baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-824520-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of acrylic acid esters
IPC: C07C51/14
Filed: 1957-12-18
Abstract: Acrylic acid esters are obtained by reacting acetylene and carbon monoxide with an alcohol or phenol at elevated temperature and under increased pressure in the presence of a catalytic amount of a carbonylation catalyst containing (a) a carbonyl-forming metal, (b) halogen, and (c) a small amount of a heavy metal or compound thereof, in the absence of an organic solvent, but in the presence of a small amount of a compound which contains the grouping -C(O)OH.  As components of the catalysts there are especially suitable the halides of carbonyl - forming metals, especially nickel halides, e.g. nickel chloride, bromide and iodide, nickel acetonyl acetonate, and a nickel bromidetriphenyl phosphine-alkyl bromide complex.  There may also be used the carbonyl-forming metals themselves or their halogen-free compounds in admixture with halogen or halogen compounds and these compounds can be dissolved in small amounts of water before their addition to the alcohol or phenol.  As component (c) copper halides and mercury halides are especially effective.  Other heavy metal compounds specified are zinc, cadmium and lead iodides and chromium chloride.  It is also often advantageous to add a hydrogen halide, e.g. HC1 or HBr in an amount of about 0.01 to 1% by weight of the alcohol or phenol to the reaction mixture.  The alcohols may be monohydric or polyhydric, e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol or glycerine. Aromatic alcohols and phenols, e.g. phenol itself, may also be used. Specified compounds containing the -C(O)OH grouping are monobasic and polybasic aliphatic or aromatic saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. formic, acetic, benzoic, phthalic, terephthalic, acrylic and salicylic acids.  The carboxylic acid may be present in solid or liquid form and is preferably added in an amount of about 1 to 5% of the amount of alcohol or phenol introduced.  Ion-exchange resins containing free carboxyl groups may also be used, and carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of which should amount to 2 to 4% of the autoclave pressure, also effects a good ester formation in the presence of a small amount of water, especially when mercury iodide is used at the same time.  Acrylic acid is especially effective particularly when preparing the methyl ester in the presence of mercury iodide or zinc or cadmium iodide.  Suitable reaction temperatures are about 100 DEG  to 250 DEG C. and the partial pressure of acetylene is preferably between 10 and 80 atmospheres. Examples are given for the production of n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate.
Patent GB-1499389-A (GB)
Title: Monolithic semiconductor mask programmable rom and a method for manufacturing the same
IPC: H01L21/82
Filed: 1975-09-25
Abstract: 1499389 Integrated circuits TOKYO SHIBAURA ELECTRIC CO Ltd 25 Sept 1975 [26 Sept 1974] 39393/75 Heading H1K A monolithic semi-conductor mask-programmable ROM matrix comprises a plurality of enhancement mode IGFETs, those IGFETs 52P in which no information is written including a semi-conductor substrate with a plurality of strip-shaped source and drain diffused regions 54, 55, spaced metal strips 56 on a thick insulating layer on the substrate, and corresponding gate electrodes 57 on a thin layer of insulation on the substrate and integral with the metal strips 56, with at least one side thereof spaced by a given distance d 1 , d 2  from the source and drain regions respectively, and those IGFETs 51P containing written-in information include, in addition, impurity regions 59 formed by an additional doping step according to a customer's requirements, which regions 59 complete the otherwise incomplete IGFET structures. Those IGFETs 52P not containing information, i.e. without the regions 59, may be doped instead to provide opposite conductivity type regions to the regions 59 to reduce leakage currents, and both these additional regions may be formed by diffusion, or preferably by ion implantation. In an alternative embodiment, the gate electrodes 57 may be spaced from only one of the source and drain regions, and in another alternative embodiment P and N channel IGFETs may be formed in one chip by doping half of it to form a P well and a N substrate, in both of which IGFETs are formed as above. The semi-conductor chip may be Si, the dopants B and P, the electrodes Al, and the device may be passivated by a B- or P-doped glass layer.
