baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1146435-A (GB)
Title: Method for preparing organotin compounds
Inventor: HOYE PETER ALBERT THEODORE
IPC: C08G18/24
Filed: 1965-10-11
Abstract: 1,146,435. Organo-tin halides. ALBRIGHT & WILSON (MFG.) Ltd. 7 Oct., 1966 [11 Oct., 1965], No. 42992/65. Heading C2J. Organo-tin halides are prepared by reacting a stannous halide with an aliphatic halide, viz. an organic chloride, bromide or iodide in which the halogen is directly attached to an aliphatic carbon atom, in the presence of an ionic halide of formula MXv, wherein M is a cation of a metal from Groups I-III of the Periodic Table (including ammonium) or is an organic 'onium cation, X is halogen and v is the valency of the cation M, or of a halostannite salt of formula M(SnX 3 )v wherein M, X and v are as above defined. The process may be carried out by first reacting the ionic halide with some of the stannous halide to preform a halo-stannite salt, but normally the latter is formed in situ in the reaction mixture by adding the ionic halide to the stannous halide reactant used in appropriate amount. The 'onium cation may be formed in situ by inclusion in the reaction mixture of an amine or phosphine, prior to addition of the stannous halide reactant, whereby quaternization occurs with some of the aliphatic halide reactant. The aliphatic halides may be alkyl, aralkyl or alkenyl compounds and examples include allyl and methallyl chlorides and benzyl and substituted benzyl chlorides, bromides and iodides. The reaction may be additionally catalysed by the initial presence of a halo stannate anion of the formula [R n SnX 6-n ]<SP>2-</SP> or [R n SnX 5-n ]<SP>-</SP> wherein each R is an aliphatic group, each X is a halogen atom and n is zero or an integer from 1 to 3. Such an anion may be formed by interaction of the ionic halide with a stannic or aliphatic-organo tin halide. Preferably, the halo stannite and halo stannate catalysts are used in amounts of 0À02-0À5 mole per mole of stannous halide reactant. Desirably, the process of the invention is also carried out in the presence of a metallic co-catalyst, a number of metals being mentioned, or a halogen co-catalyst, viz. bromine, iodine, an interhalogen compound such as iodine chloride or bromide, a compound liberating iodine under the reaction conditions or an alkyl iodide when not used as a reagent. The process is effected at an elevated temperature, if desired under raised pressure, and preferably in the presence of a solvent including organic solvents containing at least one oxygen atom, aqueous solutions of hydrotopes and small amounts of water itself; these solvents may be used together with liquid hydrocarbons. Examples describe the preparation of (1) mono-noctyl tin trichloride, and (2) n-butyl tin tribromide. The organic tin halide products may be used as stabilizers for synthetic polymers and as catalysts for the production of foamed polyurethane resins.
Patent GB-907761-A (GB)
Title: Temperature indicating and/or controlling means
Inventor: FRANCIS RONALD
IPC: G01K3/00
Filed: 1959-12-18
Abstract: 907,761. Measuring temperature electrically. LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd., JOSEPH. Nov. 8, 1960 [Dec. 18, 1959], No. 43205/59. Class 40 (1). [Also in Group XXXV] The temperature in a combustion chamber is measured by a thermistor 5 connected into a bridge network with a transistor 9 in the unbalance diagonal, whereby a temperature exceeding a predetermined limb produces collector current, which is amplified at 14 to operate a control at 15. The transistor may operate without amplification, using a relay winding instead of load resistor 13, and may be reversed to operate at a predetermined minimum temperature.
Patent GB-1083886-A (GB)
Title: Radiation shield for induction furnaces and the like
IPC: H05B6/22
Filed: 1964-10-26
Abstract: A radiation shield for use around the susceptor of an induction furnace is comprised of a plurality of spaced layers of radiation-opaque material surrounding the susceptor, each layer containing multiple diagonal slits which may be arranged at different angles in different layers.  Preferably, the layers are constructed of thin sheets of refractory metal, e.g. tantalum, columbium or molybdenum.  They may be constituted by several separate sheets placed concentrically or by a single sheet wound spirally.  In either case, the layers are kept separate by spacers which may be protrusions from the sheet material, e.g. the jagged edges of the slits or "dimples" formed in the sheet.
