baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent AT-E261499-T1 (AT)
Inventor: TAKENAKA YOSHIMICHI
IPC: C22B1/16
Filed: 1999-11-24
Granted: 2004-03-15
Abstract: Pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material of the present invention contain a carbonaceous material and iron ore mainly composed of iron oxide. The maximum fluidity of the carbonaceous material in softening and melting, and the ratio of iron oxide particles of 10  mu m or smaller in the iron ore are within the range above a line which connects in turn points A, B and C shown in Fig. 1, including the line. This permits the production of pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material having excellent thermal conductivity and high strength. Reduction of the pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material produces reduced iron having high strength after reduction and a low fines ratio with improved productivity. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-E246906-T1 (AT)
Inventor: HOLTERMANN HENRI
IPC: A61F5/448
Filed: 1999-03-05
Granted: 2003-08-15
Abstract: The connector comprises two components (10, 20), each with a base (11,21) having a central aperture and a tubular projection (12, 22) surrounding it. A projection component (10) has an annular elastic lip (18) on its inner face, the free edge of the lip pointing towards its base (11). The projection on the second component (20) has an axial retainer (44) on its outer face to hold the lip's free edge. The coupling also has a locking member (43).
Patent AT-E251482-T1 (AT)
Inventor: BRAITHWAITE PHILIP
IPC: A61M15/00
Filed: 1999-01-04
Granted: 2003-10-15
Abstract: A method, and apparatus, for introducing a measured dose of powdered material into a dispensing device. The dispensing device includes two components which are relatively moveable between a first position, in which the two components together define a close space for accommodating the powdered material, and a second position in which the space is open separated from one of said components. The device is attached to a vessel partially filled with an amount of powdered material greater than that required to fill the space. The vessel is moved to a position at which the device lies below the level of the powdered material so that the powdered material occupies the space. The two components of the device are moved to their first position and the vessel is then moved to a position at which the attachment position lies above the powdered material and vessel. The device is then removed from the vessel.
Patent AT-E270778-T1 (AT)
Inventor: AIGNEL DENIS
IPC: G01N21/27
Filed: 1999-06-14
Granted: 2004-07-15
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for determining the quality of meat, in particular beef, on the transformation site, comprising the following steps: a) collecting, on the transformation site, data on parameters pertaining to the group consisting of the animal's race, age, and category, and biological and/or physico-chemical parameters of the animal's carcass pertaining to the group consisting of weight, conformation, fleshing, the carcass pH and color, and the thickness of the hide; b) obtaining at least an optical spectrum of the meat at wavelengths pertaining to a spectral range from the visible to near-infrared; c) combining data obtained from steps a) and b), to determine the meat tenderness according to a predetermined law established with respect to a predetermined tenderness reference scale.
Patent AT-E233076-T1 (AT)
Inventor: SCHMITT JOHN CHRISTIAN
IPC: A61F13/49
Filed: 1999-07-07
Granted: 2003-03-15
Abstract: A method for sealing an absorbent member. A web (110) including a fibrous material and superabsorbent material is fed to a knife (120). The web has a first surface (146), a second surface (148), a first side edge (140) and a second side edge (142). The knife (120) cuts the web (110) into individual absorbent members having a pair of opposing cut ends. The individual absorbent members have a first surface, a second surface, a first side edge, the second side edge, a first end edge and a second end edge, with the first and second end edges corresponding to the cut ends. A superabsorbent material movement obstruction agent is applied to the first and second end edges. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-E426294-T1 (AT)
Inventor: SHENKMAN GRIGORY
IPC: H04L12/56
Filed: 1999-09-02
Granted: 2009-04-15
Abstract: An integrated router (IR) in a call center monitors and controls both a telephony switch receiving and forwarding connection-oriented, switched telephony (COST) calls and a Data Network Telephony (DNT) processor receiving and forwarding DNT calls. The one IR consults a common data repository storing status of agents on both types of calls, and routes all calls according to a single set of rules, which can take a variety of forms. In one embodiment telephones at agent stations are adapted to handle both OST and DNT calls.
