baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-889993-A (GB)
Title: Cyclization of substituted acetylenes to produce aromatic compounds
IPC: C07C2/48
Filed: 1957-05-16
Abstract: Substituted aromatic compounds are produced by heating at least one substituted acetylene in the presence of a cyclization-inducer comprising a metal-carbonyl, or a complex of a metal-carbonyl with an acetylenic compound, to a temperature higher than the decomposition-temperature of the inducer or of any complex which it may form with the reactants.  The invention also comprises the following products per se: 1 2,4-trimethyl-3,5,6-triphenylbenzene; 1, 2 - diethyl - 3, 4, 5, 6 - tetraphenylbenzene; 1, 2, 3, 4 - tetraethyl - 5, 6 - diphenylbenzene; 1, 2, 3, 5 - tetraphenylbenzene; 1, 2, 3, 4 - tetra - phenyl - 5, 6 - dicarbomethoxybenzene; 1, 2, 4-triphenyl - 3, 5, 6 - tricarbomethoxybenzene; 1, 2-diphenyl - 3, 4, 5, 6 - tetracarbomethoxybenzene; hexa(p-chlorophenyl)benzene; and 1,2,4-tri-(p-bromophenyl)benzene.  The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent such as dioxane.  In Example 3,p,p1-dichlorotolane is dissolved in dioxane, [Co(CO)4]2Hg is added, and the mixture is boiled under reflux for one hour.  Crystals of hexa(p-chlorophenyl)-benzene separate out.  The product may be purified by recrystallization from tetrahydrofuran, or by sublimation under reduced pressure. Example 5 describes the preparation of hexaethylbenzene by cyclization of diethylacetylene.  In Example 7, phenylmethylacetylene is dissolved in dioxane, and boiled under reflux, while a solution of [Co(CO)4]2Hg in dioxane is added by small fractions.  the main product is 1,2,4-trimethyl-3,5,6-triphenyl benzene.  A small proportion of a compound, believed to be symmetrical trimethyl triphenyl benzene, is also obtained.  In Example 8, the methyl ester of phenylpropiolic acid is cyclized with [Co(CO)4]2Hg in dioxane solution to give 1,2,4-triphenyl-3,5,6-tricarbomethoxybenzene.  In Example 9, a mixture of tolane and diethylacetylene is trimerized in the the presence of [Co(CO)4]2Hg.  The products comprise hexaphenylbenzene, 1,2-diethyl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene and 1,2,3,4,-tetraethyl-5,6-diphenylbenzene, which are separated by chromatography.  In Example 10, a mixture of tolane and the dimethyl ester of acetylene dicarboxylic acid is cyclized in the presence of [Co(CO)4]2Hg.  The products comprise the hexamethyl ester of mellitic acid, 1, 2, 3, 4 - tetraphenyl - 5, 6 - di - carbomethoxybenzene, 1, 2 - diphenyl - 3, 4, 5, 6 - tetracarbomethoxybenzene, and the hexaphenylbenzene, which are separated by chromatography.  In Example 11, a mixture of tolane and phenylacetylene is cyclized in the presence of [Co(CO)4]2Hg to give a product comprising hexaphenylbenzene, pentaphenylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetraphenylbenzene, and 1,2,4-triphenylbenzene.  The carbonyls of Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Mo, W and of the platinum metals may also be used as cyclization-inducers. A list of suitable solvents is given.
Patent GB-1014653-A (GB)
Title: Unsaturated ª‰-lactones and their preparation
Filed: 1962-05-09
Abstract: Tetramethylallene is prepared by pyrolysis of 2,2,4 - trimethyl - 3 - hydroxy - 3 - pentenoic acid b -lactone.ALSO:Ketenes of formula R(R)C = C = O, where each R is C1- 4 alkyl or the group R(R)C = represents a carbocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms are polymerized in the presence of strongly basic catalysts to give linear polymers which may contain 10 to 200 units.  Polymerization may be effected in solution. Suitable catalysts include alcoholates or metal alkyls of titanium or Group I, II or III elements, alkali metal hydroxides, calcium hydroxide and quaternary ammonium hydroxides.  Polymers having the same infra-red structure as the above polymers may also be formed by polymerization in the presence of strongly basic catalysts of b -lactones of formula <FORM:1014653/C3/1>ALSO:The invention comprises compounds of formula <FORM:1014653/C2/1> in which each R is C1- 4 alkyl or one or both R(R)C= groups represents a carbocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms.  They may be prepared by polymerizing in the presence of a strongly basic catalyst, a ketene of formula R(R)C=C=O (see Division C3) and pyrolysing the polymer formed at a temperature not greater than 300 DEG  C.  Suitable polymerization catalysts are alcoholates or metal alkyls of Ti or of Group I, II or III elements.  Alkali metal hydroxides, Ca(OH)2, quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Alternatively the ketene R(R)C=C=O or a compound of formula <FORM:1014653/C2/2> may be contacted with an aprotonic Lewis acid to give the lactones of Formula I.  The lactones of Formula I may be hydrogenated to give compounds of formula <FORM:1014653/C2/3> In Example 2, 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid b -lactone is hydrogenated to give 3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylvaleric acid b -lactone with much larger amounts of 2,2,4-trimethyl-valeric acid.  The lactones of Formula I may be polymerized in the presence of basic catalysts (e.g. Example 4).  2,2,4 - Trimethyl - 3 - oxovaleranilide is prepared from 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-3-pentenoic acid b -lactone and aniline (Example 3).
