baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1352940-A (GB)
Title: Optical examination of surface roughness
IPC: G01B11/30
Filed: 1971-06-25
Abstract: 1352940 Photo-electric surface testing INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 25 June 1971 [30 June 1970] 29824/71 Heading G1A A surface is investigated in respect of its elemental profile or the predominance of one slope by an arrangement in which reflected light is imaged and the image is scanned. In Fig. 1 light from source 3 diffusely reflected by surface 1 is imaged in a plane 5, a screen 7 for suppressing specular deflection being provided in focal plane 6 of lens 4. In Fig.2 apertured diaphragms 9 and 11 are provided in planes 5 and 6 the aperture 9a being positioned so that a photo-cell 10 mounted on the diaphragm can investigate light emanating from an area of surface 1 corresponding to the position of the aperture 9a, and diaphragm 11 being moved to scan the focal plane to obtain a maximum reading at which the diaphragm position is recorded. In Fig.3 a prism 12 of light attenuating material is mounted with its apex in the focal plane 6, and nas two differently polarizing elements 13, 14 for light reflected by the two different slopes. The polarized image is transmitted to a pair of photo-detectors 10a, 10b by a beam splitting Wollaston prism 16, and the difference in output from the photo-detectors indicates the predominant slope. A modification of Fig. 3 described with reference to Fig. 6 (not shown) uses a single photo-detector and has a shutter which is movable alternately to admit the respective beams split by the prism to the photo-detector.
Patent GB-298952-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in high frequency telephone systems
IPC: H04M7/16
Filed: 1928-10-17
Abstract: 298,952. Telefunken Ges. f³r Drahtlose Telegraphie. Oct. 17, 1927, [Convention date]. Wired-wireless signalling ; calling systems.-In a system in which calls arriving in high-frequency form from a long-distance line L or from the ether are directed to a wanted low-frequency line La, Lb, one or other of two tone signals to indicate that the wanted line is being rung or is busy is sent back by high-frequency currents modulated by a generator F or G brought into action by the ringing relay R or busy relay B. The relays R, B are associated with the incoming conversion channel E. The outgoing conversion channel S is brought into action either by the ring- ing relay R or by the line relay A of the wanted line. Ringing tone may be dispensed with, the mere return of high-frequency current from the channel S serving as a signal that ringing is in process. The tone currents may be collected from the direct-current dynamo that feeds the high-frequency apparatus. A single tone, continuous or interrupted, may be employed. Specification 267,151 is refererd to.
Patent GB-1270262-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to metering units for bottle filling
IPC: B65B3/32
Filed: 1968-01-27
Abstract: 1,270,262. Liquid dispensing apparatus. ALBRO FILLERS & ENG. CO. Ltd., and M. J. HAMBLIN. 25 April, 1969 [27 Jan., 1968], No. 29976/71. Divided out of 1,270,261. Heading B8N. Apparatus for dispensing measured quantities of liquid includes a metering unit comprising a piston 14 freely movable in a transparent cylinder 13 and a rotary valve 41 for permitting supply of liquid to one side of the piston and simultaneously discharge of liquid from the other side of the piston and vice versa. With the rotary valve 41 in the position shown liquid under pressure supplied via inlet pipe 17 passes via pipe 47 into the upper end of the cylinder. The piston is thus forced down to discharge via bores (not shown), bore 53 and left-most passage 52, liquid contained below the piston. Rotation of the valve to a second position reverses the action of the unit. The valve, supply pipe 17 and discharge pipe 18 are releasably retained in bores in valve housing 15 by a shoe 57 provided with slots 59,.60 coacting with headed parts of the pipes 17 and 18 and the valve. The cylinder frictionally receives endplates 44, 45. The unit is clamped (as shown in Fig. 1) between a support plate 6 provided with apertures to receive pins 58 (only one being shown) and a clamping member 11. The support plate is vertically adjustable on a stand 1. The amount of liquid dispensed can be varied by placing different size cylindrical rings on the piston.
