baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-948057-A (GB)
Title: A process for the synthesis of maleic anhydride
Filed: 1960-05-03
Abstract: Maleic anhydride is made by introducing a mixture of benzene vapour and air into a primary reaction vessel containing a conventional catalyst, controlling by temperature the normal reaction for the production of maleic anhydride in said vessel so that the yield of maleic anhydride is an amount corresponding to 32 to 38% of the initial amount of benzene measured by the ratio of the observed value to the theoretical value of carbon dioxide evolved and after recovering maleic anhydride causing the gas containing unreacted benzene, from which maleic anhydride produced has been removed, to react again in a secondary reaction vessel at a higher temperature than in the primary reaction vessel so that maleic anhydride in an amount corresponding to 32 to 38% of the initial amount of benzene may be produced. The maleic anhydride may be recovered from outlet gas in both steps by washing with a solvent such as water, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, diethyl isophthalate or the dimethyl ester of endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid.  Examples use a catalyst prepared from ammonium vanadate, ammonium molybdate and oxalic acid and applied to pumice stone.  The temperatures used in primary and secondary steps in the examples are (1) 350 DEG  and 390 DEG C., (2) 390 DEG C. and 410 DEG C., (3) 390 DEG C. and 430 DEG C.
Patent GB-481586-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to temperature control
IPC: B01J19/00
Filed: 1936-06-05
Abstract: <PICT:0481586/III/1> An apparatus for carrying out chemical processes comprises one or more receptacles for normally solid material to be maintained in the liquid state, which receptacles are provided with heat exchange means for the passage of temperature controlling medium, a heating system for vaporizing the temperature controlling medium and connections for circulating the vaporized medium from the heating system to the heat exchange means and for returning condensed medium to the heating system, means for forcing the return of the condensed medium to the heating system and a container for holding temperature controlling medium in the liquid phase in the connection for the return of the condensed medium to the heating system.  The apparatus may be used for producing a leadsodium alloy by the method of the divisional Specification 481,498, [Group II], comprises a liquid lead pot 1, a liquid lead scale tank 2, a liquid sodium scale tank 5, an alloy manufacturing pot 3 and a storage pot 4, melted lead being pumped from the lead pot to the lead scale tank and thence to the manufacturing pot, molten sodium being charged to the manufacturing pot from its scale tank, and the resulting lead sodium alloy being pumped to the storage pot and from thence to a cooled grinder.  The pots, tanks and connecting pipes are provided with jackets for the circulation of the temperature controlling medium which is diphenyl and/or diphenyl oxide.  The temperature controlling system comprises a steam heated melting tank 13, a storage tank 14, a boiler 15 and pipes 16 and 17 for distributing the vaporous and returning the liquid diphenyl compound.  The return of the condensed medium is assisted by injectors 18 and 19 operated by liquid medium delivered by a pump 27 and pipes 20, 21 and 22.  Pipes 29 and 30 are connected to the pipes 16 and 17 and supply the medium to the jackets surrounding the connecting pipes (not shown) conveying the molten metals.  A circuit is also provided whereby relatively cool liquid medium from the melting tank 13 may be delivered by a pump 28 through a pipe 23 to the jacket of the manufacturing pot 3, being returned to the tank 13 through a line 24 and a cooler 25.  The alternative heating or cooling of the manufacturing pot is controlled by operating valves 23a, 35, 33 and 39.  A drip tank 32 is interposed in the return circuit of the medium from the jackets of the vessels 2, 3 and 4 and a pump 26 is interposed between the melting tank 13 and the storage tank 14.  The vapour leaving the boiler through the pipe 16 may be diphenyl at a temperature of 400 DEG  C. and a pressure of 160 lb. per square inch or diphenyl oxide at the same temperature and a pressure of 146 lb. per square inch.  The melting tank has a temperature of 125 DEG  C. and the storage tank a temperature of 375 DEG  C.  All pipe lines &c. which carry the diphenyl heating medium are provided with steam chaser lines to provide means for melting out the solidified medium after shut down periods.