Patent GB-1469708-A (GB)
Title: Analogue to digital and digital to analogue conversion
IPC: H03M1/02
Filed: 1974-04-24
Abstract: 1469708 A-D and D-A converters POST OFFICE 16 April 1975 [24 April 1974] 17922/74 Heading H3H Conversion from a compressed PCM word comprising a sign bit, segment identifying bits and increment identifying bits, to analogue form, or vice versa, is done by dealing with the segment identifying bits and the increment identifying bits in turn, using a pedestal linear ramp generator for the latter. D-A conversion.-A serial compressed PCM word received at 1 is stored in a shift register in logic block 2, and consists of a sign bit, 3 segment identifying bits and 4 increment identifying bits. The sign and segment identifying bits operate switches in switched resistance networks 3, 16, with a pedestal linear ramp generator 4 being switched to act as a unit gain amplifier, so that the voltage at 13 corresponds to the lowest value in the relevant segment of the companding characteristic. The generator 4 now generates a ramp starting at the (pedestal) value at the output 6 of switched resistance net - work 3 and with a slope proportional to this value, the ramp generation continuing for a time determined by the increment identifying bits (by comparing them with a clock-driven counter), the final value at 13 being sampled to an output 5. A-D conversion.-The analogue input at 7 is sampled and stored on a capacitor 9, the sign bit being determined by comparison at 11 with zero volts provided by switched resistance networks 3, 16 (with pedestal linear ramp generator 4 acting as a unit gain amplifier), the networks then providing a decreasing sequence of reference voltages to comparator 11 until one is reached which is less than the input at 10, to determine the segment identifying bits. The generator 4 then provides a ramp starting at and with a slope proportional to the output 6 of network 3, the time until equality at 11 being measured by counting clock pulses, to determine the increment identifying bits. The sign, segment and increment identifying bits are provided as a PCM word from the shift register in logic block 2. As a modification, a binary search algorithm may be used to determine the segment identifying bits. The Fig. 1 hardware can be used for D-A and A-D conversion alternately, in a telephone exchange (or subscriber's instrument). Numerous possible switched resistance networks are disclosed. A modification (Fig. 15, not shown) has only one switched resistance network, at the output of the ramp generator.
Patent GB-752857-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a synchronizing system for motors travelling between limits
IPC: G05D3/14
Filed: 1954-06-18
Abstract: 752,857. Automatic alignment-control systems. GARRETT CORPORATION. June 18, 1954 [June 26, 1953], No. 17933/54. Class 38(4). Motors driving e.g. the control surfaces of an aircraft are intermittently energized and are maintained in synchronism by varying the ON/OFF periods. As shown, three motors 100, 200, 300 (with identical control circuits) drive potentiometers 126, 226, 326 applying A.C. bias to valves 114, 214, 314 energizing relays 106, 206, 306 controlling the supply to the motor fields 101, 201, 301. A D.C. bias is also applied to the valves from battery 131 through a potentiometer 132, 137, and intermittent energization is caused by a relay 140, which is energized while any of the relays 106, 206, 306 are energized, to disconnect resistor 137 thereby causing an increase in negative bias and consequent de-energization of relays 106, 206, 306 which release relay 140 to decrease the bias again. A capacitor 133 gives this cycle a basic time constant which varies with the A.C. bias throughout the movement, and the duty cycle for each motor will vary according to the value of its A.C. bias with respect to the others, thereby maintaining the motors in synchronism. Reversible motors may be similarly controlled by introducing a manually operable reversing switch or relay between the relays 106, 206, 306 and the motors, and reversing the sense of the A.C. bias, Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-1015762-A (GB)
Title: Improved mobile crane
IPC: B66C23/36
Filed: 1962-05-10
Abstract: 1,015,762. Mobile jibcranes. D. G. SHAW. Aug. 9, 1963 [May 10, 1962], No. 17965/62. Heading B8B. When the jib 1 of a mobile crane is luffed outwards an axle 4 carrying road wheels 3 is moved forwards, i.e. towards the load, to prevent the crane tipping over. The axle and jib are connected by a pivoted link 6 and moved by a ram 7. Slots 9 in a chassis frame 8 guide the axle. The front wheels 3 may be independently mounted, in both cases rear wheels 5 are steered. The frame 8 and superstructure are slewed round a bogie 12 by turning the front wheels 3 inwardly and driving them in opposite directions by independent hydraulic motors. Hoisting is by a double - acting ram 15 incorporating an overload bypass valve. An interlock prevents luffing and slewing being carried out simultaneously.
