baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2006077564-A2 (WO)
Title: A book protective cover and method
Inventor: FITZGERALD SEAN KEVIN
Filed: 2006-01-18
Abstract: A book protective cover product (1) comprises a roll of transparent plastics web cover material (2) having an adhesive strip (3) along each side edge. There is also an internal, central, adhesive strip (4). Each adhesive strip (3) has a length of permanent adhesive (6) and a peel-off liner (5). The central strip (4) has adhesive (8) of the releasable, peel-off, type used widely for removable adhesive notes. There is a peel-off liner (5) on the central adhesive (8). This adhesive is clear, and is UV-resistant. There is a measurement scale (7) marked on the peel-off liners (5). The protective cover is easily applied because of assistance arising from the fact that the internal adhesive (8) adheres to the outside surfaces of the book covers. By simply pressing the material (2) against the book outer surface the desired mutual positions and orientations of the book and cover material (2) may be retained. This prevents skewing of the book and helps speed up the covering task.
Patent WO-2005067377-A2 (WO)
Title: Support de memorisation comportant un signet
Inventor: TEICHER MORDECHAI
IPC: G11B23/30
Filed: 2004-12-20
Abstract: Support de mémorisation comprenant une partie de mémorisation de contenu servant à mémoriser un contenu et une partie de mémorisation de signet servant à mémoriser une valeur de signet. Un lecteur associé sert à reproduire le contenu et comporte une interface utilisateur permettant de présenter le contenu à l'utilisateur, un processeur servant à présenter le contenu à l'interface utilisateur à partir d'un segment de départ de ce contenu en fonction de la valeur du signet et une interface de support servant à coupler de manière réversible le lecteur au support de mémorisation afin de transmettre le contenu et la valeur du signet au processeur. Ce lecteur reproduit le contenu jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne un segment de fin et règle la valeur du signet en fonction de ce segment de fin, de façon à déclencher la reproduction suivante, sur le même lecteur ou sur un lecteur différent, selon ce segment de fin. Le segment de départ est sélectionné soit par le lecteur, soit par le support de mémorisation.
Patent WO-2006080024-A2 (WO)
Inventor: RABINOVITZ ELISHA
IPC: A61K49/00
Filed: 2006-01-31
Abstract: Devices, systems and method for in vivo analysis. For example, an in vivo device includes: a reaction chamber to store a detecting reagent able to react with a sample collected in vivo; and optionally a labeled-substance chamber to store a labeled substance able to bind to at least a portion of a compound resulting from a reaction of the detecting reagent and the sample.
Patent WO-2014136127-A2 (WO)
Title: Mobile social network analysis system and method
Inventor: SIMHA JAY BHARATHEESH
IPC: G06F15/16
Filed: 2014-03-05
Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for mobile social network analytics. The entire subscriber base forms a social segment for any telecom company. This is commonly known as telecom call graph. The present invention constructs social segments and computes social metrics of both segments and individual subscribers in the telecom network. The present invention further analyses the social segment graph and assigns segment score and churn propensity score to each subscriber using a mobile social network analytics system. The input to the mobile social network analytics system is CDR from external sources and information from campaigns, demographics and so on. The mobile social network analytics system processes the CDR, the other information and outputs segment score and churn score.
Patent WO-2006075350-A2 (WO)
Inventor: TONIOLO DANIELA
IPC: A61P17/00
Filed: 2006-01-11
Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the encoded product of the POFlB gene or biologically active fragments thereof for the production of a cosmetic product for skin topic use, for skin regeneration and anti-aging and/or for hair and/or hair-epidermis related disorders.