Patent GB-476490-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic brake operating mechanism for vehicles
IPC: B60T13/14
Filed: 1936-06-05
Abstract: 476,490. Controlling motor vehicles. PARMENTER, F., [Representative of PAYNE, M.]. June 5, 1936, No. 15785. [Class 79 (v)] [Also in Group XXXIV] An arrangement for using the lubricating pump of the engine of a motor vehicle as a source of energy for operating a constantcirculation hydraulic brake comprises a reducing valve B between the outlet of the lubricating pump of the engine and the brake cylinder C, which prevents loss of pressure in the lubricating system when the brakes are not in use. The valve B comprises a valve member 5 adapted to be opened by pressure exerted on bellows 7. This pressure is transmitted from the brake cylinder C when the brake is operated. The valve is adapted to be held closed by a spring 6. An accumulator 2 and check valve 1 are provided between the pump and the valve B. A safety valve 20 is provided to prevent development of excessive pressure.
Patent GB-248978-A (GB)
Title: Device for transforming the expansion of bodies due to heat into a rotary movement
Filed: 1925-06-18
Abstract: 248,978. Kirkland, J. W., (Allgemeine, Elektricitõts Ges.). June 18, 1925. Thermal switches.-A shaft 10, supported at 11, is rotated by the expansion of rods 14, 15 under the influence of heat. The rods 14, 15 are connected at their lower ends by a crosspiece 16 and are suspended from the shaft 10 by ball bearings the inner races of which are concentric with the axis about which the shaft 10 rotates in the case of the rods 14, but are eccentric with this axis in the case of the rod 15. The eccentricity may be produced by an eccentric on the shaft or by the shaft being cranked. The rod 15 has a greater coefficient of expansion than the rods 14, so that when the rods are heated the upper end of the rod 15 will move upwards and cause the shaft 10 to rotate. The device may be used to operate an electric switch or for other purposes.
Patent GB-1406789-A (GB)
Title: Surface sterilization
IPC: A61L2/12
Filed: 1973-04-03
Abstract: 1406789 Microwave sterilisation WAVE ENERGY SYSTEMS INC 3 April 1973 15841/73 Heading A5G The surfaces of materials or articles, e.g. surgical instruments, are sterilised by microwave radiation in a conventional microwave oven after having been sealed in a container at least partly transparent to the sterilising radiation together with a source of water vapour sufficient to create at least 50% relative humidity inside the container during irradiation. Suitable sources are water, and saline solution which may be allowed to evaporate into the air in the container or which may be "aerosolized" to give a "super-saturated" atmosphere. An additional sterilising gas may be introduced into the container to assist in sterilising the materials or articles.
Patent GB-1001298-A (GB)
Title: Heat exchanger
IPC: C10G9/20
Filed: 1963-04-23
Abstract: 1,001,298. Gas heaters. INDUSTRIE-COMPANIE KLEINEWEFERS KONSTRUKTIONS HANDELS GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. April 23, 1963 [July 19, 1962], No. 15917/63. Heading F4S. A heat exchanger intended for heating gaseous media comprises a radiation component and a convection component arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the heating medium and both consisting of coiled pipes, the coils of the radiation component being of differing coil diameter; and the coils of the two components being connected together by vertical tubes, e.g. 11, 12, whereby the radiation component is suspended from the convection component to permit of differential expansion. As shown, the heat exchanger casing 2, has a burner opening 4, an outlet 5 through which the burner gases are discharged, coils 7 and 8 constituting the radiation component and coils 9 and 10 constituting the convection component, at the same height as which is deflection means 6. The windings of the radiation component vary, such that windings of larger diameter are disposed near the inner wall surface of the heat exchanger casing and below those of smaller diameter.
Patent GB-886488-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to variable resistors and potentiometers
Inventor: VINCENT RUSSELL SWALE
IPC: H01C10/26
Filed: 1957-05-20
Abstract: 886,488. Inverting. PLESSEY CO. Ltd. May 20, 1958 [May 20, 1957], No. 15998/57. Class 38 (2). [Also in Group XXXVI] A potentiometer (see Group XXXVI) may be used as an inverter by rotating the track at a constant angular velocity relative to three fixed contacts. In a first form, Figs. 7, 8, a base 44 carries an arcuate resistive track 45 joined at one end to an inner circular conductive track 46 and at the other end to an outer conductive circular track 47, and is rotatably mounted with respect to a second base carrying three contact elements 53, 51, 52 which engage with the three tracks respectively. If a D.C. potential is applied between contact elements 51, 52 and the base 44 driven at a constant angular velocity a saw-tooth wave-form is produced at contact element 53. In a second embodiment suitable for producing a sinewave output, Figs. 9, 10, a base 57 has mounted on it a circular track having a low resistance portion 58 extending over 120 degrees, a high resistance portion 59 extending over 120 degrees, and two 60 degree portions 60 of intermediate resistance value, and is rotatably mounted with respect to a second base carrying three contact elements 62, 63, 64 mounted at angular displacements of 120 degrees. If a D.C. potential is applied between two of the contact elements, and the base 57 rotated at constant angular velocity, an approximately sinusoidal output may be obtained at the third terminal. Protective resistors may be included in the external D.C. to limit the current. Specification 853,947 is referred to.
