baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent RU-2015117776-A (RU)
Title: Спектроскопическое измерительное устройство
IPC: G01J3/45
Filed: 2013-10-02
Abstract: 1. Спектроскопическое измерительное устройство, содержащее:a) пропускающий оптический блок, состоящий из первой пропускающей части с входной поверхностью и выходной поверхностью, параллельными друг другу, и второй пропускающей части, расположенной после первой пропускающей части и обладающей клиновидной формой с входной поверхностью и выходной поверхностью, одна из которых наклонена относительно другой, при этом входная поверхность или выходная поверхность второй пропускающей части расположена в той же плоскости, что и входная поверхность или выходная поверхность первой пропускающей части;b) линзу объектива для коллимации измеряемого луча, испускаемого каждой из множества измеряемых точек, расположенных в измеряемой области подлежащего измерению объекта, и для обеспечения вхождения коллимированного луча в первую пропускающую часть и вторую пропускающую часть;c) цилиндрическую линзу с осью, параллельной линии пересечения входной поверхности первой пропускающей части и граничной поверхности между первой пропускающей частью и второй пропускающей частью, для приема первого измеряемого луча, выходящего из первой пропускающей части, и второго измеряемого луча, выходящего из второй пропускающей части;d) детектор, содержащий множество пикселей для детектирования распределения интенсивности интерференционного света, получаемого из первого измеряемого луча и второго измеряемого луча, входящих в цилиндрическую линзу; иe) процессор для получения картины интерференции измеряемых точек измеряемого объекта на основе распределения интенсивности интерференционного света, детектируем детектором, и для пре
Patent RU-2015125203-A (RU)
Title: Ручное орудие для обработки почвы
IPC: A01B1/00
Filed: 2015-06-25
Abstract: 1. Ручное орудие для обработки почвы, содержащее рукоятку с патроном и поперечину в виде дуг и зубья в виде спирали, концы которой соединены с дугами, отличающееся тем, что поперечина по середине жестко расположена над центральным витком спирали, при этом высота зубьев равна утроенному произведению ширины между зубьями и дуги от центрального витка проходят внутри витков спирали.2. Ручное орудие для обработки почвы по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что спираль выполнена в виде эллипсоидальной формы.3. Ручное орудие для обработки почвы по п. 1 и 2, отличающееся тем, что дуги от центрального витка выполнены S-образной формы.
Patent SV-2008003023-A (SV)
Title: Forma galenica divisible que permite una liberacion modificada del principio activo
Inventor: FONKNECHTEN GILLES
IPC: A61K31/64
Filed: 2008-09-10
Abstract: UNA FORMA GALÉNICA DIVISIBLE DE LIBERACIÓN MODIFICADA DE PRINCIPIO ACTIVO, DONDE LA FORMA GALÉNICA NO SUBDIVIDIDA Y UNA FRACCIÓN DE DICHA FORMA OBTENIDA POR SUBDIVISIÓN TIENEN UN PERFIL DE DISOLUCIÓN IDÉNTICO. MEDICAMENTOS
Patent SV-2015004970-A (SV)
Title: Composición de vehículos y formas farmacéuticas de liberación sostenida y aumento de biodisponibilidad de antibacterianos, anticoccidianos y otros fármacos en aves comerciales y cerdos
Inventor: SUMANO LÓPEZ HÉCTOR SALVADOR
IPC: A61K47/30
Filed: 2015-05-11
Abstract: LA PRESENTE INVENCIÓN SE REFIERE A UNA COMPOSICIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS Y FORMAS FARMACÉUTICAS DE LIBERACIÓN SOSTENIDA Y AUMENTO DE BIODISPONIBILIDAD DE FÁRMACO PARA AVES Y CERDOS Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA SU PREPARACIÓN, DICHA COMPOSICIÓN COMPRENDE: AGENTES FARMACÉUTICAMENTE ACTIVOS, AGENTES PROMOTORES DE LA BIODISPONIBILIDAD, POLÍMEROS DE LIBERACIÓN PROLONGADA DEL FÁRMACO, COLORANTES, Y SABORIZANTES. LA COMPOSICIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS Y FORMAS FARMACÉUTICAS DE LA PRESENTE INVENCIÓN OPTIMIZA LA DOSIFICACIÓN DEL FÁRMACO Y GENERA CEPAS RESISTENTES DE BACTERIAS POR OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE FARMACOCINÉTICA/FARMACODINAMIA DE FÁRMACOS. LA COMPOSICIÓN SE PRESENTA EN DIFERENTES FORMAS Y COLORES QUE PERMITEN IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL PRODUCTO Y MEJOR ACEPTACIÓN POR PARTE DEL AVE O DEL CERDO
