baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1397641-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for use in manufacturing or  treating flat glass
IPC: C03B18/22
Filed: 1972-07-05
Abstract: 1397641 Flat glass formation or treatment GLAVERBEL 5 July 1972 [12 Oct 1971] 31484/72 Heading C1M In a process in which flat glass is formed or conditioned while being moved on a bath of molten material, the heat distribution above the bath is influenced by imparting a mixing action to the gases above at least one zone of the bath by directing a blast of gas of similar composition to the existing atmosphere above the bath into the tank containing the bath and across the entire width of the ribbon. Such a blast may derive from two series of longitudinal rows of gas ejectors 25-38 mounted on opposite side walls of the tank, each ejector comprising a diffuser 39-52 shaped so that discharge of gas from the ejector causes gases from the atmosphere to be drawn into the diffuser, mixed with the ejected gas and discharged from the front end of the diffuser. Two rows of ejectors may be provided on each side wall of the tank, the ejectors being operated so that at any one time only the two diagonally opposite rows of ejectors are operating, thus encouraging circulation of gas. Circulation of gas may also be achieved by utilizing a device consisting of an ejector at one position in the tank and a device for withdrawing gas at a second position. The apparatus may be used for forming a glass ribbon or chemically treating a ribbon. In the latter case glass in a semi-plastic state is introduced into a closed tank containing a bath of molten salt to chemically temper or colour the glass. Such a salt bath may contain in percentages by weight BaCl 2  40-60; NaCl 20-30; KCl 13-18; and SiCl 7-13.
Patent GB-961170-A (GB)
Title: Jigger type sifter for sifting green tea leaf or like commodities
IPC: B07B1/00
Filed: 1960-09-13
Abstract: 961,170. Sifting apparatus. H.C.ANDREWS. Sept. 13, 1960 [Sept. 19, 1959], No. 31506/60. Heading B2H. A jigging type sifter for tea leaf &c. has four arms 1 oscillatably mounted on shafts 2 carried upon supports 3, and one or more sifting trays 4, 5, which slope downwardly from their feed end, are mounted on the arms and are oscillated by a driving eccentric 6. In the described apparatus the mesh of the upper tray is greater than that of the lower one, and provides a separation into three tea leaf sizes. The trays may be as described in Specification 961,169, in which a framework of wire mesh is mounted under tension between end rods 8. As described the end rods 8 are mounted in adjustable bearing blocks in the arms 1. Specification 961,168 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1034740-A (GB)
Title: Improved phosphonitrilic chloride process
IPC: C01B21/097
Filed: 1963-08-09
Abstract: Cyclic trimeric and tetrameric phosphonitrilic chloride polymers are recovered by allowing thin films of a solution of the crude polymeric mixture in an inert solvent to pass over a surface heated at 120-260 DEG  C., causing the products to vaporize. Suitably, vaporization is effected under reduced pressure by passage down the inner walls of a metal cylinder, heated by steam or oil, and surrounded by a cooled cylinder enclosing a vacuum. The surface may be agitated by wiping, or fine sprays of the solution used.  High polymers are removed from the bottom, while the products, together with vaporized solvent leave at the top. These gases are condensed, and the solvent is removed by vacuum evaporation and condensed for re-use.  The solvent may be mono-, di-, or tri-chlorobenzene, benzyl chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, phosphorous oxychloride, tetrachloroethylene, or syn-tetra-chloroethane, preferably boiling at 100 DEG  C. or above. The crude mixture is obtained by agitating NH4Cl and PCl5 in the inert solvent under reflux in the presence of a catalyst, viz. anhydrous metal salt, e.g. CoCl2, AlCl3, MnCl2, CuCl2, SnCl4, MgCl2, ZnCl4, TiCl4. Impurities may be removed by means of an adsorbent used in fixed bed, or added to the same or different vessel under reflux, followed by filtration.  The adsorbent may be fuller's earth, charcoal, silica gel, acid treated clay, bone char or bauxite, and is used in amount from 0.1-5.0 parts per 50 parts liquor.  The temperature in both these steps is 100-150 DEG  C.
Patent GB-1321285-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing cellular polymeric materials from acrolein
IPC: C08F16/00
Filed: 1970-06-30
Abstract: 1321285 Acrolein tetramer DAICEL Ltd 30 June 1970 [1 July 1969] 31548/70 Heading C2C [Also in Division C3] Acrolein tetramer, i.e. (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran- 2 - methyl)3,4 - dihydro - 2H - pyran - 2 - carboxylate, is made by subjecting distilled acrolein dimer, i.e. 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxaldehyde, to a Tisehenko reaction e.g. treatment of the dimer with a solution of aluminium isopropoxide or isopropoxide butoxide in acrolein tetramer.
