baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-747260-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of esters
IPC: C07C63/14
Filed: 1953-04-30
Abstract: A process for the production of esters by heating a mixture of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol comprises using as catalysts water-soluble salts of metals which are capable of forming amphoteric hydrated oxides in combination with alkaline substances.  In a modification of the process an anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid may be reacted with an alcohol.  Water-soluble salts of metals capable of forming amphoteric hydrated oxides mentioned include aluminium sulphate, chloride, perchlorate and nitrate and the corresponding zinc, lead manganese, tin and antimony salts.  Alkaline substances mentioned include hydroxides of metals of the first two groups of the periodic system such as sodium, potassium and calcium hydroxides as well as the corresponding oxides, ammonium hydroxide and organic bases.  The water-soluble metal salt and the alkaline substance, either or both if desired in aqueous or other solution, may be added, separately or after mixing or reacting together, to the mixture of organic acid and alcohol.  Water is preferably removed from the reaction mixture by azeotropic distillation.  The products may be purified by alkaline washing and/or aftertreatment with adsorbents. In examples: di - (2 - ethylhexyl) phthalate is obtained by heating to reflux a mixture of phthalic anhydride, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, caustic soda, aluminium sulphate and water and removing water formed by azeotropic distillation (1-3); in similar processes zinc sulphate (4) instead of aluminium sulphate and barium hydroxide (5) instead of caustic soda are employed; 2-ethylhexyl alcohol is esterified with stearic acid (6); maleic anhydride (7); and sebacic acid (8) in processes similar to example (1).  Specification 733,870 is referred to.
Patent GB-332280-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to heat exchanging apparatus
IPC: F28F1/10
Filed: 1929-04-17
Abstract: 332,280. Kochs & Co., Ltd., W. E., (F÷ge, H.). April 17, 1929. Heating air and gases.-Air or gas heaters a are built up in sections, preferably halves united by contact flanges b to form tubes, in which internal ribs c are provided extending to the medial plane of the pipe. External ribs e lie at right angles to the internal ribs c. In Fig. 8 the free edges d of the ribs are displaced with regard to those of other halves. The tubes may be pearshaped or parallel sided in cross-section.
Patent GB-1256326-A (GB)
Title: Control means for flap valves
IPC: F16K1/20
Filed: 1970-03-12
Abstract: 1,256,326. Valves. A. HUSBY, H. HUSBY, and N. H. HUSBY, [trading as ANTON HUSBY & SONNER]. 12 March, 1970 [15 March, 1969], No. 11990/70. Heading F2V. [Also in Division F1] A piston 6 has a rod 7 arranged to control valve flap 1, and a rod 9 which engages either a wedge surface 18 or a bore 13 in a second piston 12, to permit rod 9 to either lock or free the flap. Piston 12 is movable against the action of a spring 14 by either a handle 19 or pressure fluid admitted at 15, and piston 6 is moved against the action of spring 16 by pressure fluid admitted at 17. In a modification (not shown) rod 7 locks the flap in its open position.
Patent GB-1116889-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to optical switches for laser systems
Inventor: KNAPP CHRISTOPHER FRANCIS
IPC: H01S3/11
Filed: 1967-03-14
Abstract: 1,116,889. Lasers. HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO. 14 March, 1967 [18 March, 1966], No. 12018/67. Heading H1C. A Q-switched laser uses both an active and a passive Q-switching device. In Fig. 2, the laser cavity is defined by partially transmissive mirror 28 and the roof-like end 21 of the laser active element 20. The other end 22 of the laser element is cut at the Brewster angle and light emitted therefrom is directed through a rotating Brewster angle prism 24. When the prism is correctly positioned the light falls on bleachable cell 27 to be transmitted to reflector 28. In a modification, Fig. 1 (not shown), the laser rod has plane ends normal to its longitudinal axis and one of the cavity reflectors is formed by a Porro prism which is rotated to act as the active Q-switch.
Patent GB-1489560-A (GB)
Title: Piston or rotor for internal combustion engine
IPC: F02B53/00
Filed: 1976-03-25
Abstract: 1489560 Pistons CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO 25 March 1976 [15 May 1975] 12038/76 Heading F2T [Also in Division F1] A reciprocating piston for an I.C. engine has, on its surface exposed to combustion gases, a plurality of pockets closed by a plurality of covers each pocket having insulation means to reduce heat loss through the surface. The insulation means may be a vacuum or an insulating material.