Patent GB-1390850-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing a copolymer
IPC: C08F222/08
Filed: 1972-09-20
Abstract: 1390850 Hydroxyl group-containing copolymers DEUTSCHE TEXACO AG 20 Sept 1972 [4 Oct 1971] 43635/72 Heading C3P A hydroxyl group-containing copolymer is prepared by copolymerizing a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon containing from 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule with a half-ester of an alpha-beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid in dispersion in one or more gasoline hydrocarbons in the presence of a dispersing agent and in the presence of an amount of water not exceeding 1% by weight of the mixture of the aromatic hydrocarbon, half-ester, one or more gasoline hydrocarbons and dispersing agent, and reacting the copolymer so obtained with an alkylene oxide. The gasoline hydrocarbons range from C 4  to C 12  and they include paraffins, olefins and naphthenes as well as some aromatic compounds. In the examples styrene and maleic acid 2- butoxy-ethyl or n-butyl half-ester are copolymerized in the presence of benzoyl peroxide, water, hexane, heptane, isobutylene-maleic n-C 12-18  half-ester copolymer, gasoline and octane. The resulting copolymers are optionally dissolved in butanol, xylene and ethylene glycol monoacetate, mixed with dimethylformamide and water and treated with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. The resulting copolymers can be hardened with melamine resins or aliphatic polyisocyanates to lacquer films.
Patent GB-1393664-A (GB)
Title: Laser generator having a reduced emission spectrum
IPC: H01S3/105
Filed: 1973-09-18
Abstract: 1393664 Lasers COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE 18 Sept 1973 [6 Oct 1972] 43734/73 Heading H1C [Also in Division G2] A laser resonator reflector providing a narrow band output 2, Fig. 2, is formed by a plurality of parallel birefringent plates L1, L2 ... each preceded by a polarizer P1, P2 ... , the plates being cut from birefringent material in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the material and positioned with their neutral lines parallel to each other, while the polarizers are positioned with their direction of polarization at an angle of 45 degrees to the neutral lines. To provide the narrow output band it is necessary that the optical thicknesses of the plates and the intervals between the plates from a geometric progression preferably of a ratio of 2, while a geometric progression preferably of a ratio of 4 is formed by the successive thicknesses of birefringence of the plates. The polarizers may be inclined as shown at 38 in Fig. 4 in which an output reflector assembly 26 formed by the polarizers 38 and birefringent plates 36 is located within a thermostatically controlled chamber 30. The reflector assembly 26 forms a laser resonator with a fully reflective mirror 24 which houses an active medium 20 - pumped by an optical source 28. A polarizer 32 may be included in the output path 34. By changing the controlled temperature of the reflector assembly the narrow band output may be adjustably tuned. The output may be c.w. or pulsed, and the active medium may be a liquid dye such as rhodamine B or 6G, fluorescein or coumarin, or a rod of YAG or Nd-doped glass.
Patent GB-1235808-A (GB)
Title: Methods of exposing and processing radiation sensitive elements
IPC: H01L49/02
Filed: 1968-05-21
Abstract: 1,235,808. Printed circuits. TEEG RESEARCH Inc. 21 Aug., 1969 [20 June, 1967], No. 43777/69. Divided out of 1,234,302. Heading H1R. [Also in Division G2] Printed circuits are produced by exposing a photosensitive material 510<SP>1</SP> to a mask having non-transmissive areas 524 and terminal portions 552 and transmissive areas 522. The photosensitive material comprises a non-electrically conductive support 546, a metal layer 512 and a photosensitive layer 514 which reacts with the metal layer at the boundary to reduce the adhesion of the layers. The exposed photosensitive layer at areas 522 is removed by means of an adhesive tape and the material is heated to cause reaction between the metal and remaining photosensitive areas which removes some of the metal at these areas to leave the printed circuit of Fig. 10.
Patent GB-1363200-A (GB)
Title: Heat exchange system
IPC: F24F1/02
Filed: 1972-09-21
Abstract: 1363200 Air heating or cooling apparatus; heating and cooling buildings; water heaters AMANA REFRIGERATION Inc 21 Sept 1972 [1 Oct 1971] 43784/72 Headings F4S F4V F4U and F4A In an air heating or cooling apparatus 10, air entering through a duct 40 is passed through a finned heat exchange arrangement comprising a heating coil 19 and a cooling coil 64 by means of a blower 47, the resulting heated or cooled air leaving the apparatus through an outlet duct 46, e.g. to be distributed to the rooms of a building via a suitable ducting system (see Fig. 5, not shown). Heated liquid, e.g. water, is circulated through the coil 19 from a heater unit 11 by way of flow and return pipes 20 and 26 and a pump 27. The heater unit consists of a cylindrical matrix 12 comprising a plurality of tubes 13 through which liquid to be heated is circulated; the spaces between the tubes are filled with a plurality of spheres 14 bonded together and to the tubes. The liquid is heated by combustion gases from a central burner 15 which gases flow outwardly through the spaces between the spheres. Fuel is supplied to the heater 11 through a solenoid valve 16 and pressure regulator 15. A blower 17 supplies a fuel-air mixture to the burner. The upper end of the heating coil 19 is connected to an expansion tank 21 via a pipe 20. The cooling coil 64 is the expansion coil of a refrigerating circuit incorporating a compressor 60 and an air-cooled condenser 62 cooled by means of a separate fan 65. Circuitry (see Fig. 6, not shown) including a manually operated heat-cool selection switch (90) and a two temperature thermostat (83) located in a room of the building is provided to control operation of the apparatus. Burner operation is controlled through a module (99) incorporating an igniter (101). The burner shuts off when the temperature of the heated liquid leaving the heater, as sensed by a temperature control (97), exceeds a preset value.
