baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2003167563-A (JP)
Title: Liquid crystal display device
Inventor: OKADA TAKASHI
IPC: G02F1/1343
Filed: 2001-12-04
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device capable of lowering a flicker level without losing an advantage of cost reduction by adopting multiplexer driving.  <P>SOLUTION: In the liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of source lines are connected with each of a plurality of the multiplexers connected with a plurality of the output terminals of a source driver respectively, and a plurality of pixels are connected with each of a plurality of the source lines, and source signals outputted from the output terminals and multiplexed in a time- division manner are written in the pixels while distributing the signals to a plurality of the source lines by the switching elements of the multiplexers, a penetration voltage Vts value generated in the source lines by the switching control signals of the switching elements corresponds to recharging voltage Vrc of the source lines.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003169626-A (JP)
Title: Dairy product flavor
Inventor: FUJIMURA TAICHIRO
IPC: A23L27/10
Filed: 2001-12-05
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dairy product flavor having tasting properties such as a spread with extensibility and impartment of a voluminous feeling, raw milk flavor improving effects or fermentation flavor improving effects on masking of skimmilk powder and impartment of a light taste, an aftertaste with a good cutoff and a raw milk feeling and further connected to effective utilization of a waste whey.  <P>SOLUTION: This dairy product flavor is obtained by bringing a whey into contact with an adsorbent and then eluting adsorbed ingredients from the adsorbent with an ethyl alcohol solution.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003173880-A (JP)
Title: El element and lighting device using the same
Inventor: ISHIKAWA TAKAYUKI
IPC: H05B44/00
Filed: 2001-12-05
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an EL element and lighting device using the same used for various electronic devices with few lowering of brightness, capable of lighting for long period.  <P>SOLUTION: An EL element 10 is structured by making translucent electrode layers 12A, 12B and back side electrode layers 15A, 15B engage with each other with a prescribed distance, and forming a plurality of comb-teeth-shaped layers to the lower surface of a translucent base material 1. The lighting device is structured so that a control means 11 switches the voltage impression to a plurality of layers of the EL element 10 one after the other with a prescribed interval. By the above, the lighting device with few lowering of brightness and capable of lighting for long period can be obtained.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002242620-A (JP)
Title: Valve rotating device
Inventor: GEBAUER KLAUS
IPC: F01L1/32
Filed: 2001-12-06
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a valve rotating device allowing a product cost to be reduced without affecting a rigidity, functions, and service life. SOLUTION: This valve rotating device comprises a valve stem and a base body 1 connected to the valve stem for transmission of a power. The base body comprises a circumferentially directed pocket part 2 for storing a rotating body preliminarily tensed by a tangential spring. In addition, this device comprises a cover part 5 used as a valve spring loading part and a plate spring 4 inserted between the base body and the cover part as a force transmitting device or an energy storage device for rotating a valve. The base body 1 and the cover part 5 are formed of secondarily formed sheet portions.
Patent JP-2003176770-A (JP)
Title: Starter device for internal combustion device
Inventor: YAMAMOTO TAKESHI
IPC: F02N15/02
Filed: 2001-12-10
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a starter device which easily engages a pinion gear with a ring gear before starting an engine easily pulls the pinion gear from the ring gear after starting the engine.  <P>SOLUTION: The ring gear 3 in this starter device 1 is provided with a main body gear 11 and a scissors gear 12. The scissors gear 12 is arranged coaxially with the main body gear 11 and is energized in these rotational direction by a torsion spring 13. A taper widening in a direction separating from the pinion gear 2 along the axial direction of rotational shafts of the main body gear 11 and the scissors gear 12 is formed on a teeth 11A of the main body gear 11 and a teeth 12A of the scissors gear 12. A taper widening in a direction separating from the ring gear 3 along the axial direction of the output shaft 4A is formed on a teeth 2A in the pinion gear 2.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002201922-A (JP)
Title: System and method for operating compression brake
Inventor: CORNELL SEAN O
IPC: F01L9/10
Filed: 2001-12-11
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an appropriate valve opening force at both of an opening event near the bottom dead center and an opening event near the top dead center of an internal combustion engine in a compression brake system. SOLUTION: The compression brake system using a reverse filling between combustion cylinders or the compression brake system which must open the valves twice in a braking cycle maintains the control of the exhaust valve with a proper force under different load conditions. In the first opening event, a piston is positioned at or near the bottom dead center, and a pressure in the combustion cylinder is low. In the second opening event, the piston is positioned near the top dead center, the pressure is lower. During the first opening event, the fluid flowing from a second actuator volume is opposed to a first actuator volume to control the fluid so as to impart the opening force to the exhaust valve. Thus, the movement of the exhaust valve can be slowed down.
