Patent GB-592442-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the electrodeposition of tin
IPC: C25D3/32
Filed: 1944-08-23
Abstract: Polyethers of the general formula <FORM:0592442/IV/1> where X is oxygen or NH, R1 and R4 are hydrogen, an hydroxy group or a monovalent organic radical, R2 and R3 are bivalent hydrocarbon radicals and n, n1 and n11 are integers, are employed as addition agents in a tin electroplating bath.  Polyalkylene oxides which do not have a terminal substituent may be prepared by heating the monomeric oxide in the presence of a catalyst, if necessary under pressure, until a substantial amount of the polymer is formed; the alkylene oxides employed may be oxides of propylene, butylene, cyclohexene and styrene, but ethylene oxide is preferred. Polyalkylene oxides having terminal constituents may be prepared by condensing suitable compounds with the alkylene oxide using a large number of moles of the latter to each mole of the former.  Suitable compounds for reaction with the polyethylene oxide include monohydric alcohols of the type ROH such as methyl, cetyl and octadecyl alcohols, phenyl ethyl alcohol and octadecenyl alcohol; polyhydric alcohols of the type R(OH)x such as ethylene glycol, sorbitol or penta-erythritol; aldehydes of the type R.CHO such as acetaldehyde, myristic aldehyde, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde; monocarboxylic acids of the type R.COOH such as acetic, stearic, benzoic and undecylenic acids; polycarboxylic acids of the type R(COOH)x such as oxalic, maleic and phthalic acids; acetals of the type RCH(OR1)2 such as acetal or phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal; phenols of the type ROH such as phenol, catechol, naphthol and erisol; amines of the type R.NH2 such as ethylamine and aniline; amides of the type R.CONH2 such as formamide, benzamide and stearic amide; ketones of the type RCO.R1 such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or acetophenone; and unsaturated compounds containing an ethylenic or acetylenic linkage.  The polyether employed may be a polydioxolane, e.g. a polymer of 1,3-dioxolane or the reaction product of 1,3-dioxolane with a material from the group consisting of organic acids, their esters and dehydration products, alcohols, phenols, glycols, amides, ketones, ethers, fatty acid oils and nitriles.  Specific examples of the preparation of polyethers are: (i) Polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene oxide are reacted to obtain a brown gummy product.  (ii) 0.3 gms. of metallic sodium are added to 28.2 gms. of cetyl alcohol in a reaction tube and the mixture heated at 160 DEG  C.  The reaction tube is swept out with dry nitrogen after which a slow stream of ethylene oxide is bubbled into the alcohol maintained at 160-170 DEG  C. for 6 hours.  A white pasty semi-solid material which dissolves readily in water is obtained.  (iii) Phenol is reacted with ethylene oxide to produce an amber-coloured liquid which dissolves readily in water. (iv) 1 mol. of betanaphthol is reacted with 5 mols. of ethylene oxide to form a product C10H7O(-C2H4-)5H.  (v) 1 mol. of beta-naphthol is reacted with 15 mols. of ethylene oxide.  (vi) Four different products are obtained by reacting octadecyl alcohol with ethylene oxide in the ratios 1 : 9, 1 : 11, 1 : 17, 1 : 20. (vii) Aniline and ethylene oxide are reacted to form a dark red liquid.  (viii) Tannic acid and ethylene oxide are reacted together.  (ix) Octadecenyl alcohol and propylene oxide are reacted to form a colourless liquid. (x) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with ethylene glycol to form a white, waxy solid of average molecular weight 5000.  (xi) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with phenol to form a dark red, gummy solid.  (xii) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with lauryl alcohol to form a white, pasty solid.  (xiii) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with stearic acid to form a white, waxy solid.  (xiv) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with adipic acid to form a water-white liquid.  (xv) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with methyl alcohol to form a water-white liquid.  (xvi) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with a mixture of isobutanol and n-propanol to form a light yellow-coloured liquid.  (xvii) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with acetone to form a clear colourless liquid.  (xviii) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with methoxy methanol to form a clear colourless liquid.  (xix) 1,3-Dioxolane is reacted with methyl glucoside to form a honey-coloured liquid.  (xx) Dioxolane is reacted with vinyl acetate. Other polyethers which may be used are: (i) polymerization products obtained by contacting the vapour of an alkylene oxide with a solid non-metallic inorganic catalyst; (ii) viscous polyhydroxy alcohols having part of the hydroxyl groups etherified by a monohydroxy alkyl group; (iii) the condensation product of a water-insoluble monomeric organic compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino compounds containing at least six carbon atoms and one reactive hydrogen atom with a polyglycol compound containing at least four ethenoxy groups; (iv) a product obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound in the presence of an inert organic liquid; (v) a product obtained by introducing ethylene oxide or propylene oxide into a solution of tannic acid at 0-10 DEG  C.; (vi) glycol and polyglycol ethers of isocyclic hydroxyl compounds; (vii) the product of condensation of urea with up to 55 molecular proportions of ethylene oxide. Specifications 346,550, 380,431, 420,137, 420,518, 434,424 and 566,633, [Group XXXVI], are referred to.