Patent GB-1520029-A (GB)
Title: Combustion detection device
IPC: G08B17/11
Filed: 1975-10-25
Abstract: 1520029 Fire alarms UNITEC Inc 25 Oct 1975 43988/75 Heading G4N A fire alarm system comprises an ionization detector 16 providing an output indicative of products of combustion, means 23, 27, for comparing the output of the detector with a predetermined reference to provide an output if this reference is exceeded, and trigger means including semi-conductor means 160 and 161 connected between two loads 7, 8 of an input power supply for receiving the output of the comparator means to short these leads and provide an alarm indication. As shown, the junction between closed and open ionization chambers 18, 19 is connected to the gate of a JFET 23 whose source provides one output to an operational amplifier 27, its other input being connected to a reference potential. The semi-conductor means comprise a transistor 160 having its base connected to the drive output 6 of amplifier 27 and a transistor 161 having its base connected to the sink output of amplifier 27 and to the collector of transistor 160. When an output is provided by amplifier 27, upon sensing of a fire, transistor 160 is caused to conduct and this essentially shorts the leads 7, 8 through a LED 47 and transistor 160. Transistor 161 then starts to conduct and is connected so that transistors 160, 161 will remain conductive until power to the apparatus is discontinued.
Patent GB-1320213-A (GB)
Title: Manufacturing tubing
IPC: B29C48/49
Filed: 1970-09-15
Abstract: 1320213 Surgical tubes SHERWOOD MEDICAL INDUSTRIES Inc 15 Sept 1970 [13 Oct 1969] 44006/70 Heading A5R [Also in Divisions B5 and F2] A tube is extruded (see Division B4-5) from plastics material e.g. polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polypropylene, with different hardness, opacity, or X-ray sensitivity characteristics along its length obtained by varying the volume delivery to the extrusion means, from separate extrusion sources, of each of two or three plastics having the different characteristics. In the Fig. 7 embodiment, the proportion of the tube wall thickness comprising either of the plastics 117, 119 is periodically varied along its lengths between unity and zero, and in the Fig. 8 embodiment the tube 60, which comprises alternate lengths of harder 74 and soft plastics 78, is cut at 81 to produce a tube having a soft and a stiff end and a tube of this nature may be used in artificial kidney connections to the patient, as a Yankauer suction tube set, a suction catheter, a trocar catheter, a verous-arterial cannulae, an arterial-verous shunt used in hemodialysis, and as a device for chest drainage, urinary drainage, and as feeding devices.
Patent GB-1004589-A (GB)
Title: Process of manufacturing a semiconductor element
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1961-12-08
Abstract: 1,004,589. Semi-conductor devices. COMPAGNIE FRANCAISE THOMSONHOUSTON. Dec. 8, 1961 [Dec. 8, 1960], No. 44057/61. Heading H1K. A PNIP or NPIN monocrystalline element is made from a monocrystal wafer containing at least one impurity characteristic of one conductivity type by bringing it into contact with a melt containing impurity of said one type in such amount that the material recrystallizing on the wafer is of intrinsic conductivity. When a sufficiently thick intrinsic layer has formed a donor and an acceptor impurity are added to the melt, the impurity of the one type having the lower diffusion coefficient and the impurity amounts being such that subsequently recrystallizing material is of the one type. During recrystallization the opposite type impurity diffuses into the intrinsic layer to form a layer of opposite conductivity type. Typically a PNIP element is formed from a grown monocrystalline P-type germanium wafer containing 10<SP>18</SP> atoms/c.c. of indium by dipping in a melt of 5 ohm cm. P-type germanium. After recrystallizing an intrinsic layer therefrom suitable amounts of gallium and antimony are added to the melt and recrystallization continued to form a P zone. During this operation antimony diffuses into the intrinsic layer to form an intermediate N-type layer. In a method of making an NPIN element an N-type silicon base wafer is used and the roles of the donor and acceptor impurities reversed. The melt is in this case formed on the upper surface of the wafer and recrystallized there. Specifications 963,275 and 1,004,588 are referred to.
