baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-I387276-B (TW)
Title: Method and system of wireless communications
Inventor: SUNDBERG KRISTER
IPC: H04L29/02
Filed: 2006-04-04
Granted: 2013-02-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to wireless communications. More especially it relates to wireless packet data communications. Particularly it relates to latency reduction by distinguishing connection initiation of circuit switched and packet switched connections, respectively.
Patent TW-I268222-B (TW)
Title: Fluid injection apparatus and fabrication thereof
Inventor: CHUANG WEN-PIN
IPC: G03F7/20
Filed: 2006-04-11
Granted: 2006-12-11
Abstract: A method for fabricating a fluid injection apparatus is disclosed. A first type photo sensitive polymer layer is formed on a substrate. The first type photo sensitive polymer layer is exposed by a light with a first wavelength range using a mask comprising fluid chamber pattern. A second type photo sensitive polymer layer is formed on the exposed first type photo sensitive polymer layer. The second type photo sensitive polymer layer is exposed by a light with a second wavelength range using a mask comprising nozzle pattern, wherein the first wavelength range does not interfere with the second wavelength range. The first type photo sensitive polymer layer and the second type photo sensitive polymer layer are developed to form a fluid chamber and a nozzle in the second type photo sensitive polymer layer simultaneously.
Patent TW-I277759-B (TW)
Title: In-line electron beam test system
Inventor: ABBOUD FAYEZ E
IPC: G02F1/13
Filed: 2006-04-11
Granted: 2007-04-01
Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing a plurality of electronic devices formed on a large area substrate is described. In one embodiment, the apparatus performs a test on the substrate in one linear axis in at least one chamber that is slightly wider than a dimension of the substrate to be tested. Clean room space and process time is minimized due to the smaller dimensions and volume of the system.
Patent TW-I289053-B (TW)
Title: Pressing-typed grasping mechanism of dental high speed hand-held machine
Inventor: LAI CHUEN-LIN
IPC: A61C1/02
Filed: 2006-05-24
Granted: 2007-11-01
Abstract: Provided is a kind of pressing-typed grasping mechanism of dental high-speed hand-held machine which comprises a hollow rotation axle, a tube-shaped clip set inside the hollow rotation axle and a push button. The push button has two concave grooves installed in the opposite direction, and there are two first protruding columns adjacent to the two concave grooves wherein the two first protruding columns are set on the different sides mutually. The tube-shaped clip has concave grooves and protruding columns which present the configuration of complementary form with such first combination part.
Patent TW-I291669-B (TW)
Title: Method of learning to write Chinese characters
Inventor: CHEN FRED
IPC: G06K11/06
Filed: 2006-08-18
Granted: 2007-12-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of learning to write Chinese characters, comprising: recording the order of writing the strokes of a Chinese character; recognizing the corresponding Chinese character; obtaining the correct order of writing the strokes of the Chinese character; comparing the correct order and the recorded order of the character; and representing the difference between the correct order and the recorded order so as to increase the writing capability of a learner.
Patent TW-I393604-B (TW)
Title: Werkzeugmaschine mit einer absaughaube
Inventor: BEYELER MARKUS JOHANNES ERNESTO
IPC: B23Q11/00
Filed: 2007-06-13
Granted: 2013-04-21
Abstract: The machine tool, particularly wood working machine has a tool (3) rotating in revolving direction (D) for machining by chip removal. A suction hood (1) covers the tool having a partially opened circumferential wall (4), which has a radial distance (A) from the tool. A suction pipe (2) is provided for sucking the chips. A rotating air turbulence is produced in the suction hood in the area of the suction pipe in the opposite direction to the revolving direction of the tool during the machining by chip removal.
Patent TW-I360849-B (TW)
Title: Semiconductor package with delayed bottom mold flo
Inventor: LEE KUO YUAN
IPC: H01L23/28
Filed: 2007-11-06
Granted: 2012-03-21
Abstract: A semiconductor package offers a delayed bottom mold flow in a wire-bonding channel. The package primarily comprises a substrate having the wire-bonding channel, a chip, an opening-contracting component, and a molding compound. The chip is disposed on the substrate and partially covers the wire-bonding channel so that two ends of the wire-bonding channel are exposed to form an inlet and an outlet. The opening-contracting component is connected with the substrate to partially cover the inlet to contract the inlet. The molding compound has a top portion on the substrate and a bottom portion in the wire-bonding channel. Accordingly, the moldflow speeds of forming the top and bottom portions can be balanced. Conventional problems of void in the top portion and mold flash of bottom portion on the bottom of the substrate can be solved.
