baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202231751-A (TW)
Title: Method for manufacturing sheet for solid secondary battery, and binding agent for solid secondary battery
Inventor: YAMADA TAKAYA
IPC: H01M10/0525
Filed: 2021-12-24
Abstract: Provided are a binding agent and a method for manufacturing an electrode for a solid secondary battery, with which a reduction in electrode resistance can be achieved in an electrode that uses a PTFE, and strength in a positive electrode mixture sheet can be obtained. This method for manufacturing a sheet for a solid secondary battery is characterized by having a step (1) in which a binding agent is used to prepare a composition for creating a secondary battery sheet, said composition substantially not including a liquid medium, and said binding agent being a powder that does not include an active substance and in which a polytetrafluoroethylene resin and a conductivity aid agent are uniformly mixed.
Patent TW-202217229-A (TW)
Inventor: CHOU SHIH-CHI
IPC: G01B3/10
Filed: 2018-02-01
Abstract: A tool, such as a tape measure, including a spring-based retraction system is shown. The spring-based retraction system is driven by a spiral spring, that has a variable preformed stress profile along the length of the spring.
Patent TW-202303681-A (TW)
Inventor: KANG YOUNG-TAI
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2022-02-08
Abstract: 沉積系統包括配置以於基材上沉積膜的沉積設備、以及控制裝置。控制裝置包括配置以儲存配方的配方儲存單元、以及配置以藉由使用關於沉積設備之日誌資訊來計算控制目標偏離目標值之變化量之預測值的處理器，配方定義由沉積設備執行之基材處理製程的程序，控制目標指示在基材處理製程中包括的沉積步驟中所沉積之膜的膜厚度或膜品質，從當基於配方的基材處理製程開始時收集日誌資訊，並基於預測值更新配方以便於沉積步驟之前將控制目標的值改變以接近目標值。
Patent TW-202236034-A (TW)
Title: Motion-path generation device, numerical control device, numerical control system, and computer program
Inventor: MUROFUSHI TAKUMI
IPC: B25J9/22
Filed: 2022-02-17
Abstract: On the basis of a numerical control program for controlling the motion of a machine tool 2, a motion-path generation device 55 generates a motion path concerning control axes of a robot 3 provided in proximity to the machine tool 2. The motion-path generation device 55 comprises: a model update unit 57 that acquires start coordinate values on the control axes and current tool coordinate values of the machine tool 2 and updates a robot system model on the basis of these coordinate values, the robot system model being configured by disposing three-dimensional models of the robot 3, the machine tool 2, and objects in the vicinity of the machine tool 2 in a virtual space; an interference-avoiding-path generation unit 56 that generates a target motion path starting from the start coordinate values and arriving at end coordinate values on the control axes, the end coordinate values being specified on the basis of the numerical control program, while avoiding interference in the robot system model; and a data transmission/reception unit 59 that transmits an instruction including the target motion path to a robot control device 6.
Patent TW-202246457-A (TW)
Title: Boron-containing cyclic emissive compounds and color conversion film containing the same
Inventor: Zheng shi-jun
IPC: H01L51/50
Filed: 2022-02-23
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel photoluminescent complexes comprising a BODIPY moiety covalently bonded to a blue light absorbing moiety, a color conversion film comprising the photoluminescent complex, and a back-light unit using the same; and a method for making the same.
Patent TW-202235587-A (TW)
Title: Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display component and use of liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of properties such as a high upper limit temperature, a low lower limit temperature, a small viscosity, particularly a small viscosity at low temperatures, a suitable optical anisotropy, etc.
Inventor: SUGISAWA Miho
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2022-02-24
Abstract: This invention provides a liquid crystal composition and an active matrix component comprising the same, the liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of properties such as a high upper limit temperature, a low lower limit temperature, a small viscosity, particularly a small viscosity at low temperatures, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large dielectric constant in a short axis direction, a large ratio of the dielectric constant in the short axis direction to the dielectric anisotropy, a small frequency dependence of the dielectric anisotropy at low temperatures, a large specific resistance, a high stability to light and heat, and a large elastic constant, or a suitable balance with respect to at least two properties. A liquid crystal composition includes a specific compound having a high upper limit temperature as a component A, a specific compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a component B, and a specific compound having a large dielectric constant in a short axis direction as a component C, and may include a specific compound having a small viscosity or a high upper limit temperature as a component D, or a specific compound having a large dielectric constant in a short axis direction as a component E.
