Patent GB-595044-A (GB)
Title: Compositions comprising acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers and shaped articles produced therefrom
IPC: D01F6/18
Filed: 1945-11-02
Abstract: Compositions suitable for making yarns, films and shaped articles comprises a solution of polyacrylonitrile or of a copolymer in which at least 85 per cent by weight is acrylonitrile, in a solvent comprising a compound from a specified class of organic polynitrile compounds.  The compositions are clear mobile solutions at elevated temperatures, e.g. 100 DEG  C., and gel at room temperature.  The preferred compounds are glutaronitrile, 1.3.3.5 - tetracyanopentane and succinonitrile, but others specified are substituted with halogen, oxygen, bivalent sulphur, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, thiocyano and/or sulphoxy groups, e.g. a .b -dicyanodiethyl ether, b -hydroxy-glutaronitrile and bis-(b -cyanoethyl) sulphide. Specified compounds with which the acrylonitrile may be copolymerized are vinyl and acrylic compounds, isobutylene and butadiene (see Group V). Optionally, the compositions may contain other plasticisers (non-solvents for the polymer), e.g. glycerol, solvents for the polymer of lower b.p., e.g. dimethyl formamide and dyes, linear polyamides, cellulose ethers and esters, polyvinyl chloride and acetate and polyacrylic acid.  The solutions may be shaped to form filaments, yarns, films, tubes and other articles, e.g. by moulding, casting or extrusion into an evaporative atmosphere or a bath of coagulant miscible with the solvent, but an inert non-solvent for the polymer, e.g. water, glycerine, alcohol, ether and aqueous solutions of salts, alkalies and acids.  The properties of the products can be improved by subjecting them to a stretching operation.  The dry and wet spinning of yarn and the casting of films from the compositions is described.  The yarn is drawn by the method of Specification 585,368.  Specifications 404,504, 579,887 and 594,999 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,117,210, 2,140,921 and 2,167,537 also are referred to.ALSO:Compositions suitable for making yarns, films and shaped articles comprise a solution of polyacrylonitrile or of a copolymer in which at least 85 per cent. by weight is acrylonitrile, in a solvent comprising a compound from a specified class of organic polynitrile compounds [see Group IV].  The compositions are clear mobile solutions at elevated temperatures, e.g., 100 DEG C., and gel at room temperature.  The preferred compounds are glutaronitrile, 1.3.3.5-tetracyanopentane and succinonitrile but others specified are substituted with halogen, oxygen, bivalent sulphur, hydroxyl, thiol, cyana, thiocyano, and/or sulphoxy groups, e.g., a . b -dicyano diethyl ether, b -hydroxy glutaronitrile and bis (b -cyanoethyl) sulphide.  The acrylonitrile may be copolymerised with butadiene. Optionally the compositions may contain other plasticisers (non solvents for the polymer), e.g., glycerol, solvents for the polymer of lower b.p., e.g., dimethyl formamide, and dyes, linear polyamides, cellulose ethers and esters, polyvinyl chloride and acetate and polyacrylic acid.  The solutions may be shaped to form filaments, yarns, films, tubes and other articles, e.g., by moulding, casting or extrusion into an evaporative atmosphere or a bath of coagulant miscible with the solvent but an inert non solvent for the polymer, e.g., water, glycerine, alcohol, ether and aqueous solutions of salts, alkalies and acids.  The properties of the products can be improved by subjecting them to a stretching operation.  The dry and wet spinning of yarn and the casting of films from the compositions is described.  The yarn is drawn by the method claimed in Specification 585,368, [Group IV]. Specifications 404,504, 579,887 and 594,999, [all in Group IV], and U.S.A. Specifications, 2,117,210, 2,140,921 and 2,167,537 also are referred to.