baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-0077793-A1 (WO)
Inventor: DOEHRING LOTHAR
IPC: G21F9/30
Filed: 2000-05-16
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the disposal of radioactive materials, whereby the loading material in a binding agent/loading material/additive mixture for the production of casting compound, mortar, casting resin and the like is at least partially substituted by the material to be eliminated. In said operation, it is essential for the fine fraction < 250  mu m of the material to be eliminated to be less than 30 % by weight in relation to the weight of the material to be eliminated, preferably less than 15 % by weight. Said binding agent/loading material/additive mixture can be used as mortar or casting compound for casting or encapsulating additional material to be eliminated in a receptacle or container. Said binding agent/loading material/additive mixture is particularly suitable for the disposal of reactor graphite.
Patent WO-03010985-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for launching an application with a mobile station
Inventor: CHOW-TOUN RAYMOND
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2002-03-01
Abstract: The invention concerns a method for launching an application using a mobile equipment (26), characterised by the following steps: introducing a sequence comprising only numbers and/or characters  *  or  #  in said mobile equipment placed in the same mode as for introducing a telephone call sequence, confirming introduction of the sequence by pressing on the connection set-up key; a programme in said mobile equipment and/or in an identification card in said mobile equipment launches said application when sequence has a predefined particular syntax.
Patent WO-8809702-A1 (WO)
Inventor: GRIFFIN ALAN O
IPC: B21B37/36
Filed: 1988-05-11
Abstract: Lors du laminage de bandes métalliques, on empêche la bande laminée, enroulée puis déroulée de s'onduler et de se déformer en transportant la bande métallique (4) après son laminage sur un cylindre segmenté de mesure (1). Les forces exercées par la bande sur les segments du cylindre sont évaluées afin d'ajuster les paramètres du laminage, notamment pour ajuster individuellement la force de compression des cylindres de travail sur toute leur largeur. En même temps, la distribution en largeur des températures de la voie de transport est déterminée et utilisée par le dispositif d'évaluation comme des signaux de correction pour ajuster les paramètres du laminage, spécialement la distribution des forces de compression et la distribution en largeur de l'intensité de refroidissement.
Patent WO-9950472-A1 (WO)
Title: Vakuumbandbeschichtungsanlage
Inventor: MOSER EVA MARIA
IPC: B29C35/08
Filed: 1999-03-25
Abstract: Eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen, Aktivieren, Beschichten, Bearbeiten, Oberflächenausrüsten und/oder Behandeln von flächigen oder dreidimensionalen Substraten, wie insbesondere von längsausgedehnten Substraten bzw. Substratbahnen oder Bandmaterialien weist mindestens eine evakuierbare Reaktionskammer (25) auf. Der Reaktionskammer vor- und/oder nachgeschaltet sind je eine Schleusenkammer (51, 55), mit zwischen Schleusen- und Reaktionskammer angeordneter Walzenschleuse (11, 13), durch welche hindurch das Substrat (1) führbar ist.
Patent WO-03048161-A1 (WO)
Title: Procede pour preparer de la 2,6-dichloropurine
Inventor: YAN YIYI
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 2002-09-03
Abstract: Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé servant à préparer facilement et efficacement de la 2,6-dichloropurine et qui consiste à cet effet à obtenir de la 2,6-dichloropurine par une opération de diazotation en une seule étape en utilisant de la 2-amino-6-chloropurine comme substance de départ en présence de chlorure ou d'acide chlorhydrique.
Patent WO-2004014614-A1 (WO)
Title: Magasin integral pour marteau cloueur
Inventor: TANG XIYUAN
IPC: B25C1/00
Filed: 2002-10-14
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un outil pneumatique, notamment un magasin intégral pour marteau cloueur pneumatique. Le magasin comprend un corps de magasin comportant une pluralité d'encoches, disposées dans le sens de la longueur des clous, et est adapté à des longueurs de clous variables; il comprend aussi un poussoir dans lequel une pluralité de blocs de poussée et un bloc de pression sont disposés. Les blocs de poussée et le bloc de pression sont aménagés dans ces encoches du corps de magasin, respectivement. Les blocs de poussée et le bloc de pression permettent de vérifier la longueur des clous, notamment en dessus de 20 mm, et bloquer ou pousser automatiquement les clous de manière à ce que des clous relativement longs tels que ceux de plus de 20 mm soient soutenus de manière stable lorsqu'ils sont poussés. En comparaison au magasin traditionnel, la présente invention permet de simplifier la structure et de réduire les coûts.
