baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2000510103-A (JP)
Title: Ｍｍｐおよびｔｎｆ放出抑制活性を有するペプチジル化合物
IPC: A61P37/00
Filed: 1997-04-04
Abstract: (57)【要約】
ＭＭＰおよびＴＮＦ抑制活性を有する一般式（１）
 の化合物。
Patent JP-2001512647-A (JP)
Title: ビーム電流制限を自動調節するビデオ出力段
IPC: H04N5/59
Filed: 1997-12-15
Abstract: (57)【要約】
ビデオ処理システムは、表示装置に供給されたピーク電流出力を自動的に自己調節し得るビデオ出力ドライバ段（２０）を含む。このシステムは、ビデオ信号入力及び増幅されたビデオ信号を供給するためのビデオ信号出力を具備したビデオ出力ドライバ段（２０）を有する装置を含む。ビデオ出力ドライバ段（２０）は、ビデオ信号出力を形成するためビデオ信号入力を増幅し、増幅されたビデオ信号出力を映像再生表示装置に伝達する手段を含む。このシステムは、映像再生表示装置（１）によって伝達された電流（Ｉ 8 ）を表現する検出信号（Ｖ 4 ）が供給される検出出力を更に有する。また、このシステムは、検出信号を検出し、映像再生表示装置によって伝達された電流を所定の値に制限するビデオ出力ドライバ段の入力部品（Ｑ１０１）にフィードバック信号（Ｉ 6 ）を供給する検出及び制御手段（２８，２９；Ｑ１０８）を更に有する。
Patent JP-H11508978-A (JP)
IPC: D21G1/00
Filed: 1997-04-21
Abstract: A method for calendering a paper web, including the steps of passing the paper web through a calendering nip having a profile formed from a pair of calendering rolls, wherein at least one of the pair of calendering rolls includes a soft exterior face at least in the region of the nip, regulating the profile of the calendering nip to compensate for flaws in the paper web passing through the calendering nip including varying the properties of the soft exterior face locally in a direction transverse to the direction of the passing paper web concurrently with the passing step.
Patent JP-2000510716-A (JP)
Title: 外科的定位手順の装置
IPC: A61B19/00
Filed: 1997-04-25
Abstract: (57)【要約】
定位装置１０に関連する支持ツールの非侵襲性装置１６、およびツールを選択された経路に沿って案内する手順。本発明の１つの実施形態によると、ツール支持システム１６を、患者の頭部１３を保持する頭蓋クランプ４６に装着する。別の実施形態では、ツール１０５および関節式アームおよびプローブ１８を、ツール支持システムに選択的に装着し、それを患者を支持する台４８のサイド・レール１２０に装着する。第２の実施形態では、患者の身体のいかなる部位に対しても、定位手順を実施することができる。
Patent JP-2000511259-A (JP)
Title: 吸気の清浄のための装置
IPC: F02M35/10
Filed: 1997-05-21
Abstract: (57)【要約】
チェーンソー、切断機、草刈機又は芝刈機等の加工工具に向けられたファン冷却された内燃機関のための吸気（２）の清浄のための装置（１）、この装置のエンジンは、エンジンの冷却のために、ファンカバー（４）に囲まれているファンホイール（３）を備え、流れ導管（５）は、両端部（６、７）の少なくとも一端部においてファンカバー（４）へ接続され、偏向導管（８）は、流れ導管（５）の壁に配置され、導管（５、８）はＴ字のような交差部を形成し、偏向導管は、通常入口容積部（１０）及びフィルタ（１１）を介してエンジンの入口導管（９）へもたらす。
Patent JP-2001525808-A (JP)
Title: フォトクロミック組成物、フォトクロミック化合物（コ）ポリマーマトリクス
IPC: G02C7/10
Filed: 1998-05-01
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明の目的は、＋  ２−（ｐ−ジメチルアミノフェニル）−２−（ｐ−メトキシフェニル）−５−メチル−７，９−ジメトキシ−［２Ｈ］−ナフト［１，２−ｂ］ピラン（化合物(I)）、および＋  ３−（ｐ−メトキシフェニル）−３−フェニル−６−モルフォリノ−３Ｈ−ナフト−［２，１−ｂ］ピラン（化合物(II)）を含むフォトクロミック組成物にある。本発明はまた、それら化合物(I)および(II)それ自体、好ましくは混合物中に、それらを含有する（コ）ポリマーマトリクス、並びにそのようなマトリクスから全体または一部が構成されたおよび／または前記化合物(I)および(II)の一方および／または他方を含有する完成品に関する。
Patent JP-2002500742-A (JP)
Title: 自動車のダブルフライホイール用のトーションダンパー
IPC: F16F15/134
Filed: 1999-03-26
