baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-703096-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of polymerizing chlorotrifluoroethylene
IPC: C08F14/24
Filed: 1951-06-07
Abstract: Polychlorotrifluoroethylene having a softening point above 220 DEG C. is prepared by forming a suspension of the monomer in water, the ratio of water to monomer by weight being greater than 1, together with an organic peroxy catalyst, a salt of iron, cobalt or nickel which is soluble in chlorotrifluoroethylene, and a water-soluble reducing agent, and polymerizing under autogenous pressure at a pH of 2.3 to 4 at a temperature below 35 DEG  C.  Oxygen must be excluded from the reaction.  Specified catalysts are benzoyl peroxide, tert. butyl perbenzoate, lauroyl peroxide, di-(t-butyl) dipersuccinate and diperphthalate and dichlorobenzoyl peroxide.  Suitable soluble metal salts for the redox system are iron benzoate, citrate and stearate, nickel citrate and benzoate and cobalt citrate.  Other salts of these metals may be used in conjunction with monomer-solubilizing agents, e.g. citric acid, fatty acids, benzoic acid and acetyl acetone. These salts include iron phosphates, ferrous ammonium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride, citrate, carbate, laurate and pyrophosphate, ferrous thiosulphate and thiocyanate, cobaltic chloride and sulphate, cobaltous sulphate and ammonium sulphate and nickel chloride, phosphate and sulphate.  The reducing agent may be sodium or potassium bisulphite, sodium hyposulphite, other sulphites, hydrosulphites, thiosulphates, sulphides and sulphoxolates and sulphurous acid.  The polymeric products are tough, have high softening points, and do not decompose to evolve gas visibly below 300 DEG  C.  They may be used in the production of gaskets, valve packings and electrical conductors, and, in the p  form of dispersions or solutions, to coat and impregnate fillers such as asbestos, glass fibres, aluminium powders, or sheets or hard surfaces, such as metal moulds, glass cloth and asbestos cloth, from which laminated articles may be made.  Specification 659,977 is referred to.
Patent GB-692602-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pistons of shock-absorbers
IPC: F16J1/09
Filed: 1951-06-07
Abstract: 692,602. Hydraulic dampers. BOURCIER DE CARBON, C.M.L.L. June 7, 1951 [June 13, 1950], No. 13546/51. Class 108 (iii). The piston of a direct-acting hydraulic shockabsorber has two pairs of diametrically-opposed ducts 1, 2 and 3, 4 controlled by respective oneway valves E, F, each valve permitting liquid to enter freely the inlet ends of one pair of ducts and controlling flow from the outlet ends of the other pair of ducts, the valve being formed by a single thin flat disc or a number of superposed discs, which flex under pressure of liquid at the outlet ends of the ducts along diametrically-opposed curves each having rectilinear generators disposed at right-angles to the piston axis. The discs E, F may alternatively be star-shaped, Fig. 2 (not shown), each point or prong of the star controlling flow through a respective port. Other ports opening freely between the prongs are controlled by the correspondingly-shaped lower valve E. In the construction shown in Fig. 3, the piston is cut away at X and Y so as to permit flow from arcuate ports p, q (controlled by a circular disc valve E) to escape without interference from the other valve F. The area of the piston in contact with the valve may be reduced by the provision of grooves milled in the face of the piston, adjacent, but spaced from the surface of the piston. If superposed discs are employed their diameters may progressively decrease in a direction away from the valve seat. Typical dimensions of the ports and disc thicknesses are given. The piston surface may be radially spaced from the wall of its cylinder to provide a laminar damping flow as described in Specification 686,662.
