventor: NAM HYOUNG SIK
IPC: H01L51/56
Filed: 2014-11-20
Abstract: The present invention relates to pixels formed in an organic light emitting display device which includes a charge and luminescence period and a transfer period successively during a frame. Each of the pixels includes a first circuit part which receives a data signal during the charge and luminescence period and charges it, and outputs the corresponding signal of the data signal charged in the charge and luminescence period during the transfer period; and a second circuit part which is connected to the output part of the first circuit part, comprises an organic light emitting diode, supplies the corresponding current of the data signal charged in a previous frame during the charge and luminescence period, allows the organic light emitting diode to emit light, and charges the data signal outputted from the first circuit part during the transfer period. So, the effect of the threshold voltage of a diving switching element can be minimized.
Patent KR-20160062815-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE YOUNG MI
IPC: A61K36/8988
Filed: 2014-11-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for improving blood circulation, containing gastrodia extract, through high-pressure zymolysis, as an active ingredient. According to the present invention, the gastrodia extract inhibits platelet aggregation and extends a bleeding time, thereby exhibiting outstanding blood circulation improving effects and antiplatelet effects. Thus, the composition can be used as medicines or functional health foods useful for preventing or treating blood clotting disorders.
Patent KR-20160064433-A (KR)
Inventor: YU YONG JAE
IPC: C09K11/06
Filed: 2014-11-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to an imidazole derivative substituted with an amine compound represented by chemical formula 1, and to an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The imidazole derivative reduces driving voltage of a device, improves light-emitting efficiency, and can extend lifespan. In the chemical formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description of the present invention.
Patent KR-20160065240-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SANG TAE
IPC: A01M29/30
Filed: 2014-11-28
Abstract: Disclosed is a wild animal control fence which can protect a farmland without harming wild animals. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the wild animal control fence surrounds a farmland while being installed in order to block or induce the migration of wild animals, and comprises a support and a net part. The wild animal control fence comprises: at least one sensor arranged on at least one among the support and the net part at regular intervals by unit sections of the fence; and a control means generating a predetermined alarm when a wild animal is sensed by a certain sensor of the at least one sensor, so the wild animal can be controlled.
Patent KR-20160067513-A (KR)
Title: COMPOSITION FOR IMPROVING CONDITION OF HAIR AND SCALP CONTAINING (2S)-1-O-LINOLENOYL-2-O-LINOLENOYL-3-O-β-D-GALACTOPYRANOSYL-SN-GLYCEROL
Inventor: PARK JUN SEONG
IPC: A61K8/60
Filed: 2014-12-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for improving a hair or scalp condition, wherein the composition contains (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-2-O-linolenoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol. More specifically, the present invention relates to a skin external application composition or a pharmaceutical composition having an excellent scalp purifying and soothing effect. By containing the component, the growth of hair is promoted, and a loss of hair may be prevented and alleviated. Stimulation to the scalp is alleviated, and dandruff and scalp inflammation are controlled, so an overall hair condition is improved. According to the present invention, the proliferation of cells of the scalp is activated, so the hair root is reinforced. Thus, effects in reducing a loss of hair and promoting the growth of hair are exhibited. At the same time, scalp itchiness and dandruff may be effectively prevented.
Patent KR-20160072675-A (KR)
Title: Interactive image segmentation apparatus and method
Inventor: KIM WON SIK
IPC: G06T7/00
Filed: 2014-12-15
Abstract: An interactive image segmenting device and a method thereof are disclosed. According to an embodiment, the image segmenting device comprises: a boundary detecting unit configured to detect a boundary in an image by using an image segmentation algorithm; a feedback input unit configured to receive user feedback with respect to the detected boundary; a condition generating unit configured to generate a constraint for the image segmentation algorithm in accordance with the user feedback; and a boundary modifying unit configured to modify the detected boundary by applying the generated constraint to the image segmentation algorithm. Therefore, the interactive image segmenting device can increase accuracy of image segmentation.
Patent KR-20160073009-A (KR)
Title: Watch for people having low vision
Inventor: KIM DONG CHUL
IPC: G04B25/02
Filed: 2014-12-16
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a watch for the blind comprises: a main body; a time display unit wherein an indicator moves to a predetermined portion on the main body based on time information; a minute display unit selectively protruding towards the outside of the main body based on the time information; an RTC generating a real time clock signal; a control unit generating the time information based on the real time clock signal, moving an indicator based on the time information, and selectively allowing the minute display unit to protrude based on the time information; and a power supply supplying power to the control unit. As such, the watch for the blind is able to even allow a blind person who does not know braille to conveniently tell time even when no sound is outputted.
