baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20110107968-A (KR)
Inventor: YOUN DAL CHAE
IPC: E02D9/02
Filed: 2010-03-26
Abstract: 본 발명은 지중에 매설된 콘크리트 파일 인발 공법에 관한 것이다. 
즉, 본 발명은 지중에 매설된 콘크리트 파일(1)의 두부 주변 지반을 정리하는 단계와; 콘크리트 파일(1)의 외경보다 큰 내경을 가진 중공부(201)를 형성한 배출관(2)의 중심을 상기 콘크리트 파일(1)의 중심과 일치시켜 지중에 매설된 콘크리트 파일(1)이 배출관(2)의 중공부(201)에 삽관되도록 콘크리트 파일(1)의 전체 길이만큼 배출관(2)을 지중에 매설하는 단계와; 지상으로 노출된 콘크리트 파일(1)의 두부에 인발구(3)를 연결하는 단계와; 상기 인발구(3)를 크레인과 연결하여 인발구(3)를 끌어올려 콘크리트 파일(1)을 지반에서 뽑아내는 단계로 구성함으로써, 지중에 매설된 콘크리트 파일을 그 주변 지반의 굴삭 없이도 신속하고 간편하게 뽑아낼 수 있기 때문에 콘크리트 파일 제거 공사에 따른 공기를 크게 단축시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 콘크리트 파일 제거에 따른 장비와 인력의 투입을 최소화함으로써 공사비를 크게 절감할 수 있는 이점이 있다.
Patent KR-20110109152-A (KR)
Title: 직류 마그네트 브레이크용 커버 장치
Inventor: NA SEUNG HWAN
IPC: H02P3/04
Filed: 2010-03-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 길이 방향을 따라 연장하는 고무판과, 상기 고무판 상에 배치되는 내열 복합섬유와, 상기 내열 복합섬유 상에 배치되는 금속판과, 상기 고무판과 상기 내열 복합섬유와 상기 금속판을 결합하는 결합 유닛을 구비하는 밴드 어셈블리; 및 상기 밴드 어셈블리에 설치되어, 상기 밴드 어셈블리가 직류 마그네트 브레이크의 마그네트들을 감싸도록 상기 밴드 어셈블리의 양단부가 상호 체결되게 하는 체결 유닛을 포함하는, 직류 마그네트 브레이크용 커버 장치를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20110110424-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM GI JIN
IPC: G07F19/00
Filed: 2010-04-01
Abstract: 금융자동화기기 및 이의 운용 방법이 개신된다.  금융자동화기기는 카드를 인식하여, 상기 카드로부터 사용자의 카드정보 추출하는 카드 리더부와, 인터넷 서비스 요청에 연동하여, 상기 인터넷 서비스 요청에 대한 결제 금액과, 상기 카드정보에 대응하는 계좌 잔고액을 비교하는 비교부와, 상기 비교 결과, 상기 계좌 잔고액이 상기 결제 금액 이상인 경우, PIN(Personal Identification Number)을 생성하는 번호 생성부와, 상기 계좌 잔고액에서 상기 결제 금액을 차감하는 결제에 관한 명세표에, 상기 생성된 PIN을 포함하여 출력하도록 하는 제어부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20110112557-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN KI YOUNG
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2010-04-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 비동기 무선통신 시스템에서 인접 기지국 스캐닝 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 비동기 무선통신 시스템에서 기지국이 인접 기지국을 스캐닝하기 위한 방법은, 일정 개수의 프레임 동안, 인접 기지국으로부터 하향링크 데이터를 수신하는 과정과, 프레임별로, 상기 수신된 하향링크 데이터를 이용하여 검색하고자 하는 셀 식별자의 수신신호세기를 결정하는 과정과, 상기 프레임별로 결정된 수신신호세기 중 가장 작은 수신신호세기를 가지는 프레임을, 제1 프리앰블(PA Preamble: Primary Advanced Preamble)이 존재하는 프레임으로 결정하는 과정과, 상기 결정된 제1 프리앰블이 존재하는 프레임을 제거하는 과정과, 상기 결정된 제1 프리앰블이 존재하는 프레임을 제외한, 나머지 프레임들의 수신신호세기를 기반으로 인접 기지국을 식별하는 과정을 포함하며, 여기서, 상기 비동기 무선통신 시스템은, 슈퍼프레임 내 제1 프리앰블과 제2 프리앰블이 존재하고, 섹 식별 정보를 포함하는 제2 프리앰블이 매 프레임마다 존재하지 않는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20110113026-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUNG DAE KYUN
IPC: A61Q19/08
Filed: 2010-04-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 리포테이코익산을 함유하는 피부노화 억제 및 피부주름생성 억제용 조성물에 관한 것이다. 리포테이코익산은 피부에 자극이 없고 안전하여 화장료, 약제, 피부 외용제 및 건강기능식품에 사용할 수 있다. 
