baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-579000-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of motor fuels by the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon oils
Filed: 1943-05-12
Abstract: 579,000. Cracking oils. HOUDRY PROCESS CORPORATION. May 12, 1943, No. 7597. Convention date, March 28, 1942. [Class 32] A gasoline fraction which can be brought to aviation gasoline requirements by the addition of tetraethyl lead or alkylates, hydrocodimers, neohexane, tryptane, or isopentane is obtained by subjecting a hydrocarbon stock in the vapor phase to catalytic cracking at temperatures of over 700‹F. in a first catalytic zone, fractionating the products obtained, recycling at least a part of the fraction boiling between 180 and 475‹F. to the first zone, the ratio of recycle to fresh charge being in the range of 1/4:1 to 1:1, passing the remainder of the gasoline fraction including the head cut to a second zone where it is again subjected to a catalytic conversion under conditions at least as severe as in the first zone and isolating from the products obtained a final aviation gasoline of high octane rating. Gas oil together with the recycled fraction fed through line 2 is passed through a vaporising still 3 to a catalytic convertor 4 containing highly active catalysts, eg., silica-alumina-zirconia mixtures with or without added metals. The cracked products are fractionated in tower 6 into bottoms boiling higher than gasoline which are passed through line 7 to tank 8, a side stream fraction of boiling range 180-475‹F. which is stripped in stripper 10 the vapors being passed back to the tower through line 11, and an overhead cut taken off through line 12. The part of the stripped fraction to be recycled is fed through the line 2. The remainder together with the overhead fraction is fed with or without condensation in condenser 14 to the second stage preheater 16 and catalytic convertor 17 where a temperature of above 775 ‹F. is maintained. The products are fractionated in tower 18 to recover (a) an aviation base of 300‹F. end point fed through condenser 20 to tank 24 (b) a side stream of boiling range 300-400‹F. recovered through line 25 to tank 26 and (c) a highly aromatic fraction of higher boiling point removed through line 27 to tank 28. In examples a gas oil of boiling range 432-640‹F. was cracked in presence of a silica-alumina catalyst maintained at 820‹F. for on-stream periods of 10 minutes a recycle ratio of ¢:1 being employed the recycle fraction having a boiling range of 230- 402‹F.; an 82-360‹F. fraction was treated in the second zone at 830‹F. from which an aviation cut boiling 90 per cent. below 262‹F. and having a Reid vapor pressure of 7.16 and an acid heat of less than 5 was recovered. Specification 579,280 is referred to.
Patent GB-893272-A (GB)
Title: Process for racemization of optically active glutamic acid
IPC: C07D207/28
Filed: 1960-03-03
Abstract: Optically active glutamic acid is racemised by heating an aqueous solution containing 15% to 35% by weight of optically active glutamic acid and 30% to 50% by weight of sulphuric acid to temperatures between 170 DEG C. and 200 DEG C. for from 3 to 15 hours.
Patent GB-622905-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to felted fibrous cellulosic products of improved wet strength and methods of producing same
IPC: C08G12/32
Filed: 1943-05-13
Abstract: An acid-type, colloidal, cationic, melamine-aldehyde resin, which may be prepared by condensing formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde or benzaldehyde &c. in the presence of hydrochloric, formic, acetic, oxalic, phosphoric, sulphuric or sulphurous acid with melamine (example 2), or reacting with a melamine salt (example 2), or by dissolving non-acidic resins in strong acids (example 3), is added to paper pulp; 3 or 4 per cent of the resin may be absorbed on the fibre which is then made into paper &c. and the resin cured. Specification 352,140 is referred to.
