baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2011505907-A (JP)
Title: 予め曲げられた駆動シャフトを備えている回転式アテローム切除術用デバイス
IPC: A61B17/00
Filed: 2008-11-21
Abstract: 本発明は、駆動シャフトの予め曲げられた区間内に研磨区間を伴う可撓性の細長い回転可能駆動シャフトを備えている、回転式アテローム切除術用システム、デバイス、および方法を提供する。デバイスは、研磨材料によって少なくとも部分的に被覆され、研磨区間を備えている、同心のまたは偏心した拡大径区間をさらに備え得る。研磨区間は、駆動シャフトに据え付けられる研磨クラウンまたはバーをさらに備え得る。予め曲げられた駆動シャフトは、より小径および／または広範な研磨領域を使用可能にする一方、高速回転の際、より大径を掃引する。予め曲げられた領域は、ガイドワイヤの挿入によって、血管系内に挿入し、狭窄に隣接して設置するために、実質的に直線化される。予め曲げられた領域からガイドワイヤを近位に除去することによって、駆動シャフトは、切除のために、その予め曲げられた形態に復帰可能となる。
Patent JP-2011506027-A (JP)
Title: デンタルバイオフィルムの処理のための超音波場における抗菌剤充填カプセル
IPC: A61C17/00
Filed: 2008-12-09
Abstract: 抗菌剤をデンタルバイオフィルムの近傍に送出し、バイオフィルム中のバクテリアを死滅させる器具及び対応する方法は、気泡及び抗菌剤を含む高分子カプセルを送出するためのシステム１８，２０，２４を含む。超音波エネルギのソース１８は、前記バイオフィルムに向かって前記カプセルを移動させるために設けられ、超音波エネルギは、前記バイオフィルムの近傍において前記カプセルを破裂させ、前記気泡及び前記抗菌剤を解放するのに十分な強度をもつ。気泡は、超音波場内において振動し、前記バイオフィルムを分裂させ、従って、解放された前記抗菌剤は、分裂されたバイオフィルム内のバクテリアに対して効果的に作用し得る。
Patent JP-2011509075-A (JP)
Title: 核酸の配列決定のためのシステムおよび方法
IPC: G01N33/543
Filed: 2008-12-19
Abstract: 本発明は、流体液滴中で核酸を配列決定することを含む、核酸を配列決定するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。１セットの実施形態において、本発明は、マイクロ流体液滴などの液滴を使用するハイブリダイゼーションによる配列決定を利用する。いくつかの実施形態において、標的核酸、核酸プローブ、および少なくとも１つの識別要素、たとえば蛍光粒子を含む液滴が形成される。標的核酸にハイブリダイズする核酸プローブは、いくつかの例において、少なくとも１つの識別要素を決定することによって決定される。標的核酸にハイブリダイズする核酸プローブを使用して、標的核酸の配列が決定され得る。ある例において、マイクロ流体液滴は核酸プローブを修飾する試薬と共に提供される。いくつかの場合において、上述のような液滴は、液滴の構成要素が標的区域を個別に通過するように変形される。
Patent JP-2011512021-A (JP)
Title: 基板処理装置及び基板処理方法
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2008-12-10
Abstract: 本発明は反応空間を提供するチャンバと、前記チャンバ内部に設けられるステージと、前記ステージに対向して前記チャンバ内部に設けられるプラズマ遮蔽部と、前記ステージと前記プラズマ遮蔽部の間に基板を支持する支持台と、前記ステージに備えられ、前記基板の一面に反応ガス又は非反応ガスを供給する第１供給口と、前記プラズマ遮蔽部に備えられ、前記基板の他面に反応ガスを供給する第２供給口及び非反応ガスを供給する第３供給口と、を含む基板処理装置及び基板処理方法を提供する。 このような本発明は単一チャンバ内で基板のエッジ領域及び背面領域にプラズマ処理を個別的に行うことができる。従って、装置の設置空間が減り、生産ラインの空間活用性を高めることができる。そして、チャンバ移動による大気露出がないので基板汚染が少なく、チャンバ移動による待機時間がないので全体的な工程時間を節約できる。 【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2011514707-A (JP)
Title: 信号電力測定方法および装置
IPC: H04W36/30
Filed: 2009-01-26
