baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-689194-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of mixed cellulose esters
IPC: C08B3/16
Filed: 1950-06-29
Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of mixed cellulose esters of lower and higher aliphatic acids by the simultaneous action on cellulose of the anhydrides of the lower and higher aliphatic acids corresponding to the desired ester, the cellulose is first given an activating pretreatment, and is then treated with an esterification liquor comprising substantially all the higher aliphatic acid anhydride and part only of the lower aliphatic acid anhydride which is to be employed, a catalyst for the esterification of cellulose, and a solvent for the ester in amount sufficient to dissolve it as it is formed, the remainder of the lower aliphatic acid anhydride being added in one or more stages in the course of the esterification. Both the lower and the higher aliphatic acids are monobasic and contain 2-4 and 10 or more carbon atoms in the molecule respectively. The pretreatment is preferably carried out with the lower aliphatic acid corresponding to the desired ester, the acid advantageously containing a catalyst for the esterification of cellulose.  Both for the esterification and (when a catalyst is used) for the pretreatment the preferred catalyst is sulphuric acid.  The solvent for the cellulose ester is preferably one which is immiscible with water, especially methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, or benzene. Solvent may be present during the pretreatment as well as during the esterification.  Mixed esters which may be prepared include cellulose acetate stearate, acetate oleate, acetate palmitate, acetate laurate, acetate linoleate, propionate palmitate, propionate stearate, propionate laurate, propionate linoleate, butyrate stearate, butyrate oleate, butyrate palmitate, butyrate laurate and butyrate linoleate. In an example 162 parts of cotton linters are pretreated with a mixture of 162 parts of glacial acetic acid and 8 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid.  The mixture is then agitated for 1.5 hours at 35 DEG  C. with 324 parts of stearic anhydride, 162 parts acetic anhydride, and 1620 parts ethylene dichloride.  A further 162 parts of acetic anhydride are added, esterification is continued for a further 3 hours and then another 162 parts of acetic anhydride with 2 parts of sulphuric acid are added and esterification is continued for a further 1 1/2 hours.  The sulphuric acid is then neutralized by the addition of solid sodium carbonate and the cellulose acetate stearate is precipitated by adding the mixture to boiling water, so boiling off the ethylene dichloride.  The precipitated cellulose acetate stearate is washed with hot aqueous 70 per cent ethyl alcohol, extracted with di-ethyl ether and dried.
Patent GB-1518132-A (GB)
Title: Air screw vehicle propulsion units
IPC: B64C11/00
Filed: 1975-07-16
Abstract: 1518132 Rotary positive-displacement fluidmachines NVT MOTORCYCLES Ltd 16 July 1976 [19 April 1975] 16288/75 Heading F1F [Also in Division B7]  A propulsion unit for a light aircraft or groundeffect vehicle includes an air screw propeller 13  driven by a rotary piston I.C. engine (of the Wankel type), the engine being disposed with its main shaft 6 normal to the shaft 12 of the propeller, and with the major portion of the stator surrounding the hot lobe 15 of the stator cavity facing towards the propeller. Up to four such engines may be provided equi-angularly spaced around the shaft 12, or alternatively in T or V formation. Each engine may have two rotors 7 and stators separated by a plate 31, Fig. 1 (not shown), and the stators have cooling fins 14 which are of greater depth or more closely spaced in the region of the hot lobe.