Patent JP-2003179898-A (JP)
Title: Contents distribution compensation method, server terminal, client terminal, right management device, and program
Inventor: OKASHIRO SUMITAKA
IPC: H04N21/442
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a contents distribution compensation method that can serve a compensation service depending on contents reproduction quality actually viewed by a contents user to the user.  <P>SOLUTION: A contents reproduction means 11 of a client terminal 1 reproduces streaming contents distributed from a server 2. A compensation data management means 12 collects and stores information with respect to the reproduction quality. A compensation service determining means 63 references a compensation service database to discriminate the necessity of the compensation service. In the case that the compensation service is required because the reproduction quality reaches no prescribed level, a ticket server 61 transmits a compensation ticket to the client terminal 1. The client terminal 1 uses the compensation ticket to receive distribution of the compensation contents from the contents distribution server 2 and to view and hear the contents. The compensation contents are created as download type contents produced from original contents.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003175733-A (JP)
Title: Liquid tank
Inventor: ITO SHIRO
IPC: B60K15/03
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple, easy, stiff structure for a fuel tank of a tractor, a chemicals tank of a pest control machine, and the like.  <P>SOLUTION: A pair of tank elements 1, 2 made from sheet metal material and having a generally C-shaped cross-section is formed by folding both sides portions C, D to center surface portions A, B. The pair of the tank elements 1, 2 are opposed to each other so as to be meshed and fitted with each other, thereby joining each fitting edge portion 3, 4.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003178514-A (JP)
Title: Recording and reproducing device, and recording and reproducing method
Inventor: TERASAKI SETSUO
IPC: G11B20/00
Filed: 2001-12-13
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recording and reproducing device which is convenient for a user since the user uses a tuner in the recording and reproducing device to be able to video-record a TV program even when the recording and reproducing device monitors a video/audio signal from an external input terminal.  <P>SOLUTION: The external input terminal 13 receives a video/audio signal from an external device 2. First and second selectors 14, 16 respectively receive the video/audio signal from an input terminal 11 and external input terminals 12, 13. The first selector 14 selects one of the three video/audio signals selected and entered in response to user's operations and outputs the selected video/audio signal to a recording and reproducing section 15. The second selector 16 selects one among the video/audio signals entered from the input terminal 11, the two external input terminals 12, 13 and reproduced from the recording and reproducing section 15 and outputs the selected video/audio signal to an output terminal 17.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003183010-A (JP)
Title: Method for recovering sulfur
Inventor: MIZUTANI HIROSHI
IPC: C01B17/04
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for recovering sulfur to remove hazardous hydrogen sulfide and to utilize the recovered sulfur while fuel/energy and the like are effectively recovered.  <P>SOLUTION: Sulfur is recovered by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide contained in a biogas with SO<SB>2</SB>for treatment.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003181751-A (JP)
Title: Machine for chamfering edge of plate glass
Inventor: SHIRAI AKIRA
IPC: B24B9/00
Filed: 2001-12-17
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To carry out the side grinding and the corner grinding of a plate glass by a set of chamfering machine, and also to alter time for grinding from a side to a corner in accordance with the length of side length, by moving a rotational grinding stone for the corner in a back and forth direction in compliance with the side length of the plate glass.  <P>SOLUTION: The machine for chamfering the edge of the plate glass comprises a running object 31 provided so as to run retractably by the suitable running means, the retaining stock 37 with a turning function 45 provided so as to retain a mounted plate glass A on this running object by the retaining means, and a rotational grinding stone 40 provided so as to grind the edge of a parallel face in the running direction of the plate glass outside the running way of the running object. Further the machine has a rotational grinding stone 52 for the corner for grinding the corner of the plate glass on a moving carriage by providing a moving carriage 51 made to slide for approaching and breaking away by a suitable running means against a retaining stock to the front of a turning position in the retaining stock through numerical control.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003185543-A (JP)
Title: Tool for analyzing impurity in semiconductor wafer, and impurity analysis method of semiconductor wafer using the tool
Inventor: ARAKI KENJI
IPC: G01N1/28
Filed: 2001-12-18
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for accurately evaluating impurities regarding one portion on the surface of a semiconductor wafer.  <P>SOLUTION: The impurity analysis tool 1 is used for analyzing impurities adhering to a semiconductor wafer and comprises a body 2 where the semiconductor wafer is accommodated, and a lid section 3 that is integrated with the body. The lid section has an opening 5. When the body is integrated with the lid section, a semiconductor wafer W that is accommodated in the body is retained in contact with the lid section, and at the same time only a section 8 that is exposed through the opening can be etched. The semiconductor wafer is retained in contact by the tool, only a portion that is exposed through the opening of the lid section is etched by a chemical liquid, and a recovered chemical liquid is analyzed by using an analyzing apparatus.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003187682-A (JP)