Abstract: 受信器において、受信器に既知であるパターンを有する少なくとも１つの信号の受信電力を測定する方法及び装置であって、信号は、少なくとも１つのアンテナによって送信されている。方法は、パターンに基づいて受信電力を測定し第１の電力推定値の第１のシーケンスを生成する第１の方法を用いる工程と；予め決定された第１のイベントが発生しているか否かを判定する工程と；第１のイベントが発生している場合に、受信電力を測定し第２の電力推定値の第２のシーケンスを生成する、第１の方法とは異なる第２の方法へと変更する工程と；を含む。
Patent JP-2011511388-A (JP)
Title: メモリマッピング技術
IPC: G11C16/02
Filed: 2009-02-02
Abstract: 【課題】揮発性及び不揮発性メモリにおいてデータ構造を使用して論理的セクタが物理的ページへとマップされる不揮発性メモリのためのメモリマッピング技術を提供する。 【解決手段】ある実施形態において、不揮発性メモリにおける第１のルックアップテーブルは、論理的セクタを物理的ページへと直接マップする。揮発性メモリにおける第２のルックアップテーブルは、不揮発性メモリにおける第１のルックアップテーブルの物理的アドレスを保持する。ある実施形態において、揮発性メモリにおけるキャッシュは、最も最近書き込まれた論理的セクタの物理的アドレスを保持する。又、ガベージコレクション及び回復オペレーションに使用できるブロックコンテンツを記述するブロックＴＯＣも開示される。 【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2011514995-A (JP)
Title: 関心領域についての関連情報の決定
IPC: G06N3/08
Filed: 2009-02-25
Abstract: 関心領域に関する関連情報を決定し、用いる技術が記載される。少なくとも一部の状況では、こうした技術は、領域内の関連テーマについての、および／またはこのようなテーマに関連したコンテンツをどのドキュメントがもつかについての情報を自動的に決定するための、関心領域に関連したドキュメント、用語および他の情報の自動分析を含む。領域に関連したこのような自動決定情報は次いで、ユーザが、関心あるテーマを指定すること、かつ／または指定されたテーマに関連するコンテンツをもつドキュメントおよび／またはドキュメントの断片を取得するのを支援するためなど、様々な用途に使うことができる。さらに、自動的に決定された情報がユーザによってどのように使われるかについての情報が、たとえば、自動化機械学習技術を用いることによって、領域において関連するテーマおよび関連するドキュメントの決定の向上を学習するためのフィードバックとして追跡され使用され得る。
Patent JP-2011516722-A (JP)
Title: 硬質材料で被覆された物体
IPC: B23B27/14
Filed: 2009-01-20
Abstract: 本発明は、硬質材料で被覆され、ＣＶＤによって塗布された数層を含む物体に関する。Ｔｉ １−ｘ Ａｌ ｘ Ｎ層および／またはＴｉ １−ｘ Ａｌ ｘ Ｃ層および／またはＴｉ １−ｘ Ａｌ ｘ ＣＮ層の上に外層としてのＡｌ ２ Ｏ ３ 層が配置される。
Patent JP-2012145478-A (JP)
Title: Moisture measuring method of sweet potato and method thereof
Inventor: UEZONO TAKESHI
IPC: G01N27/22
Filed: 2011-01-13
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measuring method and measuring device of sweet potato for simply measuring moisture of sweet potato in a short period of time at a production site of shochu.SOLUTION: The measuring device measures capacitance of a sample by using two parallel electrodes 11, and obtains the moisture from calibration data of the sample measured in advance. Two electrodes 11 are thrust into the sample for measurement, at least one of the electrodes covers an external conductor 13 via an insulating layer 12 at the root of the electrode 11, so as to form a coaxial cable-like structure. Consequently the root is made a non-detection part.