본 발명에 따른 리포테이코익산을 포함하는 조성물은 활성 산소의 생성을 억제하고 콜라겐 분해 효소인 MMP-1의 합성을 억제함으로써 피부의 노화와 주름 생성을 방지하는 효능을 가진다. 또한 리포테이코익산은 천연 물질로서 신체에 적용 시 부작용이나 안전성에 대한 위험이 없고 안전하다.
Patent KR-20100114475-A (KR)
Title: Slide member
Inventor: YASUI MIKIHITO
IPC: C22C12/00
Filed: 2010-04-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sliding member which comprises an overlay layer and an intermediate layer is provided to reduce the diffusion of an addition element through an overlay layer. CONSTITUTION: A sliding member comprises an overlay layer(4), an intermediate layer(3) and an addition element. The overlay layer is manufactured by adding an addition element consisting of low melting point metal to Bi or Bi alloy. The intermediate layer is made by adding the addition element to Ag or Ag alloy. The addition element is included in the intermediate layer and the overlay layer. The addition element is made of one of Sn or In.
Patent KR-20110119901-A (KR)
Title: Joystick with variable tension
Inventor: HAN CHANG SOO
IPC: H01H25/04
Filed: 2010-04-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A variable tension type joystick is provided to adjust an erect tension value of a stick, thereby reducing the muscle fatigue of a user. CONSTITUTION: A stick(10) rotates against a housing. A yoke unit(20) is connected between a housing and a stick. The yoke unit supports the stick to rotate the stick. A rotation sensing unit(30) senses the rotation angle of the stick. A driving unit(40) transfers power to the yoke unit.
Patent KR-20110031879-A (KR)
Title: Transmitter, receiver for visible light communication and method using the same
Inventor: KIM DAE HO
IPC: H04B10/50
Filed: 2010-04-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A transmitter, a receiver for visible light communication and a method using the same are provided to remove a flickering effect of lighting when performing data transmission in LED visible light wireless communication. CONSTITUTION: A visible light wireless communication transmitter comprises a source code recognition unit(910) and a line coding unit(920). The source code recognition unit recognizes a source bit column as a source code of a first coefficient, wherein the source code is formed by bit unit. The line coding unit encodes each source code as an encoding code of a second coefficient which is larger than the first coefficient. In the encoding code, the bit number corresponding to 1 is same as the bit number corresponding to 0.