Patent TW-I410650-B (TW)
Title: Adapter board
Inventor: Chen yue wen
IPC: G01R1/02
Filed: 2007-11-09
Granted: 2013-10-01
Abstract: An adapter board includes a plurality of signal output terminals, a plurality of signal input terminals connected to the signal output terminals respectively, a plurality of jumper connectors, and a spare signal output terminal. The signal output terminals are connected to first ends of the jumper connectors respectively. Second ends of the jumper connectors are all connected to the spare signal output terminal.
Patent TW-I370312-B (TW)
Inventor: KAWAMURA TETSUFUMI
IPC: G02F1/1368
Filed: 2007-11-12
Granted: 2012-08-11
Abstract: A display device for improving an aperture ratio of the pixel is provided. In the display device, a transparent oxide layer, an insulating film, and a conductive layer are sequentially stacked on a pixel region on a substrate, the conductive layer has a gate electrode of a thin film transistor connected to a gate signal line, and a region of the transparent oxide layer other than at least a channel region portion directly below the gate electrode is converted into an electrically conductive region, and a source signal line, a source region portion of the thin film transistor connected to the source signal line, a pixel electrode, and a drain region portion of the thin film transistor connected to the pixel electrode are formed from the conductive region.
Patent TW-I403639-B (TW)
Title: Intake regulating system and device
Inventor: CHEN PAO LAI
IPC: F02D9/02
Filed: 2008-02-22
Granted: 2013-08-01
Abstract: An intake regulating system includes an air intake regulating device and an auxiliary filter, wherein the air intake regulating device is connected between the auxiliary filter and an intake manifold of an engine, wherein the intake regulating device comprises a controllable air passage permitting the ambient air flow into the engine through the auxiliary filter, air intake regulating device, and intake manifold while the engine is accelerating and lowers the air pressure of the intake manifold. The air intake regulating device comprises at least a housing, a separating film, a spring and a valve element, wherein the separating film is connected with the valve element and defines the housing with a first space and a second space. The first space includes an inlet port for connecting to an auxiliary filter, a larger outlet port for connecting to an intake manifold, and a controllable air passage for communicating the inlet port with the larger outlet port. The second space includes a smaller outlet port for connecting to the intake manifold. When the engine is accelerated, caused the air pressure in the intake manifold dropped, the separating film shall be forced to deform and drive the valve element moving to open the controllable air passage that permits the ambient air to be sucked into the engine through the auxiliary filter, air intake regulating device and intake manifold to the combustion of the engine.
Patent TW-I331205-B (TW)
IPC: F28D15/02
Filed: 2008-10-23
Granted: 2010-10-01
Abstract: In a method for juxtaposing and combining a plurality of heat pipes with a fixing base, first, a fixing base (10) having an accommodating trough (12) is provided. The accommodating trough (12) is provided therein with at least one recess (13). Further, a plurality of heat pipes (20) is provided. Adhesive medium (30) is coated on the contacting surface between the heat pipe (20) and the accommodating trough (12). The plurality of heat pipes (20) is pressed into the accommodating trough (12). Finally, the heat pipes (20) juxtaposed in the accommodating trough (12) are pressed coplanarly the surface of the fixing base (10) while a portion of the adhesive medium (30) is received in the recess (13).
Patent TW-I406991-B (TW)
Title: A natural quick-drying yarn, a manufacturing method thereof,a natural quick-drying fabric using the same,and the manufacturing method fo the natural quick-drying fabric
Inventor: HSU CHIH CHANG
IPC: D06B3/04
Filed: 2009-10-01
Granted: 2013-09-01
Abstract: A natural quick-drying yarn and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The natural quick-drying yarn is made of a plurality of natural fibers. Hydrophobic agents are disposed between the natural fibers and on the surface of the natural fibers. Hydrophilic agents are disposed outside the natural fibers. The method includes immersing natural fibers in a solution of hydrophobic agent to dispose the hydrophobic agent between the natural fibers and on the surface of the natural fibers, drying the hydrophobic agent solution immersed natural fibers, immersing the natural fibers in a solution of hydrophilic agent to dispose the hydrophilic agent outside the natural fibers, and drying the hydrophilic agent solution immersed natural fibers.
