baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-0346601-A3 (EP)
IPC: G01P5/00
Filed: 1989-04-29
Abstract: Bei dem Verfahren wird ein Meßvolumen (5) von einem 
sich kreuzenden Lichtstrahl-Paar (3) ausgeleuchtet. 
Das von den mit der Strömung mitbewegten Teilchen (6) 
ausgehende dopplerverschobene Streulicht (8) wird 
registriert und in elektrische Signale (1) umgewandelt. 
Die Dopplerfrequenz des registrierten Streulichts (8) 
wird als Maß für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit verwendet. 
Die elektrischen Signale (1) des registrierten Streulichts 
(8) werden digitalisiert und in Form eines Bildes dargestellt 
und das Bild wird von einem kohärenten Lichtstrahl 
durchleuchtet. Der kohärente Lichtstrahl (14) ist in 
einer Fourier-Ebene (18) fokussiert, wodurch ein ein 
Punktemuster (24) aufweisendes Fourier-transformiertes 
Bild (22) der elektrischen Signale (1) erzeugt wird. Das 
Fourier-transformierte Bild (20) wird aufgenommen und 
weiterverarbeitet. Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung 
des Verfahrens weist eine Lichtquelle (2), eine erste, 
den Lichtstrahl (3) im Meßvolumen (5) fokussierende und 
das Streulicht (8) aufnehmende Optik (4), eine das 
registrierte Streulicht (8) in elektrische Signale (1) 
umwandelnde Konvertereinheit (9) und eine die elektrischen 
Signale (1) weiterverarbeitende und als Geschwindigkeiten 
darstellende Auswerteeinheit auf. Der Auswerteeinheit 
ist ein von dem kohärenten Lichtstrahl (14) durchleuchteter, 
ansteuerbarer Lichtmodulator (13) zur Darstellung der 
 
 
elektrischen Signale (1) des registrierten Streulichts 
(8) zugeordnet. Es ist eine zweite, den kohärenten 
Lichtstrahl (14) in der Fourier-Ebene (18) fokussierende 
Optik (17) vorgesehen. In der Fourier-Ebene (18) 
ist ein, das Fouriertransformierte Bild (20) 
darstellender,optischer Sensor (19) vorgesehen. Es 
ist ein die Ausgangssignale (21) des optischen Sensors 
(19) aufnehmender und weiterverarbeitender 
Auswerterechner (22) angeordnet.
Patent EP-0343548-A3 (EP)
Title: Antigen solution containing a polyalphaolefin (pao), process for its preparation and use of pao as an adjuvant
IPC: A61K39/39
Filed: 1989-05-20
Abstract: A method for introducing an adjuvant into antigen solutions is described and entails an antigen solution being emulsified with a polyalphaolefin ("highly branched isoparaffin polyalphaolefin") and an emulsifier.
Patent EP-0347715-A3 (EP)
IPC: D01G23/06
Filed: 1989-06-13
Abstract: Ein Verfahren bzw. eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines 
gleichmäßigen kontinuierlichen Faserbandes (108) zeichnet 
sich dadurch aus,daß eine Korrektur der Steuerung bzw. 
der Regelung des Herstellungsverfahrens entsprechend 
der im Bereich der Anlage gemessenen absoluten 
Luftfeuchtigkeit vorgenommen wird. Hierdurch können 
Langzeitschwankungen des Faserbandgewichtes, die 
überrraschenderweise der absoluten Luftfeuchtigkeit 
korreliert sind, vermieden werden.
