Patent GB-284239-A (GB)
Title: Drainage process and apparatus for the removal of water, household sewage and solid matters, applicable also for other purposes
IPC: E03F1/00
Filed: 1928-01-20
Abstract: 284,239. Gandillon, H. Jan. 25, 1927, [Convention date]. Vacuum apparatus. - Sewage refuse, and water from buildings, streets, &c. are collected in closed reservoirs at different points along a network of drains of small section and are removed periodically through the drains by a sudden variation of air pressure in the system, the reservoirs being discharged through pipes and valves arranged so that no external air can be drawn into the drains until after the first and upper reservoir has been emptied. The system may be employed for transporting fluid or pasty materials or mixtures of solids and liquids &c., for example, in the treatment of beetroots in the manufacture of sugar: Fig. 1 shows the principle of the apparatus. Drain pipes A leading to a collecting pipe B are divided into lengths a<1>, a<2> - - by pipes c<1>, c<2> - - depending into closed chambers d<1>, d<2> - - the diameters of the different lengths a<1>, a<2> - - gradually increasing towards the pipe B, and the first depending pipe c<1> being shorter than the others. Narrow pipes e<1>, e<2> - - lead into the chambers d<1>, d<2> - - from the houses &c. To discharge the apparatus, the drain is suddenly put into communication, through valve apparatus g, with the pipe B in which a partial vacuum is created. The discharge continues until the end of the short pipe c<1> is open to the atmosphere and the vacuum is broken. In order to avoid the use of deep reservoirs a floating valve is provided for automatically closing the ends of all the depending pipes except the first. The volumes of the closed chambers d<1>, d<2> - - are less than the volumes of the corresponding drain lengths a<1>, a<2> - -. In the form shown in Fig. 5 the bottom of the receiver slopes to the entrance to a curved pipe c which gradually widens out, a floating ball f closing the pipe when the receiver is empty. A bye-pass or overflow fitting having a balanced float k which will operate even when there is a partial vacuum may be inserted in the pipe A. The float k is placed in a perforated chamber l and rests on a removable seating i. It is pierced by an open-ended tube t maintaining communication between the drain A and a small cylinder r in which a piston s on the tube t slides. The cylinder r is surmounted by a tube p carrying a closing diaphragm having a small orifice q for ventilation purposes. By raising the whole fitting while the partial vacuum exists in the drain vigorous localized cleaning may be obtained. The valve apparatus g between the drain A and the collecting pipe B may be constructed as shown in Fig. 6. Resting on a seat 2 in a chamber 1 is a hollow perforated body 3 provided with a seating 4 on which rests a float 5 fixed to a piston 6 working in a cylinder 8 communicating with the pipe B through a pipe 7. A pipe 9 connects the upper closed space 10 of the chamber 1 with the pipe B and is fitted with a multiple-way tap 11. Normally the space 10 is open to the atmosphere through the tap 11 and the liquids from the drain A lift the float and enter the pipe B, even when there is a partial vacuum in the pipe 8. To produce a pulsation in the drain, the tap 11 is turned to establish communication between the space 10 and the vacuum in the pipe B, thus raising the body 3. Alternatively the body 3 may be raised electrically &c.