Patent WO-2023170717-A2 (WO)
Title: Procede et dispositif de manipulation automatisée de materiaux laminaires souples
Inventor: LANDI TOMMASO
IPC: B65H5/00
Filed: 2023-03-07
Abstract: L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de manipulation automatisée de matériaux laminaires souples, dans lesquels on effectue le prélèvement d'un matériau souple (P) au moyen d'un organe de prélèvement (34) qui vient en prise avec une première partie du matériau souple, la manipulation de l'organe de prélèvement selon une trajectoire prédéfinie pour placer une seconde partie libre (LP) du matériau souple sur une surface de dépôt (2) des matériaux souples, lors du dépôt de chaque matériau souple (P) une force de frottement se développe entre le matériau souple et ladite surface, et la seconde partie du matériau souple (P) est suspendue à l'organe de prélèvement et, après le dépôt de ladite partie libre du matériau souple au niveau du point de dépôt (PD), l'organe de prélèvement exerce sur le matériau souple (P) une force de distension (FD) d'une amplitude inférieure à ladite force de frottement (FA) pendant que le matériau souple est positionné sur ladite surface avec une vitesse de libération contrôlée.
Patent WO-2004114441-A2 (WO)
Title: Procede de fabrication d'une electrode de batterie secondaire, appareil pour ce procede, et electrode de batterie secondaire
Inventor: SAITO TAKAMITSU
IPC: H01M8/10
Filed: 2004-05-31
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une électrode de batterie secondaire présentant un matériau actif (111) sur un collecteur de courant (110), procédé dans lequel un ordinateur (100) génère un modèle de déposition (PT) pour la déposition d'une pluralité de types de matériaux actifs, différents quant à leurs caractéristiques électriques, sur des aires discrètes d'un collecteur de courant, l'ordinateur commande des buses d'injection (108) pour injecter ladite pluralité de types de matériaux actifs sur le collecteur de courant, sous forme de particules multiples (P), respectivement, de façon qu'elles soient déposées sur celui-ci, formant ainsi une couche de matériau actif.
Patent WO-2012124332-A2 (WO)
Title: Dispositif d'onduleur et outil de puissance électrique
Inventor: NITANAI YUKI
Filed: 2012-03-14
Abstract: L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'onduleur, qui comprend: un circuit d'onduleur configuré de façon à effectuer des opérations de MARCHE/ARRET avec un rapport cyclique prédéfini pour convertir une alimentation en courant continu en une alimentation en courant alternatif et délivrer en sortie l' alimentation en courant alternatif à un moteur en courant alternatif; et un dispositif de commande configuré de façon à changer un rapport cyclique des opérations de MARCHE/ARRET.
Patent WO-2022092327-A2 (WO)
Inventor: TAKARA TERUYUKI
IPC: G10D1/08
Filed: 2021-10-28
Abstract: 耐久性、強度、寿命を増し、音質、音量に優れた弦楽器を提供する。本発明に係る弦楽器は、弦の端部を保持する弦保持部材と、胴部の内部において表面板、裏板、側板に接合面を有し接着された胴強化部材とを備え、弦保持部材の弦保持部分の対向面が表面板、側板、胴強化部材との接合面を有し固着されている。また、表面板と胴強化部材の一部を切欠き、弦保持部材を胴強化部材に固着させて配置されている。
Patent WO-2004077412-A2 (WO)
Title: Support d'enregistrement possedant une structure de donnees servant a gerer au moins une zone de donnees de ce support d'enregistrement, procedes et dispositifs d'enregistrement et de reproduction
Inventor: PARK YONG CHEOL
IPC: G11B7/24
Filed: 2004-02-25
Abstract: Support d'enregistrement présentant une structure de données comprenant une zone de gestion de défauts temporaires stockant un bloc de données. Ce dernier comprend une mémoire d'images spatiales et une structure de définition temporaire. La mémoire d'images spatiales indique que l'état d'enregistrement de la zone de données et la structure de définition temporaire constitue un pointeur pour la mémoire d'images spatiales.
Patent WO-2005094196-A2 (WO)
Title: Bouchon a vissage et devissage
Inventor: LEE JEONG-MIN
IPC: B65D51/28
Filed: 2005-04-02
Abstract: L'invention concerne un ensemble bouchon à vis comprenant une chambre de stockage pour un matériau secondaire possédant une partie latérale couplée au col d'un récipient, un tube de stockage formé à l'intérieur de la partie latérale pour stocker le matériau secondaire, un élément d'étanchéité garantissant la fermeture hermétique d'une extrémité inférieure du tube de stockage, une tige de perforation formée sur une partie supérieure du tube de stockage de manière à se déplacer verticalement, et un élément de protection formé sur une partie supérieure de la partie latérale afin de protéger la tige de perforation.
