baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-2303330-B (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to laminated tin mill products and methods of producing the same
Inventor: BUSBY NICHOLAS JAMES
IPC: B32B15/08
Filed: 1995-07-21
Granted: 1999-09-08
Abstract: Corrosion resistant impervious steel strip of a thickness of between 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm has bonded to at least one of its surfaces a layer of a polymer. Preferred polymers are polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene. Polyvinyl chloride may also be used.
Patent GB-2300004-B (GB)
Title: Apparatus on a carding machine
Inventor: LEIFELD FERDINAND
IPC: D01G31/00
Filed: 1996-04-12
Granted: 1999-08-25
Abstract: Unwanted particles in the fibre material passing through a carding machine are detected by a camera monitoring the fibre web between processing means such a stripper roller (6) and a pair of nip rolls (7, 8). Also claimed are (1) an appts. on a carding machine for detecting unwanted particles; and (2) a method of viewing a card web travelling through a carding machine. Pref. the camera is sealed in a housing (14) with a transparent window (17) and reflective mirror (20). The camera may be traversed across the roll width on carriage means (21). The camera output may be transferred to an external information handling system to be used as part of a control loop.
Patent GB-2303850-B (GB)
Title: Metalloproteinase inhibitors
Inventor: MILLER ANDREW
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1995-06-22
Granted: 1998-06-10
Abstract: Therapeutically active hydroxamic acid derivatives, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and the use of such compounds in medicine. The compounds are inhibitors of metalloproteinases involved in tissue degradation.
Patent HU-210988-B (HU)
Inventor: DESPEGHEL JEAN PIERRE
IPC: A01H5/10
Filed: 1992-11-27
Abstract: A találmány szerinti Eurol fajtanevű őszi káposztarepce kiváló szárazságtűrő, nagy termőképességű, nagy olajtartalmú, alacsony növekedésű, középzöld színű, levelei karéjosak, a levélkaréjok száma közepes, a virág-sziromlevél színe sárga és a becőcsőr rövid.  ffl HU 210 988 A leírás terjedelme: 4 oldal (ezen belül 1 lap ábra)
Patent HU-213861-B (HU)
Title: Anti-foam agent for plant protecting compositions and process for preparation thereof
Inventor: KOCUR JEAN
IPC: C09K3/00
Filed: 1993-03-16
Abstract: The invention relates to solid preparations of active substance which contain wetting agents in combination with a surfactant (defoamer) from the group of the perfluoroalkylphosphinic acids/phosphonic acids or their salts, furthermore to the use of these preparations, in particular for making spray mixtures.
Patent HU-219823-B (HU)
Inventor: COLOTE SOUDHIR
IPC: A61K31/70
Filed: 1995-06-28
Abstract: A találmány izoprenil-proteintranszferázok kifejeződését gátló hatásúoligonukleotidokra és ezek származékaira vonatkozik. A találmánytárgyát képezik továbbá a szóban forgó vegyületeket tartalmazógyógyszerkészítmények, amelyek emberi vagy állati szervezetek olyanmegbetegedéseinek gyógykezelésére alkalmasak, melyeknek kiváltója azabnormális és/vagy szabályozatlan sejtszaporodás. ŕ
Patent HU-218500-B (HU)
Inventor: DR DEWOLFF FRANS
IPC: A01H5/10
Filed: 1995-12-06
Abstract: A találmány tárgya CF4 fajtanevű beltenyésztett kukoricavonal (Zeamays L.), amely hibrid előállításához szülő- partnerként használható,levéllemezének állása kissé görbe-görbe, a címeren a kalászkapelyva ésa kalászkapelyva alapjának, valamint a portok antociános színeződésehiányzik vagy nagyon gyenge, a címeren a főtengely kalászkái lazák, acímeren a főtengely és az oldalágak közötti szög kicsi, a címerenkevés elsőrendű elágazás képződik, a legalsó oldalág feletti főtengelyrövid, míg a legfelső oldalág feletti főtengely közepes hosszúságú, acsőkocsány és a cső rövid/közepes hosszúságú, a cső vékony, rajtakevés számú szemsor fejlődik, a szemkorona sárga, míg a szem hátoldalasárgásnarancs színű, és a csutka antociánnal nem színeződik.Jellegzetessége, hogy a levéllemez és a szár által bezárt szög nagy, acímer és a bibe nagyon korai-korai időpontban jelenik meg, a bibeantociános színeződése gyenge, a címeren az oldalágak egyenesek, anövény közepes magasságú, a főcső a növény magasságához viszonyítvaalacsonyan ered, a cső kúpos-hengeres alakú, és a szem a sima típusbatartozik. ŕ
Patent HU-217728-B (HU)
Title: Optical fibre with a colour marking
Inventor: BARTLING FRANZ-PETER
IPC: G02B6/44
Filed: 1994-12-20
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP94/04241 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 29, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 29, 1996 PCT Filed Dec. 20, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/17695 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 29, 1995In an optical fiber (1) with a coating (8) for the cladding of one or more plastic layers containing the fiber core and a color marking (3) on or in the outer plastic layer, the color marking (3) is covered by a further transparent or translucent layer (4).
