Patent GB-728549-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B23/04
Filed: 1953-03-23
Abstract: 728,549. Combustion chambers. SCHNEIDER, H. March 23,1953,No. 7939/53. Class 7(3). Combustion chambers 11a, 12a arranged separately from a cylinder 15a and in opposed, coaxial relationship, each have a nozzle 13a, 14a connecting the chambers with the cylinder, the juxtaposed orifice mouths of the nozzles being arranged so close to each other on opposite sides of a nozzle mouth chamber 18a that the major portion of a jet of fuel-air mixture blown out from one chamber will enter the other chamber. One of the chambers 11a operates as a pre-combustion chamber in which the fuel-air mixture is originally ignited whereby a high velocity jet of the mixture produced by partial combustion is blown from that chamber into the chamber 12a and from the latter back to the chamber 11a and jets from both chambers are blown head-on against each other to cause repeated violent turbulence of the mixture for rapid and complete combustion. As shown in Fig. 2, the chambers 11a, 12a are arranged in a cylinder head 17a and the chamber 18a has an outlet 19a extending divergingly into the cylinder 15a. A fuel injector nozzle 20a is located in the chamber 11a, and ignition of the fuel-air mixture may be caused by glow plug or sparking plug, or the engine can operate by compression ignition. The nozzles may be of heat and corrosion-resisting material, or of heat-conducting material such as copper, the orifices of the nozzles being chromium plated or stellite lined or provided with other corrosionresisting linings, and the threads of the nozzles preferably being copper-plated to facilitate conduction of heat from the nozzles to the walls of the chambers. Forced high velocity liquid or air cooling, together with cooling ribs, of the walls of the chambers and nozzles is preferably provided. Water injection, preferably into the ante-chamber 12a, may be used. In modifications, (a), Fig. 1 (not shown), a precombustion chamber is disposed in a cylinder head and an ante-chamber is arranged in a piston, (b), Fig. 3 (not shown), pairs of chambers 11a, 12a are situated on either side of the cylinder of an opposed-piston engine, (c), Fig. 4 (not shown), an independent unit comprising chambers 11a, 12a and nozzles 13a, 14a and including a cooling- water jacket is attached to a cylinder, (d) a cylinder head 17d, Fig. 6, includes precombustion and antechambers 11d, 12d connected by nozzles 13d, 14d having tapered threads and surrounded by toroidal, secondary air chambers 41, 42 which communicate with the chambers 11d, 12d by circular slots 43, 44, a fuel injector nozzle 20d being surrounded by a cooling chamber 125d, (e), nozzles 13e, 14e, Fig. 7, are split lengthwise as at 54, pressed into conical seats in chambers 11e, 12e and held in place by heatresistant liners 52 made up of several parts and forming air spaces 53 with the walls of the chambers, (f), Fig. 8 (not shown), a combustion unit comprising a pair of chambers is attached to the cylinder of an opposed piston engine, a fuel injector being disposed in the precombustion chamber and at an angle to the axis of the nozzle in that chamber, (g), Fig. 10 (not shown), a combustion chamber unit is attached to a cylinder and surrounded by a housing for cooling fluid and (h) a separate one-piece, welded steel combustion chamber unit 66, preferably chromium plated, Fig. 12, is arranged in a cylinder head 67 and connected by a neck portion 70 to the wall 69 of the head, the fuel injector being screwed into the wall of the precombustion chamber 11g and having a gland nut 73 co-operating with a stuffing box 74 in the head. The diameter of the orifice of the nozzle in precombustion chamber may be 3 to 15 per cent of the diameter of the power cylinder, and the diameter of the orifice of the nozzle in the ante-chamber may be 5 to 20 per cent larger than that of the nozzle in the pre-combustion chamber. The volumes of the pre-combustion chamber, ante-chamber and nozzle mouth chambers may respectively be 15 to 30 per cent, 20 to 40 per cent and 15 to 30 per cent of the total compression volume.