Patent WO-2008004759-A2 (WO)
Title: Dispositif d'affichage
Inventor: JANG WOON GEUN
IPC: F16M11/04
Filed: 2007-05-22
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage. Ce dispositif d'affichage comprend un bloc de connexion fixé de manière à tourner à une extrémité d'un ensemble pied, un support principal verticalement mobile par rapport au bloc de connexion et une unité de verrouillage qui bloque sélectivement le mouvement du support principal lorsque le bloc de connexion tourne.
Patent WO-2009002103-A2 (WO)
Title: Module coulissant et dispositif coulissant le comprenant
Inventor: CHOI KWANG HOON
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2008-06-26
Abstract: L'invention concerne un module coulissant qui assure un mouvement coulissant dans plusieurs directions, et un dispositif coulissant le comprenant, ce qui permet de conférer différents modes de fonctionnement à un terminal portable personnel. Le module coulissant comprend une base comportant un premier guide disposé dans une première direction, les deux côtés de la base étant courbés pour former le premier guide; un premier élément coulissant qui coulisse dans la première direction, ses deux côtés étant insérés dans le premier guide, la base comprenant également un second guide disposé dans une seconde direction qui entrecoupe la première; et un second élément coulissant qui coulisse dans la seconde direction, ses deux côtés étant insérés dans le second guide et limités sélectivement pour coulisser dans la seconde direction au moyen du premier guide.
Patent WO-2009035293-A2 (WO)
Inventor: KIM SEONGIL
IPC: A63B21/078
Filed: 2008-09-14
Abstract: Easy Use Compound Bench Press is different from normal separated bench press that it is possible to change the height of the support stand's legs and main support stand and support stand legs can round when the height of the legs change. As a result, it is possible to alter bench press to incline and decline bench presses without and problem.
Patent WO-2009041776-A2 (WO)
Title: Aptamère adn se liant de manière spécifique à l'oxytétracycline et procédé de production de ce dernier
Inventor: GU MAN BOCK
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2008-09-25
Abstract: L'invention concerne un aptamère ADN qui se lie de manière spécifique à l'oxytétracycline (OCT). L'invention se rapporte en particulier à un aptamère ADN capable de se lier spécifiquement à l'oxytétracycline qui est choisi dans une bibliothèque d'ADN aléatoire, à un procédé de production de ce dernier, et à un procédé permettant de détecter ou d'éliminer l'oxytétracycline à l'aide dudit aptamère ADN. Selon l'invention, des aptamères ADN possédant une affinité particulièrement élevée pour l'antibiotique oxytétracycline ont été sélectionnés dans un pool d'ADN aléatoire par un procédé FluMag-SELEX, qui est une modification du procédé SELEX. Il a été confirmé que les aptamères ADN sélectionnés possèdent une forte affinité de liaison avec l'oxytétracycline. Les aptamères ADN de l'invention peuvent par conséquent être utilisés pour détecter de manière efficace des traces d'antibiotiques dans les sources d'eau potable, les égouts, les aliments, les corps humains, etc. Les aptamères ADN précités peuvent en outre être utilisés pour éliminer sélectivement une substance cible d'un échantillon contenant d'infimes quantités d'antibiotiques.
Patent WO-2009072766-A2 (WO)
Title: Laundry machine
Inventor: KIM SUNG RYONG
Filed: 2008-11-20
Abstract: A laundry machine capable of washing and/or drying laundry is provided. The laundry machine includes a first washing tub provided in a cabinet, a housing having a space formed therein, the housing being insertable into and withdrawable from the cabinet, a second washing tub provided in the housing to receive laundry separately from the first washing tub, and a fixing member that fixes the second washing tub to restrict movement of the second washing tub.
Patent WO-2009096753-A2 (WO)
Title: Method and system for managing data transfer
Inventor: SHARMA NEHA
IPC: H04L29/02
Filed: 2009-02-02
Abstract: A method and a system for managing data transfer are provided. The method includes receiving a poll request for a status report on Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted sequentially during the data transfer, determining a status reporting range of the PDUs to be accounted in the status report based on a sequence number in the poll request, and providing the status report with status information on a receipt or a loss of the PDUs within the status reporting range during the data transfer.
