baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-813862-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to semiconductor devices and circuits utilizing them
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1956-11-21
Abstract: 813,862. Semi-conductor switches. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. Nov. 21, 1956 [Nov. 22, 1955], No. 35590/56. Class 37. [Also in Groups XXXIX and XL (c)] A semi-conductor switch consists of four zones arranged in PNPN formation. Ohmic contacts are made to the end zones only and the device is put into a circuit in such a manner that its centre junction is reversely biased. When the applied potential is low the impedance of the device is high. As the potential is increased to V1 (Fig. 2, not shown) a breakdown point is reached. After breakdown the impedance of the device is low provided that a certain minimum current is caused to flow through the device. If this current is allowed to fall below the minimum value the device returns to its highimpedance state. When the device is placed in a circuit to act as a switch the circuit is designed so that a reverse bias of sufficient magnitude to maintain the above minimum current is present. The switch may be triggered to the on (or lowimpedance state) by a superimposed pulse or by photo-electric effect. The switch may be triggered to the off (or high-impedance) state by another pulse of opposite sign or by breaking the circuit. A simple telephone circuit using the switch is described. The device is made by growing a crystal from a silicon melt doped with arsenic and to which iron may be added to form recombination centres. This gives an N-type crystal which is sealed inside a quartz tube containing helium at very low pressure and antimony oxide and heated to a temperature of 1360‹ C. The crystal is then removed and the process is repeated in another tube containing aluminium metal instead of antimony oxide. The result is a crystal of N-P-N-P-N form. The largest region being the centre one. An aluminium film is then evaporated over one on the N-type end regions and alloyed to the crystal by a suitable heating cycle resulting in the formation of a P-N-P-N-P-N crystal with a large centre N-type zone and an aluminium alloyed P-type zone at one end. The crystal is then coated with wax leaving the -P-N end free. These end two zones are then etched away and a tungsten wire is attached to the freshly bared N-type region. The result is the required P-N-P-N crystal. Alternatively the end P zone, may be provided by the diffusion of boron. Another alternative is to heat a P-type wafer in the presence of antimony oxide vapour to give an antimony-rich N-type skin and subsequently to diffuse boron into this skin without penetrating it completely. Subsequent etching of the back and edges gives the P-N-P-N body. Alternatively an aluminium alloying step may replace boron diffusion in the last-mentioned modification. The semi-conductor material may be germanium, germanium silicon alloy or any A III  B V  compounds. Specifications 704,108, [Group XXXIX], 706,849, 753,013 and 809,643 are referred to.
Patent GB-522373-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in spindle assemblies and mountings for lathes, drilling machines and like machine tools
IPC: B23Q1/70
Filed: 1938-12-07
Abstract: 522,373. Spindles. CHURCHILL-REDMAN, Ltd., and McCALL, A. K. Dec. 7, 1938, No. 35616. [Class 83 (iii)] [Also in Group XXXIV] Spindles for lathes, drilling-machines &c., particularly work spindles, are driven close up to the flanged end to which the face plate &c. is attached. When pre-loaded taper roller bearings are used means are provided to facilitate restoration of the required loading after reassembly. The spindle a has a series of notches or grooves a<SP>1</SP> formed in its flanged end a<SP>3</SP> and engaged by projections b<SP>2</SP> 2 on a driving sleeve b<SP>1</SP> mounted on taper roller bearings i. The inner races have flanged ends f<SP>2</SP>, g<SP>2</SP> maintained against machined surfaces on the housing and the inner races have flanges to engage the larger ends of the rollers and one race g<SP>3</SP> is located against the enlarged end of the spindle whilst the other engages a flange on the sleeve b<SP>1</SP> that forms an extension of the driving gear or pulley b. A nut j serves to apply the preloading and when this has been correctly adjusted corresponding index marks are made on the periphery of the nut and on the surface h<SP>2</SP>. Where the spindle is driven through a gear train the driving pulley i may be mounted on a similarly journalled sleeve s.
Patent GB-961691-A (GB)
Title: A method of extracting germanium
Inventor: LUKES JOSEPH
IPC: C22B41/00
Filed: 1961-10-04
Abstract: Germanium values are extracted from the ashes produced by burning fossil fuel, e.g. coal under pressure in the presence of liquid water at temperatures less than 374 DEG  C.  The water present and the condensate produced by the burning are reused to slurry the starting material.  After combustion the ashes and water are separated and the germanium bearing ashes collected.  According to the example, pulverized coal was burnt at 250 DEG  C. at 150 atmospheres pressure, and the water and ashes then separated, the water obtained being returned with condensate to the start of the process.