Patent UA-38883-A (UA)
Title: Спосіб регулювання теплового стану печі
Filed: 2000-11-13
Abstract: Об'єкт винаходу: спосіб регулювання теплового стану печі. Галузь застосування: винахід відноситься до теплоенергетики до способів управління тепловим режимом печі, найбільш ефективно в установках малої теплової потужності і продуктивності може бути використаний для створення фізичної моделі процесу спалювання твердого палива погіршеної якості в розплаві шлаку. Сутність спосібу: регулюют тепловій стан печі шляхом створення зовнішнього регульованого електрообігріву із перемінною тепловою потужністю у підфурменній зоні спокійного стану шлаку і газовому просторі печі. При цьому в рідкоемульсійній зоні потужність електрообігріву вибирають у залежності від витрати окислювального газу через фурми. Технічний результат: організація позонного електрообігріву стінок печі в областях із різними фазовим станом розплаву шлаку, які характеризуються різними коефіцієнтами теплопередачі від стінки до робочого середовища і різними питомими тепловими потоками дозволить забезпечити раціональний розподіл величини тепловідводу від зазначених різнорідних середовищ до поверхні печі, підтримати температуру розплаву, яка відповідає в'язкості шлаку в надфурменній і підфурменній зонах, забезпечити високу надійність роботи у нестаціонарних умовах, виключить невиправдані втрати тепла у навколишнє середовище, розширить діапазон наукових досліджень. Скорочення: 1 н.п. ф-ли, 2 фіг.
Patent UA-50276-A (UA)
Title: Plant growth stimulant
Inventor: FINKO SERHII VOLODYMYROVYCH
Filed: 2001-12-13
Abstract: A plant growth stimulator comprises the biostimulator Еmistim С and aqueous solution of the immunostimulator chitozan in the ratio of ingredients from 1:10 to 10:1 correspondingly.
Patent UA-58349-A (UA)
Title: A vodka
Filed: 2002-11-28
Abstract: A vodka contains the rectified ethyl alcohol and the prepared potable water. As the rectified ethyl alcohol the vodka contains “Luxe” , the rectified ethyl alcohol or “Wheat tear” , the rectified ethyl alcohol.
Patent UA-63306-A (UA)
Title: Servodrive of the feeding mechanism of a metal-cutting lathe providing compensation of errors induced by inaccuracy of the lathe guides
Inventor: KOVALIOV VIKTOR DMYTROVYCH
IPC: G05D3/12
Filed: 2003-04-01
Abstract: The proposed servodrive of the feeding mechanism of a metal-cutting lathe providing compensation of errors induced by inaccuracy of the lathe guides contains a movable support installed at the lateral guides of a base member installed at the line guides of the lathe, a lateral feed motor, a pulse support displacement transducer, a reversible pulse counter, a set-point signal generator, a direct-current amplifier, and a digital comparator. The inputs of the digital comparator are accordingly connected to the outputs of the counter and set-point signal generator, and the output is connected to the input of the amplifier. The lateral feed motor is connected to the output of the amplifier. Additionally, the servodrive contains a measuring gear with a screw and a nut that is fitted to the movable support, a laser radiation source, and a differential photodetector. The laser radiation source is installed at the line guides so that the direction of the laser beam is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the support movement.