Patent GB-1530353-A (GB)
Title: Heat-sensitive recording material
IPC: B41M5/323
Filed: 1976-02-26
Abstract: 1530353 Heat-sensitive recording material CIBAGEIGY AG 26 Feb 1976 [27 Feb 1975 8 Aug 1975] 07681/76 Heading G2C A heat-sensitive recording material contains as colour former at least one azo compound of Formula wherein D represents a phenyl radical which is optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, N, N, N-dialkylaminocarbonyl, acylamino, N-acyl-N-alkylamino or the group -SO 2 -N#Y 1 #Y 2  wherein each of Y 1  and Y 2  independently represent alkyl or aryl or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a heterocyclic ring which optionally contains an oxygen atom, X 1  represents hydrogen or alkyl, X 2  represents alkyl, cyanoalkyl, or arylmethyl, or X 1  and X 2 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent a heterocyclic ring which optionally contains an oxygen atom, X 3  represents alkyl or aryl, and n is 1 or 2. The notation denotes a phenylene or naphthylene group. When the colour formers are contacted with an acid developer they give orange to blue and grey shades. Both the colour former and the acid developer may be dispersed in a water soluble binder and coated in one layer on a carrier. Alternatively the colour former is dispersed or dissolved in one binder layer and the developer is dispersed or dissolved in the binder in a second layer, in which case the binder can be water insoluble. On the application of heat the binder softens or melts so that the colour former comes into contact with the developer in the heated areas and a colour forms immediately. In Example 1 the coated sheet is laid coated face down on an untreated paper surface. Using a heated pen, markings are applied to the upper side of the two sheet-system and these are transferred to the bottom sheet. In Example 7 a sheet A is coated with a developer dispersed in a binder and a sheet B is coated with a colour former dispersed in a second binder. Sheets A and B are laid coated faces in contact and markings made by mechanical means on sheet B. Upon IR irradiation a copy of the marking on sheet B is obtained on sheet A. The coatings may also contain talc, TiO 2 , ZnO or CaCO 3  or organic pigments such as urea/formaldehyde polymers to improve the degree of whiteness, facilitating the printing of papers, and for preventing the heated pen from sticking. Urea, thiourea, acetanilide, phthalic anhydride may be added to induce the simultaneous melting of the colour former and developer.
Patent GB-1172551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Double-Doors Arrangements
Inventor: BENGTSSON SIGURD WALTER
IPC: E05B17/00
Filed: 1967-02-17
Abstract: 1,172,551. Releasable fastenings. S. W. BENGTSSON. 17 Feb., 1967 [2 March, 1966], No. 7790/67. Heading E2A. [Also in Division F2] A double-door arrangement comprises an inner door 5 provided with fastening means operable by rotating the handle 13 of said inner door and a stem 15 secured to said handle, an outer door 6 which is parallel with the inner door in the closed position of the doors and is provided on its side remote from the inner door with a rotatable handle 14 secured to a stem 16 and a coupling sleeve 2 rotatably mounted in one of said doors by means of a mounting plate 1 secured to said one door and received in a circumferential groove of the sleeve, said sleeve having in one end portion a bore of non-circular cross-section permanently receiving a complementarilyshaped end portion of the stem associated with the door in which it is rotatably mounted and having in its other end portion a bore of non-circular cross-section adapted to receive a complementarily-shaped end portion of the other stem in the closed position of the doors, whereby when the doors are in the closed position said fastening means is operable by rotating either of said two handles, wherein the sleeve is formed with a weakened portion 19 of its length spaced axially from said circumferential groove and lying intermediate the ends of the stems remote from the handles in the closed position of the doors, the arrangement being such that if, when the doors are closed, excessive force is applied to the handle of the outer door the sleeve will break at said weakened portion thereby disconnecting the handle and stem of the outer door from the handle and stem of the inner door and from said fastening means. As shown the weakened portion is provided by forming the sleeve with a second circumferential groove spaced axially from the circumferential groove receiving said mounting plate.
Patent GB-328380-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to coin-freed mechanism
IPC: G07F11/18
Filed: 1929-03-11
Abstract: 328,380. Avill, W., Mee, J., and Quick- Server Automatic Machine Co., Ltd. March 11, 1929. Delivery of articles stored in piles; fraud, preventing. - In coin-freed apparatus of the type which articles stored in piles are delivered by a recessed drawer, an auxiliary support is brought into position under the front portion of the pile when the drawer is opened. The auxiliary supports 31 moving on pivots 32 normally bear against the under surface of the drawer 20. As the drawer is opened the supports are moved through slots 35 in the base of the drawer by counterweights 34 to bear against the front portion of a pile of articles 28. When the drawer is closed the supports are moved to an inoperative position by the front end of the slots 35 bearing against them. The removal of the auxiliary support until the draper is sufficiently closed to render pilfering impossible, may be prevented by providing the support. 31 with a lateral pin 36, Fig. 10, which forms a stop by contact with the base of the drawer 20; the slot 35 is formed with a suitable extension 37 for the passage of the arm 36. A spring may be provided on the counterweight 34 to accelerate the initial movement of the support. In modification, Fig. 12, an arm 38 on the drawer 20 is provided with a pin and cam-slot engagement with the support 31. The support 31 may be provided at its front with a sharp edge.