Patent EP-0346841-A3 (EP)
IPC: C07C237/34
Filed: 1989-06-13
Abstract: 1-Aryl-2-naphthoylamine der Formel I werden beschrieben, 
  
worin R₁, Halogen, Nitro, Cyano, unsubstituiertes oder durch Halogen 
und/oder C₁-C₃-Alkoxy ein- oder mehrfach substituiertes C₁-C₆-Alkyl, 
C₃-C₆-Cycloalkyl, OR₄, NR₅R₆, CO₂R₅, CONR₅R₆ oder NHCOR₇ bedeutet, oder 
worin zwei benachbarte Positionen im Kern durch eine unsubstituierte oder 
durch Fluor ein- oder mehrfach substituierte Methylendioxy- oder 
Aethylendioxy-Gruppe überbrückt wird, worin ferner R₄ Wasserstoff 
oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl bedeutet, das unsubstituiert oder durch C₁-C₃-Alkoxy 
oder ein- oder mehrfach durch Halogen substituiert ist, oder aber für 
C₃-C₄-Alkenyl, 2-Propinyl, 3-Halogen-2-propinyl, -O 
ZR₇    oder COR₇ steht,  
R₅ und R₆ unabhängig voneinander H oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl ist,  
R₇ für C₁-C₄-Alkyl und  
Z für O oder NH steht,  
a und b die Zahl der besetzten Positionen im jeweiligen Ring dar­
stellen und  
a für die Zahlen 1-3, b für die Zahlen 0-3 stehen, wobei die einzelnen 
Gruppen R₁ gleich oder verschieden sind, wenn die Summe von a und b 
grösser als 1 ist,  
X für O, S oder NH stehen,  
R₂ und R₃ unabhängig voneinander unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₄-­
Alkoxy, Halogen, Cyano substituiertes C₁-C₆-Alkyl oder aber C₃-C₇-Cyclo­
alkyl, C₃-C₇-Alkenyl oder den Rest 
 
 
  
darstellt, worin  
n = 0 oder 1 ist, ferner  
R₂ und R₃ auch gemeinsam eine C₄-C₇-Alkylenkette, welche mit dem sie 
verbindenden Stickstoffatom einen unsubstituierten oder durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl 
mono- oder disubstituierten Heterocyclus bilden kann, wobei eine 
Methylengruppe aus dieser Kette durch O, S oder NR₇ ersetzt sein kann.  
     Die Verbindungen der Formel I haben mikrobizide Wirkung und lassen sich 
vorteilhaft für den Pflanzenschutz einsetzen.
Patent EP-0349888-A3 (EP)
Title: Vorrichtung mit Einschaltautomatik für ein Nebengerät bei Inbetriebnahme eines Hauptgerätes
IPC: H02P25/14
Filed: 1989-06-28
Abstract: Bei einer Vorrichtung mit Einschaltautomatik für ein 
Nebengerät vorzugsweise in Form eines Staubsaugers, 
welches gleichzeitig bei Inbetriebnahme eines Haupt­
geräts, welches beispielsweise ein Elektrohandwerkzeug, 
eine Werkzeugmaschine o.dgl. sein kann, eingeschaltet 
wird, wird vorgeschlagen, eine für das Nebengerät vor­
gesehene, für sich gesehen bekannte (Phasenanschnitt)­
Steuerschaltung mittels eines als Ringkern-Durchsteck­
übertragers ausgebildeten Stromsensors so anzusteuern, 
daß der Elektromotor des Nebengeräts mit vorgegebener 
Anlaufverzögerung (Sanftanlauf) eingeschaltet wird. 
Dabei ist der Ringkern-Durchsteckübertrager so ausge­
bildet, daß zur Erzeugung sauberer Zündimpulse für den 
Triac des Nebengeräts die Primärwicklung von der einen 
Windung der elektrischen Zuleitung des Hauptgeräts ge­
bildet und durch die zentrale Öffnung des Ringkerns 
hindurchgeführt ist. Der Ringkern-Durchsteckübertrager 
ist so ausgebildet, daß er bei Erreichen eines vorge­
gebenen Ausgangsgrößenschwellwerts in die Sättigung 
übergeht, so daß auch sehr hohe, vom Hauptgerät bei 
dessen Betrieb verursachte Primärströme die (Phasen­
anschnitt)Steuerschaltung nicht übersteuern und insbe­
sondere deren Triac nicht beschädigen.
Patent EP-0358128-A3 (EP)
IPC: C07D207/36
Filed: 1989-09-01
Abstract: A process for the production of 5-alkyl tetramic acids from 4-alkoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones and aldehydes or ketones. By basic catalysis, 5-alkylidene-4-alkoxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones are first formed, which are converted into the target compounds by cleavage of the alkoxy group and catalytic hydrogenation.
