Patent GB-704312-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of tempered glass
IPC: C03B27/052
Filed: 1952-06-16
Abstract: 704,312. Glass tempering. SOC. ANON. DES MANUFACTURES DES GLACES ET PRODUITS CHIMIQUES DE ST.-GOBAIN, CHAUNY, & CIREY. June 16, 1952 [June 15,1951], No. 15159/52. Class 56 Tempered glass articles having untempered or slightly tempered reserved parts and fully tempered surrounding portions are formed by conducting the heating and/or cooling operations in such manner that at the moment when the glass of the surrounding zone congeals throughout its thickness the glass of the reserved part will be at a temperature lower than, or at most equal to, the temperature of the surrounding zone, so that each reserved part is compressed or at least not subjected to tensile stresses by the surrounding zone which acts like a shrinking ring. The heating of the reserved part may be moderated so that its temperature is lower than that of the surrounding zone which is brought to near softening point, and the temperature of the reserved part may be lower or higher than the congealing temperature. Alternatively, the reserved and surrounding zones may be uniformly heated and the cooling of the reserved part accelerated so that it will congeal before the surrounding zone but will not be tempered or only to a small degree. Both the heating and the cooling of the reserved parts may be moderated, e.g. by protecting those parts with a double screen during heating and cooling so that the temperature of the reserved parts reaches 450-500‹C. while the remainder of the sheet reaches 650-700‹C. The screen may be placed on the reserved zone at the commencement of heating, but, preferably, is introduced only after the longest possible initial uniform heating. It is advantageous'(a) to use thick metallic screens, e.g. 10 mm. or more, having a large heat absorbing capacity (b) to remove the screens for cooling between operations (c) to protect the screen, if it must remain in the furnace, before its application to the glass sheet, by means of a receptacle having insulating walls (d) to make the screen in the form of a hollow plate and circulate a refrigerant fluid therethrough during its stay in the furnace or whilt it is applied against the glass, and (e) to cool the receptacle at (c) in a similar manner. In a further procedure glass is used which has been tempered beforehand and is placed in a high speed heating furnace with the screen already in position. The reserved part may be in the form of a ring which surrounds a central tempered area and is itself surrounded by a tempered area. The sheets 1 suspended by chains 2 from a bar 6 running by rollers 7 on a rail 8 passes to positions A, B, C, in the furnace 4 and then to the cooling apparatus 5. A screen 10a, 10b is spaced from the sheet during the initial heating at A, e.g. for a third of the total time in the furnace, is moved into position at B, and remains there during the heating at C. The sheet with the screened portion at a lower temperature than the remainder is then cooled, e.g. by air jets through orifices 11 which are given a circular movement by eccentrics 13, the screen remaining in position. The screen is held in the raised position at A by a lever pivoted on bar 6 and having a hooked end which engages a rod 19 from which the screen support 18 is suspended. When the hook is released the support 18 drops, the movement being guided and limited by members 20. The screens may be formed of heat insulating material such as asbestos, or heat conducting material such as metal, or combinations thereof, and may have flanges which bear on the glass and space the main screen surface. The screen may be of non-uniform thickness to give areas of intermediate tempering, e.g. the centre being of greater thickness 22, Fig. 4, or of smaller thickness 23, Fig. 6, than the annular portion 24. Fig. 8 .shows a screen for giving a reserved part in the form of a ring, the screen 24 having an opening 25 at the centre which may be fitted with a mesh screen or perforated plate &c. to allow passage of part of the heating or cooling medium. In Fig. 11 the screen comprises plates 26 having apertures 25, the plates being spaced from the sheet by rods 27 and spacers 28. The gap between the screen edge 29 and the glass permits cooling of the reserved part and particularly of its outer edge. The thin spacer elements are advantageously formed of copper or alike good conductor of heat. Fig. 13 shows a hollow screen 30 supported by pipes 31, 32 which supply and exhaust the cooling fluid. When the reserved part is not disposed centrally it is preferred to suspend the sheet so that the reserved part is at the lower end and not subjected to stresses due to the weight of the sheet. The method is particularly used to form the glazing for vehicles, but may also be used to form paving slabs, insulators, and other glazing.