baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CH-712019-B1 (CH)
Title: Verfahren und Anlage zu dessen Durchführung, zum industriellen Anbauen, Ziehen, Ernten, Waschen, Verpacken, Etikettieren und Kühllagern von Pflanzen, insbesondere von Salaten, Gemüsen oder Feldfrüchten.
Inventor: BERNHARD SCHNEITER
IPC: A01G9/00
Filed: 2016-07-15
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum industriellen Anbauen, Ziehen, Ernten, Waschen, Verpacken, Etikettieren und Kühllagern von Pflanzen, insbesondere von Salaten, Gemüsen oder Feldfrüchten aller Art. Die Anlage schliesst ein Gebäude ein, mit einem gesonderten Kultivationsraum (10) mit Fördermitteln in Form von zylindrischen Rollen, auf welchen je eine Reihe von Pflanzenbehältern (1) einheitlicher Grösse auf hier drei Etagen (A, B, C) langsam über eine Kultivationsperiode der Pflanzen hinweg über die Länge des Kultivationsraums (10) hin förderbar ist. Auf jeder Etage gibt es drei bis vier Ebenen mit Pflanzenbehältern von je 2 m x 1 m Grösse und 40 cm Tiefe. Es sind 25 Bahnen aus je einer Doppelreihe angeordnet, getrennt durch begehbare Laufstege (7) von ca. 80 cm Breite. Oberhalb der jeweiligen Pflanzenbehälter (1) ist eine Sprinkleranlage installiert sowie Heiz- und Beleuchtungsmittel zur Beheizung und Beleuchtung der Pflanzen. Um den Kultivationsraum (10) herum sind weitere Räume für das Setzen, Ernten, Waschen, Trocknen, Verpacken, Kühllagern der Pflanzen sowie für das Rezyklieren des Humus für eine neue Kultivationsperiode angegliedert.
Patent DE-2437000-B1 (DE)
Title: Washer and wiper switch for motor vehicles - has two wiper positions and interval position with independent washer operating mechanism
IPC: B60S1/46
Filed: 1974-08-01
Abstract: The design incorporates an interval position as well as two different wiper speed positions, whilst operation of the washer contact without affecting the wiper switch is also facilitated. The switch is enclosed in a cap that can be rotated or pushed in and out and is fixed on a lever. The switching mechanism has a spring contact operating against a b ridge plate that is fixed to the switch lever. The head of the switch has two sections. The lower part moves in and out but cannot be turned on the lever. The upper part turns on the lower part. There is a switch inside the contact carrier with a follower that moves when the switch head is turned. This switch has a circular contact bridge with sprung contact elements and also a second sprung contact bridge for the end position switch.
Patent DE-2524140-B1 (DE)
Title: Stemming cartridge for damping explosive cartridges - has stiffened neck and insert for compressing filling in plastics case
Inventor: LEPPAK WILHELM
IPC: F42D1/20
Filed: 1975-05-30
Abstract: The stemming cartridge made of plastics is used for damping explosive charges in boreholes. At one end of the cartridge is situated a filling neck which closed with paste after filling. The end of the cartridge which holds the neck shaped insert (2) of the cartridge case (1) is thickned for reinforcement. The insert has a closing plug or closed end (3) and thick walls. This cartridge cane can be charged with excess pressure. This is ensured by the closing plug which can be held by screw connection or by push ing in so that excess pressure is generated on applying the plug and due to low flexibility of the cartridge case made from plastics.
Patent DE-2846067-B1 (DE)
IPC: B60T13/12
Filed: 1978-10-23
Abstract: 1. Hydraulic brake system for tractors, comprising an independent brake circuit with a main brake cylinder (2) and a brake pipe (3) for the tractor brakes (4), and a trailer brake circuit supplied by the hydraulic system of the tractor, the pressure pipe (15) of said trailer brake circuit leading to the trailer brakes being supplied via a brake valve (14) which is coupled to the brake pedal (1) of the tractor, characterized in that an additional brake cylinder (5) is connected in parallel with the brake pipe (3) supplied by the main brake cylinder (2) of the tractor, the piston (6) of said additional brake cylinder being loaded at its front side via a check valve (7) by the pressure in the brake pipe (3) and at its back side by a servo cylinder (10) supplied by the pressure pipe (15), with the return flow to the brake pipe (3) being effected via the cylinder part of the brake cylinder (5) facing the piston front side, and with said cylinder part being connected to the brake pipe (3) via a return flow pipe (11) which is closed by the piston during braking operation.