Patent GB-605193-A (GB)
Title: Washing machines
IPC: D06F37/24
Filed: 1945-06-26
Abstract: 605,193. Washing-machines. PAGE, H. E. June 26, 1945, No. 16295. Convention date, July 11, 1944. [Class 138(ii)] [Also in Group II] A washing apparatus comprises a motor M<1> for oscillating the vanes 41 in the basket 35 during washing operations, a motor M for rotating the basket 35 during centrifugal drying, means for maintaining dynamic 'balance during the latter operation, and springs 15 on which the unit is suspendably mounted on springs 15. During the washing operation, the motor M<1> drives gear wheel 51 through gears 47, 48, and ball clutch 47a. Integral with the gear 51 is a pin 52 which engages a slot 54 in a plate 55, and rotation of gear 51 causes oscillation of the plate 55 in a direction at right angles to the axis of the slot. The plate 55 is provided with teeth 58 in the form of a rack which engages a gear wheel 60 attached to the lower end of the drive shaft 22, thus oscillation of plate 55 causes rotary oscillatory motion of the shaft 22 and the vanes 41 attached thereto. During drying operations, the motor M rotates the shaft 22 through a slipping clutch 18 and epicyclic gears 12, 17, 20. Rotation of the shaft 22 causes rotation of the basket 35 since, during the drying operation, they are locked relative to one another by the engagement of the gear 60 with the rack teeth 58 on the plate 55, the plate 55 remaining stationary unless driven by motor M<1>. Dynamic balance is maintained by the selective centrifugal discharge of water from a plurality of cups 68 disposed circumferentially around the annular cup 67 surrounding the motor M<1>. The cups 68 are filled centrifugally from the cup 76 when the solenoid-operated valve 64 opens to allow the water in the basket 35 to drain out via pipe 65. The discharge of water from the cups 68 is controlled by valves 70 normally held, closed by springs 71 but which are opened when the out of balance force on the basket is sufficient to cause the lower ends 83 of the pivoted rods 80 to engage a disc 75 secured to the framework. To allow for the out-of-balance force being anguarly out of phase with the displaced axis of rotation the ends 83 are also moved circumferentially by the plate 95 which is caused to rotate within limits by the centrifugal action of the pivoted weights 89. Clean water is supplied to the basket 35 via a thermostat 107 from hot and cold mains, and provision is also made for the soapy water discharged centrifugally from the basket 35 into the tank 120 during the drying operation to be returned by the pump 125 to the basket 35 for further washing operations. A switch 100 in the circuit of the motor M prevents rotation of the basket 35 when filled with clothes and water as the springs 15 are compressed sufficiently to open the switch 100. Thus the basket must be drained by opening the valve 64 after the washing operation before the drying operation can be commenced. A solenoidoperated brake 25 is used to slow down the rotation of the basket after the drying operation has been completed
Patent GB-767291-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in leggings
IPC: A43B5/18
Filed: 1953-06-12
Abstract: 767,291. Overboots. DRAXLMAIER, K., DRAXLMAIER, P., and DRAXLMAIER, F., [trading as DRAXLMAIER, S.]. June 12, 1953 [June 14, 1952], No. 16310/53. Class 17(2). Overboots of the legging type for motorcyclists comprises a waterproof upper including a leg portion 1 of rubberized fabric, artificial leather or plastic material closed by a waterproof seam 2 and sewn to an intermediate sole 6. An outer sole 4 of rubber or other plastic material is attached by vulcanisation or another welding process. In a modification, the intermediate sole is of plastic material and extends up the upper to which it is sewn under the outer sole margin 5 and then welded thereto.
Patent GB-933736-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for treatment of growing crops
IPC: A01B41/00
Filed: 1961-05-05
Abstract: 933,736. Agricultural implements. H. J. B. ROBINSON, and R. A. ROBINSON. May 7, 1962 [May 5, 1961; July 28, 1961], Nos. 16387/61 and 27421/61. Class 6(1). Apparatus for use in thinning out plants comprises a platform supported for movement across the ground and so constructed as to permit the plants in a row to be seen by a person on the platform, and a hoeing implement movably mounted in relation to the platform for manipulation by the person on the platform to remove unwanted plants. The platform comprises wire mesh supported by frame members 10, 11, 12, longitudinal strengthening members 28 and pairs of parallel members 22, 23, 24, hoeing implements being pivoted between the members of each pair 22-24. Each implement comprises a doubleedged blade 31 or hoeing wire carried by a tubular stem 30 pivoted to the platform by means of spigots 34 formed on a collar 35 slidable on the stem 30, the spigot engaging in a bracket 37 clamped across the transverse members. The collar 35 is urged into contact with a collar 41 on the stem by spring 40 which also bears against a collar 42, the positions of the collars 41, 42 on the stem being variable to allow heightwise adjustment of the hoe-blade. The wire mesh may be replaced by planks supported on the frame 10-12 so that the rows of plants are visible and the platform may be adapted for attachment to the lift links of a tractor.