Title: Thermally-actuated switch
Inventor: MIKAMI ISAO
IPC: H01H37/54
Filed: 2001-12-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermally-actuated switch which can prevent the rotation of a bimetal piece when applying an ultrasonic welding, assembled with ease.  <P>SOLUTION: The thermally-actuated switch comprises a bottomed housing 1, a fixed contact point 3 arranged to the inside of the bottom surface of the housing 1; a bimetal piece 5, to one end side of which, a movable contact point 6, having a reversely turning part 5a which can reversely turn in compliance with the temperature, contacting with and separating from the fixed contact point 3, is fixed; and a fixed contact point 4 arranged inside the bottom surface of the housing 1, to which, the other side of the bimetal piece 5 is superposed and fixed in a shape of cantilever. A restriction member 4d made of metal, which restricts the bimetal piece 5 from touching with the outer peripheral part of itself and rotationally shifting in the direction crossing the direction of the reversal turn of the reversely turning part 5a, is formed to the housing 1.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003196924-A (JP)
Title: Real-time alternate processing method for disk and data recording method
Inventor: IWAKI HIROSHI
IPC: G11B20/10
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a real-time alternate processing method for disks to avert the state that AV stream data cannot be normally recorded and a data recording method.  <P>SOLUTION: A free list of a region where data can be recorded without undergoing the alternate processing is formed and after the computer data recorded by undergoing the alternate processing is deleted, the free region of a recordable size is retrieved from the formed free region list and this region is subjected to recording of the AV stream data and the upper limit of the data writing time to an HDD is disposed. When the data writing time exceeds this upper limit, the data under recording in the sector is copied into a saving buffer and thereafter ordinary record processing is executed and when the allowance time arises in the record processing, the data in the saving buffer is recorded into the alternate sector of the disk.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003198041-A (JP)
Title: Optical communication equipment having semiconductor laser module
Inventor: IIDA KAORU
IPC: H04B10/291
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide optical communication equipment with a semiconductor laser module, which prevents an excessive thermo module current from flowing in the heating direction of a thermo module in the semiconductor laser module, and can operate safely and accurately.  <P>SOLUTION: In a semiconductor laser module 1 for exciting an optical fiber amplifier 30, when a thermo module current Itec energized to a thermo module 5 to set a semiconductor laser element 2 to a desired temperature is adjusted based on a temperature T (a thermistor indication temperature Ts) of the semiconductor laser element 2, the maximum allowable current value Itex (max) in the heating direction of the thermo module current when the semiconductor laser element 2 reaches a specific maximum temperature T (max) is calculated based on an environment temperature Tc and drive current Iop at an arithmetic processing section 24, and the level of the thermo module current Itec is limited to the maximum allowable current value Itec (max) or less by a control section 25.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003194108-A (JP)
Title: Drum brake device
Inventor: MAEHARA TOSHIFUMI
IPC: F16D51/50
Filed: 2001-12-25
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of dragging of a brake shoe due to returning failure on a drum brake device provided with a shoe driving cam capable of controlling braking force depending on the braking force.  <P>SOLUTION: This drum brake device is provided with a shoe driving cam 7 mechanically controlling the braking force depending on the braking force from brake shoes 3 and 4 acting on an anchor pin 10. Locking sections for shoe-returning springs 92 and 93 are provided near a center of each cam pin in no-braking period by a spring bracket 28 equipped on the anchor pin 10.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003197601-A (JP)
Title: Tool for removing metal film
Inventor: KAWAGUCHI KAZUHISA
IPC: C23C14/58
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved tool for removing a metal film, which is used when solving resist and at the same time removing an unnecessary metal film with immersing in an organic solvent a metal-film-deposited semiconductor wafer substrate which has been obtained by applying resist onto a semiconductor substrate produced by metal-organic vapor-phase growth, subsequently patterning the same, and then depositing the metal film thereon by vacuum deposition.  <P>SOLUTION: The tool for removing the metal film is provided with a plate body, a member for supporting the plate body, and a support mechanism arranged beneath the plate body, for supporting the metal-film-deposited semiconductor substrate upside down.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2002246980-A (JP)
Title: Telecommunications equipment, system consisting of such equipment and method of telecommunication
Inventor: CHABAS JEAN ALAIN
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To strengthen the functions of telecommunications equipment, having at least one base station and a plurality of secondary stations. SOLUTION: Telecommunications equipment (21, 22 and 23) form a part of a system, having a plurality of base stations (10, 12). This system can relay information between the equipment. Equipment having a plurality of transmitters/receivers (RX1, RX2,..., EXm, and TX1, TX2,..., TXn) is prepared, and exchangers of information are made with other equipment and/or the base station. An applied product example of this equipment is an ODMA radio equipment.