Patent IT-1189590-B (IT)
Title: Roll baler for straw etc.
Inventor: BRUER DIRK
IPC: A01F/
Filed: 1986-01-09
Granted: 1988-02-04
Abstract: In the roll baler the baling chamber (1) is defined by rotating feed rollers (10) and comprises an antechamber (19). A first conveying mechanism is provided for conveying harvested material into the antechamber, and a second conveying mechanism for conveying the harvested material from the antechamber through a feed gap between adjacent rollers into the baling chamber. The second feed mechanism comprises a conveying drum which is arranged axially parallel to the feed rollers to an opposing abutment by overcoming the recoil force of a restoring element. The conveying drum (25) has conveying blades which at the rear region of the drum, facing the feed gap, lie adjacent to the outer surface of the drum.
Patent IT-1209181-B (IT)
Title: Magnesium prodn. from magnesite or dolomite
Inventor: WYNN NICHOLAS PATRICK
IPC: C01F/
Filed: 1980-02-01
Granted: 1989-07-16
Abstract: Magnesium is produced from magnesite or dolomite by calcination, leaching with calcium chloride soln. crystallisation of magnesium chloride or carnallite from the leach liquor, followed by drying, melting and electrolytic decomposition to magnesium, the Cl, HCl, CO2 and air released from these last three steps being submerged to absorption with milk of lime with addn. of a catalyst to produce calcium chloride soln. The absorption process comprises (i) a first continuous absorption stage using milk of lime of pH above 10; (ii) a first solids sepn. stage; (iii) a first catalytic reaction stage at pH above 10 using a nickel-, iron- cobalt- or copper-contg. catalyat to decompose hypochlorite ions in the soln. to chloride ions; (iv) a second sepn. stage to recover the catalyst for purificn. and recycling; (v) a second absorption stage in which the soln. from (iv), with addn. of milk of lime, is used for pre-scrubbing the off-gases from the melting step firstly at pH below 3 and then, after further addn. of milk of lime, at pH above 10; (vi) treatment of the soln. from (v) with a reductant to reduce chlorine-oxygen cpds. to chloride ions followed by a third absorption stage, with addn. of solids from (ii), at pH below 3 to absorb the HCl from the drying step; (vii) neutralisation of the soln. from (vi) with milk of lime, followed by a third solids sepn. stage to leave a 30-40% calcium chloride soln. contg. max. 50 ppm. Fe ions and max. 50 ppm. ClO3 ions; and (viii) recycling of the soln. from (vii) to the leaching step.
Patent IT-1007581-B (IT)
IPC: A01N55/04
Filed: 1974-01-21
Granted: 1976-10-30
Abstract: 1451791 Method of inhibiting microbial growth THOMSON RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Ltd 18 Jan 1974 3256/73 Heading A5E A method of maintaining a liquid or solid substance in a non-marine environment in such manner that microbial growth in the substance is inhibited, comprises incorporating in or applying to the substance before or while it is placed in said environment from 0.001 to 0.08 % by weight of a monomer of the general formula: wherein R, R' and R" individually represent alkyl or H; R"' represents alkyl; and X represents O, O-alkyl-O, or O-alkyl-SO 3 . Typical compounds used are tripropyl and tributyl methacrylates and crotonates. The monomer may be stabilized by a polymerization inhibitor such as p-methoxy phenol. Substances specified are leather, hide, emulsions, cellulose, formaldehyde, surface coatings, cleaning liquids, vinyl polymers, fabrics, paints, proteinaceous suspensions, wood, plastics, latices, adhesives and rubber.
