Patent GB-1006874-A (GB)
Title: Electronic computers
IPC: G06F3/09
Filed: 1962-03-12
Abstract: 1,006,874. Electronic digital calculators. S.C.M. CORPORATION. March 12, 1962 [Dec. 27, 1961], No. 9362/62. Headings G4A and G4C. A typewriter is arranged as an inputoutput device for an electronic calculating circuit, there being a buffer register operable in parallel for characters to be transmitted to and from the typewriter and in series for characters to be transmitted to or from the calculating circuit. The arrangement is suitable for invoicing. General arrangement. A conventional electric typewriter 100, Fig. 1, is provided with additional features including control keys 400-406, 408, 409 and indicator lamps 410-412. Depression of TYPE ONLY key 400 enables identifying data to be typed on an invoice, Fig. 2, without affecting the calculating circuit 112. After depression of any of the other control keys, the system comes under the general control of a program control unit 101 mounted at the real of the typewriter, the programme control unit 101 mounted at the rear of the typewriter, the program control unit comprising a stationary insulating block having 36 horizontal conducting strips (Fig. 3a, not shown) controlling various calculating and typing functions, the sequence of the controls being determined by a programme card 300 (Fig. 3b, not shown) containing punched holes and adapted to cooperate with an array of 36 wire feelers mounted on a block 104 fixed to the typewriter carriage The calculating circuit 112 includes a magnetic disc memory 110 containing a number of storage registers, Fig. 5a. General operation.-For the preparation of an invoice, Fig. 2, the operator types the quantity ordered and the quantity shipped, the difference being automatically calculated and typed in the third column. The quantity shipped is also entered in an " Icand " register and when the operator has typed the description and unit price, the product of the two quantities is automatically calculated and entered in the gross amount column to which the carriage has been tabbed by the operator. The gross amount is also retained in the memory 110, the operator types a discount figure and the net amount is automatically calculated and typed out, the carriage being automatically returned to the first column. When the various items have been entered on the invoice, a SUBTOTAL key 405 is depressed to energize a FOOT relay 608 (Fig. 6b, not shown) to render effective certain commands on the program card 300, such as SPECIAL AUTOMATIC TAB which tabs the carriage past unused columns; other commands such as AUTOMATIC MINUS for the discount column being rendered ineffective. Entry of data into calculator.-On depression of a typewriter digit key a diode matrix 200 causes the digit to be set up in binary coded form on toggles 800-803, the binary digits being then sequentially transferred to a selected register on the memory disc 110 and also via an adder-subtractor 202 back to the toggles 800- 803. When the typewriter carriage has moved to the next position, a new address is established by the programme control unit for the memory disc 110 and the next digit is set up in the toggles 800-803. Holes on the programme card 300 cause decimal points and other special symbols to be typed automatically on the invoice at the correct carriage position. The typing of a digit in a position programmed for a decimal point or vice versa, causes an error relay (Fig. 6, not shown) to be energized thereby locking the typewriter keyboard until the error condition is cleared. Read-out of data to the typewriter.-An ENABLE T/W signal from the programme unit 101 causes the contents of a selected register on the memory disc 110 to be read out via gates 272, 262, the adder-subtractor 202, the toggles 800-803 and a decoding relay tree 203 to energize solenoids associated with the typewriter keys. Zeros preceding the first significant digit are not printed. After each digit is read out from the disc 110 to the toggles 800-803, it is re-recorded at another position on the disc. The read-out operation is synchronized by the movement of the typewriter carriage. During a read-out operation, the typewriter keyboard is locked against manual operation (Fig. 4b, not shown). A further feature is the provision of a carriage lock to prevent carriage return during manual entry of data. Memory unit.-The disc memory may be as described in Specification 932,630 and comprises two data tracks 205, 206 and two clock tracks 207, 208. Each data track is divided into four sections, each section containing three twelve-decimal-digit register areas for storing words of ten decimal digits plus a sign digit, the twelfth digit space being unused. Each digit area contains four binary bits in series, the bit positions being clocked by marks on the clock track 207. The data tracks 205, 206 have associated respective write heads W1, W2 and associated respective pairs of read heads R1, R2; R3, R4 arranged as shown in Fig. 5a. Read heads 211, 212 are associated with the clock tracks 207, 208. Write heads W1, W2 are displaced from an exact quarter revolution position by 5 bit positions to allow for correct re-recording. Addition and subtraction.-A number entered from the keyboard is stored in triplicate in buffer registers B1, B2, B3. Registers A-F are accumulator registers, the arrangement being such that during the first quarter rotation, read heads R1, R3 may simultanously add or subtract the number in buffers B1-B3 to the numbers in registers A-C and enter the results in transfer registers T1-T3. During the second quarter rotation, head R4 is effective to transfer the contents of registers T1-T3 to registers A-C respectively. During the third quarter rotation, the number of buffers B1-B3 may be added to or subtracted from a number in registers D-F by means of read heads R1-R4, temporarily stored in transfer registers T4-T6 and, in the fourth quarter rotation entered in that register D-F from which the stored number was taken. Multiplication.-This is effected by entering the multiplicand via buffer register B3 into a multiplicand register M3 and entering the multiplier into buffer register B1-B3. The successive multiplier digits are read sequentially into a multiplier counter 217, Fig. 5a, where they control the number of entries of the appropriately shifted multiplicand into the product register P1-P3. Secondary storage registers S1-S3 enable two additions of the multiplicand to be effected in a single revolution of the disc 110. Round off.-A half cent round off is effected following each multiplication, a " 5 being stored in the twelfth digit area of the product register P1 before multiplication starts, the product being read out from register P2 and the lower digits in register P1 being discarded. Negative numbers.-These are represented as complements, with a sign digit (9) in the eleventh order position. Adder-subtracter. Fig. 18.-Digits a, b to be added or subtracted are applied in true and complement form on leads 1814, 1816, 1817, 1824 to gates 1801-1804 adapted to produce the sum/difference output digit. The inputs are also applied to further gating circuits adapted to set a carry/borrow toggle 1800 if a carry or borrow digit is necessary, the i carry toggle output being connected also to the nputs of the gates 1801-1804. If after an addition or subtraction of two 4-bit digits the value, in a buffer storage toggle 800-803, Fig. 1, is greater than nine and/or if the carry toggle is set, the value is converted to the correct decimal value plus a carry by adding or subtracting six in the circuit of Fig. 8 (not shown). Circuit details.-The various circuits shown in Figs. 5a, 5b are described in detail in the Specification. Specifications 932,263,1,006,873 and 1.006.875 also are referred to.