Patent GB-1403134-A (GB)
Title: Switch actuation assembly
IPC: H01H3/20
Filed: 1973-08-21
Abstract: 1403134 Retractive switches BLACK & DECKER MFG CO 21 Aug 1973 [22 Aug 1972] 39394/73 Heading H1N An assembly for actuating an electric switch to control the motor of a power tool comprises a manually operable actuator biased to a first position, wherein the switch is "OFF", and a locking member biased to a first position in which it prevents movement of the actuator to its "ON" position, the locking member being manually movable to a second position in which it permits the actuator to be moved to "ON" and is itself prevented, by engagement with the actuator, from returning to its first position until the actuator has returned to its first position, the actuator being movable to an intermediate position where the switch is "OFF". Thus, after initial unlocking, the actuator may be operated between ON and OFF without re-positioning the locking member, but when fully released is automatically again locked. As shown the assembly is applied to an electric grass shear having a housing 12 comprising two halves 16 and 18 secured together by screws 19 and containing a switch 36 with a sliding control member 38. A trigger 28 pivoted at 56 and urged to its rest position (shown) by an integral leaf spring 60 has a forwardly extending finger 64 with a nose 68 arranged to engage the slider 38. A locking member 44 has laterallyextending trunnions 80, trapped in a pocket 70 of the housing 12, and a flattened blade-like portion 84. A spring 90 urges the member 44 into the position shown in full lines wherein it prevents movement of the trigger 28 by abuttal therewith. When the head 76 is pivoted rearwards by a thumb, for example, the blade portion 84 moves to the dotted line position and can pass through a slot (66, Fig. 5, not shown) thus allowing trigger 28 to close switch 36, and, by restricting its travel, the trigger may then actuate switch 36 "OFF" and "ON". If it is released sufficiently to allow member 44 to leave the slot (66) and be moved rearwardly by spring 90 the trigger is again locked. The head 76 has a screw-driver slot (78) whereby member 44 may be turned 90 degrees about its own axis to bring blade 84 transverse to trigger 28 and the switch is then locked off (for storage of the tool, for example) until member 44 is turned back by a screw-driver or coin.
Patent GB-1456890-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparation of amphoteric polyurethane emulsions
IPC: C08G18/00
Filed: 1974-09-11
Abstract: 1456890 Polyurethane emulsions KAO SOAP CO Ltd 11 Sept 1974 [18 Sept 1973] 39572/74 Heading C3R An aqueous amphoteric polyurethane emulsion is made by (1) reacting in liquid phase, and in a ketone solvent, at -20‹ to +70‹ C., isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer (A) made by reacting a polyol of MW 200-10,000 with excess polyisocyanate in the absence of a solvent or in the presence of an inert solvent, with excess of a polyalkylene polyamine (B) which has #2 primary or secondary amine groups (G), (B) being where A is a secondary or tertiary amino group, and R is alkyl substituted with #1 primary or secondary amino group, and X is Cl or Br, the ratio of the number (b) of amine groups (G) to the number (a) of polyisocyanate groups in (A) being in the range 1 <b/a#5, the reaction being carried out till -NCO groups cannot be detected, thus forming a polyurethane-ureapolyamine (P), (2) reacting (P) in liquid phase with either (a) a sultone, lactone, or Na monohalogenated carboxylate, at 40-70‹ C., or (b) an alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate or acrylonitrile, at 50-80‹ C. and then hydrolysing, the quantity of (a) or (b) being sufficient to render amphoteric the amino groups in (P), there being 0À5-2À0 moles (a) or (b) per mole amino group, and (3) removing the organic solvent and adding water. (a) may be 1,3-propanesultone, 1,4- butanesultone, #-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, #-caprolactone 8 - valerolactone, or X<SP>1</SP>- (CH 2 ) n COONa where X<SP>1</SP> is halogen and n is 1 or 2, (b) may be methyl or ethyl acrylate or methacrylate, or acrylonitrile. 50% moles of (B) may be replaced by diamine(s) or adducts thereof with alkylene oxide, acrylonitrile, or acrylate. The ketone solvent may be mixed with other solvent(s). The OH groups derived from (B) remain unreacted, in the polyurethane. An emulsifier may be added. The emulsion may be moulded and thermally crosslinked. Or it may be used to impregnate or coat fibrous materials, non-woven fabrics, paper, leather, rubber, wood, metals, glass, or plastics, followed by drying. It may be used as an adhesive, or to form films.