Patent GB-1508976-A (GB)
Title: Fermenter comprising a riser and a downcomer
IPC: C12M1/04
Filed: 1974-03-27
Abstract: 1508976 Aerating and circulating liquids IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 20 March 1975 [27 March 1974] 13559/74 Heading B1C [Also in Division C6] In a fermentation apparatus of the type described in Specification 1417486 comprising a riser and a down comer connected together at their upper and lower ends, the riser is in the form of a bubble column having a plurality of baffles positioned within it, the baffles are spaced apart at intervals vertically above one another and the solid part of each baffle occupies from 30% to 80% of the internal cross-sectional area of the column. The baffles may be positioned at regular intervals ranging from D/4 to D along the entire height of the column and may, for example, have circular orifices of which at least one has a diameter of not less than 0.2D, or be formed from straight members with slots between them with the width of at least one slot being not less tham 0.2D. The straight members may intersect to form grids. Alternatively the baffles may be constructed from profiled beams with I or T cross-sections. Smaller orifices may be provided in the baffles whereby to inhibit the formation of large slugs of gas underneath.
Patent GB-1198025-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for Supporting and Cooling Circuit Boards
Inventor: LOLE JOHN DENIS
IPC: H05K7/20
Filed: 1967-03-23
Abstract: 1,198,025. Cooling electrical equipment. INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS Ltd. 21 March, 1968 [23 March, 1967], No. 13705/68. Heading H1R. A circuit card carrying a plurality of circuit elements engages along one edge with an electric connector which also carries supports in which the card is slidably mounted, each support having a longitudinal passageway for a cooling fluid and a fluid outlet to enable the fluid to flow over the circuit elements. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (not shown), an electrical connector board 1 carries a contact block 2 into which card 3 engages and two metal supports 5 provided with slots into which the circuit card 3 slides so that electrical power is provided between the supports 5 and conductors along the left and right-hand edges of the panel 3. In order to cool the circuit elements when a plurality of panels 3 are mounted on a connector board 1 the supports are each provided with a longitudinal duct 13 whose upper end is closed by a cap 12 and the sides of which are provided with apertures 14. A source of cooling gas is positioned on the side of board 1 remote from the panel 3 and connected to the ducts 13 through tubes 11 so that cooling gas can flow through apertures 14 over the circuit elements. In a second embodiment, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (not shown), panel 3 is replaced by a pair of panels 15 separated by webs 16 to provide a plurality of horizontal ducts 17 communicating with a gas outlet aperture 18 in each support. Cooling gas flows through apertures 18, ducts 17 and apertures 19 formed in the panels 15 beneath circuit elements 20.
Patent GB-217234-A (GB)
Title: Printing process for the production of multicolour cinematograph films
IPC: G03C7/22
Filed: 1924-06-05
Abstract: 217,234. Schapovaloff, S. June 6, 1923, [Convention date]. Colour photography.-A process for producing a colour kinematograph film from a colour film which may be a screen film or a film having superposed monochrome images and in complementary colours, consists in directly applying to the colour film the different coatings required, each sensitive coating being separately printed through the colour film, developed and thereupon transformed into a coloured picture layer, the coloured print being finally stripped off. The colour film (emulsion side) is first coated with a thin protecting varnish coating of celluloid, rubber or the like which facilitates subsequent stripping. This coating may also contain a white, fine granular substance to diffuse the printing from the screen elements, in the case of a screen film, but this may be omitted if the sensitive coatings applied are sufficiently light dispersing. The successively printed layers may be tanned and interspaced with intermediate coatings. After the three images are printed a celluloid support layer is coated. The colour print may be perforated after, or prior to stripping from the colour film base, or the perforations of the printing film may be filled by pins before applying the celluloid support coating for the printed colour film, which will thereby be formed with perforations before stripping.
Patent GB-903907-A (GB)
Title: Internal combustion engines of the swash or wobble plate type
Inventor: CLARK CHARLES WILLIAM
IPC: F01B3/02
Filed: 1958-04-30
Abstract: 903,907. Two-stroke engines; driving gear. UNITED ENGINES Ltd. July 27, 1959 [April 30, 1958], No. 13828/58. Class 7(2) In a two-stroke opposed piston swash-plate engine the piston rods 11 pass through apertures 20 in partition walls 20a at the rear ends of the cylinders and are shaped so that they substantially seal the apertures over a major portion of their travel, whereby air or mixture entering through auxiliary inlets 19 is compressed by the pistons on their outstrokes and delivered to the scavenging receiver 6. The piston rods have thick portions lid which close the apertures 11d and thin portions 11c which open the apertures towards the end of the piston outstroke to permit the change compressed between the piston and partition 20a to flow through apertures 20 to charge 21 and then through parts 6a into the receiver 6. In a modification the charge is forced through apertures in the cylinder wall adjacent the partition 20a direct to the receiver 6. Specification 762,777 is referred to.