Patent ES-2035763-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de humificacion zootecnica de residuos organicos.
IPC: C05F17/00
Filed: 1990-11-07
Granted: 1994-01-01
Abstract: PROCEDIMIENTO DE HUMIFICACION ZOOTECNICA DE RESIDUOS ORGANICOS, QUE SE REALIZA POR METODOS AEROBIOS UTILIZANDO LOMBRICUS, PREFERENTEMENTE LOMBRICUS RUBELLUS. LAS LOMBRICES SE DEPOSITAN SOBRE LOS LECHOS DE LOS RESIDUOS DE FORMA QUE, A TRAVES DE SU METABOLISMO, SE PRODUCEN SUSTANCIAS HUMICAS QUE SALEN AL EXTERIOR CON SUS EXCREMENTOS. LOS RESIDUOS A LOS QUE SE PUEDE APLICAR EL PROCESO SON RESIDUOS VEGETALES O ANIMALES, RESIDUOS INDUSTRIALES O SEMIINDUSTRIALES QUE CONTENGAN MATERIA ORGANICA, COMO ALPECHINES, ORUJOS, BAGAZO, ETC. EL PROCESO SE LLEVA A CABO EN CONDICIONES CONTROLADAS DE OXIGENACION, PH, TEMPERATURA, HUMEDAD, INSOLACION, ETC. ES NECESARIA UNA ESTRATIFICACION DE LOS RESIDUOS, LOMBRICES Y EXCREMENTOS DE FORMA QUE PERMITA UNA POSTERIOR SEPARACION DE LOS ESTRATOS, PARA PODER RECICLAR LAS LOMBRICES Y APROVECHAMIENTO Y USO DE LAS SUSTANCIAS HUMICAS OBTENIDAS. EL PROCESO SE PUEDE USAR PARA OBTENER ABONOS ORGANICOS, ORGANOMINERALES, SOLIDOS O LIQUIDOS, Y PRODUCTOS PARA ALIMENTACION ANIMALO HUMANA, FARMACIA, PRODUCTOS PARA LA REGENERACION DE SUELOS DE CULTIVO, ETC.
Patent ES-2046130-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema para la tarificacion y cobro de suministros domiciliarios a traves de instalaciones permanentes.
IPC: G01D4/00
Filed: 1992-06-16
Granted: 1997-06-16
Abstract: SISTEMA PARA LA TARIFICACION Y COBRO DE SUMINISTROS DOMICILIARIOS A TRAVES DE INSTALACIONES PERMANENTES. SE BASA EN LA UTILIZACION DE TARJETAS (4), A MODO DE BONOS DE CREDITO ADQUIRIBLES POR LOS USUARIOS EN CUALQUIER ESTABLECIMIENTO APROPIADO, ACOPLANDO AL CONTADOR (2) DE LA INSTALACION A CONTROLAR, UN EQUIPO ELECTRONICO (3) QUE RECIBE PERMANENTEMENTE INFORMACION DEL CITADO CONTADOR (2) Y QUE EFECTUA DEDUCCIONES EN EL CREDITO DE LA TARJETA (4), ACORDES CON EL CONSUMO PRODUCIDO, CONTROLANDO ESTE EQUIPO ELECTRONICO (3) UNA ELECTROVALVULA (5) O ELEMENTO DE CORTE SIMILAR, QUE INTERRUMPE LA ALIMENTACION CUANDO SE AGOTA EL CREDITO DE LA TARJETA (4) O EN AUSENCIA DE DICHA TARJETA.
Patent ES-2070718-B1 (ES)
Title: Un sistema para la estabilizacion transversal de los ejes con ruedas fijas en los vehiculos ferroviarios.