Patent GB-1422133-A (GB)
Title: Ceramic materials
IPC: C04B35/491
Filed: 1972-08-25
Abstract: 1422133 Ceramic; modified lead zirconates PLESSEY CO Ltd 27 July 1973 [25 Aug 1972] 39661/72 Headings C1J and C1A A ceramic material for electronic components comprises a lead zirconate with x atomic per cent of Bi substituted for the Pb according to the formula wherein 0 < x # 0À20. Not more than 50 atomic per cent of Ti and not more than 20 atomic per cent K may be substituted for the Zr and Pb respectively. The material may also contain not more than 10 atomic per cent U.
Patent GB-1518231-A (GB)
Title: Catalytic reduction process
IPC: B01D53/86
Filed: 1976-09-24
Abstract: 1518231 Reduction of nitrogen oxides HITACHI Ltd and BABCOCK HITACHI KK 24 Sept 1976 [27 Sept 1975] 39845/76 Heading C1A Nitrogen oxides are reduced to nitrogen and water by contacting the gas mixture over a catalyst with a reducing agent, the reducing agent being hydrazine, amines having one or more NH 2  or NH groups, or amides having one or more CONH 2  groups, including urea, the conditions being such that the reducing agent is not substantially converted into ammonia prior to reaction with the nitrogen oxide. Catalysts exemplified are activated alumina and mixtures of Ti, Fe, and V. Exemplified reducing agents are urea and hydrazine.
Patent GB-1466303-A (GB)
Title: Glossmeter for and method of measuring the gloss of a surface
IPC: G01N21/57
Filed: 1974-09-13
Abstract: 1466303 Measuring surface gloss HOWELL LABORATORIES Inc 13 Sept 1974 [17 Sept 1973]  39972/74 Heading G1A To measure the gloss of the surface of a moving web, e.g. of paper, optical radiation reflected from the surface is measured with a photo-detector; because the web vibrates as it moves only those detector signals produced when the web is in a predetermined plane are recorded. The optical measuring head is shown in Fig. 2, and the web runs in or adjacent a plane M just below it. Light enters the head via fibre guide 22 and is split into two paths at 34; one path passes via attenuator 78 and reflector 64 to a guide 24 to serve as a reference, and the other passes via mask 44 and mirror 46 to the web and thence via mirror 54 to lens 60 and guide 26. Gas can be blown into the head at 68 to prevent dust build-up. The mirrors 46 and 54 are so positioned that when the web is in plane M to light reflected from it and along guide 26 is a maximum. Thus by recording only the maximum values of the signals produced by a photo-detector on the end of that guide it is ensured that the gloss corresponds to a known web position and hence to known angles of incidence and reflection. The head can measure reflection of 75 degrees, under the conditions of the Paper and Pulp Industry standard TAPPI 480. The circuitry used with the head is shown in Fig. 5, and has two lamps L1, L2 which are arranged so that one lamp is lit from transformer T1, and in the event of lamp failure the photo-cell RP1 causes the other lamp  to light. The lamp illuminates guide 22 of the head, while the reference and measuring guides 24, 26 lead to detectors RP2 and RP3. The difference between the two detector outputs is found at A 1 , and a peak detector 142 passes only peak signals to A 2  so as to pass only the signals generated when the web is in the plane M. Potentiometers R 8  and R 9  allow the voltage between points P 1 <SP>+</SP> and P 2 <SP>-</SP> to be set to read between 0 and 5 volts for web gloss of 0-100 by using two standard surfaces, or to read 0 volts for any particular gloss in this range.
Patent GB-1066586-A (GB)
Title: Tunnel diode switching circuits
IPC: H03K17/58
Filed: 1963-10-10
Abstract: 1,066,586. Tunnel diode switching circuits. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Oct. 10, 1963 [Nov. 6, 1962], No. 40071/63. Heading H3T. The input circuit of a tunnel diode switching circuit includes series and shunt tunnel rectifiers to prevent input signals being reflected. The application of an input pulse at 20 triggers a monostable circuit comprising tunnel diode TDI, inductor 10 and a tunnel resistor 12 or equivalent tunnel diode-resistor combination having the characteristic shown in Fig. 3. The resulting pulse passes through an isolating tunnel rectifier TR1, along a line 22 and through another tunnel rectifier to trigger a further monostable circuit TD2. When this changes state the resulting pulse might block TR2 so that the last part of the received pulse might be reflected back along the line and then returned with such a delay that TD2 is again triggered. This is, however, prevented by a tunnel rectifier TR3 being cut-off by the change of state and the resulting conduction of a normally non-conducting tunnel rectifier TR4 providing a dissipation path for the remaining part of the received pulse. Diodes 26 and 28 provide fan-out and fan-in connections.