Patent TW-I409906-B (TW)
Title: Substrate processing apparatus
Inventor: SAKATA MASAKAZU
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2009-11-26
Granted: 2013-09-21
Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing apparatus configured to attain conflicting purposes of high throughput and footprint reduction. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a carrying chamber, and a loadlock chamber and at least two process chambers that are arranged around the carrying chamber. The carrying chamber comprises a substrate carrying unit configured to carry a substrate between the loadlock chamber and the process chambers. The substrate carrying unit comprises a first arm provided with a first finger and a second finger, and leading ends of the first and second fingers extend horizontally in the same direction. Each of the process chambers comprises a first process unit and a second process unit, and the second process unit is disposed at a side of the process chamber distant from the carrying chamber with the first process unit being disposed therebetween.
Patent TW-I403742-B (TW)
Title: Static ir drop analyzing apparatus and method
Inventor: LO CHEN HSING
IPC: G01R31/303
Filed: 2009-12-22
Granted: 2013-08-01
Abstract: A static voltage drop analyzing apparatus applied to a Multi-Threshold Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MTCMOS) transistor is provided. The static voltage drop analyzing apparatus includes a calculating module, a processing module, and a measuring module. The calculating module calculates a voltage drop tolerance according to the voltage drop characteristic of the MTCMOS transistor. The processing module selects a simulation metal layer corresponding to the voltage drop tolerance from a plurality of candidate simulation metal layers, and adds the simulation metal layer into the MTCMOS transistor. The measuring module measures the voltage drop of the simulation metal layer added into the MTCMOS transistor. The measured voltage drop of the simulation layer added into the MTCMOS is substantially the static voltage drop of the MTCMOS transistor.
Patent TW-I415762-B (TW)
Title: Bicycle operating device
Inventor: HIROSE KAZUYUKI
IPC: B62M25/04
Filed: 2010-03-05
Granted: 2013-11-21
Abstract: A bicycle operating device is provided with a first operating unit, a second operating unit and a connecting member. The first operating unit includes a clamp portion for attaching the bicycle operating device to a bicycle and a first operating member. The second operating unit includes a housing and a second operating member. The connecting member includes a first portion detachably coupled to an outwardly facing surface of the clamp portion and a second portion coupled to the second operating unit. The first portion includes a retaining part with an outwardly facing surface that faces an inwardly facing surface of the clamp portion when the connecting member is attached to the clamp portion.
Patent TW-I409020-B (TW)
Title: Data processing equipment and power matching mechanism with methods using same
Inventor: JAI BENCHIAO
IPC: H05K5/02
Filed: 2010-12-23
Granted: 2013-09-11
Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a rack cabinet, a power distribution unit, at least one auxiliary fixing device and at least one modular electronic device. The rack cabinet includes a frame assembly and a receiving part. The power distribution unit is disposed on a frame body of the frame assembly, and includes a plurality of power cords and a plurality of first electric connectors. The power cords are connected with respective first electric connectors. The auxiliary fixing device is used for assisting in positioning a corresponding first electric connector at a specified location of the supporting rod. The modular electronic device includes a second electric connector and swappable to be accommodated within a corresponding compartment of the receiving part. After the modular electronic device is accommodated within the compartment, the second electric connector is connected with the corresponding first electric connector of the power distribution unit in a blind-mating manner.
Patent GB-2467423-B (GB)
Title: Information processing apparatus, information processing method, and recording medium including computer program for a virtual technique
Inventor: OHNO TAKASHI
IPC: G06F21/31
Filed: 2010-01-25
Granted: 2013-11-13
Abstract: An information processing method includes receiving user information from a input unit pre-corresponded to the executer; acquiring the received user information via the corresponded input unit; determining whether the acquired user information matches the user information of the pre-corresponded user; starting a standard operation when the acquired user information is determined to match the user information of the pre-corresponded user; requesting the controller to identify another executer corresponded to the acquired user information when the acquired user information is determined to fail to match the user information of the pre-corresponded user; identifying the other executer corresponded to the user information when the executer requests the other executer corresponded to the user to be identified; and switching between the input unit corresponded to the executer having requested the other executer to be identified and the input unit corresponded to the other executer when the other executer is identified.