Patent KR-20110120727-A (KR)
Title: 차단기의 전동스프링 조작기
Inventor: JUNG JAE WOONG
IPC: H01H33/28
Filed: 2010-04-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 차단기의 전동스프링 조작기에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은, 상기 전동스프링 조작기의 내부에 로드셀이 설치되거나 체인에 스트레인 게이지가 설치되어 압축스프링의 하중변화를 실시간으로 감지할 수 있게 됨으로써, 상기 압축스프링의 초기위치를 용이하면서도 정확하게 설정할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 상기 차단기의 작동중에도 상기 압축스프링의 하중변화를 실시간으로 감지하여 상기 차단기의 동작을 안정적으로 유지하여 치명적인 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20100053497-A (KR)
Title: Sprinkler head protector and sprinkler module having the same
Inventor: LEE HAE YOUNG
IPC: A62C35/58
Filed: 2010-05-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sprinkler head guard net and a sprinkler module including the same are provided, which can protect a sprinkler head effectively while not obstructing sprinkling of fire-extinguishing water. CONSTITUTION: A sprinkler head guard net comprises: a mounting unit mounted on the joint outside of the sprinkler head; an external protection net(110) formed into the form covering the whole sprinkler head; and an inner protection net(120) which is connected separately to the mounting unit and is arranged around the heat-actuated element of the sprinkler head. The inner protection net includes a pair of inside vertical nets and horizontal nets.
Patent KR-20100121439-A (KR)
Title: Slide adjuster
Inventor: HARADA TAKESHI
IPC: A42B1/22
Filed: 2010-05-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A slide adjuster is provided, which can be applied to the site that miniaturization is necessary and allows clear manipulation. CONSTITUTION: A slide adjuster comprises: a belt(10); and a buckle(20) fixed to one side of the belt. The buckle includes; a base(21) arranged in the rear end of the belt; a pair of sidewalls(22) which face to each other around the belt; an operation member(23) which is arranged in the front surface of the belt while facing the belt; a combination hook(24) which is combined with one of the bonding groove of the rack; a pressing unit(25) formed in the other end part of the operation member; a connection shaft(26) interlinking the operation member to a pair of sidewalls; and a frame(27) arranged along the periphery of the pressing unit of the operation member.
Patent KR-20110125528-A (KR)
Title: Double joining blade for vinyl glove manufacturing and vinyl glove manufacturing apparatus with double joining blade
Inventor: CHUN KI YOUNG
IPC: B29C43/40
Filed: 2010-05-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A dual fusion blade for manufacturing plastic gloves and a plastic-gloves manufacturing device are provided to prevent the fused part of plastic gloves from becoming easily damaged even if cook actively moves his hands, since the edge of the plastic gloves is fused by the dual fusion blade. CONSTITUTION: A dual fusion blade(41) for manufacturing plastic gloves comprises a cutting blade(411) and a bonding blade(412). The fusion blade is formed in a form of hands. The cutting blade fuses and cuts the edge of the plastic gloves. The bonding blade is located in the cutting blade. The bonding blade forms a bonding unit, which is separated from the edge of the plastic gloves. The cutting blade and the bonding blade have a gap, which is formed by a blade separating space(413).
Patent KR-20110125692-A (KR)
Title: Grout injection pumping machine
Inventor: KIM KI HYUN
IPC: E04G23/02
Filed: 2010-05-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A grout injection pumping unit capable of washing with the chemical liquid is provided to prevent the cost loss due to the chemical liquid by rapidly washing the chemical liquid route through the washing liquid. CONSTITUTION: A grout injection pumping unit capable of washing with the chemical liquid comprises a washing solution supply hole(53), a three way valve(51), a connection pipe(60) and a washing solution container(70). The washing solution supply hole is formed in the single-side of a pump(1). The three way valve is installed inside a valve retainer(50) and controls the supply of the washing solution(100). The valve retainer is screwed in the washing solution supply hole. The connection pipe comprises one or more packing(61) in the upper of the retainer and is installed in the upper side of the valve retainer. The washing solution container is installed in the upper of the connection pipe and has a discharge hole(71) and an opening.
Patent KR-20110125855-A (KR)
Title: Structure for install circuit breaker of distributing board and cabinet panel
Inventor: PARK MYUNG NAM
IPC: H02B1/20
Filed: 2010-05-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure for installing the circuit breaker of a distribution board is provided to improve the assembly and work efficiency of a circuit breaker which is assembled in a supporting board by fixing the circuit breaker by rotating the circuit breaker to a supporting board direction around a barrier groove which is combined with an engaging protrusion. CONSTITUTION: A first engaging protrusion(100) is projected in one side of a circuit breaker(10). A second engaging protrusion(200) is projected in one side of a supporting board(20). A first and a second engaging protrusion are formed to be sloped for contacting the sides. A flow preventing part(500) prevents the flow of the circuit breaker which is fixed by being hung on the fixing hook(400) of the supporting board. The flow preventing part includes a flow preventing groove(510) which is formed in one side of the circuit breaker.