Patent JP-2012145304-A (JP)
Title: Refrigerator
Inventor: KUROYAMA KAZUHIRO
IPC: F25D23/00
Filed: 2011-01-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem with a conventional refrigerator, wherein a user has not comprehended loss of electric power in the concrete, caused by opening a door of a refrigerator, therefore not realizing the reduction of power loss resulted from the shortening of open time of the door, that is, the effect of energy saving or necessity thereof, which are difficult to motivate the user to conserve energy for shortening the open time of the door thereof.SOLUTION: The refrigerator includes: a power-loss amount calculator for calculating an amount of power loss caused by opening of the door in real time in accordance with a door open time and/or a door open angle, when the door of the refrigerator is opened by a door open/close detector; and a power-loss amount informing device for informing the user of the amount of power loss when the door of the refrigerator is opened.
Patent JP-2012149523-A (JP)
Title: Device for temporary assembling of turbine and method for assembling turbine
Inventor: MURAKAMI MASAKI
IPC: F01D25/26
Filed: 2011-01-14
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate on-site installation of a low pressure turbine and shorten an installation work period thereof.SOLUTION: A device for temporary assembling of a turbine includes: a turbine assembling frame including a plurality of casing supports for adjusting heights so that a lower half internal casing is fixed by uniformed loads; a centering adjustment mechanism unit for adjusting the centering of a plurality of lower half nozzles assembled into the lower half internal casing; a lifting jig mounted to the lower half internal casing so as to lift the lower half internal casing assembled with the lower half nozzles and the turbine assembling frame; and a rotor cradle having a position adjusting mechanism unit for adjusting the position of a rotor supported thereby.
Patent JP-2011140492-A (JP)
Title: Glimepiride- and insulin-induced glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c regulation
Inventor: MUELLER GUENTER
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2011-01-19
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound which modulates the activity of mammalian GPI-PLC (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C).  <P>SOLUTION: There are provided the compounds of formula (I) (wherein R<SB>1</SB>, R<SB>2</SB>, R<SB>3</SB>and R<SB>4</SB>are each independently H, OH or F; and R<SB>5</SB>is 1-20C alkyl or 1-20C alkenyl) in all their stereoisomeric forms and mixtures thereof in all ratios, and their physiologically acceptable salts.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2012150725-A (JP)
Title: Data updating device, data updating system, data updating program, and data updating method
Inventor: ITO YAMAHIKO
IPC: G06F1/26
Filed: 2011-01-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a data updating device, a data updating system, a data updating program, and a data updating method for improving the certainty of updating data to be used for the operation of a computer.SOLUTION: A data logger 500 includes an information acquisition part 520 for acquiring command information showing a command for updating data to be used for the operation of a computer and weather information showing weather in a region where a photovoltaic power generation device is installed. Also, the data logger 500 includes a state prediction part 570 for predicting whether or not the power generation state of the photovoltaic power generation device is stable in an update period when the update of data is performed on the basis of the weather shown by the acquired weather information. Also, the data logger 500 includes a data updating part 580 for performing the update of data following the command shown by the command information by using a power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device when it is predicted that the power generation state is stable.
Patent JP-2012157140-A (JP)
Title: Motor controller and electric power steering apparatus
Inventor: KAWAMURA HIROSHI
IPC: B62D5/04
Filed: 2011-01-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor controller which can perform an abnormality detection based on a detected current value of each phase with a good accuracy even in a state of a high inverter output, while suppressing an increase of an operation load.SOLUTION: An abnormality detection part stores a detected current value of each phase Ix(x=u,v,w) for each current detection period over a current detection period of a predetermined number α (Ix_1,...,Ix_n, where "n" is a natural number). And, after the current detection period of the predetermined number α passed, the abnormality detection part, collectively for the current value of each phase Ix_1,...,Ix_n which are stored in the storage region, carries out an abnormality determination based on a summation of three phases (U,V,W).