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、ダブルフライホイールの、自動車エンジンのクランクシャフトに取り付けられる主フライホイールと、クラッチ機構を嵌合する副フライホイールとの間に運動可能に設けられ、前記ダブルフライホイールの一方に取り付けられる第１の要素（１０）と、他方に取り付けられる第２の要素（２０）とを備え、かつ摩擦手段に関連する弾性手段（３０）（４０）を備える、自動車のダブルフライホイール用のトーションダンパーであり、前記弾性手段（３０）は、第１の整相リング（５１）（５３）によって直列に動作する、少なくともｌつの第１グループ（３１）（３２）（３３）を形成している。また、前記弾性手段（４０）は、第２の整相リング（５２）（５４）によって直列に動作する、第２のグループ（４１）（４２）（４３）を形成し、前記弾性手段（３０）（４０）の前記第１のグループ（３１）（３２）（３３）及び第２のグループ（４１）（４２）（４３）は、整相アッセンブリ（６０）によって直列に動作する。
Patent JP-2001525851-A (JP)
Title: 自己免疫疾患の治療に有用な新規なトリプトリド誘導体
IPC: C07D493/14
Filed: 1998-04-27
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、式(１)〜(３)を有する新規なトリプトリド、および有効量の新規なトリプトリド誘導体を患者に投与することからなる、自己免疫疾患の患者を治療する方法に関する。
Patent MD-20080042-A (MD)
Title: Group of vents for windmill
Inventor: BERZAN VLADIMIR
IPC: F03D3/06
Filed: 2008-02-15
Abstract: The invention relates to the wind-power engineering and can be used in the wind-power plants.A sector of the windmill blade includes a group formed of at least three pivoted vents (1, 2, 3) with horizontal axle (4), placed in a vertical row. The upper vent (1) is made of a material having a weight per unit of area twice or more times greater than the other vents (2, 3).
Patent MX-156363-A (MX)
Inventor: DOMINGUEZ MARIANO
IPC: H03C3/09
Filed: 1984-11-01
Abstract: The invention concerns a frequency modulation broadcasting transmitter in which the output oscillator at the transmission frequency is modulated not directly by the audiofrequency signal but through the intermediary of a phase locking loop comprising a phase comparator supplied, on the one hand, by the output signal filtered from a picture or image frequency rejection mixer. This mixer receives, on the one hand, a modulated intermediary frequency signal from a modulator and, on the other hand, the output signal of the oscillator at the transmitting frequency FS, the reference frequency Fo1 being determined as a function of the central transmitting frequency and of the intermediary frequency Fo1=FS-F1.
Patent MX-162499-A (MX)
Inventor: LANGFORD EDWARD ALFRED
IPC: B21D53/84
Filed: 1985-02-15
Abstract: A tool for use in the manufacture of the outer member of a cross-groove type of constant velocity ratio universal joint by forming a blank in a die with the tool in the interior of the blank to define the internal shape of the joint member. The tool comprises first and second elements (33, 37) with portions (34, 38) which together define the shape required in the joint outer member, having formations (34a, 38a) which form the grooves therein, and have an internal cavity (40) which receives an expander (23) to hold the elements in their operative positions. After withdrawal of the expander, the first elements (33) can be moved radially inwardly to disengage them from the formed joint member and withdrawn, following which the second elements (34) can be moved inwardly and subsequently withdrawn.