Patent GB-927892-A (GB)
Title: Production of purified pyrethrum extract
Inventor: GOLDBERG ALAN AUGUST
IPC: A01N65/12
Filed: 1959-03-06
Abstract: A process for the production of a purified pyrethrum containing composition comprises distilling a solution of a pyrethrum oleoresin extract, in a fraction of normally liquid paraffinic hydrocarbons, which distils between 200 DEG  C. and 500 DEG  C. at atmospheric pressure the distillation being carried out at a pressure which is sufficiently low substantially to avoid thermal decomposition and degradation of the pyrethrins present.  The paraffinic hydrocarbons are paraffins and cycloparaffins e.g. kerosenes distilling above 200 DEG  C., technical oils or medicinal oils which have been treated to remove unsaturated, hydrocarbons, waxy materials and colouring matter, such as white oils, Deobase liquid paraffin or light liquid paraffin.  The pressure is preferably not greater than 1 mm. of Hg. and more specifically 10-2-10-5 mm. of Hg.  The oleoresin extract is dissolved in less than 12 and preferably 2-10 times its volume of liquid paraffin hydrocarbons before distillation and the distillation is desirably carried out as a short parth distillation, which results in the oleoresin extract being freed from colouring matter; and by carrying out the process in a flash still in a plurality of stages with short path evaporators, the oleoresin extract may be separated into fractions which predominate in pyrethrins I or II respectively or alternatively such fractions may be obtained by fractional distillation in a pot still.  By variation of the boiling point ranges of the paraffinic hydrocarbons the component which is rich in Pyrethrin II may be left undistilled or distilled as a separate fraction of higher boiling point than the component rich in Pyrethrin I.  The distillates are clear pale yellow mobile liquids, which may be diluted with kerosene or other miscible organic liquids to form insecticidal sprays or solutions.
Patent GB-815111-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical energy regulators
Inventor: BAKER NOEL JOHN
IPC: H05B1/02
Filed: 1956-03-13
Abstract: 815,111. Thermal switches.. DIAMOND H SWITCHES Ltd. March 13, 1957 [March 13, 1956], No. 7836/56. Class 38 (5). In a " cycling " switch for controlling the energy input to, for example, a hot-plate, the motion of a bimetallic member 1 pivoted at 5 in its plane is converted into motion in another plane by a lever 19 pivoted at 21 to actuate the current supply switch 27. The bimetallic member 1 comprises separate bimetallic elements 2, 3 rigidly connected by a bracket 4. Element 2, which acts as an ambient temperature compensating means, carries a screw 7 which engages an energy-input adjustment cam 8 manually rotated by a spindle 10 carrying a dial. Element 3 has a heater 14 connected in parallel with the hot-plate element wound thereon. With the dial in the " off " position, a raised part 40 of the cam engages the screw 7 so that the switch 27, which is biased to closure, is held open. When the dial is rotated to an " intermediate heat " position, the screw 7 engages a cam part 41 of decreasing radius so that the switch is intermittently actuated by the bimetallic element 3 and when the dial is turned to the " full position the screw 7 engages a flat 42 on the cam so that the bimetallic element 3 is unable to actuate the switch which therefore remains continuously closed. In a modification, Figs. 7-10 (not shown), a second cam co-operating with a simple on-off switch is fitted on the spindle 10 to provide double-pole isolation in the off " position. In a further modification, Fig. 11 (not shown), a second cam on the spindle 10 closes a switch in the " full " position to energize a second heating element of the hot-plate.