Patent WO-2009116741-A2 (WO)
Inventor: SONG KWANG-JAE
IPC: F02B73/00
Filed: 2009-03-09
Abstract: 본 발명은 연료의 연소에 따른 4행정 직후에 연소가스를 재순환시켜 실린더블럭 내로 재흡기 및 재압축한 상태에서 물을 분사시킴에 따라, 연료의 연소에 따른 4행정과 분사된 물의 기화 및 부피팽창에 따른 4행정이 교호적으로 반복되어 동력을 고효율적으로 발생시키는 8행정 내연기관에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 8행정 내연기관은, 피스톤의 상하 왕복운동이 커넥팅로드에 의해 전달되어 크랭크축을 회전시킴에 따라 회전동력을 발생시키는 실린더블럭과, 상기 실린더블럭의 상부에 결합되고 일측에는 흡기밸브에 의해 개폐되는 흡기매니폴드가 연결되며 타측에는 배기밸브에 의해 개폐되는 배기매니폴드가 연결되는 실린더헤드와, 상기 실린더헤드의 상측에 배열되고 상기 크랭크축의 회전에 연동되어 회전되며 상기 흡기밸브를 구동시키는 흡기캠이 일체로 형성되는 제 1 캠축과, 상기 실린더헤드의 상측에 배열되고 상기 크랭크축의 회전에 연동되어 회전되며 상기 배기밸브를 구동시키는 배기캠이 일체로 형성되는 제 2 캠축과, 상기 실린더헤드 상에 설치되어 상기 실린더블럭 내부로 물을 분사하는 물분사수단과, 상기 실린더헤드의 상측에 배열되고 상기 제 1 캠축의 회전에 연동되어 회전되며 상기 물분사수단을 작동시키는 물분사작동기구가 구비되는 제 3 캠축과, 상기 흡기매니폴드와 상기 배기매니폴드를 연결하는 연소가스 바이패스관과, 상기 흡기매니폴드 상에 설치되고 상기 연소가스 바이패스관에 연결되어 혼합기 또는 공기 또는 공기의 흡기 또는 연소가스의 재흡기를 선택적으로 조절하는 연소가스 흡기조절수단과, 상기 배기매니폴드 상에 설치되고 상기 연소가스 바이패스관에 연결되어 연소가스의 배기 또는 재순환을 선택적으로 조절하는 연소가스 배기조절수단을 포함하여 이루어진다.
Patent WO-2009134097-A2 (WO)
Title: 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 형성된 광학 필름
Inventor: UM JUN-GEUN
IPC: C08L25/04
Filed: 2009-04-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 (a) 1종 이상의 (메트)아크릴레이트계 유도체를 포함하는 (메트)아크릴레이트계 유닛; (b) 히드록시기 함유부를 갖는 쇄 및 방향족부를 갖는 방향족계 유닛; 및 (c) 1종 이상의 스티렌계 유도체를 포함하는 스티렌계 유닛을 포함하는 수지 조성물 및 이를 이용하여 형성된 광학필름에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2009142445-A2 (WO)
Inventor: HWANG SUNG-SOO
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2009-05-21
Abstract: 본 발명은 무선통신시스템에서 펨토 셀에 따른 간섭을 줄이기 위한 장치 및 방법에 관한 것으로서, 송신 모드가 비활성화된 경우, 단말로부터 수신되는 신호의 세기를 측정하는 과정과, 상기 신호 세기를 고려하여 송신 모드가 활성화되도록 제어하는 과정을 포함하여 펨토 셀에 의한 간섭의 영향을 감소시키고 펨토 기지국의 전력 소모를 줄일 수 있는 이점이 있다.
