baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent AT-E224770-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HORNER GLENN A
IPC: G01N35/10
Filed: 1998-05-01
Granted: 2002-10-15
Abstract: A reaction receptacle apparatus includes one or more individual receptacles for containing chemical or biological substances. The one or more receptacles are arranged to be engaged by tubular elements of a substance transfer device for transferring substances into or out of the individual receptacles. Multiple receptacles are coupled to one another by a connecting rib structure that defines straight shoulders along opposite sides of the reaction receptacle apparatus, and the shoulders support the apparatus within reaction receptacle apparatus carrying structures. A contact-limiting element holding structure for holding contact-limiting elements, such as protective tips for tubular elements, is associated with each individual receptacle and holds a contact-limiting element in an operative orientation so as to be operatively engageable by the tubular element of the substance transfer device. A receptacle apparatus manipulating structure permits the reaction receptacle apparatus to be moved from one location to another by a robotic manipulating device, and an information panel presents a surface on which human and/or machine readable information may be placed.
Patent AT-E304531-T1 (AT)
Inventor: RAMASWAMY SOWMIANARAYANAN
IPC: C07D211/34
Filed: 1998-05-26
Granted: 2005-09-15
Abstract: A process for preparing  d-threo  methyl ±- piperid-2-ylarylacetates of formula III:   
wherein R 1  is aryl having 6 to 28 carbon atoms, comprising the steps of:  reacting a pyridine having formula I:     
wherein R 1  is aryl having 6 to 28 carbon atoms with hydrogen in an alkanoic acid having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and in the presence of a catalyst to provide a mixture of  threo  and  erythro  piperidine stereoisomers having formulas IIa-d:      
adding an alkyl alkanoate having 2 to 20 carbon atoms to said mixture, thereby precipitating alkanoate salts of said  erythro  stereoisomers preferentially with respect to alkanoate salts of said  threo  stereoisomers; 
reacting said  erythro  alkanoate salts with aqueous base to form said  erythro  stereoisomers; 
reacting said  erythro  stereoisomers with an acid resolving agent in an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, thereby forming acid salts of said  1-erythro  stereoisomers preferentially with respect to said  d-erythro  stereoisomers; 
reacting said  1-erythro  acid salts with aqueous base to form said  1-erythro  piperidine; 
reacting said  1-erythro  piperidine with an alkali metal alkoxide having one to 10 carbon atoms in organic solvent, whereby forming said  d-threo  piperidine, and 
converting said  d-threo  piperidine to said  d-threo  methyl ±- piperid -2- ylarylacetate.
Patent AT-E213640-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HERRMANN JOACHIM
IPC: A61K31/335
Filed: 1998-09-29
Granted: 2002-03-15
Abstract: The invention relates to flavonolignan preparations, especially silymarin preparations, which dissolve more easily than pure flavonoids or pure silymarin, to medicaments which contain these preparations and which are used for treating and preventing liver disease, and to a method for producing the preparations without using additional support materials. The inventive flavonolignan preparations are characterised in that they consist of a homogenous liquid mixture of milk thistle extract (Carduus extract) with a high silymarin content, in polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Patent AT-E233945-T1 (AT)
Inventor: YOUNGNER DANIEL W
IPC: B81B3/00
Filed: 1998-12-07
Granted: 2003-03-15
Abstract: A relay device build using MEMS technology and having a semiconductor wafer base with a surface depression having a first electrically conductive surface pattern. A lower diaphragm is moveably positioned above the depression for contact and has a second electrically conductive surface pattern thereon. An upper diaphragm is positioned above the lower diaphragm, with a central electrode mounted between them to selectively attract and move a diaphragm upon application of voltage. A post connects the upper and lower diaphragms to move a diaphragm when the other is moved electrostatically. The diaphragms define a sealed region enclosing the central electrode. The surface patterns may be tapered at their perimiters to provide a contact contour allowing gradually increasing contact as the diaphragm moves toward the surface. The preferred wafer is a silicon wafer, and the diaphragms are polysilicon. The patterns are formed from highly conductive material like gold, while the outer regions are a high resistive, chemically stable material like CrsiN. The sealed region is evacuated to have a vacuum, or may be filed with an inert gas. In a preferrred embodiment, the sealed region is filled with a fluid having a measurable viscosity, and region is adapted to move the fluid upon electrostatic movement of the diaphragm, such that the viscosity of the fluid is selected to adjust the rate of movement of the diaphragm.
