baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-683647-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of gas
IPC: C10B49/00
Filed: 1950-09-06
Abstract: 683,647. Gas-producers. JONES, W. D. (Otto & Co., Geb, C.). Aug. 28, 1951 [Sept. 6, 1950], No. 21917/50. Class 55 (i). Fuel having a high ash content is gasified in a vertical oven through which the fuel descends, the gasification medium passing transversely through the fuel in such manner that gasification is initiated in the fuel adjacent to the wall through which the gasification medium is introduced and, as the fuel descends, progresses towards the opposite wall, the temperature of the fuel being kept below the fusing point of the ash. The oven is of rectangular section, the distance between the walls 22, 24 being small relatively to the distance between the other walls of the rectangle. Gasification medium, i.e. air or oxygen-enriched air, and steam, is introduced through apertures 23 in the wall 22, and the gases leave through apertures 25 in the opposite wall 24. Distribution and collecting chambers 18, 19 are connected to pipes 20, 21. The fuel is fed by a hopper 11 to a drying and pre-heating zone 12 from which it falls, past an igniting device 13, to the upper zone 14 where gasification is initiated and possibly, according to the nature of the fuel, degassing or distillation. Gasification is continued in the zone 15 and in a final cooling zone 16 leading to a two-way discharge 17. The temperature of the gasification medium admitted to the zone 14, 15 is higher and the oxygen content is lower than that of the medium admitted to the zone 16. The supply arrangements for gasification medium are shown in Fig. 3, the pre-heating in the zone 12 being effected by steam from a gas-heated superheater 30 having an exhaust fan 32 for combustion products. The steam generated in the zone 12 is withdrawn, with the original steam, by the blower 33 and is, in part, returned to the zone 12 after superheating and, in part, passed by the blower 36 through the superheater 30 and pipe 38 to the gasification zones 14, 15. The blower 36 also draws water-saturated air from a chamber 49 through a pipe 37. The productgas is passed by a pipe 39 to a cooler 40, the cooling water from which is passed by a pump 47 to the spray chambers 49, 48 which receive air, for supply to the zones 14, 15, 16, from a blower 50. The product-gas is washed at 41 and is passed to the place of use by a blower 42. The gas from the zone 16, being similar to producer gas, is used in the superheater 30, and some may be taken by pipe 51 for admission to the zones 14, 15. As shown, ignition is initiated by a gas-burner 43. Alternatively it may be effected by heating the wall through which the gasification medium enters the oven, or highly heated air or oxygen, or combustion products at a high temperature may be admitted to the oven.
Patent GB-923476-A (GB)
Title: Control device for jigging machines for the separation of mixtures of loose material
IPC: B03B5/24
Filed: 1961-06-16
Abstract: 923,476. Jig washers. BETEILIGUNGSUND PATENTVERWALTUNGS-G.m.b.H. June 16, 1961 [June 18, 1960], No. 21928/61. Class 117. The discharge gate 6 of a jig 1 is maintained in a position such that only the heavier separated material passes below it, the lighter material being discharged above it, and the control device for the purpose comprises a float 4, two induction generators 5, 10 with their armatures in series and servomotor 9 driven from the generator 10 and operating the gate 6 through a rod 7. The float rests on the lower layer of material, of higher specific gravity, and as it moves up and down with variation of the composition of the material it imparts angular movement to the armature 5a of the induction generator 5. A corresponding change in voltage occurs in the armature 10a of an induction generator 10 and induces a voltage in the stator 10b, 10c proportional to the difference between the position of the float 4 and the position of the gate 6, which differential voltage is applied to a phase-selective rectifier arrangement 11. The output voltage of the rectifier varies as the change in the difference in position of the float 4 and gate 7, and to transmit a mean value of this difference in position to a regulator 13 the output of the rectifier 11 is amplified in an amplifier 12 and smoothed by a feedback circuit in which a resistance 15 is connected in parallel with a condenser 14. The regulator 13 controls the servomotor 9 which reciprocates the rod 7 through suitable mechanism. By using another induction generator driven by the induction generator 5 and a suitable electric circuit, the pressure of compressed air which causes the water pulsating in the jig can be made to correspond with the specific gravity of the material. If the pulsations are caused by other means the same control can be exercised by a servo mechanism. By using yet another induction generator the frequency of the pulsations can be controlled.
