Patent GB-1030435-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in radio navigation apparatus
IPC: G01S1/30
Filed: 1963-02-25
Abstract: 1,030,435. Radio navigation systems. PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. Feb. 25, 1963 [Feb. 28, 1962], No. 7454/63. Heading H4D. In a radio-navigation apparatus for an aircraft, in which the phase of a received R.F. signal relative to that of a comparison signal of like frequency is measured in a phase detector, at least one of the stages supplying an input of the phase detector includes a phaseshift device, controlled by a signal derived from the output of the phase detector and by a signal derived from the output of a speedmeasuring device which measures the speed of the aircraft in the direction of a ground station and works independently of the received R.F. signal, such that the apparatus comprises a closed regulation circuit whereby the output of the phase-detector approaches zero, the closed regulation circuit also comprising a filter passing only a quantity of information corresponding to the maximum error in the aircraft speed as measured by the speedmeasuring device. The invention is said to lessen the required bandwidth of the receiving apparatus when the received signal has undergone a Doppler frequency shift, and to be applicable to both circular and hyperbolic systems. In a circular system the speedmeasuring device is incorporated in an air data unit 11, Fig. 4 (not shown), and feeds a signal representing the craft's air speed v to a co-ordinate converter 13. Bearing and pitch angles # and α, are also fed to the converter from a gyro compass 12. The converter produces signals representing orthogonal (x and y) components of the craft's horizontal air speed and each component is fed to an integrator 15 together with the corresponding component of the circuit's velocity, produced by unit 16, to produce orthogonal position valves for the aircraft, which are combined in unit 17 to produce an output signal representing the distance pc from the aircraft to the ground station transmitting the received signal. Alternatively, the course navigation system producing the signal representing the distance pc may be a Doppler system on an inertial navigation system. The units shown within the dotted rectangle of Fig. 4, are shown as block 10 in Fig. 5. The transmitted signal, received on antenna 20, Fig. 5, is phase-shifted with respect to a signal of like frequency from high stability oscillator 22, in accordance with the distance pc, but is also shifted in frequency due to the Doppler effect of relative movement between the craft and the ground station. Both shifts are removed by feeding the received signal through a phase-shifter 24, controlled by the pc output signal from unit 10. The phase of the resulting signal is compared with that of the signal from oscillator 22, in phase detector 25. Any output from the detector indicates that the signal from unit 10 used to control the phase-shifter 24 is incorrect, and the said output #p is accordingly used to control and correct unit 10. To do this the error signal #p is resolved in unit 27 into orthogonal x and y components and the respective components are added to the wind correction units 16 in unit 10, to adjust the pc output signal and bring the error signal #p to zero. The pc output signal is arranged to control an indicator to give the aircraft to ground station distance. By connecting the Doppler shift with the aid of unit 10 which works independently of the received signal it is no longer necessary to provide a receiver pass-band capable of passing the entire Doppler shift. If k is the maximum possible error in the distance indication of unit 10 then only 2k% of the maximum Doppler shift remains, and has to be allowed for in considering the receiver bandwidth, at the output of the phase-shifter means 24. A bandpass filter 26<SP>1</SP> of bandwidth 2k% may be used at the output of the phase-shifter 24 on a lowpass filter 26 of bandwidth k% may be used at the output of the detector 25. In an alternative embodiment the controlled phase-shifter 24 is placed in the path supplying the reference signal from oscillator 22 to the detector 25 (Fig. 7, not shown). A hyperbolic isochrome arrangement is shown in Fig. 8 (not shown), wherein, the signals received from the two stations are each shifted in frequency due to the Doppler effect as well as having relative phases (after they have been converted to the same frequency by means not shown) dependent on the position of the aircraft relative to the two stations. The two received signals are therefore passed through two phase shifters 24, controlled by signals from unit 10 representative of the computed distances p 1  and p 2  of the aircraft from the two stations, before being phase compared in phase detector 25. The output of the detector #D represents the error in the computed quantity (p 1 -p 2 ), which output is used as before to correct unit 10. In an adaptation of this embodiment, Fig. 9, (not shown), only one phase-shifter is used, controlled by a signal representative of the computed distance (p 1 -p 2 ). The wind correction unit, Fig. 6 (not shown), may comprise a memory device comprising an integrating unit receiving the correction signals from unit 27, Fig. 5, and shunt by a resistor. The phaseshifter 24 may comprise, Fig. 11 (not shown), a motor amplifier 40 fed with a control signal pc from unit 10 and controlling a motor 41, the shaft of which controls a potentiometer 42 and a resolver 43. The output of the potentiometer 42 is fed back to subtract from the control signal feeding the motor amplifier 10, such that the potentiometer and resolver 43 settle down in an angular position proportional to the computed distance pc. A signal passed through the resolver is likewise phaseshifted by an amount proportional to pc.