baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2201793-T3 (ES)
Inventor: FRIEDRICH JURGEN
IPC: B60T1/087
Filed: 1999-10-12
Granted: 2004-03-16
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for increasing the use of the braking moment of a retarder in an automobile. According to this method, the heat produced by the retarder during braking is dissipated using a coolant. The method is characterized in that at least one auxiliary consumer and/or at least one of the following devices of the cooling system-a connected fan, a connected thermostat, a coolant pump, a bypass-valve-is controlled in dependence on the mode of the operation of the retarder.
Patent ES-2255325-T3 (ES)
Title: Vacunas mejoradas.
Inventor: HELLMAN LARS T
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1999-10-21
Granted: 2006-06-16
Abstract: Polipéptido inmunogénico eficaz para inducir una respuesta anti-IgE propia en un mamífero, comprendiendo dicho polipéptido un primer segmento de aminoácidos superior a 20 residuos en longitud presente en un dominio CH3 de IgE de dicho mamífero y un segundo segmento de aminoácidos superior a 20 residuos en longitud presente en un dominio CH2 o CH4 de IgE de un mamífero no placentario, en el que dicho mamífero y dicho mamífero no placentario son de diferentes especies.
Patent ES-2312224-T3 (ES)
Inventor: WILLIAMES GEOFFREY ALAN
IPC: A01C11/02
Filed: 1999-12-22
Granted: 2009-02-16
Abstract: A horticultural seedling tray (12) made of moulded plastics material and having a plurality of cells (6, 8) disposed in a predetermined array with each cell being adapted to contain a seedling together with a plug of growing medium. The cells (6, 8) in indexing regions of the tray (12) are aligned in rows between opposed front and rear end edges (34, 35) of the tray with indexing engagement means (2) being integrally formed on an underneath side of the tray between two adjacent said rows of cells (6, 8) on both sides of the tray. The indexing engagement means (2) being configured to define a plurality of aligned and uniformly spaced indexing teeth receiving zones (33) between said opposed edges (34, 35) of the tray (12). Also used in combination with this tray is an indexing assembly (21) that includes a drive shaft carrying indexing discs (11) to engage with each aligned group of indexing teeth receiving zones (33).
Patent ES-2216631-T3 (ES)
Title: Pirazolpiridinas.
Inventor: CAMPBELL IAN BAXTER
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 1999-12-22
Granted: 2004-10-16
Abstract: Compuestos de fórmula I y derivados farmacéuticamente aceptables de los mismos en los que: R0 y R1 se seleccionan independientemente entre H, halógeno, alquilo C1-6, alcoxi C1-6 o alcoxi C1-6 sustituido con uno o más átomos de flúor; R2 es halógeno, CN, CONR4R5, CO2H, CO2-alquilo C1-6 o NHSO2R4; R3 es alquilo C1-6 o NH2; y R4 y R5 se seleccionan independientemente entre H, alquilo C1-6, fenilo, fenilo sustituido con uno o más átomos o grupos (seleccionados entre halógeno, alquilo C1-6, alcoxi C1-6 o alcoxi C1-6 sustituido con uno o más átomos de flúor), o junto con el átomo de nitrógeno al cual están unidos forman un anillo de 4 a 8 miembros saturado.
Patent PL-1620393-T3 (PL)
Title: Process for the preparation of a urea and formaldehyde-containing aqueous solution
Inventor: VERSCHOOR HENDRINUS MARINUS
IPC: C07C273/02
Filed: 2004-04-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a urea and formaldehyde-containing aqueous solution (UFC), wherein the molar ratio between urea and formaldehyde (U/F) in the solution is between 0.5 and 0.001, wherein the UFC is prepared by combining a formaldehyde-containing stream with a urea­containing aqueous stream that is supplied from a urea plant.
Patent PL-1754744-T3 (PL)
Title: A polyolefin foam
Inventor: MANFRED STADLBAUER
IPC: C08L23/10
Filed: 2005-08-19
Abstract: A polyolefin foam capable of absorbing high amounts of liquid comprises 30 to 94 wt% of a foamable polyolefin and 6 to 70 wt% of a particulate solid material.