Patent GB-764007-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to processes for washing and cleansing natural or synthetic fibres
IPC: C11D1/38
Filed: 1954-07-28
Abstract: Natural or synthetic fibres are washed at a temperature not exceeding 50 DEG C. in a liquid containing at least 0.85 grams per litre of a substance which will confer a positive charge upon the fibres and dirt, at least a part of which substance is a quaternary ammonium, arsonium or phosphonium or ternary sulphonium compound containing at least one hydrocarbon residue having about 6 to 20 carbon atoms, which residue may contain heteroatoms or groups and substituents.  A number of quaternary ammonium compounds are specified, the anions of which are halides, bisulphates and methosulphates.  The fibres treated may be composed of wool, polyamides, polyesters, vinyl polymers, acrylic acid esters and acrylonitrile.  The washing liquid may contain a colloid which will confer a positive charge on the fibres and dirt or, for the same purpose, an acid or an acid salt. The colloid may be a high molecular weight polyhydric alcohol, polyether, polyether-alcohol, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, starch derivative or polyalkylene oxide wax.  The acid additive may be sulphuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, boric, formic, acetic, lactic or adipic acid or a bisulphate, monophosphate or monocitrate.  The washing liquid may also include aluminium sulphate formate or lactate or a salt of another polyvalent metal or of a polyvalent organic base, and a non-ionic surface active agent, e.g. an ethylene oxide reaction product with a high molecular weight alcohol, amine, mercaptan, carboxylic or sulphonic acid or amide thereof or an ester or ether formed from a high molecular weight carboxylic acid or alcohol and a polyglycerine, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol or sugar.  In examples, washing liquors comprise aqueous solutions of: (1) tetradecylpyridinium bromide at 35 DEG C.; (2) octadecoxycarboxymethyl - cyclohexyl - dimethyl - ammonium chloride and acetic acid at 40 DEG C.; (3) hexa-decoxy-carboxymethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride, aluminium formate and formic acid at 40 DEG C.; (5) octadecoxy - carboxymethyl - cyclohexyl - dimethyl ammonium chloride, acetic acid and methyl cellulose at 40-50 DEG C. and (7) tetradecoxy - carboxymethyl - trimethyl - ammonium chloride, a condensation product of dodecyl alcohol and ethylene oxide, acetic acid and hydroxyethlycellulose at 25 DEG C.  Specifications 422,466, 434,810 and 444,169 [all in Group IV] are referred to.
Patent GB-1210178-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of isocyanates
Inventor: ZECHER WILFRIED
IPC: C08G18/69
Filed: 1968-05-10
Abstract: 1,210,178. Isocyanates. FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER A.G. 10 May, 1968 [12 May, 1967], No. 22228/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C3] Isocyanate-containing reaction products are obtained by reacting Schiff's bases of the formula wherein R 1  represents an n-functional alkyl or cycloalkyl radical which may be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms, or an aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclic radical all of which may be substituted; R 2  represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical which may be substituted or a  group; R 3  and R 4  represent H or alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl radicals; or R 2  and R 3  together form a 5- to 7-membered cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic ring which may be substituted and n is 1, 2 or 3 with the proviso that when R 2   is R 1  is C 6 H 11 , R 3  and R 4  are H and n is one, are reacted at temperatures of - 30‹ to 250‹ C. with polyisocyanates of the formula wherein R 5  represents an x-functional alkyl, cycloalkyl aralkyl or aryl group which may be substituted or which may be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms and x is 2 or 3. The process may be carried out batchwise or continuously with or without a solvent. Catalysts may be added to the reaction mixture. Examples are given for the production of the compounds.
Patent GB-590190-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hair pins, hair grips, and fasteners
IPC: A45D8/02
Filed: 1944-11-11
Abstract: 590,190. Hair dressing appliances. RAY, B. M. Nov. 11, 1944, No. 22237. [Class 131] A hairpin, hair grip or fastener comprises a pair of outer prongs a, within which and in the plane of which lie a pair of inner prongs e, each pair of prongs being formed from U-shaped wire and joined together by twisting one base about the other. The inner prongs slightly exceed two thirds the length of the outer, the tips being bent towards or away from each other in the plane of the prongs. In a modification the inner prongs may be joined together and the tip l of the tongue k so formed may be bent.outwardly from the plane of the pin.