Patent GB-2496179-B (GB)
Title: Reducing signaling Overhead in Wireless Communications Networks
Inventor: HIETALAHTI HANNU
IPC: H04W4/70
Filed: 2011-11-04
Granted: 2014-01-22
Abstract: Systems and apparatus for managing signaling between a network and machine type communication (MTC) devices. An MTC device receives an indication such as a locally detached state indication and, during the validity of the indication, remains locally detached and does not attempt communication with the network except under specified conditions, such as a need by the MTC device to initiate data transfer, or triggering of the MTC device. The MTC device may also receive a local detachment timer and remain attached during the validity of the local detachment timer, with the MTC device becoming locally detached and the indication becoming valid upon expiration of the local detachment timer.
Patent GB-2498932-B (GB)
Title: Method, apparatus and computer program for distributed carrier aggregation
Inventor: CHEN TAO
IPC: H04L5/00
Filed: 2012-01-30
Granted: 2013-12-18
Abstract: A method for distributed carrier aggregation on unlicensed bands is described. The method includes tuning an antenna of a user equipment to a first carrier. The method includes transmitting, from an access point on a first carrier, information regarding a second carrier. The method also includes receiving, on the first carrier via the antenna, the information regarding the second carrier. The first carrier and the second carrier are in an unlicensed band. The method includes retuning the antenna to the second carrier and communicating data on the second carrier via the antenna. A maximum transmission power for the second carrier is based at least in part on a bandwidth of the second carrier. Apparatus and computer readable media are also described.
Patent GR-2448-B (GR)
Title: Βελτιωσεις εις η εν σχεσει με λιπαντικα ελαια.
Inventor: PEARSON FRED
Filed: 1929-08-13
Abstract: χοντες ήδη περιγράψει ιδιαιτέρως και βεβαιώσει την φύσιν της ρηθείσης εφευρέσεώς μας, και κατά ποίον τρόπον δέον να εκτελεσθή αύτη, δηλούμεν ότι τα αξιώματά μας είναι τα ακόλουθα Εν λιπαντικόν έλαιονδια τα εργαζόμενα μέρη της μηχανής τα υποκείμεναεις προστριβήν υπό τας συνθήκας ταχείας αλλοιώσεως της τοπικής πιέσεως, περιέχον αρκετάς ποσότητας καταλλήλου μετάλλου μεταλλικού οξειδίου ή άλλου καταλλήλου μεταλλικού μίγματος, ή μιγμάτων αυτών, δια να το καταστήσωσι κατά τρόπον ανόδου εις τα μέρηάτινα πρόκειται να προστατευθώσιν.
Patent GR-2676-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος προς κατασκευην εστερων.
Filed: 1929-10-30
Abstract: έθοδος προς κατασκευήν εστέρων δηλαδή γλυκεριδίωνοξέων, λίπους υψηλοτέρου βαθμού εξ οξεών και οινοπνεύματος εις ρευστήν φάσιν χαρακτηριζόμενη δια του ότι οδηγούνται αι συνιστάμεναι της αντιδράσεως εν διδομένη περιπτώσει τη παρουσία καταλύτου εν θερμώ υπεράνω σημάτων πληρώσεως και των τοιούτων. Τύπος της εκτελέσεως της μεθόδου κατ αξίωσιν 1 χαρακτηριζόμενος δια του ότι συναθροίζονται το οξύ και το οινόπνευμα εις τοιαύτας ποσότητας, ώστε ή εις χαμηλωτέραν θερμοκρασίαν ζεϋσα συνισταμένη υπάρχει εν περισσεία και οδηγούμεν τας συνισταμένας της αντιδράσεως εις σκοπίμους διαρκεί λειτουργίας δια μέσω ζωνών αντιδράσεως εφοδιασμένων μετά πληρώσεως των οποίων αι θερμοκρασίαι αναβαίνουν βαθμηδόν εις την κατεύθυνσιν του ρεύματος του υγρού και εκ των οποίων τουλάχιστον η τελευταία ζώνη δεικνύει θερμοκρασίαν κειμένην υπεράνω του σημείου ζέσεως της συνισταμένης της ζεούσης εις χαμηλοτέραν θερμοκρασίαν.
