baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202126668-A (TW)
Title: Organotin oxide hydroxide patterning compositions, precursors, and patterning
Inventor: MEYERS STEPHEN T
IPC: G03F1/22
Filed: 2016-10-13
Abstract: Organometallic precursors are described for the formation of high resolution lithography patterning coatings based on metal oxide hydroxide chemistry. The precursor compositions generally comprise ligands readily hydrolysable by water vapor or other OH source composition under modest conditions. The organometallic precursors generally comprise a radiation sensitive organo ligand to tin that can result in a coating that can be effective for high resolution patterning at relatively low radiation doses and is particularly useful for EUV patterning. The precursors compositions are readily processable under commercially suitable conditions. Solution phase processing with in situ hydrolysis or vapor based deposition can be used to form the coatings.
Patent TW-202146024-A (TW)
Inventor: COOKE VESSELINA
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 2021-02-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination comprising dabrafenib, an Erk-inhibitor and a RAF inhibitor; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same; and methods of using such combinations and compositions in the treatment or prevention of conditions in which MAPK pathway inhibition is beneficial, for example, in the treatment of cancers.
Patent TW-202146039-A (TW)
Title: 用於自身免疫性病症之化合物
Inventor: FERNANDEZ-SOUSA JOSE MARIA
IPC: A61K38/15
Filed: 2021-03-02
Abstract: 本發明系關於化合物於治療自身免疫性病症（特別系用於治療類風濕性關節炎）時之用途。
Patent TW-202146045-A (TW)
Inventor: CAMPBELL JOHN D
IPC: A61P31/14
Filed: 2021-03-02
Abstract: 本發明係關於免疫原性組合物，其包含嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)抗原及鐸樣受體9 (TLR9)促效劑，諸如包含未甲基化胞苷-磷酸基-鳥苷(CpG)模體之寡核苷酸。該等免疫原性組合物適用於刺激有需要之個體中針對SARS-CoV-2之免疫反應。
Patent TW-202204496-A (TW)
Title: Preform and method for producing same
Inventor: TSUMURA YUSUKE
IPC: C08J5/24
Filed: 2021-03-18
Abstract: The present invention provides a preform which is obtained by stacking two or more prepreg cut bodies, each of which is obtained by cutting a sheet-like prepreg into a predetermined shape, said sheet-like prepreg being formed of a matrix resin and reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction. This preform is characterized in that at least one prepreg cut body has first incisions that are regularly distributed throughout the whole in-plane region and second incisions that are longer than the first incisions, while being provided in a predetermined specific region. The present invention also provides a method for producing this preform. In cases where a fiber-reinforced resin molded article, which specifically has a product shape with a thickness change, is obtained by press molding with use of this preform, the present invention enables the achievement of a molded article having excellent mechanical characteristics with excellent material yield and excellent production efficiency, while exhibiting high fillability of a molding material into a cavity. Especially in cases where an article with thickness change or an article having a complicated three-dimensional shape is molded, the present invention is capable of easily avoiding the problem of bridging of fibers or the occurrence of a resin-rich part or warping.
Patent TW-202237040-A (TW)
Title: 手術裝置
Inventor: CHEN CHIH-WEI
IPC: A61B90/00
Filed: 2021-03-24
Abstract: 一種固持手術工具的手術裝置包括一多軸運動平臺具有穩定端及運動端，所述多軸運動平臺配置為在所述運動端及所述穩定端之間產生相對運動；一殼體固設至所述穩定端；一馬達具有一旋轉介面，當所述手術工具被固持於所述旋轉介面時，所述馬達配置為通過所述旋轉介面旋轉所述手術工具；一適配器連接至所述多軸運動平臺並與所述運動端呈方向性固定，所述適配器配置為與所述運動端同動，並所述適配器包括一手術工具停止器，其中，當所述手術工具從所述旋轉介面掉落時，所述手術工具停止器配置為接住所述手術工具；一手術工具零閂鎖介面暴露於所述適配器中，並且配置為提供吸引力以將所述手術工具固持於所述旋轉介面。
Patent TW-202205312-A (TW)
Title: Transparent electrically conductive film, and method for manufacturing transparent electrically conductive film
Inventor: MIZUNO Yuto
IPC: H01B5/02
Filed: 2021-03-26
Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a transparent electrically conductive film provided with an electrically conductive portion with which nanowire network visibility is suppressed, which has excellent transparency and low resistance, and which has high adhesion with respect to a transparent film. This transparent electrically conductive film is provided with a transparent film having grooves on the surface, and electrically conductive portions present within the grooves. The electrically conductive portions consist of a siloxane layer including palladium, present on the inner surface of each groove, and an electrically conductive material present on the siloxane layer. The line width W of the electrically conductive portions is 0.2 to 10 [mu]m, and the ratio H/W of the height H of the electrically conductive portions to the line width W of the electrically conductive portions is 1 to 5.