Patent WO-2010079888-A2 (WO)
Title: Excavator for laying ground electrode, and apparatus and method for reducing ground resistance including the same
Inventor: LEE SU KYU
IPC: H02G13/00
Filed: 2009-11-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to an excavator for laying ground electrodes, and an apparatus and method for reducing ground resistance including the same, and, more particularly, to an excavator which can insert a rod-shaped electrode stably without damage by embedding the electrode in a second hollow portion inside a screw of the excavator which reduces ground resistance by using a ground resistance reducing material as a filling surrounding the space around the electrode and injecting the ground resistance reducing material without forming internal voids, and an apparatus and method for reducing ground resistance including the same. In more detail, the excavator for laying the ground electrode, and the apparatus and method for reducing ground resistance including the same of the present invention can remove internal voids in the underground space in which the ground electrode is installed (or embedded), prevent mixing-in of foreign substances, and thus improve the efficiency of reducing ground resistance, by using the material for reducing the ground resistance, water, or a mixture thereof as means for inserting said rod-shaped electrode during the drawing process of the screw so that the material for reducing ground resistance, water, or a mixture thereof can be injected starting from an inside lower portion of the excavated ground as soon as the rod-shaped electrode is inserted, can omit a refilling process by constructing the ground electrode simultaneous to disposal of the soil and sand, and can easily construct the ground electrode by significantly reducing surplus excavation soil. Moreover, the excavator of the present invention can stably insert the rod-shaped electrode into the ground without damage even if the insertion depth of the rod-shaped electrode inserted to reduce the ground resistance increases, by embedding the rod-shaped electrode in the second hollow portion inside the screw, fixing the rod-shaped electrode by a cap closing its lower portion, and inserting the rod-shaped electrode into the ground, protected by the screw.
Patent WO-2010110554-A2 (WO)
Title: Organic electroluminescent device using organic electroluminescent compounds
Inventor: KIM CHI SIK
IPC: C09K11/06
Filed: 2010-03-18
Abstract: Disclosed is a novel organic electroluminescent device including an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode on a substrate, wherein the organic layer includes an electroluminescent layer containing one or more host compound(s) and one or more dopant compound(s). The disclosed organic electroluminescent device exhibits superior luminous efficiency, good color purity and excellent operation life.
Patent WO-2010117180-A2 (WO)
Title: Cooking apparatus
Inventor: CHOI SUNG-HO
IPC: F24F7/06
Filed: 2010-04-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooking apparatus. A cooking apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a cavity provided with a cooking compartment; at least one electronic component installed in the cavity; a steam-generating device installed in the cavity for supplying steam to the cooking compartment; a cooling fan for generating an airflow for cooling the electronic component and an airflow flowing into the cooking compartment; and a duct for guiding air exhausted to the outside of the cooking compartment after having been sucked into the cooking compartment and circulated within the cooking compartment by means of the cooling fan, and for condensing steam included in the air exhausted to the outside of the cooking compartment. Thus, according to the present invention, the discharge of steam supplied to the cooking compartment together with the air for purging the cooking compartment can be reduced.
Patent WO-2011025157-A2 (WO)
Title: Refrigerator
Inventor: CHAE SU NAM
IPC: F25D19/00
Filed: 2010-08-06
Abstract: A refrigerator is disclosed. The refrigerator includes a cabinet comprising a freezing compartment and a refrigerating compartment, a cold air generation chamber for the freezing compartment provided in an upper portion of the cabinet, in communication with the freezing compartment, the cold air generation chamber configured to accommodate an evaporator (1 10) for the freezing compartment, a machine room provided in an upper portion of the cabinet, a cold air generation chamber for the refrigerating compartment independently provided from the cold air generation chamber for the freezing compartment, the cold air generation chamber for the refrigerating compartment configured to accommodate an evaporator (300) for the refrigerating compartment, and a defrosted-water treating part (400) configured to receive defrosted-water generated from the evaporator (110) for the freezing compartment and the evaporator (300) for the refrigerating compartment.
Patent WO-2011031122-A2 (WO)
Inventor: RYU SANG-KYU
IPC: G06F1/16
Filed: 2010-09-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to a variable display area type display device having a structure which can selectively extend or reduce a display area. The present invention comprises: a base plate having a foldable body; a display unit which is installed on one surface of the base plate and in which the display area is folded and changed by the folding of the base plate; and a plate supporting member for supporting the base plate before or after the folding of the base plate.