Patent PL-1775368-T3 (PL)
Title: Washing/drying machine or clothes dryer with drying air adjustment system
Inventor: MARIOTTI CONSTANTINO
IPC: D06F58/38
Filed: 2005-12-01
Abstract: The present invention discloses a washing/drying machine or clothes drier comprising a control unit adapted to control the on/off phases of a fan, as well as an associated laundry drying method. 
According to the invention, said control unit is also adapted to adjust the rotation speed of said fan.
Patent PL-1704841-T3 (PL)
Title: A tampon applicator assembly
Inventor: VAN INGELGEM WERNER
IPC: A61F13/26
Filed: 2005-03-25
Abstract: In an aspect, the present invention provides a novel assembly which comprises: a compact tampon applicator and a tampon having a longitudinal body defining an insertion end, a withdrawal end, a central section extending there between, a longitudinal axis, and an outer surface, characterised in that said outer surface of the tampon comprises at least one area of radial depression.
Patent PL-1889901-T3 (PL)
Title: Coated sodium percarbonate particle
Inventor: LEININGER STEFAN
IPC: C11D3/12
Filed: 2006-07-27
Abstract: Sodium percarbonate particle (I) comprises a coating layer containing moisture free sodium sulfate (70-99.8 wt.%) and sodium borate (0.2-2 wt.%), where the parts by weight of the coating layer is 1-10% relative to the mass of the sodium percarbonate particles. Independent claims are included for a detergent and a cleaning agent containing (I).
Patent PL-1872460-T3 (PL)
Title: Uninterruptible power supply with additional feeding
Inventor: SIMONAZZI GIUSEPPE
IPC: H02J9/06
Filed: 2006-04-07
Abstract: UPS unit comprising power step-up means connected to the power mains and conversion means able to produce an AC output voltage, battery supply means being connectable, by switching means, to said power step-up means, whose peculiar aspect is that it comprises at least one additional power supply source, connected to power step-up means, connected in turn to said conversion means, said additional power supply source being able to power the downstream loads of said UPS unit, when a first power threshold pre-set in said power step-up means of said additional power supply source is reached, said additional power supply being able to be integrated by said power mains or said battery.
Patent PL-1893587-T3 (PL)
Title: Method for producing dihydroquinazolines
Inventor: GOOSSEN KÄTHE
IPC: C07D239/80
Filed: 2006-06-02
Abstract: Dihydroquinazolines of the formula: The dihydroquinalzolines are useful as antiviral agents in particular against cytomegaloviruses.
Patent PL-1985775-T3 (PL)
Title: Flexible top layer and roofing membrane or shingle incorporating the same
Inventor: CONINX FREDDY
IPC: E04D5/02
Filed: 2007-04-25
Abstract: A flexible roofing membrane or shingle comprising: 
- a reinforcement carrier, 
- a paint layer comprising between 10 and 70 %wt of a binder having a polyurethane component and optionally an acrylic polymer component, wherein said binder has a Tg < -10°C.
Patent PL-2002800-T3 (PL)
Title: Mesh implant with an interlocking knitted structure
Inventor: MAGNUSSON HENRIK
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 2007-06-11
Abstract: A resorbable polymeric mesh implant is provided for use in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. The mesh implant is provided with an interlocking knitted structure comprising two or more sets of fibers with different times of degradation, allowing a stepwise increase in the relative distension of the overall mesh over time. The filamentous fibers are knitted together, wherein the filaments of the first set of fibers are interlaced into the filaments of the second set of fibers and at least partly traverse the knit pattern of the second set of fibers such that the filaments of the first set of fibers lock the movement of the part of the mesh formed by the second set of fibers.
Patent PL-1882484-T3 (PL)
Title: Transmission assembly
Inventor: VODERMAYER BERNHARD
IPC: A61M1/10
Filed: 2007-07-25
Abstract: The arrangement (50) has an intracorporal transmission coil (18) of an implant (12) and an extracorporal transmission coil (20) over extracorporal supply unit (14). The implant transmission coil has firmly assigned transmitter, the supply unit transmission coil has firmly assigned receiver, and the supply unit has an assigned analysis module. The analysis module is connected with the receiver and emits localization signal as a function of the misalignment or the misalignment direction of transmitter and receiver.