Patent EP-0360368-A3 (EP)
IPC: H01H9/30
Filed: 1989-09-19
Abstract: Ein Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter weist eine Kontaktanord­
nung mit schwenkbaren Hauptkontakthebeln (14) und eine relativ 
zu diesen schwenkbare Abbrennkontaktanordnung (22) auf. Die 
Abbrennkontaktanordnung (22) umfaßt Abbrennkontakt-Teilhebel 
(26) die zwischen die Hauptkontakthebel (14) eingreifen und 
gelenkig mit diesen verbunden sind. Ausgehend von dem hierdurch 
gegebenen Abstand sind die Abbrennkontakt-Teilhebel (26) an 
ihren vorderen Enden zur Bildung einer Auflagefläche für ein 
Abbrennkontaktstück (36) zusammengeführt und durch einen Niet 
(29) verbunden. Beim Abschalten werden die Abbrennkontaktstücke 
(36, 40) gegenüber den Hauptkontaktstücken (10, 12) verzögert 
geöffnet.
Patent EP-0324598-A3 (EP)
Title: Rate-responsive pacemaker
IPC: A61N1/372
Filed: 1989-01-11
Abstract: The slope and threshold of the rate responsive 
pacemaker are automatically adjustable to suit the 
physiological requirements of the user.  
     For threshold adjustment, the user performs a resting 
level of exertion and the sensor (3) signal is 
switched (14) to a threshold value generator (15) 
where its peak value is stored as the threshold 
value.  
     For slope adjustment, a target pacing rate is supplied 
to a store (17) by a programmer (13). The user 
performs a predetermined constant level of exertion. 
The resulting pacing rate is compared with the stored 
target rate in a comparator. The slope is adjusted 
(16) until the rates are equal. The value of slope is 
then stored (16).  
     The sensor (3) may sense any suitable biological 
variable.
Patent EP-0337596-A3 (EP)
Title: Electroconductive magnesia powder and process for preparation thereof
IPC: C01F5/02
Filed: 1989-02-20
Abstract: An electroconductive magnesia powder which 
comprises a spherical granulation product having a 
diameter of 0.5 to 100 µm, the surface of which is 
uniformly coated with silver in an amount of 3 to 70% by 
weight. This silver-coated magnesia powder has an 
electroconductivity comparable to that of the silver 
powder and is valuable as an electroconductive filler 
for an electroconductive paint, an electroconductive 
adhesive and an electroconductive elastomer. This 
silver-coated magnesia powder is prepared by once 
forming a silver coating in the form of a silver oxide 
and subjecting the silver oxide coating to a reducing 
treatment.
Patent EP-0334621-A3 (EP)
IPC: G06F15/167
Filed: 1989-03-22
Abstract: A multiprocessor system, where a control processor controls all data 
transfers to and from a numeric processing module, and the control processor 
executes essentially the same microcode for essentially all operations (by the 
numeric processor) of a given formal type. For example, vector adds, vector 
subtracts, and vector multiplies are all diadactic operations, i.e. they all 
map two vectors onto a third vector.  
     This system also uses compacted microcode. A bypass register permits 
selected bits in microcode instruction fields to be replaced, when the 
instruction is called from the writable control storage, by other bits passed 
down from a higher-level processor.
Patent EP-0341991-A3 (EP)
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1989-05-10
Abstract: Pharmaceutically-acceptable anthraquinone-­
1,5-disulfonate salts of selected cephalosporins and 
1-carba(1-dethia)cephems are provided, as well as a 
process for preparing said salt forms.
Patent EP-0343869-A3 (EP)
Title: Windshield wiper
IPC: B60S1/32
Filed: 1989-05-19
Abstract: A wiperblade of a windshield wiper of the type 
including a primary yoke (1) connected to a wiper arm 
and at least one secondary yoke (2) connected to the 
primary yoke. Each of the primary and secondary yokes 
has a generally inverted U-shape cross section 
including one top wall and two side walls and, at least 
one side wall and the top wall of the secondary yoke 
are located at least partially inside the space defined 
by the top wall and the side walls of the primary yoke 
in the region wherein the yokes are overlappingly 
disposed during the usage of the wiper.