Patent GB-1013982-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of induction coils
Inventor: JANS PETER HANS MOLHO LM FREDE
IPC: H01F37/00
Filed: 1961-05-05
Abstract: 1, 013, 982. Inductance;power measurement; fault testing. H. C. HANSEN. May 1, 1962 [May 5,1961], No. 16388/61. Heading G1U. [Also in Division H1] One or more gaps in the magnetic circuit 10, 14 (Fig. 1) of an inductor 12 is filled with a deformable material 16, the inductor is placed in operating conditions similar to those in which it will operate when in use and is arranged to give an indication (on ammeter A, Fig. 2) of its inductance, the core structure being deformed to correct the inductance if the indication shows that its valve is outside the tolerance limit. The deformation is effected through shoes 42 or 26 which respectively reduce or increase the gaps when the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders 50, 34 are actuated by manual operation of the valves 54, 38. The material 16 may be foamed synthetic resin. Two coils are provided TL 1 , TL 2  (Fig.2) which are of the same type as the coils 12 being manufactured to enable standardisation of the meter readings and to permit adjustment thereof by using new prototype coils if the type of coil being manufactured is changed. A wattmeter W enables a check to be made on the consumption in the coil so that unsatisfactory specimens can be rejected. Insulation testing can be effected when the gap has been adjusted satisfactorily by applying between the coil winding 12 and the core 14 a high voltage from transformer winding 67 the departure from normal of the voltage indicated by V being dependent on the production of a voltage drop in resistance 68 by leakage current. The circuits may be controlled by relays (R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , Fig. 5, not shown) under the control of push buttons so that an indicator lamp lights when the inductance is being checked and a warning lamp is lit when the insulation is under test. The coils are vacuum impregnated with varnish after the adjusting and testing. The apparatus may be adapted to adjust the coil inductance automatically and to reject automatically coils giving unsatisfactory wattmeter readings or unsatisfactory voltage readings from the h.t circuit.
Patent GB-1165453-A (GB)
Title: Process for Disintegrating Graphite Bodies
Inventor: KNOTIK KARL
IPC: G21C19/46
Filed: 1967-04-10
Abstract: 1,165,453. Processing spent nuclear fuel. OSTERREICHISCHE STUDIENGESELLSCHAFT FUR ATOMENERGIE G.m.b.H. 10 April, 1967 [12 April, 1966], No. 16390/67. Heading G6R. [Also in Division C1] Graphite bodies, especially spent nuclear fuel compacts, are disintegrated by immersion in a liquid oxidizing medium containing peroxymonosulphuric acid, peroxydisulphuric acid, or an ammonium or alkali metal salt thereof. For example, graphite containing embedded spherical fuel particles coated with pyrocarbon is treated and the graphite powder formed is separated by a gravity process. The liquid oxidizing medium may also contain concentrated H 2 SO 4  and concentrated or fuming HNO 3 . A mixture of concentrated H 2 SO 4  and H 2 O 2 , or the product of electrolytic amodic oxidation of H 2 SO 4 , is also suitable. In examples, a mixture of concentrated H 2 SO 4  and ammonium peroxydisulphuric acid is used at room temperature or 40‹ C.
Patent GB-835994-A (GB)
Title: Device for recording the incidence of radiation due to an atomic explosion
Inventor: WAGNER PHILIP HENRY
IPC: G21J5/00
Filed: 1955-06-08
Abstract: 835,994. Photographic radiation recorders. GENERAL RADIOLOGICAL Ltd. June 8, 1956 [June 8, 1955], No. 16467/55. Classes 98(1) and 98(2) A device for recording radiant heat and light to enable the direction of incidence thereof to be obtained comprises an opaque container, the wall of which is a simple surface of revolution and is lined with a sensitized blank wholly enclosed by the container, with blank and container having registering perforations, each admitting radiation to the blank over a limited angular range In Fig. 2 the wall 2 is cylindrical and has a number of differently shaped apertures 7, 8, 9 registering with corresponding apertures in the blank 4, the azimuth and elevation of the incident radiation being indicated by the positions of the images on the blank. The container may be cylindrical. Specification 732,737 is referred to.
