Patent GB-1502020-A (GB)
Title: Dispersants and process for their preparation
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1975-02-28
Abstract: 1502020 Lubricants; fuels LUBRIZOL CORP 28 Feb 1975 [15 March 1974 13 Jan 1975] 8534/75 Headings C5F and C5G [Also in Divisions C3 and C2] An additive which has dispersant and detergent properties for lubricant and normally liquid fuel compositions comprises a condensation product prepared by (1) reacting at least one hydroxyaromatic compound containing at least one aliphatic or alicyclic substituent of at least 6 and generally up to 7000 carbon atoms with at least one aldehyde or precursor thereof in the presence of one or more alkaline reagents, at a temperature up to 125 C., then (2) substantially neutralizing, i.e. to a pH of 4À5 to 8À0, the intermediate thus formed at a temperature up to 150 C.; and then (3) reacting the neutralized intermediate with at least one amino compound which contains one or more amino groups having at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to amino nitrogen. The substituent on the hydroxyaromatic compound is preferably derived from the polymerization of olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and isobutene. Suitable amino compounds are ammonia, aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic and carbocyclic monoamines, alkylene polyamines, aromatic polyamines, cyclic polyamines and OH-substituted derivatives of such polyamines, ureas, thioureas, hydroxylamines, hydrazines, guanidines, amidines, amides, thioamides, cyanamides and amino acids. The lubricant may be a natural or synthetic oil, e.g. animal and vegetable oils, mineral oils, oils derived from coal or shale, hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon oils, e.g. polymerized and interpolymerized olefins; alkylbenzenes; polyphenyls; alkylated diphenyl ethers and sulphides; etherified or esterified alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers; dicarboxylic acid esters; esters of C 5 -C 12  monocarboxylic acids and polyols or polyol ethers; polysiloxane and silicate oils; liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids; and polytetrahydrofurans. Generally 0À05-20 p.b.w. of the condensate is dissolved or dispersed in 100 p.b.w. of the lubricant oil. Optional additives in the lubricant compositions include other auxiliary detergents and dispersants, oxidation inhibitors, pour point depressants, extreme pressure agents, colour stabilizers and antifoam agents, numerous examples of which are listed. The liquid fuel may be a petroleum distillate fuel such as gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil, or an alcohol, ether or an organonitro compound or mixtures thereof. The fuel compositions generally contain 1-10,000 p.b.w. of the condensate per million parts of fuel, and may contain conventional addtives, e.g. anti-knock agents, e.g. tetraalkyl lead compounds; lead scavengers, e.g. haloalkanes; deposit preventors, e.g. triaryl phosphates; dyes; cetane improvers; antioxidants, e.g. 2,6-di-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol; rust inhibitors, e.g. alkylated succinic acids and anhydrides; other ashless dispersants, e.g. esters of a mono- or polyol and a mono- or polycarboxylic acid containing at least 30 carbon atoms; and condensation products of substituted phenols, aldehydes, polyamines and aminopyridines. The condensates can be added directly to the fuel or lubricating oil or they can be first diluted with an inert, liquid organic solvent or diluent such as mineral oil, xylene or a liquid fuel, and then added. These concentrates generally contain 20-90% wt. of the condensation product. In the examples fuel compositions are prepared which comprise gasoline, xylene, isoctyl alcohol, various demulsifiers and a condensation product prepared from polyisobutylphenol, paraformaldehyde and polyethylene polyamine; and additionally in one example mineral oil; and lubricant compositions are prepared which comprise either (1) mineral oil, polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride-polyethylenepolyamine-boric acid reaction product, tetrapropenyl succinic acid, the reaction product of alkylphenol, formaldehyde and dimercaptothiadiazole, a sulphurized Diels-Alder adduct, (A) 2,6- di-t-butyl p-cresol, (B) a hindered phenol antioxidant, an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, (C), a vinyl carboxylate-vinyl etherdialkyl fumarate terpolymer, (X), a silicone antifoam agent, (Y), and a condensation product prepared from polyisobutyl phenol, paraformaldehyde and polyethylene polyamine; or (2) mineral oil, basic calcium petroleum sulphonate, a basic calcium salt of alkylphenol sulphide, zinc tetrapropenylphenylphosphorodithioate, (Y), and a condensation product prepared from polyisobutylphenol, paraformaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate; or (3) mineral oil, polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride-polyethylene polyamine reaction product, a pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenyl succinic acid, components (A), (B), (C), (X) and (Y) and a condensation product prepared from tetrapropylphenol, paraformaldehyde and guanidine carbonate.