Patent GB-977510-A (GB)
Title: Immiscible liquids separator
IPC: B01D17/02
Filed: 1963-01-28
Abstract: 977,510. Liquid separators. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. Jan. 28, 1963 [April 26, 1962], No. 3359/63. Heading B1D. Apparatus for separating a mixture of immiscible liquids comprises a closed mixturecontaining vessel 12, a heavy-liquid receiving vessel 30 and a light-liquid receiving vessel 31, a heavy-liquid outlet line 22 having an opening 24 adjacent the bottom of the mixture-containing vessel 12 leading upwardly therefrom to a maximum height at 38 and then downwardly into the heavy-liquid receiving vessel 30, a lightliquid outlet line 23 having an opening 25 adjacent the bottom of the mixture-containing vessel 12 and above the opening 24 of the heavy-liquid outlet line, the said light-liquid outlet line 23 leading upwardly out of the mixture-containing vessel 12 to a maximum height at 39 higher than the maximum height of the heavy-liquid outlet line 22, and thence downwardly to the light-liquid receiving vessel 31, and means for increasing the pressure in the mixture containing vessel which may be a source of inert gas under pressure 20, connected by line 19 and valve 19 to the top of the mixture containing vessel. In the embodiment shown, which is especially suitable for separating molten metal from immiscible molten ceramic, the mixture containing vessel 12 is enclosed in a gas-tight enclosure or bowl 10 and surrounded by a heating means 16. The lines 22 and 23 are heated electrically by resistance heaters 34, 35 and braced by braces 36, 37 and the vessels 30 and 31 are each surrounded by enclosures 26, 27 which are not gas-tight. In operation, opening valve 18 increases the gas pressure in bowl 10 and the liquids move downwards. Heavier liquid, e.g. molten metal 13, rises into both lines 22 and 23, but the rise in line 23 will stop at or slightly above the highest port of line 22 and line 23 will thus be blocked. The bulk of the heavy liquid will then flow through line 22, past 38 and into crucible 30 until the interface 17 falls to the level of the higher end opening 25. Lighter liquid 14, e.g. molten ceramic, will then rise into line 23 and will begin to displace the heavier liquid 13 already in the line, which will begin to flow back into the crucible 12. As the lighter liquid 14 occupies more of the line 23 the total weight of the column of liquid in line 23 will begin to weigh less than the column of entirely heavy liquid 13 in the line 22 and hence, to equalize the pressure, the top of the liquid column in line 23 will begin to rise above the highest part of line 22. If the difference in levels between 38 and 39 has been correctily determined, the weight of the liquid column in line 23 will become less than that in line 22 and the lighter liquid 14 will begin to flow around the U-shaped bend into the vessel 31, but none of the heavier liquid 13 will accompany it since enough of the heavier liquid will have been displaced and drained back into the vessel 12 to make this impossible. Line 22, meanwhile, due to the greater weight of its column of liquid, will be blocked. For this to be effected the internal diameter of line 23 must be large enough to permit displacement of the heavier liquid by the lighter liquid and flow in two directions to take place. In general the greater the difference in densities the smaller the internal diameter of line 23 may be. Where there is little difference in densities, complete separation of the two liquids is assisted by the use of the alternative form of light-liquid outlet line 40 of Fig. 2 which differs from line 23 in two respects, viz. the enlarged portion 41 adjacent the horizontal portion 39 on the side of the mixture-containing vessel 12, which assists displacement of the heavier liquid 13 by the lighter liquid 14, and the bell-mouth 23 attached to end-opening 25, which results in a decrease in the velocity of the fluid and so lessens pick-up of drops of the heavier liquid. Mixtures of liquids which may be separated in the apparatus, provided the inner diameter of line 23, the difference in levels between 39 and 38 and between 24 and 25 are suitably chosen, include mercury and water, acetylene tetrabromide and water, molten cadmium from molten ceramic flux and molten zinc from molten ceramic flux. Radio-active materials, e.g. metal-flux mixtures obtained in the reprocessing of spent fuel from breeder nuclear reactors, may be separated, since manipulation may be carried out by remote control and the method avoids the need to determine the position of the interface.