Patent GB-190828252-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Calculating Machines.
Inventor: MASTAGLIO MAX
Filed: 1908-12-28
Granted: 1910-03-29
Abstract: 28,252. Mastaglio, M. Dec. 28. Calculating-apparatus.-In a machine adapted to deal with calculations according to the four rules, actuation of the various parts is performed by the keys and levers which set the factors, the various controlling-levers effecting merely engagement or disengagement of certain sections of the machine. For each factor there is but a single bank of keys, which are coupled in turn to receiving &c. wheels of different denominations by the intermittent rotation of certain denomination-selecting shafts carrying helically arranged cam-parts which effect the coupling of pairs of gear wheels by means of broad pinions, thus dispensing with a traversing carriage. For this and similar purposes, movements common to all the keys of a bank are derived from universal members operated towards the end of the downward movement of a keylever. There is a complete addition train with item-indicating, totalizing, and printing- wheels which may print either items or totals ; in multiplication this train is employed to make the differential selection for the various denominations which determines the action of the multiplying cylinder. The printing operation may be performed at any time by means of an external handle. The first factor, or an item of an addition sum, is set by successive depressions of keylevers a, Figs. 1 and 29, which rotate differentially a cylinder 3, Fig. 5, having slots of different lengths for engagement with links 5 connected to the levers. A spring-controlled universal bar resets the keys. Downward movement only of the keys is communicated by a bevel segment and pinion 15, 17 and a one-way clutch 19, 20, 21 to a pinion 22, forming part of a three-bevel reversing gear controlled by the subtraction lever c<1>, and thus to the main adding shaft 29. There is a wheel 30 upon this shaft for each denomination, and by broad pinions 34 any one of these may be coupled to the adjacent wheel 31 with its transmission wheel 33, the coupling-pinions being upon sliding holders operated by helically.arranged cams 39 upon a shaft 38 which, for the purpose of selecting the denomination, is rotated step-by-step at successive movements of the universal bar in a direction determined by the subtraction lever. Integral with each of these pairs of wheels is a zeroizing wheel 32, which, when the coupling-wheels are displaced longitudinally, moves with the wheel 30 and thus upon rotation of the main adding shaft the transmission wheels, and with them the corresponding item-indicating wheels 62, Fig. 6, and printing-wheels 76, are rotated to a point determined by a gap in the wheels 32. Between the item wheels 62 are punctuation disks 64 having a helically-arranged series of commas, adjustable to set the decimal point by means of a bar mounted in a groove of the shaft 61 which also serves, upon operation by the handle 271, to zeroize the item wheels when out of gear with the transmission wheels, lugs 67 within the wheels engaging the bar upon longitudinal displacement for this purpose. Totalizing- wheels 70, 71 also engage the transmission wheels and may be similarly zeroized, the decimal point marks being helicallyarranged upon a separate shaft 255. Both the addition and subtraction levers c and c' disengage the printing pinions from the multiplication transmission gear. The item-printing wheels 76, 78 also engage with the transmission wheels, and are mounted upon disks 75 bearing comma types. As the actuation proceeds from one denomination to another the disks 77, Fig. 22, attached to each printing wheel are rotated to remove their gaps 77<a> from the path of helically-arranged pins upon the shaft 80 which, together with the hammer-tripping-pin shaft 85, is subsequently rotated by the printing handle e, Fig. 29, upon the shaft 81. The pin 100 of the highest denomination upon which there has been registration is arrested by the displaced disk, whereupon the shaft 85 is displaced to the left so that during the remainder of its rotation the tripping pins 97 may be in line with the hammer tails 98. The totals may also be printed by zeroizing the totalizer while connected to the printing wheels. Transfer is effected upon the totalizer by engagement of a transfer tooth 72, Fig. 24, with compound pinions 285 gearing also with the transmission wheel of the next higher totalizer wheel, and detent projections 291 upon spring-actuated levers control the movement. The compound pinions are each mounted upon pivoted bell-crank levers 284, 288, and are successively brought into gear by the rotation of a shaft 295, carrying helically-arranged disks with pin-wheels, and driven by the universal bar. The actual transfer movement is communicated to the higher wheel by the restoration to