Patent GB-612740-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric rotary switches
IPC: H01H19/62
Filed: 1946-05-31
Abstract: 612,740. Switches held set and freed mechanically; snap-action switches. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and ROSE, W. R. May 31, 1946, No. 16533. [Class 38 (v)] A rotary switch of the type set out in Specification 14816/13, [Class 38 (v)], is adapted for any desired combination of spring sets and mode of operation thereof, by providing cams on the operating spindle. A tubular, flatsided body 1, on which the spring sets 2 are mounted, encloses a hollow member 6 in which is a rotatable shaft 7 carrying spaced cams 13 and having a number of flat faces equal to, or a multiple of, the number of faces on the member 1. A cam 15 for locking the cams 13 in operated positions co-operates with a spring-pressed plate 20 and ball, and a cam 16 may limit rotation of the shaft 7. The cams 13 act through balls 17 and flat members 4, each carrying an insulator 3. In Fig. 6 (not shown), possible profiles of cams 13, 15, 16 are illustrated. The operating knob 22 may be translucent and have an indicating lamp mounted therein.
Patent GB-1109435-A (GB)
Title: Hammer forge machine
IPC: B21J7/14
Filed: 1965-04-20
Abstract: 1,109,435. Forging. E. RIBBACK. 20 April, 1965 [20 April, 1964], No. 16636/65. Heading B3H. A double drive forging hammer has its tool slides 1 guided for rectilinear movement and actuated through rocking levers 2, Fig. 2. These levers are pivoted at 3, biased by springs 7 and driven through links 5 from a common eccentric 6. The levers 2 are connected to the tool slides 1 through pins 11 and eccentric bushes 8, 8a which are freely rotatable in opposite directions to each other during operation of the hammer.
Patent GB-691745-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrically controlled fluid operated rams
Inventor: MILLARD DENNIS JOHN
IPC: F15B21/08
Filed: 1950-07-04
Abstract: 691,745. Hydraulic machines. BOULTON PAUL AIRCRAFT. Ltd. July 4, 1951 [July 4, 1950], No. 16693/50. Class 69(ii) [Also in Group XI] An electrically controlled fluid operated ram mechanism having an electric motor for driving the pump and a switch controlled by the ram and open in the rest position of the ram to stop the motor has a manual control switch in parallel with the ram operated switch to energize the motor to operate the ram. A pump 1 driven by an electric motor 49 is connected to a ram cylinder 9 through a heater 3 and a slide valve 8 which is controlled by a valve 7 actuated in one direction by a solenoid 14 and in the other by a spring 13. The main pipe line 5 is connected to a valve 39 and through a thermostatically controlled valve 4 to the sump 2. A ram 34 in the cylinder 9 has a hollow shaft 36 within which is a pipe member 37 having a spray nozzle 38 at one end and connected at the other to the main line 5 through the valve 39 which is mounted in the shaft 36. A push rod 43 engages an abutment 44 on the cylinder 9, at the end of the outward stroke, to open the valve 39 to connect the pipe 5 to the nozzle 38. An electric switch 45 secured to the cylinder 9 is engaged by an actuating member 46 connected to the ram, when the ram moves outwards. The switch 45 is connected in parallel with a manually operable motor control switch 48, the switch being combined with a switch 51 which energizes the reversing solenoid 14 of the valve 7. Where several nozzles are to be actuated the switches of the respective mechanisms are connected in parallel as at 45 a . . . c.
Patent GB-1089916-A (GB)
Title: Novel 17-alkyl-19-nor-steroids
IPC: A61K31/568
Filed: 1964-11-20
Abstract: Novel steroids of the formula <FORM:1089916/C2/1> (wherein X is a halogen; Y is alkyl; R1 is OH or O acyl; and R2 is H or a C1- 4 hydrocarbon radical; or R1 + R2 is keto) are prepared from the corresponding D 4-3-ketones containing in the 17-position a group -OP, P being an ester or ether group saponifying less readily than the 3-acyloxy group of a 3-enol ester, by converting them to 3-enol esters, reducing to the D 5-3-ols and halogenating these. This may be followed by hydrolysis, oxidation, condensation or esterification to introduce the desired 17-substituents. Also, 17-alkynyl or alkenyl groups can be reduced to alkenyl or alkyl groups.  The novel 7-alkyl-19-nor-steroids, which are stated to have progestative, anabolic, androgenic, estrogenic and gonad- and ovulation-inhibiting properties, may be made up into pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral administration.
