Patent GB-875324-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic change speed gear control mechanisms
IPC: F16H61/06
Filed: 1958-03-04
Abstract: 875,324. Change-speed control ; variablespeed gear. FORD MOTOR CO. Ltd. March 4, 1958 [March 21, 1957], No. 6925/58. Class 80 (2). A fluid-pressure change-speed control system comprises both double-acting and single-acting ratio establishing servos, a ratio shift valve, and a time-dealy valve controlling the rate of exhaust of pressure fluid from the doubleacting servo, the time-dealy valve including a movable valve element subjected to the pressure differential developed across a calibrated orifice in association therewith to vary its flow restricting effect. Function summary.-In a motor car, an engine shaft 10, Fig. 1, drives either through a ratchet clutch 34 or an overdrive planetary gear 14 to the pump 26 of a hydrodynamic torque converter 28, the turbine 30 of which is fast with a shaft 42 driving through a reducedratio and direct-drive planetary gear 46 to a final output shaft 64. Direct drive in the planetary gear is obtained by engagement of a lock-up clutch 62, and the reduced ratio is obtained by applying a brake 60 to station a sun gear 58. Selective engagement of the clutch 62 and the brake 60 is obtained by operation of a ratio shift valve 82, Fig. 2, in an oil pressure-control circuit, under the opposed influences of output speed-responsive pressure and throttle-variable (TV) pressure, engagement of the brake 60 for the reduced-ratio being slowed by a first time-delay valve 120 operated by line pressure in accordance with torque requirements indicated by TV pressure, to delay downshifts so that at low torque requirements the brake 60 is engaged slowly, and vice versa. The first time-delay valve 120 is in series with a second time-delay valve 128 operated by the pressure differential developed across an orifice 144 acts by output-speed governor pressure so that at high speeds the time taken for brake engagement is increased, and vice versa. The second time-delay valve 128 operates independently of oil viscosity changes caused by variations in temperature. Disengagement of the direct drive clutch 62 and engagement of the reduced ratio brake 60 are interdependent, so as to prevent the motor car engine over-speeding during a ratio shift. Provision is made for accelerator pedal " kickdown" operation of the shift valve 82. Gearing.-The driving shaft 10 is fast with a casing 16 of the hydrodynamic torque converter 28, and is also fast with a planet carrier 12 on which are mounted planet pinions meshing a ring gear 20, the planet pinions and ring gear providing a power path in parallel with the ratchet clutch 34 transmitting drive to the torque converter pump 26. The planets on the carrier 12 also mesh a sun gear 18 freely mounted on the shaft 42 fast with the torque converter pump 30. A clutch 40 can be engaged to lock-up the ratchet clutch 34 for transmission of reverse torque to the car engine, and a brake 22 can be engaged to station the sun gear 18 so that the pump 26 is driven at a step-up ratio by the shaft 10 &c. An input pump 24 is driven from the sun gear 18 and supplies oil to the control circuit of the gear. The sun gear 44 is fast on the shaft 42 and meshes planet pinions 46 interengaging with planet pinions 52 meshing a ring gear 54 and the sun gear 58. The interengaging planet pinions 46, 52 are mounted on a carrier 48 fast with the final driven shaft 64 which drives a second oil pump 66 also supplying the control circuit for the gearing. Engagement of the clutch 62 between the sun gear 44 and the sun gear 58 locks-up the gear for direct drive, engagement of the brake 60 to station the sun gear 58 gives the reduced ratio, and engagement of a brake 56 to station the ring gear 54, together with engagement of the clutch 40 to lock-up the ratchet clutch 34, gives reverse. Control.