normal position of any displaced compound pinions by teeth upon the disks 294, which are driven by the shaft 287 through pin-and-slot connexions so as to allow for addition and subtraction ; the printing and item-indicating wheels are out of engagement during the transfer movement. In multiplication, the setting of the first factor produces the following further movements. The printing-wheel pinions 78 engage with wheels 221, Fig. 7, and these with wheels 217 engaging each with a pinion 220 mounted on arms 218 helically arranged on the shaft 188, Fig. 8. These pinions also engage long barrel pinions 202 adapted to drive, through intermediate gear, screwthreaded sleeves 195 upon spindles 194 when the disks 205, 206 are rocked to complete the connexion, and upon the sleeves are nuts whereby the multiplication transmission-pinions 199 may be positioned in engagement with the proper multiplication driving-wheels 187, in order that the introduction of the first factor may select, for each denomination, one of the nine driving - wheels, the various denominations being distinguished by a step-by-step movement of the shaft 188 whereby pinions 199 of successively higher orders may be set. The second factor is introduced by successive operations of the levers b, five of which have bosses mounted loosely upon the sleeves 104 loose upon the shaft 103, and five are mounted upon an outer sleeve 107, the levers themselves engaging slots of differing lengths in setting cylinders 106, 109 which determine the rotation, in reverse directions respectively, of multiplying - cylinders 135 136 carrying segmental rows of teeth of varying extent and so intergeared that the two cylinders always rotate in opposite directions a third setting-cylinder 110 is also variably engaged by the levers b in order to deal with transfers. The spring-controlled casing 113, which acts as a universal bar and returns both the levers and the setting cylinders, is provided with a full-stroke rack. The setting movements are thus diminished by setting the complements of some digits and subsequently restoring the wheels to normal by continued rotation in the same direction. The multiplying-cylinders actuate compound pinions 171, 172, Fig. 2, mounted upon pivoted arms 169 which, at the end of the downward movement of a lever b, are moved to disengage the wheels 171 from the cylinders and to engage the wheels 172 with a series of wheels 164 fast upon the shaft 159 and carrying loose upon their bosses wheels 166 which gear both with the companion-pinions 171 and with the multiplication driving-wheels 187. During the upward movement of a setting lever the shaft 159 is rotated, and the engaged wheels are restored to normal position as defined by gaps in the wheels 172, thereby effecting, through the wheels 187 and 221, a differential actuation of the totalling and printing wheels. Transfers involved by the multiplication are effected through the third setting-cylinder 110 upon the downward movement of a setting- lever by the differential rotation of a cylinder 397 having teeth arranged according to the transfers for various factors, the selected movement being communicated to the multiplication driving-wheels 187 before the units of the product from the other multiplying cylinders are communicated, and the shaft 188 being turned step by step during the process to distribute the result to correct denominations. The transfercylinder 397 is also employed to indicate the second factor by means of a wheel 223 secured thereto, whereby movement is conveyed to the shaft 229, upon which, also, are a number of gear wheels which are successively coupled to the proper indicating wheels 241, positioned by detents 243 adapted to engage two adjacent faces of polygonal detent wheels. Previous to the setting of the first factor the lever c<2> is operated to disengage the totalizing- mechanism, and after the setting it is further operated to disengage the item-indicating mechanism and to engage the multiplication transmission-pinions 199 with their driving-wheels 187 ; the second factor is then set. Subsequently the totalizer transfer-mechanism is operated to deal with transfers due to the summation of the partial products. In division, the dividend is set upon the totalizer, and upon the item-indicating wheels is set the divisor, which is repeatedly subtracted from the dividend by drawing down the lever d until an increased number is shown upon the totalizer, when it is returned to zero with addition of the divisor once and rotation of the shaft 188 to bring the next denomination into action. In a modified form, the transfers resulting from multiplication are accounted for upon the multiplying cylinders themselves. The printing hammers may be operated by levers which are moved by a yoke, the levers of higher orders for which no impression is required being previously displaced from the path of the yoke.