baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-425124-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to beach groins
IPC: E02B3/06
Filed: 1933-09-07
Abstract: 425,124. Groins. ELLISON, T. B., Little Challacombe, Winchelsea Beach, Sussex. Sept. 7, 1933, No. 24802. [Class 68 (ii)] A beach groin is formec in sections disposec angularly with respect to one another. Fig. 1 shows piles 1 set in twc rows with panels 2 of board &c., betweer them, forming a zig-zag groin, the piles having grooves 3 and anglepieces 4 to support the ends of the boards. In modifications, additional rows of piles enable the piles to be joined in T or like forms ; corrugated sheet-metal panels with stiffening- bars are used ; panels or sections of cast metal, concrete, stone, &c., may be used instead of wood or sheet metal, or panels of concrete partly reinforced and partly non-reinforced. Concrete blocks 16, Fig. 11, may be used to form a platform for holding down battens 17 to which the piles 1 are attached.
Patent GB-518391-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric circuit controllers, particularly electric motor controllers
IPC: B60L15/12
Filed: 1938-08-23
Abstract: 518,391. Master control of D.C. motors; electromagnetic switches. IGRANIC ELECTRIC CO., Ltd. (Cutler-Hammer, Inc.). Aug. 23, 1938, No. 24844. [Classes 38 (iii) and 38 (v)] A contactor is delayed in closing by associating a condenser in circuit with a restraining winding. Operating coils Mw, la, 2a, 3a of relays M, 1A, 2A, 3A, are energized in turn by movement of a controller C and when the relay M closes a motor A is connected to the supply in series with resistances Rl, R2, R3. Contacts Mx of the relay M also open to disconnect a restraining coil lb on the relay 1A, the relay 1A closes to short-circuit resistance R1 only after a time interval determined by the discharge of a condenser C1 through the restraining coil lb, the condenser being connected in parallel with the coil 1b and charged while the switch Mx is closed. Similarly, the relays 2A and 3A close in timed succession. Where a reversing controller is provided the first resistance relay has its restraining coil connected across the first section of resistance to prevent too rapid closure when " plugging." Each condenser discharge circuit may include an adjustable resistance r, or a single resistance may be provided for all the condensers, the controller C may be replaced by a press-button starter and the operating windings of all relays energized simultaneously. Where a common resistance is provided for the discharge circuit of all condensers an additional resistance in each condenser circuit may be provided. A single condenser may control all restraining windings, the latter being connected in series or parallel and disconnected from the supply simultaneously. In the case of parallel connection, individual discharge resistances for each condenser may be provided in addition to a resistance common to all restraining windings. Instead of connecting the restraining windings initially to the supply, they may be energized and their associated condensers charged from the respective sections of starting resistance. The restraining windings may be sufficiently inductive to contribute in themselves to the timed control. The relays may take the form described in Specification 286,551, [Class 38 (iii)]. As shown in Fig. 8 they may comprise an operating coil a acting on an armature 14 having an extension 13 carrying an adjustable plug 5, the restraining coil b being carried on a core 15.
Patent GB-423118-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in laminated springs
IPC: F16F1/22
Filed: 1933-09-08
Abstract: 423,118. Laminated springs. WOODHEAD & SONS, Ltd., J., Kirkstall Road, and WOODHEAD, G. A., The Grange, Old Park Road, Roundhay, both in Leeds. Sept. 8, 1933, No. 24888. [Class 108 (iii)] In a laminated spring b having a rolled eye a a longitudinally-arranged, sinuous, spring- steel plate c is adjustably or fixedly clipped to the spring so as to bear resiliently at one end c<1> on the eye and at the other end c<2> on the back-plate d of the spring, in order to stiffen the eye against unrolling or distorting forces and to reinforce the spring against torsional stresses. The concave portion of the plate near the eye may bear directly on the back-plate d, as shown in full lines, or may normally be spaced therefrom as shown dotted. In each case the plate is secured in its operative, initially-stressed position by a V-shaped clip e riveted to one of the spring leaves, the bolt f of the clip engaging a depression c<3> in the plate, while, in the latter case, a clip g may also be arranged between the clip e and eye a.