Patent GB-991413-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of hydrogen peroxide
Inventor: HOWE BRIAN KEITH
IPC: C01B15/023
Filed: 1961-05-03
Abstract: A process for regenerating the hydrogen peroxide producing capacity of a solution comprising an anthraquinone dissolved in an organic solvent therefor which capacity has become diminished through use in a process for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide involving hydrogenating the anthraquinone, oxidizing the resultant anthrahydroquinone, separating by aqueous extraction the H2O2 so formed and recycling the so treated solution to the hydrogenation step, or for regenerating the H2O2 producing capacity of solids derived from the anthraquinone and separated from such a solution and redissolved, wherein at least a portion of the solution while in the oxidized anthraquinone state or of said redissolved solids being of the chemical composition which obtains in the cycle after aqueous extraction and before hydrogenation, is contacted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide of a concentration between 8N and 17N in the presence of an oxidizing agent capable of supplying oxygen to the solution or said redissolved solids.  The solution after treatment may be washed with water prior to returning to the cycle. The oxidizing agent may be used in amount sufficient to yield a weight of oxygen at least equal to 3.5% of the solid material other than anthraquinone and tetrahydroanthraquinone.  The process is preferably carried out in conjunction with treatment of the degraded solution with a bed of particulate solid material, e.g. artificial aluminosilicate or activated alumina.  Quinones mentioned are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and butyl anthraquinones, e.g. 2 ethyl-anthraquinone and 2 tertbutylanthraquinone.  Solvents specified: methyl naphthalene with diisobutyl carbinol, esters of cyclohexanol with aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. xylene and cyclohexyl acetate, aliphatic ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatic ketones, and aromatic alcohols and their esters. Hydrogenation catalysts may be Raney nickel or palladium or an inert support, e.g. alumina, silica gel, sodium aluminium silicate, silica alumina, calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide or hydroxide.  The oxidizing agent may be oxygen or a gas containing free oxygen, or hydrogen peroxide supplied to the alkali treatment by lowering the efficiency of the H2O2 extraction. Specifications 465,070 and 838,939 are referred to.
Patent GB-1221425-A (GB)
Title: Railings
Inventor: WATKINS CECIL
IPC: E01F13/00
Filed: 1967-04-07
Abstract: 1,221,425. Railings. WILLIAMS & WILLIAMS (RELIANCE HOLDINGS) Ltd. 29 March, 1968 [7 April, 1967], No. 16105/67. Heading E1B. In a railing assembly a fencing panel comprising upper 3 and lower (4) longitudinal box section members and intermediate vertical box section members 5 secured therebetween by spigot members comprising two ears 21 projection welded to the longitudinal members and secured in the ends of the members 5 by stainless steel pins 23, is secured to, spaced vertical standards 1 by spigot members 6 having tapered portions engaging the ends of the longitudinal members. The spigot members are secured to the standards by bolts passing through elongated slots 10 which allow vertical adjustment of the spigots relative to the standards. Butyl mastic sealing material 9 is extruded into a groove in the spigot members. The ends of the horizontal member are cut out to cover the top of the post and the gap therebetween is sealed with extruded butyl mastic. The tapering of the spigots allows for slight inclinations of longitudinal members, but skewed spigots may be provided for sharp curves or steeper inclinations. In a second embodiment the plate portion 8 is dispensed with, the connecting bolt passing directly through slots in the spigots so that the bolts are concealed within the longitudinal members.