Patent NZ-219981-A (NZ)
Title: Capped 1,2-propylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate polyesters and use as soil-release agents in laundry detergent compositions
Inventor: GOSSELINK EUGENE PAUL
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 1987-04-14
Abstract: Capped 1,2-propylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate polyesters useful as soil release agents are disclosed. Preferred polyesters have the formula:     X-(OCH2CH2)@ &lsqbstr& (-O@-R<1>-@O-R<2>-)u (-O @-R<1>-@O-R<3>-)@ &rsqbstr&   -O@-R-@O-(CH2CH2O)n-X wherein each R<1> is a 1,4-phenylene moiety; the R<2> are essentially 1,2-propylene moieties; the R<3> are essentially the polyoxyethylene moiety -(CH2CH2O)1-CH2CH2-; each X is ethyl or preferably methyl; each n is from about 12 to about 45; q is from about 12 to about 90; the average value of u is from about 5 to about 20; the average value of v is from about 1 to about 10; the average value of u + v is from about 6 to about 30; the ratio u to v is from about 1 to about 6.
Patent NZ-228562-A (NZ)
Title: Medicated skin care composition comprising an aqueous phase, an oil phase and a medicament: preparation thereof
Inventor: NAVIN MANOHAR GERIA
IPC: A61K9/10
Filed: 1989-03-31
Abstract: A long lasting, esthetically pleasing medicated skin care moisturizing composition comprising   (1) an oil phase comprising oil from about 30% to about 80% and a non-ionic surface active agent having an HLB number of about 7 to about 12, wherein the non-ionic surface active agent is present in an amount of about 5% to about 9%; (2) an aqueous phase comprising an aqueous thickening agent from about 0.05% to about 5% and water from about 15% to about 65%; (3) an effective amount of a topical medicament; wherein the oil phase is added to the aqueous phase to form an emulsion and a topical medicament admixed into the emulsion has been developed.   The method of preparation of the composition and a method of treating skin with the composition are also disclosed.
Patent NZ-237685-A (NZ)
Title: Screw closure; top portion of security ring held captive by closure skirt
Inventor: COLLINS MALCOLM GEORGE
IPC: B65D41/34
Filed: 1991-04-04
Abstract: A PT closure has a plastics security ring (36) held captive by an inwardly formed curl (24) at the end of its tubular skirt. The security ring has a line of weakening (42) arranged to operate in shear, by rotation of the closure in relation to the container neck (12) to which it is fitted. The closure skirt has a substantially radially directed shoulder (76) against which the security ring is tightly compressed by the curl. Despite substantial contraction of the security ring which may occur during thermal sterilisation, a high resistance to relative movement of the security ring and metal closure body is provided in both the rotational and radial senses. <IMAGE>   <IMAGE>
Patent NZ-238251-A (NZ)
Title: Ingestible products containing a tasteless sweetness inhibitor and either a bitter-tasting substance or nacl; or containing natural sweetener and a tasteless bitterness inhibitor
Inventor: KURTZ ROBERT JOSEPH
IPC: A23L27/12
Filed: 1991-05-23
Abstract: Sweetness inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be bitter taste inhibitors or blockers. Conversely, bitter taste inhibitors which are substantially tasteless have been found to be sweet taste inhibitors or blockers.
Patent NZ-238910-A (NZ)
Title: Endless belt for extended nip press: apertured membrane with impermeable
Inventor: JEFFERY JOHN
IPC: D21F3/02
Filed: 1991-07-10
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB91/01104 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 17, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 17, 1992 PCT Filed Jul. 5, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO92/02677 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 20, 1992.An extended nip press belt having a longitudinal running direction for the press-section of a papermaking machine includes an apertured membrane having two opposite faces and an impermeable coating layer at at least one face thereof. The material of the coating layer of layers engaging the apertures in the membrane extend at least to the plane of the face of the membrane opposite the one face. The membrane may include reinforcing yarns in the longitudinal running direction of the belt.
Patent NZ-259200-A (NZ)
Title: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antioxidant salen-metal complex
Inventor: MALFROY-CAMINE BERNARD
IPC: C07F11/00
Filed: 1993-12-06
Abstract: The invention provides antioxidant salen-metal complexes in a form suitable for pharmaceutical administration to treat or prevent a disease associated with cell or tissue damage produced by free radicals such as superoxide.