Patent GR-3055-B (GR)
Title: Τελειοποιησεις εις τα προιοντα και τους τροπους δια την αποψιλωσιν και την αφαιρεσιν του εριου των δερματων ζωων, των προοριζομενων δια την δεψικην ητην κατεργασιαν λευκανσεως ως επισης και εις τα αποκτωμενα δερματα.
Filed: 1930-12-11
Abstract: ροϊόν συνιστάμενον εξ ενός μίγματος επιδερμόζης και διαλύσεως S αλκαλικής, ή αλκαλικο-γεώδους, και χαρακτηριζόμενον εκ του ότι προσθέτει τις εις το μίγμα τούτο μίαν ύλην πολτοποιητικήν ήτις καθιστά το προϊόν τούτο εις κατάστασιν ζύμης λιπαράς και γλοιώδους ως μία αλοιφή.
Patent GR-5852-B (GR)
Title: Σκελουμενη καντις (λικνον) δια μικρα παιδια.
Inventor: BONNY THEODORE
Filed: 1936-01-13
Abstract: τυσσομένη κοιτίς δια παιδία, περιλαμβάνουσα στοιχεία πτυσσόμενα εις μικρόν όγκον και ευκόλως τότε μεταφερομένη, ενώ εις θέσιν χρησιμοποιήσεως ταύτα αποτελούσι ανένδοτον διάταξιν, δυναμένην να καταλαμβάνη χαμηλήν ή υψηλήν θέσιν.
Patent GR-18177-B (GR)
Title: Συγκρατητης μεταλλινων φυλλων.
Filed: 1957-07-09
Abstract: ίς στερεωτής διά σύνδεσιν πρός έν στοιχείον μεταλλικού φύλλου εοντα έν άνοιγμα (οπήν) εν εαυτώ, περιλαμβάνων εν κυλινδρικόν σώμα δεκτικόν εκτάσεως εντός του ανοίγματος τούτου, ένα τράχηλος (φλάτζαν),και μίαν εσοχήν συνορεύουσαν ρός τον τράχηλον τούτουν, συμπιεζομένου δε του τραχήλου τούτου και τουστοιχείου του φύλλου, το υλικόν του εν λόγω στοιχείου αναγκάζεται να εισέλθη είς την ρηθείσαν εσοχήν.
Patent GR-19344-B (GR)
Title: Βελτιωσεις εις η εν σχεσει προς την παροχην μιας τελικης επεξεργασιας τυπου μωσαικου επι επιφανειων.
Filed: 1958-03-27
Abstract: ν προαναμιχθέν επίχρισμα δια την πρόσδοσιν μιάς τελικής κατεργασίας τύπου μωσαϊκού επί τοίχων, δαπέδων και παρομοίων επιφανειών, το οποίον αποτελείται εξ ενός μίγματος ενός συσσωματώματος εκ τεμαχιδίων λίθων, μαρμάρου ή άλλου σκληρού διακεκριμένου υλικού, ενός κατ' ουσίαν αχρόου οργανικού συνδετικού υλικού δυναμένου να γαλακτωματοποιείται εντός του ύδατος και ύδατος εις μίαν ποσότητα αναγκαιαν προς επίτευξιν της συστάσεως ήτις απαιτείται  προς τον σκοπόν επιχρίσεως.
Patent GR-25554-B (GR)
Title: Βελτιωσεις εις την ανακτησιν χημικων ενωσεων.