Patent GB-1408847-A (GB)
Title: Method of manufacturing cation exchanger
IPC: B29B11/00
Filed: 1974-04-24
Abstract: 1408847 Treating waste tyre material NITTAN CO Ltd 24 April 1974 [1 May 1973] 17968/74 Heading C3E A cation exchanger is produced from chopped, crushed or powdered waste tyre by treating the waste tyre with sulphuric anhydride. Examples are given in which chopped waste tyre is heated in the presence of sulphuric anhydride, which may be in gaseous form, 1,2-dichloroethane also being present in Example 1. The exchanger of Example 1 absorbed ammonia and trimethyl amine.
Patent GB-1460136-A (GB)
IPC: A62C2/18
Filed: 1975-04-30
Abstract: 1460136 Door closure mechanism ETABS L DEVILLEZ & CAMION 30 April 1975 [15 May 1974] 17989/75 Heading E2M In an automatic closure device for a sliding door 1 suspended from rollers 2 running on a rail, the door is normally kept open by means of a thermic monitoring system (not shown), the door being closed in case of fire by means of a spring-loaded cable reel 4 and cable attachment 5, a pneumatic clamper 7 being provided for location in the path of the rollers 2 such that the latter engage against a friction lining member 10 after the initial closing movement of the door in order to brake the latter to enable the door to be closed progressively. The pneumatic damper 7 is provided with a regulating needle 11 and a centrifugal brake may be fitted to the cable reel 4 to further limit speed of movement of the door until the door is moved against a stop member 6.
Patent GB-388641-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to aircraft construction
IPC: B64C1/08
Filed: 1932-06-25
Abstract: 388,641. Aircraft structures. BUDD MANUFACTURING CO., E. G., 2500, Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, U.S.A. -(Assignees of Ragsdale, E. J. W.; Curren Terrace, Norristown, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.) June 25, 1932, No. 17996. Convention date, June 26, 1931. [Class 4.] An aircraft fuselage or other aircraft structure comprises longitudinal frame members flexibly interconnected to a metal skin by members permanently and rigidly secured to both parts. Longitudinal members 10 of flanged channel section closed by a metal plate are connected by bent metal plates 16 to the inside surfaces of channel ring members 12 secured to the inside of a skin 13. Alternatively flanged channel section members 12<1>, Fig. 4, are secured to the skin and flexible gusset plates 19 are secured to the outside surfaces of the channels. The gusset plates are secured to the rings by spot welding after which they are similarly secured to the longitudinal members 10.
Patent GB-1432241-A (GB)
Title: Structural building panels
IPC: E04B1/61
Filed: 1973-04-13
Abstract: 1432241 Forms of wood INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEMS Ltd 13 April 1973 [19 April 1972 22 Nov 1972] 18034/73 Heading B5L [Also in Divisions E1-E2 and F2] A building panel, Fig. 5, comprises a core member and a pair of continuous skins 14, 20, one fixed to each side of the core member. The core member comprises a plurality of strips placed so that the edges of each strip are fixed one to each skin and the strips are arranged in two parallel sets which intersect each other. The ratio of strip spacing to strip depth is at least 1À75 : 1, the ratio of strip spacing to strip thickness is at most 56 : 1 and the ratio of strip spacing to skin thickness is at most 56 : 1. The skins and strips may be of wood, hardboard, particle board, fibre-reinforced cementitious material, or preferably plywood. The panel may include side and edge members, e.g. 18, 19 arranged to provide a longitudinal groove at the edge of the panel. The cells of the core may include further reinforcements as shown in Fig. 1. The skins may include sheets 66, Fig. 23, joined edge to edge by a feather 67, or the sheets may be joined by an overlying strip. Two panels may be joined edge to edge, Fig. 14, by inserting at least one hexagonal or, as shown, circular tube or bar 42 in grooves at the panel edges and passing a bolt 44 through or between the tube(s) or bar(s). Access to the bolt is via openings cut in the panel skins and closed by plugs 25 and neoprene seals 26. If the panels are floor panels, 56, Fig. 19, a wall panel 54 may be secured to them at the joint by means of a prong 55, block 58 and screw 60. Instead of the block a shaped prong may be used. The panels may be assembled in a press, Fig. 28, comprising upper and lower heated grids 81, 86, for acting at the positions of the strips, the press being within a hot dry air chamber 83.