Patent TW-202242048-A (TW)
Title: Manufacturing method of electronic product and low-temperature debonding method
Inventor: CHEN CHUN-FA
IPC: C09J7/38
Filed: 2021-04-16
Abstract: A low-temperature debonding method including the following steps is provided: applying a low-temperature debonding glue to bond an object at a second temperature; and placing the low-temperature debonding glue at a third temperature to separate the low-temperature debonding glue from the object, wherein the third temperature is less than the second temperature.
Patent TW-202241348-A (TW)
Inventor: HUANG MING-I
IPC: A61B5/024
Filed: 2021-04-21
Abstract: 本發明提供了一種脈搏感測器及脈搏感測系統。脈搏感測器包含壓力感測電路、參考電路及輸出電路。壓力感測電路可感測脈搏震動以產生感測訊號。參考電路可依據基準訊號以產生參考訊號。輸出電路的第一輸入端耦接壓力感測電路。輸出電路的第二輸入端耦接參考電路。輸出電路依據感測訊號以及參考訊號的差以於輸出電路的輸出端產生脈搏感測電流。
Patent TW-202238479-A (TW)
Title: Operating method for electronic apparatus for offering item information and electronic apparatus supporting thereof
Inventor: CHANG CATHERINE
IPC: G06F16/2457
Filed: 2021-04-22
Abstract: Disclosed is a method of offering item information by an electronic apparatus, the method including confirming information on an item based on a first input of a user, confirming information on a category related to the item, confirming a review on the item and information on a reviewer who has written the review, and providing a first page including the information on the item, the review, and the information on the reviewer, in which when information on a review set written by the reviewer for at least some of a plurality of items included in the category satisfies a specific condition, the information on the reviewer includes first information indicating that the reviewer is an excellent reviewer related to the category.
Patent TW-202146234-A (TW)
Title: Seamless can
Inventor: KASHIWAKURA TAKUYA
IPC: B65D23/08
Filed: 2021-04-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a seamless can formed from a coated metal sheet. The present invention provides a highly decorative seamless can. The entire can outer surface is coated with a polyester-based outer surface coating in which a color pigment is contained in an amount of less than 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a polyester resin, so that the entire can outer surface including the bottom is colored. Therefore, the outer surface coating is prevented from being scraped off by severe working such as drawing and ironing, and the entire can including the can bottom is colored without undergoing a printing process.
Patent TW-202202062-A (TW)
Inventor: VLAAR ERIK JACOBUS
IPC: A47B21/013
Filed: 2021-05-18
Abstract: The disclosure relates to an accessory support device, comprising a support structure that defines a base plane, comprising an input device support portion arranged to support input devices that extends from a front of the accessory support device facing a user to a rear of the accessory support device located further away from the user. And comprising an inclined portion that is supported on the support structure that extends in an inclined plane upward relative to the base plane facing away from a 
user. The accessory support device further comprises an upright portion that is supported on the support structure or on the inclined portion that extends in a mainly upright plane relative to the base plane from the rear of the accessory support device.
Patent TW-202137976-A (TW)
Title: Composition containing plant extracts and uses thereof for repairing damaged human skin fibroblast cells
Inventor: LIN YUNG-HSIANG
IPC: A61K36/82
Filed: 2018-04-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition including a plant extract that is used to repair damaged human skin fibroblast cells. The composition consists of combination of one of the extracts of black tea, green tea, Puerh tea, Four Seasons Spring tea, red wine, blueberry or grape seed and the extract of citrus.