IPC: B60B17/00
Filed: 1993-03-16
Granted: 1998-03-16
Abstract: EL OBJETO DE ESTA INNOVACION HA SIDO LOGRAR LA DESAPARICION RADICAL DEL ACTUAL MOVIMIENTO DE VAIVEN DE LOS TRENES CONVENCIONALES, MOVIMIENTO QUE ES DEBIDO A LA INEVITABLE PRESENCIA DEL JUEGO DE VIA Y QUE DA LUGAR A QUE LOS EJES DE LOS VEHICULOS FERROVIARIOS SEAN DINAMICAMENTE INESTABLES AL OSCILAR TRANSVERSALMENTE A LA VIA. LA SOLUCION ADOPTADA HACE AÑOS DE EQUIPAR LOS EJES CON LLANTAS TRONCOCONICAS NO HA CONSEGUIDO RESOLVER EL PROBLEMA ESTA INNOVACION HA PARTIDO DE LA SITUACION INICIAL, LLANTAS TRONCOCONICAS Y CARRILES INCLINADOS HACIA EL EJE DE LA VIA, COMO CONDICIONANTES INALTERABLES DE CUALQUIER SOLUCION A ADOPTAR. DE IGUAL FORMA SE HA PARTIDO DE LA EXISTENCIA INELUDIBLE DEL JUEGO DE VIA. LA SOLUCION CONSISTE UNICAMENTE EN ESTABLECER UN TORNEADO DIFERENCIAL ENTRE AMBAS LLANTAS DE UN MISMO EJE DE CUANTIA NECESARIA PARA QUE, CON LA PESTAÑA DE LA LLANTA MENOR ADOSADA AL CARRIL, RESULTEN CIRCULOS DE RODADURA EXACTAMENTE IGUALES.CON ESTE DISEÑO LOS EJES DE LOS VEHICULOS PERMANECEN CONSTANTEMENTE ESTABILIZADOS CON UNA DE SUS DOS PESTAÑAS EN PERMANENTE CONTACTO CON EL CARRIL SIN PRESION LATERAL SIGNIFICATIVA.
Patent ES-2112783-B1 (ES)
Title: Mejoras introducidas en la patente de invencion n-9102460 concedida el 27 de enero de 1.995 por: composicion para matear y deslustrar objetos de vidrio, metal y similares.
Inventor: MATEO BUISAN MANUEL
IPC: C03C15/00
Filed: 1996-01-30
Granted: 1999-05-16
Abstract: MEJORAS INTRODUCIDAS EN LA PATENTE DE INVENCION NUMERO 9102460 CONCEDIDA EL 27 DE ENERO DE 1995 POR: "COMPOSICION PARA MATEAR Y DESLUCIR OBJETOS DE VIDRIO, METALES Y SIMILARES", QUE COMPRENDEN UTILIZAR EN TANTO POR CIENTO EN PESO: - ACIDO CLORHIDRICO 40% - BIFLORURO AMONICO 59% - DIATOMEAS 0,8% - CARBONATO POTASICO 0,2%
Patent ES-2163963-B1 (ES)
Title: Anode for electrolytic aluminum production
Inventor: DUARTE DE CARVALHO JOSE RICARD
IPC: C25C3/06
Filed: 1999-02-17
Granted: 2003-04-01
Abstract: An electrolytic aluminum production anode contains sugar cane molasses as binder. Independent claims are also included for: (i) production of the above anode by mixing ground and screened petroleum coke and anode residual stubs with sugar cane molasses and heating at 100-250[deg]C; and (ii) an aluminum production process in which the above anode or an anode made by the above method is used in an electrolytic reduction cell.
Patent ES-2162583-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de conservacion de macedonia de frutas.
Inventor: SANZ MARTINEZ PEDRO DIMAS
IPC: A23B7/08
Filed: 1999-11-08
Granted: 2003-04-01
Abstract: Procedimiento de conservación de macedonia de frutas. El objeto de la invención es aplicar la alta presión a producto troceado de frutas. El procedimiento es el siguiente: las frutas se lavan, pelan y trocean, a continuación se sumergen en una solución azucarada a la que se añade ácido ascórbico, como antioxidante natural. Se llenan recipientes de plástico con la mezcla de fruta y solución, y se cierran herméticamente. A continuación, se someten a la presión de 400 MPa durante 30 min. a 5ºC. La temperatura de 5ºC es importante ya que las cualidades sensoriales de las frutas se mantienen mejor. Una vez tratadas las muestras se conservan refrigeradas (5ºC), durante varias semanas.