Patent NZ-260220-A (NZ)
Title: Quality of mobile radio telephone service evaluated by test calls transferred to and from mobile test unit
Inventor: RICKLI HANSUELI
IPC: H04B17/00
Filed: 1994-03-30
Abstract: The relevant data on the link quality at different sites within a coverage area of a mobile radio system to be monitored are registered by mobile test instruments (16) which preferably communicate with vehicles which regularly carry out trips in the area along random paths (20). The mobile test instruments (16) acquire and store the call identification and connection parameters and the time and site data. Analysis is carried out via a control device (17) which is connected to a mobile switching centre (15). <IMAGE>
Patent NZ-294602-A (NZ)
Title: Fuel and raw material recovery from waste plastics, the depolymer portion is coked with coal
Inventor: HOLIGHAUS ROLF
IPC: C10G1/00
Filed: 1995-10-02
Abstract: he present invention relates to a process for the production of chemical raw materials and liquid fuel components from used or waste plastics in which the used waste plastics are depolymerised at elevated temperature and the nascent gaseous and condensible depolymerisation products (condensate) and a sump phase (depolymer) are withdraw in separate partial streams and condensate and depolymer are processed further separately from each other, wherein at least one partial stream of depolymer is added coal to be carbonsied for the purpose of achieving improved coking in the carbonisation process, and is then carbonised together with the coal.
Patent NZ-337303-A (NZ)
Title: Method for the preparation of facial metal tricarbonyl compounds and their use in the labelling of biologically active substrates
Inventor: ALBERTO ROGER
IPC: C07D233/26
Filed: 1998-04-21
Abstract: Method of preparing a compound of the general formula:  Fac-[M(CO)3(OH2)3]+ wherein M is Mn, 99mTc, 186Re or 188Re, by reacting a metal in the permetallate form with carbon monoxide and a reducing agent, characterized in that a mixture of a base, a reducing agent soluble in water but not substantially decomposed by water, and optionally a stabilizing agent is solved in a water containing solvent system containing a solution of the metal in the permanganate, pertechnetate or perrhenate form in the presence of carbon monoxide and optionally in the presence of a halide.  Also disclosed is a method of preparing a labelled compound with the aid of the compound of general formula I, a method of direct preparation of labeled compounds and a method of labeling of substrates such as amino acids, peptides, proteins, sugars, small receptor binding molecules and body cells with the aid of compound of general formal I.  Disclosed is a kit for the preparation of a labelling composition and a kit for the preparation of a diagnostic of therapeutic pharmaceutical composition.
Patent NZ-503629-A (NZ)
Title: Layered absorbent structure with at least one layer having liquid wicking value of at least 36 percent
Inventor: EVERETT ROB DAVID
IPC: B32B5/00
Filed: 1998-10-08
Abstract: A distinctive absorbent article includes an absorbent core having multiple absorbent layers, wherein the absorbent layers interact in such a manner which preferentially locates absorbed liquid in an appointed, high saturation wicking layer. The localization of the liquid within this wicking layer increases the potential of this layer to move liquid through capillary action due to the higher saturation level and increased amount of liquid available. The intake capability of the absorbent system is maintained or improved over current systems by keeping a second layer of the absorbent system at low saturation levels through as many insults of the product as possible, while providing optimum intake performance through appropriate control of the composite properties. The low saturation in this layer provides void volume for the incoming insult as well as a high permeability, thus increasing the intake rate of the absorbent system as a whole, but the structure of the low saturation layer is also balanced to provide an appropriately high level of capillary tension to provide enough control of the liquid to stop leakage from occurring.
Patent NZ-503792-A (NZ)
Title: Wall slot milling unit with on-off switch on one handle and safety switches on a second handle
Inventor: BIERSACK HORST
IPC: B23D45/16
Filed: 2000-04-05
Abstract: The unit has on-off switch 16' mounted on handle 14 and switch 16 mounted on handle 15. The latter switch functions to release switch 16' and to release a swiveling blocking device of milling head 10. Thus a user needs to operate the unit with both hands before the milling head can move into a work surface. Other safety features are disclosed.