Patent KR-20100129184-A (KR)
Title: Salt and photoresist composition containing the same
Inventor: ICHIKAWA KOJI
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2010-05-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A photoresist composition is provided to obtain a photoresist pattern with excellent pattern profile and line edge roughness and to be useful for ArF excimer laser lithography, KrF excimer laser lithography, and ArF immersion lithography. CONSTITUTION: A salt is represented by the formula (I-BB), wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom etc., X1 represents a single bond etc., Y1 represents a C1-C36 aliphatic hydrocarbon group etc., A1 and A2 independently each represents a C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group etc., Ar1 represents a (m4+1)-valent C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group which can have one or more substituents, B1 represents a single bond etc., B2 represents a C4-C36 alicyclic hydrocarbon group which has one or more -OXa groups and which is not capable of being eliminated by the action of an acid etc., and Xa represents a hydrogen atom or a group capable of being eliminated by the action of an acid, m1 and m2 independently each represents an integer of 0 to 2, m3 represents an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that m1 plus m2 plus m3 equals 3, and m4 represents an integer of 1 to 3.
Patent KR-20110129663-A (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method for two-shot molding product with patterns therein
Inventor: CHA KYENG JUN
IPC: B29C45/16
Filed: 2010-05-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing dual-molded articles having patterns is provided to improve the color of molded products by adding a coating layer and making patterns stand out. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing dual-molded articles having patterns is as follows. A base(14), having a pattern groove on the ground, is shaped at a first step. A melted injection solution for pattern is provided to the pattern hole in order to form a double injection product(10) having patterns(12).
Patent KR-20110131627-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for detecting malicious code using structure and characteristic of file, and terminal thereof
Inventor: YOON JANG HONG
IPC: G06F21/56
Filed: 2010-05-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A malicious code diagnostic/recovery device and terminal device for the same are provided to prevent a malicious code by comparing a file structure of a terminal device and characteristic of the terminal device. CONSTITUTION: A file transceiver(610) receives file information about the modified file from terminal devices. A file comparator(620) compares file information of the terminal device. A malicious code diagnosis unit(630) determines the terminal device to the terminal device which is infected with the malicious code. A system recovery unit(640) recovers an OS(Operating System) of the infected terminal device to the previous OS.
Patent KR-20110133921-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for controlling interference in hierarchical cell structure wireless communication system
Inventor: KWUN JONG HYUNG
IPC: H04W16/32
Filed: 2010-06-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An interference control apparatus in a wireless communication system including hierarchical cell structure is provided to improve the wireless resource usage rate of a pico base station by minimizing interference between a pico cell and a macro cell. CONSTITUTION: A report information measurement unit(1106) compares the standard reception signal strength value of a measurement report structure for a handover trigger with a measurement report for a blanking trigger. The report information measurement unit creates a measurement report message including a measurement identifier corresponding to measurement report constitution. A transmission unit(1102) transmits the measurement report message to a macro base station.
Patent KR-20110134666-A (KR)
Title: Method, service server and system for providing medical consultation service using digital pen
Inventor: KIM BO RA
IPC: G06Q50/22
Filed: 2010-06-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method, a service server, and a system for providing a medical counseling service by using a digital pen are provided to answer about a medical counseling of an applicant through the digital pen. CONSTITUTION: A service server(120) receives consultant content handwriting data. The service server generates medical consultation form data including the consultant content writing data. The medial consultation form data is printed through an answerer terminal(131). The service server receives writing data of answer content about the medial consultation form data. An applicant digital pen(112) transmits the consultant writing data to the service server through an application terminal(111).
