Patent RU-2698106-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of long-dimensional object state monitoring and device for its implementation
Inventor: ZEMEROV VALERIJ NIKOLAEVICH
IPC: G01K11/32
Filed: 2019-01-16
Granted: 2019-08-22
Abstract: FIELD: monitoring and measuring equipment. 
     SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to control and measurement equipment and can be used to monitor the state of long objects, namely extended near-surface layers of lithosphere in form of sections of earth with thickness of several kilometers and area of hundreds of square kilometers, located in earthquake-prone zones on earth surface and sea bottom, in order to predict earthquakes, tsunamis, technogenic catastrophes, as well as search and exploration of minerals. Physical and mechanical characteristics of such long objects, primarily surface geometry and displacement of inner layers of the earth's crust, as well as parameters of operating seismic waves, are determined by measuring differential curvature distributions ∂K/∂S, vibration fields and temperature using gradient seismic fiber-optic cable antenna in three-dimensional space. Obtained measurement results along axis S of each antenna beam, after their photoconversion into electric signals, synchronously detect, amplify and convert said electric signals into digital form, which are register histograms. Based on these data, the basic characteristics of infrasonic and high-frequency spatial seismic waves are determined, and the hypocenter of the earthquake source is calculated. According to the disclosed method and device implementing said method, a measuring polygon is selected, from the pieces of the information and measurement fiber-optic cable by means of their umbrella connection, a cable antenna is made, four beams of which are installed crosswise on the polygon surface and one beam is fixed in the vertical well. All antenna beams are simultaneously excited from one coherent optical radiation source and characteristics of the main earthquake precursors are obtained at the outputs of all beams. At that all inputs of cable beams of this antenna through optical connectors are connected to outputs of additionally installed optical splitter, connected to output of optical amplifier of pulsed coherent laser signal, and outputs are connected to terminal devices located at the end of each cable beam, in turn, each terminal device other than its own input optical connector has an optical delay line, connecting between the first and second, additionally installed in the cable beam, similar in design to the first, five-channel optical fiber measuring line (MFL), laid in forward and reverse directions along entire length of each cable beam, arranged as first MFL in common light-reflecting shell filled with thixotropic gel with immersion properties, and output of second MFL is arranged in input connector of each cable beam. Further, outputs of second MFL all five cable beams through said connectors are connected to inputs of photodetectors unit, which through demodulator, one output of which is connected to series-connected ADC unit, FFT processor, a computing device and a video terminal, and the second output of the ADC unit is directly connected to the second input of the computing device, the third input of which is connected to the output of the buffer memory, in its turn, the second output of the computing device is connected to the input of an additionally installed satellite antenna through an additional arranged signal preparation and transmission unit. 
     EFFECT: high accuracy and selectivity of monitoring owing to wider range of data when monitoring the state of the near-surface layer of the lithosphere. 
     16 cl, 12 dwg