Patent GB-336409-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in direct current electromotors
IPC: H02P7/06
Filed: 1929-10-03
Abstract: 336,409. B÷hm, F. Oct. 3, 1929. Exciting.-A continuous-current dynamo-electric machine operating solely as a motor has an auxiliary brush for each pair of main brushes, the auxiliary brush being connected to the positive main brush through a resistance. In Fig. 1, the auxiliary brush c is located at an angle of about 55‹ to the positive brush + b. The starter has an armature resistance d and a field resistance f and the starter arm, Fig. 7, carries, in addition to contacts bearing on the segments d<1>, f<1> and g, a contact p carried on an insulating piece o and bearing on segments i and k. A constant resistance h is connected between the starter terminal H and the contact segment i so that resistance is connected across the auxiliary brush c and the positive main brush when the segments i, k are connected by the contact p. When the starter arm is in the position I, the field coils e are fully excited, the whole of the resistance d is in the armature circuit, and the resistance h is connected across the auxiliarv brush and the positive main brush. In the starter position II the armature resistance is cut out and the resistance h is disconnected. In the modification shown in Fig. 2, regulatable resistance h<1> is connected in series with the resistance h and is introduced as the armature resistance is cut out. In Fig. 3, the resistance h<1> is connected in such a manner that in starter position I, both sections h and h<1> are in circuit, the part h<1> being cut out together with the armature resistance. In both forms shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the auxiliary brush resistance is cut out in position II of the starter. The segments i, k, Fig. 1 may be extended so that the resistance h is in circuit throughout the regulation and similarly, the contacts k, Fig. 2 and 3 may be extended and extended segments provided for the resistance h<1> so that the resistance element h is in circuit throughout the regulation of the field resistance. The commutator has a large number of segments, a small air gap is employed with accurately ground faces and the axial length of the machine is about 30 per cent above that of normal constructions. The windings are insulated with enamel and the armature preferably has ball or roller bearings. Specification 277, 300 is referred to.
Patent GB-1072457-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to synchronising control circuit arrangements for digitally coded signals
Inventor: REED JOHN
IPC: H04L7/02
Filed: 1964-07-28
Abstract: 1,072,457. Data transmission. MARCONI CO: Ltd. May 11, 1965 [July 28; 1964], No. 30037/64. Heading H4P. In a synchronizing circuit transitions in received data pass to a sync. control circuit, also fed by pulses derived from a reference source. The-control circuit marks one or other of two output channels, dependent upon whether the pulses lead or lag the transitions. Means responsive tothe difference between the number-of marks on the two channels correct the timing of the pulses: The invention is characterized in that the amount of correction applied in response to a given difference in one sense is different from the amount of correction applied in response to the same difference in the other sense. The embodiments have control circuits 10, Figs: 4, 5 and- 6 (not shown), comprising two AND gates 101, 102 fed by the transitions and, respectively, by a clock pulse train and its inverse. In one embodiment the gates feedan asymmetric differential counter 15, and in another two frequencydividers 13, 14 having different factors. The counter or dividers briefly change; by ŒR, the factor pof a divider 3 fed by a stable source 1. The divider 3 feeds a further divider 4 from which is obtained the clock pulse train and from which sampling pulses are derived. In a further embodiment, the dividers 13, 14 control a phase shifter 17 which replaces the divider 3. Alternatively, the asymmetry is exercized by the divider 3 or by the phase shifter 17.
Patent GB-173916-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the control of electric circuits
IPC: H02P1/20
Filed: 1920-10-25
Abstract: 173,916. Igranic Electric Co., Ltd., and Yerger, C. W. Oct. 25, 1920. Master control system.-In order to give definite time intervals between the short circuiting of successive resistance steps for starting motors and other purposes, electromagnetic, contactors have their windings connected to relays which open immediately on receiving current and afterwards close slowly. Fig. 1 shows an alternating-current motor M controlled in this manner with two resistance steps R. R'. A contactor for short-circuiting the step R has its winding 2 connected to contacts 6, 8 of a relay 4 which opens as soon as current reaches its winding 9 and afterwards closes at a rate depending on a dash-pot 10. The winding 9 is in series with the winding of an initial contactor 1 and the parts are so dimensioned that the increased impedance of the winding 1 due to the closure of its magnetic circuit weakens the current through the winding 9 sufficiently to determine the required reclosing of the contacts 6, 8. A contactor 3 for short-circuiting the second resistance step is similarly connected. Electric interlocks 1<a>, 2<a> ensure the correct order of operation of the contactors. In a modified arrangement adapted for alternating and direct current motors, the weakening of the relay current is brought about by the insertion of resistances in series with the windings 9.