Patent FR-2803466-B1 (FR)
Inventor: LEMOINE MAURICE
IPC: H04J3/06
Filed: 2000-01-03
Granted: 2003-07-04
Abstract: The packets received contain each encoding data of a real time signal and an information dating the packet associated with a clock sampling the signal. The reception device comprises an interface (8) recording a work queue of signal samples obtained from the received packets asynchronously, scheduled in accordance with dating data contained in the packets, means for transferring samples (12) forming, at the local clock rhythm, a flow of synchronous samples ( phi ') representing the real time signal, successively transferred from the work queue, and regulating means (10) controlling the transfer means so as to limit variations in the number of samples in the work queue, by inserting or eliminating individual samples or small groups of samples in the work queue depending on the evolution of the number of recorded samples during periods defined relative to the local clock.
Patent FR-2807003-B1 (FR)
Inventor: CAMPAGNOLO VALENTINO
IPC: G06F19/00
Filed: 2001-03-28
Granted: 2006-02-03
Abstract: An electronic control system for cycles, for use with a set of sensors, a set of actuators, and a set of control members associated to a cycle. The system having a first processor unit for processing and displaying information; a second processor unit for communication and for interfacing with said set of control members; and a third processor unit for interfacing with said set of sensors and said set of actuators. The first processor unit, the second processor unit, and the third processor unit are connected together via asynchronous bi-directional communication channels.
Patent FR-2833922-B1 (FR)
Inventor: THOMAS PIERRE ARMAND
IPC: B63B9/06
Filed: 2001-12-24
Granted: 2004-02-06
Abstract: Lifting units (30) designed to work from the seabed are fixed to the ends of the hanging equipment (10) and then applied to the seabed. The lifting units lift the equipment to allow the vessel hull to pass underneath and engage in the space defined between the lifting units. The equipment is lowered onto the hull, the lifting units dismounted, and the equipment is connected to the hull of the vessel  The equipment is installed on a barge before the lifting units are applied to the seabed, the equipment and the barge are separated during the lifting operation and the barge is then removed. A number of skate assemblies are fixed at the points where the lifting units press on the seabed, with surfaces guiding the hull laterally. A number of stiffeners (16A, 16B, 16C, 16D, 18A, 18B, 18C) are fixed to the equipment before lifting to form a rigid structure between the lifting units at least during the lifting and lowering of the equipment, and these stiffeners are removed to give the equipment the necessary flexibility after it has been placed on the vessel hull. Each lifting unit has a leg with a rack which is designed to press on the seabed and a device for guiding and driving the leg mounted to move on the equipment. This device includes at least one pinion engaged with the rack and a reduction motor driving the pinion to move the leg relative to the guiding and driving device. An Independent claim is also included for equipment to carry out the above process, comprising equipment to be mounted on the vessel hull; lifting units; and devices for temporarily connecting the lifting units to the equipment at each end with a gap which allows the vessel to pass between the lifting units.
Patent FR-2842724-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MAZDA KEYVAN
IPC: A61B17/70
Filed: 2002-07-23
Granted: 2005-05-27
Abstract: The fixing system to be installed on a vertebra of the spinal column in order to connect it to a rod (10) comprises a connection piece (12) located opposite the rib. A link (42) connects the connection piece and a rib. Adjustable locking means (36) integral with the connection piece are able to simultaneously hold in a fixed position the connection piece relative to the rod and a portion of the link relative to the connection piece so as to lock the relative movement of the rod and the vertebra in opposite directions to each other.
Patent FR-2846957-B1 (FR)
Inventor: COMBETTE PHILIPPE
IPC: C40B40/18
Filed: 2002-11-13
Granted: 2005-09-30
Abstract: The technique to charge a micro-system (1) with particles uses a reservoir (3) with a cavity (4) containing a number of barriers (5), as vertical columns in a regular bi-dimensional layout. The particles can be arranged and stacked in the gaps between the barriers. A cover (7) gives a hermetic seal to the reservoir. The assembly is fitted with an inflow (8) and an outflow (9) to give a fluid circulation through the cavity.
Patent FR-2868558-B1 (FR)
Inventor: DIMARCQ NOEL CHARLES
IPC: G04F5/14
Filed: 2004-03-30
Granted: 2006-06-30
Abstract: Method for modulating an atomic clock signal and a corresponding atomic clock. The laser beams (L1, L2) are pulse-modulated in amplitude to illuminate (A) an interactive medium. A detection (B) of the current pulse (Sr) and of the pulses (Sr-1 to Sr-p) preceding said current impulsion is performed. The pulses are superimposed (C) by linear combination to generate a compensated atomic clock signal (SHC) whereof the spectral width is minimized. The invention is applicable to atomic clocks with pulsed interrogation whereof the interactive medium consists of thermal or laser-cooled atoms.