Patent AT-E251292-T1 (AT)
Inventor: STEINER HERBERT
IPC: A47B77/08
Filed: 1999-02-04
Granted: 2003-10-15
Abstract: The cooking hob frame (13) has a keyhole shaped mounting opening (21). The connector (15) has a support nose (15) and an opposed key-shaped lug (25) passing through the mounting opening. The hob frame has stop lugs (33,35) to limit rotation of the connector in the mounting opening.
Patent AT-E211116-T1 (AT)
Inventor: ALLEGRO PIERLUIGI
IPC: B67C3/00
Filed: 1998-06-18
Granted: 2002-01-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary filling machine for filling containers with liquids, provided with a plurality of valve assemblies (3) which are mounted on a rotating platform (2) and each of which is provided with a duct (4) intercepted by an obturator (5) for regulating the supply of liquid from a storage tank (6) to a container (7) and with an air return pipe (8). A centring cone (10) designed to receive in abutment the mouth of the container (7) and to cause opening of the obturator (5) and the air return pipe (8) is mounted at the bottom of each valve assembly (3). The filling machine in question also comprises a flushing station (14) associated with the rotating platform (2), but fixed with respect thereto, and provided with at least one collecting tray (15) which is actuated by moving means (16) so as to be positioned underneath the valve assemblies (3) passing above it. For this purpose, first actuator means (17) are provided for performing opening of each obturator (5) and each corresponding air return pipe (8), when valve assemblies (3) pass above the collecting tray (15).
Patent AT-E227758-T1 (AT)
Inventor: CATLIN JOSPEH C
IPC: C09B56/16
Filed: 1999-07-12
Granted: 2002-11-15
Abstract: A dye of formula (I) is new. M = a hydrogen ion ,an alkali metal ion or RaRbRcRdN+; RaRbRc and Rd = H, 1-6C alkyl or 1-6C hydroxyalkyl.
Patent AT-E309905-T1 (AT)
Inventor: FREEDMAN MELVIN S
IPC: B32B27/32
Filed: 1999-04-14
Granted: 2005-12-15
Abstract: A multilayer film facestock for labels is described which comprises a base layer having an upper surface and a lower surface, and at least a first skin layer bonded to the upper surface of the base layer by a tie layer wherein the base layer comprises a propylene homopolymer or copolymer, or a blend of a propylene homopolymer and at least one propylene copolymer, and the first skin layer consists essentially of at least one polyethylene having a density of about 0.940 g/cm<3> or less. In one preferred embodiment, at least the base layer is machine direction oriented. In another embodiment, the base layer comprises a polyethylene having a density above 0.940 g/cm<3> (high density) and the polyethylene is ultimately oriented in the machine direction. Adhesive containing multilayer labelstocks for use in adhesive labels also are described which comprise the multilayer film facestock described above and an adhesive layer adhesively joined to the lower surface of the base layer. Labels prepared from the facestock and the labelstock also are described.
Patent AT-E384973-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BAUDART THIERRY
IPC: G02C7/02
Filed: 1999-09-17
Granted: 2008-02-15
Abstract: During manufacture the lens is modified by grinding in stages from a suitable starting lens toward a target lens with the required astigmatism. The difference between the power of the partially-shaped lens and the power of the desired final form of the lens is monitored. The end shape may be approached in an iterative fashion.
Patent AT-E300982-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BURNET CHRISTOPHE
IPC: A63C13/00
Filed: 1999-01-25
Granted: 2005-08-15
Abstract: The snow shoe consists of an outer frame (2) around a mesh panel with a support and fastenings (5) for the wearer's boot (6). It has two or more lengthwise ribs (3a) beneath the mesh panel and boot support, each rib having a recess (100) in its lower edge at a point situated below the boot.
