Patent GB-638293-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for reclaiming and treating composite material
IPC: C08J11/16
Filed: 1947-03-26
Abstract: Scrap composite material comprising acid-resistant <PICT:0638293/IV (a)/1> plastic material and cellulosic material associated therewith, e.g. old rubber tyres, is subjected to a reclaiming operation which comprises bringing the material into a condition such that the cellulosic material is not completely enclosed by the plastic material, e.g. by cutting it into pieces, treating the material with the vapour of an acid which has a degrading effect on cellulose in the presence of moisture until the cellulosic material becomes friable, and then subjecting the composite material to a physical disintegrating treatment until the degraded cellulose is reduced to powder, the acid treatment being carried out in presence of sufficient water to effect degradation, but insufficient to render the material wet, so that the material is substantially dry during the acid vapour treatment and disintegrating treatment.  The moisture content of the material should be less than 25 per cent.  The finely-powdered degraded cellulose material may be separated from the coarser pieces of plastic material by means of an air current or by screening.  It may be dissolved and used for the production of artificial fibres, or it may be subjected to fermentation to produce an alcohol such as butyl alcohol, or it may be treated to produce activated carbon black.  The plastic material may be vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber and it may be subjected to any customary reclaiming process after separation of the powdered cellulose material.  If desired, the disintegrated cellulosic material may be allowed to remain in the plastic material as a finely-divided filler material.  The cellulosic material may consist of fibres or yarns of cotton, hemp, jute, linen, sisal, ramie, wood or rayon.  Instead of rubber, the plastic material may be a rubber-like material such as balata, guayule or guttapercha; a polymer of butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene or isobutylene, or a copolymer of such substance with styrene, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate; a polymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride; an asphaltic substance; or a phenolic, melamine or ureaaldehyde resin. The acid vapour employed may be that of hydrochloric, nitric or sulphuric acid.  The vapour of a constant boiling mixture of hydrochloric acid and water, i.e. a mixture containing about 21 per cent of HCl is preferred.  The apparatus employed comprises an enclosed chamber and means for supporting the composite material so as to facilitate its permeation with acid vapour, means for continuously supplying acid vapour, a crushing device for pulverizing the degraded cellulosic material and preferably means for maintaining a sufficiently high temperature in the chamber to prevent condensation of the acid vapour upon the material.  As shown in Fig. 1, the material to be treated after being ground is placed in a preheating chamber 39 and forwarded by screw 45 to the inclined rotatable chamber 10.  The inner surface 48 of chamber 10 is provided with ribs 49, extending longitudinally.  As the chamber rotates, the ribs raise portions of the ground material and then allow them to slide off and drop to the floor of the chamber.  The material gradually progresses down the inclined chamber and falls into a terminal heating chamber 50.  The material is removed through door 51.  A constant boiling hydrochloric acid solution is placed in chamber 25 which is heated to provide a continuous flow of acid vapour through the chamber 10.  The acid vapour passes through flue 34 to a recovery apparatus.  Chamber 10 is provided with a jacket 15 through which heating fluid may be circulated to prevent condensation of acid on the material being treated.  The material removed from chamber 50 may be disintegrated in a hammer mill, roller mill or ball mill. In another construction of apparatus, the treating chamber is stationary and horizontal and is provided with an endless perforated belt which conveys the material to be treated through the chamber and allows it to be permeated with the acid vapour. p  The material drops off the belt at the end of the run and is collected in the terminal heating chamber.