Patent GB-417073-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to, and to means for, the loading or feeding of conveyors
IPC: B65G65/00
Filed: 1933-05-12
Abstract: 417,073. Endless - belt conveyers. MAVOR & COULSON, Ltd., and THOMSON, J., 47, Broad Street, Mile End, Glasgow. May 12, 1933, No. 13888. [Class 78 (i).] A feeding-hopper for a conveyer has three rigid walls 1, 2, 3 and a fourth wall comprising a pair of hinged overlapping gates 5 which can be adjusted to vary the area of the discharge aperture 6a.
Patent GB-199903-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to motor road vehicles
IPC: E01H1/05
Filed: 1922-05-17
Abstract: 199,903. Fawcett, G. F., and International Motors, Ltd. May 17, 1922. Sweeping-machines. - A rotary brush a, suspended between the wheels of a motor chassis b of the commercial type, is driven through intermediate gearing from the tail end z of the main drive shaft bevond the worm of the differential gear z<1>. In the form shown, the brush is driven by chain gear u, r from a counter shaft w which is driven from the. shaft z by means of a chain y and a clutch x, the latter being automaticallv de-clutched by a pull on the cable 5 when the brush is raised from the ground. Specification 197,720 is referred to.
Patent GB-312685-A (GB)
Title: Improved manufacture of phosphorus chlorides
IPC: C01B25/10
Filed: 1929-05-04
Abstract: 312,685. Urbain, E. May 31, 1928, [Convention date]. Phosphorous chlorides. - Ferrophosphorus is treated with dry chlorine yielding a mixture of phosphorus pentachloride and ferric chloride which cannot be separated by distillation owing to the formation of a compound PCl3.FeCl3 which distils without decomposition. The chlorinated mixture or the distillation product is treated at a temperature below red heat with a further quantity of ferrophosphorus, when ferrous or ferric chloride and phosphorus trichloride are formed and may be separated by distillation. The reactions may be carried out by treating ferrophosphorus with a limited quantity of chlorine. Phosphorus trichloride may be converted into pentachloride by the action of chlorine.
Patent GB-101640-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Gas Producers.
Inventor: COUSIN PAUL ACHILLE JOSEPH
IPC: C10J3/80
Filed: 1913-12-09
Abstract: 101,640. Cousin, P. A. J. Dec. 9, 1912, [Convention date]. Grates.-In a gas-producer a step grate is provided to be used when the blast apparatus fails and the producer is worked with natural draught. As shown in Fig. 1, the producer chamber a and the ash-pit e in front of it are of rectangular cross-section, the water seal is formed by a metal part c, and the blast is supplied by a submerged transverse distributor v. When the blast fails, the discharge orifice 8 is opened, the ash-pit e is emptied of water, and the clinkers are shovelled away until it is possible to put into place a series of flat fire-bars, which are supported on ledges 9 on bearers 7 beneath the plate o supporting the front wall. In a gasproducer of circular cross-section, the blast distributor v and the ash-pit e are annular.
Patent GB-168016-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in universal joints for use in the transmission systems of motor-drivenvehicles
IPC: F16D3/78
Filed: 1921-05-19
Abstract: 168,016. Sangster, J. Y. May 19, 1921. Universal couplings. - Flexible joints for coupling driving and driven shafts, of the kind in which a disc or ring of flexible material is employed are provided with means which allow relative sliding axial movement of the shafts without flexing the disc. The flexible disc a is connected to the driving shaft c through a spider band studs b<1>, and to the driven shaft e through bolts d<1> and a spider d. The studs b<1> can slide in bushes f secured to the disc a and so permit axial movement of the shaft c, which may be the main clutch shaft, without flexing the disc.