Patent UA-65351-A (UA)
Title: Milking apparatus
Inventor: HRYTSAIENKO VOLODYMYR IVANOVYC
IPC: A01J5/02
Filed: 2003-07-15
Abstract: A milking apparatus contains teat cups, hoses, a pulsocollector, in which an additional high-frequency pulser with a adjustment-free throttle is made, a working chamber of which is connected with interwall chambers of the front pair of the teat cups and a working chamber of the main pulser is connected with the interwall chambers of the second pair of teat cups of the rear teats of an udder and is connected with control chambers of the main and auxiliary pulsers through the adjustment-free throttles.
Patent UA-68006-A (UA)
Title: System for automated control of power of combustion engine
Inventor: KRAVCHENKO MYKOLA ONOPRIIOVYCH
IPC: F02D17/02
Filed: 2003-08-18
Abstract: The system for automated control of the power of combustion engine CE has at least two combustion chambers with respective pistons, electric spark-plugs, electric valves, electric nozzles and the CE shaft, this is kinematically connected to the fly-wheel; control unit, this includes an accelerator, centrifugal controller; first ignition coil with four-stroke operation, distribution sensor with signal delivery of signals to electric nozzles, the first relay group, sensor for distribution of the ignition instant, power controller by load, gas-distribution slider, second ignition coil with two-stroke operation, centrifugal controller, sensor of low voltage distribution.
Patent DK-201070518-A (DK)
Title: Slug Mitigation
Inventor: JAMES CALVERT PATRICK
IPC: E21B43/12
Filed: 2010-11-29
Abstract: A method and apparatus for mitigating slug formation in a multiphase fluid stream that is flowing through a conduit wherein the conduit comprises a first portion and a second portion which is upwardly inclined to the first portion and wherein the multiphase fluid stream comprises a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, the method comprising the steps of: (a) determining the pres- sure in the conduit upstream of a slugging zone; (b) determining the pres- sure in the conduit downstream of the slugging zone; (c) determining the ac tual pressure difference across the slugging zone by subtracting the down stream pressure from step (b) from the upstream pressure from step (a); (d) determining the error between a target pressure difference and the actual pressure difference; (e) producing a signal comprising a first component which is proportional to the error and a second component which is propor tional to the rate of change of the error over time; and (f) using the signal produced in step (e) to control the position of an adjustable choke valve b cated downstream of the slugging zone so as to stabilise variations arising in the actual pressure difference over time.
Patent EC-SP19066229-A (EC)
Title: Composición de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado
Inventor: MOORE MICHAEL
IPC: B01D53/94
Filed: 2019-09-12
Abstract: Un proceso para reducir los contaminantes ambientales en una Materia Prima de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado compatible con la norma ISO 8217, el proceso que implica: mezclar una cantidad de Materia Prima de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado con una cantidad de mezcla de Gas Activador para dar una mezcla de materia prima; poner en contacto la mezcla de materia prima con uno o más catalizadores para formar una Mezcla de Proceso de la mezcla de materia prima; separar los componentes líquidos del Producto de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado de la Mezcla de Proceso de los componentes gaseosos y componentes de derivados de hidrocarburos de la Mezcla de Procesos y descargar el Producto de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado. El Producto de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado cumple con la norma ISO 8217A para fuel oils marinos residuales y tiene un nivel de azufre que tiene un contenido máximo de azufre (ISO 14596 o ISO 8754) entre el rango de 0,05% en peso a 0,50% en peso. El Producto de Fuel Oil Marino Pesado se puede utilizar como tal o como material de mezcla para un fuel oil marino pesado de azufre bajo o ultrabajo en azufre compatible con la norma ISO 8217, IMO MARPOL Anexo VI (revisado). También se divulga un dispositivo para llevar a cabo el proceso.
Patent GR-20130100204-A (GR)
Title: Elastic page-turning ring
Inventor: CHRISTOFOROU-TSEKOURA ARIADNI ALEXANDROU
IPC: B42D9/04
Filed: 2013-04-08
Abstract: The invention relates to an elastic ring 1 which is adaptable to the finger 2 for facilitating the fast and ready turning of book or magazine pages. It is made of caoutchouc and has the following indicative dimensions varying in respect to the size of the finger: internal diameter of 15mm, external diameter of 17mm, and thickness of 5mm.