Patent GB-609223-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in containers for powder or other finely divided materials
IPC: A47G19/24
Filed: 1945-11-13
Abstract: 609,223. Powder distributers. ROSE, A. G., and ROSE BROS. (GAINSBOROUGH) Ltd. Nov. 13, 1945. No. 30319. [Classes 18 and 125 (iii)] A container for table salt, powder and the like has a valve closure 15 connected by a rod 16 to a diaphragm 18 of rubber or like material located near the base of the container to support the contents. When the container is inverted, the weight of the rod 16 and lock nuts 19, 20, together with the weight of the contents, moves the valve from its seating to allow the powder to flow from the nozzle. As shown, the diaphragm is h e I d between the body 11 and a locking ring 17 and is connected to the rod 16 by locking nuts 19, 20. The valve ball 15 and its seating 13 are of stainless steel and the body 11, with its push-on or screw cap 12, is formed of plastic material.
Patent GB-483842-A (GB)
Title: Travelling cranes
IPC: B66C23/62
Filed: 1936-11-06
Abstract: 483,842. Jib cranes mounted on vehicles ; turntables. FARNSWORTH, A. W. Nov. 6, 1936, Nos. 30331/36, 31339/36, and 9310/37. [Classes 78 (iv), 78 (v), and 104 (ii)] The platform 6 of a travelling jib crane is supported for slewing movement on a vehicle chassis 1 by a centre post 5, an inner circular roller race 7 and an outer segmental race or races 11, the latter extending across the width of the chassis and permitting heavier loads to be handled within a limited arc about the longitudinal axis. Ground engaging members 18 mounted on crossbeams 10 carrying the races 11 may be lowered by winding mechanism 17 to relieve the chassis of the weight of the crane when in operation. The jib comprises a cantilever frame with angularly arranged channel girders 23 supported. by rollers 22 on trunnion arms 25 pivoted to uprights 20. Ropes 30 and 31 are wound in opposite directions on winding drums 29, their ends being secured to the jib. The arrangement of the girders 23 causes the jib to be elevated as it is wound out by the drums 29. An electric motor 27 driving the drums 29 alternatively drives a winch 42 the rope of which passes through guide sheaves 44. Slewing is effected by an electric motor 37, and hoisting by a motor 35. The three motors are supplied. by a generator 43 connected to a power take-off on the vehicle gear box.
Patent GB-816551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to permanent magnet support devices
IPC: B23Q3/154
Filed: 1955-10-24
Abstract: 816,551. Permanent magnets. DEUTSCHE EDELSTAHLWERKE A.G. Oct. 24, 1955 [Oct. 29, 1954], No. 30349/55. Class 35. [Also in Group XXIII] A magnetic work-holder comprises permanent magnets 6, Fig. 1, and polepieces 3 which may be moved relatively to one another to locate the polepieces at the neutral zone of the magnets for the purpose of eliminating or diminishing the holding force at the workengaging surface 2. The magnets 6, which may be of hardenable iron-nickel-aluminium with or without further alloying elements or of an oxidic magnetic material, are assembled with strips 7 of iron to form a unit 5 which may be displaced by an eccentric shaft 8 until the magnets 6 are centrally disposed beneath the polepieces 3 to diminish the holding force. The polepieces 3 are preferably of soft iron. In Fig. 3, the neutral zones 13 are formed by strips of soft iron disposed between magnets 12<SP>1</SP>, 12<SP>11</SP> which magnetize the polepieces through soft iron strips 7. The holding force is reduced by displacing the unit 5 until the strips 13 are in alignment with the polepieces 3. In a further construction, the work-holding surface is circular and provided with an extension for clamping in a lathe chuck. A milled rotatable disc operates the magnet assembly through eccentrics. Specification 770,382 is referred to.
