Patent GB-1100399-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for indicating the viscosity index
IPC: G06G7/57
Filed: 1965-10-20
Abstract: 1,100,399. Measuring viscosity index electrically. GULF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CO. Oct. 20, 1965 [Oct. 27, 1964], No. 44365/65. Heading GIN. The viscosity index of a fluid, which is indicative of the effect of temperature on viscosity, is automatically computed from the electrical outputs of two viscometers, one measuring the viscosity at 100F. and the other at 210F. The apparatus computes the index according to the definition by the American Society for Testing Materials Where U is the viscosity at 100F. of oil under test; L is the viscosity of an oil of zero V.I. having the same viscosity at 210F. as the oil under test; and D is the difference between L and the viscosity H of an oil of 100 V.I. having the same viscosity at 210F. as the fluid under test. In Fig. 2 (not shown) oil from a pipeline is pumped by separate constant volume pumps through viscometers immersed in constant temperature baths at respectively 100F. and 210F. The viscometers are preferably of the type in which the fluid is pumped through a capillary tube and the pressure difference between the ends of the capillary is measured by an electrical differential pressure transducer. In computing D and L linear relationships are assumed between D and the viscosity, V 210 , at 210F, and between L and D. The assumed relationships D = Y 0  + C 1 . V 210  and L = Y 1  + C 2 . D are stated to be accurate over limited viscosity ranges. The output from viscometer 31 is modified by potentiometer 35 to represent C 1 . V 210  and the quantity Y 0  is added by circuit 61-63 so that a signal representing D is available between points 37 and 38. The output from viscometer 25 is modified by potentiometer 73 to represent U/C 2  and this quantity is subtracted from the output of circuit 66-68 which represents Y 1 /C 2 . With the contacts of relay 79 in position 77 the difference is added to D to provide a signal representing L-U/C 2  between points 38, 76 across potentiometer 80. Energization of relay 79 connects points 37, 38 in series with a variable resistor 83 across potentiometer 80 and resistor 83 is adjusted so that the voltage across the potentiometer is representative of D/C 2  A timer 90 periodically energizes relays 79, 92 and 93. The output from the slider 81 of potentiometer 80 is then compared with unit voltage tapped off from a potentiometer 106 and since relay 92 is energized the output of an amplifier 102 responsive to the difference is supplied to a servomotor 82 to adjust slider 81 until the voltage on the slider is unity, i. e. k.D/C 2  = 1. The relays are then de-energized and the voltage k. L-U/C 2 appearing on slider 81 is balanced against a voltage tapped off from a potentiometer 96, the output of amplifier 102 now driving servomotor 98 to balance these voltages and operate recorder 104. The recorder thus records k.L-U/C 2  / 1  or k.L-U/C 2 .C 2 /k.D,which is proportional to the viscosity index. Calibration. Circuit 39 is calibrated using an oil having a value of V 210  near the middle of the viscosity range of interest and a voltmeter 64 connected between 37 and 38. Voltages readings are taken with the oil flowing and with zero flow through the viscometer and potentiometers 35, 62andresistor 63areadjustedinaccordance with desired values obtained from a graph of D against V 210 . Circuit 65 is then calibrated using an oil of known viscosity at 100C. and a voltmeter 70 connected between 75 and 76. The circuit is adjusted in accordance with values obtained from a graph of L against D. Finally resistor 83 is adjusted so that a voltmeter 85 temporarily connected across potentiometer 80 indicates D/C 2 ,C 2  being known from the graph of L against D. Modifications. Circuit 65 may be modified so that the quantities Y 1 and V 100 are simulated, the factor1/C 2  being introduced by means of a potential divider. Another modification is shown in Fig. 8 and uses an amplifier 125 with its input D supplied through resistance 126 and feedback through resistance 127 so that the gain is equal to the ratio C 2  of the resistances.