Patent GB-885594-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of fluid-conveying hose
Inventor: MCGUCKIAN JOHN
IPC: F16L33/207
Filed: 1959-10-22
Abstract: 885,594. Flexible boxes; hose end fittings. COMPOFLEX CO. Ltd. Oct. 18, 1960 [Oct. 22, 1959], No. 35768/59. Classes 99(1) and 99(2). A hose for conveying gaseous heating media such as coal gas or bottled gas comprises an extended plastic inner tube A, Fig. 2, an opencoiled wire helix B and an outer tube C formed of a non-inflammable plastic compatible with the material of the tube A. Tube A is of polyvinyl chloride, which may be admixed with nitrile rubber, and is bonded at its ends with tube C. A metal end fitting E consisting of a spigot C and a ferrule H is secured to each end of the hose by swaging. In a modification, Fig. 3, a plastic ferrule S is injection moulded around the end of the hose and a metal end fitting P having circumferential ribs T. In a further modification a preformed plastic fitting incorporating a metal insert is secured to the end of the hose by welding.
Patent GB-620179-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to clutches
IPC: F16D43/206
Filed: 1946-12-03
Abstract: 620,179. Positive clutches. DEARSLEY, G., and MOLINS MACHINE CO., Ltd. Dec. 3, 1946, No. 35796. [Class 80 (ii)] in a clutch which disengages on overload the driving and driven members are provided with recesses containing rolling elements, such as balls or rollers, which produce axial movement of the driven member to move a machine driving element to a displaced position, the clutch driven member returning into the engaged position under the influence of a spring. The driven member 3 of a clutch is rotatably mounted on a driving shaft 2 to which is rigidly secured a driving member 1. Balls 6, mounted in a cage 7, are held in conical depressions 5 in the driving and driven members to effect a drive therebetween under the axial load of a spring 8. On excess load the balls 6 ride out of the depressions 5 to cause the members 1 and 3 to separate against the spring 8 and thus disengage the drive. Movement of the sleeve 14 rigid with the member 3 causes axial movement of the driving gear 18 meshing with a wide gear 19. Relative rotation of the members 1, 3 allows the balls 6 to return to the driving position, and sleeve 14 returns under the action of the spring 8 thus breaking a clutch 16, 15 to retain the drive disengaged. The teeth 15, 16 may be of a one-way clutch to facilitate disengagement. Re-engagement of the drive is effected by a manual lever 21. The Provisional Specification describes modifications in which the balls are replaced by conical rollers, and in which the driving member consists of a disc having a groove in its periphery adapted to accommodate a roller mounted in a lever pivoted on a driven disc of larger diameter, the lever being spring-pressed to engage the roller with the groove.
Patent GB-343578-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to stays for locomotive fireboxes and the like
IPC: F22B7/16
Filed: 1929-11-22
Abstract: 343,578. Steam boiler stays. SYKES, J. C., Fairfield, Dulwich Village, and SYKES INTER-LOCKING SIGNAL CO., Ltd., W. R., 26, Voltaire Road, Clapham, both in London. Nov. 22, 1929, No. 35809. Addition to 297,523, [Class 123 (ii), Steam generators]. [Class 123 (ii).] The head 2 of a flexible staybolt with a sleeve 6 around the head as described in the parent Specification is seated upon a washer 5 so resting against the outside of the boiler shell 4 as to permit of movement of the washer relatively to the boiler shell. The hemispherical washer 5, Fig. 1, rests in a curved recess in the boiler shell, the movement of the washer in the recess being limited by the engagement of the top of the sleeve with the bottom of the cap 8 on the sleeve 6 or by the engagement of a flange on the washer with the wall of the sleeve. The cylindrical washer 5, Fig. 5, rests on the flat outer surface of the boiler shell 4, and its movement is limited by the sleeve 6.