Patent GB-865471-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to processes for making transistors
IPC: H01L29/00
Filed: 1958-05-02
Abstract: 865,471. Transistors. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION; May 2, 1958 [May 6; 1957], No. 14046/58. Class 37. A transistor is produced by diffusing an impurity into the surface of a semi-conductor body to provide a layer of one conductivity type, allaying a member containing both donor and acceptor impurities to the layer and then heating to diffuse the impurities into the body, the impurity with the higher diffusion constant producing an inner layer of said one conductivity type which merges with the first diffused layer and the other impurity providing an outer layer of opposite conductivity type. Fig. 3 shows an N-type silicon body 10 with a P-layer 11<SP>1</SP> produced by diffusion of aluminium or gallium. The emitter consists of a wire or ribbon 12 of tantalum, tungsten, or molybdenum covered with an alloy of gold (99 to 99.5%), aluminium and antimony which is alloyed to layer 11<SP>1</SP> and then maintained at a temperature of 1000 to 1300 C. for 15 to 60 minutes to diffuse the aluminium farthest into the body to form P-layer 18 which merges with 11<SP>1</SP>, while the antimony, having a lower diffusion constant results in N-type layer 13. An annular base electrode 14 bearing acceptor material is alloyed to layer 11<SP>1</SP> and the collector electrode 16 bearing a layer of gold and antimony, arsenic or phosphorus is fused to the lower side of layer 11<SP>1</SP>, to form an N-type resin 17 which penetrates layer 11<SP>1</SP> to contact the inner core of N-type body 10. The emitter alloy may alternatively consist of silver, aluminium and antimony. P-type germanium may be used instead of silicon, with indium and arsenic used as the emitter alloy, gold-antimony or tin-antimony for the base electrode and indium for the collector. Alternatively the original body may consist of intrinsic material, to form a PN1P or NPIN structure. The emitter may be in the form of an annulus, disc, strip, or split disc. The emitter alloy may be applied to wire 12 as a foil, or by dipping. The base, emitter and collector electrodes may be fused to the body simultaneously.
Patent GB-474463-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in combined electric switches and wall connectors
IPC: H01R13/707
Filed: 1936-05-18
Abstract: 474,463. Two - part couplings combined with switches. ARNOLD, C. L., DOWSETT, R. W., and M. K. ELECTRIC, Ltd. May 18, 1936, No. 14077. [Class 38 (i)] In a combined wall socket and switch of the type in which the switch is locked in its open position until the plug is inserted in the socket, and the plug is locked in the socket by a knife edge on a pivoted member that is projected by a spring into the socket when the switch is closed, the switch-locking member is a bar moved rectilinearly by the earth pin of the plug and the pivoted member carrying the knife edge is connected indirectly to the switch by a pivoted lever. The member 4 having a knife edge 4a is pivoted at 3 between outwardly bent flanges 2 forming the edges of a gap in the earthing socket 1. A stud 6 on the member 4 is embraced by a fork 7a on a lever 7 pivoted at 8 and having a lateral projection 7b that lies in the path of an arcuate extension 11a on the switch handle 11, so as to be depressed when the switch is open. The switch is locked open by a latch 13b carried by a sliding bar 13 moved by a spring 15 into its locking position and in the other direction by an oblique surface on the end of the bar that is bent through 180‹ and enters a slot in the socket 1 opposite to the knife edge 4a.
Patent GB-1262317-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to vehicle tyres
IPC: B60C1/00
Filed: 1969-03-18
Abstract: 1,262,317. Road compacting tyre. DUNLOP HOLDINGS Ltd. 18 March, 1969 [21 March, 1968], No. 14114/69. Heading B7C. In a tyre for compacting a road surface of bituminous materials, the tread rubber comprises 3 to 12 parts of paraffinic wax or microcrystalline wax per 100 parts of elastomer, the proportions being by weight. Preferably the wax has a softening point of between 45 and 85‹. The specification includes a specific example of a suitable tread composition.