Patent JP-2012157472-A (JP)
Title: Imaging device and electronic endoscope having imaging device
Inventor: KIMURA SOICHIRO
IPC: G02B23/24
Filed: 2011-01-31
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the peeling and breakage of components, such as a signal cable, a flexible substrate and a solid state imaging element and the connection parts of them, and to contribute to narrowing a diameter of a distal end hard part, in an imaging apparatus.SOLUTION: An end part 39a of a cable cover 39 is bonded to the inner side of an end part 40e of a connecting member 40 by a first adhesive 42, a lens barrel 26 is fixed to a front end part 14a, and a pair of claw parts 40d of the connecting member 40 are engaged with a flange part 26a. Thus, even when a signal cable 37 is pulled in the direction of separating from the connecting member 40, respective signal lines 38 are not moved. Since a CCD 29 and one end part 35a of a flexible substrate 35 are not covered with the connecting member 40, space is saved by the thickness of the connecting member 40 and the thickness of an adhesive to be filled between the connecting member 40 and the CCD 29, and thereby contributing to narrowing the diameter of the distal end hard part 14.
Patent JP-2012164394-A (JP)
Title: Evaluation method of optical pickup device
Inventor: OKAMOTO AKIHIRO
IPC: G11B7/1392
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaluation method of an optical pickup device which correctly evaluates a movable lens for luminous flux change that the optical pickup device includes by determining normal operation of the movable lens without using sensors etc., such as an origin switch so as to actualize the optical pickup device which can be made more compact and lower in cost.SOLUTION: There is provided the evaluation method of an optical pickup device 1 which determines whether the movable lens (collimator lens 4) for luminous flux change is driven normally from change of an FE signal obtained by moving the movable lens.
Patent JP-2012162010-A (JP)
Title: Liquid ejecting apparatus, and flushing method therein
Inventor: NAKAMURA KOTARO
IPC: B41J2/185
Filed: 2011-02-08
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flushing method of inkjet recording device which, when a print condition is changed, can also change a periodical flushing condition according to the change of the print condition.SOLUTION: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes: a conveyance device that conveys a medium; a liquid ejection head that ejects liquid; and a control device that performs a flushing operation of ejecting the liquid to other than the medium at a predetermined interval. The flushing method in the apparatus includes a comparison step of comparing a flushing condition at a previous ejection job with a flushing condition at a present ejection job when the first medium is conveyed based on ejection job data. The method selects whether to perform a flushing action step of acting the flushing or not to act the flushing, on the basis of the compared result.
Patent JP-2012169704-A (JP)
Title: Image information processor and control method of the same
Inventor: YAMAMOTO TOSHINORI
IPC: H04N5/76
Filed: 2011-02-09
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new output method of sound associated with images in order to improve the retrieval property of the images mapped at coordinate positions on a map.SOLUTION: In a normal mode, for the sound corresponding to sound data associated with images with the sound displayed at present, sound volumes of respective channels are controlled corresponding to a position indicated by coordinate data associated with the images with the sound. In a retrieval mode during which the operation of changing a display range of a map is performed, the sound corresponding to the sound data associated with the images of the sound displayed at present is silenced, and for the sound corresponding to sound data associated with the images with the sound for which the coordinate data indicates a position in a prescribed outer peripheral area of the present display range, the sound volumes of the respective channels are controlled corresponding to the position.
Patent JP-2012168880-A (JP)
Title: Meta data imparting device, meta data imparting program and meta data imparting method
Inventor: OKITSU KENGO
IPC: G06F12/00
Filed: 2011-02-16
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform file retrieval by information that is not extracted from document information stored in the file.SOLUTION: A meta data imparting part 140 acquires a web page (HTML file) from an intranet web site 10. Then, when a hyperlink is embedded in the web page (HTML file), the meta data imparting part 140 acquires a file that is to be a link destination of the hyperlink and transmits the file together with the HTML file to a meta data extraction part 150. The meta data extraction part 150 extracts meta data associated with a file of the link destination by using the file that is to be a link destination of the hyperlink and the HTML file that is a link source of the hyperlink.
