Patent GB-887144-A (GB)
Title: Improved semiconductor arrangement
IPC: H03D7/00
Filed: 1958-02-25
Abstract: 887,144. Semi-conductor devices &c. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Feb. 25, 1958 [March 29, 1957 ; June 24, 1957], No. 6120/58. Class 37. [Also in Groups XXXVIII, XL (b) and XL (c)] A semi-conductor  arrangement comprises a semi-conductor body, a voltage source and load connected in series with two ohmic electrodes connected to the body, means for maintaining the body at a low temperature and for applying an additional electric or magnetic field to the body to provide a characteristic having a sharp change in resistivity. The invention employs an element of semi-conductor material such as germanium, silicon, germanium-silicon alloys or indium antimonide, and operationally depends upon the change in resistivity of the material with temperature, applied electric or magnetic fields, and ultra-violet, light, infra-red X-rays and other electromagnetic waves. The effects of two or more of these factors are superimposed, and conditions arranged so that operation takes place near that point in the characteristic at which a sudden change in resistivity occurs. The invention is applicable to amplifying, oscillating, modulating, rectifying, video or audio switching, reading of magnetic or electric storage data, multiplexing, magnetometer and other arrangements. Fig. 4 shows a semi-conductor element 1 in a low temperature (e.g. liquid helium) chamber 5, with a signal source 3 (100 c.p.s. to 100 mc/s.) in series with battery 4 and load 7 applied between terminal electrodes. The resistivity of the semi-conductor increases as the temperature falls towards 4 K., but falls to a low value suddenly on application of a small electric field, the breakdown point depending on the temperature. A control signal source 38 is arranged to vary the temperature and thus provide a modulated output in load 7. Fig. 8 shows an arrangement in which the semi-conductor element 1 is again in temperature chamber 5 and subjected to a longitudinal electric field from source 4, but a biasing magnetic field from magnet 6, and a variable magnetic field from coil 2 controlled by signal source 3, is also provided. Alternatively a second electric field may be provided. This may be used to provide an amplified and rectified signal, including power amplification. The various electric and magnetic fields need not be co-linear and two or more similar magnetic or electric fields each controlled by a separate signal source may be provided. A plurality of separate semi-conductor elements associated with a common or with individual variable magnetic fields may be mounted in a common temperature chamber, as shown, for example, in Fig. 10, the lower portion of which shows two elements connected to provide a flip-flop circuit. Fig. 13 shows a relaxation oscillator with capacitor 19 and coil 18 forming an oscillator circuit. Fig. 14 shows a full-wave rectifier arrangement which may have power gain, in which the signal from source 3 is applied to electrodes 50 separated from the semi-conductorelement 1 by dielectric layers 51. The two electric fields may be colinear, and the dielectric portions may be omitted, the potentials being applied direct to the semi-conductor element through ohmic electrodes. In a further arrangement, the element is subjected to an electromagnetic field by being mounted in a waveguide. The magnetic coils may consist of superconducting material such as niobium or lead.