Patent WO-2004106525-A1 (WO)
Title: Proteine de fusion pouvant etre exprimee tres efficacement et son procede de production
Inventor: LU YI
IPC: C12N15/17
Filed: 2003-06-03
Abstract: L'invention concerne une nouvelle protéine de fusion apte à être exprimée très efficacement et son procédé de production. La forme structurale de la protéine de fusion est : A-C1-K-(B-C2-K)n-D, où A désigne le peptide en amont ; C1 et C2 désignent, pris indépendamment, un peptide court de 20 à 40 acides aminés de longueur et ne contenant pas de Lys en séquence ; K désigne Lys ; B désigne un liant ; D désigne un peptide en aval ; n désigne un entier compris entre 3 et 30. La protéine de fusion peut être exprimée très efficacement et facilement dans des cellules hôtes. La technologie de purification et de coupe enzymique du produit d'expression est simple, ce qui permet d'obtenir un peptide court très efficacement et s'avère très utile dans le domaine de l'industrialisation.
Patent WO-0177440-A1 (WO)
Title: Dichtanordnung
Inventor: BECKMANN JOERG
IPC: F16L21/03
Filed: 2001-03-21
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dichtanordnung, bestehend wenigstens aus: zwei aneinanderstossenden Bauteilen aus Beton, Stahlbeton oder einem anderen aushärtbaren Material sowie einem Dichtprofil (5) aus elastomerem Werkstoff, das den Spalt zwischen den beiden Bauteilen abdichtend überbrückt und das innerhalb seiner Basisfläche (6, 9) wenigstens einen Verankerungsfuss (7, 10) aufweist, mit dessen Hilfe eine dauerhafte Befestigung in dem korrespondierenden Bauteil erfolgt; wobei insbesondere im Rahmen der Abdichtung von Rohren oder Schachtbauwerken die beiden aneinanderstossenden Bauteile ein Muffenende und ein Spitzende sind, wobei ein ringförmiges Dichtprofil (5) den Muffenspalt abdichtend überbrückt und dabei mit wenigstens einem Verankerungsfuss (7, 10) im Muffenende oder Spitzende dauerhaft befestigt ist. Die erfindungsgemässe Dichtanordnung zeichnet sich nun dadurch aus, dass wenigstens ein Verankerungsfuss (7, 10) vollständig, d.h. alle seine Verankerungsflächen (7', 7'', 7''') umfassend, mit Riefen (8) versehen ist.
Patent WO-02065142-A1 (WO)
Inventor: RUPP JUERGEN
IPC: G01R19/252
Filed: 2002-02-06
Abstract: In order to measure the current in a shunt, the voltage drop in the resistor of said shunt is evaluated as a measurement of the current. Normally, galvanic separation of the measuring device is required for high-potential shunts. According to the invention, a digital measuring signal provides the clock pulse for modulation of the supply current for the measuring device after an A/D conversion. The modulated supply current is also used as a carrier for the measuring information. In the associated evaluation device, an A/D converter (3) and a modulation unit (4) are arranged downstream from an amplifier (2) for the voltage signal which is picked off from the shunt (1). The modulated measuring signal is transmitted to an evaluation device (5).
Patent WO-03005488-A1 (WO)
Title: Antennenanschlussanordnung, antennensignalsplitter und verfahren zur empfangsfrequenzsteuerung
Inventor: KOTTSCHLAG GERHARD
IPC: H01Q5/50
Filed: 2002-05-28
Abstract: Vorgeschlagen werden eine Anordnung zum Anschluss mindestens zweier Empfänger an eine gemeinsame Antenne, wobei den Empfängern Antennensignalleitungen zugeführt sind, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Eingangsimpedanzen der mindestens zwei Empfänger nur schmalbandig im Bereich ihrer aktuellen Empfangsfrequenzen an die Impedanzen der ihnen zugeführten Antennensignalleitungen angepasst sind. Weiter wird ein Antennensignalsplitter vorgeschlagen. Schliesslich wird ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der Empfangsfrequenzen mindestens zwei an eine gemeinsame Empfangsantenne angeschlossener Empfänger vorgeschlagen, welches sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Empfangsfrequenzen der mindestens zwei Empfänger so eingestellt werden, dass sie zueinander einen vorgegebenen Mindestfrequenzabstand einhalten. Die Erfindung ermöglicht eine Reduktion einer Antennensignaldämpfung in einem Antennensignalsplitter für Mehrempfängersysteme, sofern die Empfänger auf unterschiedliche Empfangsfrequenzen abgestimmt werden.