Patent AT-E222433-T1 (AT)
Inventor: VAN DE BERGH MARCO PIERRE HEND
IPC: H04B17/00
Filed: 1999-09-24
Granted: 2002-08-15
Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring an optical network being equipped with WDM equipment able to transmit a plurality of data channels at different wavelengths. From the said optical network a part of its optical signal power is coupled out and a specific statistical function of interest is determined which characterizes the said plurality of data channels. The parameters of said determined function of interest are processed in a predetermined mathematical model having a finite number of parameters and from said model information is derived on individual channels. Data representing the said information are produced. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-E260760-T1 (AT)
Inventor: MORGENSTERN HERBERT
IPC: B29C47/06
Filed: 1999-10-13
Granted: 2004-03-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a composite layer plate or film consisting of deep-drawable thermoplastic materials or mixtures thereof, containing at least one substrate layer and at least one top layer, wherein the top layer contains a lubricant.
Patent AT-E246024-T1 (AT)
Inventor: DICKSON NICOLA JANE
IPC: B01D15/08
Filed: 1999-11-10
Granted: 2003-08-15
Abstract: A method of packing a chromatography column (101) with a chromatography media (104) from a vessel (102) in which the chromatography media (104) is pumped into the chromatography column (101) to pack the column and excess fluid from the chromatography column during packing is returned to the vessel (102) to dilute the chromatography media.
Patent AT-E253689-T1 (AT)
Inventor: CUCINI DOMINIQUE
IPC: F04D1/06
Filed: 1999-12-21
Granted: 2003-11-15
Abstract: The invention concerns a device comprising a sealed body (2) and at least a wheel (10) mounted rotating in the sealed body (2), about a fixed axis of rotation (3) comprising at least a fluid intake (4) in its central part and a plurality of channels (13) circulating the fluid in a substantially radial direction between the central fluid intake (4) and the wheel (10) periphery, and an electric motor driving the wheel. The motor rotor is integral with the wheel (10) and arranged opposite at least one stator (17) element fixed in the body (2) of the device (1). The wheel (10) bears, on at least a lateral surface opposite a part of the sealed body (2), at least a magnetic element (18c) located opposite a corresponding magnetic element (18a, 18b) integral with the sealed body (2) to form an axial magnetic stop. The invention is applicable in particular to a motor pump or a motor compressor for a toxic fluid.
Patent AT-E223516-T1 (AT)
Inventor: KOENIG UDO
IPC: B23B27/00
Filed: 1999-11-30
Granted: 2002-09-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a tool, especially a cutting insert for cutting metallic materials, consisting of a hard metal, cermet, ceramic or steel base body and at least one coating deposited thereon. This single coating or in the event that there are several layers, the outer layer or the layer below the outer layer, consists essentially of molybdenum sulphide. The invention also relates to a method for producing the molybdenum sulphide coating by chemical vapour deposition. According to the invention, the molybdenum sulphide coating contains a mixture of the sulphide phases MoS2 and Mo2S3 with an essentially random orientation (isotropic orientation) of the phase crystals. The coating is applied by means of a chemical vapour deposition procedure.
Patent AT-E326123-T1 (AT)
Inventor: SOFFER YARON
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 1999-10-28
Granted: 2006-06-15
Abstract: A VSAT telecommunications system including a satellite, first and second VSAT terminals, and a hub communicating via the satellite with the first and second VSAT terminals, the transmissions from the hub are generally continuous, while transmissions from the VSAT terminals are generally in bursts, and the at least one first VSAT terminal has the capability of receiving transmissions from the hub but lacks the capability of receiving transmissions from another VSAT terminal, and the at least one second VSAT terminal has the capability of receiving transmissions from the hub and also has the capability of receiving transmissions from another VSAT terminal.
Patent DE-02744011-T1 (DE)
Title: Baukonstruktion, verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung der baukonstruktion
Inventor: GRAEVENITZ ALEXANDR ALEXANDROV
IPC: B28B21/64
Filed: 2002-06-07
Abstract: Verfahren
zur Herstellung einer Baustruktur aus einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung und
Fasern, umfassend das Auftragen mindestens einer Schicht aus einer
aushärtbaren
Zusammensetzung und einer Schicht aus Fasern auf einen drehbaren
Dorn, wobei die oben genannten Schritte wiederholt werden während die
aufeinander folgenden Schichten aufgetragen werden, das Endprodukt
getrocknet und von dem Dorn abgenommen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Fasern auf ein vorgefertigtes, zellenförmiges Gewebe über die
Höhe des
Dorns aufgetragen werden, wobei die aushärtbare Zusammensetzung senkrecht
zur Auftragungsrichtung der Fasern aufgetragen wird.