Patent GB-428382-A (GB)
Title: Rapid process of photography applicable in television and for other purposes
IPC: G03C5/26
Filed: 1933-11-13
Abstract: 428,382. Photography; television. GROVES, W. W., 30, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London.-(I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges. ; Frankfort-on-Main, Germany) Nov. 13, 1933, No. 31572. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, May 14, 1934.] [Class 98 (ii)] [See also Group XL] Comprises a rapid process of photography wherein the subject is recorded upon a silver halide gelatine emulsion layer so hardened that it has a melting-point of at least 35‹ C., and the exposed material is developed in a very short time, e.g. 3-30 seconds, in a developer having a temperature at least 40‹ C. The emulsion preferably has an increased content of halide with a low content of silver halide, and the layer is 5-8Á in thickness. Orthochromatic or panchromatic sensitization is preferable. Hardening may be effected by metal salts, e.g. chrome alum or potash alum, or aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde or dialdehydes such as glyoxal. To increase the hardening effect, the material is stored. Slight overexposure is preferred. Development is effected by the use of rapid developers, e.g. metolhydroquinone or amidol with a high alkali content, e.g. more than 50 grammes of potassium carbonate per litre, and a high content of bromide. The temperature of the developer is preferably 50-60‹ C., and substances such as benzotriazole, benzimidazole or nitrobenzimidazole may be added to the developer to increase clearness and contrast. After development an acidified chrome alum stop bath may be used or the layer may be immediately fixed. Fixing is effected in usual baths heated e.g. to 40‹ C., or in stronger baths such as a solution of potassium cyanide with a little caustic alkali and formaldehyde, or a solution of ammonium thiosulphate. A swelling agent such as ammonium sulphocyanide may be added. Washing is effected at 30-50‹ C., and the washing water may contain an oxidizing agent, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, potassium percarbonate or potassium perborate. The washed film is dried by bathing in alcohol or in a concentrated salt solution, e.g. magnesium sulphate. An example is given. The process is applicable to passport, street, or television photography. For television purposes the film is freed from water by a concentrated salt bath and passed between deerskin rollers after which it may be scanned. For transmission, the film is passed through an ordinary camera and the exposed film is led through a light-tight tube into a rapid developing apparatus from which the dried film passes to the scanning device of the television transmitter. At the receiving end, a continuously travelling film is illuminated by a source of light controlled by the receiving apparatus and is passed directly to a rapid developing apparatus and then to a normal kinematograph projector. Specification 373,829 is referred to.
Patent GB-1501070-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid or its alkali salts
IPC: C07C309/46
Filed: 1976-08-11
Abstract: 4,4'-Dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid or its alkali metal salts are catalytically hydrogenated in water in the presence of Raney nickel and dicyandiamide. A temperature in the range from 50 to 120 DEG C and an increased hydrogen pressure are used. As a result of the additional use of dicyandiamide, the undesired hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond is essentially suppressed. The 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid and its alkali metal salts are intermediates for the production of optical brighteners or dyestuffs.
Patent GB-298397-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to sheet metal and like tiles and the method of securing same
IPC: E04F13/12
Filed: 1927-12-16
Abstract: 298,397. Shotts, S. H., and Covill, H. Dec. 16, 1927. Sheet-metal tiles.-Sheetmetal &c. tiles of regular polygonal form have each edge bent back on itself twice to form internal and external grooves 2, 3, Fig. 3, the extreme portion of the external groove being adapted to project beyond the body of the tile so as to engage within the external groove of an abutting tile. Screw or nail holes 5 are provided on the projecting portions, but only the first tile to be affixed need be secured on all its edges.