Patent WO-2004018860-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben eines aktors mit einem kapazitiven element
Inventor: KNICKER RAINER
IPC: F02M51/06
Filed: 2003-06-30
Abstract: Ein Steller umfasst ein kapazitives Element, zu dem parallel ein ohmscher Widerstand geschaltet ist. Zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten wird der Wert des ohmschen Widerstands erfasst. Um die Betriebssicherheit beim Betrieb des Stellers zu erhöhen, wird die korrekte Funktion des ohmschen Widerstands überwacht und bei einer erkannten Fehlfunktion ein Fehlersignal ausgegeben.
Patent WO-2004021376-A1 (WO)
Title: Verfahren zum draht- und berührungslosen energie- und datentransport sowie zugehörige vorrichtung
Inventor: GRIEPENTROG GERD
IPC: H01F38/18
Filed: 2003-08-27
Abstract: Bei Anlagen mit festen und beweglichen Konstruktionsteilen und einem Drehstrommotor zum Antrieb kann der Drehstrommotor gleichermaßen zur drahtlosen Übertragung von Energie und/oder Daten verwendet werden. Dabei erfolgt die Übertragung von den festen auf die beweglichen Konstruktionsteile des Drehstrom-motors insbesondere induktiv. Bei der zugehörigen Vorrichtung mit einem Drehstrommotor aus Stator (10, 10') und Sekundär-teil (20, 20') ist das Sekundärteil (20, 20') nicht wie beim Stand der Technik als massiver Leiter mit bzw. ohne Blechpa-ket ausgeführt, sondern vielmehr als ein dem Stator (10, 10') gleiches oder ähnliches Blechpaket mit eingelegten Wicklungen (21 bis 23) realisiert.
Patent WO-2004071620-A1 (WO)
Title: Filtrationsvorrichtung
Inventor: NONNINGER RALPH
IPC: B01D29/39
Filed: 2003-11-19
Abstract: Bei einer Filtrationsvorrichtung (1) umfassend ein druckbe­ständiges Gehäuse (2) mit einer Flüssigkeitseinlassöffnung (3) und einer Filtratauslassöffnung (4), in die ein Sammelkanal (12) mündet, ist an den Sammelkanal (12) mindestens ein als Flachmembran ausgebildetes Filterelement (8-11) druckdicht an­geschlossen. Diese Vorrichtung erlaubt einen hohen Flüssigkeitsdurchsatz bei kompakter Bauweise.
Patent DE-1807729-A1 (DE)
Title: Perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide dye
Inventor: GRASER DR FRITZ
IPC: C09B5/62
Filed: 1968-11-08
Abstract: Perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide dye made by reaction of perylene tetracarboxylic acid or its anhydride and 3,5-dichloraniline. It is a red dye with excellent fastness esp. to light and weather, and suitable for lacquers, resins, printing pastes and for colouring artificial and synthetic fibres, and thermoplastics. It is also suitable as a vat dye.
Patent DE-1810465-A1 (DE)
Title: Stress absorbing pad for presses useful with chipboard plastics etc - chipboard etc
Inventor: CLARKE KENNETH
IPC: B23K20/02
Filed: 1968-11-22
Abstract: Stress absorbing pad composed of a plate comprising a pair of spaced, superimposed thin metal sheets marginally so interconnected to become a flat, springy pad totally enclosing a cell, this filled with a material having a melting point of under 120 deg.C. thus, suitable as a press pad for temperatures above this point. Pressing at 120 deg.-250 deg.C. of laminated boards from hot-curable or thermoplastics like PVC, veneer and plywoods, fibre or like chip boards. Perfectly uniform distribution of pressure over the whole of the pad surface resulting in absolutely even workpieces, especially of importance when pressing thermoplastic boards.