Patent GB-657902-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of substituted pteridine compounds
Filed: 1948-09-24
Abstract: Substituted pteridines having in one tautomeric form the general formula <FORM:0657902/IV (b)/1> wherein X and Y are hydrogen atoms or hydroxyl, sulphhydryl, alkyl or amino groups, R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and R1 is an aromatic group, are prepared by admixing: (i) a 4,5-diaminopyrimidine or a tautomer thereof or an acid salt thereof; (ii) an alpha-beta-dihalopropionaldehyde or an acetal thereof or a 1,1,3-trihalo acetone; (iii) a secondary amine having the formula NHRR1 in which R and R1 have the above significance.  Reactants (i) and (ii) may first be mixed and then reactant (iii) added, or reactants (ii) and (iii) may first be mixed and then reactant (i) added.  The reaction may be effected at a temperature from about 0 DEG  C. up to 100 DEG  C. and/or at a pH between about 1.5 and 6.  The reaction may be carried out in the presence of water or other inert solvent, a number of which are specified.  Dihalopropionaldehydes that may be used are alpha-beta dichloro and dibromo propionaldehydes, and trihaloacetones that may be used include the bromo and chloro compounds.  Amines of the general formula NHRR1 include those compounds wherein R represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and benzyl groups, the carboxymethyl group and salts and esters thereof, and phenacyl groups.  The preferred aromatic groups R1 are those of benzoic acid and its salts, esters and amides, e.g. the amides may be derived from amino acids such as glutamic, aspartic, glycine, leucine, serine, phenylalanine, cysteine or isovaline or amino acids containing peptide linkages such as glutamylglutamic acid or diglutamylglutamic acid.  The amino acid amide radical may be derived from natural or synthetic acids which may be in the d, l or d-l forms, while free carboxyl groups in the amide radical may be esterified, neutralized or converted into an amide, e.g. disodium-p-methylaminobenzoylglutamic acid may be used. Substituted pyrimidines which may be used are the 2,4,5-triamino-6-hydroxy-, 2,6-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino-, 2,4,5,6-tetraamino-, 4,5,6-triamino-, 2-thio-6-hydroxy-4,5-diamino-, 2-methyl-4,5-diamino-, 6-methyl-4,5-diamino-, and 4,5-diamino-pyrimidines.  Oxidizing agents may be added to the reaction mixture to prevent the formation of the corresponding dihydropteridines, e.g. those having an oxidation-reduction potential of about -0.49 to -1.42 volts, e.g. iodine, potassium bromate, chlorine, benzoquinone, manganese dioxide, sodium dichromate and ferric chloride.  A number of detailed examples are given. N-[4-carboxyphenyl]-glycine is prepared by heating ethyl chloroacetate and benzocaine to give ethyl - N - [4- carbethoxyphenyl] - glycinate, which is hydrolysed with boiling sodium hydroxide.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 refers to the preparation of substituted pteridines of the general formula given above where the groups X and Y represent halogen in addition to the groups specified above.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-653207-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in control devices for electric welders
IPC: B23K11/24
Filed: 1948-09-24
Abstract: 653,207. Control systems for resistance welding. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL, Ltd. Sept. 24, 1948, No. 25012. Convention date, Sept. 29, 1947. [Class 38 (iv)] In a welding current supply and control system, such as described in Specification 582,225, in which a number of locally controlled spot-welding machines are supplied, over mains 2, with current pulses from a central pulse generator 1, the control apparatus for each machine 4 comprises an initiating switch 9 and a single multi-contact stepping relay 5. The last may comprise a contact drum 10 and a bank of co-operating fixed contacts 7, 8, 17, 20, 22 over which the drum may be moved by pawl and ratchet mechanism 13, 16 actuated by a stepping magnet 6, 12. The arrangement is such that movement of switch 9 to position II complete an energizing circuit for magnet coil 6, this circuit having been previously prepared over relay contacts 7, 8, 11. On receiving a pulse from mains 2 the armature 12 of the magnet is moved against the action of a spring 14 which, in the interval following the pulse, there returns the magnet and causes pawl 13 to advance the contact drum to position b, in which a contact 18 engages fixed contacts 17 to connect the welding machine to the mains and a contact 19 engages contacts 7, 20 to maintain the magnet coil circuit complete. The next mains pulse thus energizes both the welding machine and the stepping magnet, whilst in the following interval pawl 13 steps the contact drum into position c, thereby opening the welding machine supply circuit at contacts 17, 18 and the relay coil energization circuit at contacts 7, 20, 8. Drum contact 21, however, prepares over fixed contact 22 a further coil-energization circuit, which is completed by moving switch 9 back to position I, for stepping the drum into position d in which the initial circuit connections are restored and from which the cycled may be repeated. More than one pulse may be passed through the welding machine by providing a number of contacts 18, 19 in successive positions of the drum.