Patent AT-E235139-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HUMMEL LUDWIG
IPC: A01D78/10
Filed: 1999-05-04
Granted: 2003-04-15
Abstract: The machine, especially for forming swathes from a cut crop, consists of a frame with one or more rake rotors (12 pivoted to the end of a carrier arm (10) and able to rotate about a vertical axis (24). Each rotor has rear (27) and front (32) supporting wheels which are attached to uprights (30, 34) by pivoted levers (28, 33) with hydraulic cylinders (31, 36) connected by a pipeline (37) linking their chambers.
Patent AT-E357122-T1 (AT)
Inventor: OPPITZ HANS
IPC: H05B3/14
Filed: 1999-05-26
Granted: 2007-04-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a device for heating media which comprises at least one container for receiving the medium and at least one flat resistance heating element. The resistance heating element is positioned on at least part of the external side of the container and its resistance mass comprises an intrinsically electroconductive polymer.
Patent AT-E311049-T1 (AT)
Inventor: CREIGH JOHN L
IPC: G01R31/30
Filed: 1999-11-02
Granted: 2005-12-15
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining nonlinear distortion of a transmitter. A test symbol sequence is transmitted from the transmitter under test as an analog output signal. The analog output signal is sampled to produce a first sequence which represents the test symbol sequence as distorted by a linear distortion sequence and a nonlinear distortion sequence. The test symbol sequence is filtered via an adaptive filter to produce a second sequence such that the second sequence is approximately equal to the test symbol sequence as distorted by the linear distortion sequence. The second sequence is subtracted from the first sequence to produce an output sequence substantially equal to the nonlinear distortion sequence.
Patent AT-E268793-T1 (AT)
Inventor: DROMARD ADRIEN
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 1999-12-01
Granted: 2004-06-15
Abstract: The invention concerns polyorganosiloxanes (POS) grafted with peroxide functions and functions stabilizing the latter. Said stabilized peroxidised POS are designed to form a novel oxidizing system useful as bleaching agents, for example or dental or detergent compositions. The invention aims at and succeeds in providing peroxygenated bleaching agents more stable and more efficient than those known in prior art. The inventive stabilized and peroxidised POS correspond for example to the formula (a). The invention also concerns a method for making said peroxidised POS, the precursors thereof and their uses as bleaching agents in dental compositions (toothpaste or detergent compositions).
Patent DE-1033840-T1 (DE)
Inventor: SCHILLING DONALD L
IPC: H04B1/707
Filed: 1995-07-05
Abstract: A method for reducing interference in a direct sequence, CDMA receiver, the method comprising the steps of: a) despreading a received spread spectrum signal for each of a plurality of CDMA channels to produce a first estimate for each channel; b) for each channel, spreading the estimate obtained from the prior step for all of the other channels to produce spread other channel signals and subtracting the spread other channel signals from the received signal and despreading the subtracted result to produce a next estimate for that channel; c) repeating step b) a selected number of times; and d) combining the estimates for each channel produced by steps a), b) and c) to output a channel signal for each channel.
Patent DE-1149116-T1 (DE)
Inventor: ZHAO XIAOBIN
IPC: A61P25/00
Filed: 2000-02-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, in particular multiple, e.g. double cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. The invention also provides novel cross-linked HA derivatives, products containing them and their uses in medical and pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
Patent DE-01989112-T1 (DE)
Title: Axialer probenförderer für die einfuhr von proben in ein analysegerät
Inventor: HIGGINS A
IPC: G01R33/30
Filed: 2001-11-13
Abstract: Kernmagnetisches Resonanzspektrometer mit  a) einem Magneten zum Anlegen eines Magnetfeldes an eine Vielzahl von kernmagnetischen Resonanzproben;  b) einer in einer Bohrung des Magneten angeordneten kernmagnetischen Resonanzsonde zum Durchführen von kernmagnetischen Resonanzmessungen an den Proben; und  c) einer mit der Sonde gekoppelten axialen Mehrproben-Fördereinrichtung zum Transportieren einer Vielzahl von Probenbehältern, die die Proben enthalten, in die Sonde, wobei die Fördereinrichtung umfasst:  eine Vielzahl von Eingangsöffnungen zum Aufnehmen der Probenbehälter,  eine Vielzahl von entgegengesetzt zu den Eingangsöffnungen angeordneten und quer auf die Vielzahl von Eingangsöffnungen ausgerichteten Ausgangsöffnungen zum fortlaufenden Transportieren der Probenbehälter zur Sonde,  eine zwischen den Eingangsöffnungen und den Ausgangsöffnungen angeordnete, axial drehbare Schnecke zum axialen Einschränken einer Bewegung der Probenbehälter zwischen den Eingangsöffnungen und den Ausgangsöffnungen, und  eine Vielzahl von axialen Probenführungen, die der Schnecke zugewandt zwischen den Eingangsöffnungen und den  Ausgangsöffnungen angeordnet sind und quer auf die Eingangsöffnungen und die Ausgangsöffnungen ausgerichtet...