Patent GB-517315-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for warming pies, beverages and the like
IPC: A47J39/00
Filed: 1938-04-22
Abstract: 517,315. Heating pies &c. REYNOLDS, I. L. April 22, 1938, No. 12054. [Class 126] A portable oven for keeping pies hot or for warming them comprises a substantially rectangular box with double lagged walls and two doors 8 at the top for the introduction of the pies. Ducts for entry and exit of air are provided.
Patent GB-740388-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of cyclo-hexa-1, 4-diene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid
Inventor: SMITH PETER
Filed: 1953-05-01
Abstract: Cyclohexa - 1,4 - diene - 1,4 - dicarboxylic acid is made by contacting cyclohexane-2.5-diol-1,4-dicarboxylic acid or an acid ester or diester thereof with a hydroxide or an alkoxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal at 100-150 DEG  C. and neutralizing the product.  Sodium hydroxide is preferably employed in aqueous solution of 1N-5N concentration.  Calcium, strontium, and barium hydroxides, and alkoxides of 1-4 carbon atoms are referred to. Solvents specified are water and alcohols of 1-4 carbon atoms.  In examples, dimethyl cyclohexane-2,5-diol-1,4-dicarboxylate is (1) heated with aqueous caustic soda, and (2) sodium methoxide in methanol.
Patent GB-459763-A (GB)
Title: An improved extraction process for vegetable oils
IPC: C11B1/10
Filed: 1936-04-28
Abstract: In a process for extracting fats and fatty oils from vegetable seeds or kernels, the seeds are comminuted in the presence of a solvent or solvent vapour and simultaneously or subsequently the fat is extracted therefrom.  Seeds such as linseed or rape seed are fed through a hopper to grinding mills or grooved rollers submerged in the solvent.  The ground material is then fed into a horizontal chamber containing solvent through which it passes by a screw conveyer into a second comminuting stage, and then to a second extracting chamber.  The mass may be pressed between the stages by passing between smooth rollers to express the oil and solvent therefrom.  Suitable solvents are benzine and carbon tetrachloride. The extract is then distilled with steam to recover the oil.
Patent GB-182609-A (GB)
Title: An improved process of reducing aluminium oxide
IPC: C22B21/02
Filed: 1921-04-27
Abstract: 182,609. Burgess, L. April 27, 1921. Dry processes of extracting aluminium; agglomerating-processes.-Alumina, which may be in the form of bauxite or other crude material, is reduced by subjecting the finely-divided material encased in a carbonaceous matrix to an electric arc. According to the purity of the material treated, and the proportion of carbon used, the product may be aluminium carbide, or aluminium, or either of these mixed with other carbides or metals. The binding material to produce the carbonaceous matrix may be pitch, oxidized asphalt, starch, sugar, soft coal, &c., with or without the addition of free carbon, the alumina being mixed therewith and coked, and the coked product with the alumina disseminated in it being crushed before reduction. The electric furnace used may comprise a horizontal electrode 5 and a vertically adjustable electrode 7, the charge being of such quantity as to enclose the arc entirely. In other furnaces, a carbon bottom may constitute the lower electrode, and a furnace for polyphase current with three upper electrodes may be similarly equipped.
Patent GB-108906-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Ashpans and Ashguards for Domestic Fire Places.
Inventor: FEARNHEAD JAMES HENRY
IPC: F24B1/191
Filed: 1916-08-30
Abstract: 108,906. Fearnhead, J. H. Ang 30. 1916. Ash-pans and ash-guards.-The body is constructed of fire-clay or other fire-proof material capable of being run into moulds and flanged at its upper edge, and decorative tiles bare secured to the front and ends by cement. The base may be moulded as shown in dotted lines. Plugs j or pads of wood &c. may be inserted in holes in the bottom edge. An inwardlyprojecting flange g, or projections or recesses on the inner face, enable the article to be lifted.
Patent GB-554228-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in multiple-contact electric switches
IPC: H01H19/635
Filed: 1941-09-24
Abstract: 554,228. Mechanical switches; snap-action switches. PHILLIPS & POWIS AIRCRAFT, Ltd., and DEACON, A. Sept. 24, 1941, No. 12384. [Class 38 (v)] A series of pivoted contact arms 4B ... 8B are simultaneously operated by a bar 10, which may have a snap-action handle 15. Each contact arm may be detached from the bar, by removing its pin 22, and swung round away from its associated contact so as to isolate the particular circuit. The arm may be secured in its new position by means of the pin, as shown at 25. If desired, the circuit may be permanently closed by securing the arm to its contact by means of the pin 22 as shown in the case of arm 7B. A cover fitted over the switch may leave such a small clearance that pins cannot be accidentally disengaged.