Patent GB-811938-A (GB)
Title: Diagnostic composition
IPC: G01N33/66
Filed: 1955-08-31
Abstract: A diagnostic composition for detecting reducing sugar in aqueous liquids, e.g. urine, comprises a minor proportion of a soluble cupric salt, an agent which forms a soluble complex with cupric ions, a solid acid material, and an alkali metal hydroxide. The complexing agent does not contribute substantially to the heat produced on adding the composition to the aqueous liquid, and the acid material is incapable of forming a soluble complex with copper in alkaline solution.  Some heat is produced by the dissolution of the alkali and some by reaction between the acid and the alkali.  Acid materials specified are succinic, malonic, maleic, aconitic, itaconic, and glutaric acids.  Complexing agents are potassium sodium tartrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, amino acids, and a mixture of ethylene diamine tetraacetate and triethanolamine.  Sodium bicarbonate may be added to form an effervescent couple with the acid.  Compositions are described in which the cupric salt is anhydrous cupric sulphate, the alkali is sodium hydroxide, and talcum is also present in addition to the other ingredients specified above. The mixtures are blended and pressed into tablets.  Specifications 575,612 and 615,659 are referred to.
Patent GB-532489-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to magnetic cores for transformers or the like
IPC: H01F41/02
Filed: 1939-09-01
Abstract: 532,489. Making transformer &c. cores. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Sept. 1, 1939, No. 25075. Convention date, Sept. 3, 1938. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv)] [Also in Group XXXV] Assembling force fits.-In assembling shelltype cores for transformers &c. pulling forces are applied to the yokes 13 to enable a tightly fitting winding leg 12 to be inserted without damage to the laminations. The laminations of the leg 12 are cut or punched from the same positions which they are finally to occupy in the laminations of the yokes 13 so that they will be a tight fit between the yokes on assembly. The yokes are formed with dove-tail notches 16 across their outer surfaces so that they may be engaged with projections 17 on relatively slidable blocks 18, 19 actuated by lever mechanism 21, 22 whereby the pulling forces are applied.
Patent GB-998388-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to semiconductor junction devices
Inventor: ALLEN JOHN MAGNER
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1962-06-29
Abstract: 998,388. Semi-conductor devices. PLESSEY CO. Ltd. June 18, 1963 [June 29, 1962], No. 25145/62. Heading H1K. A device formed by diffusing impurity through a mask into a semi-conductor wafer to form a PN junction comprises an insulating layer through which part of the diffused region is exposed. Contact is made to the exposed region via a metal layer extended over it and over the insulating layer surrounding it at least as far as the boundary of the diffused region. The diode shown is formed by diffusing phosphorus through silicon oxide mask 11 into a prepared P-type silicon wafer to form the PN junction. After evaporating on contact 14, a layer of aluminium 4000 Š thick is deposited to form the circular electrode 16 which is keyed to the oxide by subsequently heating at 600‹ C. for 2 to 3 minutes. The field established between the periphery of the electrode and the body with the junction reverse biased eliminates the adverse effects of surface states created by the oxide layer on the reverse breakdown voltage of the device.