Patent DE-06707582-T1 (DE)
Title: Fotovoltaische zelle mit dickem siliziumoxid und siliziumnitridpassivierung und herstellungsverfahren
Inventor: AGOSTINELLI GUIDO
IPC: H01L31/18
Filed: 2006-03-16
Abstract: Verfahren
zum Herrstellen einer photovoltaischen Vorrichtung mit:  i.
Bereitstellen eines Halbleitersubstrats mit einer vorderen Hauptoberfläche zum
Sammeln einfallenden Lichts und einer hinteren Oberfläche, welche
der vorderen Hauptoberfläche
gegenüberliegt,  ii.
Abscheiden einer dielektrischen Schicht oder einer Halbleiterschicht
mit einer breiten Bandlücke
auf der hinteren Oberfläche,
wobei die dielektrische Schicht eine Dicke größer als 100 nm aufweist,  iii.
Abschieden einer Passivierungsschicht mit hydrogeniertem SiN auf
der Oberseite der dielektrischen Schicht oder der Halbleiterschicht
mit breiter Bandlücke,
und  iv. Bilden von Rückseitenkontakten
durch die dielektrische Schicht oder Halbleiterschicht mit breiter
Bandlücke
und die Passivierungsschicht.
Patent DE-11805853-T1 (DE)
Title: Konservierung von biomasse mit polysaccharid und verfahren zur extraktion von polysaccharid aus konservierter biomasse
Inventor: TRUDSOE JENS ESKIL
IPC: A23L3/349
Filed: 2011-12-23
Abstract: Ein Verfahren zum Konservieren von Polysaccharid beinhaltendem Biomassematerial, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes beinhaltet: In-Kontakt-Bringen des Biomassematerials mit einer konservierenden Zusammensetzung, die Alkohol beinhaltet, um ein konserviertes Biomassematerial zu bilden; und Aufbewahren des konservierten Biomassematerials über mindestens 24 Stunden.
Patent DE-20719682-T1 (DE)
Title: Aluminiumlegierungsband zur herstellung gelöteter wärmetauscher
Inventor: PEGUET LIONEL
IPC: F28F21/08
Filed: 2020-02-27
Abstract: Band zur Herstellung von gelöteten Wärmetauschern, mit einem Kern aus einer Aluminiumlegierung mit der Zusammensetzung (Massen-%):Si: 0,10 - 0,30 %, vorzugsweise 0,15 - 0,25 %Fe < 0,20 %Cu: 0,75 -1,05 %, vorzugsweise 0,75 - 1,02 %, noch bevorzugter 0,75-1,0 %Mn: 1,2 - 1,7 %, vorzugsweise 1,2 - 1,55 %, noch bevorzugter 1,25 - 1,4 %Mg < 0,03 % vorzugsweise < 0,025 %, noch bevorzugter < 0,015 %Zn < 0,1 %Ti < 0,15 %weitere Elemente jeweils < 0,05 % und insgesamt < 0,15 %,Rest Aluminium.
Patent DE-60160-T1 (DE)
IPC: G01N21/89
Filed: 1982-02-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for checking flat transparent surfaces permitting the discrimination between the flaw in the matter and dirt which has been deposited on the surface but does not affect the flatness or the transparency of the sheet. The apparatus includes a photosensitive captor located above the sheet to be checked. The captor is arranged at the limits of a fuzzy real image which an optical system gives in the plane of this captor of a light source located below the sheet. In this way, a flaw causes the excitation of the captor at a level higher than the normal light threshold of the fuzzy image because of refraction caused by the flaw in the matter. In contrast, the presence of dirt will cause, through occultation, an excitation lower than the normal light threshold thereby enabling differentiation between the flaw and the dirt. The apparatus further includes an electronic assembly for analyzing the signals provided by the captor for driving a device for marking the surface bearing a flaw at the exact spot where the flaw is located. The present invention may be used for checking glass sheets during their manufacturing in continuous or cut out glass sheets for example.