Patent GB-1156991-A (GB)
Title: Photoelectric Position Measuring or Control Systems
IPC: G01D5/38
Filed: 1966-10-03
Abstract: 1,156,991. Measuring position photoelectrically. OERLIKON-BUHRLE HOLDING Ltd. Oct.3, 1966 [Oct.2, 1965], No.44096/66. Heading G1A A photo-electric position measuring system comprises a transparent element traversing a beam of light at a constant distance from the source of the light, the transparent element having a grating in part of a front face so that the intensity of light passing through varies as the transparent element moves the remaining part of the front face being of constant transparency, a photo-cell receiving light through the grating and means for regulating the intensity of the light source in response to a photo-cell exposed to light passing through the constant transparency part of the front face. Light from a lamp 17 of a measuring microscope 16 fixed to a machine-tool bed is focused on to a scale 24 on the face 21 of a prism carried by machine-tool table 1 to form an image 29 of the scale on a ground-glass screen 28. Behind the screen are located photo-cells 30, 31 which locate a scale mark by being equally illuminated when symmetrically placed relative to the mark. A photo-cell 32 receives light which has passed through the same optical system as that reaching photo-cells 30 and 31, but which has not encountered the scale 24. The output of cell 32 is compared with a constant voltage derived from a zener diode fed by a battery and any difference controls the voltage fed to the lamp 17 to keep the intensity of light on cell 32 constant. A meter monitors the lamp voltage to indicate when cleaning of the optical system or checking of the lamp is necessary. A screen, mounted on rollers secured to the table 1 and attached to the microscope by a pin, minimises the ingress of contamination and extraneous light.
Patent GB-1140337-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to scanning electron microscopes
Inventor: DRIVER MICHAEL CHARLES
IPC: H01J37/05
Filed: 1967-09-28
Abstract: 1,140,337. Electron microscopes. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. 28 Sept., 1967, No. 44223/67. Heading H1D. In a scanning electron microscope having means 2 for holding a specimen 1 in the path of the electron beam 3, the specimen is confined within an electrically conducting enclosure at least a part of which is in the form of a mesh screen 5 provided with an aperture for the incident beam to pass through, and a scintillator 7 is arranged within line of sight of the specimen and is capable of being moved to two positions subtending respectively a maximum and a minimum solid angle at the specimen, a photomultiplier 9 being arranged to receive radiation from the scintillator when it is in either position. The scintillator 7 may comprise a mesh with the interstices filled with a green phosphor, and when it is in the position 7<SP>1</SP> shown in dotted lines it responds to back scattered electrons. In the other position it is given a positive potential and responds to secondary electrons emitted from the target, the faster back scattered electron being insufficiently deflected to reach it. In this mode of operation the screen 5 may be given a negative potential to cut off the slower secondary electrons, and this potential may be modulated with an alternating voltage. To prevent space change effects a second mesh 6 may be arranged within the first and maintained at a small positive potential. The meshes 5 and 6 are preferably hemispherical, as shown, and may be of nickel having an optical transmission factor of about 80%.
Patent GB-1071429-A (GB)
Title: Semi-conductor components
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1964-10-30
Abstract: 1,071,429. Semi-conductor device. SIEMENS-SCHUCKERTWERKE A.G. Oct. 30, 1964 [Oct. 31, 1963], No. 44447/64. Heading H1K. A semi-conductor device comprising a body of semi-conductor material, a housing enclosing the body in gas-tight fashion, a layer of solder fixing a surface of the semi-conductor to a part of the housing and a stressed resilient means maintaining a pressure of 0.2 to 2 Kg/mm.<SP>2</SP> between the layer of solder and the semi-conductor. A copper housing 1 having fins 2 has an annulus of steel 4 soldered 7 to its upper part. A semiconductor body 8 having doped zones and being coated with N: and Pb is mounted in the housing I with solder 9. Above the body 8 is another solder layer 10 upon which is mounted a silver-plated copper body 11 having a flange 12a and connector part 12. A ceramic insulating annulus 13 lies above the body 11 and is pressed down thereon by an arched saddle spring 14 above which is a steel retaining ring 15 having an insulating glass bushing 16 at its centre. A gas tight fit is achieved using an ironnickel sleeve 17 and a solder ring 18 whilst the ring 15 may be welded to annulus 4. The fins 2 on the body 1 enable the body to bite into the bore of a framework or other body upon which it is mounted.
