Patent GB-1312002-A (GB)
Title: Brake control systems
IPC: B60T8/58
Filed: 1970-04-06
Abstract: 1312002 Anti-skid brake systems G W YARBER 6 April 1970 16105/70 Heading F2F A system for controlling a vehicle wheel brake that is responsive to an applied hydraulic brake pressure, includes a source of pressurized hydraulic fluid, means for developing a command signal representing a desired brake pressure, means for developing a continuous variable electrical signal representing a function of wheel deceleration, and means for developing a brake pressure under joint control of the command signal and the electrical signal, and circuit means responsive to the electrical signal and acting to develop a plurality of digital signals that correspond to respective code digits of different numerical significance and that form a digital code representation of the electrical signal. Valve mechanism, connected to the pressure source and responsive to the command signal and to the digital code signals, produces brake pressure that is variable in response to the command signal and that is variable stepwise in response to the digital code signals in accordance with the digital code representation. As shown, there is a control apparatus 30 for receiving input signals from the skid sensing and skid control system 10a ... 10d for each wheel of a motor vehicle. Hydraulic fluid at a supply pressure P is obtained from a pump 32 via conduit 33 leading to master control valve 34 and the supply conduit 35 leading to the control valve 36 of each wheel, fluid being returned via conduits 38, 39 to the pump at low return pressure R and brake initiation being controlled by foot pedal 40 which applies a braking force to a pressure-regulating valve; the valve 34 produces in conduit 44 a brake control pressure Pc. Each system 10a ... 10d comprises a wheel 12 with an hydraulic brake 14 receiving fluid from conduit 15 and, associated with each wheel, an electromagnetic sensor 16 in which is induced current pulses that are amplified to produce a series of pulses 19 of uniform amplitude and frequency corresponding to the wheel speed, which pulses are rectified and integrated at 20 to produce in line 22 a signal Ev that varies in magnitude directly with wheel speed; the signal is differentiated and inverted in circuit 24 to produce a positive signal Ea proportional to the angular acceleration of the wheel 12, the circuit also receiving on line 70, a signal representing the rate of vehicle deceleration, the signal Ea representing the excess of wheel deceleration over the value corresponding to the vehicle deceleration. To ensure proper brake relief for a skidding wheel that has been locked a locked wheel control circuit is connected between lines 22 and 26. A control signal derived from a circuit 62 is utilized to disable the locking wheel control circuit when the vehicle is stationary. The signal Ea is supplied to the analog to digital converter 28 which produces a plurality of binary signals representing the digits d 1 , d 2  &c. and which are amplified and supplied through output lines 27, 29 to the skid control valve 36; in the absence of a signal on either line 27 or 29 the output pressure in conduit 15 corresponds directly to the control pressure Pc in conduit 44 and in the presence of an incipient or an actual skid one or both lines 27 and 29 carries a signal reducing the brake pressure to a corresponding fraction of the control pressure, or to zero. The valve 36, Fig. 4, includes an upper piston chamber 80 containing a dual piston, an intermediate chamber 83 for a spring 84 and a lower chamber containing a valve 86, biased by a spring 88 to a position tending to close orifice 89 between supply conduit 35 and brake conduit 15; the valve acts as a metering valve to maintain the output brake pressure Pb in conduit 15 directly proportional to the downward force Fs exerted by spring 84 on valve plate 90 which force is developed by the piston 82. The latter has annular portions working in chambers 81a, 81b, the pressures in which are controlled by solenoid valves v1, v2; when the valves are in the normal positions thereof, as shown, the control pressure Pc acts on both piston areas A1, A2 to produce a brake pressure Pb directly proportional to Pc and equal to Pc under the condition that the area Av of valve plate 91 equals A1+A2. If the solenoid S1 or S2 is energized in response to a digital signal d1 or d2 on line 27 or 29 the corresponding valve v1 orv2 shifts to the left, as seen in the Figure, and the corresponding portion of the piston chamber 81 is isolated from control conduit 44 and is connected to the return conduit 39, reducing to zero the contribution made by that piston area to the force exerted on the spring 84 whereby valve 86 responds by producing a corresponding stepwise change in output pressure Pb. The system 30 receives the wheel speed signal Ev from line 22 of each brake control system via lines 46a ... 