Patent JP-2002245347-A (JP)
Title: Advertisement display method using short message service in mobile communication terminal
Inventor: KIM HYOUNG-CHUL
IPC: H04W4/12
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a short message service(SMS) in a mobile communication terminal to receive advertisement desired to be provided and their relevant advertisement schedule and to display the advertisements in accordance with the advertisement schedule. SOLUTION: In the advertisement display method using the SMS in the mobile communication terminal, the SMS in the mobile communication terminal is used for advertisement display to improve the efficiency of mobile communication and thus the charge for service is reduced, and this method is provided with a stage where advertisement data and advertisement schedule data are received from an advertisement service provider using the SMS and are stored and a stage where this advertisement data is displayed on the mobile communication terminal in accordance with advertisement schedule data.
Patent JP-2003195051-A (JP)
Title: Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device using the same
Inventor: TANEMURA HATSUMI
IPC: G02B1/11
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent generation of deformation on a polarizing plate even when used under a variety of surroundings and to prevent air bubbles from entering thereinto in a manufacturing process of the polarizing plate.  <P>SOLUTION: In the polarizing plate comprising a polarizing film disposed between a cellulose acetate film provided with an optically anisotropic layer composed of a liquid crystalline compound and a cellulose acetate film provided with an antidazzle layer, at least one out of the cellulose acetate film provided with the optically anisotropic layer and the cellulose acetate film provided with the antidazzle layer is adjusted so as to keep an absolute value of the maximum curl in 0-20/m range under surroundings of 25°C and 65% relative humidity.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003198202-A (JP)
Title: Electronic circuit module
Inventor: SAMEJIMA FUMINORI
IPC: H01P1/00
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a device packaging area small and improve workability in assemblying, by employing three-dimensional tab-stage overlapping arrangement for a RF circuit and a control circuit.  <P>SOLUTION: The electronic circuit module is equipped with a RF circuit substrate 17 packaged with a RF circuit 13, a control circuit substrate 12 packaged with control circuits 14a and 14b, and a pair of connecting side substrates 12a and 17a, which is formed integrally at the end of both the RF circuit substrate 17 and the control circuit substrate 12, in a direction crossing the substrate surface and in a way facing each other, and is provided with a connection pad 18 used for connection between the control circuit substrate 12 and the RF circuit substrate 17 at its tip. The module has electrical connections and mechanical connections made simultaneously among connection pads 18 of the connection side substrates 12a and 17a.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003501392-A (JP)
IPC: A61K8/97
Filed: 2000-05-31
Abstract: Extracts of Tanacetum parthenium with a reduced content of alpha-unsaturated gamma-lactones, particularly of parthenolide, obtainable by elution on basic resins are disclosed.The extracts of the invention have favourable pharmacological properties together with reduced risks of allergic reactions.
Patent JP-2003522350-A (JP)
Title: 技術システムの不均衡状態を計算機支援のもとで補償するための装置及び方法ならびにコンピュータプログラム製品及びコンピュータ読み出し可能の記憶媒体
IPC: G06N99/00
Filed: 2000-05-30
Abstract: (57)【要約】
第１の技術システムの不均衡状態を計算機支援のもとで補償するための装置及び方法において、第１のニューラルネットが第１の技術システムを記述し、第２のニューラルネットが第２の技術システムを記述する。第１及び第２のニューラルネットは、第１の技術システムの不均衡状態が第２のニューラルネットによって補償されるように、相互に結合されている。
Patent JP-2003503699-A (JP)
IPC: G01N33/53
Filed: 2000-06-26
Abstract: The invention provides methods and kits for detecting nucleic acids. The methods employ particles and substrates having oligonucleotides attached to them. The presence of a nucleic acid produces a detectable change, such as a change in color, conductivity, or optical density. The invention further provides a method of synthesizing unique nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates, the conjugates produced by the method, kits comprising the conjugates, nanomaterials and nanostructures comprising the conjugates, and methods of using the conjugates.
