Patent GB-451300-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of aqueous dispersions of anhydrides of fatty acids of high molecular weight
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1935-04-23
Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of fatty acid anhydrides of high molecular weight are obtained by adding mixtures of the fatty acid anhydrides and free fatty acids of high molecular weight to water and basic substances capable of forming soaps with the fatty acids.  The mixtures of anhydrides and fatty acids are preferably added to aqueous solutions containing sufficient base to neutralize the fatty acid, although less than the equivalent amount of base may be used with sensitive fatty acid anhydrides. Suitable fatty acids and their anhydrides include capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and ricinoleic acids or mixtures thereof; or the acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons.  Suitable basic substances comprise alkali metal hydroxides, ammonia, sodium carbonate and amines or ammonium bases, e.g. ethylamine, monoethanolamine, monobutanolamine, diethanolamine, dibutanolamine, triethanolamine, n-butyldiethanolamine, ethers of triethanolamine, cyclohexyldiethanolamine, morpholine, hydroxy ethylmorpholine, tetraethanol ammonium, hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, dodecyltriethyl ammonium hydroxide, and octodecyl-dimethylbenzyl phosphonium hydroxide.  To facilitate the dispersion, inert organic solvents, e.g. benzine, benzene, toluene, xylene, oil of turpentine, butyl acetate; or protective colloids, e.g. glue or gelatine, may be added.  Other dispersing agents may also be added, e.g. alkali salts of alkyl naphthalene sulphonic acids, condensation products of oxalkyl or aminoalkyl sulphonic acids and fatty acid chlorides, or sulphonic esters of high molecular aliphatic alcohols or their salts. According to examples: (1) 200 pts. stearic anhydride are fused with 40 pts. oleic acid.  The mixture is stirred into 220 pts. of a 10 per cent aqueous solution of triethanolamine.  The whole is diluted to 10,000 pts. by adding water.  This dispersion may be used to waterproof viscose artificial silk; (2) 10 pts. stearic anhydride and 1,5 pts. of oleic acid are dissolved in 8 pts. benzine, and stirred into a solution of 0,825 pts. triethanolamine in 9 pts. water.  100 pts. of cold water are then added to form a bath for waterproofing cotton twill; (3) 5 pts. of mixed fatty acid anhydrides containing 12--18 carbon atoms, 6,6 pts. oil of turpentine and 1,2 pts. of coconut oil fatty acid are heated together and flowed gradually at 50--60 DEG  C. into a solution of 0,48 pts. diethanolamine in 10 pts. water in a mixing machine, and the dispersion diluted to 100 pts. cold water.  Used for impregnating textiles or waterproofing wood; (4) 500 pts. palmitic anhydride and 150 pts. of ricinoleic acid are heated together, dissolved in 690 pts. of xylene and stirred into 360 pts. of a 15 per cent solution of hydroxyethylmorpholine.  The paste is diluted with water to 7000 parts; (5) 1 pt. fused stearic anhydride is mixed with 0,3 pts. of a mixture of oleic acid, coconut oil fatty acid and ricinoleic acid in equal proportions, and stirred into 1,5 pts. of a 10 per cent aqueous solution of n-butyldiethanolamine, diluted in small portions with 1 pt. of a 0,1 per cent solution of triethanolamine, and then diluted to 5 pts. with cold water.  The resulting dispersion is then homogenized and further diluted for use.