Patent DE-1073770-T1 (DE)
Inventor: CAHILL DOLORES
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1999-04-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the identification and/or characterization of clones conferring a desired biological property from an expression library. The method of the invention comprises the step of analyzing for the expression of at least one (poly)peptide, such as a tag expressed as a fusion protein, together with a recombinant insert of a clone of said expression library, wherein the clones of said expression library are arranged in arrayed form. Said (poly)peptide may be fused N-terminally or C-terminally to said insert. The method of the invention further comprises the steps of contacting a ligand specifically interacting with a (poly)peptide expressed by the insert of a clone conferring said desired biological property with a first replica of said library of clones in arrayed form and analyzing said library of clones for the occurrence of an interaction, and/or carrying out a hybridization or an oligonucleotide fingerprint with a nucleic acid probe specific for the insert of a clone conferring said desired biological property with a second replica of said library of clones arranged in arrayed form and analyzing said library of clones for the occurrence of a specific hybridization. Finally, the method of the invention requires the identification of clones wherein an expression of the at least one (poly)peptide in step (a) and/or an interaction in step (b) and/or a hybridization or an oligonucleotide fingerprint in step (c) can be detected. The present invention also relates to a kit useful for carrying out the method of the invention.
Patent ES-2195801-T1 (ES)
Inventor: MCGILL GARY SHANE
IPC: A23G9/28
Filed: 1993-12-16
Abstract: Viscous or semi-solid food is dispensed by sealing a portion of it into a correspondingly sized container (10), which has a deformable part (17,18), and supporting (25) the container while a plunger (29) deforms the container part (17,18) so as to discharge the food through an outlet (22) to a suitable sized receptacle (12) below the outlet. Also claimed is a deformable container having an outlet for dispensing viscous or semi-solid foods. Also claimed is a system for dispensing such foods, having a deformable container and a drive for a plunger engageable with the container to deform it and discharge the food.
Patent ES-2288812-T1 (ES)
Inventor: MARTIN GOMEZ SANTIAGO
IPC: A23N12/02
Filed: 2007-02-12
Abstract: The machine has a drum (2) with several brushes/rollers (3) laid on an imaginary almost semi-cylindrical surface, with a top opening, being subjected to an alternate swinging movement / pendulum action over its axel (4). This way, the gap remaining between the brushes/rollers (3) is always upward orientated but with a different inclination in one or another direction, for which a motor or another driving element, through a proper transmission, provides the axel (4) with an angular and alternate movement of 0° to 180° or more according to the need, with the peculiarity that each brush/roller is driven independently by its own motor (5). This way the typical belts or transmission chains are eliminated, the number of brushes/rollers is less, increasing this way their operative surface, the power consumption of the machine is reduced and the rollers-brushes can revolve in the same or different direction with the possibility of changing this.
Patent ES-2668850-T1 (ES)
Title: Novedoso sistema de compresión para el tratamiento y la prevención de enfermedades venosas
Inventor: LECOMTE SERGE
IPC: A61F13/08
Filed: 2007-03-23
Abstract: Sistema de compresión bicapa caracterizado por que comprende: - una primera capa de compresión que consta de una banda elástica unida en toda su superficie a una capa absorbente y que presenta una remanencia a la elongación en la colocación inferior al 10 %; - una segunda capa de compresión que consta de una banda elástica autoadhesiva que presenta una remanencia a la elongación en la colocación inferior al 10 %; estando comprendido el diferencial de presión del sistema de compresión entre 10 y 40 mm de mercurio.