Patent DE-05710148-T1 (DE)
Title: Anleitungsroutensucheinrichtung, navigationseinrichtung und verfahren zum anleitungs-routen-suchen
Inventor: KANEDA MASAKI
IPC: G08G1/0969
Filed: 2005-02-04
Abstract: Anleitungsroutensucheinrichtung,
wobei diese Einrichtung Folgendes umfasst:  eine Routenpunktspezifizierungseinheit,
die sich eignet, um mehrere Routenpunkte zu spezifizieren, zu denen
ein Benutzer zu führen
ist, bevor er einen Zielpunkt erreicht; und  eine Auswahleinheit,
die sich eignet, um einen Anleitungsplan auszuwählen, welcher mögliche Sequenzen
von Besuchsreihenfolgen für
alle der mehreren Routenpunkte durch eine im Voraus festgelegte
Ankunftszeit am Zielpunkt und einen Aufenthaltszeitraum an jedem
der Routenpunkte definiert,  wobei der Aufenthaltszeitraum an
jedem der Routenpunkte so eingerichtet ist, dass er einen möglichen
Maximalwert innerhalb der maximalen Aufenthaltszeit besitzt, die
für diesen
Routenpunkt vorgegeben ist.
Patent DE-07763125-T1 (DE)
Inventor: ROCK MOSHE
IPC: A47C17/00
Filed: 2007-01-24
Abstract: Covers for mattresses having a reclining surface of viscoelastic foam have a fabric body with a first surface disposed in engagement with the reclining surface; an opposite, second surface disposed for engagement by a person reclining upon the cover; and at least one air flow region defined by the fabric body for enhanced circulation of air between the reclining surface of viscoelastic foam and an opposed skin surface of the person reclining upon the cover. The circular knit fabric body comprises a flame retardant material.
Patent DE-99302260-T1 (DE)
Title: Eine Aminverbindung und einen Ester enthaltende Brennstoffzusammensetzung
Inventor: FUENTES-AFFLICK PETER A
IPC: C10L10/04
Filed: 1999-03-24
Abstract: Kraftstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend eine größere Menge Kohlenwasserstoffe, die im Benzinbereich sieden, und eine den Kraftstoffverbrauch senkende Menge einer Kraftstoffadditiv-Zusammensetzung, umfassend  (a) mindestens eine Aminverbindung, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe  (1) kraftstofflösliche aliphatische kohlenwasserstoff-substituierte Amine mit mindestens einem basischen Stickstoffatom, wobei die Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe ein zahlengemitteltes Molekulargewicht von etwa 700 bis 3000 besitzt, und  (2) ein Poly(oxyalkylen)amin mit mindestens einem basischen Stickstoffatom und einer so großen Zahl Oxyalkylen-Einheiten, dass das Poly(oxyalkylen)amin löslich in Kohlenwasserstoffen ist, welche im Benzinbereich sieden, und  (b) einen Ester von einer Carbonsäure mit einem Polyhydroxyalkohol, wobei die Carbonsäure 1 bis etwa 4 Carbonsäuregruppen besitzt und etwa 8 bis etwa 50 Kohlenstoffatome und der Polyhydroxyalkohol etwa 2 bis etwa 50 Kohlenstoffatome und etwa 2 bis etwa 6 Hydroxygruppen.