Patent JP-2003504664-A (JP)
Title: 三次元立体映像装置及びその製作方法
IPC: G02B30/30
Filed: 2000-07-01
Abstract: (57)【要約】
【課題】  ディスプレイ部に位置する原板の製作方法を改善して，原板に位置した合成画像から認識する遠近感及び立体感を高め，立体映像装置を簡素化して，立体感のよい立体映像装置を安価で供給する三次元立体映像装置及びその製作方法を提供する。
【解決手段】  本発明は，原板に印刷された被写体の遠近感及び立体感を高めるために，パララックスバリアを使用する三次元立体映像装置及びその製作方法に関するもので，このため，本発明は，（１）被写体の中心と異なるように写真機の焦点を固定し，（２）相違した位置で被写体を多数回撮影し，（３）こうして撮影した写真を結合して原板を製作し，（４）原板とパララックスバリアフィルム間に透明板を介在して大型の広告板を製作する。
Patent JP-2003505394-A (JP)
Title: 経口活性アンドロゲン
IPC: A61P15/16
Filed: 2000-07-10
Abstract: (57)【要約】
新規経口活性アンドロゲンは、７α置換Δ １４ −ナンドロロン誘導体である。本化合物は、一般式（Ｉ）（式中、Ｒ １ は、Ｏ、（Ｈ，Ｈ）、（Ｈ，ＯＲ）、ＮＯＲであり、この場合、Ｒは、水素、（Ｃ １〜６ ）アルキル、または（Ｃ １〜６ ）アシルであり；Ｒ ２ は、各々が任意にハロゲンで置換された、（Ｃ ２〜４ ）アルキル、（Ｃ ２〜４ ）アルケニル、または（Ｃ ２〜４ ）アルキニルから成る群から選択されるか；またはＲ ２ は、各々が任意に（Ｃ １〜２ ）アルキルまたはハロゲンで置換された、シクロプロピルまたはシクロプロペニルであり；Ｒ ３ は、水素、（Ｃ １〜２ ）アルキルまたはエテニルであり；Ｒ ４ は、（Ｃ １〜２ ）アルキルであり；Ｒ ５ は、水素または（Ｃ １〜１５ ）アシルであり；および点線は、任意の結合を示す）を満たす。
【化１】
Patent JP-2003506302-A (JP)
Title: パリソンの製造方法およびその装置
IPC: C03B9/193
Filed: 2000-07-25
Abstract: (57)【要約】
パリソン成形型（１）はネック部成形型半截体（３，４）とパリソン成形型半截体（５，６）とから構成されている。溶融ガラスのゴブはまず上方の充填オリフィス（２６）を通ってパリソン成形型（１）の凹部（１７）に導入され、圧縮プランジャ（１０）は下方充填位置に配置されている。圧縮部材（４４）と、案内スリーブ（４５）と、ピストン−シリンダ装置（４８）とからなる構成体が充填オリフィス（２６）に導入される。続いて、押圧プランジャ（１０）はその環状端面（２３）がネック部成形型（２）のストッパ面（２４）に対接する所定の位置まで移動するまでその充填位置から上方の端部作動位置にまで上昇される。予備圧縮工程に続いて凹部（１７）内のネック部室には溶融ガラスはいまだ充填されていない。圧縮部材（４４）が製造すべきパリソンの底部（６６）上に押圧力を発生させるのはこの点においてのみである。溶融ガラスは凹部（１７）のこれまで充填されなかったネック部形成室に押圧充填される。パリソンの仕上げ圧縮工程がかくして完了し、そしてパリソン成形型（１）は仕上げ成形ステーションにパリソンを搬送するために開放され得る。
Patent JP-2003506749-A (JP)
Title: 角膜の地形学的分析の新規な方法に基づくソフト・コンタクト・レンズの設計方法
IPC: G02C7/04
Filed: 2000-08-08
Abstract: (57)【要約】
角膜の地形学的な分析によりソフト・コンタクト・レンズを設計するために使用する方法を提供する。角膜の地形学的な情報が対応するソフト・コンタクト・レンズの地形学的な情報に適合される。レンズのたわみにより生じる誤差を最小にするために角膜の隆起形状を曲がっていない状態のソフト・コンタクト・レンズの後面部上にマッピングする幾何学的な変換が用いられる。このマッピング変換処理はたわみの作用を考慮に入れている。この結果として、コンタクト・レンズは上記角膜の特定の隆起形状に適合する曲率を有する後面部を有すると共に、その前面部は球形または任意の所望の対称または非対称の形状にすることができる。