Patent GB-602109-A (GB)
Title: Wax emulsions and method of preparing the same
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1945-07-11
Abstract: Natural, mineral, vegetable or animal waxes or paraffin wax, melting above about 20 DEG  C., are emulsified together with a saturated aliphatic acid, having at least 12 carbon atoms and melting above about 20 DEG  C., and an aluminium salt of a short chain organic acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms, in water, using a "non-anion active" i.e. "non ionic" or "cation active" emulsifier miscible with the wax in the molten state.  "Cation active" emulsifiers are defined as forming a cation, containing a chain of at least 12 carbon atoms, which is unbroken or broken by only a single amide or ester linkage. "Non-ionic" emulsifiers do not ionise and include an unbroken chain of at least 12 carbon atoms.  Preferably the melting points of the wax, the acid, and the emulsifier coincide as nearly as possible. Ceresin, carnauba, candelilla, montan, japan or beeswax are specified.  The aliphatic acid may be lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric or mixtures which may be commercial and contain unsaturated acids.  Aluminium acetate or formate are specified.  The "non-ionic" emulsifiers may be partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycerol, diethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, or nonaethylene glycol with stearic, palmitic or lauric acids.  The cation-active emulsifiers may be quaternary ammonium or amine salts, having a small monovalent anion which may be inorganic, e.g. chloride, bromide or organic, e.g. from acetic, glycollic, or alkyl sulphuric or phosphoric acids containing not more than 4 carbon atoms.  These salts in addition to the long chain group may have alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or aryl oxyalkyl groups attached to the nitrogen.  The long carbon chain may be e.g. octadecyl, cetyl, lauryl or oxyethyl groups esterified with stearoyl, lauroyl, myriotyl, palmitoyl groups.  Assistant emulsifiers of high viscosity, e.g. methyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol may be added. The preferred proportions are 5-20 parts each of acid and emulsifier per 100 parts wax, a water concentration of 50-90 p.c. and an aluminium salt concentration of 0.3-3 p.c. by weight calculated as Al2O3.  The mixture may be emulsified by agitating at least 5 DEG  C. above the melting point of the mix, the aluminium salt being however preferably added after cooling the emulsion.  The emulsions are useful for rendering textile fibres or fabrics water-repellent.ALSO:Quaternary ammonium salts containing an aliphatic chain of at least 12 carbon atoms broken by one ester linkage, the other groups being alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or aryloxyalkyl containing not more than 8 carbon atoms, are produced by alkylating or aralkylating a long chain amine.  Stearic acid is warmed at 150-180 DEG  C. with triethanolamine until the tertiary amine ester is formed and the ester warmed with diethyl sulphate to produce stearoyl oxyethyl-di-(hydroxyethyl)-ethyl ammonium ethyl sulphate.  Stearic acid reacted with dimethylamino-ethanol and benzyl chloride yields stearyl oxyethyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride. Compounds containing myristoyl oxyethyl, lauroyl oxyethyl and trimethylpalmitoyl oxyethyl groups are also specified.  Quaternary salts containing an aliphatic chain of at least 12 carbon atoms broken by a single amide group are also mentioned.