Patent GB-1109279-A (GB)
Title: Devices for passing electricians' snakes and/or electric cables through conduits
IPC: H02G1/08
Filed: 1965-09-21
Abstract: 1,109,279. Feeding electrician's snakes through conduits; toothed gearing. H. N. COMEAU. 21 Sept., 1965, No. 40168/65. Headings F2N and F2Q. An electrician's snake 18 is fed through an electric cable conduit 16, Fig. 1 (not shown) by means of a series of paired driving wheels 12, which are mounted in an elongated housing and which are each driven through a series of adjustably meshed gears 20, Fig. 3 (not shown) and reduction gear 22 by conventional means such as an electric hand drill. The snake is driven on rotation of the driving wheels through the housing, along a flexible conduit 36 having an adapter 36 facilitating connection to cable conduits of various sizes, and through the cable conduit. An electric cable is secured to the forward end of the snake, and the snake withdrawn through the conduit by reversing the direction of rotation of the driving means or by utilizing a conventional reverse gear which may be incorporated in the housing. As illustrated in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 (not shown), the spacing 14 between the wheels of each pair may be varied by adjustment of screws 26 which cause lateral movement of a wheel support 28 thereby enabling snakes of different sizes to be used. The teeth 30 of the gears 20 are relatively long to ensure meshing over the range of the spacing adjustment.
Patent GB-1408135-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for reproducing programmed selections of data recorded in coded form on magnetic cards
IPC: G06K7/08
Filed: 1971-09-01
Abstract: 1408135 Card processing machines DATAPLEX Ltd 22 Aug 1972 [1 Sept 1971] 40854/71 Heading G4M A series of characters representing a program of instructions is reproduced by a magnetic card reader and entered into a program store, and the instructions taken from the program store are decoded to control a magnetic card reader or recording apparatus to reproduce data, or record data supplied by an input means such as a keyboard, on a magnetic card. In the main embodiment described a program card having blocks of program instructions recorded in a number of separate parallel tracks is inserted into a first reader. The track address of a required block is entered from a keyboard to an address register associated with the first reader to position the read head over the required track. The reader then operates under control of a permanently stored loading program to transfer the program selected to a track buffer and thence to a program memory, the first program character being extracted from the memory and placed in an instruction register, after which control passes to the newly loaded program. To print out the data recorded in a selected block on a magnetic data card inserted in a second reader, the first decoded instruction causes the read head of the second reader to be positioned over the required track of the data card and the selected block of data is read into an associated track buffer and thence to a print buffer. When the entire block has been printed out, provision being made for automatic or manually controlled line spacing, the next program instruction may return the machine to the idle state, cause a second block of data from the same data card to be read and printed out or cause a further program to be read from the program card. Each program may include instructions for arresting automatic operation for manual entry of data to be printed or for incrementing an address register for reading successive blocks from a card. Data or programs may also be entered by the keyboard for recording on a data or program card. Transmission of data or programs to a similar machine or a computer at a remote location is also mentioned. The buffers described comprise recirculating shift registers transfer between the various buffers and registers in the system taking place over a common highway.
Patent GB-1512136-A (GB)
Title: Analogue-digital coder-decoder
IPC: H03M1/00
Filed: 1976-10-05
Abstract: 1512136 Analogue-digital coder-decoder COMPAGNIE INDUSTRIELLE DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS CIT-ALCATEL SA 5 Oct 1976 [17 Oct 1975] 41336/76 Heading H3H In an analogue-digital coder-decoder, coding of an analogue input sampled at 7 is performed by the successive approximation method by a loop comprising a comparator 4, register 2 and D-to-A converter 1, and the coding loop is interruptible at any time by a multiplexer 5 to allow a digital input Ed to be decoded by the D-to-A converter 1, any partially completed coding being retained in the register 2 ready for resumption of coding upon completion of decoding. Coding and decoding are at the same sample rate, but asynchronous.