Patent NZ-507063-A (NZ)
Title: Self-dimerising peptides causing the formation of compact structures
Inventor: ANDERSON DAVID
IPC: C07K14/00
Filed: 1999-04-02
Abstract: Dimerization peptides that are no more than eight amino acids long, comprising the sequence FLIVX5 wherein X5 is either K, R, D, or E.
Patent NZ-509431-A (NZ)
Title: Benzazoles: benzoxazole, benzthiazole and benzimidazole derivatives and their use as fungicides and insecticides
Inventor: CROWLEY PATRICK JELF
IPC: A01N43/76
Filed: 1999-07-21
Abstract: A compound of formula (I), wherein: X is O or S, n is 0 or 1, Y is O, S or NR7, R1 is hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or SF5, R2 is hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or SF5, or together R1 and R2 form an optionally substituted five or six membered ring, R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted phenoxycarbonyl, phenyl or S(O)qR6, R4 is hydrogen, halogen cyano, optionally substituted alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or OR8, SH, S(O)pR9, NR10R11, or C(R12)=NOR13. The compounds are used in the preparation of fungicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal or nematicidal composition.
Patent NZ-512598-A (NZ)
Title: Chiral imidazole fungicidal compositions and methods for their use
Inventor: LEWIS CRAIG
IPC: A01N43/50
Filed: 1999-12-28
Abstract: A method for inhibiting the growth of fungus, such as Aspergillus, Erysiphe graminis, Penicillium, Gloeosporium, Phomopsis, Fusarium or Phoma, in association with a plant comprising applying to the locus of a plant a fungicidally effective amount of the (S)-enantiomer of 1-[2-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-2-(propenyloxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole, substantially free of the (R)-enantiomer.
Patent NZ-514231-A (NZ)
Title: Animal tag
Inventor: GARDNER MICHAEL STUART
IPC: A01K11/00
Filed: 2000-02-18
Abstract: A tag for application to the ear of an animal includes a  male  portion  (2)  and female portion  (3).  The  female portion includes a chamber (13) within which an insert  (14) is  accommodated,  the insert engaging  in  an  interlocking manner  with the chamber and allowing access of a  head  (9) of  the  male  portion into the chamber but then  acting  to prevent  removal  of the head. The male and female  portions may  be  connected  at a central portion (4)  which  enables folding   of  the  male  and  female  portions.  In  another embodiment,  the central portion may include a weak-link  so that  the male and female portions can be torn apart if  the tag becomes caught on an obstruction.
Patent NZ-518685-A (NZ)
Title: Whey protein derivatives as food supplements that increase nitric oxide production in the body to enhance muscle size and strength
Inventor: GARDINER PAUL T
IPC: A23L29/244
Filed: 2000-10-18
Abstract: Methods of increasing lean mass and/or muscle size and/or strength in individuals, particularly, athletes, comprising administering food supplement compositions are described. The food supplements comprise a substance that increases nitric oxide (NO) production in the body, and, a source of amino acids. Other food supplements described comprise a substance that can enhance and/or mimic insulin activity, and a source of amino acids. The food supplement compositions are suitable for supplementing the diet of an athlete and particularly for enhancing an athlete's muscle size or strength.
Patent NZ-519205-A (NZ)
Title: Supply current regulator for two-wire sensors
Inventor: KIRKPATRICK RICHARD ALLEN
IPC: G05F1/565
Filed: 2000-10-19
Abstract: A current regulator for a two wire sensor includes first and second conductors 22, 24 for the sensor output current IS, a current reference 28 coupled to the first and second conductors, a sensor load 34 coupled to the first and second conductors, and an amplifier 38 coupled between the current reference and the sensor load in a closed loop feedback configuration.  The current reference is controlled so as to vary the sensor output current in response to a condition sensed by the transducer 52 of the sensor load.