Patent GB-599705-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for automatically sending a telephone warning to a police station, or other station
IPC: H04M1/57
Filed: 1945-05-17
Abstract: 599,705. Substation circuits. SVOEKHOTOFF, A. May 17, 1945, No. 12418. Convention date, July 24, 1944. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, Oct. 22, 1945.] [Class 40 (iv)] In substation apparatus for automatically sending a telephonic warning to a police station or the like, of the type in which a connection is automatically established to the wanted station in known manner by a clockwork driven impulse transmitter set in motion by pressing a release button, a number of impulses of intermittent direct current impulses are transmitted characteristic of the calling station to enable the called party to identify the caller. As shown, the source of intermittent D.C. comprises a battery 44, and a clockwork-driven toothed wheel 47 having a contact breaker 49. A second wheel 42, which is also driven by the clockwork, has its teeth arranged to form the code of impulses characterizing the calling party and a hammer t riding over these teeth operates contacts 43 and connects the intermittent D.C. to the primary winding of transformer 46, the secondary of which is connected to the telephone line, so that a series of audible impulses is transmitted to the called party. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 includes modifications in which audible identification signals are produced by tapping the microphone with a hammer, and by bell signals. Apparatus is also described for rotating the dial of a telephone set by clockwork means to dial the wanted party. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-1425621-A (GB)
Title: Pesticides
IPC: A01N47/24
Filed: 1973-03-15
Abstract: 1425621 Fungicidal application of cyano substituted acetamide derivatives EI DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO 15 March 1973 [15 March 1972 7 Feb 1973] 12458/73 Heading A5E A composition for combating fungus disease in plants comprises an inert diluent and a compound of the general formula: wherein R is hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 13 carbon atoms; alkyl of 1 to 13 carbon atoms substituted with alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, acyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms. acyloxy of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or cyano: acyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; aralkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms; or a non-phytotoxtic metal; R, is alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or -NR2R3; R2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or R3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms with the proviso that R3 is H when R2 is alkoxycarbonyl or formula III shown above R4 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R5 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X is oxygen or sulfur; with the proviso that when R<2> is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxycarbonyl, said composition is not a simple solution of said compound in water or an organic solvent. Typical compounds used are 2-cyano-2-hydroxyiminoacetamide, 2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetamide, N- carbamoyl-2-cyano-2-methoxyacetamide, 2-acetoxyimino-2-cyano-N-methyl acetamide, and N- (methyl - carbamoyl) -2-cyano-2-methoxyimino acetamide. Optional composition ingredients are surfactants, film forming polymers, humectants, non-phytotoxic oils, insecticides, miticides, bactericides, nematicides, fruit-set agents, fruit thinning compounds, fertilizers and other fungicides (especially benomyl, maneb, captafol, metiram, chlorothalonil, daconil and zineb).
Patent GB-811339-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to facsimile apparatus
Inventor: MASON FREDERICK PERCIVAL
IPC: H04N1/08
Filed: 1956-04-24
Abstract: 811,339. Copying-telegraphy. CREED & CO. Ltd. April 18, 1957 [April 24, 1956], No. 12461/56. Class 40 (3). In facsimile apparatus, a message sheet is gripped solely by one edge and is moved past a scanning point in such manner as to produce facsimile signals for transmission or to cause recording to be effected in accordance with received facsimile signals. As shown, one edge of the sheet 9 is gripped between the closed outer ends of resilient leaves 5 pivotally mounted on a spindle 6 carried by supports 7 operatively held by springs 18 against shoulders 19 on the end surfaces of a drum 1 at the inner ends of a radial slot 3 extending over the length of the drum. A shield 10, which may be transparent and surrounds the drum, has an opening 11 opposite the axial gap of the drum in its rest position and an opening 12 adjacent the scanning device 17 which is traversed axially of the drum. Spring-pressed rods 14 movable with the device 17 hold the sheet 9 close to the drum in the vicinity of the scanning point. The supports 7 are withdrawn from the slots 3 to release the sheet by a pivoted frame having arms 20 located so that operating surfaces 21 are adjacent and below the extensions 6<SP>1</SP> of the spindle 6 when the drum 1 is in the rest position.