Patent DE-1950234-A1 (DE)
Title: Fractionation of light hydrocarbon mixtures
Inventor: HENNICO ALPHONSE
IPC: F25J3/08
Filed: 1969-10-04
Abstract: A mixture of gases containing at least one hydrocarbon which is heavier than CH4, is cooled until partially condensed. The condensate at each stage passes to a fractionation column. The vapour phase from the penultimate condensation passed through an absorption column, where it is washed by condensate from the final stage. The wash also passes to the fractionation column, the vapour which is not condensed at the last stage passed out through a heat exchange and separator, and consists of 70-95% H2 and some CH2. The remaining H2 and CH4 are removed at the top, and other hydrocarbons at the bottom of the fractionating column.
Patent DE-1955553-A1 (DE)
Title: Thioxantheno (1, 9-e, f)-1, 4-diazepinones
Inventor: EIDEN FRITZ PROF DR
IPC: C07D495/06
Filed: 1969-11-05
Abstract: Thioxantheno/1,9-e,f/-1,4-diazepinones. Novel Cpds. of formula: (where R', R" = H or alkyl; R"' = H, alkyl or CH2CF3) may be prepd. by (a) reacting 1,4-dichlorothioxanthone with tosylamide; (b) hydrolysing to give 1-amino-4-chloro-thioxanthone; (c) reacting with iodoacetyl chloride; (d) reacting with liq. NH3 to give 1-aminoacetamido-4-chlorothioxanthone; and (e) cyclising by heating with pyridine and pyridine hydrochloride.
Patent DE-2018192-A1 (DE)
Title: 1-aminoimidazolidine-2-thione prepn
IPC: C07D233/42
Filed: 1970-04-16
Abstract: 1-Aminoimidazolidine-2-thione prepn Title cpd. a pesticide intermediate, is prepd. by reacting 2-aminoethylhydrazine with at least the stoichiometric amt. of (a) CS2, alkali hydroxide (pref. NaOH or KOH) and a lower alkyl halide or -sulphate (pref. MeI or Me2SO4) or (b) an alkali xanthate (pref. NaSCSOEt or KSCSOEt) in water or an inert solvent at 20-120 degrees c. The process gives pure product without using carcinogenic intermediates.
Patent DE-2019869-A1 (DE)
Title: Oscillation unit for oscillating roll - straightening machine
Inventor: ZABOWSKI BERNHARD
IPC: B21D3/08
Filed: 1970-04-24
Abstract: The material to be straightened is processed by straightening tools without being rotated about its longitudinal axis. The tools surround the material and oscillate in a plane vertical to the direction of movement. In order to generate all the forms of oscillation paths only one, independent component in the form of an oscillating body is provided. The straightening tool mounting and the middle axis of the oscillation paths generated are in the centre of two eccentric drive shafts lying opposite each other in the same plane.
Patent DE-2039564-A1 (DE)
Title: Crank operated welding press - with sinusoidal table motion slowed down at workpiece loading point
Inventor: RICHTER HANS
IPC: B23K20/02
Filed: 1970-08-08
Abstract: The table of a welding press which reciprocates in a vertical plane receives a broadly sinusoidal velocity motion by a crank drive. To be able to load the workpieces at a point halfway between the two dead centres, the table is slowed down at that point by superimposing on its motion another motion by an epicyclic gear with a crank slide guide and a rocker linkage.
Patent DE-2107641-A1 (DE)
Title: Hair care compsn
IPC: A61Q5/10
Filed: 1971-02-17
Abstract: Compsn for hair care and growth promotion contg. inter alia a dedoction from green walnut shells and pure olive oil according to the Parent Patent No. 2053488 is rendered more effective by adding 0.025 g/l of iodine and using pure olive oil in an amt of 0.250 g/l. No residual film is left.