Patent EP-0357193-A3 (EP)
Title: Blends of copolyester elastomers carbodiimides and thermoplastic polymers
IPC: C08L67/06
Filed: 1989-07-05
Abstract: Elastomeric compositions having resistance to hot grease 
aging are made from a blend of a thermoplastic copolyester 
elastomer, a carbodiimide, and a thermoplastic polymer.
Patent EP-0363065-A3 (EP)
Title: Method for fabricating devices
IPC: H01L21/3205
Filed: 1989-09-26
Abstract: A method for fabricating a device, e.g., a semiconductor 
device, is disclosed which includes the step of reacting at least 
two reactive entities (e.g. WF₆ and H₂) to form a 
metal-containing material (e.g. tungsten) on a region or regions of 
a processed or unprocessed silicon substrate. Inherent in the 
method is the recognition that one of the reactive entities (WF₆) 
will often react with substrate material to produce previously 
unrecognized, and highly undesirable, results, e.g. the almost 
complete erosion of previously fabricated device components. Thus a 
silicon-containing gas other than SiF₄ (e.g. SiH₄ or a higher 
silane) is employed to reduce the reaction rate between the 
substrate material and the entity reacting with this material, while 
avoiding a substantial reduction in the reaction rate between the 
two entities.
Patent EP-0375135-A3 (EP)
Title: A cable attachment assembly
IPC: F02D11/10
Filed: 1989-11-09
Abstract: A cable attachment assembly for coupling and 
uncoupling a cable (52) to a throttle control system 
partially encased within a housing (20). The housing 
(20) includes an opening (32) aligned with a cable drum 
(26) and a protrusion (36) adjacent the opening (32). A 
cable cover assembly (48) includes an integrally formed 
collar (86) having a resilient member (92) formed 
thereon with a first flap (96) at its end. A second 
flap (110) is integrally formed on the collar adjacent 
the first flap. During rotation in an assembly process, 
the resilient member (92) is compressed as the first 
flap (96) rotates along the protrusion (36). As the 
first flap (96) passes the protrusion (36), the 
resilient member (92) is outwardly deflected thereby 
locking the protrusion between the first and second 
flaps (96,110) and, accordingly, locking the cable cover 
assembly (48) to the housing (20).
Patent EP-0359652-A3 (EP)
IPC: G01N27/90
Filed: 1989-09-12
Abstract: Capteur pour détection angulaire de défauts 
dans une gaine métallique.  
     Il comprend deux pièces de centrage (23, 23′) 
de la gaine (11) disposées de part et d'autre d'une 
bague-support (25) de la bobine de mesure (28), le 
diamètre intérieur de la bague-support (25) et le 
diamètre des orifices des pièces de centrage (23, 23′) 
étant dans le rapport (4/3±0,6/3) et leurs axes étant 
excentrés. Cette excentration associée au guidage 
qu'imposent les deux pièces de centrage à la gaine en 
rotation permet à la bobine de mesure de fonctionner 
comme une sonde ponctuelle.  
     Application à l'examen après service de gaines 
d'aiguilles utilisées dans les réacteurs nucléaires à 
neutrons rapides.
Patent EP-0332572-A3 (EP)
Title: Aliquoting of serial liquid samples
IPC: G01N35/10
Filed: 1989-01-27
Abstract: An apparatus and process for obtaining an 
aliquot of serial liquid samples. A measured 
aliquot of each serial liquid sample is obtained 
and passed to an aliquot storage chamber with 
discard of the remainder of each liquid sample. 
A liquid collection container is provided 
sufficiently large for the largest single liquid 
serial sample with a generally vertical aliquot 
measurement container forming at least one aliquot 
measurement chamber. Each aliquot measurement 
chamber has a cross-sectional area in the same 
relation to the cross-sectional area of the liquid 
collection chamber as the quantity of each aliquot 
that is desired to bear to the liquid samples. The 
bottom of each aliquot measurement container is in 
the same general horizontal plane as the bottom of 
the liquid collection container. In one 
embodiment, the apparatus and process is operated 
by an aliquot valve means which in a first position 
places each aliquot measurement chamber in 
communication only with the liquid collection 
chamber and when in a second position, places each 
aliquot measurement chamber in communication only 
with a corresponding aliquot storage chamber.
