Patent GB-680459-A (GB)
Title: Treatment of textile materials
IPC: D06M13/224
Filed: 1949-12-16
Abstract: Textile material is lubricated by passing through a mass of the material water having an organic water-insoluble lubricant emulsified therein by means of an emulsifying agent, the proportions of water-insoluble lubricant and emulsifying agent being such that the emulsion is so unstable that lubricant is abstracted from the passing aqueous phase by and deposited on the textile material.  The latter may be textile yarn (such as regenerated cellulose yarn made by the viscose process) wound in package form, and in the case of such yarn the lubricant may be emulsified in the last wash water used in the manufacture of the yarn.  The lubricants which may be employed include vegetable oils such as peanut, rice, coconut, olive and castor oils; waxes such as sperm oil; fatty alcohols such as oleyl, stearyl, palmityl and lauryl; mineral lubricating oils; and mixtures thereof.  Among the emulsifying agents which may be employed are soaps, sulphonated compounds such as the sodium salt of sulpho-ethyl oleate, the sodium salt of sulpho-ethyl-methyloleoylamide, and the sodium salts of alkylnaphthalene-sulphonic acids; fatty acid esters containing a free hydroxyl group such as polyglycol mono-stearates, e.g. diethyleneglycol mono-stearate, and the mixed palmitic and stearic acid partial esters of a polyhydric alcohol; other fatty acid derivatives such as a condensation product of stearic acid with a hydroxy alkylamine; and sodium oleyl sulphate.  The stability of the emulsion may be adjusted so that it will break within a definite time after it is prepared by varying the proportion of emulsifying agent to lubricant, and the suitability of the mixture of emulsifier and lubricant may be determined by observing whether a dispersion of one part by weight of the mixture in three parts by weight of soft water begins to break in 2-6 hours at 25 DEG  C.  In the example a 300 parts per million dispersion of a mixture of 85 parts by weight of a mineral lubricating oil, 12.5 parts sodium or potassium oleate and 2.5 parts diethyleneglycol mono-stearate in water of zero hardness is used as the final wash water in the purification of yarn produced by the viscose process.  The water is pumped through bobbins of the yarn for 4 hours at the rate of 9 lb. of the water per pound of yarn per hour.  The water passes once through the yarn and is then discarded, and the packages of yarn are then dried.ALSO:An emulsifiable lubricant composition suitable for preparing aqueous emulsions for lubrication of textile materials (see Group IV (c)), comprises an organic water-insoluble lubricant and an emulsifying agent in such relative proportions that an aqueous emulsion prepared from the composition is so unstable that the lubricant is abstracted from the emulsion when the latter is passed through a mass of textile material and is deposited on the latter.  The lubricants which may be employed include vegetable oils such as peanut, rice, coconut, olive and castor oils; waxes such as sperm oil; fatty alcohols such as oleyl, stearyl, palmityl and lauryl; mineral lubricating oils, and mixtures thereof.  Among the emulsifying agents which may be employed are soaps, sulphonated compounds such as the sodium salt of sulpho-ethyl oleate, the sodium salt of sulpho - ethyl - methylo leoylamide, and the sodium salts of alkylnaphthalene-sulphonic acids; fatty acid esters containing a free hydroyl group such as polyglycol mono-stearates, e.g. diethyleneglycol monostearate, and the mixed palmitic and stearic acid partial esters of a polyhydric alcohol; other fatty acid derivatives such as a condensation product of stearic acid with a hydroxy alkylamine; and sodium oleyl sulphate. The stability of the emulsion may be adjusted so that it will break within a definite time after it is prepared by varying the proportion of emulsifying agent to lubricant, and the suitability of the mixture of emulsifier and lubricant may be determined by observing whether a dispersion of one part by weight of the mixture in three parts by weight of soft water begins to break in 2-6 hours at 25 DEG C.