Patent GB-1018912-A (GB)
Title: Slide mechanism for curtains
IPC: A47H13/12
Filed: 1964-03-24
Abstract: 1,018,912. Suspending curtains. H. BEER and E. WEBER-HORISBERGER, [trading as AWEPA]. March 24, 1964 [March 28, 1963], No. 12466/64. Heading A4B. A curtain runner G which is slidable in a longitudinal slot 8 in a support rail 7 comprises a curtain suspension arm 1 and a rail engaging head 6 connected with the arm 1 by a neck 5 which is operationally engaged in the slot 8, the runner G being shaped such that the maximum thickness of the head 6 and neck 5 in the direction of sliding is less than the width of the slot 8 whereby the head 6 may be releasably engaged in the rail 7 by being passed through the slot 8 when the runner G is orientated at 90 degrees about the neck axis A to an operational position. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the laterally projecting head 6 is provided with opposed flat surfaces 9 spaced apart at a spring which is less than the width of the slot 8. The arm 1 carries an integral hook 3 engaging curtains 10. An alternative runner G1 (Fig. 4, not shown) is provided in its unhooked arm 11 with openings 13 to receive curtain attachment stitches. Alternatively the arm 11 may be provided with a part of a stud and socket connection for securing the curtains. In another embodiment (Fig. 5, not shown), a runner G2 is supported in a rail 24 having a slot 25 on its underside, the head 27 having sliding edges 26 bearing on the rail 24 and the neck 22 comprising a cylindrical lower portion 28<SP>1</SP> and a square section upper portion 28, the latter 28 serving to prevent rotation about the neck axis B by engaging the slot edges 29. In a further embodiment (Fig. 9, not shown) the runner G4 is provided with two heads 47, 42 for selection use in side or bottom slotted rails. The upper of two heads may be mushroom shaped (Fig. 7, not shown) to be fitted to an open ended rail.
Patent GB-405299-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to can making machines
IPC: B21D51/26
Filed: 1932-05-02
Abstract: 405,299. Making cans. ARMSTRONG, J. J. V., 12, Church Street, Liverpool.- (Continental Can Co., Inc. ; 100, East 42nd Street, New York, U.S.A.) May 2, 1932, No. 12525. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv).] Angular bending; formers; seaming.-Can bodies are manufactured in a substantially flat condition, and are especially suitable for transportation in the flat state to be subsequently expanded to cylindrical or other form. A machine preferably comprises a flat horn about which the bodies are formed. Flat blanks 2 are fed to the horn 1 by fingers 3<1> on reciprocating bars 3, connected to a slide 4a actuated by an eccentric 33 through links 29a, 29, 31, 32. An extension 69 of the slide 4a carries similar fingers for ejecting formed blanks. The horn 1 is carried on a slide 10 movable upwardly by an arm 57 actuated by a cam and follower 61, 60, to force the horn and blank positioned thereon against a central clamping bar 8. The bending members comprise a yoke 35 which shapes the blank to the upper face of the horn and clamps it thereon, and plates 110 with bending edges 111 pivotally mounted on arms 40, 40<1> the plates being inwardly spring-pressed to a position limited by a stop, so that they follow the form of the horn. Eccentrics 47, 47<1> actuate rods 46, 46<1> and levers 43, 43<1> first to move the yoke 35 downwardly by means of links 120, 118, 115, and then to actuate the members 110, through links 45, 451. The previously notched and flanged edges 85, 86 are then secured by expansion of the horn and the action of a bumper. The horn 1, Figs. 9 and 12 carries a bar 76 normally retained in the inner position by a spring 80, but movable outwardly for expansion by a cam bar 90 bearing on rollers 94, 95. The seam is finally secured by a bumper 25 actuated by an eccentric 27, a recess in an insert 71 receiving the metal of the seam. Specification 297,864, [Class 83 (ii), Metal articles &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-811129-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to devices for measuring the liquid contents of containers
IPC: G01F23/66
Filed: 1956-04-24