Patent TW-202205436-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN SHIH-CHENG
IPC: H01L21/84
Filed: 2021-07-06
Abstract: 本發明的半導體裝置包括主動區，其包括通道區以及與通道區相鄰的源極/汲極區；多個通道部件的垂直堆疊，位於通道區上；閘極結構，位於通道部件的垂直堆疊周圍與之上；底部介電結構，位於源極/汲極區上；源極/汲極結構，位於底部介電結構上；以及鍺層，位於底部介電結構與源極/汲極區之間。
Patent TW-202209745-A (TW)
Title: Nonwoven fabric separator
Inventor: KUSAKABE JUNICHI
IPC: H01M50/417
Filed: 2021-07-13
Abstract: The present invention provides a nonwoven fabric separator which has excellent ion permeability. The present invention provides a nonwoven fabric separator which contains a polyolefin-based nonwoven fabric, wherein the permeability parameters expressed by formulae (1) and (2) are satisfied. (1): |Pmax| ≤ 38.5 dB (2): Tmax ≤ 11.5 minutes (In the formulae, both Pmax and Tmax are parameters each indicating a permeability, and Pmax shows the attenuation degree of ultrasound transmission in a state where the nonwoven fabric separator is filled with water, while Tmax shows the time until the nonwoven fabric separator is filled with water.).
Patent TW-202221567-A (TW)
Title: Vehicle identification method, electronic device and computer readable storage medium
Inventor: He zhi-qun
IPC: B60R21/013
Filed: 2021-07-15
Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle identification method, an electronic device and a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes: acquiring the image to be processed including the first vehicle to be recognized; Performing the first feature extraction process on the image to be processed to obtain the first feature data including the local feature information of the first vehicle to be recognized; Performing the second feature extraction process on the image to be processed to obtain the second feature data including the global feature information of the first vehicle to be recognized; Fusing the first feature data and the second feature data to obtain the third feature data of the first vehicle to be identified; the third feature data is used to obtain the recognition result of the first vehicle to be recognized.
Patent TW-202220346-A (TW)
Title: Coil insertion device and coil insertion method
Inventor: HASHIMOTO AYUMU
IPC: H02K15/06
Filed: 2021-09-22
Abstract: Provided are a coil insertion device and a coil insertion method which shorten a coil end. This coil insertion device (100) inserts a coil (10) into a plurality of slots (21) from one side toward the the other side in the axial direction, said coil (10) being formed by winding a coil wire in a ring shape, said plurality of slots (21) passing through in the axial direction of a stator core (20). The coil insertion device (100) comprises: a coil moving mechanism disposed inside the stator core (20) in the radial direction and moving in the axial direction to move the coil (10); a plurality of blades (110) disposed in the circumferential direction of the stator core (20) inside the stator core (20) in the radial direction and outside the coil moving mechanism in the radial direction, extending in the axial direction of the stator core (20), and holding the coil (10); and a connecting member (130) connecting the other sides of the plurality of blades (110) in the axial direction and moving from one side toward the other side in the axial direction.
Patent TW-202236568-A (TW)
Title: Semiconductor device
Inventor: HUANG CHUN-HSIEN
IPC: H01L23/522
Filed: 2021-09-23
Abstract: In some implementations, one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a metal cap on a metal gate. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form one or more dielectric layers on the metal cap. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may form a recess to the metal cap within the one or more dielectric layers. The one or more semiconductor processing tools may perform a bottom-up deposition of metal material on the metal cap to form a metal plug within the recess and directly on the metal cap.