Patent DE-2114301-A1 (DE)
Title: Surface cleaning of continuously cast strip
Inventor: ALTENPOHL DIETRICH DR RER NAT
IPC: B21B45/04
Filed: 1971-03-24
Abstract: Method of removal of surface oxides, inclusions, defects etc. from continuously cast slabs of e.g. Al or Al alloys consists of immediately after casting, straightening the slab by oscillating impact hammers, or straightening rollers, so that all sides are parallel. After water or air quenching the surface, grinding wheels, rotary milling cutters or discs etc. remove from 0.2-3 mm depth of surface. Remaining burrs or filings are then removed by rotary brushes and air or water rinsing.
Patent DE-2133428-A1 (DE)
Title: Use of lactitol as sugar substitute - for diabetics and calorie- reduced diets
Inventor: GRAEFE GERD DR DIPL CHEM
IPC: A23L27/30
Filed: 1971-07-05
Abstract: Use of lactitol (I; 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) as a sugar substitute for diabetics and for calorie-reduced diets. (I) is hydrolysed much more slowly than lactose and maltose by maltase, and is not affected by rhizopus-glucamylase, alpha-amylase and pancreatin. Hydrolysis products in the gastrointestinal tract are D-galactose and D-sorbitol, which are present in normal foods and are easily metabolised. (I) is obtained by the redn. of lactose with Na amalgam or by catalytic hydrogenation. Instead of (I), a lactitol-rich reduction product of lactose can be used. (I) is readily soluble in H2O.
Patent DE-2134219-A1 (DE)
Title: Seamless panty hose - panty hose with skirt attached
IPC: D04B1/24
Filed: 1971-07-09
Abstract: A panty hose is made as in 1925302, out of two tubular parts made on a circular knitting machine. Onto this, at the waist band section, is knitted a welt type skirt section.
Patent DE-2137558-A1 (DE)
Title: Decorative paper tapestry - impregnated with pvc melamine,epoxy resin etc for consumer goods or industrial use
Inventor: MICHALSKI RUDOLF
IPC: D06N7/00
Filed: 1971-07-27
Abstract: Decorative tapestry can be applied to flat or shaped objects with the aid of adhesives and consists of paper soaked 1/2-2/3 of the way through with a transparent heat-setting resin soln., particularly a polyester, melamine, laminated or impregnated low-molecular or medium molecular epoxy resin. For the other part, the decorative paper is coated at its decorative surface with a layer of the same transparent, heat-setting resin. Both the impregnated resin as well as the covering layer are hardened with a final gloss, matted or otherwise.
Patent DE-2150678-A1 (DE)
Title: Condensed phosphates as linear polyamide additives - - to improve their mechanical properties and thermal stability
Inventor: KLEBER HELMUT
IPC: C08K3/32
Filed: 1971-10-12
Abstract: The phosphates have ring or chain structure and are added to the monomers/condensants during or after the polymsn. reaction in amts. of 5-50 wt.%, pref. 10-25 wt.%.
Patent DE-2154948-A1 (DE)
Title: Cyclic amidines prodn - in good yields, from alkylenediamines and oxazoline cpds
Inventor: MAGOSCH KARL-HEINZ DR
IPC: C07D239/06
Filed: 1971-11-05
Abstract: Cpds. of formula (I): (where R1 and R2 may be H, (substd) 1-17C alkyl, (substd) phenyl or (substd) benzyl and n is 2 or 3) are prepd. by reacting R1NH-(CH2)n-NH2 with a DELTA 2 oxazoline of formula (II): at 100-240 degrees C, pref. 110-240 degrees C, pref. in an inert solvent.
Patent DE-2157265-A1 (DE)
Title: Encapsulating electrical components - using flame resistant mixt of hard epoxide resin and/or flexible epoxide resin, curing agen
IPC: H01B3/40
Filed: 1971-11-18
Abstract: Electrical components and functional units are embedded in epoxide resins by casting the building component with a mixt. of (I) a commercially available resin with a high modulus of elasticity and/or (II) a commercially available elastic resin, (III) an org. oxygen-phosphorus cpd. e.g. tricresyl phosphate, as flame proofing agent and (IV) a commercially available curing agent. Specif. a hard resin with a high modulus of elasticity, such as a crosslinked epoxide resin based on bisphenol A with an epoxide equivalent of 200-220, is mixed with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane curing agent and 5-20 pts. wt. tricresyl phosphate.