Patent GB-1495887-A (GB)
Title: Semi-permeable composite membranes
IPC: B01D71/42
Filed: 1976-05-28
Abstract: 1495887 Semi - permeable membranes RHONE - POULENC INDUSTRIES 28 May 1976 [30 Mav 1975] 22340/76 Addition to 1473857 Headings B1X and B2E A semi - permeable composite membrane comprises a) a water insoluble polymeric outer skin active in reverse osmosis and b) an anisotropic ultrafiltration membrane of an acrylonitrile polymer which may be flat, tubular, spiral, conical, or a solid or hollow cord. The polymer forming the skin has a molecular weight sufficiently great that the anisotropic ultrafiltration membrane possesses a degree of rejection of 100% with respect to solutions of this polymer and the outer skin a) is in contact with at least the less porous side of the anisotropis ultrafiltration membrane b).  The anisotropic ultrafiltration membrane may be a homo or copolymer of acrylonitrile and many suitable comorones are disclosed. Suitable polymers for the outer skin a) include cellulose ethers and cellulose esters, e.g. cellulose diacetates, triacetates and acetates with an intermediate degree of acetylation. Preferred polymers for the outer skin are water insoluble polymers having sulphonic acid groups or quaternary ammonium group, especially the optionally salified polyaryl ether sulphones. A reinforcement may be embedded in the ultrafiltration membrane, e.g. a woven or knitted fabric, net or paper. Such reinforcements may be of polyolefins, e.g. polypropylene, or of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile or cellulose acetate. The composite membranes may be prepared by coating an anisotropic ultrafiltration membrane with an organic solvent solution of a polymer active in reverse osmosis and evaporating the solvent. Partial evaporation may be followed by coagulation in a non- solvent, eg. water. Coating of one or both faces of the membrane may be by dipping or by passing the ultrafiltration membrane against a drum or roller partially immersed in the coating solution. Spraying electrodeposition, electrostatic spraying and in the case of tubes, moving a cylindrical object through the tube pushing the solution to be deposited may also be employed. The membranes may be used to fractionate sea water, brackish water, industrial effluents such as that from catalytic reactions or metal extraction, solutions of transition metals or, heavy metals, sugars, enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids and other heat labile products. They may also be used to fractionate nutrient juices, fruit juices, meat juices, milk, whey, blood plasma dialysis baths used in haemodialysis and ultrafiltrates from blood.
Patent GB-880629-A (GB)
Title: Polyvinyl chloride with improved mechanical properties
IPC: C08F114/06
Filed: 1959-07-01
Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride characterized simultaneously by a crystallinity of 10 to 20% and a K value of 90 to 120 is particularly resistant to thermal deformation and is free from brittleness at room temperature. Such polyvinyl chloride may be prepared by polymerizing polyvinyl chloride in the presence of a boron trialkyl catalyst as described in Specification 864,137, the temperature being chosen so that the desired crystallinity is obtained when the polymer is fully crystallized.  The K value may be controlled by variation of catalyst concentration and the addition of chain transfer agents. Alternatively, the polyvinyl chloride may be made more than 20% crystallizable (e.g. by the process of Specification 847,676), but crystallized only to a degree within the specified range using known methods such as heat treatment (annealing) and mechanical deformation (malaxation, compression or tensile stress).  In the example, liquid vinyl chloride is polymerized at -40 DEG  C. under one atmosphere of nitrogen containing oxygen contributing a partial pressure of 100 mm./Hg using tributyl boron as catalyst.  The product is stabilized with dibasic lead stearate, calcium stearate and lead phthalate (1% each) and 1/2 % anthracene and is then first malaxated at 200 DEG  C. for 5 minutes and secondly compressed under a pressure of 200 Kg./sq. cm. at 210 DEG  C. for 2 minutes to develop a crystallinity of 15 to 20%.  The K value is between 100 and 105. Specification 820,675 also is referred to.