Patent NZ-523189-A (NZ)
Title: Benzodiazepine (BZP) receptor inverse agonists for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia
Inventor: FURUKAWA KIYOSHI
IPC: A61K31/4245
Filed: 2001-06-12
Abstract: The compound of formula (I) is used in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia wherein: Het is an oxadiazolyl group; R1 is H, lower alkyl, cyclo-lower alkyl, trifluromethyl group, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower alkoxy group, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group, hydroxy-lower alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; R2 is H, lower alkyl group, cyclo-lower alkyl group, cyclo-lower alkylmethyl group, lower alkenyl group, cyclo-lower alkenyl group, lower alkynyl group, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group.
Patent NZ-525521-A (NZ)
Title: Isolation and use of white rot fungi
Inventor: FARRELL ROBERTA LEE
IPC: C12N1/14
Filed: 2003-04-24
Abstract: Disclosed is a method of isolating decay fungi which will have a positive effect on non-sterilized wood including the steps of 1) collection of decay fungi; 2) preparation of a cultivation of decay fungi, 3) testing the decay fungi to a. establish production of oxidative enzymes b. establish the ability of the fungi to our grow/inhibit competitor fungi 4) isolation of the desired fungi. Such fungi have an ability to decrease the presence of other, more damaging fungi without significantly damaging the wood, and therefore can be used for enhancing the quality of wood or wood products.
Patent NZ-530988-A (NZ)
Title: Imaging system and methodology employing reciprocal space optical design
Inventor: CARTLIDGE ANDREW G
IPC: G02B21/16
Filed: 2002-07-03
Abstract: An imaging system (digital microscope) includes a sensor 212 with pixel size receptors 214 and an image transfer medium 216 that has a diffraction limited spot size and that scales the receptor size to the diffraction limited spot size in an object field of view 220. The image transfer medium includes a multiple lens set with a first objective lens 234 positioned toward the object field of view and a second transfer lens 236 positioned toward the sensor. The first lens is sized to have a focal length D1 smaller than the focal length D2 of the second lens to provide an apparent reduction of the receptor size within the image transfer medium.
Patent NZ-535089-A (NZ)
Title: A composite armor plate and ceramic bodies for use therein
Inventor: COHEN MICHAEL
IPC: F41H5/04
Filed: 2004-09-03
Abstract: A composite armor plate for absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy from high-velocity projectiles, the plate comprising a single internal layer of pellets which are bound and retained in plate form by an elastic material, substantially internally within the elastic material, such that the pellets are bound in a plurality of spaced-apart rows and columns, the pellets being made of ceramic material, and the pellets being substantially fully embedded in the elastic material so that the pellets form an internal layer, wherein the solidified material and the plate are elastic, and wherein a majority of each of the pellets is in direct contact with six adjacent pellets in the same layer to provide mutual lateral confinement therebetween, each of the pellets being characterized by a body having a substantially regular geometric cross-sectional area and first and second end faces, each of the end faces projecting from the body and having an outwardly decreasing cross-sectional area wherein the height of the end face disposed substantially opposite to an outer impact receiving major surface of the plate is less than 15% of the length of the diameter of the pellet body from which it projects.
Patent NZ-535443-A (NZ)
Title: Arc-resistant switchgear enclosure using protective layers which has insulating properties
Inventor: LAMMERS AREND JAN WILLEM
IPC: H02B13/025
Filed: 2003-03-21
Abstract: Arc-resistant box for a switching system (10) in which there are switching elements, such as a switch (11), a disconnector, and/or a plurality of contacts of the switching system. The arc-resistant box comprises a surrounding casing with a number of electrically conductive plate parts (19), and a protective layer (20) for protecting the arc-resistant box from arcs (6) which occur in the box. At least one of the plate parts (19) forms a shield toward a region which is to be protected on the outer side of the box. The protective layer (20) has insulating properties and is only applied to the at least one plate part (19).
Patent NZ-535799-A (NZ)
Title: Collagen biofabric from a placenta and methods of preparation and use therefor
Inventor: HARIRI ROBERT J
IPC: A61L27/36
Filed: 2003-03-26
Abstract: Disclosed is method of preparing a collagen biofabric from a placenta having an amniotic membrane and a chorionic membrane comprising: (a) separating the amniotic membrane from the chorionic membrane; and (b) decellularizing the amniotic membrane without contacting the amniotic membrane with an exogenous enzyme.