Patent ES-2708704-T1 (ES)
Title: Productos y usos de los mismos
Inventor: HOFIUS HENNING
IPC: C08L23/08
Filed: 2017-05-15
Abstract: Un producto de alúmina que tiene un componente de tamaño de partícula fino y un componente de tamaño de partícula grueso, en donde: el componente de tamaño de partícula fino tiene un tamaño de partícula d50 en un intervalo de aproximadamente 0,3 a aproximadamente 6 μm; el componente de tamaño de partícula grueso tiene un tamaño de partícula d50 en un intervalo de aproximadamente 7 a aproximadamente 35 μm, y se caracteriza por una relación de aspecto promedio en un intervalo de aproximadamente 1,5 a aproximadamente 30; y la cantidad del componente de tamaño de partícula fino en el producto de alúmina es de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 90% en peso, basado en el peso total del componente de tamaño de partícula fino y el componente de tamaño de partícula grueso.
Patent ES-2082740-T1 (ES)
Title: Producto para el cuidado del cabello.
Inventor: KELLER WALTER
IPC: A61K8/81
Filed: 1995-01-25
Abstract: EL OBJETIVO DE LA INVENCION ES UN AGENTE DE CUIDADO DEL CABELLO SOBRE UNA BASE ACUOSA O DE ALCOHOL ACUOSO QUE NO NECESITA SER ACLARADO, CONTENIENDO: (A) 0,5 HASTA 2,5 % EN PESO DE UNA MEZCLA A BASE 87 % EN PESO DE POLISILOXANO DIMETILO CICLICO DE LA FORMULA GENERAL (I), DONDE N SIGNIFICA 4 HASTA 6, Y 13 % EN PESO DE ALFA-HIDROXI, OMEGA-HIDROXIPOLI[OXI(DIMETIL SILILENO)], (B) 0,25 HASTA 1,25 % EN PESO DE UN SILOXANO POLIDIMETILO DICUATERNARIO, (C) 0,10 HASTA 0,50 % EN PESO AL MENOS DE UN POLIMERO CATIONICO, QUE NO ES NINGUN POLIMERO DE SILICONA, (D) 0,05 HASTA 0,50 % EN PESO AL MENOS DE UN SURFACTANTE CATIONICO Y (E) 0,10 HASTA 5,00 % EN PESO DE PIRROLIDONA POLIVINILO Y/O PIRROLIDONA POLIVINILO/COPOLIMERO DE ACETATO DE VINILO, Y LIBRE DE SURFACTANTES ANIONICOS.
Patent CY-1107063-T1 (CY)
Title: Μια συσκευη χορηγησης για εναν αυτο-διαστελλομενο ενδοαυλικο ναρθηκα
Inventor: DWYER CLIFFORD
IPC: A61F2/06
Filed: 2007-07-24
Abstract: Σύμφωνα με την παρούσα εφεύρεση, παρέχεται μία συσκευή χορήγησης για έναν αυτο-διαστελλόμενο ενδοαυλικό νάρθηκα. Η συσκευή έχει ένα εξωτερικό περίβλημα σχηματίζον ένα επίμηκες σωληνωτό μέλος έχον απόμακρα και κοντινά άκρα και μίαν εσωτερική και εξωτερική διάμετρο. Η συσκευή περιλαμβάνει επίσης έναν εσωτερικό άξονα τοποθετημένο ομοκεντρικώς εντός του εξωτερικού περιβλήματος. Ο εσωτερικός άξονας έχει ένα απόμακρο άκρο, ένα κοντινό άκρο και έναν διαμήκη άξονα εκτεινόμενο ενδιάμεσα. Τουλάχιστον ένα τμήμα του εσωτερικού άξονα είναι κατασκευασμένο από ένα εύκαμπτο σπειροειδές μέλος. Ο άξονας περιλαμβάνει κατά προτίμηση έναν αναστολέα προσαρτημένο σ' αυτόν, ο αναστολέας ευρισκόμενος κλειστά στο απόμακρο άκρο του περιβλήματος. Τελικά, η συσκευή περιλαμβάνει έναν αυτο-διαστελλόμενο ενδοαυλικό νάρθηκα τοποθετημένο εντός του εξωτερικού περιβλήματος, όπου ο ενδοαυλικός νάρθηκας κάνει επαφή τριβής με το εξωτερικό περίβλημα και ο άξονας διάκειται ομοκεντρικώς εντός ενός αυλού του ενδοαυλικού νάρθηκα. Κατά τη χρησιμοποίηση του ενδοαυλικού νάρθηκα, ο ενδοαυλικός νάρθηκας κάνει επαφή με τον αναστολέα.