Patent DE-1077677-T1 (DE)
Inventor: LINDAHL KE
IPC: A61K47/12
Filed: 1999-05-12
Abstract: The invention relates to a novel biologically active composition which comprises a biologically active agent to be released therefrom, said biologically active agent being dissolved and/or dispersed in a supersaturated state within a carrier, which carrier is a liquid and/or solid non-crystalline matrix, and where the precipitation of said biologically active agent is substantially, or completely, inhibited therein. Said supersaturated state is obtainable by subjecting one or more carrier starting substance(s) to such chemical operation(s) that a matrix is provided in which the degree of saturation of said biologically active agent is higher than the degree of saturation of said biologically active agent in said carrier starting substance(s), the biologically active agent being added either before said chemical operation(s) or after a predetermined point of time, after which the composition thus prepared is further subjected to said chemical operation(s).
Patent ES-2026833-T1 (ES)
Title: Sensor activo de amortiguador de vibraciones para medir la velocidad relativa entre carroceria y eje.
IPC: G01P3/52
Filed: 1990-08-31
Abstract: EL OBJETO DE LA INVENCION REPRODUCE UN SENSOR AMORTIGUADOR ACTIVO ADAPTIVO DE OSCILACIONES PARA LA MEDICION DE LA VELOCIDAD RELATIVA ENTRE ESTRUCTURA Y EJE DE AUTOMOVILES. POR MEDIO DE UN ARROLLAMIENTO SENSOR (9, 14) INCRUSTADO EN UNA CARCASA DE SENSOR (11) CON UN IMAN PERMANENTE (10) SE GENERA POR MEDIO DE UN VASTAGO DE PISTON (3) QUE CONDUCE AL SENSOR UNA INDUCCION DE LA TENSION EN EL ARROLLAMIENTO DEL SENSOR (9, 14), QUE ES UNA MEDIDA DE LA VELOCIDAD RELATIVA.
Patent ES-2068169-T1 (ES)
Inventor: PATRICK PAUL H
IPC: A01K61/02
Filed: 1994-04-05
Abstract: The method of enhancing the survival and/or growth rates of fish in an aquatic environment, involves providing a feeder at a selected location for dispensing food to the aquatic environment, and providing an acoustic projector for generating acoustic signals within the frequency range 10Hz-4kHz. A frequency is ascertained within the range to which the fish are preconditioned to respond, and food is periodically dispensed from the feeder and, at times coordinated with those at which food is dispensed. The acoustic projector is actuated to generate an acoustic signal at the ascertained frequency. The signal has a duration exceeding one second.
Patent ES-2147544-T1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de control de los sistemas de aireacion de estanques biologicos de tratamiento de las aguas residuales.
Inventor: CHATELLIER PATRICE
IPC: G05D21/02
Filed: 1998-09-23
Abstract: Procedimiento de control de los sistemas de aireación de los estanques biológicos de una instalación de tratamiento de aguas, caracterizado porque consiste en: I) medir el caudal transversal (Qt) de la instalación y el caudal (Qr) de recirculación del licor mixto del clarificador hacia el estanque de aireación y, II) medir la concentración en oxígeno disuelto en el estanque de aireacióncon elfin de: a) establecer, en el transcurso de un período de aireación, el balance de materia del oxígeno aportado, consumido y evacuado con el efluente, b) establecer, en el transcurso de un período de no-aireación, el balance de materia del oxígeno consumido y evacuado con el efluente, c) determinar el valor de oxígeno consumido por la biomasa a partir de los dos balances de materias anteriormente establecidos y, d) determinar, a partir de los datos obtenidos en a), b), y c), el valor del coeficiente de transferencia alfa.kLa en las condiciones de la medición.
Patent CY-1108156-T1 (CY)
Title: Στερεοεκλεκτικη συνθεση αναλογων βιταμινης d
Inventor: SABROE THOMAS PETER
IPC: C07B31/00
Filed: 2008-06-26
Abstract: H παρούσα εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε ενδιάμεσα χρήσιμα για τη σύνθεση καλσιποτριόλης ή μονοένυδρης καλσιποτριόλης, σε μεθόδους παραγωγής των ρηθέντων ενδιάμεσων, και σε μεθόδους στερεοεκλεκτικής αναγωγής των ρηθέντων ενδιάμεσων.