Patent TW-202239790-A (TW)
Title: 聚合物乳膠組成物
Inventor: WEI ZHEN-LI
IPC: C08F220/06
Filed: 2022-03-03
Abstract: 本發明係有關於：一種聚合物乳膠組成物、一種用於製備這樣的一種聚合物乳膠組成物的方法、該聚合物乳膠組成物用於生產彈性物件的使用、一種包含有該聚合物乳膠組成物的複合化乳膠組成物、一種用於製造浸漬成形的物件的方法、一種用於製造彈性物件的方法以及藉由使用該聚合物乳膠組成物而被製造出的物件。
Patent TW-202248750-A (TW)
Inventor: Jiang bei-bei
IPC: H05H1/46
Filed: 2022-03-08
Abstract: 描述一種控制遮罩層的臨界尺寸的方法。該方法包含：接收第一初級參數位準、第二初級參數位準、第一次級參數位準、第二次級參數位準、及第三次級參數位準。該方法亦包含：產生 具有該第一初級參數位準的初級信號；及將該初級信號自該第一初級參數位準轉變至該第二初級參數位準。該方法更包含：產生 具有該第一次級參數位準的次級射頻（RF）信號；及將該次級RF信號自該第一次級參數位準轉變至該第二次級參數位準。該方法包含將該次級RF信號自該第二次級參數位準轉變至該第三次級參數位準。
Patent TW-202330326-A (TW)
Inventor: CHEN YEN-CHEN
IPC: B60S5/06
Filed: 2022-03-29
Abstract: 一種電池抽換裝置、電池抽換方法及電源設備。電池抽換裝置包括承載組件、檢測組件、驅動組件和鎖定組件。承載組件上設有連接電池的連接器。驅動組件包括驅動器和齒輪組件，驅動器根據檢測組件的信號驅動齒輪組件轉動，帶動電池移動。鎖定組件包括鎖定件和定位控制器，鎖定件電連接定位控制器，且設於承載組件上，驅動器根據定位控制器的信號停止齒輪組件的轉動。將電池放置於電池入口處時，電池自動抽換裝置可以將電池送往指定位置並與連接器連接，自動完成電池的抽換安裝過程，提高工作效率，減少工作人員勞動強度。
Patent TW-202246966-A (TW)
Title: touch panel
Inventor: OMORI TAKAFUMI
IPC: G06F3/0489
Filed: 2022-05-12
Abstract: There is provided a touch panel that displays an image in which a plurality of functional buttons are arranged. The plurality of buttons include a long-touch button a function of which can be rendered active after the button is continuously touched for a predetermined time period, and attendant on the long-touch button, a count-down signal notifying a time period remaining before a timing at which the function can be rendered active is displayed.