Patent CY-1108597-T1 (CY)
Title: Συνθεσεις που περιεχουν παραγοντα συνδεσης υποδοχεα οχ-40 ή νουκλεϊνικο οξυ που κωδικοποιει αυτον και μεθοδοι για αυξηση της αντιγονου-ειδικης ανοσοαποκρισης
Inventor: WEINBERG ANDREW D
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 2008-11-26
Abstract: Αποκαλύπτονται συνθέσεις και μέθοδοι για αύξηση της ανοσοαπόκρισης ενός θηλαστικού προς ένα αντιγόνο με δέσμευση του ΟΧ-40 υποδοχέα επί της επιφάνειας των Τ-κυττάρων, που περιλαμβάνουν χορήγηση σε ένα θηλαστικό μιας σύνθεσης που περιλαμβάνει καθαρισμένο παράγοντα σύνδεσης υποδοχέα ΟΧ-40 και φαρμακευτικώς αποδεκτό φορέα, όπου η εν λόγω σύνθεση χορηγείται στο θηλαστικό, έτσι ώστε ο παράγων σύνδεσης υποδοχέα ΟΧ-40 εμφανίζεται στα Τ-κύτταρα του θηλαστικού κατά τη διάρκεια ή βραχέως μετά την ενεργοποίηση των Τ-κυττάρων από το αντιγόνο. Τέτοιες συνθέσεις και μέθοδοι μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην ανοσοποίηση και τη θεραπευτική αγωγή καρκίνου.
Patent CY-1108643-T1 (CY)
Inventor: FRY DENNIS G
IPC: C07K14/72
Filed: 2008-12-10
Abstract: The subject invention relates to a novel cell line, referred to as T42402I3.4.2, and to uses of this cell line. For example, the cell line may be used in the production of recombinant melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor protein and in the identification of antagonists, inverse agonists and agonists to the receptor.
Patent CY-1109436-T1 (CY)
Title: Τροποποιηση της συνθεσης λιπαρων οξεων σε φυτα με εκφραση aspergillus nidulans delta-9 coa δεσατουρασης
Inventor: FOLKERTS OTTO
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 2009-09-28
Abstract: Απομονώθηκαν γονίδια που κωδικοποιούν παλμιτική Δ-9 δεσατουράση από Aspergillus nidulans. Οι πρωτεΐνες που κωδικοποιούνται από τα εν λόγω γονίδια μπορούν, όταν εκφράζονται σε ένα φυτό, να μεταβάλλουν τα επίπεδα των κορεσμένων λιπαρών του ελαίου.
Patent CY-1111530-T1 (CY)
Title: Κρυσταλλικες μορφες υδροχλωριδιου (-)-(1r,2r)-3-(3-διμεθυλαμινο-1-αιθυλο-2-μεθυλοπροπυλο)-φαινολης για τη χρηση σαν ενεργο συστατικο σε φαρμακευτικες συνθεσεις
Inventor: FISCHER ANDREAS
IPC: C07C215/54
Filed: 2011-02-16
Abstract: Η εφεύρεση αυτή αφορά μία νέα κρυσταλλική μορφή υδροχλωριδίου (-)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-διμεθυλαμινο-1-αιθυλο-2-μεθυλοπροπυλο)-φαινόλης, μεθόδους για την παρασκευή της, μεθόδους για τη χρήση της και φαρμακευτικές συνθέσεις που την περιέχουν.
Patent CY-1112115-T1 (CY)
Title: Παραγωγα φαινοξυοξικου οξεος χρησιμα για τη θεραπευτικη αντιμετωπιση ασθενειων του αναπνευστικου
Inventor: BONNERT ROGER VICTOR
IPC: C07D333/24
Filed: 2011-09-15
Abstract: Η εφεύρεση αναφέρεται σε υποκατεστημένα φαινοξυοξικά οξέα ως χρήσιμες φαρμακευτικές ενώσεις για τη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση δυσλειτουργιών του αναπνευστικού, σε φαρμακευτικές ενώσεις που τα περιέχουν και διαδικασίες για την παρασκευή τους. Τύπος (I).