Patent KR-20110135218-A (KR)
Title: Lighting device
Inventor: SEO JUNG HOO
IPC: F21Y101/02
Filed: 2010-06-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A lighting device is provided to increase the manufacturing efficiency of a white light source by forming the white light source having a temperature under a reference color temperature. CONSTITUTION: In a lighting device, a white light source(110) emits white light having a color temperature higher than a reference color temperature. A green light source(130) emits a green light. A red light source(150) emits a red light in order to form a white light less than the reference color temperature. A power supply unit supplies power to the white light source, the green light source, and the red light source. The reference color temperature is 6000 K. The white light forms color temperature between 2000K and 6000K The green light source emits a green light having wavelength between 515 and 555 nm. The red light source emits the red light having wavelength between 600nm and 640 nm.
Patent KR-20100133917-A (KR)
Title: Method of managing carriers in a broadband wireless access system
Inventor: LEE EUN JONG
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2010-06-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: An efficient carrier management method in a wideband wireless access system confirming a carrier in a base station is provided to efficiently determine the activation of a secondary carrier in consideration of the state of a terminal. CONSTITUTION: An MS(Mobile Station) requests the activation of the allocated secondary carrier to a base station in a power mode. The base station transmits AAI_CM-CMD message to the terminal in order to activate a carrier as requested number of allocated carriers to the terminal(S502). The terminal activates the secondary carrier directed by the AAI CM-CMD message. The terminal transmits an AAI CM-IND message for the report of a carrier active state(S503).
Patent KR-20110136101-A (KR)
Title: Control method for refrigerator
Inventor: LEE NAM GYO
IPC: F25D19/00
Filed: 2010-06-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A control method of a refrigerator is provided to improve the efficiency of a cooling cycle and reduce the power consumption by omitting a pump down task. CONSTITUTION: A control method of a refrigerator comprises the following steps. A compressor is driven. The refrigerant flow passage of a cooling evaporator is opened with the operation of a valve through the driving of the compressor. The freezing fan is driven at the same time or after time of the opening of the refrigerant flow path of a cooling evaporator. The cooling fan is driven at the point of time which is later than the opening time of the refrigerant flow passage of the cooling evaporator.
Patent KR-20120002835-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO HEUY NAM
IPC: E21B33/12
Filed: 2010-07-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A packer device for a deep well of underground water is provided to prevent failure to a shielding function by minimizing the damage to a packer and greatly shorten stand-by time by absorbing underground water and rapidly obtaining expansion. CONSTITUTION: A packer device(10) for a deep well of underground water comprises a packer body, a protrusion piece, and an expansion body(30). The packer body is formed to be connected to a grouting casing. The protrusion piece is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the packer body. The expansion body is installed to protect the outer circumferential surface of the packer body.
Patent KR-20120006890-A (KR)
Title: Composition comprising extracts or fractions of specific plants, use thereof and method of thereof
Inventor: LEE GEE HWOON
IPC: A61K36/254
Filed: 2010-07-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition containing extract or fraction of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Arctii Semen is provided to remove proliferated mutant cells and to activate normal cells. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer contains extract or fraction of Cinnamomum aromaticum, Arctium lappa, Viticis fructus, Lonicera japonica, Acanthopanax gracilistylis, Raphanus sativus, Astragalus membranaceus and Hordeum vulgare. A composition for promoting hair growth or preventing alopecia contains the extract or fraction. A method for making the extract comprises: a step of sealing the herb ingredients in a non-woven fabric; a step of inputting water and the sealed herb ingredients into an extraction device; and a step of heating to collect extract.