Patent GB-810116-A (GB)
Title: Automatic tea maker
Inventor: MCINTOSH LAWRIE G
IPC: A47J31/053
Filed: 1954-06-18
Abstract: 810,116. Electric percolators. PICKARD, B. H. June 13, 1955 [June 18, 1954], No. 18045/54. Class 39(3) [Also in Group VI] Infusions are made in an apparatus com. prising an outer vessel 1 in which water is heated by an electric heating element 10 and an inner vessel 2 mounted centrally of the outer vessel 1 and having a central tube 29 whose open upper end is above the water line of the outer vessel 1 and whose lower end extends to the base of the inner vessel 2 and communicates with the outer vessel, sealing means between the vessels at their upper ends and a pressure vent between the vessels or connecting the outer vessel to the atmosphere. As shown, the upper edge of the pot 2 rests on the flared top 1a of the kettle 1. An electric heating element 10 encircles the reduced lower part of pot 2 and its ends pass through the wall of kettle 1 into a chamber 13 in the lower part of the handle 6 where they are connected to a snap-action switch 19. Element 10 is also supported by a bracket and bolt assembly 14 mounted on a post 15 welded or brazed to the inside wall of the kettle. Switch 16 is opened by a bimetal 17 when the temperature of element 10 appreciably exceeds 212‹F. and can only be reset by pressing button 18. The upper edge of pot 2 has a flange 22 to which a gasket 24 and a ring 23 are connected by eye bolts 25 extending therethrough whose eyes are pivotally mounted on a bail 26 whose ends have cam surfaces so that when the bail is moved from its vertical to its horizontal position, it pulls bolts 25 and hence ring .23, up so that it forms a hermetic seal between kettle 1 and pot 2. An open-ended tube 29 extends axially through pot 2 and has its lower end welded in a hole in the bottom of the pot and its top end free. A foraminous bracket 3 is slidably mounted on tube 29 and has a cover 30 with a tubular handle 31. A vent 27 is provided in the wall of pot 2. In modifications, this vent may be provided either in the gasket or in the wall of kettle 1. In operation, water is put in kettle 1 and pot 2 is placed inside it, bail 26 being lowered to seal the junction of the kettle and the pot. The basket 3 is then filled with tea and placed in pot 2 after which the lid is put on and button 18 is depressed by pressing plate 19, to complete the circuit to the element 10. When the water in kettle 1 boils, the steam pressure forces the boiling water up through tube 29 into pot 2 where the tea is infused.
Patent GB-1185803-A (GB)
Title: Poultry Picker
IPC: A22C21/02
Filed: 1968-04-17
Abstract: 1,185,803. Plucking poultry. INTERNATIONAL AGRI-SYSTEMS Inc. 17 April, 1968 [19 April, 1967], No. 18146/68 Heading A2U. In a machine, Fig. 1, for plucking poultry, each poultry carcass 13 is flexibly suspended, as by its legs, from an overhead conveyer 10, which carries the carcass through the machine along a predetermined mean path, e.g. between the sidewalls 16 of a plucking enclosure 15. A plurality of supports, each carrying a plurality of plucking fingers and rotating about an axis extending generally towards said path, are positioned, e.g. in upper and lower rows, on each side of the path, so that at least some of the plucking fingers on each support intersect the path and make contact with each conveyed carcass. The supports on each side of the path are off-set from those on the other side, so that a free space is left opposite each support to allow at least a portion of each carcass to be repeatedly flung away from contacting plucking fingers into an opposite free space, and thus to be swingingly tumbled as it is conveyed through the machine. As shown in Fig. 6, each support is detachable and comprises a hollow housing 41 having a rounded nose, to which inclined plucking fingers 44 are secured, and a cylindrical portion, to which radial plucking fingers 45 are secured. The cylindrical portion has an open end which fits over a hub 50 keyed to a rotatable shaft 56 and abuts a flange 52 on the hub. A spring-biased, radially movable plug 55 in the hub snaps into a hole 46 in the housing 41 to hold the support on the hub, so that the support rotates with the shaft 56.
