Patent GB-1068897-A (GB)
Title: Process for the reduction of metal oxides
IPC: C21B13/00
Filed: 1964-04-19
Abstract: Metal oxides are reduced at above 1200 DEG F. with reducing gases containing carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen, and effluent gases from the reduction zone are withdrawn at above 1200 DEG C. and cooled to below 900 DEG F. in less than 5 seconds, freed of carbon dioxide, and water if present, compressed at ambient temperature, reheated to above 1200 DEG F. in less than 5 seconds and recycled to the reducing zone.  In a modification of the process, the recycle gases may be gradually reheated to 800 DEG  to 900 DEG F. and then heated to above 1200 DEG F. in less than five seconds.  The operation may be carried out as a series of fluid bed processes with the reducing gases acting as fluidizing gases, inert gases e.g. nitrogen added optionally. The reducing gases may be provided by a catalytic or non-catalytic gas reformer, or a fluid coke gasification unit.  In one embodiment of the invention, iron oxides are reduced to essentially iron in at least two reduction stages, the recycle gases being removed from the reduction zone containing iron in the highest state of oxidation, regenerated, compressed, reheated and introduced to the reducing zone containing the most highly reduced iron oxides. In Fig. 1 (not shown) iron ore, essentially Fe2O3, preground to -4 mesh is fed from bin 50 to ferric reduction zone A into bed 10 fluidized by partially spent reducing gas containing CO, H2, HO2, N2 introduced through 29.  Bed 10 is preheated to 1400 to 1800 DEG F. or by partial combustion of the reducing gas with air, and ferric reduction zone A is at say 10 p.s.i.g.  Effluent gases from A are vented after separation of entrained iron oxide particles in gas cyclone separator 24.  Fe3O4 in bed overflows [into 16] to ferrous reducing zone B, at pressure 15 p.s.i.g., into bed 9 maintained at 1200 to 1800 DEG F. by the sensible heat of the fluidizing, reducing gas. Effluent gases from zone B after separation of entrained particles in cyclone 21 are sent through valve 28 to ferric reducing zone A, and 1/3 to 2/3 109ahrough valve 31 to water quench zone 33 and cooled to below 900 DEG F. in 0.5 to 5 seconds.  FeO overflows to zone C, at 20 p.s.i.g. pressure, into bed 8 maintained at 1400 to 1600 DEG F. by the sensible heat of the fluidizing, reducing gases containing no CO2 or H2O and wherein the oxide is reduced to 85 to 98% iron and withdrawn by overflow into 48 to container 49. Effluent gases after separation of entrained solids in cyclone 17 are sent to ferrous reducing zone B.  Preheated liquid naphtha and air are fed to zone D, pressure 30 p.s.i.g., containing a fluidized bed 3 of coke at 1800 to 2200 DEG F.  Gases containing only CO, H2, N2 are withdrawn through cyclone 5 for use as fluidizing, reducing gas in zone C. Withdrawn effluent gases in quench zone 33 can be cooled to below dew point and condensed water removed. The gases are scrubbed with ethanol amine in zone 37, contacted directly or indirectly with cold water in zone 40 compressed at ambient temperature by compressor 44 to 35 p.s.i.g., heated indirectly to 800 to 900 DEG F. in gas furnace 46 then heated to 1600 to 2200 DEG F. in 0.5 to 3 seconds by introduction into zone D or by blending with the hot gases from zone D and recycled to zone C.ALSO:Metal oxides are reduced at above 1200 DEG  F. with reducing gases containing carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen, and effluent gases from the reduction zone are withdrawn at above 1200 DEG  C. and cooled to below 900 DEG  F. in less than 5 seconds, freed of carbon dioxide and water if present, recompressed at ambient temperature, reheated to above 1200 DEG  F. in less than 5 seconds and recycled to the reducing zone.  In a modification of the process, the recycle gases may be gradually reheated to 800 DEG  to 900 DEG  F. and then heated to above 1200 DEG  F. in less than five seconds.  The operation may be carried out as a series of fluid bed processes with the reducing gases acting as fluidizing gases, inert gases, e.g. nitrogen added optionally.  The reducing gases may be provided by a catalytic or non-catalytic gas reformer, or a fluid coke gasification unit. In one embodiment of the invention, iron oxides are reduced to essentially iron in at least two reduction stages, the recycle gases being removed from the reduction zone containing iron in the highest state of oxidation, regenerated, compressed, reheated and introduced to the reducing zone containing the most highly reduced iron oxides.  In Fig. 1 (not shown) iron ore, essentially Fe2O3, preground to - 4 mesh is fed from bin 50 to ferric reduction zone A into bed 10 fluidized by partially spent reducing gas containing CO, H2, HO2, N2 introduced through 29.  Bed 10 is preheated to 1400 DEG  to 1800 DEG  F. or by partial combustion of the reducing gas with air, and ferric reduction zone A is at say 10 p.s.i.g.  Effluent gases from A are vented after separation of entrained iron oxide particles in gas cyclone separator 24. Fe3O4 in bed 10 overflows to ferrous reducing zone B, at pressure 15 p.s.i.g., into bed 9 maintained at 1200 DEG  to 1800 DEG  F. by the sensible heat of the fluidizing, reducing gas.  Effluent gases from B after separation of entrained particles in cyclone 21 are sent through valve 28 to ferric reducing zone A, and 1/3 to 2/3 through valve 31 to water quench zone 33 and cooled to below 900 DEG  F. in 0.5 to 5 seconds.  FeO overflows to zone C, at 20 p.s.i.g. pressure, into bed 8 maintained at 1400 DEG  to 1600 DEG  F. by the sensible heat of the fluidizing, reducing gases containing no CO2 or H2O and wherein the oxide is reduced to 85 to 98% iron and withdrawn by overflow into 48 to container 49. Effluent gases after separation of entrained solids in cyclone 17 are sent to ferrous reducing zone B.  Preheated liquid naphtha and air are fed to zone D at pressure 30 p.s.i.g., containing a fluidized bed 3 of coke at 1800 DEG  to 2200 DEG  F. Gases containing only CO, H2, N2 are withdrawn through cyclone 5 for use as fluidizing, reducing gas in zone C.  Withdrawn effluent gases in quench zone 33 can be cooled to below dew point and condensed water removed. The gases are scrubbed with ethanol amine in zone 37, contacted directly or indirectly with cold water in zone 40 compressed at amibient temperature by compressor 44 to 35 p.s.i.g., heated indirectly to 800 DEG  to 900 DEG  F. in gas furnace 46 then heated to 1600 DEG  to 2200 DEG  F. in 0.5 to 3 seconds by introduction into zone D or by blending with the hot gases from zone D and recycled to zone C.