Patent GB-851724-A (GB)
Title: Swash plate pumps
IPC: F04B49/24
Filed: 1957-03-11
Abstract: 851,724. Swash plate pumps. BORGWARNER CORPORATION. March 11, 1957 [March 23, 1956 ; July 18, 1956], No. 8016/57. Class 102(1). [Also in Group XXIX] In a swash plate pump means are provided for holding open the inlet valve during part of the compression stroke depending upon the delivery pressure. In operation liquid enters through inlet 13, Fig. 2, and passes through slot 44 of the piston 39 to an open-ended cavity 42. On the suction stroke of the piston the liquid flows past valve 61 on the piston to the pumping space 33 and on the compression stroke the liquid is forced past non-return valve 36 to the chamber 21 and pump outlet 14. Passages 118, 117 connect the chamber 21 with a chamber 116 which communicates with the end of a pilot valve 95 in cylinder 59. An increase in the delivery pressure above a predetermined value cause the valve 59 to move to the left against the action of a spring 109 and liquid flows from chamber 89, Fig. 3, through slot 88 and port 94 to a chamber 73 housing a piston 71. As the pressure in chamber 73 increases the piston 71 moves to the left and causes the spider member 68 to move to the left against the action of spring 81. The spider has arms 69 passing through the slots 44 of the pump pistons 39 and movement of the spider to the left causes these arms to contact the stems 65 of valves 61 at the end of the suction stroke and hold the valves open at the beginning of the compression stroke until the piston 39 has moved sufficiently for its end to engage the valve 61, thus part of the liquid in chamber 33 is by-passed back to the inlet side of the pump. As the pump delivery decreases the pilot valve can move back to the right and the liquid in chamber 73 escapes through ports 94 and 98 to the bore 96 of the valve from where it passes through ports in the members 108 and 78 to the inlet side of the pump. The pilot valve 95 is also provided with a chamber 105 which receives liquid from chamber 73 through chamber 92 and port 93 so that as the pressure in chamber 73 increases due to increase in delivery pressure the liquid flowing to chamber 105 acts to restrict movement of the valve 95 and set up a pressure differential in the valve which prevents undesirable chatter in the pump. The load on the valve spring 109 can be adjusted by means of screwed member 111. A valve 119 is provided which is open when the discharge pressure in chamber 21 is low, a condition which would occur if air was present, the air is then able to pass through this valve and passages 127, 128 to the swash plate chamber 41. Leakage of liquid from the cylinders also passes to this chamber from passages 130, 129, 128 and serves to lubricate the working parts. In a modified form separate members acting on the inlet valves 61 are moved by liquid from the chamber 73 and a spider similar to the above is moved by the piston 71 to limit the movement of these members and to return them when the pressure drops.
Patent GB-527766-A (GB)
Title: New or improved means for obtaining colour effects on lighting fittings
IPC: F21V7/00
Filed: 1939-03-14
Abstract: 527,766. Ceiling &c. lamps. SKINNER, G. D.. and BENJAMIN ELECTRIC, Ltd. March 14. 1939, No. 8161. [Classes 75 (ii) and 75 (iv)] An electric lighting unit comprises a main opaque reflector 12 of approximately frustoconical inverted form, within which an electric light source is supported, and a supplementary annular reflecting surface 16a or 22 reflecting light from the source on to the surface of the main reflector 12 not facing the light source, means being provided for colouring the light reflected from the annular reflecting surface. For instance, if the surface 16a has an anodized coating, the coating may be impregnated with dye. A ring of coloured glass may be used. There may be a plurality of colours in concentric rings. The annular reflector 16a may form part of, or be seated on a flange on, a cupshaped reflector 16, Fig. 1. The reflector 12 is supported from the lamp holder 10 by arms 11 to which lugs 13 on the reflector are attached. The reflector 16 has lugs 17 which can be passed through gaps 12a in the reflector 12 and then, by turning the reflector, brought to rest on the latter. In Fig. 2, there are two main reflectors 12, 18, the undersides of which are lit by a subsidiary reflector 22 and an annular reflecting prism 20 backed by a reflector 23. The prism 20 may be coloured or may carry a coloured disc 21. In other forms, the reflector 16 of Fig. 1 is replaced by short coaxial cylinders or a transparent or translucent dish, to allow of direct downward lighting, or by an inverted conical reflector carrying an annular subsidiary reflector of V-section to illuminate the underside of the main reflector. In the latter case, a further frusto-conical main reflector may be interposed between the reflector 12 and the inverted conical reflector, and a disc may be used to colour the light. Specification 516,522 is referred to.