Patent GB-1024292-A (GB)
Title: Image control device and method of printing
IPC: G03G15/06
Filed: 1962-09-20
Abstract: 1,024,292. Electrophotographic processes. J. E. MAEGRIFF Sept. 20, 1962. No. 35838/62. Heading G2H [Also in Division H1] A photosensitive electrode structure consists of a photo-conductive layer bearing on one side a transparent electrode, and on the other side being in contact with a series of parallel conductors the ends of which project from the edge of the photoconductive layer; the conductors lie in a plane parallel to the layer. A line image projected on to the photoconductive layer, through the transparent electrode, raise the resistance in series with ends of the parellel conductors in accordance with the illumination of the respective part of the line image. The image may be obtained from a reflected or transmitted strip taken from an original fixed to a rotating drum, or may be obtained from a strip taken from an original placed on an arcuate support and scanned by a reciprocating mirror. The photosensitive electrode may be placed at one side of a chamber through which a cloud of pigment particles is circulated. (The particles are preferably ionized). A web is exposed through a gap in the opposite side of the chamber and a field applied between the sensitive electrode and a comb electrode placed behind the web, so that a quantity of pigment deposited in accordance with the intensity of the appropriate part of the line image. The movement of the image receiving web is synchronised with the traversal of the line across the original. In an alternative embodiment the photosensitive electrode is placed in direct contact with a moving web of electrosensitive paper and a high potential applied between it and a comb shaped electrode in contact with the back of the web.
Patent GB-1459603-A (GB)
Title: Medium voltage switchboard more particularly for feeding of a  transformer substation
IPC: H02B1/20
Filed: 1974-08-14
Abstract: 1459603 Switchboards; gas blast circuit breakers MERLIN GERIN 14 Aug 1974 [30 Aug 1973] 35875/74 Heading H1N A switchboard particularly adaptable for ring main and T-junctions comprises a plurality of adjacently disposed air insulated cells, Fig. 1 (and Fig. 8, not shown), each cell including an air insulated busbar compartment 22, Fig. 3, and a three-pole horizontally arranged puffertype circuit-breaker in an insulating gastight enclosure 26 filled with electronegative gas, which enclosure forms a horizontal portion of a partition wall between the busbar compartment and the rest of the cell. Additional equipment for individual cells can comprise an earthing switch 74, protective line fuses 72 for the outgoing equipment and a variety of alternative cable entry and termination means. The puffer-type circuit-breaker, Fig. 10, has a monobloc-type moulded housing 118 with a sealed rear cover 114, and with an internal mounting member 142 for the movable contact rods 132 there is formed a rear compartment 111 in which a common drive shaft 124, individual insulating cranks 126 and link couplings 128, 130 for each pole are situated, the contact rods being connected to busbar side terminals 40, 42, 44 of the circuit-breaker by flexible braids 154. In a front compartment 116 the end face 140 of the housing supports incoming terminals 34, 36, 38 and fixed contacts 136 whilst the puffer device comprising a piston, nozzle and aperture assembly 146, 148, 150 is secured by the movable contact 134 to the contact rod 132 and cooperates with an open-ended cylinder 144 integral with the member 142. The rear compartment 111 also contains an earth bar 156 more closely spaced to the live link coupling 130 than the separated distance of the two contacts 134, 136 so that an excessive voltage rise on the busbar side will flashover to earth rather than across the contacts when the breaker is open.
Patent GB-522317-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrode arrangements employed in electron dischargedevices
IPC: H01J29/48
Filed: 1938-12-10
Abstract: 522,317. Cathode-ray tubes. KLEMPERER, O. Dec. 10, 1938, No. 36048. [Class 39 (i)] The modulating electrode G and anode A of an electron gun have plane diaphragms G<SP>1</SP>, A<SP>1</SP> with substantially equal apertures and disposed so that the spacing between the emitting surface of the cathode C and the further surface of the diaphragm G lies within a range between 8 and 2.5 the radius of the apertures, while the spacing between the adjacent surfaces of the diaphragms lies between .9 and 2.0 the radius of the apertures. In the arrangement shown, these spacings are 1.2 and .9 respectively of the radius r, of the aperture, which in a specific example is 0.05 inches in diameter. The thickness of the material of the anode and modulating electrodes may vary between .3r and r. Preferably the spacing between the cathode and modulating electrode does not exceed 1.4 the spacing between the modulating electrode and anode. Specification 494,791 is referred to.
Patent GB-1464245-A (GB)
Title: Packaging machines
IPC: B65B35/40
Filed: 1974-10-21
Abstract: 1464245 Collating articles BAKER PERKINS HOLDINGS Ltd 21 Oct 1974 [30 July 1973] 36067/73 Heading B8C An apparatus 10 for collating packs 12 into batches 13 for overwrapping comprises a conveyer 11 for feeding the packs on to a table 16, a short stroke pusher (20) which pushes each row, except the last row, of the batch forward on the table, a long stroke pusher 21 which discharges the assembled batch, and a movable support 29 which supports the leading row of packs during operation of the short stroke pusher. Each pusher comprises a pushing surface (20A), 21A, a side surface (20B), 21B which holds back the packs on the conveyer 11 during reciprocation of the pusher by a pneumatic actuator A or B. The support 29 comprises fingers extending upwardly through slots in the table, is freely movable forwards during operation of the short stroke pusher, is downwardly withdrawn by an pneumatic actuator (D) after the final operative stroke of the pusher, and is then retracted backwards by another actuator (C). Brushes 31, (31A) support the rows at the side of, and above, the table. There is a second similar apparatus 10A, each apparatus feeding batches into alternate pairs of overhead flights 14 of a conveyer which feeds the batches to a plate of the wrapping machine. Switches S1-S10 automatically control the apparatus.