Patent GB-1550225-A (GB)
Title: Electrical apparatus comprising parts of rigid foam
IPC: H01B3/24
Filed: 1976-06-01
Abstract: In spite of starting raw materials which, in terms of production, do not appear to be favourable for insulating purposes, mechanically load-bearing, low-temperature withstanding rigid-foam insulating parts of electrical equipment must not only be of a material-saving and consequently weight-saving design but also in particular must be able to bear high mechanical loads and have an adequate high-voltage resistance as well as extensive thermal insensitivity in the range of the operating temperatures. In order to achieve this, the foam framework of the rigid-foam insulating parts consists of expandable polymers, in the foam cells of which there is at least one blowing agent, serving as a dielectric, which has at most a dielectric strength similar to that of air. It is particularly advantageous in this case if the rigid-foam insulating parts have an integral foam structure, the foam framework consists of polyurethane or epoxy resin and the blowing agent contains low-boiling Halocarbons or low-boiling noble gases but also sulphur hexafluoride, oxygen or hydrogen as a blowing agent additive. Such rigid-foam insulating parts are distinguished by good flexural, compressive and tensile strength, also by a particularly dielectric strength, the long-term electrical behaviour of the parts being affected little by the blowing agent being partially replaced by air.
Patent GB-751192-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to supercharged internal combustion engines
IPC: F01N5/00
Filed: 1954-08-06
Abstract: 751,192. Turbines. MITSUBISHI SHIPBUILDING & ENGINEERING CO., Ltd. Aug. 6, 1954, No. 22944/54. Class 110(3) [Also in Group XXVII] A supercharger 2 for an engine 1 is powered only by an exhaust-driven turbine 3 and a turbine 5 driven by steam raised in a boiler 4 by the exhaust gases from the turbine 3. At starting, steam raised in an auxiliary boiler 6 and normally used for other purposes is fed to the turbine 5. A pump 8 feeds water, derived in a condenser 7 from the spent steam of the turbine 5, to the boilers 4, 6.
Patent GB-501401-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to thermostatic control means for electric ovens
IPC: G05D23/275
Filed: 1937-08-23
Abstract: 501,401. Thermal switches. REVO ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and REEVES, F. H. Aug. 23, 1937, Nos. 23004 and 34665. [Class 38 (v)] In a control-device for the thermostat of an electric cooking-oven, an electric lamp 30 is disposed coaxially with, and if desired within, a rotatable control-knob 19 of the device, which lamp indicates when the electric circuit associated with the thermostat is made. The thermostat may be in the form of a bellows 2 within a housing 1 secured upon the front of the cooker by a nut 5 upon a screwed extention 4. Within the latter is a member 8 carrying an extension 17 to which is secured, by a spring 22 with or without a nut, the knob 19; the member 8 is internally threaded for engagement with a sleeve 10 having diametrically-opposed arms 11 which engage members 12 to prevent rotation of the sleeve whilst permitting its axial displacement for setting the thermostat. The sleeve 10 contains a bulb-holder 23 and leads 28 and the knob has a transparent portion 21 and a conical calibrated skirt 20. A pointer 7 and a member 15 to limit rotation of the knob are also provided. The Provisional Specifications describe an arrangement in which the extension of the bellows housing is also screwed internally to receive a threaded sleeve housing the bulb holder and through which pass the leads, and which has an outturned flange to which is secured the knob. Moreover, according to the second Provisional Specification, the sleeve 10 may be replaced by a cup-shaped member.
Patent GB-895464-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sulphones
IPC: C07C317/14
Filed: 1959-07-03
Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic sulphones of the general formula R-SO2-R1 where R and R1 are similar or dissimilar aryl groups which may be substituted is characterized in that a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon of formula R1H, where H represents a replaceable hydrogen atom and R1 has the meaning given above, is reacted with a mixed anhydride of the general formula R-SO2-O-SO2-O-R11 in which R is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and R11 is an alkyl group containing 1-6 C atoms, and the resulting sulphone is isolated.  The mixed anhydrides used in the process may be produced by (a) reacting an alkyl pyrosulphate of the formula R11O-SO2-O-SO2-OR11 with a sulphonic acid of the formula R-SO3H or (b) reacting sulphur trioxide and a sulphonic acid ester of the formula R-SO3-R11 where R and R11 havethe meanings given above. In a variant of method (a) a solution of sulphur trioxide in an alkyl pyrosulphate containing 1-6 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups is reacted with an aromatic compound of the formula R-H when the sulphone produced is symmetrical, i.e. R=R1.  The alkyl pyrosulphates used in the process are produced by the action of sulphur trioxide, e.g. in the form of the commercial trimer, on the corresponding alkyl sulphate or oxide, e.g. dimethyl or diethyl sulphate or oxide.  The preparation of p-methyl-, 4-chloro-, 4,41-dimethyl-,3,4,31,41-tetrachloro-and 4,41-dichlorodiphenyl sulphones and diphenyl sulphone is described.