Patent IT-1215597-B (IT)
Title: Digital delay generator for sonar and radar beam formers
Inventor: KNUDSEN DONALD C
IPC: G01S/
Filed: 1987-06-30
Granted: 1990-02-14
Abstract: The beam former control apparatus comprises a delay circuit for generating a delay or phase shift control signal for each transducer. Each delay circuit comprises a first digital apparatus for receiving one or a pair of signals representative of a target direction relative to a predetermined reference point and for providing in response to it a first signal representing a function of an included angle between lines joining the reference point to the corresponding transducer and the same reference point to the target. A second digital apparatus is in circuit communication with the first digital apparatus for receiving the first signal and a second signal representative of the range of the target relative to the reference point and for providing in response to it an output signal corresponding to the control signal.
Patent IT-1187753-B (IT)
Inventor: PORRO MASSIMO
IPC: A61K39/116
Filed: 1985-07-05
Granted: 1987-12-23
Abstract: Glycoproteinic conjugates having trivalent immuno­genic activity obtained by binding, by a covalent bond, to a protein selected among CRM 197, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis toxin, at least an oligosaccharidic hapten derived from the capsular polysaccharide of a gram-posi­tive bacterium and at least an oligosaccharidic hapten derived from the capsular polysaccharide of a gram-nega­tive bacterium, and wherein said oligosaccharidic haptens are previously activated by introducing terminal esters.
Patent IT-1197259-B (IT)
Inventor: VERNAREGGI V
IPC: A61K31/38
Filed: 1986-09-23
Granted: 1988-11-30
Abstract: Heterocyclic amido derivatives of substituted benzoic acids of general formula (I): <CHEM> in which: R1 is H; 3-OCH3; 3-Cl; 4-Cl; 5-Cl; 3-CH3; 5-CH3; or 3-OH; <CHEM> -CH2-COOH; or -CH2-CO2-C2H5; R4 is H; a linear alkyl radical of 1-4 carbon atoms; -COOH; or -CO2C2H5; R5 is H, or R5 and R6 together form (-CO-NH); R6 is H; -NO2; NH2; -NH-COH; -NH-COCH3; -NH-CO-CO-(CH2) n-CH3 where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; or R6 and R5 together form (NH-CO-); Y is N; or C-R in which R is CO2R2 and R2 is H or an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal equivalent or a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1-8 carbon atoms; and their therapeutically acceptable salts. Said amido derivatives are potent antiallergic agents, suitable also for oral administration.
Patent IT-1044836-B (IT)
Title: Tyres which avoid overheating when flat - using lubricant -filled recesses
Inventor: TANGORRA G
IPC: B60C17/00
Filed: 1972-03-28
Granted: 1980-04-21
Abstract: The sidewalls are convex to the interior whether inflated or not. The inner surface of each sidewall has a bulb-shaped recess filled with silicone grease which flows at 70 - 100 degrees C. At normal inflated pressure these recesses are closed. When pressure is lost, the convexity increases, the recesses move close to the inner surface of the tread and their mouths open. If the tyre temperature rises through friction, the silicone grease flows out and reduces internal friction.