Patent GB-1221158-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to buildings
Inventor: KUTER DANIEL MARIE
IPC: E04B1/348
Filed: 1969-07-18
Abstract: 1,221,158. Inflatable cores. D. M. KUTER. 18 July, 1969 [16 Sept., 1968], No. 36318/69. Heading B5A. [Also in Division E1] Pneumatic moulding cores for forming cavities in external walls of cast reinforced concrete units, each comprise a pair of steel plates 25, 26 joined by rubber or other flexible side walls 27 carrying an inflation valve. When inflated the mould forms a rigid structure of 2 inch thickness.
Patent GB-1408384-A (GB)
Title: Can opening devices
IPC: B67B7/70
Filed: 1971-08-03
Abstract: 1408384 Can openers J BENNETT 30 Oct 1972 [3 Aug 1971] 36326/71 Heading B8D A can opener of the type comprising pivoted handles 5 and 6 respectively mounting a traction wheel 9 and a cutter blade 8, is provided with a guard member or plate 11 overlying the cutter and acting to deflect any contents spurting from a can end, on opening, back towards the can end. The guard member may be a separate attachment adapted to clip on to the opener or be pivotally or flexibly mounted on the opener when of spring steel, plastics or other flexible material. Preferably, however, as shown, the guard member or plate is formed integrally with the cutter from a metal stamping, Fig. 3 (not shown). In modifications Figs. 4 and 5 (not shown), the edge part 11A or the whole of the guard member or plate is spaced above the blade to avoid interference with the rising end of a can being opened.
Patent GB-1146801-A (GB)
Title: Supporting-ring mounting for tiltable vessels, in particular metallurgical vessels
IPC: F16C13/02
Filed: 1966-08-09
Abstract: 1,146,801. Support mountings for tiltable vessels. BETEILIGUNGS-UND PATENTVERWALTUNGS G.m.b.H. 8 Aug., 1967 [9 Aug., 1966], No. 36391/67. Heading F4B. A tiltable metallurgical vessel (not shown) is carried in a supporting ring 1. The supporting ring 1 is secured to a toothed tilting ring 2, bearing on one or more pairs of adjustable rollers 3 at one side, and at the opposite side is connected to a trunnion 6, secured in a support bracket 5. Adjustable plain or roller bearings 7, allow tilting of the supporting ring 1 with respect to trunnion 6. In a modification (Fig. 3), these bearings are located in the support bracket to allow tilting of both the supporting ring and the trunnion.
Patent GB-1444002-A (GB)
Title: Casting method and apparatus
IPC: B22D9/00
Filed: 1973-07-31
Abstract: 1444002 Casting ingots RHEINSTAHL AG 31 July 1973 [5 Aug 1972 23 Oct 1972] 36405/73 Heading B3F A method of casting steel ingots comprises top pouring into elongate chill moulds of not more than 60 litres capacity, the pouring rate being at least 7 kg./sec. and the heat capacity of each mould being greater than the steel cast into it. The pouring rate is preferably in the range 12 to 18 kg/sec. and ratio of the width of each mould cavity to its length may be in the range 1 : 8 to 1 : 15. In the embodiment shown, the moulds 9 are arranged in two rows on a wheel 7 stepwisely rotatable about a horizontal shaft 8. The moulds are filled when positioned at the top of the wheel and the ingots 14 are discharged therefrom on to a conveyer 15 after the wheel has rotated through approximately 180 degrees. The empty moulds are then cooled with air while the wheel undergoes a further 1¢ revolutions to bring it back to the starting position ready for another cycle. Each mould may consist of two angular parts 17 and 18, and a bottom part 19 provided with a pin 22 which fits into a seating 23 of the wheel 7. The two parts 17 and 18 are held together by rings 24 and 25 and springs 26 but may be forced apart against the action of the springs to facilitate removal of the ingot. This may be achieved by means of a guide rail which engages tongues 30 integral with the parts 17 and 18 respectively. The upper ring 24 is provided with a ring gear 10 which engages with a rack 11 so that the mould is rotated stepwisely about its longitudinal axis during its movement from the pouring position to the discharge position. This rotation of the mould ensures a uniform solidification of the ingot over all its surfaces which permits its removal from the mould while a substantial portion thereof is still liquid. The ingot may be cooled after its removal from the mould by water sprays, immersion in a tank of water or by air cooling. In another embodiment, Figs. 1 to 3 (not shown) the moulds (1) are suspended in two rows on the frame (3) of a turntable (2) which may be moved stepwisely to bring the moulds beneath a stationary ladle (5). After each mould has been filled a series of water-cooled copper members (6) may be applied to the surface of the metal to produce an accelerated cooling thereof. By using members of increasing weight, the solidified metal is forced into the ingot to such an extent that no cavities can form therebeneath during the solidification process. The moulds are provided with hinged bottoms 4 which may be opened to permit the ingots to slide out of the mould. After removal of the ingots the moulds are sprayed with a protective coating and cooled by means of air blown therethrough. In a modification, the moulds are stationary and the ladle moves.