Patent KR-20160073455-A (KR)
Title: Food composition for relieving hangover comprising Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
Inventor: KIM WON YONG
IPC: A61P25/32
Filed: 2014-12-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a food composition for relieving hangover, containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris or a culture liquid thereof as an active ingredient. Specifically, functional cream cheese is manufactured by using Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris having an ability to degrade ethanol and acetaldehyde. The functional cream cheese is preferably used as functional health food for relieving hangover, and in a broad sense, can minimize the accumulation of acetaldehyde capable of causing cancer in vivo, by degrading acetaldehyde which is an ethanol degraded product. In addition, the functional cream cheese is a cheese starter for lowering the unit cost compared with commercial cream cheese, and can be differentiated from cream cheese on the market.
Patent KR-20160073754-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JONG CHEOL
IPC: F24F11/00
Filed: 2014-12-17
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention relates to an air quality evaluation apparatus, an air quality evaluation system, and an air quality evaluation method. The air quality evaluation apparatus comprises: an air detection unit for detecting air quality information from surrounding air; a communications unit for transmitting a signal including the air quality information, and receiving a control signal based on the air quality information; and a control unit for controlling the air detection unit based on the control signal. Therefore, an air quality of a living space can be accurately evaluated.
Patent KR-20160075264-A (KR)
Inventor: BAEK NAK HYEON
IPC: B01F15/02
Filed: 2014-12-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a raw material supply device for a coal briquette manufacturing facility that performs continuous supply of a raw material supplied from a mixing machine to a molding machine by being disposed between the mixing machine producing the raw material by mixing powdered coal with a binder and the molding machine producing coal briquette by molding the raw material so that ball-shaped crumpling of the coal can be minimized by a structure of a blade disposed in a supply feeder being improved and significant ball growth can be prevented by the length of time during which the coal remains in the supply feeder being reduced, the supply device having a feeder main body forming an inner raw material accommodating space and having a raw material outlet disposed at a lower end, a rotary shaft rotatably disposed at the center in the feeder main body, a driving unit disposed in an upper portion of the feeder main body, connected to the rotary shaft, and rotating the rotary shaft, and the blade disposed on the rotary shaft and extending in a radius direction and a plurality of the blades being disposed in multiple stages apart from each other along an axial direction of the rotary shaft.
Patent KR-20160082823-A (KR)
Title: Composition for preventing or improving periodontal disease comprising mixture of Portulaca oleracea and Glechoma hederacea extracts as effective component
Inventor: OH HONG GEUN
IPC: A61P1/02
Filed: 2014-12-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a health functional food composition, a pharmaceutical composition, and a mouthwash composition for preventing or treating periodontal diseases, comprising a mixture of Portulaca oleracea and Glechoma hederacea extracts as an active ingredient.
Patent KR-20160082413-A (KR)
Title: Self piercing rivet system and method for joining using the same
Inventor: CHOI SEUNG KWON
IPC: B21J15/10
Filed: 2014-12-30
Abstract: Disclosed is a self-piercing rivet device, capable of being applied to a material of high stiffness and enhancing bondability of a nonferrous basic metal material lacking formability, comprising: (i) a punch unit including a punch load to punch a self-piercing rivet to a basic material, and installed to be movable in a vertical direction; and (ii) an anvil die installed to correspond to the punch unit, supporting the basic material wherein the punch unit and the anvil die has a heating source to heat a bonding part of the basic material, and a rotating part to rotate the punch rod which press-fits the self-piercing rivet to the basic material which may be installed in the punch unit.
Patent KR-20140054000-A (KR)
Inventor: ECKELMAN BRENDAN P
IPC: A61P31/00
Filed: 2012-06-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 분자, 구체적으로 폴리펩타이드, 더욱 구체적으로 세르핀 폴리펩타이드 또는 세르핀 유래 아미노산 서열 및 적어도 하나 이상의 Fc 폴리펩타이드 또는 Fc 폴리펩타이드 유래 아미노산 서열; 사이토카인 표적 폴리펩타이드 또는 사이토카인 표적 폴리펩타이드 유래 서열; WAP 도메인 포함 폴리펩타이드 또는 WAP 도메인 포함 폴리펩타이드 유래 서열; 및 알부민 폴리펩타이드 또는 혈청 알부민 유래 아미노산 서열을 포함하는 두 번째 폴리펩타이드를 포함하는 융합 단백질에 관한 것이다. 또한, 본 발명은 이러한 분자들을 다양한 치료 및 진단 지표로 이용하는 방법뿐만 아니라, 이러한 분자를 생산하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20140041893-A (KR)
Inventor: SAKUMOTO NAOKI
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 2012-07-27
Abstract: 하기 식 (1) 로 나타내는 반복 단위를 갖는 폴리아믹산에스테르와 유기 용매를 함유하는 액정 배향제.      