Patent GB-570714-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical connectors and like fittings
IPC: H01R13/648
Filed: 1943-10-04
Abstract: 570,714. Two-part couplings. LOEBL, F. S., LOEBL, R., and LOBLITE, Ltd. Oct. 4, 1943, No. 16215). [Class 38 (i)] A socket connector having a divided body X of mounted plastic material is fitted with a heat-resisting block A<*> of porcelain &c. in which are tubular recesses A for housing the contacts E. an extension B on the block forming a partition between the terminals C of the contacts. The block is mounted in a divided body X, the halves of which are secured together by screws G that also hold in place a pair of external earthing contacts H pressed apart by a spring f housed in a cavity K. An earthing terminal F exposed through a slot F* so as to be accessible from the exterior connects one of the contacts H to a lead F<1>. The contacts H may be reinforced by blade springs instead of the helical spring J.
Patent GB-444448-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in cowlings for air cooled aircraft engines
IPC: F01P7/02
Filed: 1935-06-04
Abstract: 444,448. Cowlings for aircraft engines. GERIN, J., 24, Rue de la Tourelle, Boulogne, France. June 4, 1935, No. 16223. Convention date, June 4, 1934. [Class 4] In aircraft having air-cooled engines in which the cylinders are arranged in the space between an outer cowling and an inner cowling extended in its front part by the air-screw spinner, a deflector is arranged in the space in which the cylinders are exposed to the airstream and behind the cylinders for directing the air which has cooled the cylinders towards definitely positioned outlets in the outer cowling. In one form, Fig. 1, a radial engine is completely surrounded by an outer cowling 1 which completes the streamline form of the fuselage. An inner cowling 3 encloses the central part of the engine having an annular space 4 between itself and cowling 1 into which the cylinder heads project. The air streams passing the spinner 5 are deflected into this annular space 4 by streamline formation la of cowling 1. Some of the airstreams are also directed within cowling 3 by its leading edge 3a and escape into the annular space 4 by vents 7. Cowling 1 is cut out in the desired zones to form openings 8 and the rear edge of cowling 3 is brought flush with the periphery of the fuselage in these zones, deflectors 9 guiding the heated outlet air therethrough, as shown in sectional plan view in Fig. 2. In a modification, Fig. 3, outer cowling 1 is for the greater part of its diameter spaced away from fuselage 2 whilst inner cowling 3 forms an exact extension of fuselage 2 over the greater part of its periphery but is offset at the upper side where a baffle 9 is located. Outer cowling 1 which surrounds cowling 2 and defines a space 4 into which the engine cylinders project is co-extensive with the fuselage at its upper side over the length of baffle 9 but is spaced away from the fuselage over the remainder of its periphery, thus defining a crescent-shaped outlet through which cooling air is deflected by baffle 9. An application to a " lifting " fuselage is described in which the heated air is directed laterally of the fuselage so as not to disturb the air flow over the intrados and extrados surfaces. Fig. 8 shows a lifting fuselage or aerofoil having two engines fitted at the leading edge which is shaped as shown at 17. In this case outer cowlings 20 are constituted by the leading edge itself, baffles 18 fitted in the space between cowlings 20 and inner cowlings 16 directing outlet air through outlets 19 formed in the intrados, extrados, and lateral surfaces of the fuselage or aerofoil.
Patent GB-588084-A (GB)
Title: Combustion engine with ammonia injection
IPC: F02C7/04
Filed: 1942-11-17
Abstract: 588,084. Internal-combustion engines and turbines; air compressors. WHITTLE. F. Nov. 17, 1942, No. 16278. [Classes 110 (i) and 110 (iii)] [Also in Group XXVII] The power of an internal-combustion engine or a gas turbine is temporarily increased by the injection of liquid ammonia into the ingoing air. The drawing shows an application to a jetpropulsion plant for aircraft which includes a centrifugal compressor with inlets 1, combustion chambers 3, turbine and propulsion pipe 4. Fuel is supplied from a tank 5, by a gear-wheel pump 6 past a throttle valve 8, a valve 9, a governor control 10 and a stop valve I], to the burners 7B. The throttle valve 8 is fully open when the control lever 13 is in the position 13c. When the lever is moved to 13B, an ammonia valve 17B is opened and gas passes from a bottle 16 by pipes 17 to the compressor inlets. This flow of ammonia is stopped at a valve 19 if the pressure of the fuel supply in pipe 7E fails. The pressure of the ammonia, acting on a piston 18A closes valves 14A, 15A, so stopping the supply of air to the pilot's cabin and of cooling air to the bearings during the flow of ammonia. The piston 18A also throttles the fuel supply at valve 9 to compensate for the fuel value of the ammonia. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 578,766.