Abstract: 811,129. Magnetic couplings. FLIGHT REFUELLING Ltd., and JONES, E. C. March 28, 1957 [April 24, 1956], No. 12553/56. Class 35. [Also in Group XVIII] In a device for measuring the level of liquid in a container 10 an annular float 47 is mounted slidably on a non-ferrous metal tube 15 projecting vertically upwards within the container and an annular permanent magnet 49 carried by the float forms one member of a magnetic coupling having diametrically opposed N and S poles; the other member 22 of the magnetic coupling is carried by a slider 19 to which is attached a tubular measuring rod 29, the slider being slidably disposed within the tube 15. When not in use, the measuring rod 29, together with the slider 19, is pushed up into the tube 15 (see Fig. 4) and held in this position by means of a spring 43 which engages a groove 46 in a disc 32 carried by the measuring rod 29. The end 44 of the spring 43 is bent down and formed into a handle and, when the spring 43 is pulled clear of the groove 46, the rod 29, together with the slider 19, is free to fall until the magnetic coupling member 22 reaches a position within the other member 49 of the magnetic coupling, the level of liquid being indicated by markings 55 on the rod 29. The tube 15 is fitted within a hollow boss 13 of a disc 12 which is bolted to the container 10, the interior of the tube being sealed from the inside of the container by means of a cap 17 and packing rings 16, 18. Mounted in the lower part of the tube 15 around the measuring rod 29 is a cylindrical shell 35 provided with washers 38, 39 respectively engaging the tube and the rod, the shell being urged downwardly by a tapered-coil spring 41 which is compressed when the rod is held by the spring 43 in the unused position. The float 47 and the slider 19 are provided respectively with ball bearings 52, 52 and 26, 26, and a very small clearance is provided between the magnetic coupling member 22 and the tube 15 so that, when the measuring rod 29 and the slider are free to fall, the resistance caused by this small clearance to the passage of air from one side of the slider to the other controls the rate of downward movement. In modifications, the tube may extend into the container from the container upper wall, or the measuring rod may be mounted externally of the container against a side wall thereof.
Patent GB-514258-A (GB)
Title: A wire-mesh fabric guard
IPC: E06B9/06
Filed: 1938-04-28
Abstract: 514,258. Wire fabrics for window-guards. SILCOCK, H. A. F., and SILCOCK, N. E. R. April 28, 1938, No. 12652. [Class 45] [Also in Group X] A wire mesh fabric for a window or other guard comprises zig-zag wires 2 with their apices interlooped and having straight reinforcing wires 3, 4 threaded through the interengaged loops to form hinge pins, alternate wires 4 having eyelets 4a at their ends for the passage of a pull-up cord 10 connected to the bottom of the guard. The ends of the remaining reinforcing wires 3 are cranked to provide arms 3a lying along the edge of the guard, and are interlooped as at 3b. The ends of the pull-up cord 10 are attached to a bottom bar 9 and passed over pulleys 11 at either end of an upper support 5 to hang dn a loop across the guard. Alternatively, a double pulley may be provided at the centre of the support 5 to maintain the operating loop of the cord central, or a double pulley placed at one end of the support so that the operating loop hangs to one side.
Patent GB-476725-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle suspension systems
IPC: B60G11/36
Filed: 1936-07-21
Abstract: 476,725. Vehicle spring - suspensions. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION. July 21, 1936, No. 12665 /37. Convention date, Aug. 22, 1935. Divided out of 477,056. Drawings to Specification. [Class 108 (ii)] In a vehicle front-wheel suspension of the longitudinal arm type wherein the pivot axis of the wheel-supporting lever arm is disposed towards the other end of the vehicle relatively to the wheel, the said arm, in the normal load position, slopes downwardly from the wheel axis to its pivot axis whereby the moment of the brake reaction on the wheel, at the point of contact between the wheel and the ground and tending to turn the lever arm about its pivot axis, is reduced. In the case of the front steering wheels the pivot axis is mounted on a spring-carrying casing pivotable about a king pin fixed on the vehicle chassis. The construction is described in Specification 477,056 but the claims are different.
Patent GB-383551-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to washers for use with nuts, bolts, screws and the like
IPC: F16B39/26
Filed: 1932-05-03
Abstract: 383,551. Washers. BLOIS, F., 9, Rue Charlot, Paris. May 3, 1932, No. 12736. Convention date, May 9, 1931. [Class 89 (i).] A washer 2 having an annular projection 6 which is formed with an undercut recess 6a, is secured to the nut 1 by axial pressure, the projection 4 on the nut entering the recess on the washer.
Patent GB-107869-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Belt-gearing.
Inventor: BROOKMAN RICHARD SAMUEL
IPC: F16H7/02
Filed: 1916-09-08
Abstract: 107,869. Brookman, R. S. Sept. 8, 1916. Drilling-machines.-Variable-speed gear comprising a belt engaging stepped pulleys on two non- parallel shafts and passing over two guide pulleys G is applied to a multiple-spindle drilling-machine. The driving-shaft is vertically below and in the same plane as the row of spindles and each belt ascends between two standards and bends sideways over the guide pulleys on to the driven pulley.