Patent GB-889005-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron lenses
Inventor: BLACKLER FRANCIS GEOFFREY
IPC: H01J29/62
Filed: 1959-11-25
Abstract: 889,005. Cathode-ray tubes. MULLARD Ltd. Aug. 22, 1960 [Nov. 25, 1959], No. 40011/59. Class 39(1) A wide aperture quadripole electrostatic lens is formed by two tubular coaxial electrodes, the inner one 15, Fig. 5 having a pair of windows 17 each subtending an angle of more than 90 degrees, e.g. 95-100 degrees, at the axis and having projections 19 into the window areas and/or auxiliary openings 20 in the regions between the windows in order to obtain a more accurate approximation to an ideal hyperbolic field over a wider area. The effect of the projections 19<SP>1</SP> is shown in Fig. 7 and the effect of the auxiliary openings 20<SP>1</SP> in Fig. 8. The outer electrode 10 may consist of separate elements, but must cover the window areas and the auxiliary openings if present. The electrode system of Fig. 5 includes a preliminary quadripole lens with plane rectangular windows 16 which is in quadrature with the corrected lens so that overall convergence of the beam in two orthogonal planes may be obtained. A third lens having the configuration of lens 16 may be placed beyond the lens 17 in order to secure a circular focused spot; otherwise a slightly elongated spot is obtained. Both projections 19 and auxiliarly openings 20 are provided in lens 17 when a circular spot rather than an elongated spot is desired. The outer electrode 10 may be a coating on the inner wall of the tube neck and the inner electrode 15, 22 may be formed from an insulating tube having an inner conductive coating with the openings 16, 17 cut out of the tube wall in order to prevent eddy currents due to deflection coils (not shown) which are located between the front edge of opening 17 and the beginning of the cone 24 of the envelope. Alternatively in the system shown, eddy currents may be reduced by forming narrow longitudinal slits in the front parts of elements 10, 15 and 22, these slits extending to the front edge of element 22. Instead of using scanning coils the scanning potentials may be applied between two halves of the inner and outer electrodes 15, 20. A D.C. voltage may be applied for beam centring purposes. The electrode system may be rectangular or polygonal in cross-section instead of circular. The projections 19 and the auxiliary openings 20 may be in the form of bars and slits extending the full axial length of the windows. Two or more bars and slits may be provided when it is desired to correct higher order aberrations e.g. 8-, 12-, 16- and 24- pole aberrations. Short length projections and auxiliary openings may be provided as well. The preliminary lens 16 of Fig. 5 may also be of corrected form. The lenses may be used for introducing aberrations to correct aberrations introduced elsewhere. The system shown forms part of a cathoderay display tube, where the inner electrode 15 forms part of the anode 4, 5 of the gun and 3 is a " spark trap" electrode at cathode potential for protecting the cathode from a current surge in the event of voltage breakdown, and detailed dimensions and voltages are given. The invention also has application to electron microscopes. Specification 886,412 is referred to.