Patent EP-0392137-A3 (EP)
IPC: G09F3/20
Filed: 1990-01-17
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Halteleiste für auswechselbare Informations­
träger mit einem Befestigungsteil zum Festlegen an Randbereichen von Re­
galen, Behältern und dergleichen. Die Informationsträger befinden sich 
in einer Aufnahmetasche, die aus einer Rückwand und einer transparenten 
Vorderwand gebildet ist. Rückwand und Vorderwand sind an ihrer Basis ge­
lenkig miteinander verbunden und der obere Rand der Rückwand übergreift 
den freien Rand der Vorderwand in Form einer Abdeckung. Die Festlegung 
der Halteleiste (1) am Befestigungsteil (3) erfolgt über ein mit Rast­
elementen (22, 23, 24, 25) ausgestattetes Zwischenstück (2). Das Zwi­
schenstück (2) steht mit an der Rückseite der Rückwand (12) ausgebilde­
ten Rasten (1221, 1231) in rastender Verbindung. Die Rasten (1221, 1231) 
können in jeweils zugeordnete Aufnahmen der Rastelemente (22, 23, 24, 
25) eingreifen, wodurch die Halteleiste (1) in definierten Winkelstel­
lungen zum Befestigungsteil (3) eingesetzt werden kann.
Patent EP-0401498-A3 (EP)
Title: Hollow, elongate mouldings
IPC: B29K105/06
Filed: 1990-04-17
Abstract: The invention provides hollow, elongate mouldings 
of a fibre-reinforced thermoplastics material. The 
mouldings are made by a gas-assisted injection moulding 
process in a mould of which the moulding cavity consists 
of a single, continuous pathway and the ratio of the 
overall length of the moulded product to its mean wall 
thickness is greater than 250 : 1. The mould cavity 
may include limited discontinuities such as are required 
to form a pair of throat members (T, T¹) on a racket 
frame (S).
Patent EP-0399446-A3 (EP)
IPC: B42D15/10
Filed: 1990-05-22
Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) card for use in an image 
processing machine, such as, for example, a digital copying 
machine. The IC card includes a first storage area for 
storing data for controlling said image processor and a 
second storage area for storing image data to be processed by 
said image processor.
Patent EP-0399573-A3 (EP)
Title: Process for recovery of amino acid from aqueous mixtures
IPC: B01D61/16
Filed: 1987-05-13
Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovery of amino acids from aqueous mixtures. In particular, it relates to a treatment of said amino acid containing aqueous mixture prior to extraction of the amino acid with a water immiscible organic solution containing a water insoluble extract­ant for said amino acid. The overall process of the invention which includes the pretreatment and extraction, also includes optional methods of recovering said extracted amino acid from the water immiscible organ­ic solution. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a process for recovery of the amino acid by stripping of the amino acid from the organic solution and precipitation of the amino acid.
Patent EP-0384712-A3 (EP)
Title: Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyimide resin compositions
IPC: C08J5/06
Filed: 1990-02-20
Abstract: Provided are carbon-fiber-reinforced polyimide resin 
compositions having excellent mechanical strength. The 
compositions are formed of (a) 5-50 parts by weight of 
carbon fibers, which have been obtained by coating start­
ing carbon fibers at surfaces thereof with an aromatic 
polysulfone resin and then heating the thus-coated carbon 
fibers at 300-400°C, and (b) 95-50 parts by weight of a 
polyimide resin which preferably have recurring units of 
following formula: 
  
wherein X represents a specific divalent radical and R 
represents a particular tetra-valent radical.
Patent EP-0391647-A3 (EP)
Title: Calibration apparatus of angular velocity sensor in self-contained navigational system
IPC: G01C17/38
Filed: 1990-04-03
Abstract: In a self-contained navigational system wherein the 
location and heading of a vehicle on road are detected with 
the aid of location and heading detection means using map 
matching, a calibration apparatus of an angular-velocity 
sensor used in the self-contained navigational system, 
comprising:  
an angular-velocity detection sensor (15) for 
detecting a heading of the vehicle;  
angular-velocity detection means (1) for calculating 
an angular velocity from an output signal of the 
angular-velocity detection sensor (15);  
integration means (2) for calculating a current 
heading of the vehicle by integrating the angular velocity and 
by adding the integrated angular velocity to the previous 
heading of the vehicle; and  
heading correction means (4) for calculating a 
difference between a heading output (ϑr) of the integration 
means (2) and a heading output (ϑe) of the location and 
heading detection means (3), for calculating a correction 
value (δϑ) for correcting the heading output (ϑr) of the 
integration means (2), from the difference or accumulated 
value of the difference, and for feeding the correction value 
(δϑ) back to the integration means (2).