Patent JP-2012167074-A (JP)
Title: Hair cosmetics
Inventor: TANABE HIROYUKI
IPC: A61K8/891
Filed: 2011-02-16
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hair cosmetics which improves emulsification of an oily raw material, has an emulsifying power as a base of the hair cosmetics, high improved effect of combing property and higher sorption of higher alcohol with respect to the hair.SOLUTION: The hair cosmetics contains the following components (A)-(C), wherein (A) is a quaternary ammonium salt, (B) the higher alcohol having a 14-22C straight-chain alkyl group and (C) an oily raw material. The hair cosmetics contains one kind or two kinds or more of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by (A). The hair cosmetics has an amount of (A) 0.1-10.0 wt.% for the hair cosmetics, the weight ratio of (B) to (A) is within 0.1 or more and less than 10.0, and the compound amount of (C) is 1.0-20.0 wt.%.
Patent JP-2012171707-A (JP)
Title: Sheet processing device and image forming system
Inventor: HASEBE MASAKI
IPC: B65H45/30
Filed: 2011-02-17
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sheet processing device as a sheet folding device which can not only fold paper sheets in the middle accurately and quickly even when paper sheets or paper sheet bundles have buckles or curls but also eliminate the need of complicated control without making the device large and to provide an image forming system.SOLUTION: The sheet processing device includes a folding blade 12 which can proceed and recede toward a portion to be folded in the middle of the paper sheet bundles, a pair of folding rollers 13 which bite the paper sheet bundles pushed out by the folding blade to fold the paper sheet bundles in the middle, a stack plate 10 which supports the paper sheet bundles, and a stacker portion 11 which aligns lower ends of the paper sheet bundles. The sheet processing device further includes a paper sheet bundle guiding path 18 which is formed with an abutting member that vertically abuts on the paper sheet bundles pushed out by the folding blade and which guides the paper sheet bundles to the pair of folding rollers while making the paper sheet bundles abut on the abutting member, a holding section which is provided at the stacker portion and which can hold lower end portions of the paper sheet bundles, and a folding blade controlling section which controls the folding blade to proceed in a state where the holding section holds the lower end portions of the paper sheet bundles.
Patent JP-2012174430-A (JP)
Title: Connector and assembling tool for the connector
Inventor: SHIMIZU TOMOHIKO
IPC: H01R43/20
Filed: 2011-02-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make insertion force for a terminal small, to achieve reduction in number of components, facilitation of assembling operation for the terminal, and facilitation of detection of half-insertion of the terminal, and to attain larger terminal holding force.SOLUTION: A connector includes a connector housing 30 which has a plurality of terminal housing chambers arranged in an array in a plane along a right-left direction; a plurality of female terminal metal fittings which are inserted into the terminal housing chambers separately from behind; and flexible lances which are provided by the terminal housing chambers and stop the female terminal metal fittings inserted into the respective terminal housing chambers from behind from coming out. All the lances provided by the respective terminal housing chambers are connected together in one body by a connecting member 17 which extends in the right-left direction, and the connecting member is provided with an operation part 18 for bending all the lances in one body by operating the connecting member.
Patent JP-2012173432-A (JP)
Title: Voice interactive device and voice interactive method
Inventor: KOBAYASHI YUKA
IPC: G10L15/18
Filed: 2011-02-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve reliability in co-occurrence to be used for generating system response sentences by generating the co-occurrence through the use of a categorem in the system response sentence being correct information and a categorem in a recognition result.SOLUTION: A voice interactive device of the embodiment includes: voice recognition means for recognizing the vocalization of a user with respect to a first system response sentence; morphological analysis means for performing the morphological analysis of a recognition result which is obtained by the voice recognition means; co-occurrence generation means for generating the co-occurrence of a categorem in the recognition result acquired by the morphological analysis means and a categorem in the first system response sentence; a co-occurrence dictionary for storing the co-occurrence of the categorems and the co-occurrence score of the co-occurrence; co-occurrence score imparting means for imparting the co-occurrence score to the co-occurrence generated by the co-occurrence generation means by using the co-occurrence dictionary; and response sentence generation means for generating a second system response sentence through the use of the co-occurrence score imparted by the co-occurrence score imparting means.