Patent IT-1037496-B (IT)
IPC: G01R13/22
Filed: 1975-04-21
Granted: 1979-11-10
Abstract: 1458798 Liquid detergent compositions PROCTER & GAMBLE CO 18 April 1975 [19 April 1974] 16112/75 Heading C5D Clear, homogeneous, aqueous, liquid, detergent compositions, suitable for hand washing of tableware, comprise (A) 2 to 12% by weight of a water-soluble sulphonate of formula R 1 SO 3 M, wherein R 1  is a C 8 -C 20  alkyl group and M is alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium; (B) 5 to 30% by weight of a water-soluble ether sulphate of formula wherein R 2  is a C 8  to C 22  aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, n is 1À5 to 12 and M is as defined above; and (c) 2 to 8% by weight of an amine oxide of formula R 3 R 4 R 6 #O wherein R 3  is a C 8 -C 20  aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R 4  and R 5  are methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl or hydroxyethyl; the weight ratio (A) : (B) being 1À15 to 2 : 3; and of (C) : (A)+(B) being 1 : 21 to 1 : 3. The compositions may also comprise up to 15% by weight of a C 8 -C 22  fatty alcohol sulphate and up to 3% by weight of the reaction product of 4 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a C 8 -C 20  fatty alcohol, hydrotropes, solvents, urea, organic acids and salts thereof, sulphuric or phosphoric acid, perfume, dye, fluorescers, tarnish inhibitors, triethanolamine and coconut monoethanolamide.
Patent IT-1048934-B (IT)
Title: Phenylephrine prepn - by halogenation with dioxan complex
IPC: C07C/
Filed: 1972-04-22
Granted: 1980-12-20
Abstract: Phenylephrine (I) is prepared by a process in which m-hydroxy-acetophenone (II) is brominated by Br2 in the presence of dioxan. The process may be used to halogenate the aliphatic or acyl side chain of any subst. phenol of formula (III): where n = 1-3, R = acyl or an aliphatic gp. of 1-7C. One mole of dioxan is added per hydroxy group of (I), plus one for each halogen atom added.
Patent IT-1022147-B (IT)
IPC: F16H57/025
Filed: 1974-09-20
Granted: 1978-03-20
Abstract: An assembly for connecting the output shaft of an electric motor or the like to the input of a gearbox or the like comprises a rigid housing having one side flanged to the motor and another side flanged to the gearbox. A rigid connecting sleeve is journaled in the housing and rotatable about an axis extending between the motor and the gearbox. A pinion meshing with the input of the gearbox has a short mounting shaft which is cemented into one end of the sleeve. The output shaft of the motor is keyed to a hub received in the other end of the sleeve. A plurality of matching outwardly open recesses on the hub are alignable with similar inwardly open recesses in the sleeve and connecting members each comprising a steel rod surrounded by an elastomeric layer are received in these recesses so as rotationally to link the hub to the sleeve. Misalignment of the motor output shaft with the input of the gearbox is therefore compensated for by these elastic connecting members.
Patent IT-1099742-B (IT)
Title: Fracture reducing and joint immobilising appts. - has two pin holder assemblies each with opposed apertured wall structures for supporting bone penetrating pins
IPC: A61F/
Filed: 1978-10-13
Granted: 1985-09-28
Abstract: The appts. includes upper and lower pin holder assemblies of ring-like configuration which may be opened for application to the limb. Each pin holder assembly includes opposed wall structure within which bone penetrating pins are secured to firmly attach each pin holder assembly to the bone segment. Elongate connector assemblies extend between the upper and lower pin holder assemblies with each of the connector assemblies including spherical coupling components which permit adjustment of the pin holder assemblies in a universal manner. Each connector assembly includes nut elements which dually serve to position an intermediate spherical component along the connector shaft for locked engagement with the ring structure of a pin holder assembly.
Patent IT-1089435-B (IT)
Title: Security seal for gas meter casing - using oval disc with spring arms having retaining hooks at free ends
IPC: B65D/
Filed: 1977-12-12
Granted: 1985-06-18
Abstract: The security seal, for sealing a gas meter casing employs an oval seal (10) in the form of a disc, carrying spring arms (34) extending perpendicular to the plane of the seal (10). The arms having retaining hooks at their free ends, with a rupture point provided between the arms (34) and the seal (10). The arms are carried by a circular disc (30) at the centre of the seal (10) and secured to the latter by a neck (32) forming the rupture point. The front face of the seal (10) may carry two raised faces (20, 22) each having a printed symbol.
Patent IT-1234146-B (IT)
Title: Compact bar selector for hosiery shop machines.