Patent IN-2014KN01004-A (IN)
Title: Electric cart
Inventor: RAUCH ERNST
IPC: A63B55/60
Filed: 2014-05-09
Abstract: A transport device (1) with a chassis (2) which has at least three wheels (3 4) mounted on at least two axles of which one axle is a drive axle (3 ) that carries only one single central electrically driven wheel (3) with a support unit (21 ) that is equipped to receive an oblong load preferably a golf bag and with a guiding part (21) which has a handle area on an operating side wherein in the operating position the drive axle (3 ) on the chassis (2) is on the operating side and the support unit (21 ) projects transversely across the drive axle (3 ) essentially in the direction of the operating side.
Patent IN-2015DN01334-A (IN)
Inventor: MARCONATO BENJAMIN
IPC: G01P3/44
Filed: 2013-08-26
Abstract: This method comprises the following steps: determining the angular position and the rotational speed for a first point of measurement and a second point of measurement of a engine position sensor determining at least one gradient of the rotational speed different from the speed gradient between the two points of measurement of the previous step approximating the actual rotational speed curve with respect to the angular position by means of a polynomial function of degree two and carrying out a calculation in advance for determining an estimated rotational speed at the predefined position said position defining a future angular position of the crankshaft by applying the polynomial function to said predefined future position. The invention can be used to predict engine rotation reversal.
Patent IN-2012DN01414-A (IN)
Inventor: DENNY WILLIAM ALEXANDER
IPC: C07D498/04
Filed: 2010-07-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nitroimidazooxazines, to their preparation, and to their use as drugs for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other microbial infections, either alone or in combination with other anti-infective treatments.
Patent IN-2014KN01463-A (IN)
Inventor: MONGROLLE JEAN LOUIS
IPC: C04B28/14
Filed: 2012-12-13
Abstract: A method of forming a gypsum based product is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: calcining a mixture of water and gypsum under conditions of raised temperature and pressure within a vessel to produce an alpha hemihydrate slurry therein; passing the alpha hemihydrate slurry from the vessel to a mixer for mixing with additional water to produce a settable slurry which is arranged to set to form the gypsum based product.
Patent IN-2012DN02236-A (IN)
Inventor: TELFORD STEVEN JAMES
IPC: H01S3/04
Filed: 2010-09-02
Abstract: A semiconductor laser system includes a diode laser tile. The diode laser tile includes a mounting fixture having a first side and a second side opposing the first side and an array of semiconductor laser pumps coupled to the first side of the mounting fixture. The semiconductor laser system also includes an electrical pulse generator thermally coupled to the diode bar and a cooling member thermally coupled to the diode bar and the electrical pulse generator.
Patent IN-2014CN02386-A (IN)
Inventor: BIERHOFF WALTHERUS CORNELIS JOZEF
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 2012-10-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a medical probe which consists of a cannula with a multilumen stylet inside. The multilumen contains at least two lumen. Both the multilumen as well as the cannula may have beveled ends. In the lumen straight optical fibers (i.e.no angle end face) are present that can be connected at the proximal end to a console. The cannula multilumen fiber system forming the medical probe comprises at least in one of the lumen of the multilumen more than one optical fiber. Preferably the source and detector fibers for the fluorescence detection are contained in one single lumen of the multilumen.
Patent IN-2012DN02594-A (IN)
Inventor: CRETOIU MIRCEA
IPC: B23B/
Filed: 2010-05-22
Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for extractive distillation using internal addition of steam to an extractive distillation column from a reboiler are described herein. The apparatuses include an extractive distillation column  a reboiler (for example  a kettle reboiler) coupled to the extractive distillation column  and a steam input line. The steam input line is coupled to an internal steam sparger device of the reboiler. Methods utilizing the apparatuses to perform extractive distillation of a hydrocarbon feed stream are also described herein
Patent IN-2012DN02665-A (IN)
Inventor: KATRINA FLETCHER
IPC: A23L33/00
Filed: 2005-10-12
Abstract: Processes for producing dairy products having lower levels of neutral lipids, and/or higher levels of polar lipids, by extraction using near critical carbon dioxide and extraction with dimethyl ether. These products may be used as ingredients in infant formulas.