Filed: 1961-11-07
Abstract: έθοδος δια την ανάκτησιν καπρολακτάμης και θειϊκού αμμωνίου εξ ενός αντιδραστηρίου μίγματος λαμβανομένου διά νιτροσυλιώσεως, παρουσία θειϊκού οξέος, μιάς ενώσεως περιεχούσης μίαν κυκλοεξυλομάδα μεθ' ενός τριτοταγούς ατόμου άνθρακος εν τω δακτυλίω, ηοποία συμπεριλαμβάνει εξουδετέρωσιν του ρηθέντος αντιδραστηρίου μιγματος δι' αμμωνίας εις εν στάδιον εις το οποίον η τιμή του ph του μίγματος ευρίσκεται εντός της περιοχής 6 μέχρι 6.5, παραμονήν του μίγματος ώστε να διαχωρισθή εις δύο στοιβάδας, χωρισμόν των προκυπτουσών δύο στοιβάδων, προσθήκην περαιτέρω αμμωνίας εις αμφοτέρας την δε ελαφροτέραν και την πυκνοτέραν στοιβάδα προς ολοκλήρωσιν της εξουδετερώσεως του οξέος εις αμφοτέρας τας στοιβάδας, εκχύλισιν της καπρολακτάμης εξ αμφοτέρων των στοιβάδων με έναν διαλύτην καπρολακτάμης και ανάκτησιν του θειϊκού αμμωνίου εκ της πυκνοτέρας στοιβάδος.
Patent GR-23284-B (GR)
Title: Ανακλινντρον (chaise longue) με ανταλλασσομενον υφασμα και αυτοματον μηχανισμον δια την στερεωσιν του ερεισινωτου.
Inventor: ANDREOLI FERRUCIO
Filed: 1962-04-09
Abstract: νάκλιντρον (σέζ-λόγκ) καταστρώματος μετά δύο ζευγών σκελών, τα κάτω άκρα των οποίων αποκλίνουν, ενώτα άνω άκρα αρθρούνται με δύο οριζοντίων ερεισιβραχιόνων, ως και μετ' αλλήλων, των οπισθίων άκρων των ερεισιβραχιόνων συνδεομένων μετά των δύο πλευρικών ορθοστατών του ερεισινώτου, δια της ενσωματώσεως ενός μηχανισμού κατασκευασθέντος εις έκαστον ερεισιβραχίονα του ανακλίντρου δια την αυτόματον σύρτωσιν του ερεισινώτου εις οιανδήποτε θέσιν κατά βούλησιν των εν λόγω μηχανισμών συγκροτουμένων εκ μιας τροχιάς εγκαθημένης εντός διαμήκους εσοχής διατεταγμένης εις το κάτω τμήμα εκάστου ερεισιβραχίονος, εξ ενός ελάσματος αποτελούντος μέρος περιστρεφομένου πλακιδίου και ολισθαίνοντος επί της κορυφής εκάστης τροχιάς, του εν λόγω περιστρεφομένου πλακιδίου αρθρουμένου επί πόλου συνδέοντος τα δύο σκέλη, του εν λόγω ελάσματος έχοντος περιωρισμένην έκτασιν κινήσεως προς την μίαν διεύθυνσιν δια την σύρτωσιν της θέσεως του ανακλίντρου, καθ' ον χρόνον τούτο δύναται να περιστρέφεται καθ' οιανδήποτε έκτασιν κατά την αντίθετον διεύθυνσιν, του πλακιδίου αλληλοσυνδεομένου μετά της εν λόγω τροχιάς όταν το βάρος του χρησιμοποιούντος το ανάκλιντρον φέρεται προς το ερεισίνωτον προς τον σκοπόν όπως συρτώση τούτο εις την επιθυμητήν θέσιν.
Patent GR-76464-B (GR)
Inventor: TOURDOT JACQUES
IPC: C11D3/395
Filed: 1982-03-08
Abstract: An activating composition for bleaching textiles with peroxide products, containing an activator of the cyanamide type or derivative thereof, further contains a ternary protective mixture comprising a magnesium silicate precipitated in the finely divided powder state, a sequestering agent of the acetic type, preferably organoacetic, and a sequestering agent of the phosphonic type, preferably organophosphonic. The composition finds its application in activation of bleaching at moderate temperature with protection of textile fibers, of household washing powders at moderate temperature (30 DEG to 60 DEG  C.) or any temperature (up to 90 DEG  C.).
Patent GR-82674-B (GR)
Inventor: HOLTMAN DENNIS C
IPC: A61F13/514
Filed: 1984-07-05
Abstract: A disposable urinary pad is described as having high liquid impact capacity, high liquid retention, and allows the skin of the wearer to remain dry. The pad comprises a liquid-impermeable, substantially flexible shell (12) containing a superstructure (14) which is slightly compressible and capable of maintaining a void volume of liquid and an absorbent medium.