Patent GB-216759-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to variable speed gear mechanism, suitable for motor cycles, and the like
IPC: B62M9/04
Filed: 1923-09-15
Abstract: 216,759. Enfield Cycle Co., Ltd., and Smith, R. W. Sept. 15, 1923. Variable-speed gearing suitable for motor-cycles is controlled by a lever such as 23 acting through an arrangement of crossed cam slots 16, 22. The gear comprises loose gear-wheels 9, 10 on the end of a countershaft 6 with split clutch rings adapted to be expanded by radial plungers 2, 3 operated alternatively by a cam 1 on a spindle 11 movable axially within the countershaft, as described in Specification 25523/10. Through the far end of the spindle 11 passes a transverse pin 19 extending through a pair of grooves 22 in a sleeve 13 secured to the lever 23, and through a pair of helical grooves 16 in an outer fixed bearing 14. The sleeve is prevented from moving axially by a pin 17, so that angular displacement of the lever 23 causes axial displacement of the spindle 11. The pin 19 carries antifriction rollers 20, 21, and the lever 23 is preferably operated by foot.
Patent GB-805732-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the preparation of microscopic test slides to facilitate the counting of particles
Inventor: WHITAKER ALFRED
IPC: G01N1/28
Filed: 1954-08-09
Abstract: A test-slide bearing a sample of dust or like particle is subjected to molecular bombardment (i.e. coated by evaporation in vacuo or cathode sputtering and the dust subsequently removed from the slide to leave transparent areas in an optically opaque coating, each area corresponding in size and shape to a particle. Preferably, the bombarding source is small compared to the range of bombardment and the direction of bombardment is normal to the surface of the slide. The particles may be removed by a brush or a jet of fluid.  The coating may be of gold or aluminium and a further coating of quartz may be applied by bombardment either before or after removal of the particles.  Specification 443,934 is referred to.
Patent GB-1426870-A (GB)
Title: Appatus and method for straightening tubes
IPC: B21C51/00
Filed: 1972-05-18
Abstract: 1426870 Bending tubes POST OFFICE 9 May 1973 [18 May 1972] 23372/72 Heading B3E [Also in Divisions G1 and G3] A portion of a tube is straightened by a force dependent upon the measured deviation from straightness of that portion. As shown, a waveguide tube 1 is moved past fixed heads 3, 5, 7 that measure the deviation from straightness of the tube bore before, at and after correction. The tube is straightened by movable rollers or, as shown, an hydraulic die 15 according to the difference between the actual correction applied to a tube portion measured at die 15 by head 5 and a time lagged required correction of the same tube portion as measured by head 3. The gain for the signal from head 3 may be variable and the time delay, which is equal to the time taken for the tube to pass from head 3 to head 5, comprise a magnetic drum with spaced "read on" and "read off" heads and whose speed is proportional to the tube speed. Each head 3, 5, 7 may comprise fixed legs 21, 23 with a movable leg 22 therebetween, the output of each head, which is recorded by pen recorder 33, being electrical or hydraulic and proportional to the displacement of leg 22 i.e. the tube curvature. In alternatives, head 7 may be omitted and the straightness checked by running the tube through the apparatus a second time in either direction, which run may be made with the tube rotated through 90 degrees about its axis relative to the first run. Only one head may be used with feed forward control of correction, or by making three passes to measure and record the required correction, measure the actual correction and to check the straightness. The measurement and correction of the tube may be applied only at spaced intervals with discontinuous tube movement through the apparatus.