Inventor: MASEROLI ROBERTO
IPC: D04B/
Filed: 1989-05-17
Granted: 1992-05-04
Abstract: Bar selector for hosiery shop machines, in which each bar (36) oscillates bi-stably around an axis (54) and operates around a pair of electromagnets (70) whose action exerts respectively on two parts (66, 68) of the bar, made from magnetic iron, eccentric to the abovementioned axis (54), to insert or else select a bar camshaft in the trajectory of a tooth (6) of a stick contained in a revolving cylinder groove (2) in the machine. The iron magnetic parts are set opposite to the axis (54) and staggered along the axis. Each bars' (36) axis (54) lie on the same surface parallel to the rotation axis of the machine's revolving cylinder (2) or passing along this latter axis. Each of the bars (36) is made from a shaft (38) whose axis is the rotation axis (54) of the bar. The shaft has at least two lengthways hollows (40, 42) lined up, distanced between them, opposite to at least another two lengthways hollows (37, 39, 41) lined up, distanced between them, staggered lengthways in respect to the first two hollows. The hollows are dihedral corner shaped whose corner coincides with the bar's shaft axis (54). Each hollow (37, 39, 40, 41, 42) has a respective wedge inserted (44, 46, 48, 52) that is slightly shorter than the length of the relative hollow. Each wedge's corner coincides with the corner of each hollow. The wedges have a corner opening less than that of the hollow's dihedral angle to allow for the desired bar rotation. The selector can be equipped with a liquid coolant system.
Patent IT-1190258-B (IT)
Inventor: CAPPA SERGIO
IPC: B29C63/02
Filed: 1986-04-03
Granted: 1988-02-16
Abstract: In the on-line manufacturing of sheets of glass provided at their rim with a sealing strip of a polymeric material, a machine is inserted, ahead of the sealing strip assembly, to cover one face of the glass with a thin protective film
Patent IT-1219934-B (IT)
Title: Prepn. of new and known 5-acylamino- tri:halo-benzoic acid derivs.
Inventor: FELDER ERNST
IPC: C07F/
Filed: 1988-05-05
Granted: 1990-05-24
Abstract: 2,4,6-Trihalobenzoic acid derivs. of formula (Ia) are new, where X=I or Br; (a) A1 and A2=C00R1; A3=N(R)C0CH(0H)R1; R1=2-5C alkyl substd. by 1-3 0H gps.; R=Me or R1; R1=H or Me; (b) A1 and A2=C0NHCH(CH20H)2; A3=N(CH(CH20H)2)C0CH(0H)R1; (c) A1 and A2=C0N(R11)R1; A3=N(Q)C0CH(0H)R1; R11=H or R1; Q=a gp. of formula (i) where E=1-3C alkylene opt. interrupted by 0,S,S0 or S02; D=H or 1-3C mono- or dihydroxyalkyl; (d) A1=C0Y; A2 and A3=N(R)C0CH(0H)R1; Y=0H, alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, alkylamino or pref. NR2R1; and R2=H or 1-5C alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyhydroxyalkyl. Prodn. of 2,4,6-trihalobenzoic acid derivs. of formula (I) is effected by rearrangement of cpds. of formula (II) in the presence of a base. In the formulae, R3=2-6C hydroxyalkanoyl, alkoxyalkanoyl or hydroxalkoxyalkanoyl or 2-4C unsubstd. alkanoyl; R4=H, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C hydroxyalkyl, 2-6C alkoxyalkyl, 2-6C alkoxyhydroxyalkyl, (CH2CH20)nR5 or a gp. of formula (ii), where n=2-4; R5=H, Me or Et; A=2-8C alkylene opt. substd. by 0H and/or interrupted by 0,S,S0 or S02; Z-C0Y, C0NR2R1 or 2-5C acylamino, hydroxyacylamino, N-alkyl-acylamino, N-hydroxyalkyl-acylamino or acylaminomethyl; provided that at least one R3 or R4 gp. is 0H-substd. B=0CH(R6)C0NHR14 or 0CH(R6)CH2NHR3; R14 is as defined for R4 except that Z is replaced by Z1 in the formula; R6=H, 1-3C alkyl, 1-3C hydroxyalkyl or 2-3C alkoxyalkyl; Z1=Z or B.
