Patent GB-364104-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of wetting, cleansing and dispersing agents
IPC: D06M13/322
Filed: 1930-07-28
Abstract: Dispersing and emulsifying agents are made by condensing ethers of the general formula NR1R2R3 (where R1 represents the group -Alk-O-Alk-OH, in which case R2, R3 represent hydrogen, alkyl, cyclo-alkyl, alkylol or -Alk-N (Alk-OH)2, or either R2, R3 represent -Alk-O-Alk-OH, or both R2, R3 belong to the same heterocyclic ring formed by the nitrogen atom, or R1, R2 represent the group -Alk-O-Alk-, in which case R3 is hydrogen, alkylol or -Alk-O-Alk-OH, or R1 represents -Alk-O-Alk- NR2 R3, in which case R2, R3 represent hydrogen) with acids containing at least eight carbon atoms, or with their anhydrides, halides or esters.  The acids employed are carboxylic acids, which may contain in addition to one or more carboxylic groups, one or more sulphonic or sulphuric ester groups. The products are esters or amides or mixtures, depending on the nature of the parent materials.  Products containing a free hydroxyl group may be alkylated or oxyalkylated, or esterified with a strong poly-basic mineral acid such as sulphuric or phosphoric acid. Products containing the residue of an unsaturated acid, e.g. oleic acid, may be sulphonated.  The utility of the products as dispersing agents may be increased by the addition of soaps, glue, gelatine of other gelatinizing agents, sulphite cellulose waste liquor, organic solvents or water-soluble salts.  The products may be used for emulsifying solvents, fats, oils, or waxes.  Specifications 306,116, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], 337,774, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], and 341,710, [Group IV], are referred to.ALSO:Wetting, cleansing, and dispersing agents are made by condensing ethers of the general formula NR1R2R3 (where R1 represents the group 1-Alk-O-Alk-OH, in which case R2 and R3 represen hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylol or -Alk-N = (Alk OH)2, or either R2 or R3 represent -Alk-O-Alk-OH, or both R2 and R3 belong to the same heterocyclic ring formed by the nitrogen atom, or R1 and R2 represent the group -Alk-O-Alk-, in which case R3 is hydrogen, alkylol or -Alk-O-Alk-OH, or R1 represents -Alk-O-Alk-NR2R3, R2 and R3 in this case being hydrogen) with acids containing at least eight carbon atoms, or with their anhydrides, halides or esters.  The acids employed are carboxylic acids, which may contain in addition to one or more carboxylic groups, one or more sulphonic or sulphuric ester groups.  The products are esters or amides or mixtures, depending on the nature of the parent materials.  The parent ethers may be obtained from alkylolamines by splitting off water or by etherification with olefine oxide or with halogenhydrins of polyhydric alcohols.  Products containing a free hydroxyl group may be alkylated or oxyalkylated, or esterified with a strong polybasic mineral acid, e.g. sulphuric or phosphoric acid. Products containing the residue of an unsaturated acid, e.g. oleic acid, may be sulphonated, e.g. by treatment with chlorsulphonic acid.  The utility of the products as wetting, cleansing and dispersing agents may be increased by the addition of soaps, glue, gelatine or other gelatinizing agents, sulphite cellulose waste liquor, organic solvents or water-soluble salts.  The products may also be used for emulsifying solvents, fats, oils or waxes.  When added to acid dyebaths they give uniform dyeings, fast to rubbing, even with badly levelling dyestuffs.  For dyeing woollen goods, they may be added to an indigo vat which has been rendered weakly acid by the addition of ammonium bisulphate.  They may also be added to carbonizing baths. In examples, (1) olive oil is heated with tetraoxyethylethylenediamine mono-oxyethyl ether (made by treating ethylenediamine (1 mol.) with ethylene oxide (5 mols.); the product, mixed with a neutral soap, protects the fibre and preserves the colour when added to a fulling bath for dyed woollen goods, (2) the mixture of ester and amide made by condensing stearic acid with diethanolamine is condensed with propylene oxide, and the product esterified with chlorsulphonic or phosphoric acid, (3) morpholine (made by heating diethanolamine with sulphuric acid) is condensed with oleic chloride, and the morpholine oleic amide obtained converted into a sulphuric ester, by treating with concentrated sulphuric acid, or a true sulphonic acid by treating with chlorsulphonic acid, or a phosphoric ester by treating with phosphorus pentoxide, (4) oxyethylmorpholine (made by heating triethanolamine with sulphuric acid) is condensed with oleic acid, (5) the mono-oxyethylether of mono-(b -ethylhexyl)-di-(oxyethyl)-amine (made by treating with ethylene oxide the b -ethyl-hexylamine, obtained by the catalytic reduction, in presence of ammonia, of the unsaturated aldehyde formed by distillation of butyraldol is condensed with stearic acid, (6) the oxyethylether of N-oxyethylpiperidine (made by treating piperidine with ethylene oxide) or the mono-oxyethylether of dioxyethylaniline (made by treating dioxyethylaniline with ethylene oxide) is condensed with lauric acid, and (7) b  : b <1>-diaminodiethylether is condensed with oleic chloride. Specifications 306,116, 337,774, [both in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], and 341,710 are referred to.