Patent EA-002579-B1 (EA)
Title: Method for removing oil, oil products and/or chemical contaminants from liquid and/or gas and/or from surface
IPC: B01D53/34
Filed: 2001-04-27
Abstract: 1. A method for removing chemical contaminants, comprising preparing a hydrocarbon mixture from an initial graphite-containing raw material, placing said hydrocarbon mixture in a contaminated medium and collecting said contaminated hydrocarbon mixture, characterized in that said hydrocarbon mixture in a contaminated medium is dispersed on the surface and/or in liquid, and/or placing it on the surface, and/or passing liquid or gas through a filter and a mixture of extended graphite and hydrocarbon nanocrystals is used as said hydrocarbon mixture, wherein the content of said hydrocarbon nanocrystals in the mixture exceeds 10%. 2. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 1, characterized in that the nanocrystals are nanotubes of 1 to 10 (m with free radicals C, C2, C3, C4 and C5 connected thereto, and/or radicals as one or several associated hexagonals and/or hexagonals with free radicals C, C2, C3, C4 and C5 connected thereto. 3. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said hydrocarbon mixture is prepared by chemical treatment of the initial graphite-containing raw material with at least one halogen-oxygen compound, having the formula MXON, where M is one chemicals: H, NH4, Na,K; X is one of chemicals: Cl, Br, J; and n = 1 - 4, and subsequent outer effect, resulting in exothermic explosion-like disintegration of treated graphite-containing raw material with subsequent initiating autocatalytic disintegration process, wherein the process is carried out under a normal pressure and at a room temperature. 4. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 3, characterized in that the outer action is carried out using photochemical, electrochemical, mechanical, thermomechanical, sonochemical or direct chemical effect. 5. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 4, characterized in that natural flake graphite or powered graphite is used as the initial graphite-containing raw material. 6. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the weight ratio of the initial graphite-containing raw material and halogen-oxygen compounds is 2:1. 7. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after collection said hydrocarbon mixture of extended graphite and hydrocarbon nanocrystals, saturated with chemical contaminants, collected hydrocarbon contaminants are removed from the hydrocarbon mixture by a compression method. 8. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 7, characterized in that after removing the chemical contaminants the hydrocarbon mixture of expanded graphite and carbon nanocrystals is used repeatedly. 9. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 3, characterized in that squeezing is performed by a press. 10. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for collecting oil and/or oil products from water surface, wherein a hydrocarbon mixture of expanded and carbon nanocrystals is prepared either on an oil-collecting boat or on land and spreading hydrocarbon mixture of expanded and carbon nanocrystals on water surface by dispersing it on water surface and/or into water depth, and/or by placing harbor booms on water surface. 11. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for filtering drinking water containing chemical contaminants including hydrocarbon compounds, using a filter from a wherein a hydrocarbon mixture of expanded and carbon nanocrystals. 12. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for purifying industrial wastes. 13. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for removing light fractions of oil products or gas condensate from empty oil storing reservoirs. 14. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for neutralizing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines as a matrix base of exhaust gases neutralizer. 15. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for filtering cigarette smoke as a filter cigarette. 16. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used for purifying blood plasma. 17. The method for removing chemical contaminants of any claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the process is used as a sorbent for external administration of skin diseases characterized by egesta using carbon mixture bandages. 18. The method for removing chemical contaminants of claim 17, characterized in that the process is used for treating skin bums and festering wounds.