Patent FR-2877272-B1 (FR)
Inventor: STCHOGOLEFF PAUL
IPC: B60J5/04
Filed: 2004-10-29
Granted: 2010-02-19
Abstract: The invention relates to a lateral door (2) pertaining to a motor vehicle and provided with a stowaway tray (3) which is mounted on the inner wall (4) of the door. Said lateral door is characterised in that the tray is articulated on the inner door about an essentially horizontal axis (6) contained in the plane of the inner wall, in such a way that it can be displaced between a position of use in which it extends essentially horizontally, and a folded-away position in which it is pushed against the inner wall of the door. The invention also relates to a utility vehicle provided with one such door.
Patent FR-2862755-B1 (FR)
Inventor: BABA HIRONOBU
IPC: G01L9/00
Filed: 2004-11-24
Granted: 2006-12-15
Abstract: The sensor has a sensing portion for detecting a pressure. A pressure introduction portion (12b, 13b) is fitted to a measured unit (200) via a seal ring (130) to introduce a pressure from the measured unit into the sensing portion. A ring-like groove (140) accommodating the ring is formed in a fitting surface of the introduction portion. A part of the ring is pressed into the groove, and the ring is retained inside the groove.
Patent FR-2895031-B1 (FR)
Inventor: MALEK NADIM
IPC: F02M51/06
Filed: 2005-12-19
Granted: 2011-06-03
Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, particularly of inwards or outwards opening needle injector type, includes an injector body, e.g., forming a nozzle ending in an injection office, a mechanism for closing off the injection orifice of the injector body, the closing-off mechanism including a vibrating pintle ending in a head for closing off the injection orifice, a return mechanism returning the closing-off to the position in which they close off the injection orifice, and a mechanism for setting the pintle and/or the nozzle into cyclic longitudinal vibration so as to open and close the injection orifice alternately. The fuel injector includes a selectively activatable mechanism immobilizing the pintle with respect to the body.
Patent FR-2895327-B1 (FR)
Inventor: PRENEL FREDERIC
IPC: B60K35/00
Filed: 2005-12-22
Granted: 2009-06-05
Abstract: The sub-assembly has a steering shaft whose end is integrated with a steering wheel (4), and an opening (26) is arranged in an upper face (21) of an external envelope forming a cover (19). A revolution counter (23) has a case (28) integrated above the opening, where a rear edge (36) of the case is situated below and to the rear of a rear edge (35) of the opening for covering the opening. A space (34) is arranged between the rear edge of the case and the rear edge of the opening.
Patent FR-2934970-B1 (FR)
Inventor: NAJI SAID
IPC: B60H1/00
Filed: 2008-08-13
Granted: 2010-09-03
Abstract: The apparatus has a case (1) for housing an electric-drive cooling fan (2) and comprising a pipe (10). The pipe has a wall (50) for channeling an air flow (F) from an output of the electric-drive cooling fan in the case along a circulation direction. The wall has an obstruction unit (38) arranged, along an angle ranging between 30 and 150 degrees, with respect to the circulation direction of the air flow. The thickness of the obstruction unit ranges between 1 and 5 mm.
Patent FR-2967422-B1 (FR)
Inventor: GROUX DIDIER
IPC: B01J20/10
Filed: 2010-11-17
Granted: 2014-01-24
Abstract: Dry composition for cleaning or desalination compress and corresponding compress. Dry composition for a compress for cleaning or desalination of a material, such as stone polluted by particles at the surface or in the depth thereof, characterized in that the dry composition comprises between 20 and 35% by weight of a binder or of a mixture of binders, between 55 and 65% by weight of a filler or of a mixture of fillers and between 10 and 20% by weight of a mineral fibre or of a mixture of mineral fibres. Corresponding cleaning or desalination compress. Application to the cleaning or desalination of historic monuments.