Patent WO-2011096774-A2 (WO)
Title: Broadcast signal transmitting apparatus, broadcast signal receiving apparatus, and method for transceiving a broadcast signal in a broadcast signal transceiving apparatus
Inventor: KO WOO SUK
IPC: H04N7/015
Filed: 2011-02-08
Abstract: Disclosed are a broadcast signal transmitting apparatus, a broadcast signal receiving apparatus, and a method for transceiving a broadcast signal in a broadcast signal transceiving apparatus. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal comprises the following steps: receiving, via a first receiving antenna, a first broadcast signal transmitted via first and second transmitting antennas, and receiving, via a second receiving antenna, a second broadcast signal transmitted via the first and second transmitting antennas; detecting first and second preamble signals from the signal frame of the received first broadcast signal to identify the pilot location in the signal frame, estimating a transmitting channel for the first broadcast signal using the pilot signal at the identified pilot location, and performing channel equalization; detecting first and second preamble signals from the signal frame of the received second broadcast signal to identify the pilot location in the signal frame, estimating a transmitting channel for the second broadcast signal using the pilot signal at the identified pilot location, and performing channel equalization; and performing MIMO decoding on the channel-equalized first and second broadcast signals.
Patent WO-2011122870-A2 (WO)
Title: 고분자수지의 연속 압출방법
Inventor: LEE KEE YOON
IPC: B29C48/30
Filed: 2011-03-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 a) 고분자 수지 및 첨가제를 포함하는 수지조성물을 압출기에 투입하는 단계; b) 상기 혼합된 조성물을 용융하며 고분자 용융체를 다이로 이송하는 단계; c) 상기 다이의 내부로 고분자의 표면에 윤활 작용을 하는 유무기 코팅물질을 주입하여 상기 고분자 수지 용융체의 표면을 코팅하면서 다이로부터 압출하여 성형체를 제조하는 단계; 를 포함하는 결정성 및 무결정성 고분자수지의 연속 압출방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent WO-2011129649-A2 (WO)
Inventor: JEON BYUNG HEE
IPC: C12M1/12
Filed: 2011-04-15
Abstract: Disclosed is a microfluidic device for isolating targets from a sample and a method for isolating targets using same. The microfluidic device of the present invention comprises a first filtering unit, a carrier fluid supply unit, and a second filtering unit. The first filtering unit is provided such that a filter surface having a plurality of different types of targets filtered is facing the opposite direction from the filtering direction. The carrier fluid supply unit is provided upstream of the first filtering unit, and supplies to the first filtering unit a carrier fluid that transports the plurality of different types of targets to downstream. The second filtering unit is provided downstream of the first filtering unit, and receives the plurality of different types of targets from the first filtering unit filtering same. The method for isolating targets according to the present invention uses pre-processing to remove non-targets from a plurality of non-targets and the plurality of different types of targets included in the sample, and uses post-processing to isolate the targets obtained in the pre-processing.
Patent WO-2011132897-A2 (WO)
Title: 외과용 스텐트
Inventor: KIM HEON YOUNG
IPC: A61M29/00
Filed: 2011-04-18
Abstract: 본 발명은 팽창 시에도 축방향으로 수축되지 않는 원통형 외과용 스텐트를 개시한다. 본 발명은 원주 방향으로 일렬로 이격되어 배치되는 다수의 셀들과 다수의 제1 링크들로 구성되는 링형상의 스텐트링을 포함한다. 다수의 셀들은 원주 방향으로 볼록한 제1 곡선부와, 원주 방향으로 오목한 제2 곡선부와, 축방향으로 볼록한 제3 곡선부와, 축방향으로 오목한 제4 곡선부를 포함한다. 제1 곡선부는 제3 곡선부 및 제4 곡선부와 각각 연결되고, 제2 곡선부는 제3 곡선부 및 제4 곡선부와 각각 연결된다. 제1 링크들은 다수의 셀들 중 인접하는 두 개의 셀들의 제1 곡선부와 제2 곡선부를 연결하며, 축방향으로 볼록한 제5 곡선부를 가지는 다수의 제1 링크들로 구성된다. 제1 곡선부와 제2 곡선부가 다수의 제1 링크들과 만나는 지점은 제1 곡선부와 제2 곡선부의 중심축에서 벗어난 지점으로 이루어진다.