Patent PL-2039520-T3 (PL)
Title: Ink cartridge, set of ink cartridges, and ink cartridge determination system
Inventor: HATTORI SHINGO
IPC: B41J2/175
Filed: 2008-02-28
Abstract: An ink cartridge includes a first signal blocking portion configured to selectively prevent a first signal from passing therethrough or to alter a path of the first signal. The ink cartridge also includes a second signal blocking portion configured to selectively prevent a second signal from passing therethrough or to alter a path of the second signal. The second signal blocking portion has a thickness determinative of whether the second signal blocking portion prevents the second signal from passing therethrough or alters the path of the second signal at a time that the first signal blocking portion initially prevents the first signal from passing therethrough or alters the path of the first signal.
Patent PL-2164975-T3 (PL)
Title: Process for preparing a concentrated aqueous glucose solution from corn
Inventor: BOY MATTHIAS
IPC: A23K10/38
Filed: 2008-07-04
Abstract: Aqueous glucose solution production involves fractionating dry milling of corn grains, where the corn grains are separated into an endosperm fraction containing corn starch and an oil-rich germ fraction, and optionally a bran fraction. An enzymatic liquification and saccharification of the corn starch is carried out in an aqueous suspension of the endosperm fraction, where an aqueous glucose solution containing corn gluten is obtained. Concentration of the corn gluten and optionally bran is also obtained from the aqueous glucose solution. An INDEPENDNET CLAIM is also included for a method for the production of an organic substance by fermentation, which involves supplying a glucose solution to a fermentation medium, which contains a microorganism for overproduction of the organic substance.
Patent PL-2107223-T3 (PL)
Title: Combustion engine with an exhaust gas system to which an additive can be added with a metering unit
Inventor: HELD WOLFGANG
IPC: F01N3/20
Filed: 2009-02-18
Abstract: The internal combustion engine (1) has an exhaust system (2), in which the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is introduced. A heat exchanger unit (4) is provided within the exhaust system. An exhaust aftertreatment (14) is inserted in a process chamber (5). The heat exchanger unit is arranged in an exhaust gas recirculation system (3) of the exhaust system, in which the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is introduced. A part of the exhaust gas of a combustion air supply (21) of the internal combustion engine is fed over the heat exchanger unit.
Patent PL-2147758-T3 (PL)
Title: Razor handle
Inventor: DANSREAU PAUL
IPC: B26B21/52
Filed: 2006-04-04
Abstract: According to the present invention, a razor handle (10) includes a connecting pod (14) and a first handle portion (12). The connecting pod has a cartridge-connecting member (26), and a handle-connecting member (24). The first handle portion includes a pod-connecting member (38), and includes a first molded portion (16), a battery-powered device (18), and a second molded portion (20). The battery-powered device is at least partially encased between the first molded portion and the second molded portion. The handle-connecting member of the connecting pod is connected to the pad-connecting member of the first handle portion such that the connecting pod and the first handle portion are not detachable during normal use of the razor handle. The cartridge-connecting member of the connecting pod is operable to connect to a selectively detachable razor cartridge (44).
Patent PL-2263680-T3 (PL)
Title: Compressed pharmaceutical compositions comprising peg and electrolytes
Inventor: BARRAS NORMAN
IPC: A61K45/06
Filed: 2005-04-25
Abstract: The invention provides a compressed pharmaceutical composition comprising 
- polyethylene glycol of molecular weight from 2000 to 4500, wherein the polyethylene glycol makes up from 80 to 99.5% by weight of the composition, and 
- one or more electrolytes.  The compressed pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprising polyethylene glycol has been found to have a more agreeable taste and a more agreeable mouthfeel than previously proposed liquid or dry powder or granular compositions.
Patent GR-3000886-T3 (GR)
Title: Process for the adduction of metal elements in metal foundings
Inventor: SOLA GIUSEPPE ING
IPC: C22C37/10
Filed: 1990-09-28
Abstract: Process for the adduction of chemical-metal elements in metal foundings where the additive element is brought to the plasma status and, by means of an inert carrying gas, is caused to spread in the fluid mass of the metal founding. The additive element is brought to the plasma status by using an electric arc.