Patent GB-448313-A (GB)
Title: A process for the catalytic oxidation of ketols
IPC: C07C45/39
Filed: 1935-09-10
Abstract: Primary or secondary ketols are oxidized to polyketones, or ketone-aldehydes by gaseous oxygen, in the presence of solid oxidizing catalysts.  A large number of ketols are mentioned as suitable initial materials; they may contain alkoxy, carboxylic, heterocyclic, aralkyl, aryloxy, or aralkoxy groups, which may be further substituted, and may contain unsaturated bonds.  The ketol may be distilled in a stream of oxygen through a packed column containing the catalyst and surmounted by a reflux condenser; or the vapour of the ketol mixed with the oxygen-containing gas may be passed over the catalyst, or the reaction may be effected in the liquid phase.  The pressure may be reduced, atmospheric, or raised, and the oxygen is preferably used in equivalent quantity or less. The catalyst may be copper oxide, copper, brass, silver, silver-zinc and silver-arsenic alloys, gold, gold-silver alloy, platinum, palladium, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxides, vanadium, vanadyl sulphate, silver vanadate, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, chromium oxide, tin, stannous oxide, tungsten, manganous oxide, zinc, zinc oxide, or zinc sulphide.  The elements of the third period of the Periodic table or their compounds are particularly suitable, such as titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and selenium.  The catalyst may be activated in known ways, and may be prepared by dry or oil reduction of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or organic acid salts of the metals. Metals may be used in the form of wire, screen, turnings or granules.  In examples: (1) dimethyl ketol is distilled in a stream of oxygen through copper oxide, a reflux condenser being arranged at the top of the column; the product on fractional distillation yields diacetyl and smaller quantities of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and ketol acetate; (2) dimethyl ketol and air is passed over reduced copper. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 states that excess of oxygen promotes the formation of highly oxidized compounds such as acids and anhydrides, and therefore when less highly oxidized products are desired it is preferable to use an equivalent quantity of oxygen or less.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:In an example dimethyl ketol is distilled in a stream of oxygen through copper oxide, a reflux condenser being arranged at the top of the column, diacetyl and other products being obtained.
Patent GB-1191664-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
Inventor: PARSONS NORMAN BARCLAY
IPC: H01H33/662
Filed: 1966-06-07
Abstract: 1,191,664. Vacuum switches. A. REYROLLE & CO. Ltd. 24 Aug., 1967 [7 June, 1966], No. 25261/66. Heading H1N. A vacuum switch envelope has an inner ceramic or glass insulating wall 25 covered by an outer moulded plastics layer 26. The layer 26 may be of an elastomer such as silicone or butyl rubber or of polyurethane protected by an outer layer of silicone rubber. Alternatively it may comprise an outer shell of cast epoxy resin separated from the wall 25 by a filling of one of the above resilient materials. The filling may be foamed to create a plurality of cells containing an electronegative gas such as SF 6 . The outer surface of the layer 26 is shedded to increase the creepage path; the layer 26 may extend over the metal end plates 13, 14 of the envelope so as to completely encapsulate it, the envelope then being immersed in oil or SF 6 . Conducting screens 21, 22 are provided within the envelope.
Patent GB-818241-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to headstocks for rotating spindles
Inventor: HARDY NORMAN SAMUEL
IPC: B23Q5/14
Filed: 1954-09-01
Abstract: 818,241. Change-speed gear. KNELLER (INSTRUMENTS & TOOLS) Ltd. Sept. 1, 1955 [Sept. 1, 1954], No. 25369/54. Class 80 (2). [Also in Group XXII] A lathe or other headstock comprises a twospeed driving-mechanism including a beltdrive, a gear-drive and control means such that, in one setting of the latter, the gear-drive is engaged and the belt slackened while in another setting the belt is tightened and the gear-drive is disengaged. The work or tool-spindle 16, Fig. 1, is carried between front and rear antifriction bearings 14, 15, respectively, in the housing 10. The latter forms an oil-bath for the gear-drive and an oil ring 22 is provided for the forward bearing. A worm-wheel 17 is keyed to the spindle intermediate the bearings and is driven by a worm 32 arranged on a shaft at right-angles to the spindle. The worm-wheel is formed integral with a pinion 26 which drives a pinion 25 on a lay-shaft 24 from which a feeddrive may be taken. A belt pulley 19 is secured to the rear end of the spindle outside the housing 10, but protected by a cover 70. The worm spindle 32, Fig. 2, is mounted eccentrically in antifriction bearings in a drum 29 which is connected by a web 34 to a boss 35 rotatable in the front of the housing 10 and having a handle 38 secured thereto. A double pulley 40 is keyed to the outside end of the worm-spindle, one part 42 receiving the main drive from a " V "-belt and electric motor (not shown) and the other part 41 transmitting the drive through a flat belt 20 to the spindle pulley. With the handle 38, Fig. 7, in one extreme position, the worm is in mesh with the worm-wheel and the pulley 41 has been moved by the eccentric mounting to slacken the belt 20 which is guided around jockey pulleys 47 adjustably supported on the housing 10. The drive to the spindle is thus at a low speed through worm gearing from belt drive 43. When the handle is moved to the other extreme position the worm moves away from the worm wheel and the belt 20 is tightened so that the spindle is driven at a higher speed through belting. An intermediate position of the control handle slackens the main drive belt since the pulley 42 moves on the eccentric mounting and the drive is stopped, permitting the spindle to be turned by hand. A cam-piece may be provided, in connection with the handle 38, which operates a switch to stop the driving motor while changing from one drive to the other.