Patent IN-2015DN03057-A (IN)
Inventor: POWELL JOSEPH BROUN
IPC: C08H8/00
Filed: 2013-10-24
Abstract: Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin , an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids , and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase.
Patent IN-2015DN03281-A (IN)
Inventor: NAPIER JOHNATHAN A
IPC: C12N1/00
Filed: 2013-10-01
Abstract: The invention relates to genetically modified organisms with enhanced production of omega- 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Patent IN-2012DN03410-A (IN)
Inventor: PATEAU OLIVIER
IPC: H05B6/02
Filed: 2010-10-19
Abstract: The invention relates to an induction heating method implemented in a device for heating a metal part, the device including magnetically coupled inductors (Ind1, Ind2,..., Indp), each inductor being powered by a dedicated inverter (O1, O2,..., Op) combined with a capacitor (C1, C2, ..., Cp) such as to form an oscillating circuit (OC1, OC2, ..., OCp). The oscillating circuits have at least approximately the same resonance frequency, each inverter is controlled by a control unit (Ml, M2, ..., Mp) such as to vary the amplitude and the phase of the current passing through the corresponding inductor, the device also including a means for determining said current as well as a means for determining an actual temperature profile (θ1 mes, θ2 mes,..., θn mes) of said part. The method includes the following steps: a) comparing said actual temperature profile with a reference temperature profile (θ1 ref, θ2 ref,..., θn ref) and calculating a profile of the reference power density (Dprefl, Dpref2, ..., Dprefn) which the heating device must inject into said part; b) calculating the target currents which the inverters must produce in order for the currents of the inductors to reach target values (I1 ref, 12 ref, ..., IP ref) that are suitable for injecting said reference power density profile into said part; c) determining the currents passing through the inductors in order to compare said currents with said target values and determine current deviations (δ11 corr, δ12 corr, ..., δ1p corr) to be corrected, and sending correction instructions to said control units (M1, M2, ..., Mp) in accordance with said current deviations.
Patent IN-2009CN03529-A (IN)
Inventor: NEIL O'CONNOR
Filed: 2007-11-23
Abstract: A method of operating a networked multiplayer game comprising the steps of: a)	providing to a player a controllable representation of a game character in a game environment whereby said player may control said character to interact with said environment; b)	providing, within said game environment, a mechanism operable by game characters to initiate a request for contact with a contact center agent; c)	upon operation of said mechanism hy a character of said player, issuing a request to a contact center external to said game; d)	opening a communications channel between an agent of said contact center and said game environment; and e)	directing said communications channel to the game environment in the locality of said player's character whereby said player and said contact center agent may communicate within the game environment.
Patent IN-2014DN05823-A (IN)
Inventor: HIROSE HIROAKI
IPC: B05B5/10
Filed: 2012-09-27
Abstract: An electrostatic coating device in which a plurality of zones are provided along the line of transportation (L) of an object being coated (W) and an electrostatic coating machine is arranged in each of the zones; at least one of the zones being divided into an application zone (Z1) for rough application and an application zone (Z2) for main application; the voltage between the object being coated (W) and the application gun (5) in the application zone (Z1) for rough application being set so as to be smaller than the voltage between the object being coated (W) and the application gun (6) in the application zone (Z2) for main application. This configuration makes it possible to raise the coating efficiency of the electrostatic coating device and reduces wasteful use of paint.
Patent IN-2014DN06545-A (IN)
Inventor: MARCUS MICHAEL ALAN
IPC: B41J2/115
Filed: 2013-03-19
Abstract: Drop formation devices are provided with a sequence of drop formation waveforms to modulate the liquid jets to selectively cause portions of the liquid jets to break off into print drops having a print drop volume Vp and non- print drops having a non-print drop volume V„p . The print and non-print drop volumes are distinct from each other. A timing delay device shifts the timing of drop formation waveforms supplied to drop formation devices of first and second nozzle groups so that print drops from the first and second nozzle groups are not aligned relative to each other. A charging device includes a charge electrode that is positioned in the vicinity of break off of liquid jets to produce a print drop charge state on drops of volume Vp and to produce a non-print drop charge state on drops of volume V„p .