Patent GB-988627-A (GB)
Title: New dyes, processes for their preparation and photographic silver halide emulsions sensitized therewith
IPC: G03C1/12
Filed: 1961-09-04
Abstract: Compounds of the general formula <FORM:0988627/C2/1> or <FORM:0988627/C2/2> wherein D1 and D2 complete an indan ring or D2 completes a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene ring, and Q completes an indandione or heterocyclic nucleus, are prepared by condensing an indanone with a cyclic ketomethylene compound or by condensing an indanone or a tetralone with malonitrile.  Examples are given of the condensation of 1-indanone with malonitrile or rhodanine in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid, of 2-indanone with malonitrile, 3 - phenyl - 5 - isoxazolone or 1 - phenyl - 5 - pyrazolone under the same conditions or with 1,3-diethylbarbituric acid in the presence of piperidine, and of 1- or 2-tetralone with malonitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid.ALSO:Cyanine dyes having one of the following general formula:- <FORM:0988627/C4-C5/1> wherein R is an alkyl, substituted alkyl or allyl group, R2 is hydrogen or, when d is 1, an alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl group, D1 and D2 complete indene rings or D2 completes a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene nucleus the benzene ring of which may be substituted, O completes an indadione or heterocyclic nucleus, Z completes a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus, n is 0 or 1 and d is 0, 1 or 2, are prepared by condensing a quarternary salt of the Formula VI:-  <FORM:0988627/C4-C5/2> wherein J is the group  -SR3 (R3 is alkyl or aryl) or -(CH=CH)s-NR4R5 (R4 is acyl, R5 is aryl and s is 1 or 2) or -CH-CR6-SR3 (R6 is alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl) and X is an anion, with a compound of Formula V or VII <FORM:0988627/C4-C5/3> When the dyes of Formula III or IV are such that D1 or D2 has a further reactive CH2 group, they may be condensed with a second molecule of the same or as different quaternary salt of Formula VI to give dyes having the formulae:- <FORM:0988627/C4-C5/4> wherein R1, Z1, m and q have the same significance as R, Z, n and d respectively, and D completes a benzene ring which may be substituted.  Symmetrical dyes of Formulae I or II also may be made by condensing 1 mol of a compound of Formula V or VII respectively, where D1 or D2 has a second reactive CH2 group, with 2 mols of a quaternary salt of Formula VI. In the examples, Q completes a 5-pyrazolone, rhodanine, 5-isoxazolone or 1,3-diethyl barbituric acid residue and Z and Z1 complete benzthiazole, benzoxazole, naphthothiazole or 2-quinoline nuclei.
Patent GB-687281-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to thermostats
Inventor: PARK JAMES
IPC: G05D23/08
Filed: 1949-12-10
Abstract: 687,281. Temperature-responsive actuating-elements. RADIATION, Ltd. Nov. 22, 1950 [Dec. 10, 1949], No. 31782/49. Class 64 (ii) [Also in Group XXIX] A resilient metal blade g, secured at one end to a metal base a and enclosed by a cover b, carries at its other end a valve c while a bimetal strip d carries an adjustable abutment, e.g. a screw h, to bear on the strip. Further, the supply of gas to a gas-heated water, air or other heating apparatus is controlled by the valve c co-operating with a seating around a gas inlet passage e which, together with a gas outlet f, is formed in the base a. Moreover, the base is to be mounted with one end in thermal contact with an exterior surface of the apparatus, e.g. that end may have lateral extensions i for increased area of contact and the device may be attached to a gas-heated hot water tank by a metal strap secured to the base a. Conduction of heat to the bimetal d causes deflection to tend to close the valve c, normally held open by the blade g. A bypass from the passage e maintains a pilot burner. The Provisional Specification describes also such a device of which the whole length of the base contacts the water tank and describes an electric switch having a contact mounted on the bimetal strip or on the resilient blade if included.