Patent GB-332688-A (GB)
Title: Announcing apparatus
IPC: G09F25/00
Filed: 1929-05-30
Abstract: 332,688. Speciality Sales, Ltd., (Begesa Deutsche Ges. Elektrische Spezial Apparate). May 30, 1929. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Clocks combined with gramophones. -A gramophone is intermittently actuated by a clock to announce advertisements, information, or the time. The record table 37 is driven by an electric motor M<1> which is in gear also with a disc St furnished with a number of rings of threaded holes in which pins 17 can be inserted. The pins tilt a lever m to switch current off from the motor, and are inserted in selected holes according to the length of the matter to be announced. The control clock U has a series of contacts U<1>, the making of any of which completes the circuit through a double switch R to the motor M<1> whereby the gramophone is driven for the period determined by the disc St. A relay V is introduced to prevent more than one announcement being made should this be completed before the clock contact U<1> is broken. Automatic means for transferring the sound arm 38 to the beginning of the record consists of a wedge 42, Fig. 4, pivoted about and slidable along a rod 44. The armature 45 of an electromagnet 33 slidably mounted on two rods 50 bears under the supporting arm of the wedge 42 and carries at its lower end a half-nut 47 for engaging a screwed spindle 48 rotated by a motor M<2>. When the sound arm comes to the end of the record a pin, adjustably fixed on the disc St, trips a lever 18 and makes contact which completes the circuits through the magnet 33 and the motor M<2>. This causes simultaneous raising of the wedge 42 with the sound box located over it, engagement of the nut 47 with the screw 48, and rotation of the screw. The magnet 33, wedge 42, and sound arm travel together sidewise till an adjustable abutment pushes the arm off the wedge to drop on the record again. The magnet and wedge travel further till they press a contact 27, 28 which de-energizes the magnet 33, and motor M<2>, thus stopping the rotation of the screw 48 and allowing the wedge 42 and nut 47 to fall and the magnet to be returned to its initial position by a spring 51.
Patent GB-1248761-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to spark source mass spectrometry
Inventor: POWERS PATRICK
IPC: H05B41/40
Filed: 1968-04-08
Abstract: 1,248,761. Ion sources; mass spectrometers. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 8 April, 1969 [8 April, 1968], No. 16742/68. Heading H1D. [Also in Division G3] In a method of mass spectrometry which comprises vibrating at least one of two electrodes in the ion source of a spark source mass spectrometer, e.g. as described in Specification 1,161,431 (Division H1), and in which an ion-producing discharge current is caused to flow across a gap between the two electrodes such that the mean value of the size of the gap is varied over an optimum range by adjusting the relative mean positioning of the electrodes, there is derived from the discharge current a smooth electrical signal representative of the mean value of the discharge current, from which is determined an optimum adjustment of the electrode positioning to provide a gap size within the optimum range. The discharge current is detected by a ferrite ring and sensing coil arrangement and the induced voltage signal is applied to a half-wave rectification and smoothing circuit, Fig. 4 (not shown), the resulting smoothed output voltage V varies as the electrode gap is varied and peaks at the optimum gap size. This voltage, or a fraction of it, may be displayed on a voltmeter, for example, to guide the operator of a remote manual control, which may superimpose a direct voltage bias on the coil controlling the vibrating electrode. Thus the electrode gap, which varies with time due to electrode erosion, may be adjustably maintained within the optimum range. Alternatively, the gap size may be automatically controlled by a circuit arrangement (see Division G3) which detects variations of the voltage V from the maximum and produces a suitable bias signal for applying to the coil of the vibrating electrode. Preferably in this arrangement the bias signal is caused to vary cyclically so that the mean electrode position sweeps repeatedly across a range within the optimum gap range. The sweep time may be of the order of 20 sees. for a complete cycle. Details of both a manual and an automatic method of starting an analysis, in which an optimum range sweep is used and which ensures that the initial direction of sweep brings the mean gap size within the optimum range, is also given.
Patent GB-312931-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in detachable cuffs for shirts and like garments
IPC: A41B7/10
Filed: 1929-05-31
Abstract: 312,931. Danon, H. June 2, 1926, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Shirt cuffs.-A cuff is made of a piece of fabric long enough to be folded into three layers k, f, l of substantially the same size. Buttonholes B, A are provided for the cuff links, and holes 1 - - 6 for attachment to the shirt sleeve. Various surfaces may be exposed to wear by changing the position of the overlapping layers and by inverting the whole cuff.