Patent GR-3004816-T3 (GR)
IPC: B60C27/14
Filed: 1992-06-04
Abstract: This device is designed to be automatically placed in position by stressing and holding members (50) which move the device from a fitted position to the working position where the antislip assembly (70) is arranged on the peripheral surface of the tyre (10). It possesses a primary annular part (30) attached rigidly to the antislip assembly (70), for example by arms (40), and so designed that the holding member (50) can be fixed to this annular part (30) and move freely around the latter's circumference. 
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Patent GR-3015302-T3 (GR)
Title: Pharmaceutical formulations for preventing drug tolerance.
Inventor: FOYNES MARY MARGARET
IPC: A61K9/24
Filed: 1995-03-03
Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations for once-daily administration of a drug to inhibit the development of drug tolerance in humans being treated with the drug which can achieve therapeutically effective levels of said drug in the plasma over a period of not more than 20 hours of the day and then cause said blood levels to fall significantiy below the therapeutic levels throughout the remainder of the 24 hour period. The formulations are adapted for either oral or percutaneous administration.
Patent GR-3019518-T3 (GR)
Title: Reel mechanisms for gaming machines.
Inventor: HOLMES ROBERT ALAN
IPC: A63F5/04
Filed: 1996-04-02
Abstract: A reel mechanism (10) comprising a support (12) which carries a motor (14), a reel (16), a lamp (26) and an optical device (28); the motor carrying the reel, the reel including both a reel strip (18) provided with symbols (20) to be illuminated by the lamp as well as a reel support (22) provided with a tab (24) to be sensed by the optical device, and the lamp being adjustably movable relatively to the support; characterised in that the optical device (28), and preferably the motor, are also adjustably movable in unison with the lamp (26) relatively to the support (12).
Patent GR-3020190-T3 (GR)
Title: Diclofenac choline salt, a method for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing it
Inventor: DI SCHIENA MICHELE GIUSEPPE
IPC: C07C229/42
Filed: 1996-06-12
Abstract: Diclofenac choline salt, of formula (I): <CHEM> a process for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing it.
Patent GR-3020666-T3 (GR)
Title: Method of producing porous delivery devices.
Inventor: LO JULIAN B
IPC: A61J3/06
Filed: 1996-07-31
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/US92/09321 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 15, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 15, 1994 PCT Filed Nov. 6, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/18757 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 30, 1993.An efficient method for making high strength, highly porous, fast dissolving delivery devices. The method comprises mixing a formulation comprising menthol, a water-soluble, menthol-soluble polymer, and an active agent at a temperature such that the menthol is substantially molten. The formulation is disposed in a mold, solidified and the menthol is sublimed from the solidified molded formulation. Preferably, the solidification occurs at a temperature sufficient to provide a substantially amorphous menthol structure.
Patent GR-3023422-T3 (GR)
Title: Procedure and circuit for adaptive compensation of the gain distortions of a microwave amplifier with linearizer.
Inventor: ABBIATI ANTONIO
IPC: H03F1/32
Filed: 1997-05-15
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP93/03432 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 6, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 6, 1995 PCT Filed Dec. 6, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/15395 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 7, 1994There are described a procedure and circuit for adaptive compensation of the gain distortions caused by thermal drift, ageing, etc., in microwave amplifiers connected to predistortion linearizers. The procedure concerns digitally modulated signals, e.g., QAM, in which the peak to average power signal ratio is constant. Since this ratio remains constant after amplification only if the amplifier is linear, it is measured at the amplifier output, to change the AM/FM distortion characteristic of the linearizer/amplifier chain and hold the ratio on the output equal to that on the input.
Patent GR-3031118-T3 (GR)
Title: Novel seco-D steroids active in the cardiovascular system and pharmaceutical compositions containing same
Inventor: GOBBINI MAURO
IPC: C07D307/42
Filed: 1999-08-31
Abstract: Seco-D steroid derivatives having the formula <CHEM> wherein R, R<1>, R<2> and R<3> have the meanings specified in the specification, useful as cardiovascular agents and pharmaceutical compositions containing same, are disclosed.
