Patent GB-619231-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to catalytic polymerization of olefins
IPC: B01J23/74
Filed: 1946-06-11
Abstract: A catalyst for olefin polymerization comprises nickel oxide supported on silica gel and activated by heat treatment at 400-700 DEG  C. Silica gel, dried or hydrated, may be impregnated with a nickel compound such as a nickel carbonate which is converted to oxide and activated in the presence of oxygen as described in Specification 618,674.  Preferably nickel nitrate is used and is decomposed to oxide with rapid removal of nitrogen oxides and simultaneous or subsequent activation by heating in oxygen-containing gas.  Alumina in an amount of up to 50, preferably 1-10 per cent by weight of the silica gel may be incorporated as a promoter, preferably by impregnating the silica gel with a solution of aluminium salt, either prior to or simultaneously with the nickel salt, and decomposing. Alkali or alkaline earth metals, their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state, may be added.  Examples compare the activity in ethylene polymerization of catalysts consisting of nickel oxide on silica gel and on kieselguhr, of silica-alumina gel alone, nickel oxide on alumina, activated nickel oxide on silica gel alone or with alumina, and silica-alumina gel comprising nickel oxide activated at various temperatures from 300 to 700 DEG  C.ALSO:Olefins of two to five carbon atoms are polymerized to higher aliphatic olefins by passing under polymerizing conditions in contact with a catalyst comprising nickel oxide supported on silica gel and activated by heat treatment at 400-700 DEG  C.  Silica gel, dried or hydrated, may be impregnated with a nickel compound such as a nickel carbonate which is converted to oxide and activated in the presence of oxygen as described in Specification 618,674.  Preferably, nickel nitrate is used and is decomposed to oxide with rapid removal of nitrogen oxides and simultaneous or subsequent activation by heating in oxygen-containing gas. Alumina in an amount of up to 50, preferably 1-10 per cent by weight of the silica gel may be incorporated as a promoter, preferably by impregnating the silica gel with a solution of aluminium salt, either prior to or simultaneously with the nickel salt, and decomposing.  Alkali or alkaline earth metals, their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state, may be added. Polymerization, purification of charge, and further treatment of polymers is effected as described in Specification 618,674. Examples compare the activity in ethylene polymerization of catalysts consisting of nickel oxide on silica gel and on kieselguhr, of silica-alumina gel alone, nickel oxide on alumina, activated nickel oxide on silica gel alone or with alumina, and silica-alumina gel comprising nickel oxide activated at various temperatures from 300 DEG  to 700 DEG  C.ALSO:Olefins of two to five carbon atoms are polymerized to higher aliphatic olefins by passing under polymerizing conditions in contact with a catalyst comprising nickel oxide supported on silica gel and activated by heat treatment at 400 DEG -700 DEG  C. Silica gel, dried or hydrated, may be impregnated with a nickel compound such as a nickel carbonate which is converted to oxide and activated in the presence of oxygen as described in Specification 618,674.  Preferably nickel nitrate is used and is decomposed to oxide with rapid removal of nitrogen oxides and simultaneous or subsequent activation by heating in oxygen-containing gas.  Alumina in an amount of up to 50, preferably 1-10 per cent by weight of the silica gel may be incorporated as a promoter, preferably by impregnating the silica gel with a solution of aluminium salt, either prior to or simultaneously with the nickel salt, and decomposing.  Alkali or alkaline earth metals, their alloys or amalgams, preferably in liquid state, may be added. Polymerization, purification of charge, and further treatment of polymers is effected as described in Specification 618,674.  Examples compare the activity in ethylene polymerization of catalysts consisting of nickel oxide on silica gel and on kieselguhr, of silica-alumina gel alone, nickel oxide on alumina, activated nickel oxide on silica gel alone or with alumina, and silica-alumina gel comprising nickel oxide activated at various temperatures from 300 DEG  to 700 DEG  C.