Patent EP-0398533-A3 (EP)
Title: Poly(arylene sulfide) resin composition
IPC: C08L53/02
Filed: 1990-04-27
Abstract: Disclosed is a poly(arylene sulfide) resin composi­
tion comprised of (A) 50 to 98% by weight of a 
poly(arylene sulfide) resin such as polyphenylene 
sulfide, and (B) 50 to 2% by weight of a styrene/bu­
tadiene/styrene block copolymer elastomer, and 0.2 to 10 
parts by weight of an aromatic maleimide compound 
represented by the formula (1): 
  
wherein R₁ is a phenylene-containing radical, or the 
formula (2): 
  
wherein R₂ is alkylene and n is 0, 1 or 2. The resin 
composition has a good impact resistance, elongation and 
flexibility.
Patent EP-0420398-A3 (EP)
Title: Method for acquiring data in a logic analyzer
IPC: G01R31/3177
Filed: 1990-07-24
Abstract: A logic analyzer stores the activity around the last in a series of triggering events while also storing the activity around several other triggering events immediately preceding the last trigger. The acquisition memory is first partitioned into a number, N, of memory sections and the trigger condition of interest is defined. Then repeated acquisitions are performed using this same trigger condition. At first, data from each of these acquisitions is stored in each one of the number of memory sections. When all of the memory sections have been filled once, if the trigger condition is still occurring, the acquisition memories are reused in the same order in which they were originally used as many times as necessary until it is ascertained that the trigger condition is no longer occurring or some external condition has changed, at which time the logic analyzer is stopped. One of the memory sections then contains the data that occurred in the vicinity of the last trigger. Another of the memory sections contains data reflecting the activity that immediately preceded the stopping of the logic analyzer. The remaining N-2 memory sections contain data that occurred in the vicinity of the triggers that immediately preceded the last trigger. Timestamping the acquired data allows the timing relationships involved to be reconstructed.
Patent EP-0399965-A3 (EP)
Title: A plastic film encapsulating air bubbles, method of manufacturing same and relevant apparatus
IPC: B29C65/02
Filed: 1990-05-21
Abstract: The plastic bubble packaging film is manufactured 
by bonding together two sheets of high density 
polyethylene (F1, F2) along two sets of joint lines set 
at right angles to each other and forming a network of 
sealed envelopes (14) that encapsulate the bubbles. The 
bond is effected in two successive stages by two pairs 
of fluted rolls (1a-1b, 7a-7b), one profiled 
circumferentially, the other axially, between which the 
sandwiched sheets are caused to pass. The surfaces of 
the rolls are heated in order to soften the sheets 
along the joint lines and enable the bond. On passing 
through the first pair of rolls, lenghtwise seals are 
effected so as to form tubular envelopes (13) into 
which air is blown, whereupon the smaller envelopes 
(14) are sealed off and the bubbles encapsulated by the 
transverse action of the second pair of rolls.
Patent EP-0444579-A3 (EP)
Title: Ink jet recording apparatus
IPC: B41J2/165
Filed: 1991-02-25
Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus records information by ejecting ink droplets onto a recording medium (63). The ink jet recording apparatus has a recording head (101H); driving circuits (51), measuring circuit (53), and a judging unit (50). The recording head (101H) has ejection outlets (5) and ink liquid passages (4) connecting to the ejection outlets (5) respectively, an electro-thermal converting element (7) being disposed in each of the ink liquid passages (4), for generating thermal energy for ejecting the ink droplets. The driving circuits (51) drive the electro-thermal converting element (7) to generate the thermal energy enough to eject the ink droplet. The measuring circuit (53) individually measures a resistance value of the electro-thermal converting element (7) when the driving circuits (51) drive the electro-thermal converting element (7). The judging unit (50) judges presence of an abnormal state in the ink liquid passage (4) according to the resistance value. <IMAGE>