Patent JP-2012174816-A (JP)
Title: Electronic component mounting device and image reading method used by electronic component mounting device
Inventor: OKADA KOICHI
IPC: H05K13/04
Filed: 2011-02-21
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electronic component mounting device and an image reading method used by the electronic component mounting device which are capable of eliminating restrictions on operations of mounting heads caused by an array direction of line sensors by use of image reading units having simplified structure to reduce time required for reading images.SOLUTION: Image reading units 6A and 6B for reading images of electronic components held by mounting heads 14A and 14B are each configured to have a line sensor that is tilted at a placement angle with respect to a first direction. Which mounting head 14A and 14B is to be assigned for a first-direction scanning operation or a second-direction scanning operation is selected on the basis of preset scanning operation selection conditions. In an image acquisition step for obtaining image signals from the image reading units 6A and 6B, image conversion processing is executed such that a two-dimensional image is generated by juxtaposing one-dimensional images which are obtained by transforming one-dimensional images output sequentially from the line sensors to the degree of the placement angle.
Patent JP-2012175594-A (JP)
Title: Variable capacitance circuit
Inventor: NAKAMOTO HIROYUKI
IPC: H03F1/56
Filed: 2011-02-24
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a variable capacitance circuit that protects capacitors against damage and keeps an AC signal undistorted.SOLUTION: A variable capacitance circuit includes: a predetermined node to which an AC signal centered on a reference potential is applied; a first capacitor connected to the predetermined node; a second capacitor connected between the first capacitor and the reference potential; a third capacitor and a capacitance controlling transistor disposed between a first node between the second capacitor and the first capacitor, and the reference potential; and a bias circuit for applying a first bias voltage to a second node between the third capacitor and the transistor.
Patent JP-2012172481-A (JP)
Title: Lattice body
Inventor: AKAI TADATSUYO
IPC: E04H17/16
Filed: 2011-02-24
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lattice body which is easy in construction and excellent in external appearance, and in which countermeasures against heat elongation are taken.SOLUTION: A lattice body comprises a plurality of lattice materials 3. The lattice material 3 consists of a resin lattice material 4, a metal core material 6, and a connection member 7 for connecting them with each other. The resin lattice material 4 has a hollow part 5 continuous in a longitudinal direction, and has a cutoff part 9a allowing heat elongation at each of both ends of the hollow part in the longitudinal direction. The metal core material 6 is inserted into the hollow part 5 of the resin lattice material 4 and projects from both ends of the resin lattice material 4, the connection material 7 is screwed to an aspect face of each of both ends 6b of the metal core material 6 by a screw 8, the resin lattice material 4 is fixedly sandwiched by the metal core material 6 and the connection material 7, a prescribed clearance is provided between the inner face 4c of the hollow part 5 of the resin lattice material 4 and the side face 6a of the metal core material 6, and the lattice material 3 is supported by a support body 2 via the connection material 7 or at both end sides of the metal core material 6.
Patent JP-2012177382-A (JP)
Title: Roller bearing
Inventor: YASUNAGA KEIJI
IPC: C23C8/26
Filed: 2011-02-25
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lubricant suited to specific bearing steel highly resistant to metal wear in terms of reduction in bearing torque.SOLUTION: A roller bearing is constructed in such a manner that at least one of inner and outer rings and a roller is made of steel containing C: 0.3 to 1.2 wt.%, Si: 0.3 to 2.2 wt.%, and Mn: 0.3 to 2.0 wt.%, the area rate of a nitride whose nitride concentration on the rolling surface is controlled to 0.2 to 2.0 wt.% by carbonitriding treatment or nitriding treatment and which contains Si and Mn is ≥1 and <20%, bearing steel is used, which satisfies γrAB-15≤γrC≤γrAB+15, 0≤γrAB and γrC≤50 where the residual austenite amount of the inner and outer ring track surface is defined as γrAB, and the residual austenite amount of the roller (ball) rolling surface is defined as γrC, and worked penetration of grease is 200 to 300.