Patent TW-202219617-A (TW)
Title: 顯示裝置
Inventor: KIMURA HAJIME
IPC: G02F1/16766
Filed: 2011-06-21
Abstract: 在藉由施加電場於充電物質而顯示影像之裝置中，提供減少後像之結構及該結構之製造方法。該裝置為顯示裝置，其包括複數像素電極及配置於該像素電極上之充電層(包括充電物質之層)。該複數像素電極之中彼此相鄰的二像素電極之一的一端具有沿端面方向之凹部，及該像素電極之另一者的一端具有沿端面方向之凸部。在該凹部及該凸部成一組的狀態下，間隙形成於該二像素電極之間。
Patent TW-202214135-A (TW)
Title: Aerosol generating device
Inventor: WRIGHT ALEC
IPC: A24F47/00
Filed: 2021-10-05
Abstract: An aerosol generating device (2) is disclosed. The aerosol generating device (2) comprises a housing (4) and a heating chamber (6) arranged to receive an aerosol substrate (8). The heating chamber (6) is operable to heat the aerosol substrate (8) to generate an aerosol. A first airflow passage (10) is arranged to transport air from a first air inlet (12) in the housing (4) into or through the aerosol generating device, wherein the first airflow passage (10) comprises a valve (14) having an aperture (16), and wherein a size of the aperture (16) is adjustable to alter an airflow through the first airflow passage (10).
Patent TW-202236780-A (TW)
Title: Driving circuit and driving method of fan motor, cooling device and electronic apparatus using the fan motor
Inventor: ONO MITSUHO
IPC: H02K7/14
Filed: 2021-12-01
Abstract: The present disclosure provides a driving circuit of a fan motor to shorten a start time. The driving circuit drives the fan motor with a sensor. A control logic circuit controls an inverter circuit connected to the fan motor according to a Hall signal that indicates a position of a rotor of the fan motor. When the driving circuit is given an instruction to start a rotation, if the fan motor rotates at a speed lower than a predetermined rotational speed, the drive circuit starts the fan motor by sequentially switching between a second state in which the rotor is fixed at an initial position, a third state in which the fan motor is forcibly and synchronously started, and a fourth state in which the fan motor is Hall-driven.
Patent TW-202242546-A (TW)
Title: Resist composition and resist pattern forming method
Inventor: IKEDA TAKUYA
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2021-12-17
Abstract: To provide a resist composition contains a polymer compound having a constituent unit (a01) derived from a compound represented by general formula (a0-1). In the formula, W01 represents a polymerizable group-containing group; Ct represents a tertiary carbon atom; Xt represents a group forming a monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group together with Ct; some or all of hydrogen atoms of the monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with substituents; some of carbon atoms constituting the ring may be substituted with heteroatoms; and Ra01 represents a linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
Patent TW-202231703-A (TW)
Title: Epoxy resin composition, adhesive film, printed wiring board, semiconductor chip package, semiconductor device, and method for using adhesive film
Inventor: ONIZUKA KENZO
IPC: C08L63/00
Filed: 2021-12-20
Abstract: Provided is an epoxy resin composition including an epoxy resin (A) and a latent curing agent (B) wherein the latent curing agent (B) is solid at 25 DEG C.
Patent TW-202243041-A (TW)
Title: A method for printing solder onto a wafer and system thereof
Inventor: Teoh Boon Seng
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2021-12-28
Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for printing solder onto a wafer (101) comprising the steps of depositing solder paste (102) onto a wafer (101), applying an inline reflow process to the deposited solder paste (102) to form solder bumps (103) on the wafer (101), and cleaning the reflowed solder bumps (103). The method for printing solder onto the wafer (101) is based on a system thereof which comprises a wafer solder printer (1), an inline reflow means (2) and a de-fluxing means (3), wherein each step has its parameters optimized by means of a staging process control.
Patent TW-202218174-A (TW)
Inventor: WADE MARK
IPC: H01L31/0232
Filed: 2018-02-23
Abstract: A photonic chip includes a substrate, an electrical isolation region formed over the substrate, and a front end of line (FEOL) region formed over the electrical isolation region. The photonic chip also includes an optical coupling region. The electrical isolation region and the FEOL region and a portion of the substrate are removed within the optical coupling region. A top surface of a the substrate within the optical coupling region includes a plurality of grooves configured to receive and align a plurality of optical fibers. The grooves are formed at a vertical depth within the substrate to provide for alignment of optical cores of the plurality of optical fibers with the FEOL region when the plurality of optical fibers are positioned within the plurality of grooves within the optical coupling region.
