Patent GB-730210-A (GB)
Title: Treatment of textile materials containing synthetic polymeric fibres to obtain an anti-static finish
IPC: D06M13/285
Filed: 1952-09-01
Abstract: Textile materials comprising at least 10 per cent by weight of fibres formed from a synthetic polymeric material have applied thereto a solution or dispersion of a quaternary phosphonium salt to obtain an antistatic and soft finish.  The textile materials may be dyed or undyed unspun fibres, yarns, continuous filaments or fabrics and the synthetic fibre constituents of these materials may be formed from copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate; vinylidene chloride; copolymers of vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride; ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid polyester; acrylonitrile; copolymers of acrylonitrile with styrene or with alkyl- or halogen-substituted styrenes, vinyl chloride, methyl or ethyl acrylate, methyl or ethyl methacrylate, vinyl pyridine or divinyl benzene; polyhexamethylene adipamide or polyhexamethylene sebacamide.  The textile materials may also comprise fibres of cotton, linen, ramie, viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, saponified cellulose acetate, wool, casein, ground nut protein, cellulose acetate and water-insoluble cellulose ethers.  The phosphonium salt may be a quaternary phosphonium chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, sulphate or aliphatic monocarboxylate of 8-24 carbon atoms, e.g. a stearate, oleate or palmitate.  The compound may have the formula (1) X.P.(R1)(R)3 where R1 is an alkyl group of 6-24 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group, each R is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine or an aliphatic monocarboxylate group of 8-24 carbon atoms; (2) X.P.(R)(N(R21))3 in which R is an alkyl group of 6-22 carbon atoms, each R1 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above; <FORM:0730210/IV (c)/1> where Y and Y1 are chlorine, bromine or hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups of 1-5 carbon atoms, R11 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above.  Numerous examples of the compounds are given.  The compounds may be applied in solution or dispersion in water or an organic solvent.  The liquid may be sprayed or dripped on to the material or applied by rollers, or the material may be immersed in the liquid and excess liquid removed by centrifuging or squeezing.  The liquid may also include a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, a sulphonated or sulphated mineral or vegetable oil or butyl stearate or mixtures of these materials, sorbitol, glycerine, sorbitol laurate, ethylene-oxide-alkyl mercaptan condensation products in which the alkyl group contains at least 8 carbon atoms, butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or ammonium stearate.  The treating liquid may be applied prior to a dyeing operation or the quaternary phosphonium salt may be added to the dye bath.  The dyeing may be carried out at an elevated temperature, after which the dyed material is rinsed with water and dried.  Sodium sulphate or sodium chloride may be added to the dye bath.  The dyestuffs may be acid or mordant dyestuffs.  In example 6, filaments of polyhexamethylene-adipamide are immersed in an aqueous bath containing Pontachrome Black TA, acetic acid, xylyl tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium bromide and Glauber's salt at 100 DEG  F. and the temperature is raised to and maintained at 190 DEG F., two additions of concentrated sulphuric acid being made at this temperature, after which treatment the filaments are rinsed and dried.  Other dyestuffs which may be used similarly are Pontachrome Brown G, Kiton fast Yellow 3G, Hudson Chrome Red B, Formyl Yellow S4B, Metamine Fast Acid Red N, Chromaven Brilliant Blue B, Chromoxane Cyanine RA, Xylene Milling Blue BL, Wool Orange A.  Specification 716,678, [Group IV (b)], is referred to.ALSO:A quaternary phosphonium salt for application to synthetic polymer textile materials to produce an antistatic finish has one of the following general formul X.P.(R1) (R)3 where R1 is an aralkyl group or an alkyl group of 6-24 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine or an aliphatic monocarboxylate group of 8-24 carbon atoms; X-P(R)[N(R1)2]3 in which R is an alkyl group of 6-22 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above; <FORM:0730210/IV (b)/1> where Y and Y1 are chlorine, bromine, hydrogen or alkyl groups of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R11 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above.  Such phosphonium carboxylates are obtained by reacting a water-soluble salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of 8-24 carbon atoms with the appropriate quaternary phosphonium halide.  The halides of the general formula (2) are obtained by reacting an alkyl halide of 6-22 carbon atoms with a hexa-alkyl phosphorus triamide having the formula P[N(R1)2]3 at a temperature between 80 DEG  and 250 DEG  C.  The halides of the general formula (3) are obtained by reacting the corresponding benzyl halide with a hexa-alkyl-phosphorus triamide as above at normal or elevated temperatures and with or without a solvent or diluent. Specification 716,678 is referred to.ALSO:A composition for application to synthetic polymer textile materials to impart an antistatic and soft finish comprises a quaternary phosphonium salt in aqueous solution or dispersion together with 0.1 to 5 per cent by weight of a mineral oil, a vegetable oil, a sulphonated mineral or vegetable oil or butyl stearate, or a mixture thereof, or sorbitol or glycerine.  Other specified additions are sorbitol laurate, condensation products of ethylene oxide with alkyl mercaptans of at least 8 carbon atoms, butyl alcohol, and the monoethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.  The quaternary phosphonium compound may have the formula: (1) X.P.(R1)(R)3 where R1 is an aralkyl group or an alkyl group of 6-24 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is chlorine, bromine, iodine or an aliphatic monocarboxylate group of 8-24 carbon atoms; (2) X.P(R)(N(R1)2)3 in which R is an alkyl group of 6-22 carbon atoms, each R1 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above; or (3) <FORM:0730210/III/1> where Y and Y1 are chlorine, bromine or hydrogen or alkyl groups of 1-5 carbon atoms, R11 is an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and X is as above. Numerous examples of these compounds are given.  The quaternary phosphonium aliphatic monocarboxylates are normally oil-soluble and water-insoluble but are dispersible in water with the aid of dispersing agents. Specification 716,678, [Group IV (b)], is referred to.