Patent GB-698753-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the purification of titanium
Inventor: MOONEY RONALD BARRON
IPC: C22B34/12
Filed: 1951-04-09
Abstract: Titanium is deoxidized by treating it with calcium or calcium hydride at a temperature not less than 900 DEG C preferably in an inert atmosphere, e.g. argon or helium, or in a vacuum.  The calcium may be molten or gaseous and treatment with calcium in the presence of hydrogen may be used instead of the hydride.  The calcium may be dissolved in molten alkali metals or another alkaline earth metal or a mixture of these, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, strontium and barium being particularly suitable.  Alternatively the calcium may be dissolved in a molten metal halide especially the halides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, e.g. calcium chlorides.  In the latter case, metallic calcium is added to the calcium chloride to increase the calcium content of the bath or sodium, potassium or lithium may be added to react with the calcium chloride to provide a metallic calcium content in the bath.  Alternatively a bath of calcium chloride may be electrolyzed to provide the calcium content. After treatment, the titanium is allowed to cool in an inert atmosphere and any adhering bath contents removed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water.  The nitrogen content of the treatment material and the atmosphere should be kept low.
Patent GB-663468-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to heat interchange apparatus
IPC: F28F1/32
Filed: 1949-03-26
Abstract: 663,468. Tubular heat-exchange elements. SERCK RADIATORS, Ltd., UPTON, H. E. and MARTIN, A. M. March 7, 1950 [March 26, 1949], No. 8288/49. Class 64(iii) In a heat-exchanger unit comprising an assembly of externally gilled, liquid carrying tubes b, the gill plates a are square and are each formed with parallel rows of holes through which the tubes are inserted, the holes in each row being in staggered relation to those in an adiacent row and the plates being such that air or other gas can flow between them in either of two directions at right angles to each other. The holes in the plates may have flanges g surrounding the tubes. The plates may be stiffened by a fold e at a pair of opposite edges and/or by the formation of shallow ribs f between the rows of tube holes. Two or more units each comprising an assembly of plates a and tubes b may be mounted side by side between end plates h and the air or other gas is arranged to flow over the tubes in the direction j, Fig. 2, for a maximum scouring effect or alternatively at right angles thereto in the direction k for a reduced scouring effect.
Patent GB-1482923-A (GB)
Title: Polymers
IPC: C08F8/30
Filed: 1974-07-30
Abstract: 1482923 Polymers containing hydrazone groups GLAXO LABORATORIES Ltd 30 July 1974 [31 July 1973] 08332/77 Divided out of 1482921 Headings C3P and C3R The invention comprises polymers which are insoluble in dilute aqueous acid and which contain a plurality of hydrazone groups (>C=N-NH 2 ) distributed along the length of the molecule thereof. They are prepared by reaction with hydrazine, or a salt or solvate thereof, of a corresponding polymer containing aldehydic or ketonic oxo groups. The following reaction sequences are given in specific examples: (A) styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer, polystyrene, isotactic polystyrene and macroreticular styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer are each reacted with benzoyl chloride, and the resulting benzoyl groups reacted with hydrazine; (B) styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer is reacted as in (A) except that alkoxy-substituted benzoyl chlorides are used in the first step; (C) styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer is reacted with diphenylcarbamoyl chloride to give -CONPh groups, which are hydrolysed to -COOH groups, which are reacted with thionyl chloride to give -COCl groups, which are reacted with benzene to give -COPh groups, which are then reacted with hydrazine; (D) styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer containing formyl substitutents is reacted with hydrazine; (E) styrene/divinyl benzene/methyl vinyl ketone copolymer is reacted with hydrazine; (F) methacrylic acid/divinyl benzene copolymer is reacted with thionyl chloride, the -COCl groups then reacted with toluene, and the keto groups then reacted with hydrazine; and (G) benzyl chloride is polymerized in the presence of SnCl 4  to give poly(benzyl), i.e. -(CH 2 - phenylene-) n -, which is oxidized with nitric acid to give poly(benzoyl), i.e. the methylenegroups in the chain are converted to keto groups, which are then reacted with hydrazine. Use.-The polymers are intermediates in in the preparation of corresponding polymers containing diazomethylene groups, which are obtained by oxidation of the hydrazone groups. See Parent Specification 1,482,921.