Patent FR-2985147-B1 (FR)
Inventor: SALIBA ERIC
IPC: H04M1/72
Filed: 2011-12-23
Granted: 2014-01-03
Abstract: The system has sockets (3-1-3-n) for receiving mobile equipment (2) and including a monitoring module to monitor presence of the equipment. A management infrastructure in a secure area (4) includes an identification module, an authentication module, and equipment monitoring module. A placement proof module correlates the presence of the equipment in the socket, and registers placement/removal of the equipment. The equipment includes a socket detection module, a socket proximity monitoring module, and a backup module for sending placement/removal events of the equipment to the infrastructure. An independent claim is also included for a method for monitoring mobile equipment in association with a management infrastructure.
Patent FR-2971125-B1 (FR)
Inventor: COUNAS PASCAL DANIEL
IPC: A45C11/16
Filed: 2011-02-04
Granted: 2014-01-10
Abstract: The invention relates to a case (1600) for protecting valuable objects provided so as to be worn by a living being, including: a bottom portion (1604) and a lid portion (1602) defining at least one compartment (1606) for holding one or more objects to be protected therebetween, a means (1610) for closing the lid portion onto the bottom portion, and a so-called outer attachment means (1630) for attaching said case (1600) around a body part of a person, said case (1600) also including, on at least one of the outer walls of the bottom portion or of the lid portion, a so-called securing portion (1646), provided for securing or securely inserting said case (1600) onto a base provided for this purpose.
Patent FR-2978168-B1 (FR)
Inventor: PESTEL FABIEN
IPC: C23G1/00
Filed: 2011-09-13
Granted: 2013-08-23
Abstract: Device (1) for regulating a cleaning bath (B) for metal alloy parts (P) comprising: a bath (B) comprising surfactants (SDS, Tween80); a tank (2) in which the bath (B) is placed, this tank being intended to receive parts (P) to be cleaned. The regulating device (1) comprises: a system (3) for measuring physical parameters of the bath(B) that are representative of its capacity to form micelles with surfactants of the bath and oil present in the bath (B); a means (4) for metering surfactant into the bath (B) suitable for controlling the pouring of an amount of surfactant into the bath as a function: of measurements of physical parameters (K, pH, Sniv) measured by the measurement system; and of preestablished metering rules.
Patent FR-3022160-B1 (FR)
Title: Catalyseur a phase active de nickel comalaxee mesoporeux et macroporeux ayant un diametre median macroporeux compris entre 50 et 300 nm et son utilisation en hydrogenation
Inventor: BOUALLEG MALIKA
IPC: C07C5/10
Filed: 2014-06-13
Granted: 2021-05-07
Abstract: L'invention concerne un catalyseur comprenant une matrice oxyde majoritairement aluminique calcinée et une phase active comprenant du nickel, ladite phase active étant au moins en partie comalaxée au sein de ladite matrice oxyde majoritairement aluminique calcinée, la teneur en nickel étant comprise entre 5 et 65 % poids dudit élément par rapport à la masse totale du catalyseur, ladite phase active ne comprenant pas de métal du groupe VIB, les particules de nickel ayant un diamètre inférieur à 15 nm, ledit catalyseur ayant un diamètre médian mésoporeux compris entre 12 nm et 25 nm, un diamètre médian macroporeux compris entre 50 et 300 nm, un volume mésoporeux mesuré par porosimétrie au mercure supérieur ou égal à 0,40 mL/g et un volume poreux total mesuré par porosimétrie au mercure supérieur ou égal à 0,45 mL/g. L'invention concerne également le procédé de préparation dudit catalyseur et son utilisation dans un procédé d'hydrogénation.
Patent FR-3026738-B1 (FR)
Title: Procede de fabrication d'un element solide en materiau de type ceramique, apte a etre utilise notamment pour le stockage de la chaleur-element solide associe
Inventor: MEFFRE ANTOINE
IPC: C04B35/657
Filed: 2014-10-03
Granted: 2020-01-17
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément solide en matériau de type céramique, apte à être utilisé notamment pour le stockage de la chaleur. Selon l'invention, de manière caractéristique, - on réalise un mélange de base sous forme de poudre comprenant les composés suivants : SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na20 et K2O ; - on ajoute au moins un liquide ; - on met en forme le mélange obtenu après ajout de liquide à former un élément cru, solide ; - on fait éventuellement sécher ledit élément cru obtenu ; - on soumet ledit élément cru éventuellement séché à une température de cuisson sensiblement égale ou supérieure à 1110°c et sensiblement égale ou inférieure à 1200°C de manière à consolider ledit élément; et - on laisse ledit élément cuit refroidir jusqu'à la température ambiante.