Patent GB-418706-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to relay systems for producing amplified torque
IPC: G05D3/18
Filed: 1933-11-01
Abstract: 418,706. Valve amplifying circuits. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd., Crown House, Aldwych, London.-(Assignees of Alexanderson, E. F. W. ; 8, Adams Road, Schenectady, New York, U.S.A.) Nov. 1, 1933, No. 30362. Convention date, Nov. 2, 1932. [Class 40 (v).] In a system wherein sensitive movements produce strengthened movements for control purposes, the sensitive element controls a reactance bridge which alters the phase of voltage applied to valve apparatus to cause rotation of an electric motor in one or other direction. In the arrangement shown in the Figure rotation of the handle 12 displaces, through differential mechanism, 70, 71, the armature 67 of a reactance bridge to upset the balance and thereby vary the phase relations of the grids and anodes of the valve apparatus 14 in such manner that the motor 11 is driven in one or other direction to effect the desired control and restore the armature 67 to its neutral position. The valve equipment comprises pairs of valves 22, 221, 23, 24, which may be of the vapour filled type, the anode circuits being supplied from mains 32 and the grids, through a biassing transformer 47 supplied from a different phase of the mains. Unbalance of the bridge results in application of voltage between the points 63, 64 the phase of the voltage being determined by the direction of movement of the armature 67. According to the phase of the voltage the motor 11 is driven in one or other direction as a result of the relative grid control of the pairs of valves.
Patent GB-912493-A (GB)
Title: Waveguide isolators
Inventor: SMITH FREDERICK WARREN
IPC: H01P1/365
Filed: 1960-09-02
Abstract: 912,493. Waveguide isolators. MULLARD Ltd. Sept. 2, 1960, No. 30378/60. Drawings to Specification. Class 40 (8). The ferrite element or elements of an isolator are fixed to a non-magnetic part of the waveguide wall by an adhesive whose coefficient of thermal expansion is intermediate that of the ferrite and that of the wall. The whole of the waveguide, one or more walls or one or more wall inserts are made from a non-magnetic alloy, e.g. a nickel-chrome alloy. A ferrite strip (or a longitudinally extending series of strips) is fixed to the wall by means of a ceramictype cement having the requisite coefficient of expansion and low electrical loss. The strips may be fixed to two opposite walls. They are of rectangular cross-section with rounded corners and may have chamfered ends to improve impedance matching. The surfaces of the ferrite and the alloy are roughened by sand blasting or chemical etching before application of the adhesive. Where wall-inserts are used, the alloy insert is made thinner than the wall of the waveguide and the resultant depression on the outside of the guide is made up with solder.
Patent GB-790607-A (GB)
Title: A process for the manufacture of a cyclic ketone and the conversion thereof into its monoketals and into a keto-alcohol and esters of same
Filed: 1956-10-05
Abstract: 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexandione (1,4) is prepared and converted into its 4-monoketals, and into 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone (1)-ol-(4) and esters of the same.  The starting material is 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexen (1) one (4), which may be oxidized with an organic peracid, e.g. peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, monoperphthalic acid or performic acid.  The unstable oxidation product (probably an oxido compound) is then hydrolysed.  The reaction is preferably carried out by dissolving the starting product in glacial acetic acid and oxidizing with peracetic acid at 0-35 DEG  C.  The solution is then rendered slightly alkaline with 30 per cent caustic soda and shaken for 1-2 hours at about 20 DEG  C.  The resulting 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclo hexen (2) ol-(1) one (4) may be isolated by extraction with ether, and is then isomerized to 2,6,6-trimethyl-acclohexandione (1,4) by the action of strong acidic agents, e.g. sulphuric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium bisulphate or a Lewis acid, e.g. borontrigluoxide.  The 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen (2) ol-(1) one (4) is preferably boiled in an inert solvent, e.g. benzene or toluene with 2 per cent of p-toluene sulphonic acid.  The resulting 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexandione (1,4) may be converted into its 4-monoketals by heating with alcohols, e.g. ethanol or ethylene glycol, in an inert solvent, in the presence of an acidic catalyst whilst continuously distilling off the water formed or by using esters of orthocarboxylic acids and an acidic catalyst.  The 2,6,6-trimethyl - cyclohexandione (1,4) on catalytic partial hydrogenation is converted into 2,6,6-trimethyl cyclohexanone (1)-ol-(4) which may be esterified by the action of acetic anhydride and pyridine to produce 4-acetoxy 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone-(1). Suitable catalysts are platinum and Raney nickel.  The 4-monoketals of 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexandione (1,4) may be converted into the corresponding C14, C16 and finally C19-aldehyde by condensation with lithium ethoxy-acetylide, partial hydrogenation and hydrolysis to the corresponding [2,6,6-trimethyl 4 - oxo - cyclo - hexylidene] - acetaldehyde, repeated acetalization of the latter and condensation of the acetalization product with a propenyl or vinyl ether and hydrolysis.  The resulting C19 aldehyde can then be converted into the desired carotenoid by metal organic condensation with acetylene, dehydration with allyl rearrangement, partial hydrogenation and isomerization.  Examples are given of the preparation of 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen (2)-ol-(1) one-(4), 2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexandione (1,4), 2,6,6 - trimethyl 4 - ethylenedioxy - cyclohexanone (1) and 2,6,6 - trimethyl 4 - acetoxycyclohexanone (1).