Patent TW-202313038-A (TW)
Inventor: MOY CHRISTOPHER H
IPC: A61K31/498
Filed: 2022-05-19
Abstract: 本文揭露了治療癌症之方法，所述方法包括向已被診斷患有癌症並且攜帶選自FGFR2-CCDC102A、FGFR2-CCDC147、FGFR2-ENOX1、FGFR2-GPHN、FGFR2-LCN10、FGFR2-PDE3A、FGFR2-RANBP2、FGFR3-ENOX1、FGFR3-TMEM247、IGSF3-FGFR1、RHPN2-FGFR1和RRM2B-FGFR2之至少一種成纖維細胞生長因子受體（FGFR）融合的患者投與治療有效量的厄達替尼。本文還揭露了治療癌症之方法，該等方法包括：評價來自已被診斷患有癌症並且攜帶至少一種FGFR基因改變的患者之生物樣本，其中該癌症係膽管癌、高分級膠質瘤、胰臟癌、鱗狀非小細胞肺癌（NSCLC）、非鱗狀NSCLC、乳癌、結直腸癌、子宮內膜癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、原發不明癌、子宮頸癌、鱗狀細胞頭頸癌、食道癌、低分級膠質瘤、前列腺癌、唾液腺癌、基底細胞癌、胸腺癌、小腸腺癌、肝細胞癌、微囊腫性附屬器癌、棘細胞癌、胃腸道間質瘤或副甲狀腺癌；以及如果該樣本中存在至少一種FGFR基因改變，則向該患者投與治療有效劑量的FGFR抑制劑。
Patent TW-202316689-A (TW)
Inventor: BOSCHKER JOHANNES
IPC: G06N10/00
Filed: 2022-05-23
Abstract: 本發明涉及一種製備固態元件的方法，特別是用於量子元件，較佳為用於量子位元，其包括一或多層薄膜，該一或多層薄膜包含第一材料，且各該薄膜具有選自單層及100nm之間的厚度且為沉積於基底的基底表面上，其中製備方法在相對於環境氣氛為密封的反應室中進行。此外，本發明涉及一種固態元件，特別是用於量子元件，較佳為用於量子位元，其包括一或多層薄膜，該一或多層薄膜之一包括具有在單層及100nm之間的厚度的第一材料，並且沉積於基底的基底表面上。此外，本發明還涉及一種包括根據本發明之這種固態元件的量子元件，以及根據本發明之用於製備這種固態元件的設備。
Patent TW-202316947-A (TW)
Title: Heat dissipation device
Inventor: CHIANG MING-YUAN
IPC: H05K7/20
Filed: 2022-06-02
Abstract: The present invention provide a heat dissipation device, comprising: a housing; a base unit combined with the housing to form a water-collection chamber, a water-inlet chamber, an active chamber and a water-outlet chamber; a heat transfer structure disposed inside the base unit; an inlet-pipe unit communicated with the water-collection chamber; an outlet-pipe unit communicated with the water-outlet chamber; a pump unit disposed outside the housing and the base unit and connected with the inlet-pipe unit and the outlet-pipe unit for driving a working medium. The heat dissipation device of the present invention can provide better heat dissipation performance.
Patent TW-202307674-A (TW)
Title: Prefetcher with multi-cache level prefetches and feedback architecture
Inventor: ALEXANDER BENOY
IPC: G06F12/0862
Filed: 2022-06-06
Abstract: Described is a prefetcher with multi-cache level prefetches and feedback architecture. A processing system includes two or more cache levels, each cache level including miss status holding registers, and a prefetcher connected to each of the two or more cache levels. The prefetcher configured to receive feedback from the miss status holding registers at each cache level for previously sent prefetches and control number of prefetches sent for a trained entry to each cache level of the two or more cache levels based on the feedback.
Patent TW-202306204-A (TW)
Title: Holding device arrangement for use in an implantation process of a piezoelectric substrate
Inventor: CHARLES-ALFRED CEDRIC
IPC: H01J37/317
Filed: 2022-06-23
Abstract: The invention relates to a holding device arrangement for use in an implantation process of a piezoelectric substrate (120), comprising a substrate holding device (110) with an elastic and thermo-conductive layer (150) for receiving a piezoelectric substrate (120), characterised in further comprising means (160) for electrically connecting the surface of the elastic and thermo-conductive layer (150) for receiving the piezoelectric substrate to ground potential (170). The invention relates also to a method for implanting a piezoelectric substrate using a holding device arrangement as described above, and to an ion implanter comprising such holding device arrangement.
Patent TW-202304361-A (TW)
Title: Heating cooker and program wherein the heating cooker can process heat-cooked products that allow people with reduced chewing ability and swallowing ability to easily chew and swallow without complicated preparations or special tools
Inventor: SATO KUNITAKA
IPC: A47J27/08
Filed: 2022-07-14
Abstract: The present invention provides a heating cooker and a program. The heating cooker can process heat-cooked products that allow people with reduced chewing ability and swallowing ability to easily chew and swallow without complicated preparations or special tools. After pressure treatment in the heating cooker, heating is stopped and the pressure is naturally reduced until the internal pressure reaches a predetermined value without performing automatic exhaust, and then automatic exhaust is performed. Even if the material is easy to cook, it can prevent overcooking and complete heating and cooking. The heating cooker capable of cooking food ingredients in an inner pot by heating the inner pot enclosed by a lid comprises a heating part for heating the inner pot; an exhaust part for exhausting the gas in the inner pot to the outside of the heating cooker; and a control part for controlling the operation of the heating part and the exhaust part. The control part controls the heating part to heat the enclosed inner pot so as to increase the internal pressure within the inner pot to a first pressure value. After the internal pressure has increased to the first pressure value, the control part controls the heating unit to heat the inner pot to maintain the internal pressure at the first pressure value for a predetermined period of time. After maintaining the internal pressure at the first pressure value for a predetermined period of time, the heating of the inner pot by the heating part is stopped until the internal pressure becomes below the second pressure value.