46d and the input circuit 48 produces in line 49 a signal EV which corresponds to the largest of the respective wheel speed signals Ev thus normally representing the velocity of the vehicle and the signal EV is differentiated, inverted and amplified at 58 to produce a signal representing the rate of deceleration of the vehicle and this latter signal is modified in response to signals supplied on lines 53, 63 to produce on line 60 a final analo vehicle deceleration signal EA which is converted by the circuit 66 from analog to digital form to produce on lines 67, 68 and 69 binary digital signals D1, D2 and D3. These latter signals are supplied as input control signals to the control valve 34 resulting in stepwise modification of the brake control pressure Pc produced in conduit 44 in response to operation of the pedal 40. A wheel skid signal Es is developed in each skid control system and is supplied via lines 52a ... 52d to input circuit 50 which produces on line 53 a total skid signal ES which is combined with the vehicle deceleration signal in the differentiator 58 to reduce the magnitude of the vehicle deceleration signal EA. The signal EV is supplied via line 61 to circuit 62 which develops on line 63 a signal which is zero at normal vehicle velocities but becomes large as zero velocity is approached and the latter signal is summed with the signal EA in circuit 58, to produce on line 60 a simulated vehicle deceleration signal which makes available the full control brake pressure when the vehicle is stationary. The master control and pressure regulating valve 34, Fig. 6, comprises command and control sections 142 and 144, the former including a spool valve 146 slidable in chamber 147 and having a channel 147 which in the equilibrium position shown is isolated from annular channels 148, 149 supplied respectively with fluid under supply pressure P via passage 151 from conduit 33 and return pressure R via passage 152 from conduit 38. Passage 153 receives an intermediate pressure Pi developed in channel 147, and plunger 156 on piston 158 is continuously subjected to the output pressure Pc supplied via conduit 162 and passage 163. The piston chamber 170 in the control section 144 contains a freely movable compound piston 176 operating in chamber portions 171, 172 and 173 and having working areas A1, A2 and A3; a fourth area Ai of the piston works in chamber 174 to which pressure Pi is supplied from valve 146 via passage 153 and this pressure is also supplied to one side of each of the solenoid valves V1, V2 and V3 which control the pressure in the chamber portions 171, 172 and 173, the other side of the valves being subjected to the return pressure R via conduit 152. The valves V1, V2 and V3 are controlled by respective solenoids S1, S2 and S3 in response to the digital code signals D1, D2 and D3 in lines 67, 68 and 69. With the solenoids idle the valves are in the normal position shown under which condition the areas A1, A2, A3 and Ai are subject to the pressure Pi and energization of a solenoid removes the pressure from the corresponding piston area and substitutes the return pressure R; but with all the solenoids energized, the effective upper area of the piston is reduced to Ai. Valve chamber 180 contains a valve spool 182 the channel 184 of which co-operates with supply and return channels 186, 188 to produce the regulated output pressure Pc in channel 184, that pressure being supplied to the bore 190 of the valve 182 and to the entire area of piston 176. The valve 34 may be modified (a) by omitting the piston 158, passage 163 and conduit 162, the command force Fo being applied directly to the valve 146, (b) the command force Fo is applied to the valve spool 146 which engages a compound piston having four piston surfaces opposing a single piston surface, (c) the valve 86, Fig. 9, delivers to conduit 44 a control pressure Pc such that the downward force Fi exerted by the spring 84 is balanced by the upward force of pressure Pc acting on effective valve area Av, the force Fi being applied to the upper seat 92 of spring 84 by pushrod 224 which slides in the bore of multiple piston 230 and carries the piston 226, the upper face of which is subject to the command pressure Pm. The downward movement of the pushrod is limited by an adjustable collar 225 engageable with the piston 230 which action limits the compression of spring 84 and therefore the output pressure Pc to an extent which varies with the position of the valve. The piston 230 which is urged upwards by spring 236 to adjustable stops 238 has upper areas controlled by solenoid valves S1 ... S3 and the lower face of the piston is exposed continuously to the return pressure R, and (d) the valve comprises a piston working in a cylinder and subjected to the command pressure Pm to be urged downwardly to compress a spring and thereby transmit a control force to the valve plate 90, see Fig. 9, the cylinder being filled with an hydraulic fluid and having multiple connections thereto each connection being controlled by ganged solenoid valves V1, V2, &c.