Patent GB-1479615-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle transmission assembly including an eddy current retarder
IPC: H02K49/02
Filed: 1974-10-14
Abstract: 1479615 Eddy current brakes LABAVIASGE 14 Oct 1974 [15 Oct 1973] 44527/74 Heading H2A In a vehicle transmission wherein a first jaw 22 of a universal joint is fixed to a shaft 31 projecting from a casing 4 and is coupled to a second jaw 22<SP>1</SP> by a spider 25 having two pairs of trunnions received in pairs of bearings 24 on the respective jaws 22, 22<SP>1</SP>, an eddy current brake has a field stator 1 attached to the casing 4 and has a rotor with at least one ferromagnetic annular armature 9, 10 mounted on a plate 19 secured to the shaft 31, and the jaw 22 includes a first portion 27 integrally formed with the plate 19, and also a second portion 26 which is detachably secured to the first portion 27 and which at least partly forms each bearing 24 in the jaw 22. In the arrangement shown, the portions 26, 27 are secured together by bolts 28 screwed into threaded holes 29 in an end flange 30 of the shaft 31. In the arrangement of Figs. 3, 4 (not shown), each bearing of the first jaw is formed in one portion only (36) of this jaw, and the two portions (35, 36) of the jaw are coupled by a projection (37) and a recess (38) in order to transmit torque. In a further arrangement (not illustrated), the shaft end, the mounting plate for the rotor, and the associated jaw portion, i.e. the equivalents to members 31, 19 and 27 in Fig. 1, are formed integrally.
Patent GB-1076623-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for vehicles intended for measuring and/or correcting the lateral positionof railway tracks
IPC: B61K9/08
Filed: 1964-11-03
Abstract: 1,076,623. Track curve measuring apparatus. F. PLASSER [trading as FRANZ PLASSER BAHNBAUMASCHINEN]. Nov.3, 1964 [Nov.29, 1963], No.44743/64. Heading G1F. Vehicles 1 used for measuring and connecting the lateral position of railway tracks are equipped with rams 6 to engage with the inner sides of the webs or heads one or the other of the rails 3, 4 so as to ensure that the wheel sets 2 of the vehicles bear against the inner side of the opposite rail. A plurality of vehicles 1 are provided connected by rigid coupling bars 5. The rams 6 are mounted for actuation by pistons 8 slidable in hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 9 incorporating return springs 10. The cylinders 9 on one side of the vehicles are coupled by a conduit 11 and on the other side by a conduit 12, a valve 13 being provided to actuate the rams 6 on one or the other side of the vehicles. The rams may be provided with wheels or rollers at their free ends if desired. The rams locate the vehicles with respect to one rail so that the lateral position of the track may be measured.
Patent GB-986440-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric switches actuated by rotational movement
IPC: H01H19/62
Filed: 1962-11-27
Abstract: 986,440. Interrupters. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Nov. 27, 1962 [Nov. 29, 1961], No. 44802/62. Heading H2B. In a limit switch, the time of operating of a switch 33 may be controlled by adjusting a screw 55, in a slot 57, the screw being attached to a support plate 47 in which a cam follower arm 31 is pivoted. The cam follower 31 has a plate 75 which actuates a plunger 73 of the switch when the cam follower roller 43 rides the high dwell 37 of a cam 29. The arcuate slot 57 and plate 75 are concentric with the cam-shaft 22 and are both of the same length. The housing 77 contains a plurality of switches individually adjustable and operable by separate cams and cam-followers.
Patent GB-1370866-A (GB)
Title: Process of treating calcium silicate
IPC: C08G83/00
Filed: 1972-09-27
Abstract: 1370866 Preserving cement structures CIMENTS LAFARGE 29 Sept 1972 [18 Feb 1972] 45115/72 Addition to 1285418 Heading C1H [Also in Division C3] The resistance to corrosive agents and weather of building materials containing cements, mortars and concretes containing calcium silicate is improved by replacing a proportion of the calcium atoms of the silicate with organosilicon groups by a grafting process comprising intimately contacting calcium silicate with an hydrolysable organosilane in an acidic methanol reaction medium containing a calcium salt, preferably calcium chloride, dissolved therein in an amount less than its saturated concentration.