Patent IN-2014DN08799-A (IN)
Inventor: UEHARA NOBUAKI
IPC: A61K8/41
Filed: 2013-04-17
Abstract: Disclosed is a cosmetic composition comprising: a copolymer (a) or (ß); a cationic surfactant; and a higher alcohol. The copolymer (a) includes a constituent unit derived from a monomer (a) acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and at least one constituent unit derived from three different monomers wherein from 50 to 100 mass% of a constituent unit derived from a vinyl monomer (A) having a carboxyl group. The copolymer (ß) includes a constituent unit derived from a monomer (a) acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and at least one constituent unit derived from four different monomers wherein from 50 to 100 mass% of a constituent unit derived from a vinyl monomer (A) having a carboxyl group and wherein from 50 to 100 mol% of the carboxyl groups are not neutralized.
Patent KR-950024890-A (KR)
Title: 생분해 가능한 폴리스틸렌 연필의 제조 방법 및 그 장치
IPC: B43K19/00
Filed: 1994-02-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 목재로 제조되는 연필을 폴리스틸렌 소재로 대체하므로 목재를 벌목하지않아 나무를 그대로 보존할 수 있을 뿐만아니라, 상기 폴리스틸렌에 생분해성 마스터 배치(MASTER BATCH)의 사용으로 잉여 농산물을 활용하므로 석유자원의 절약효과와, 이로부터 제조되는 연필은 빠른시간내에 폴리스틸렌 소재부분이 생분해 되어 환경을 보호할 수 있게한 생분해 가능한 폴리스틸렌 연필의 제조 방법 및 그 장치에 관한 것으로, 폴리스틸렌의 중합비율 지피-피에스(GP-PS) 50% ∼ 60%, 에이치아이-피에스(HI-PS) 40% ∼ 50% 와 ; 적색안료 0.0005%, 흰색안료 0.003%, 황색안료 0.002%를 배합하여 착색하고; 생분해성 마스터 배치 20%를 믹서기로 혼합한 후, 무기계 발포제 0.5 ∼ 0.7%를 투입하여 제조하는 것이다.
Patent KR-950025879-A (KR)
Title: 반도체장치의 제조방법
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1994-02-28
Abstract: F이 함유된 텅스텐 실리사이드막에서 F을 제거할 수 있는 반도체장치의 제조방법이 개시된다. 반도체 기판상의 임의의 하부구조상에 WF 6 가스를 텅스텐의 소스 가스로 사용하여 CVD방법에 의해 텅스텐 실리사이드층을 형성하고, 상기 결과물을 열처리하여 텅스텐 실리사이드층에 함유된 F를 텅스텐 실리사이드층이 자유표면으로 아웃디퓨젼시킨다. 여기서, 상기 열처리 단게는 고진공 비산화 분위기에서 수행되는 것이 바람직하며, 600℃-1100℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것이 바람직하고, 분위기 가스로는 Ar과 같은 불활성 가스나 반응성이 적은 N 2 가스를 사용한다. 상기 텅스텐 실리사이드층의 형성단계 이후 상기 열처리 단계 전에, 텅스텐 실리사이드층의 표면에 형성되어 F의 아웃 디퓨젼을 방해하는 오염물질들을 제거하는 단계를 더 포함할 수 있다. 여기서 오염물질들의 제거 단계는 습식 또는 건식으로 수행될 수도 있고, 고진공(High Vacuum)에서 700℃-1000℃의 온도범위에서 열처리하여 수행될 수도 있으며 두 단계가 연속적으로 실시될 수도 있다. CVD방법에 의해 텅스텐 실리사이드막을 형성하고 그 표면의 오염물질들을 제거한 후, 열처리를 실시하여, 텅스텐 실리사이드막에 함유된 F을 텅스텐 실리사이드막의 자유표면으로 아웃디퓨전시켜 제저함으로써 후속공정에서의 F의 확산으로 인한 문제점들을 해결하여 소자의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.