Patent GB-880457-A (GB)
Title: Improved motor fuels
IPC: C10L1/22
Filed: 1959-06-30
Abstract: A leaded gasoline having a paraffinic hydrocarbon content of not more than 95% by volume and a research octane number of at least 90, contains between 3 and 60 moles per gram atom of lead of an organic material to extend the effect of the lead, the material being one which provides in the combustion chamber of a running spark-ignition engine a free monocarboxylic acid which does not form metal chelates and is stable at 200 DEG C., and which material contains no sulphur, chlorine or bromine atoms and is unreactive with lead alkyls at up to 40 DEG C.  The material may be one of certain monocarboxylic acids or compounds which decompose to form monocarboxylic acids in the engine chamber.  Suitable materials are aliphatic and aromatic monocarboxylic acids, certain alkoxy substituted and hydroxy substituted monocarboxylic acids, monoalkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, monocarboxylic acids containing oxy linkages, dicarboxylic acids which decompose to monocarboxylic acids, certain esters and amine salts of monocarboxylic acids, and certain acid anhydrides.  In examples leaded gasolines contain the following suitable materials:- acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, mixed naphthenic acids, octanoic acid, isobutyric acid, trimethylacetic acid, b , b -dimethyl-acrylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, n-toluic acid, t-butylbenzoic acid, crotonic acid, phenylacetic acid, acrylic acid, oleic acid, methoxy-acetic acid, o-toluic acid, diethyl-acetic acid, acetyl glycolic acid, ethyl acid adipate, acetyl lactic acid, methacrylic acid, t-butyl acetate, pinacol diacetate, (2-methyl pentane diol-2, 4) diacetate, a , a -dimethylphenyl ethyl acetate, t-butyl trimethyl acetate, t-butyl benzoate, t-butyl propionate, t-butyl octanoate, t-amyl acetate, t-butyl methacrylate, (2-methyl pentane diol-2, 4) dipropionate, t-butyl furoate, t-butyl acetyl glycolate, t-butyl acetyl lactate, di-t-butyl malonate, t-butyl o-methoxy-benzonate, t-butyl o-fluoro-benzoate, polyester of b -hydroxy isovaleric acid, t-butyl-p-nitrobenzoate, t-butyl-m-nitrobenzoate, terpinylacetate, propenylidene diacetate, t-butyl m-toluate, t-butyl methoxyacetate, t-butylacetoxyisobutyrate, t-butyl cyclohexane carboxylate, 1, 1-dimethyl-propinyl acetate, t-butyl levulinate, t-butyl b -naphthoate, t-butyl phenoxy-acetate, acetic anhydride, propionic ahydride, butric anhydride, hexanoic anhydride, mixed formic-acetic anhydride, mixed acetic-octanoic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, mixed acetic-benzoic anhydride, n-hexyl ammonium octanoate, di-n-butylammonium octanoate, t-octylammonium acetate, triethylammonium acetate, triethylammonium octanoate, t-butylammonium octanoate, a salt derived from acetic acid and amines from soybean oil, ammonium naphthenate, N-methylanilinium acetate, N-methylanilinium octanoate, anilinium acetate, anilinium benzoate, pyridinium acetate, N, N-dimethylanilimium acetate, o-phenylenediammonium octanoate, N, N-dimethylanilinium propionate, N-methylanilium propionate and anilinium propionate.  In the examples the lead compounds are tetraethyl lead, diisopropyl diethyl lead, tetraisopropyl lead and tetrapropyl lead.  Other materials which do not extend the effect of the lead are mentioned for comparison.