Patent GB-428410-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to petroleum and like hydrocarbons
IPC: C10L1/20
Filed: 1934-04-04
Abstract: Oily, resinous or rubbery products are obtained by condensing a cyclic hydrocarbon with a saturated dihalogen derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing less than five carbon atoms. Specified reagents from which the condensation products may be prepared are (a) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and their hydrogenation or alkyl substitution products and (b) dichloromethane or ethylene dichloride.  The condensation is preferably effected at 20--50 DEG  C. in the presence of a halide catalyst such as aluminium chloride, zinc chloride, or boron fluoride.  The reaction can be stopped before rubbery products are formed either by using an excess of cyclic hydrocarbon or by hydrolyzing the catalyst with water, acid or alkali, or preferably with alcoholic ammonia.  The oily products can be distilled, and further refined by ordinary methods, e.g. with acid, alkali or clay.  The plastic resins are not very soluble in hydrocarbon oils, but their solubility can be raised by alkylation, as described in Specification 428,438, or by catalytic hydrogenation. In the examples: (1) benzene and ethylene dichloride are condensed at 40 DEG  C. in the presence of aluminium chloride to yield an oily product, which is freed from diphenylethane by distillation; (2) the reagents used in example 1 are heated to 70--80 DEG  C. to produce a plastic resin; (3) the product of example 2 is treated in carbon bisulphide solution with amyl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride; an alkylated product, more soluble in hydrocarbon oils than the starting material, is obtained; (4) as in example 2, except that the time of reaction is increased and a product of higher molecular weight is obtained, which is alkylated with amyl chloride; propyl and then butyl chlorides are other specified alkylating-agents.ALSO:Petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline, kerosene, Diesel fuel oil, lubricating-oil, and paraffin wax, and like hydrocarbons such as are obtainable from shale oil and by the hydrogenation of carbonaceous materials, are improved by addition of products obtained by condensing a cyclic hydrocarbon with a saturated dihalogen derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing less than five carbon atoms.  The addition of the condensation products increases the viscosity of the hydrocarbon oils specified, and is particularly useful in the case of lubricating-oils; addition of the condensation products to paraffin wax increases the transparency and adherent properties of the wax, and is useful in the manufacture of moulded articles such as candles; the products may also be used in solid lubricating-compositions.  Specified reagents from which the condensation products may be prepared are (a) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and their hydrogenation or alkyl substitution products, and (b) dichloromethane or ethylene dichloride.  The condensation is preferably effected at 20--50 DEG  C. in the presence of a halide catalyst such as aluminium chloride, zinc chloride, or boron fluoride.  According to the reaction conditions, the products may be oils, plastic resins, or insoluble rubbery solids, and of these the oils and the plastic resins are suitable for the purposes specified above.  The reaction can be stopped before rubbery products are formed either by using an excess of cyclic hydrocarbon or by hydrolyzing the catalyst with water, acid or alkali, or preferably with alcoholic ammonia.  The oily products can be distilled, and further refined by ordinary methods, e.g. with acid, alkali or clay. The plastic resins are not very soluble in hydrocarbon oils, but their solubility can be raised by alkylation, as described in Specification 428,438, or by catalytic hydrogenation.  In the examples: (1) benzene and ethylene dichloride are condensed at 40 DEG C. in the presence of aluminium chloride to yield an oily product, which is freed from diphenylethane by distillation; (2) the reagents used in example 1 are heated to 70--80 DEG  C. to produce a plastic resin; (3) the product of example 2 is treated in carbon bisulphide solution with amyl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride; an alkylated product, more soluble in hydrocarbon oils than the starting material, is obtained; the viscosity properties of a mixture of the product with a paraffin base lubricating-oil are stated; (4) as in example 2, except that the time of reaction is increased and a product of higher molecular weight is obtained, which is then alkylated with amyl chloride; the viscosity properties of mixtures of the alkylated product with a petroleum oil are stated; propyl and butyl chlorides are other specified alkylating agents.