Patent IT-1218872-B (IT)
Title: Braking system for agricultural tractor or trailer
Inventor: FERRUZZA ROBERTO
IPC: F15B/
Filed: 1984-09-12
Granted: 1990-04-24
Abstract: The system consists of a modulating unit which has a valve (3), sliding or rotary, which shuts off a passage port of the fluid from an inlet (A) to an outlet (B). The valve position permits variable pressure fluid supply to actuate the brakes. A piston (3a) acts on the valve in a direction opposite to its movement. The piston is acted on by the variable pressure. The valve is operated by a piston and cylinder unit fluidly connected to the driver's brake pedal.
Patent IT-1171465-B (IT)
Title: Forming refractory moulding by powder flame projection
Inventor: HIROMI FUKUOKA
IPC: C04B/
Filed: 1981-08-14
Granted: 1987-06-10
Abstract: Refractory moulding or repaired refractory surface formed by a refractory powder flame profection process comprises non fused refractory particles dispersed and embedded in the solidified structure of a fused refractory. Preferably refractory particles sized less than 0.2 mm. are fed into the flame projected from a burner and refractory particles sized 0.2-10 mm. are also either projected into the flame or fed into the mould or onto the surface from a separate system. Producing refractory furnace bricks and repairing refractory furnace linings. The refractory has a thermal shock resistance as good as that of burned and non burned bricks and a strength and erosion resistance equal to those of electrocust bricks.
Patent IT-1066700-B (IT)
Title: Apparatus for winding wire - has wire guides associated with turntable for reel support and has torque motor drive
IPC: B65H/
Filed: 1976-11-16
Granted: 1985-03-12
Abstract: Wire emerging from a manufacturing plant, eg. an enamelling installation, is continuously wound on a succession of reels. Reels are positioned alternately in two fixed positons and driven by torque motors. At any convenient time during the filling of one reel, the wire is looped round an empty reel in the other position and it is driven by a torque motor only sufficiently to overcome windage and other frictional forces, so that the wire controls the speed of the empty reel. When the first reel is full, the wire is cut and then wound on the empty reel, the torque applied by the motor being increased. A mixed sequence of reels with different barrel diameters, and including some with tapered barrels if desired, can be used.
Patent IT-1189603-B (IT)
Title: Radio-labelled probe for extra-corporal imaging
Inventor: LEES ROBERT S
IPC: G21G/
Filed: 1985-09-04
Granted: 1988-02-04
Abstract: Radio labelled probe comprising a Tc radioisotope and a complex having biological activity exhibited by a lipoprotein is new. Radiolabelling of a lipoprotein, or of another molecule having a biological function(s) of a lipoprotein, with a Tc isotope comprises (a) exposing the lipoprotein and Tc isotope to a reducing agent at over pH7 to form a stable Tc-lipoprotein complex; and (b) sepng. the complex from the mixt..
Patent IT-991609-B (IT)
IPC: B29C65/00
Filed: 1973-05-29
Granted: 1975-08-30
Abstract: 1386732 Seaming non-metallic sheet material FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO 1 Feb 1973 [7 June 1972] 5200/73 Heading B5K The edges of two reinforcing cord-fabric plies having a coating of a compound of natural or synthetic rubber which is not vulcanized or cross-linked, the cords of each ply being parallel to each other and to said edges, are butt joined by bringing said edges together with the cords in each ply arranged parallel to the cords in the other ply and subjecting said abutting edges to sonic or ultrasonic vibrations to join the edges without causing cross-linking or vulcanization of the compound. The fabric, e.g. tyre cord fabric, may comprise parallel cords of rayon, nylon, polyester, steel or glass. In splicing apparatus, Fig. 1, a power source (not shown) supplies electrical energy to six converters 11 which change electrical energy into mechanical energy and which are connected to six boosters 12 which increase the magnitude of the mechanical energy. The boosters 12 are connected to separate (ultra)sonic horns 13 which are brought into contact with and apply a predetermined pressure to the plies 40 to be spliced by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 14. These plies 40 are supplied by a conveyer belt 20. To ensure that the pressure applied during splicing is uniform, the belt 20 is backed by plates 30 supported by an air bag 31.