Patent GB-986137-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic control systems
Inventor: RIGHTON DAVID WILLIAM
IPC: G05D1/00
Filed: 1961-07-14
Abstract: 986,137. Automatic control of aircraft. S. SMITH & SONS (ENGLAND) Ltd. July 13, 1962 [July 14, 1961], No. 25526/61. Heading G3R.  In an automatic control system the control channel comprises a number of identical subchannels in parallel each of which is switched from one operational mode to another in dependence on the magnitude of a variable, means being provided to ensure that switching in any subchannel only takes place if the condition for it is satisfied in at least two sub-channels. In Fig. 1 the elevator channel of an aircraft automatic pilot has three identical sub-channels each comprising signal sources 1 controlling rate servo-systems 3, 4, 5 which operate a common drive 17 for the aircrafts elevators. The signal sources may include rate gyros, gyro-verticals, glide path radio receivers, altimeters and pitot heads which are selected for control of the servo-systems by rotary stepping switches 9 under the control of a manual controller 13 and altimeters 6. The arrangement can provide automatic landing by automatic transition, at predetermined altitudes, from flying down a glidepath to continuing at constant altitude and airspeed, flying a curved "flare"path, and finally aligning with the runway, wings level. Operation of switches 9 as each critical altitude is reached introduces new references into controllers 14 which then cease to produce outputs from their magnetic amplifier-rectifier combinations until the next critical altitude is reached. The outputs of all three controllers 14 are applied to each of three switch actuators 10 in such a manner that magnetic amplifiers of these actuators only produce outputs to operate the switches if at least two of the controllers 14 produce an output. Manual controller 13 may also be operated to select flight at constant height, altitude or speed. An additional dummy signal may be applied to the magnetic amplifier of a switch actuator if it is desired to operate with a single sub-channel. The outputs of servo-amplifiers 3 may be automatically equalised by a controller 19. Torque switches 16 associated with electromagnetic clutches 15 ensure the disconnection of a faulty channel and prevent operation of a single remaining channel.
Patent GB-776722-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in a process for the preparation of optically active glutamic acid
IPC: C12P13/14
Filed: 1955-09-07
Abstract: The naturally-occurring, optically-active form of glutamic acid is prepared by subjecting a  -ketoglutaric acid to the transaminating activity of a transaminating strain of fungus in a medium containing urea.  Urea is preferably the principal or only source of nitrogen, but it may be used in conjunction with nitrates or ammonium salts. Other components that may be present in the media are sucrose, glucose, lactose, molasses, corn syrup, potato starch, corn and wheat starch, distillers' solubles, cornsteep liquor, protein hydrolyzates, tankage, dried blood, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate and sources of trace metals.  The process may be conducted with the isolated cell-free enzyme system of the transaminating strain of fungus or may be conducted by growing said fungus under aerobic conditions in a fermentation medium containing the urea and a -ketoglutaric acid. The following groups of fungi furnish suitable transaminating strains: Fungi Imperfecti, such as the Aspergilli (e.g. A. niger and A. wentii), Cephalosporium, Threlaviopsis, Phoma and Stachybotrys (e.g. S. atra); Actinomycetes; Ascomycetes, such as Endothia (e.g. E. virdostroma), Apioporthe (e.g. A. corni) and Endoconidiophora (e.g. E. adiposa); and Phycomycetes, such as Syncephalastrum (e.g. S. racemosum) and Absidia (e.g. A. glavca).