   
(식 (1) 에 있어서, X 1  은 4 가의 유기기이며, Y 1  은 2 가의 유기기이며, X 1  및 Y 1     중 적어도 일방에, 아미노기, 이미노기 및 함질소 복소 고리로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1 종류의 구조를 함유하고, R 1  은 탄소수 1 ∼ 5 의 알킬기이며, A 1  및 A 2  는 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 또는 치환기를 가져도 되는 탄소수 1 ∼ 10 의 알킬기, 알케닐기 혹은 알키닐기이다.)
Patent KR-20140068196-A (KR)
Inventor: MEYLAN ARNAUD
IPC: H04L12/26
Filed: 2012-09-17
Abstract: 백홀 품질을 추정하고, 인터넷 접속을 검출하고, 그리고 서버 부하를 관리하는 것과 관련된 시스템들, 방법들, 및 디바이스들이 본원에서 설명된다.     일부 양태들에서, 무선 디바이스는 활성 통신 링크의 특성을 결정하도록 구성된다.     그 디바이스는 제 1 액세스 제한에 기초하여 활성 통신 링크를 통해 서버 액세스하는 것에 대한 허용을 결정하도록 구성된 프로세서를 포함한다.     그 디바이스는 액세스하는 것에 대한 허용 시에 서버로부터의 통신에 대한 요청을 송신하도록 구성된 송신기를 더 포함한다.     그 디바이스는 요청에 응답하여, 통신 링크를 통해 서버로부터의 통신을 수신하도록 구성된 수신기를 더 포함한다.     프로세서는 추가로, 서버로부터의 통신에 기초하여 통신 링크의 특성을 결정하도록 구성된다.
Patent KR-20140071478-A (KR)
Inventor: WU KAHN C
IPC: H01L31/0216
Filed: 2012-09-26
Abstract: 태양 전지를 제조하는 방법이 개시된다.  방법은 도펀트 소스를 포함하는 에칭-저항성 도펀트 재료를 규소 기판 상에 침착시키는 단계, 에칭-저항성 도펀트 재료의 비-열적 경화를 사용하여 에칭-저항성 도펀트 재료 내에 가교결합된 매트릭스를 형성하는 단계, 및 도펀트 소스가 규소 기판 내로 확산되도록 하기에 충분한 온도로 규소 기판 및 에칭-저항성 도펀트 재료를 가열하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20140084142-A (KR)
Inventor: WALKER GORDON KENT
IPC: H04N21/61
Filed: 2012-10-05
Abstract: 일 예에서, 디바이스는 미디어 데이터의 제1 세그먼트를 수신하고 ― 제1 세그먼트의 미디어 데이터는 스트림 액세스 포인트를 포함함 ―, 미디어 데이터의 제2 세그먼트를 수신하고 ― 제2 세그먼트의 미디어 데이터는 제2 세그먼트의 시작에서 스트림 액세스 포인트가 결여됨 ―, 제1 세그먼트에 대한 데이터의 적어도 일부분에 대해 제2 세그먼트의 미디어 데이터의 적어도 일부분을 디코딩하도록 구성된 하나 이상의 프로세서들을 포함한다.  이러한 방식으로, 이 개시내용의 기법들은, 예를 들어, DASH(dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP: HTTP 상의 동적 적응형 스트리밍)에 대한 낮은 레이턴시 라이브 프로파일을 달성하기 위해 사용될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20140085528-A (KR)
Inventor: IWASAKI KENTARO
IPC: B28B11/02
Filed: 2012-10-19
Abstract: 환상 크랙의 발생에 의한 필터 성능의 저하를 억제할 수 있음과 함께, 환상 크랙의 확대를 억제할 수 있는 허니컴 구조체를 제공한다.     본 발명은 중심축 (CL) 을 따라 연장되는 주상의 허니컴 구조체 (10) 로서, 중심축 (CL) 의 연장 방향으로 서로 대향하는 제 1 단면 (10a) 및 제 2 단면 (10b) 과, 중심축 (CL) 을 따라 연장되는 복수의 제 1 유로 (Ra) 및 복수의 제 2 유로 (Rb) 를 형성하는 격벽 (10c) 을 갖고, 제 1 유로 (Ra) 는, 제 1 단면 (10a) 측이 개구되고, 제 2 단면 (10b) 측이 봉구되어 있고, 제 2 유로 (Rb) 는, 제 1 단면 (10a) 측이 봉구되고, 제 2 단면 (10b) 측이 개구되어 있고, 제 1 단면 (10a) 의 개구 비율은, 제 2 단면 (10b) 의 개구 비율보다 크고, 중심축 (CL) 의 연장 방향에서 보았을 때, 격벽 (10c) 을 사이에 두고 이웃하는 제 2 유로 (Rb) 를 환상으로 나열하여 형성된 환상 열 (W) 을 갖는다.