Patent TW-202331332-A (TW)
Title: Optical Imaging Lens
Inventor: XU SHU-JUAN
IPC: G02B9/64
Filed: 2022-01-19
Abstract: An optical imaging lens, in order from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, includes a first lens assembly, an aperture, and a second lens assembly. The first lens assembly includes a first lens having negative refractive power, a second lens having negative refractive power, and a third lens having positive refractive power. The second lens assembly includes a fourth lens having positive refractive power, a fifth lens having positive refractive power, a sixth lens having negative refractive power, and a seventh lens having positive refractive power. The optical imaging lens satisfies: -0.5 < F/fg1 < -0.1; F is a focal length of the optical imaging lens and fg1 is a focal length of the first lens assembly, thereby achieving the effect of high image quality.
Patent TW-202231384-A (TW)
Title: Die casting machine having improved mounting plate
Inventor: SCHLAPFER ELIAS
IPC: B22D17/22
Filed: 2022-02-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mounting plate (1, 9), in particular a fixed mounting plate (1), for a die casting machine, wherein the mounting plate (1, 9) has a dome-shaped cavity (4, 14), the base of which is in the second side (1b, 9b) of the mounting plate (1) and is open and which tapers towards the centroid of the receiving openings (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) on the first side (1a, 9a). The present invention further relates to a die casting machine (D) having such a mounting plate (1, 9).
Patent TW-202334628-A (TW)
Title: 液體量測載片及其量測方法
Inventor: CHENG SHIH-MIN
IPC: G01N1/10
Filed: 2022-02-16
Abstract: 本發明提供一種液體量測載片，包含兩載片基底相互平行設置，其中該兩載片基底之間包含有一流道空間，一液體灌入該流道空間內，以及一第一電極以及一第二電極，分別設置於該流道空間的兩個相對端點，並封住該流道空間的兩個側邊。本發明具有結構簡單、省時、節省成本、高精確度等優點。
Patent TW-202335425-A (TW)
Title: 太陽能板模組之改良結構
Inventor: LU FU-YUAN
IPC: H02S30/10
Filed: 2022-02-25
Abstract: 一種太陽能板模組之改良結構，包含有搭接板與太陽能板模組；前述的搭接板具有至少一個平面部及至少兩個凹面部所構成，該平面部兩端分別連接凹面部；前述的太陽能板模組係安裝於該搭接板上；其特徵在於：該搭接板的材質以玻璃纖維或者碳纖維所製造的板材；該太陽能板模組包括有太陽能晶片層，藉由結合材接合於搭接板之平面部或者接合於搭接板之凹面部的每一面，再以封裝材由太陽能板模組上方將該太陽能晶片層及結合材包覆封裝在搭接板上；據此，該太陽能板模組能夠增加太陽光的光照面積以及提高太陽光的光照時間，藉此提高發電的效率。
Patent TW-202242173-A (TW)
Title: Deposition of vanadium-containing films
Inventor: IVANOV SERGEI V
IPC: C23C16/06
Filed: 2022-04-15
Abstract: The disclosed and claimed subject matter relates to a method for depositing vanadium-containing films including vanadium nitride and vanadium oxynitride. The method generally includes (i) contacting a substrate with vanadium oxytrichloride vapor in a deposition reactor, (ii) purging any unreacted vanadium oxytrichloride with inert gas, (iii) contacting the substrate with a nitrogen containing reactant in a deposition reactor and (iv) purging any unreacted nitrogen containing reactant with inert gas. Additional steps can be included, for example substrate (v) treatment with plasma to remove residual oxygen from oxynitride film.
Patent TW-202309994-A (TW)
Title: Substrate processing method and substrate processing apparatus
Inventor: SHIBATA SHUICHI
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2022-04-27
Abstract: A substrate treatment method according to the present invention comprises: a step for holding a substrate in a horizontal attitude; a step for supplying a treatment liquid to the upper surface of the substrate, rotating the substrate around the vertical axis, and forming a liquid film of the treatment liquid on the upper surface of the substrate; a step for detecting the film thickness of the liquid film; and a step for, when the film thickness detection result is a prescribed target value, disposing a plasma generation source so as to face the upper surface of the substrate and irradiating the liquid film with plasma from the plasma generation source. According to this invention, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the treatment liquid and suitably treat the substrate.