Patent KR-20100091933-A (KR)
Title: Using method of installtion for external door lock dis-solution having a warning function of automobile remote controller
Inventor: NOH DAE SUNG
IPC: B60R16/02
Filed: 2010-07-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A usage method of an external door lock release device is provided to improve the functionality and completeness of a system. CONSTITUTION: A sheet(101) is attached to the inner front side of a vehicle and displays number keys and a control key through a graphic. A housing(103) opens one side and attaches the back side of a sheet to the aperture. A control base plate(111) can release the alarm device. A door lock releasing operation is executed in response to the external secret number input. An alarm control line(117) is connected to the output port of a control board. The control line Is connected to the ECU(Engine Control Unit) of a vehicle and transfers the control signal according to the releasing function of the alarm device to the ECU.
Patent KR-20120007767-A (KR)
Title: Cooling apparatus
Inventor: CHO YEON WOO
IPC: F25D19/00
Filed: 2010-07-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cooling apparatus is provided to improve quick cooling efficiency by employing a guide part to increase contact surface between cooling air and a beverage container. CONSTITUTION: A cooling apparatus comprises a case(11), a drawer(20), and a power generator. The case comprises an inlet and an outlet of cooling air. The drawer comprises an agitating member and a feed part. The agitating member rotates in the state of loading a beverage container. The feed part is rotatably connected to the agitating member and let the agitating member out of the case by sliding. The power generator comprises a driving part and a driven part. The driving part is fixed in one side between the case and the agitating member and the driven part is fixed in the other side and interacts with the driving part. The power generator generates power for rotating the agitating member.
Patent KR-20120007782-A (KR)
Title: Sulfonated poly(arylene ether) copolymer comprising crosslink structure and polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the same
Inventor: LEE JAE SUK
IPC: H01M8/10
Filed: 2010-07-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A sulfonated poly(arylene ether) copolymer is provided to manufacture polymer electrolyte membrane having excellent thermal stability, physical stability, chemical stability, membrane forming ability, cation conductivity, cell performance, dimensional stability, etc. CONSTITUTION: A sulfonated poly (arylene ether) copolymer is in chemical formula 1, and chemical formula 2. In the chemical formulas, SAr1 and SAr2 is sulfonated aromatic group, respectively and independently, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar4 and Ar5 is non-sulfonated aromatic group, respectively and independently, CM is crosslinkable moiety, k is number of 0.001-0.999, m is number of 0-1. s is number of (1-k-m) value, b is number of 0.001-1, d is number of (1-b) value, and n, which is integer of 10-500, is the repeating unit of polymer.
Patent KR-20120008662-A (KR)
Title: Navigation apparatus and method for searching route thereof
Inventor: JI YOUNG SOO
IPC: G01C21/34
Filed: 2010-07-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A navigation device and a route search method thereof are provided to automatically search for a gas station or repair shop and displays the route in case of car trouble. CONSTITUTION: A navigation device(100) comprises a wireless communication unit(110), a storage unit(150), a control unit(120), a route searching unit(130), and a display unit(160). The wireless communication unit wirelessly receives information on the status of a vehicle. The storage unit stores map information. The control unit generates a route searching signal for a gas station or repair ship according to the selection of a user. The route searching unit generates route information based on the route searching signal. The display unit receives the vehicle status information and the information on the searched gas station or repair shop information from the control unit and the route information from the route searching unit and displays the information.
Patent KR-20120010377-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for cutting high voltage of battery pack for vehicle
Inventor: KIM JU YOUNG
IPC: B60R16/02
Filed: 2010-07-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for shutting off the high voltage of a battery pack for a vehicle and a method thereof are provided to prevent damages or malfunctions of all the electronic devices due to the high voltage of the battery pack because the high voltages is shut off in a vehicle collision. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for shutting off the high voltage of a battery pack for a vehicle comprises a collision sensing unit(110), bus bars(120), a bus bar cutting unit(130), and a controller(140). The collision sensing unit detects the collision of a vehicle. The bus bars are installed between battery modules(200) and electrically connects multiple battery modules. The bus bar cutting unit cuts the bus bar by the application of physical force to the bus bar. If the collision sensing unit detects a vehicle collision, the controller sends a signal to cut the bus bar with the bus bar cutting unit in order to block electric contact between battery modules.