-A pipe 72, Fig. 2, is supplied with oil from the input driven pump and the output driven pump 66 supplies oil through a pipe 74 and a one-way valve 76 to the same pipe, the arrangement being such that whichever pump delivers the greater pressure, supplies the circuit. A pipe 78 takes line pressure to a manual ratio range selector (not shown) which, when set in the forward drive range position, allows oil to pass through a pipe 84, in continuous communication with one side of a servomotor 70 actuating the reduced ratio brake 60 and also communicating with the ratio-shift valve 82. A land 100 at the right-hand end of the ratioshift valve 82 is acted upon by oil pressure supplied through a pipe 98 and an output shaft-driven speed responsive governor (not shown) from the main pumps, in opposition to the bias of a spring 102 and TV pressure supplied through a pipe 106 to act upon differently sized lands 104, 88. In the position shown, the shift valve 82 connects line pressure from the pipe 84 to a pipe 86 leading to servo means 68 engaging the direct drive clutch 62, and simultaneously through a one-way valve 92 to a pipe 94 leading to the servomotor 70, where it acts against the force of the oil supplied direct from the pipe 84 to keep the brake 60 disengaged. If the shift valve 82 is moved rightwards from the position shown, the inlet from the pipe 84 is closed off, and the pipe 86 is put into communication with an exhaust pipe 116 through a restriction 118. The direct drive clutch servomotor 68 is then vented to exhaust and disengaged, while the one-way valve 92 prevents the pipe 94 leading to the brake servomotor 70 from being directly exhausted. The shift valve 82 may be moved rightwards for a down-shift either by TV pressure in the pipe 106 moving the valve against output speed-pressure supplied through the pipe 98, or by kick-down of the motor car accelerator pedal supplying pressure through a pipe 108 to act upon lands 104, 110. Venting of the pipe 94 to allow engagement of the reduced-ratio brake 60 takes place through the first time-delay valve 120, a by-pass passage 127, the second time-delay and viscosity correcting valve 128, a passage 129 and the passage 86 now connected to the exhaust passage 116. In the position shown, the pipe 94 is connected through a by-pass 122 to the first time-delay valve 126, which is in its open position, and to the passage 127. Line pressure supplied through pipes 134, 136 and subjected to torque demand modulation by means not further described acts upon lands 132, 126 of the first time-delay valve 120 to move the valve. When the torque demand is low and the car is coasting, the pressure supplied through the' pipe 134 is reduced, and the time-delay valve 120 is moved leftwards by the bias of a spring 130 to close the passage 122 so that the pipe 94 communicates with the by-pass passage 127 only through a restriction 138. Accordingly, oil escapes slowly from the pipe 94, and the reduced-ratio brake 60 is engaged slowly. When torque demands are high, the pressure in the pipe 134 increases to move the time-delay valve 126 rightwards to the position shown, and engagement of the reduced-ratio brake 60 is effected relatively quickly. The second time-delay valve 128 which is the subject of Specification 875,325, is controlled by the pressure differential developed across the orifice 144 and by output-speed governor pressure supplied through the pipe 98 to act upon two different-sized lands 140, 142 against the bias of the spring 148. The by-pass passage 127 leads through the orifice 144 to a port which can be closed by the valve 128, in parallel with a second orifice 146 leading through the pipe 129 to the pipe 86, the ratio-shift valve 82 and the exhaust passage 116. At high speeds, governor pressure acts to move the time-delay valve 128 rightwards so that oil venting from the brake engaging servomotor 70 passes through the restriction 146, with corresponding increase in the time taken for brake engagement. At low speeds, the second time-delay valve 128 allows a faster down-shift, correspond to a lesser change in engine speed. The second time-delay valve 128 provides uniform regulation of the time taken for ratio shifts regardless of oil temperature and the corresponding changes in viscosity. Since disengagement of the direct drive clutch 62 and engagement of the reduced ratio brake 60 are both caused by the venting of oil under pressure through the restriction 118, the rate of disengagement of the one and the engagement of the other are interdependent. If downshift occurs at high speed, the brake 70 is applied gradually and the escape of oil under pressure through the restriction 118 therefrom is slow, accordingly allowing the clutch 60 to become disengaged relatively quickly. However, if the down-shift occurs at a low car speed, the brake 60 is engaged more rapidly and the restriction 118 must accommodate a greater flow of oil therefrom during the shift period. This maintains a back pressure in the pipe 86 and holds the clutch 60 engaged for a longer period of time. The car engine is thereby prevented from accelerating during a ratio down-shift.