Patent GB-295974-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons of low boiling point from mineral and other oils, tars and the like
IPC: C10G9/24
Filed: 1927-04-21
Abstract: 295,974. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). April 21, 1927. Divided on 294,557. Hydrocarbons, cracking; hydrogenation, destructive.-Oils are cracked by heating them in a still A by a heating device G immersed in the liquid and exposed to intermittent or continuous blasts of gases supplied through a pipe J. The heater G is composed of a rod, spiral, or ribbon of metal or other conductive material e.g. silicon carbide, graphite, charcoal, &c., and is heated to at least 500‹ C. by electrical or other means. The gases may contain oxygen, hydrogen, or gases and vapour capable of giving off hydrogen but free from carbon. Brown coal tar pumped from a container C and preheated in a vessel D is passed through a pipe F into the still A which is heated externally to 350‹ C. The heater G, consisting of a nickel-chromium ribbon, is raised to 750‹ C. by an electric current supplied through copper conductors H and is treated with a blast of steam from the pipe J. The vapours produced are condensed in a cooler K while the gaseous products pass to a holder M. The gases contain 4 per cent CO2, 2.5 per cent H2S, 35 per cent CnH2n, 5.3 per cent CO, 9 per cent H2, 38 per cent CH4, and C2H6 and 6 per cent N2. In another example crude paraffin is treated in a similar manner.
Patent GB-1392101-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for directing material workpieces to an independent shaping tool
IPC: B23C3/12
Filed: 1972-03-27
Abstract: 1392101 Grinding; milling; machine tool details F P SCHELL 27 March 1972 [30 March 1971 15 Nov 1971 30 Dec 1971] 14151/72 Headings B3D B3B and B3K [Also in Division B5] Apparatus for directing a material workpiece to an independent working tool 42 comprises an upper rotatable or angularly movable platform 12, Fig. 1, adapted to have workpieces secured thereto, a lower reciprocally movable platform support 13 to which the platform 12 is attached, biasing means co-operating with the platform support for constantly maintaining a template in abutment with a guide member secured at a fixed position relative to the tool or platform while the working tool acts on the workpiece, and drive means for rotating the platform independent from the tool. The tool may perform rough-shaping, finishing, cutting, sanding, or polishing, and the workpiece may be of wood, plastics, metal, or ceramics. In one embodiment, Fig. 1, the edge of platform 12 forms the template and the platform is carried by a support 15 which is driven by a motor 32 and mounted on the slidable support 13. The template is biased against a guide member 40 by a spring 30 or by pneumatic or hydraulic means. In a second embodiment the platform is annular so that a workpiece may be shaped at its inner or outer edges. The platform may be rotated or oscillated during working. In a third embodiment, Fig. 4, an axle carrying the platform 112 and guide member 130 is mounted in a reciprocable carriage 116 and via gearing drives a template 120 supported on a fixed base. The positions of the guide member and template may be reversed. In any of the above embodiments the template may have a plurality of surfaces which may be stacked vertically or spaced horizontally, and against a selected one of which the guide member may engage. A toothed wheel mounted on the axis of the guide member may engage chain links mounted adjacent the template surface to drive the template past the guide member.
Patent GB-823816-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of making pile fabrics with loops of different height and apparatus for practising the method
Inventor: RICE WALTER ALFRED
IPC: D05C15/32
Filed: 1957-05-03
Abstract: 823,816. Patterned tufted fabrics; feeding yarns in warp form. MOHASCO INDUSTRIES Inc. May 3, 1957, No. 14188/57. Classes 142(1) and 142(4) [Also in Group VII]  In a tufted fabric, produced on a multiple needle machine, a patterned effect is achieved by varying the height of indidividual tufts, those tufts of reduced height being produced by momentarily restricting the supply of the pile yarn Y so that a take-up 29 carried on the needle bar withdraws yarn, on the upstroke of the needle 23, from the tuft just inserted. The machine is fed with a warp of yarns Y which pass over rollers 32, 33. An arm 36 carries a yarn clamp 39 and a beak 37, and oscillates once every needle cycle to clamp the yarns against roller 32, the beak then descending between the rollers to pull yarn over roller 33.