Patent TW-202326752-A (TW)
Title: Methods of processing optical images and applications thereof
Inventor: CHEN YI-LING
IPC: G16H30/40
Filed: 2022-08-02
Abstract: Provided herein is a method of segmenting features from an optical image of a skin comprising steps of receiving an optical image of a skin that contains at least one feature of an object; contrast-enhancing the feature's signals of the optical image from the background signals; segmenting the object in the enhanced optical image, and quantifying the feature from the optical image of the skin.
Patent TW-202246839-A (TW)
Title: Optical imaging lens
Inventor: JHANG JIA-SIN
IPC: G02B7/02
Filed: 2020-04-16
Abstract: An optical imaging lens including a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element and a sixth lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object-side to an image-side is provided. The optical imaging lens satisfies the conditions of V1+V2+V3+V5≦100.000. Furthermore, other optical imaging lenses are also provided.
Patent TW-202327595-A (TW)
Inventor: DEL BEL MATTHEW L
IPC: A61K31/444
Filed: 2022-10-04
Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for treating cancer by administering a compound of Formula (I) in combination with a PD-1 axis binding antagonist to a subject in need thereof.
Patent TW-202322585-A (TW)
Title: An antenna channel sounding method, apparatus, and a storage medium
Inventor: YU JIAN
IPC: H04B7/0413
Filed: 2022-10-25
Abstract: An antenna channel sounding method, apparatus, and a storage medium, which are used to perform antenna selection in a large-scale antenna scenario. In this application, a first communications apparatus sends a first frame and a first PPDU to a second communications apparatus. The first frame includes first indication information for instructing the second communications apparatus to perform transmit antenna channel sounding. The first PPDU is an NDP. The first PPDU includes a first identifier field used to indicate an identifier of the first transmit antenna combination. In this way, the second communications apparatus may determine a correspondence between a transmit antenna channel sounding result corresponding to the received PPDU and an identifier of the transmit antenna combination, and further a transmit antenna combination identifier selected based on one or more transmit antenna channel sounding results may be determined. The selected transmit antenna combination identifier can prevent the second communications apparatus from incorrectly matching the selected transmit antenna channel detection result with the transmit antenna combination, so that antenna selection can be performed according to the antenna channel detection result in a large-scale antenna scenario.
Patent TW-202324726-A (TW)
Inventor: JU SEONG-HWAN
IPC: H01L27/15
Filed: 2022-10-26
Abstract: 根據本揭露實施例的顯示裝置包括基板，基板上被定義有包括至少一個缺陷子像素的多個子像素；發光元件，設置在所述子像素的每一者上；驅動電晶體，設置在所述子像素的每一者上且具有連接於發光元件的陰極的源極電極；電容器，設置在所述子像素的每一者上且連接於驅動電晶體的源極電極與閘極電極之間；以及反射器，設置在所述子像素的每一者上且電性連接於陰極，其中在缺陷子像素中，驅動電晶體的源極電極及閘極電極透過電容器電性連接。據此，透過在缺陷子像素中包括彼此間隔的多個電極的電容器上進行焊接製程可以簡單地使缺陷子像素變暗。
Patent TW-202335293-A (TW)
Title: Semiconductor device having a two-dimensional channel
Inventor: PARK SUNG-IL
IPC: H01L29/12
Filed: 2022-12-07
Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device having reduced contact resistance and enhanced performance. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a first active pattern spaced apart from the substrate and extending in a first direction, and including a first two-dimensional semiconductor material, a first gate electrode extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction on the substrate, and through which the first active pattern penetrates, and a first source/drain contact which includes a first contact insertion film and a first filling metal film sequentially stacked on a side surface of the first gate electrode, and is connected to the first active pattern, wherein the first contact insertion film at least partially surrounds a lower surface, a side surface and an upper surface of an end portion of the first active pattern, and the first active pattern and the first contact insertion film form an ohmic contact.