Patent GB-1205394-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to paint compositions
Inventor: ROBINSON ALAN VINCENT
IPC: C09D5/10
Filed: 1966-09-16
Abstract: 1,205,394. Organo-silicate based metallic paints. CAMREX Ltd. 7 Sept., 1967 [16 Sept., 1966], No. 41469/66. Heading C3T. [Also in Division C4] An anti-corrosive non-aqueous paint for ferrous metals comprises a finely divided metal with a higher standard oxidation potential than iron, a colour-stable pigment, and a silicate ester carrier activated by acid to a pH of 2-4, such that the dried film comprises 35-80% by vol. of the metal and 3-10% by vol. silicate derived from the ester. The only silicate ester specified is tetraethyl orthosilicate. The pigment may be TiO 2  ZnO, Cr 2 O 3 , red or yellow iron oxide, toluidine red, arylamide yellow, or copper phthalocyanine blue or green. Barytes or asbestine may be included as an extender pigment replacing some of the metal powder. The solvents and diluents are selected from glycol ethers, white spirit, xylene, methanol, toluol acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl i-butyl ketone. In examples zinc dust is admixed with (i)-(iii) tetraethyl orthosilicate, HCI, a little water, diglycol ethyl ether, white spirit and (i) chromium oxide (ii) red iron oxide or (iii) titanium dioxide plus phthalocyanine blue, or with (iv)-(vi) the silicate, acid and water as before, xylene, butyl glycol ether, and (iv) chromium oxide (v) red iron oxide or (vi) titanium dioxide plus phthalocyanine blue.
Patent GB-1522399-A (GB)
Title: Bandage material for mouldable plastic orthopaedic casts
IPC: A61F13/04
Filed: 1976-10-06
Abstract: 1522399 Coated products HEXCEL CORP 6 Oct 1976 [19 Nov 1975] 41583/76 Heading B2E A bandage material for forming in situ an orthopoedic cast, comprises a pliant fabric carrier including strands of heat insulative material, each strand being coated and at least partially impregnated with a polymer composition which has a heat softening point of not less than 125‹F and not greater than 165‹F, the strands of polymer coated carrier having openings with an area of not less than 0.010 sq. in. and not greater than 0.25 sq. in. The carrier material is preferably knit and the smallest dimension of the openings will generally be at least 0.015 sq. in. and preferably a minimum of 0.022 sq. in. Generally they will not exceed 0.25 sq. in. The openings may be of any configuration, e.g. square and polygonal. Suitable materials of cellulosic materials such as cotton, and synthetic materials such as acrylates and nylon. The coating composition is preferably a poly- #-caprolactone. The polymers will normally have a molecular weight of at least 30,000 and preferably about 40,000 and the reduced viscosities are normally above 0.3. Small amounts generally not exceeding 15% by weight of inert fillers such as titanium dioxide, talc, magnesium or calcium carbonate or clay may be added. The compositions may be applied in a convenient solvent such as a halocarbon, for example methylene chloride, although hot melt coatings may be employed. On rolling the material a release film of polyethylene or such material may be dispersed between the convolutions.
Patent GB-1127521-A (GB)
Title: Method of treating spent pulp liquors
IPC: D21C11/00
Filed: 1965-10-01
Abstract: 1,127,521. Recovery Of SO 2  from pulping liquor. WEYERHAEUSER CO. 1 Oct., 1965 [23 Oct., 1964], No. 41750/65. Heading C1A. [Also in Division C2.] SO 2 , acetic acid, and formic acid are recovered. from the vapours obtained on the evaporation' of spent sulphite pulping liquor by introducing abasic reactant into the vapour. to form a. non- volatile salt, which is separated. The reactantmay be NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , or NH 4 OH, and may be introduced as-a solution. or melt by atomization through nozzles,. or as a.powder or gas. With.aqu. NaOH, a solution of Na acetate and formate is formed, and crystals of Na 2 SO 3  settle out. The solution may be reinjected. into the vapour. to react excess. NaOH. A multistage evaporator may be used, in which: the vapour, after removal of the volatile compounds, is used to evaporate the preceding stage (the last 2 stages being heated by steam). The liquor may be initially steam stripped to remove most of. the SO 2 , and its pH adjusted to 6, then in a later stage acidified with H 2 SO 4 .