Patent GR-3036529-T3 (GR)
Title: Jacketed projectile with a hard core
Inventor: HUG CARL
IPC: F42B12/80
Filed: 2001-09-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a jacketed projectile (100), comprising a tungsten carbide hard core (5) on the front side and an centered, interlocking soft core (8) placed on the hard core (5). A closed air space (6) is located between the front area (5a) of the hard core (5) and the tip of the projectile (4). This projectile configuration provides a very high penetration potential and good dynamic and ballistic properties, enabling the inventive projectiles to be used as munition for police snipers, especially to hit targets located behind a glass.
Patent TR-200401982-T4 (TR)
Inventor: LARSEN OLLE R
IPC: E01C7/18
Filed: 2001-02-05
Abstract: The invention describes a process for preparing a warm mix asphalt composition by mixing an aggregate grain material with a soft binder, and adding a hard binder to the mixed aggregate grain material. The hard binder is foamed in a foaming process before it is introduced to the mixed grained aggregate material. A system for preparing the warm mix asphalt composition comprising a drying drum for heating and drying the aggregate component, a mixing mill for mixing the asphalt components and a mix storage silo, where the system also includes foam production facilities for foaming the hard binder before introduction to the mixing mill, is also disclosed.
Patent TR-201807022-T4 (TR)
Title: Radyasyon veya kemoterapi̇ye bağli mukosi̇ti̇n önlenmesi̇ i̇çi̇n bi̇r kombi̇nasyonun kullanimi
Inventor: PAOLO GIORGETTI
IPC: A61K31/717
Filed: 2014-10-07
Abstract: Bu buluş, radyasyon veya kemoterapiye bağlı mukozitin önlenmesinde kullanılmak üzere glisin, prolin ve isteğe bağlı olarak bir doğal veya sentetik film oluşturucu polimer ve / veya lisin ve / veya lösini içeren bir bileşime ilişkin olup, bileşim oral yolla uygulanacaktır.
Patent TR-201810978-T4 (TR)
Title: Bir yağ asidi ve bir polidialkilsiloksan ile mineral bir dolgu maddesinin işleme yöntemi, bu şekilde elde edilen hidrofobik dolgu maddeleri ve bunların ?nefes alabilir? filmler için polimerler içerisinde uygulamaları.
Inventor: Hans Ulrich Hoppler
IPC: C09C3/12
Filed: 2002-01-10
Abstract: İşbu buluş, özellikle kalsiyum karbonatlar ve bunların sanayi içerisindeki uygulamaları olmak üzere özellikle işlenmiş karbonatların, işlenmiş mineral dolgu maddelerinin teknik alanı ile ilgilidir.
Patent TR-201815497-T4 (TR)
Title: PCSK9 Peptit Aşısı.
Inventor: SYLVIA BRUNNER
IPC: C12N9/64
Filed: 2013-08-28
Abstract: Mevcut buluş in vivo PCSK9'a yönelik antikorların oluşumunu tetikleyebilen bir aşıya ilişkindir. Aşı aşağıdaki gruptan seçilen en az bir peptit içerir: SIPWSLERIT (SEQ ID No. 21), VIPWNLERIL (SEQ ID No. 55) ve SVPWNLERIQ (SEQ ID No. 60). Bu en az bir peptid farmasötik açıdan kabul edilebilir bir taşıyıcıya bağlanmış veya kaynaştırılmıştır.
Patent TR-201901799-T4 (TR)
Title: Bir kablonun elektriksel olarak bağlanması için bağlantı tertibatı ve elektrikli cihaz.
Inventor: PETER MOSER
IPC: H01R13/58
Filed: 2012-05-11
Abstract: Buluş, bir kablonun (7) bir elektrikli cihazdaki en az bir elektrik hattına (51) elektriksel olarak bağlanması için bir bağlantı tertibatı (1) ile ilgili olup, bir mahfaza (2) içermektedir; söz konusu mahfaza (2) en azından kısmen bir elektrikli cihaz mahfazası (5) içinde tercihen takılmış olarak düzenlenmiştir. Söz konusu kablo (7), mahfaza (2) içinde bağlanmıştır bağlantı tertibatından (1) dışarı çıkmakta olup, bağlantı tertibatı, bağlantı tertibatından (1) çıkan kablonun (7) isteğe bağlı olarak dikey (V) ve/veya yatay (H) yönünün belirlenmesini sağlayan vasıtalar içermektedir. Buluş ayrıca söz konusu bağlantı tertibatını (1) içeren bir elektrikli cihaz ile ilgilidir.