Patent GB-1478644-A (GB)
Title: Aluminium soldering
IPC: B23K35/26
Filed: 1974-08-19
Abstract: 1478644 Alloy for soldering aluminium MULTICORE SOLDERS Ltd 7 Aug 1975 [19 Aug 1974 30 Oct 1974] 36461/74 and 47048/74 Headings C7A and C7M [Also in Division B3] A fluxed solder composition comprising a flux for use in aluminium soldering, other than a rosin flux, and a soft solder alloy having a melting point of less than 300‹C and consisting of apart from incidental ingredients and impurities:- Pb at least 35% Sn at least 10% Ag at least 0À1 + 5 x 10<SP>-4</SP>(Sn)<SP>2</SP> + 1 x 10<SP>-5</SP> (Sn)<SP>3</SP> Cu 0 to 3% The flux may be an organic flux of composition:- amine, e.g. diethylenetriamine, 20 to 80 parts by weight, fluoboric acid and/or salts thereof, e.g. ammonium fluoborate and zinc fluoborate, 5-60 parts by weight, metal oxide(s), e.g. zinc oxide or cadmium oxide, 0 to 15 parts by weight wherein the fluoboric acid and/or salts thereof may be replaced by alkali metal and/or ammonium halides, e.g. lithium chloride, ammonium chloride or sodium fluoride. Alternatively the flux may be a reaction flux of composition:- 50-90 parts by weight of heavy metal chlorides, e.g. stannous chloride and zinc chloride, optionally up to 50 parts by weight of alkali metal and/or ammonium halides, e.g. lithium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium fluoride, and up to 10 parts by weight of melting and/or reducing agents, e.g. hydrazine hydrachloride and aleic acid. The solder composition may be prepared as a flux cored solder or a mixture of flux and discrete solder alloy particles and may be used in stick, wire or ribbon form to join aluminium or aluminium alloy to copper, brass, nickel, steel or stainless steel e.g. in a T piece configuration the soldered joints being masked with cold water after soldering.
Patent GB-1149393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions
IPC: B24B57/02
Filed: 1966-08-15
Abstract: 1,149,393. Lubricants. SINCLAIR RESEARCH Inc. 15 Aug., 1966 [17 Aug., 1965], No. 36494/66. Heading C5F. [Also in Division C7]  An emulsifiable lubricant comprises (A) 0À5- 16À5 parts by weight of a C 12 -C 24  fatty acid partial ester of hexitol anhydride, (B) 1-33 parts by weight of a polyoxyethylene derivative of a C 12 -C 24  fatty acid partial ester of hexitol anhydride containing 2-25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of ester, (C) 0À5- 16À5 parts by weight of an alkylaryl polyether alcohol containing 5-10 ether groups, (D) 1-33 parts by weight of an alkylaryl polyether alcohol containing 11-20 ether groups and at least two ether groups more than (C) and (E) from 1-97 wt. per cent (based on the total weight of the composition) of a lubricating oil; the weight ratio of A : B : C : D being from 1 to 4 : from 1 to 4 : from 1 to 4 : from 1 to 4 respectively. The lubricant may also contain 0À5-15 parts by weight of lard oil and 0À5-30 parts by weight of a light petroleum fraction, e.g. kerosene. The preferred ingredients are (A) sorbitan mono-oleate, (B) ethoxylated sorbitan trioleate and (C) and (D ethoxylated dimethyl benzene. The lubricating oil may be mineral or synthetic, e.g. polyesters and polyolefins.