Patent GB-997380-A (GB)
Title: Synthesis of steroids
IPC: C12P33/10
Filed: 1961-10-09
Abstract: The invention comprises steroids of the general formula <FORM:0997380/C2/1> wherein the 1,2-position is saturated or double-bonded, R represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, R111 represents an alkylsulphonyl or monocyclic arylsulphonyl group, X represents halogen, and P and Q each represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl, halo-lower alkyl, monocyclic aryl, monocyclic aralkyl or cyclo-alkyl group or together with the carbon atom to which they are attached P and Q represent an alkylene group of 3 to 5 carbon atoms or a monoazoalkylene group of 3 or 4 carbon atoms forming a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon or a nitrogen heterocyclic group and the corresponding 21-acyloxy-11a -alkylsulphonyloxy and -11a -monocyclic arylsulphonyloxy compounds, and the preparation of the above 11a -hydroxy compounds by aerobically incubating the corresponding 11-unsubstituted compounds in a nutrient medium having an assimilable source of nitrogen and carbon and containing a micro-organism of the genus Colletotrichum or the genus Tricothecium such as C.phomoides, C.pesi, C. linicolae, T. flagrans, T. domesticum and T.roseum.  A product containing a free 21-OH group may be 21-acylated, and/or a product containing a single bond at the 1(2)-position may be dehydrogenated to form a D 1,4-compound, for example by means of a micro-organism such as Bacterium cyclooxydans or by means of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone. In the above fermentation process for the introduction of the 11a -hydroxy group it is preferable that the symbols P and Q represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, and other values of P and Q may be introduced by hydrolysing the 16,17-acetal or ketal moiety to form a 16,17-dihydroxy-steroid and reacting this compound with the required aldehyde or ketone of the formula <FORM:0997380/C2/2> The compounds of the first general formula above, wherein R111 represents an alkylsulphonyl or monocyclic arylsulphonyl group, are prepared by reacting the corresponding free 11a -hydroxy compounds with the required organo sulphonyl halide and in the case of products of the general formula <FORM:0997380/C2/3> wherein P, Q, R, R111 and X have the above significance, treating these compounds with an alkali metal salt of a lower fatty acid to form the corresponding D 1,4,9,(11)-compound, treating this compound with an agent capable of effecting the addition of hypobromous acid to the 9,11-double bond such as a mixture of a strong acid and an N-bromoamide or N-bromoimide, dehydrobrominating the resulting corresponding D 1,4 - 9a  - bromo - 11b  - hydroxy compound by treating with a base such as sodium or potassium acetate to form the corresponding 9b ,11b -oxido compound and treating this compound with a hydrogen halide.  Steroids of the general formula <FORM:0997380/C2/4> wherein R1 and R11 have the same significance as P and Q above and X is fluorine or chlorine, are prepared by reacting D 5,16-pregnadiene-3b ,21 - diol - 20 - one 21 - acetate successively with potassium permanganate and an aldehyde or ketone of the formula <FORM:0997380/C2/5> treating the resulting D 5-pregnene-3b ,16a ,17a , 21 - tetrol - 20 - one 16,17 - ketal or - acetal with monoperphthalic acid to form the corresponding 5a ,6a -oxide, treating this oxide with boron trifluoride or boron trichloride in ether forms the corresponding 5a -hydroxy-6b -fluoro- or 5a -hydroxy - 6b  - chloro - compound, treating this compound with chromium trioxide and hydrochloric acid forms a 21-acetate of a compound of the above formula and hydrolysing the 21-acetate with dilute alkali.