Patent GB-587279-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to emulsifying agents
IPC: C10M173/00
Filed: 1944-07-11
Abstract: An emulsifying agent consists of one or more salts of sulphated secondary alcohols containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule, one or more naphthenic acids, tall oils or fatty acids (containing at least 8 carbon atoms) and one or more alkali metal or ammonium salts of the above organic acids.  The salts are preferably prepared in situ by incomplete neutralization of the organic acids. A mutual solvent such as methylcyclohexanol, cresylic acid or alcohols or esters containing 6 to 8 carbon atoms, may be used with the emulsifying agent to give an emulsifier concentrate which will mix with a light mineral lubricating oil to form a clear, pale soluble oil capable of dispersing spontaneously when added to water to give a stable dispersion.  The lubricating oil may include sulphonated oils, e.g., sulphonated castor oil or petroleum oil soluble sulphonic acid soaps, e.g., mahogany soaps, or may be replaced by hydrocarbons or derivatives thereof, such as light petroleum distillates; aromatic solvents (e.g., solvent naphtha), hydrogenated solvents (e.g., tetrahydronaphthalene) and liquid chlorinated hydrocarbons.  Where the fatty acid is stearic or similar fatty acid, stable viscous creams are obtained which disperse in water forming emulsions.  To prevent layer separation in compositions of high oil content, auxiliary coupling agents may be employed and may be of the water soluble type, e.g., diethylene glycol mono-ethyl-ether, or of the oil soluble type such as those given for the mutual solvent.  The salts of the secondary alkyl sulphuric acids referred to are those obtained from olefines according to Specifications 459,078; 459,079, 459,080, 459,117, [all in Group IV], and 478,841, e.g., "Teepol X" (Registered Trade Mark).  Soluble oils may be used as cutting oils, anti-corrosion oils, slushing oils, aqueous metal degreasing compositions, fat liquoring processes in the tanning industry, disinfectants, textile oils; they may be modified by the incorporation of oil-soluble toxic materials (see Group VI). The emulsifying agents may also be used to effect emulsification of petroleum residues, e.g., asphaltic bitumen and petroleum resins.ALSO:In the production of insecticides, fungicides, or bactericides, soluble oils are used which comprise an emulsifying agent consisting of one or more salts of sulphated secondary alcohols (containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule), one or more naphthenic acids, tall oils or fatty acids (containing at least 8 carbon atoms) and one or more alkali metal or ammonium salts of the above organic acids (see also Group III), a mutual solvent, e.g., methyl-cyclohexanol, cresylic acid or alcohols or esters containing 6 to 8 carbon atoms, and a light mineral lubricating oil which may be replaced by hydrocarbons or derivatives thereof, such as light petroleum distillates, aromatic solvents (solvent naphtha), hydrogenated solvents (tetrahydronaphthalene) and liquid chlorinated hydrocarbons.  The resulting soluble oils may be used as disinfectants or they may be modified by incorporation of oil-soluble toxic materials, e.g., pyrethrum, aliphatic or aromatic thiocyanates, paradichlorodiphenyl trichlor-ethane (and a a .4 : 41 dichlorodi-phenyl-b b b -trichlorethane), derris, rotenone and dinitro-ortho-cresol or water soluble bactericidal compounds such as formaldehyde or toxic insecticidal inorganic salts, e.g., borax, and used as insecticides, fungicides or bactericides; or their modifications, containing white oil, may be used as hand creams which may be still further modified by incorporation of oil-soluble toxic insecticidal materials, e.g., pyrethrum, to give stable insecticidal repellant creams.  To prevent layer separation in compositions of high oil content, auxiliary coupling agents may be employed and may be of the water soluble type, e.g., diethyleneglycol mono-ethyl ether, or of the oil soluble type such as those given for the mutual solvent. Specifications 459,078, 459,079, 459,080, 459,117, and 478,841, [all in Group IV], are referred to.