Patent GB-1023872-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of linear polyesters
IPC: C08G63/60
Filed: 1963-04-25
Abstract: Linear polyesters are made by polycondensing a bis-glycol ester of a dicarboxylic acid in the presence of a metal salt of an acid imide as catalyst.  Specified catalysts are the Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, La, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Sb, Bi, Mn and Co salts of phthalimide, 1 :8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid imide, pyromellitic acid di-imide and succinimide. The bis-glycol esters are preferably made by reesterifying a diester of a dicarboxylic and a glycol and as catalyst for the pre-esterification there may be used either (a) a metal salt of an acid imide, possibly of a metal different from that used as polycondensation catalyst, or (b) zinc acetate.  Specified dicarboxylic acids are adipic, sebacic, trans-1 : 2 - cyclobutanedicarboxylic, terephthalic, 1 : 4 - naphthalene dicarboxylic, 4 : 41 - diphenyl dicarboxylic, 4 : 41-sulphonyl dibenzoic and 2 : 5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid.  Specified glycols are ethylene glycol and its homologues, diethylene glycol, 2 : 2-dimethylpropane diol and 1 : 4-dimethylol cyclohexane. Examples describe the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate from dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol.
Patent GB-513757-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in regenerative heat exchanging apparatus
IPC: F23L15/02
Filed: 1938-06-01
Abstract: 513,757. Rotary regenerators. LINDEROTH, E. T. June 1, 1938, No. 16403. Convention date, June 3, 1937. [Class 64 (i)] In a rotary heat exchange apparatus of the kind comprising a rotary hollow cylinder, hollow cone or disc adapted to be rotated so that the peripheral velocity exceeds 1 meter per second, the length of the passages of flow for the air and gases counted in the direction of flow is at the most 5 per cent. of the external diameter of the rotor. Specifications 162,250, [Class 64 (i)], and 493,613 are referred to.
Patent GB-554721-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the delignification of ligno-cellulosic materials
IPC: D21C3/18
Filed: 1941-12-20
Abstract: 554,721. De-lignification of wood &c. by chlorination. DREYFUS, H. Dec. 20, 1941, No. 16441.' [Class 2 (ii)] Wood in the form of sawdust or other ligno-cellulosic material is delignified by chlorination at a temperature not exceeding 40‹ C. in suspension in finely divided form in a liquid containing available chlorine in a concentration not exceeding 2 per cent. by weight of the liquid. The ligno-cellulosic material may be boiled prior to chlorination with dilute alkali solution, and the chlorinating agent may be sodium or other hypochlorite in conjunction with an acid. Chlorination may be in two stages, the chlorination products being removed at the end of each stage.
Patent GB-236225-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to cutting apparatus with sharpening devices for continuous-rod cigarette making machines
IPC: B24B3/46
Filed: 1925-06-25
Abstract: 236,225. Bõuml, M. June 30,1924, [Convention date]. Cigarette-making machines. - Mechanism for imparting to the rotary cutters 18, 19 of continuous-rod cigarette-making machines a translatory motion, the horizontal component of which, during the cutting period, is substantially equal to that of the cigarette rod, comprises a hollow shaft 3, driven at uniform speed from the machine shaft and driving a shaft 11 passing through it at non-uniform speed. The transmission mechanism between the two shafts comprises a crank 4 and a bell-crank lever 7, 8 pivoted at 4a thereto. The arm 7 of the lever 7, 8 carries a stud 5 engaging a cam-groove 6; the arm 8 is connected by a link 9 with a crank 10 on the shaft 11. The shaft 11 carries a crank 12 on which is mounted a plate 15 also mounted on idle cranks 13, 14. The plate 15 carries the cutters 18, 19 which consequently receive from the shaft 11 a non- uniform circular motion giving the required effect. The cutters 18, 19 are rotated by belts passing' around pulleys such as 20 on the shaft. 3 and around pulleys 22, 23, and 26, the pulleys 26 being on the cutter shafts. The cigarette rod guides 30 are reciprocated bv the plate 15 by pin-and-slot mechanism 28. The cutters 18, 19 may be provided with disc or segmental blades and, in the latter case, may make one or any number of revolutions between each cutting operation.