Patent TR-201908609-T4 (TR)
Title: Rekombinant insan G-CSF'sinin geliştirilmiş işlenmesi.
Inventor: Carola Schröder
IPC: C07K14/535
Filed: 2009-10-02
Abstract: Buluş, bir sinyal peptidini ve bir G-CSF peptidini içeren bir G-CSF öncüsüne ilişkindir; burada sinyal peptidi, aşağıdaki mutasyonlardan en az birini içeren insan G-CSF/b molekülünün insan doğal sinyal peptidi dizisine sahiptir: - Glu29'un delesyonu, - Glu26'nın insersiyonu, - Lys11Leu sübstitüsyonu, - His21Phe sübstitüsyonu ve - Glu28Leu sübstitüsyonu.
Patent DE-10296332-T5 (DE)
Title: Atmungsaktive, durch Verstrecken dünn gemachte Filme mit einer verbesserten Atmungsaktivität
Inventor: TUCKER JOHN DAVID
IPC: C08J5/18
Filed: 2002-02-12
Abstract: Atmungsaktiver, durch Verstrecken dünn gemachter Film, der umfasst:  ein Matrixpolymer;  einen Calciumcarbonat-Füllstoff; und  ein Polymer, das mit dem Matrixpolymer inkompatibel ist.
Patent DE-10296671-T5 (DE)
Title: Drehbares Schneidewerkzeug mit isoliertem Haltehülsenanschlag
Inventor: OJANEN RANDALL W
IPC: E21C35/18
Filed: 2002-03-27
Abstract: Schneidwerkzeuganordnung, welche aufweist:  einen Schneideinsatz mit einem Kopf und einem sich ausgehend vom Kopf erstreckenden, zylindrischen Schaftabschnitt mit im wesentlichen konstantem Außendurchmesser, wobei der Schaftabschnitt eine ringförmig vertiefte Nut aufweist;  einen Einsatzhalter mit einer im wesentlichen zylindrischen Bohrung zur Aufnahme des zylindrischen Schaftabschnitts des Schneideinsatzes;  wobei die Schneidwerkzeuganordnung weiterhin eine Haltehülse enthält, die zwischen dem Schaftabschnitt des Schneideinsatzes und der Bohrung des Einsatzhalters angeordnet ist und eng um den Schaftabschnitt herum anliegt, während sie dem Schaftabschnitt die Rotation in der Bohrung gestattet, wobei die Haltehülse wenigstens eine Stoppzunge enthält, die in der vertieften Nut des Schafts aufgenommen ist, um den Schneideinsatz in der Bohrung des Einsatzhalters zu halten und ein axiales Entfernen des Schneideinsatzes während der Benutzung zu verhindern, aber eine rotatorische Bewegung des Schneideinsatzes in der Bohrung zuzulassen.
Patent DE-10297785-T5 (DE)
Title: Elektronikbaugruppe mit einer dichteren Kontaktanordnung, die eine Zuleitungsführung zu den Kontakten erlaubt
Inventor: SINGH KULJEET
IPC: H05K1/11
Filed: 2002-11-25
Abstract: Elektronikbaugruppe,
umfassend:  ein Substrat;  erste bis vierte Funktionskontakte
auf dem Substrat mit Mittelpunkten auf Winkelscheiteln einer ersten
Fläche,
die eine im wesentlichen rechteckige Form aufweist, welche ansonsten
frei von Mittelpunkten von Funktionskontakten ist; und  ein
fünfter
Funktionskontakt auf dem Substrat mit einem Mittelpunkt innerhalb
einer zweiten Fläche
und in einem Abstand von allen deren Seiten, welche die gleiche
Form, Abmessungen und Orientierungen wie die erste Fläche aufweist
und einen Seite mit ihr gemeinsam hat.