Patent TW-202325281-A (TW)
Title: Pyrimidine-2(1H)-one-fused bicyclic compound having MAT2A inhibitory activity and use thereof
Inventor: LI ZHENG
IPC: A61K31/41
Filed: 2022-12-22
Abstract: Provided are a pyrimidine-2(1H)-one-fused bicyclic compound having an MAT2A inhibitory activity and the use thereof. Specifically, provided are a compound of formula (I) having an MAT2A inhibitory activity, a stereoisomer thereof, a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and the use of these compounds in the prevention or treatment of tumor diseases.
Patent TW-202336257-A (TW)
Title: 經被覆之基材及產生其之方法
Inventor: PUDAS MARKO
IPC: C23C16/02
Filed: 2017-04-11
Abstract: 提出一沈積方法包含於一基材之一表面上藉原子層沈積(ALD)沈積一堆疊。也提出用於進行該方法的一ALD反應器及使用該沈積方法獲得的產物。
Patent UA-39410-A (UA)
Title: cement and lime mixture for making light solutions
Filed: 2000-07-13
Abstract: The invention relates to the industry of building materials for making light stone for internal nonbearing partitions of houses and buildings. A cement and lime mixture for making lightweight stone contains filling agents and binding agents, and as such milled quicklime and PVA adhesive are used.
Patent UA-45846-A (UA)
Inventor: ZABOLOTNYI OLEKSANDR VITALIIOVYCH
Filed: 2001-07-23
Abstract: The proposed device for testing capacitive moisture meter contains a dielectric casing with an internal dielectric plate having two-side metallic coating. Inside the casing, a bevel spur gear transmission, a shaft with micrometric thread, an axis, and a vertical guide element are installed. At the end surface of the casing, a scale, calibrated in moisture percents, is fitted. The dielectric plate is connected to the shaft by micrometric thread and can be moved along the shaft and vertical guide element when rotating a handle of the gear transmission.
Patent UA-51912-A (UA)
Title: A foam-concrete mixture of accelerated hardening
Inventor: BABUSHKIN VOLODYMYR IVANOVYCH
Filed: 2001-08-14
Abstract: A foam-concrete mixture of accelerated hardening consists of a porous addition and water, and also of extra binding non-gypseous cement and regulators of its hardening: potassium carbonate ( potash ) and half-water gyps in form of saturated solution, the filler is quartz sand, the filling extender is swollen pearlite, the foam generator contains saponificated wooden resin which is also the delay element of hardening. The intermixture of foam-concrete components is processed by the method of ‘dry mineralizing’ of wet foams.
Patent UA-47224-A (UA)
Inventor: HORODETSKYI OMELIAN TEODOROVYCH
Filed: 2001-09-13
Abstract: Support wall comprises of connected to each other with formation of a rigid three-dimensional structure support face and counterfort plates. Support plates are installed in the base of the wall with gaps along its length, and the counterfort plates are installed separately, with an inclination between the support and face plates, and connected to those cross the wall into a uniform frame. Counterfort plates are placed in width over the openings of the support plates. Between the face plates openings through apertures are provided, those are arranged under the counterfort plates of the wall and loaded under those with screen elements, made, for instance, as a brick filling.
Patent UA-50449-A (UA)
Title: Key
Inventor: STRILETS VOLODYMYR MYKOLAIOVYCH
Filed: 2002-01-14
Abstract: A key, as a set of cylindrical parts, installed in normal direction to the bottom of the key slot, and stoppers, installed in reborings of end cylindrical parts. At that, the key is made as a set of two and more separate prismatic parts, and connecting slat; and the ends of separate parts are inclined from the symmetry line.