Patent GB-872290-A (GB)
Title: Production of hydrogen peroxide
IPC: C01B15/023
Filed: 1957-09-30
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the successive catalytic hydrogenation and autoxidation in a solvent medium, with recycling to the hydrogenation stage after aqueous extraction of the hydrogen peroxide produced in the oxidation stage, of a mixture of two or more alkylated anthraquinones.  Mixtures specified are 15-30%, preferably 26.5%, of 2-ethyl anthraquinone and 70-85%, preferably 73.5%, of 2-sec. butyl anthraquinone; 30-50%, preferably 44.5%, of 2-ethyl anthraquinone and 50-70%, preferably 55.5%, of 2-tert. butyl anthraquinone; and 65-80%, preferably 68.5%, of 2-sec. butyl anthraquinone and 20-35%, preferably 31.5%, of 2-tert butyl anthraquinone.  The proportion of tetrahydro derivatives (produced by a side reaction) may be maintained constant by subjecting all or a part of the alkylated anthraquinone mixture to a known dehydrogenation procedure before recycling.  The solvent medium may be a phosphate ester, e.g. trioctylphosphate, a phosphonate ester, a C7-C11 aliphatic alcohol, a sebacate ester, alkyl cyclohexanol, a mixture of 99% trioctylphosphate and 1% of dimethyl naphthalene, or a 40:60 mixture of anisole and isoheptyl alcohol. Specifications 465,070 and 686,572 are referred to.
Patent GB-1512056-A (GB)
Title: Peak detection apparatus and a method of operating same
IPC: H03K5/00
Filed: 1975-07-22
Abstract: 1512056 Measuring peak voltage KOEHRING CO 22 July 1975 [22 July 1974] 30648/75 Heading G1U An analogue signal is repetitively converted to a digital signal and compared to a stored digital signal and if a predetermined relationship exists therebetween, the converted digital signal is substituted into the store to form a new stored signal the conversion, comparison and substitution all taking place substantially instantaneously and being controlled from a central unit. This arrangement may be used to detect positive and/or negative peaks. A selected one of the input analogue signals 14 is passed to a A/D converter 16 which samples the signal under the control of unit 32. The digitized signal is compared in logic 22, 24 with two stored digital values 18, 20. If the stored value 18 is less than the instant value, a signal X is produced which operates latch logic 28 to set the instant value into store 18. If the stored value 20 is more positive than the instant value, a signal Y sets a new value into store 20. The store contents thus represent positive and negative peak values which have occurred since the previous resetting by control logic 28 which occurs periodically (e.g. every 15 seconds) or manually 36 or by control of a computer 38. The store outputs pass to D/A converters 44, 42, or via output buffer stages 52, 54 to a computer. The analogue outputs may be digitally displayed on meters 48, 50, which also selectively display the input amplitude or an external voltage 58. Detailed circuitry is also described Fig. 3 (not shown).
Patent GB-306172-A (GB)
Title: Induction furnaces
IPC: F27D11/02
Filed: 1927-11-15
Abstract: 306,172. Russ, E. F. Nov. 15, 1927. Induction furnaces. - The secondary circuit comprises a heating element formed by the smooth or corrugated walls of a substantially rectilinear muffle 4 and a low resistance member 3 surrounding the primary winding 2. Modifications comprise a double-walled muffle with perforations in the walls, a corrugated trough-shaped muffle, a member 3 with cooling fins, a preheating chamber surrounding the primary winding 2 and the member 3, and a member 3 divided into a number of helical canvolutions. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 24017/11, 19512/13 and 235,921.