Patent GB-628807-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of fluorocarbons
IPC: C07C17/38
Filed: 1945-11-26
Abstract: Fluorohydrocarbon polymers are produced when liquid kerosene or benzotrifluoride is treated with fluorine optionally in the presence of an inert solvent.  The above products may be converted to fluorocarbon polymer products and isolated by the treatment described in Group IV (b).ALSO:Fluorocarbons boiling above 150 DEG  C. produced by treatment of a partially fluorinated hydrocarbon with a metallic fluoride, at elevated temperatures, are separated from the metallic fluoride residue by extraction of the reaction mixture with a partially-fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent whose boiling point is above 100 DEG  C. but sufficiently below the initial boiling point of the required fluorocarbons to enable them to be readily separated by distillation ahd whose degree of fluorination is between 20 and 50 per cent and are recovered by removal of the solvent from the extract.  By degree of fluorination is meant the percentage of fluorine atoms present in the molecule with respect to the total number of replaceable hydrogen atoms present in the completely saturated unhalogenated molecule.  Solvents instanced may be aliphatic fluorohydrocarbons or mixtures thereof but are preferably benzene homologues fluorinated in a side chain or in the nucleus as well, e.g. benzotrifluoride, fluorobenzotrifluorides and the corresponding xylene derivatives. Fluorinating agents specified are cobalt trifluoride, silver fluoride, mercury fluoride and uranium hexafluoride, the use of the latter compound in excess is avoided, however, since the solvent may itself in some cases be fluorinated. It is stated that kerosene or benzo-trifluoride may be treated with fluorine to produce a partially-fluorinated hydrocarbon which is treated with up to an equal weight of silver difluoride at 150 DEG to 200 DEG  C. to give a mixture of fluorocarbons boiling within the range 200 DEG  to 300 DEG  C., with silver fluoride and possibly difluoride, which mixture is then rendered mobile by treatment with benzotrifluoride and the fluorocarbon product obtained by distillation of the solvent after a separation process.  Amounts of benzotrifluoride added may vary between one and ten times the weight of fluorocarbon product depending on the viscosity of the latter. Other solvents instanced for the above reaction are m- and p-fluorobenzotrifluoride and 3,6-difluorobenzotrifluoride.  In an example, benzotrifluoride, dissolved in fluorinated kerosene of degree of fluorination 90-93 per cent, is treated with fluorine diluted with nitrogen until reaction ceases and a high boiling fluorinated hydrocarbon product of degree of fluorination 86-87 per cent is recovered from the solvent by distillation and treated with an approximately equal quantity of silver difluoride at 140-150 DEG C., the product being extracted with benzotrifluoride to give after filtration, washing with water and drying, a mixture of fluorocarbons boiling above 150 DEG  C.
Patent GB-880146-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to liquid-feed control apparatus
Inventor: LINDEMANN ARTHUR WILLIS
IPC: B64D37/20
Filed: 1957-10-11
Abstract: 880,146. Automatic control systems. MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL REGULATOR CO. Oct. 11, 1957, No. 31924/57. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XXXVI] In a liquid supply system with two tanks, e.g. the fore and aft tanks 10, 11 of an aircraft, each tank has a level-sensing device, e.g. a capacitor 12, 13, excited by a source with separable components, e.g. quadrature components, so that it produces two distinct signals representing level. The signals of one kind from each tank are added to give total fuel and those of the other are subtracted to give a measure of the position of the centre of gravity of the fuel, the combined signals being amplified in a common amplifier. As shown, the respective quantities are measured by self-balancing arrangements the two-phase motors of which have fixed excitation in quadrature so that they respond respectively to the quadrature signals and the departure of the centre of gravity from predetermined limits suspends the supply of fuel from one or other of the tanks. Measuring total fuel.-Current from the upper half of transformer secondary 21 via the sensing capacitors 12, 13 in parallel is opposed in the input circuit of amplifier 60 by a fixed component fed via " empty tank " capacitor 36 from the lower half of secondary 21 and a component adjustable by a potential divider 32 and corrected for variations in fuel permittivity by air-dielectric capacitor 35 and fuel dielectric capacitor 34 in parallel. Any output from amplifier 60 at this phase energizes motor 66 to drive 32 to the balancing position which represents " total fuel." Locating centre of gravity of fuel. The respective parts of a potential divider 44 fed by the secondary 28 of a transformer excited in quadrature with the excitation of transformer 20 form with the depth sensing capacitors a self-balancing network the action of which is modified by the injection of a voltage from a second quadrature-excited potential-divider 50 set in accordance with total fuel and provided to compensate for differences of tank cross-section at different depths. Additional fixed voltages may be injected to modify the action in accordance with loading of the aircraft. Automatic adjustment of centre of gravity.- When the movements of the slider of potentiometer 44 exceed a given extent in either direction a switch is operated to cause valve 14 or 15 to suspend the supply from one or other of the tanks.
Patent GB-1151367-A (GB)
Title: Articulated Coupling
IPC: F16D9/06
Filed: 1966-07-15
Abstract: 1,151,367. Universal joints; machinery breaking pieces. BUHLER GEB. 15 July, 1966 [20 July, 1965], No. 31947/66. Headings F2U and F2X. An overload release universal joint, for driveshafts of in-line rotary feeders in pneumatic conveying apparatus, comprises a torquelimiting frangible key 26 having tapered flanks 30 engaged in complementary diametral slots 28, 29 in closely abutting end faces of one of a pair of shafts 15, 16 and an intermediate element 25, with another key 26<SP>1</SP> arranged, in-line or at right-angles to the first key 26, between the other end of the intermediate element 25 and the other shaft 16, the keys 26, 26<SP>1</SP> being retained by surrounding resilient sleeves 35, 35<SP>1</SP> and formed of plastics or, of the same material as the shafts and having a shear notch. Torque overload breaks the keys. The sleeves 35, 35<SP>1</SP> are axially secured by projections 32 on the keys 26, 26<SP>1</SP>, which engage in corresponding grooves 36 of the sleeves 35, 35<SP>1</SP>.