Patent TW-202301786-A (TW)
Inventor: HOUSTON MICHAEL JASON
IPC: H02M1/08
Filed: 2022-05-05
Abstract: 本發明闡述用於操作一多相電壓調節器之方法及系統。該多相電壓調節器可包含複數個功率級。一控制器可連接至該複數個功率級。該控制器可偵測該複數個功率級當中經啟動功率級之一數目。該控制器可調整該控制器之一電流感測反饋迴路之一增益以控制該多相電壓調節器之一負載瞬態回應。對該增益之該調整可基於經啟動功率級之該數目。
Patent TW-202304968-A (TW)
Inventor: CHO DER-YANG
IPC: A61K35/17
Filed: 2022-05-23
Abstract: 本發明是關於一種多特異性單域抗體嵌合抗原受體及T細胞銜接體、核酸、其表達細胞、其用途及治療癌症之醫藥組合物。多特異性單域抗體嵌合抗原受體及T細胞銜接體包含HLA-G單域抗體嵌合抗原受體和雙特異性T細胞銜接體，其中HLA-G單域抗體嵌合抗原受體包含HLA-G單域抗體單元、跨膜域和CD3z訊息傳遞域，雙特異性T細胞銜接體包含PD-L1單域抗體單元和CD3e單域抗體。多特異性單域抗體嵌合抗原受體及T細胞銜接體可誘導腫瘤細胞死亡且具有優異的抑制腫瘤生長的效果，藉此，可用於製備誘導哺乳類動物之腫瘤細胞死亡之藥物以及作為治療癌症之醫藥組合物。
Patent TW-202301913-A (TW)
Inventor: YANG YANG
IPC: H05H1/46
Filed: 2022-06-06
Abstract: 本文提供的實施例大體包括用於產生在處理室中電漿處理基板的波形的設備、電漿處理系統及方法。本揭示案的實施例包括用於產生脈衝電壓波形的設備及方法，該設備及方法包括在產生脈衝電壓波形的過程的第一階段期間將主電壓源耦合到電極，其中電極安置在處理室內，在產生脈衝電壓波形的過程的第二階段期間將接地節點耦合到電極，在產生脈衝電壓波形的過程的第三階段期間將第一補償電壓源耦合到電極，並在產生脈衝電壓波形的過程的第四階段期間將第二補償電壓源耦合到電極。
Patent TW-202321768-A (TW)
Title: 光學系統及包括該光學系統之攝影機模組
Inventor: SIN DOO-SHIK
IPC: G02B13/18
Filed: 2022-06-17
Abstract: 一種根據本發明之一實施例所揭示之光學系統包括沿著一光軸在自物件側至感測器側之一方向上安置之第一透鏡至第九透鏡，其中該第一透鏡、該第五透鏡及該第九透鏡在該光軸上具有負折射能力，且該第四透鏡及該第八透鏡在該光軸上具有正(+)折射能力，且該第一透鏡之一物件側表面包括一第一臨界點，其中該第一臨界點安置在該第一透鏡之該物件側表面相對於該光軸之一有效半徑的20%至50%之一範圍內。
Patent TW-202310926-A (TW)
Title: Method for operating ion exchange device
Inventor: OKUMURA MASATAKE
IPC: C02F103/02
Filed: 2022-07-01
Abstract: The method for operating an ion exchange device employed in the present invention involves: measuring, during a cycle of water flowing and regeneration, a raw water load which is the product of the flow rate of raw water in a water flowing step and the ion concentration of a target component in the raw water; calculating, through simulation, a predicted amount of water that can be sampled by an ion exchange resin on the basis of the raw water load, wherein, in the simulation, performance change tendency information pertaining to the ion exchange resin is preliminarily acquired, and the simulation is conducted while correcting simulation conditions in consideration of the performance change tendency information; setting a water sampling amount controlling value on the basis of the calculated predicted amount of water that can be sampled; and switching from the water flowing step to a regeneration step at the time when the amount of sampled raw water in the water flowing step reaches the water sampling amount controlling value.