Patent UA-55646-A (UA)
Title: Method for treating chronic ischemia of lower limbs
Inventor: PIPTIUK OLEKSANDR VOLODYMYROVYCH
Filed: 2002-03-20
Abstract: The method for treating the chronic ischemia of the lower limbs consists in intraosseous injection of Vasaprostan. The drug is injected for 2 hours into medial malleolus of the tibia at a dose of 10 Tg in 50 ml of the saline solution. At the same time Vasaprostan is infused intravenously dropwise for 2 hours at a dose of 10-20 pg in 100 ml of the saline solution. The overall course of the treatment comprises at least 10 days.
Patent UA-54926-A (UA)
Title: A reaction chamber for applying carbide coats
Inventor: LOSKUTOV VOLODYMYR FEDOROVYCH
Filed: 2002-05-22
Abstract: A reaction chamber for applying carbide coats contains a body and a cover made form the heat-resistant steel, inside the chamber an insert is disposed for placement of the pieces to be treated. The cover has a capacity for loading the metallizer which is fixed with a possibility of turning over. At that, the insert with pieces to be treated is disposed in a cup made in the form of tube from an inert heat-resistant material with a removable graphitic bottom.
Patent DO-P2004000916-A (DO)
Title: 3-aminopirrolidinas como inhibidores de la captacion de monoaminas
Inventor: CLARK BARRY PETER
Filed: 2004-05-31
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona compuestos de la formula (I) Y sus sales farmaceuticamente aceptables, que son de utilidad para la inhibición de la captación de una o mas monoaminas fisiológicamente activas (serotonina, norepinefrina y dopamina.
Patent DO-P2011000269-A (DO)
Title: Variantes de union a anti-albumina de suero mejoradas
Inventor: DE ANGELIS ELENA
Filed: 2011-08-19
Abstract: La invención se refiere a variantes mejoradas del dominio variable sencillo de inmunoglobulina anti-albúmina de suero DOM7h-14, así como a ligandos y conjugados de fármacos que comprenden dichas variantes, composiciones, ácido nucleicos, vectores y huéspedes.
Patent DO-P2014000141-A (DO)
Title: Derivados de quinolina como inhibidores de la enzima pde10a
Inventor: KEHLER JAN
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2014-06-17
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona derivados de quinolina de fórmula I que son inhibidores de la enzima PDE10A y, como tales, son útiles para tratar trastornos psiquiátricos y neurodegenerativos. En especial, la invención proporciona compuestos que son altamente selectivos para PDE10 respecto de otros subtipos de PDE. La presente invención proporciona además composiciones farmacéuticas que comprenden compuestos de la invención y métodos para tratar trastornos empleando los compuestos de la invención.
Patent DO-P2022000211-A (DO)
Title: Pirrolopirimidinaminas como inhibidores del sistema del complemento
Inventor: MINWAN WU
IPC: C07D265/28
Filed: 2022-09-28
Abstract: Compuestos de Fórmula (I) y sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, que son inhibidores del sistema del complemento. También, composiciones farmacéuticas que comprenden un compuesto con dichas características y métodos para usar los compuestos y composiciones en el tratamiento o la prevención de una enfermedad o condición caracterizada por una actividad aberrante del sistema del complemento.
Patent EC-SP10010612-A (EC)
Title: Nuevos inhibidores macrociclicos de la replicacion del virus de la hepatitis c
Inventor: BUCKMAN BRAD
IPC: A61K38/06
Filed: 2010-11-15
Abstract: Compuestos de las formulas generales I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII y X, y composiciones, incluyendo composiciones farmaceuticas, que comprenden dichos compuestos. Ademas, las realizaciones proveen metodos de tratamiento, incluyendo metodos para tratar una infeccion de virus de hepatitis C y metodos para tratar la fibrosis hepatica, donde los metodos generalmente comprenden administrarle a un individuo que lo necesita una cantidad eficaz de uno de los compuestos o las composiciones de la invencion.
Patent EE-200100510-A (EE)
Inventor: MIZUNO HARUYUKI
IPC: C04B41/84
Filed: 2000-03-23
Abstract: A layer comprising a stain resistant agent is formed on a treated surface of a ceramic product used with water so that a stain resistant treatment is applied to the treated surface. The stain resistant agent includes a silicon-containing functional group combining with the hydroxyl group present on the treated surface by dehydration or dehydrogenation. Consequently, a high stain resistant effect can be achieved from the ceramic product. <IMAGE>