Patent GB-1248129-A (GB)
Title: Floor racks for refrigerated spaces
IPC: F25D17/00
Filed: 1969-04-09
Abstract: 1,248,129. Cold storage. STAL REFRIGERATION A.B. 9 April, 1969 [10 June, 1968], No. 18148/69. Heading F4H. A floor rack for supporting goods during cold storage comprises a rigid plate 7 having substantially equally spaced air flow apertures 8 and substantially equally spaced studs 9 (only three of which are shown) for supporting storage boxes 5 above the surface of the plate. The boxes have air flow openings 6 in their bottoms, tops, and optionally, sides, and the plate is supported by blocks 10 joined by laths 11. The plate 7 is itself formed of two plates which are glued together in the manner shown to form an air sealing overlap between adjacent racks. The studs may be glued or screwed to the plate or a plate cover made of rubber or plastics may be formed with integral studs.
Patent GB-949357-A (GB)
Title: An improved method and means for cutting wood and like materials
IPC: B27M1/00
Filed: 1962-05-11
Abstract: 949,357. Splitting wood. STORA KOPPARBERGS BERGSLAGS A.B. May 11, 1962 [May 15, 1961], No. 18299/62. Heading B5L. Wood is split by a knife to which is given a linear reciprocatory motion to and from the wood and also a rocking motion in the plane of the knife. The ratio of the reciprocatory motion to the rocking motion may be 1 : 1 or 2 : 1. As shown in Fig. 2, a number of knives 7 are spaced across a frame 5 which is mounted in a support 4 by central pivots 10, 11, carried by resilient bushes 12, 13 and by pins 24, 25 anchored to leaf springs 26, 27; the pins 24, 25 may have limited rotation relative to the frame 5 and the springs 26, 27 may have limited vertical movement relative to grooves in the support 4. Projections 8, 9 at the top and bottom of the frame extend opposite electromagnets 16, 21 to which current of a frequency equal to the oscillation resonance frequency of the frame is supplied alternately. When the reciprocatory frequency is twice the rocking frequency, the knife cuts along a parabola. If desired, the desired movement of the knives may be effected by a force provided at one end only of the frame 5. As an alternative to electromagnetic means, pneumatic or hydraulic means may be used or the drive may be mechanical, as shown in Fig. 3. Pins 31 fixed to the support 4 carry resilient bushes 13 within horizontal grooves 32 in the frame 5 and gears 34 on a shaft 33 drive a pair of gears 35 and also, through intermediate pinions 36, a pair of gears 37. Gears 42, 43 carried eccentrically on the gears 35, 37 roll round fixed gears 40, 41 arranged coaxially of the gears 35, 37 and the gears 42, 43 have pins 44, 45 engaging in vertical grooves 46, 47 in the side frame. The linear reciprocating motion has twice the frequency of the rocking motion and the knife cuts along a parabola. If the ratio between the distance between the centres of the fixed and eccentric gears and the distance of the pins 44, 45 from their gear centres is 4 : 1, the length of knife edge effective in cutting is equal to the distance between the centres of gears 40, 41 and by choosing other ratios this effective length can be increased or decreased. If the pins 44, 45 are adjusted by eccentric means to coincide with the centres of their gears 42, 43 and one of the gears 35, 37 is turned through about 90 degrees in relation to the other, the linear reciprocation frequency is equal to the rocking frequency and the knife cuts along a hyperbola. The knife edge may be straight or curved.
Patent GB-274121-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric circuit interrupters
IPC: H01H9/36
Filed: 1927-07-11
Abstract: 274,121. British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd., (Assignees of Traver, O. C.). July 12, 1926, [Convention date]. Magnetic blow-outs for high power switches comprise an elongated winding 18 the successive turns of which are included in circuit with the arc as the latter lengthens, and are disposed obliquely so as to drive the arc along them. The coil 18 may be wound in notches 20 on a core 19 of asbestos board or it may be cast in concrete with a portion of each turn exposed to form an arcing terminal. These portions may also be provided with renewable arcing contacts. In the arrangement shown in the figure a blow-out coil 17 is arranged between a winding 18 and a switch contact 14, the outer end of the coil being contact 14, the outer end of the coil 17 being connected to an arcing terminal 16 which is in the form of a shell surrounding the coil.