Patent GB-467818-A (GB)
Title: Internal combustion engines convertible for use with different fuels
IPC: F02B3/06
Filed: 1935-11-18
Abstract: 467,818. Engines convertible for use with liquid or gaseous fuels. DAIMLERBENZ AKT.-GES. Nov. 18, 1935, No. 31964. Convention date, Nov. 17, 1934. [Class 7 (ii)] In an engine in which the compression ratio may be varied, by inserting or removing exchangeable parts of the wall of the combustion space, to enable the engine to be operated alternatively with liquid or gaseous fuel, the source of gas, a pump P for supplying liquid fuel and a means for producing heating and ignition current are permanently arranged on the engine. A valve U enables the induction pipe A to be connected up to a gas bottle or wood-gas producer G when the engine is to be operated with gas, or to the atmosphere when the engine is to be operated by liquid fuel injected by a pump P, or to a carburetter (not shown) which may be fitted on to the opening in the induction pipe leading to the atmosphere. When the engine is operated with sparking-plug ignition, the distributer Z is connected to the sparking-plugs, and when incandescent heaters G<1> are used, they receive current from a bus-bar S. Fig. 2 shows an oil engine having a precombustion chamber b which communicates with the cylinder through a narrow passage e<2> in an insertion e<1>. When the engine is to be operated with wood-gas, the insertion f carrying the fuel nozzle E and the incandescent heater G<1> used at starting are replaced by an insertion l carrying a sparking-plug K, Fig. 3, and a plunger V, and the insertion e<1> is removed to leave a relatively wide passage leading to the cylinder. When the engine is to be used with a carburetter, the plunger V is withdrawn to establish communication between an auxiliary chamber b<1> and the chamber b‹. In modified constructions (a) the sparking-plugs, incandescent heaters and fuel nozzles are all provided in the combustion chamber and connected up as required ; and (b) the sparking-plugs are interchangeable with the heater plugs. Specification 459,804 is referred to.
Patent GB-1129991-A (GB)
Title: Steroidal 17-ketals
Inventor: OBERSTER ARTHUR EUGENE
IPC: C07J75/00
Filed: 1964-08-06
Abstract: 1,129,991. #<SP>2,5(10)</SP>-gonadiene derivatives. MERCK & CO. Inc. 4 Nov., 1965 [6 Aug., 1964], No. 32028/64. Heading C2U. Novel steroids of the formulµ (wherein R is C 1-4  alkyl; R<SP>1</SP> is alkyl, aralkyl or allyl; and R‹ is alkylenedioxy) are prepared by treating corresponding #<SP>1,3,5(10)</SP> - 9,11- epoxides (see Specification 1,129,992) with an alkali metal in liquid ammonia and in the presence of a compound having an acid reaction in liquid ammonia, to give the 11-ols, and, when required, dehydrating these to give the #<SP>9(11)</SP>- compounds. These may then be hydrolysed to estra-4,9(10) - diene'- 3,17 - dione or homologues thereof.
Patent GB-1085146-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to antidazzle spectacles
IPC: G02C7/10
Filed: 1965-07-27
Abstract: 1,085,146. Anti-dazzle spectacles. R. MARCUZZI and L. DI. BARBORA. July 27, 1965 [Jan.25, 1965], No.32029/65. Heading G2J. Anti-dazzle spectacles comprise a frame 1 and two lenses 4, 9, connected to the frame frontpiece by at least one friction joint so that the lenses are capable of limited universal movement and may be maintained in any desired position by friction, the friction joint or joints of one lens being adjacent the nose bridge while the joint or joints of the other lens are adjacent the laterally outer side of the frame. As shown in Fig. 8 each lens is coupled to the frame 1 by a crank shaped pin which provides two friction joints for movement of the lens about a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. In a further embodiment the universal movement is provided by ball and socket joints, a ball being mounted on each lens and a socket in a projection on the frame. The spectacles are adaptable for left or right hand drive since the lenses may be replaced by another pair having oppositely disposed balls which co-operate with further sockets on the frame.