Patent CY-1109791-T1 (CY)
Title: Εμβολια που περιλαμβανουν ανοσοενισχυτικα αργιλιου και ιστιδινη
Inventor: CONTORNI MARIO
IPC: A61K39/118
Filed: 2010-02-05
Abstract: Για τη βελτίωση της σταθερότητας εμβολίων που περιλαμβάνουν άλας ή άλατα αργιλίου, η εφεύρεση χρησιμοποιεί το αμινοξύ ιστιδίνη. Αυτή μπορεί να βελτιώσει τη σταθερότητα του pΗ και την προσρόφηση σε ανοσοενισχυτικό και επομένως μπορεί να περιορίσει την υδρόλυση αντιγόνου. Η ιστιδίνη κατά προτίμηση είναι παρούσα κατά τη διάρκεια της προσρόφησης στο άλας ή άλατα αργιλίου. Το αντιγόνο στο εμβόλιο μπορεί να είναι πρωτεΐνη ή σακχαρίτης και είναι κατά προτίμηση από Ν. meningitidis.
Patent CY-1111188-T1 (CY)
Title: Αντιβακτηριακα παραγωγα κινολινης
Inventor: GUILLEMONT JÉRÔME EMILE GEORGES
IPC: C07D409/06
Filed: 2010-08-09
Abstract: Η παρούσα εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε νέα υποκατεστημένα παράγωγα κινολίνης σύμφωνα με το γενικό Τύπο (la) ή το Τύπο (lb): συμπεριλαμβάνοντας οποιαδήποτε στερεοχημικά ισομερή μορφή αυτών, όπου το 10 Q αντιπροσωπεύει μία ρίζα του τύπου ενός N-οξειδίου αυτών, ένα φαρμακευτικά αποδεκτό άλας αυτών ή ένα επιδιαλυτωμένο σύμπλοκο αυτών. Οι ενώσεις που αξιώνονται είναι χρήσιμες στη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση μίας βακτηριακής λοίμωξης. Επίσης, αξιώνεται μία σύνθεση που περιλαμβάνει ένα φαρμακευτικώς αποδεκτό φορέα και, ως δραστικό συστατικό, μία θεραπευτικώς αποτελεσματική ποσότητα των ενώσεων που αξιώνονται, η χρήση των ενώσεων που αξιώνονται ή των συνθέσεων για την παρασκευή ενός φαρμάκου για τη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση μίας βακτηριακής λοίμωξης και μία διαδικασία για την παρασκευή των ενώσεων που αξιώνονται.
Patent CY-1111039-T1 (CY)
Title: Παραγωγα 4-ανιλινο κιναζολινης ως αντιπολλαπλασιαστικοι παραγοντες
Inventor: BRADBURY ROBERT HUGH
IPC: C07D491/04
Filed: 2010-09-09
Abstract: Η εφεύρεση αφορά παράγωγα κιναζολίνης του Τύπου (I) όπου το καθένα από τα Q1, Ζ, R1 και Q2 έχουν οποιοδήποτε από τα νοήματα που ορίζονται στην περιγραφή· διεργασίες για την παρασκευή τους, φαρμακευτικές συνθέσεις που τα περιέχουν και τη χρήση τους στην κατασκευή ενός φαρμακευτικού μέσου για χρήση ως ένα αντιπολλαπλασιαστικό παράγοντα στην πρόληψη της θεραπείας όγκων που είναι ευαίσθητοι στην αναστολή των υποδοχέων κινασών τυσοσίνης erbB.
Patent CY-1111975-T1 (CY)
Inventor: DE KIMPE JOSEPHUS JOHANNES
IPC: A61P43/00
Filed: 2011-10-20
Abstract: The current invention provides for methods and medicaments that apply oligonucleotide molecules complementary only to a repetitive sequence in a human gene transcript, for the manufacture of a medicament for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a cis-element repeat instability associated genetic disorders in humans. The invention hence provides a method of treatment for cis-element repeat instability associated genetic disorders. The invention also pertains to modified oligonucleotides which can be applied in method of the invention to prevent the accumulation and/or translation of repeat expanded transcripts in cells.