Patent DE-2217893-A1 (DE)
Title: X-ray sensitive radiation receiver - with europium-activated yttrium vanadate fluorescer
Inventor: DEGENHARDT HEINZ DR RER NAT
IPC: G01T1/20
Filed: 1972-04-13
Abstract: Title receiver, with a layer contg. appropriate X-ray activated fluorescer in the IR-sensitive part, contains Eu-activated Y vanadate as fluorescer. The efficiency and sensitivity are greater than for CdS phosphors, allowing direct coupling with highly sensitive Si multi-diode 'Vidicon' (RTM), which has optimum sensitivity in the red region. No amplifiers are necessary.
Patent DE-2223998-A1 (DE)
Title: Yarn finish application - using metering valve from source under pressure
Inventor: HEINOLD HANS
IPC: D04B35/22
Filed: 1972-05-17
Abstract: A pressurised finish e.g. oil contg tank is connected to applicators for the or each yarn at the point of use e.g. in a knitting or sewing machine, via a ring circuit, each applicator having a metering device supplying its finish preparation to a yarn groove in a guide block.
Patent DE-2243164-A1 (DE)
Title: Axially telescopable winding former - with rods made more flexible where joining end rings
Inventor: HAHM GERHARD
IPC: D06B23/04
Filed: 1972-09-01
Abstract: The main patent describes a winding package in which one set of rods on one end ring, telescopes into a complementary set in the other end ring, to provide an adjustable length former. To allow radial distortion under winding, shrinkage forces to take place uniformly axially of the package, the points of connection of the rods to the end rings are made more flexible than the rest of the rods.
Patent DE-2317269-A1 (DE)
Title: Thermal decompsn. of water to hydrogen and oxygen - in two solid beds contg. ferrous chloride and mixed oxides including iron oxides
Inventor: SCHULTEN RUDOLF PROF DR RER NA
IPC: C01B7/01
Filed: 1973-04-06
Abstract: Prodn. of H2 and O2, by decompsn. of water, with the use of e.g. nuclear energy converted into thermal energy, can be carried out using >=2 solid beds, one of them contg. FeCl2 and the other Fe3O4 and another metal oxide (pref. MgO or another alkaline earth metal oxide which temporarily bind Cl2 and HCl). The two beds are used in alternative order.
Patent DE-2319331-A1 (DE)
Title: Laval nozzle fitting to silencers of vehicle engine - fitted between first and main silencer units and converting exhaust pressure into speed energy
Inventor: HEBERLEIN RUDOLF
IPC: F01N13/00
Filed: 1973-04-17
Abstract: Fitting of a laval nozzle ahead of the main silencer in vehicle engine. The exhaust pressure remaining in the exhaust system between preliminary and main silencer units is transformed by the laval nozzle fitted in front of the main silencer unit into speed energy to a large extent. Within the narrowest part of the laval nozzle a speed of sound is attained with the exhaust gases subsequently flowing at high speed into the main silencer unit, where according to the construction system of the silencer they are put into a vortex motion contributing to further sound damping.
Patent DE-2333497-A1 (DE)
Title: Wall-mounted utensil cupboard - door has projecting rail over grip recess
Inventor: HECHT XAVER
IPC: E05C19/06
Filed: 1973-07-02
Abstract: The cupboard has a snap lock, consisting of an open recess at the door edge, and a spring element, fastened to the housing. The spring element has a nose, projecting over the recess base at the edge side as in DT2121853. The edge of the door has a projecting rail, covering both flanks of the recess.
Patent DE-2347312-A1 (DE)
Title: Textile web dyeing or washing appts. - provided with totally enclosed housing connected to solvent recovery device
Inventor: SCHUIERER MANFRED
IPC: D06B9/06
Filed: 1973-09-20
Abstract: Textile web dyeing or washing appts. includes a housing which is totally enclosed by a chamber forming a gas flow recirculating duct and connected to a solvent recovery device by means of a fan. Solvent loss is limited to a min. Pref. chamber is symmetrical about the housing and is subdivided by partitions into two parts, in one of which the gas flow has a vertical flow component, the recirculation of the gas being effected by fans having intake ducts in the upper part of the chamber.