Patent GB-477867-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes and apparatus for the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials
IPC: C10G1/06
Filed: 1937-02-12
Abstract: In the hydrogenation of carbonaceous material at high temperature and pressure in a closed circuit in which temperature and pressure are substantially uniform throughout, the fresh raw material is added in a continuous <PICT:0477867/IV/1> or discontinuous manner in such quantity that the physical and chemical homogeneity of the circulating medium is not substantially changed.  The reaction may be carried out in a heated tubular vessel E to which raw material is supplied by a pump B delivering through a valve C to a pressure regulator D, hydrogen being added through a valve F.  The material leaving the chamber passes to a container G at the same temperature and pressure, whence it is returned to the reaction vessel by a pump H.  A part of the circulating medium is withdrawn from the container G at the same rate as raw material is introduced, and is passed to a separator I, followed by the usual cooler and further separator. Examples are given of (1) the hydrogenation of naphthalene dissolved in tetraline to give 80 per cent tetraline, 8 per cent decaline and the residue of single-ring aromatic compounds; (2) the hydrogenation of technical tri-cresol to give 83 per cent toluene, 5 per cent benzene, 5 per cent higher aromatics and 7 per cent hydroaromatics.ALSO:<PICT:0477867/III/1> In the hydrogenation of carbonaceous material at high temperature and pressure in a closed circuit in which temperature and pressure are substantially uniform throughout, the fresh raw material is added in a continuous or discontinuous manner and in such quantity that the physical and chemical homogeneity of the circulating medium is not substantially changed.  The reaction may be carried out in a heated tubular vessel E to which raw material is supplied by a pump B delivering through a valve C to a pressure regulator D, hydrogen being added through a valve F.  The material leaving the chamber passes to a container G at the same temperature and pressure, whence it is returned to the reaction vessel by a pump H.  A part of the circulating medium is withdrawn from the container G at the same rate as raw material is introduced, and is passed to a separator I, followed by the usual cooler and further separator.  Examples are given of (1) the hydrogenation of crude anthracene at 470 DEG  C. and 200 atmospheres to produce materials boiling below 300 DEG  C.; (2) the hydrogenation of naphthalene dissolved in tetraline at 60 DEG  C. and 250 atmospheres to give 80 per cent tetraline, 8 per cent decaline and the remainder of single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons; (3) the treatment of technical tri-cresol with hydrogen at 470 DEG  C. and 150 atmospheres to give 83 per cent toluene, 5 per cent benzene, 5 per cent higher aromatics and 7 per cent hydroaromatics; (4) the destructive hydrogenation at 470 DEG  C. and 200 atmospheres of a mineral oil of which 40 per cent boils between 250 DEG  C. and 320 DEG  C., the product containing 60 per cent of a benzine boiling below 200 DEG  C.; (5) the destructive hydrogenation of a paste of lignite and oil at 400 DEG  C. and 200 atmospheres to give 20 per cent of light oil and 54 per cent of heavy oil.  Details are given of the rate of addition of raw material in comparison with the rate of circulation.