baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000048441-A (KR)
Inventor: AKARIA ARUN
IPC: F25B1/00
Filed: 1999-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An ultra freezing system by variable load is provided to perform cooling by using multi-component refrigerant capable of cooling to an ultra-low temperature and provide a non-harmful and non-combustible multi-component refrigerant fluid which do not exhaust ozone. CONSTITUTION: A freezing method includes the steps of producing a compressed variable load refrigerant mixture by compressing a variable load refrigerant including more than one components selected from a group consisting of fluorocarbon, hydroflouorocarbon and fluoroether and more than one components selected from a group consisting of fluorocarbon, hydroflouorocarbon, hydroclorofluorocarbon and fluoroether, cooling the compressed variable load refrigerant mixture for producing a cooled and compressed variable load refrigerant mixture, expanding and freezing the cooled and compressed variable load refrigerant mixture for producing a variable load refrigerant mixture of a lower temperature, and heating the variable load refrigerant mixture of a lower temperature.
Patent KR-20010058536-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI YOUNG WAN
IPC: G02F2/00
Filed: 1999-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A P+-n-i-p-N+ traveling wave-electro absorption modulator is to match a phase velocity of the light wave with a phase velocity of a microwave, thereby enhancing the bandwidth. CONSTITUTION: A P type layer and an N type layer are doped in a semi-insulating substrate to allow a transmission mode of a microwave to be in a slow-wave mode. A p-i-n diode includes an i-layer of bulk or multiple quantum well(MQW) and absorbs the light wave and provides a modulated light wave. A P-layer is formed on an N+ layer of the p-i-n diode. An N-layer is formed beneath a P+ layer of the p-i-n diode. A PMMA(polymethylmethacrylate) layer is formed on both sidewalls of the p-i-n diode to prevent the light wave from being leaked. A signal electrode(11) is formed on the P+ layer and the PMMA layer. A ground electrode(12,13) is formed on left end portion and right end portion of the N+ layer.
Patent KR-20010066429-A (KR)
Inventor: WOO SEUNG HUN
IPC: B62D3/02
Filed: 1999-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure of a steering linkage for a car is provided to eliminate a change of wheel alignment of a steering wheel generated by a change of a plate spring when the car is suddenly braked or accelerated during travelling. CONSTITUTION: A structure of a steering linkage for a car includes a Pitman arm(6) rotated in a lateral direction of a car body by steering manipulation force transferred from a steering handle(1), a drag link(7) for adjusting a length of shaft, and a tie rod(9) directly connected to the drag link. The drag link has a first shaft member(7a) connected to a front end of the Pitman arm and a second shaft member(7b) connected to the tie rod. The first and second shaft members are connected in a slip joint manner to each other.
Patent KR-20000023722-A (KR)
Inventor: MCDOWGIRL TREBER W
IPC: G01R15/24
Filed: 1999-01-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fiber-optic current sensor compensating band-induced birefringence is provided to improve an accuracy by compensating a bend-induced change. CONSTITUTION: An optical fiber is protected in a tube type holder(12) by an epoxy. A splice portion is formed between a sensing optical sensor and an input optical fiber(14) by a fusion splicing. An other splice portion(40) is arranged near the splice portion. A tube(40) has an outer diameter to be identical to an outer diameter of the tube type holder(12). An epoxy protects the input optical fiber(14) using the tube(40). An output optical fiber(16) is attached to other side end of the sensing optical sensor. One terminal of the sensing optical sensor is projected from a first terminal portion of the tube type holder(12). Other terminal of the sensing optical sensor is projected from a second terminal portion of the tube type holder(12).
Patent KR-20000035963-A (KR)
Title: Fungicidal mixtures
Inventor: MUELLER BERND
IPC: A01N47/24
Filed: 1997-08-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A mixture with improved activation against fungi is provided, which is characterized by more effective using two compounds. CONSTITUTION: The fungicidal mixture which contains in a synergistically effective amount: a) a carbolate of formula (I), in which X means CH and N, n stands for 0, 1 or 2 and R means halogen, C1-C4 alkyl and C1-C4 alkyl halide, wherein the R groups can be different when n stands for 2, one of its salts or adducts; and b) an anilide of formula (II), in which R(1) stands for fluorine or chlorine, or one of its salts or adducts.
Patent KR-20000053325-A (KR)
Title: Drilling device
Inventor: CADET BERNARD
IPC: E21B44/06
Filed: 1997-11-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A drilling device is provided which allows a maintenance of an optimum adjustment of a maximum allowable torque over an entire operating range at the pressure surface without a technical complexity and preventing a head loss at the hydraulic circuit feeding a motor for driving a tool in rotation by the variable property of a head loss as a function of a temperature and hydraulic flow. CONSTITUTION: A drilling device comprises a drilling unit (1) the tool of which(2) is driven in rotation from a hydraulic motor (15) associated with an injection timing gear (8) for generating a pressure force of the drilling unit on the ground, the different actuating members (3, 8, 15) being driven by at least a hydraulic pump (10), through an assembly of hydraulic directional control valves (12, 13, 14) and an assembly of branches (16, 17, 18), such as flexible joints, the two branches (18) supplying the injection timing gear of the drilling system being equipped with a reverser (19) of the direction of the fluid in the injection timing device. On one of the branches of the supply circuit (17) of the hydraulic motor driving in rotation the tool is mounted a fluid measuring device (22, 37), permanently supplying information to a compensating device (23, 38, 39, 49) for subtracting the computed head loss generated by the assembly of the elements of the circuit between two known points of this circuit located on either side of the motor, from the difference of pressure measured between these same two points, the result of this operation actuating the reverser (19) of the direction of the working fluid, if the value exceeds a predetermined value.
Patent KR-20000075467-A (KR)
Title: 폴리카보네이트 에칭 마스크를 이용하는 플라즈마 에칭 방법
IPC: H01J9/02
Filed: 1998-02-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 폴리카보네이트 에칭 마스크를 이용하는 플라즈마 에칭 방법에 관한 것으로서, 마스크로서 폴리카보네이트층을 사용해서 에칭층을 에칭하는 방법을 제공하고, 상기 에칭 방법은 반응실(111)내 에칭 구조물(80)을 배치하는 것을 포함하고, 상기 에칭 구조물은 폴리카보네이트층(88) 아래에 위치하는 에칭층(86)을 포함하고, 상기 폴리카보네이트층은 개구 90을 포함하며, 상기 에칭층은 이온화된 입자의 농도가 적어도 10 11 ions/cm 3 이고, 이온화된 입자의 농도는 실질적으로 반응실 전체에 걸쳐 동일하며, 약 1-30 mtorr 범위의 압력에서 생성되는 저압-고밀도 플라즈마를 사용해서 에칭되고, 에칭 속도를 감소시키기 위해서 불활성 가스가 플라즈마를 형성하는데 사용되는 반응가스의 혼합물에 첨가될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20010068337-A (KR)
Title: Method for manufacture of Al-brass heating coil
Inventor: LEE HAE U
IPC: C22F1/057
Filed: 2000-01-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing an aluminum brass heating coil is provided to minimize anxiety about generation of stress corrosion cracking by optimizing a ratio of iron and lead constituents and a heat treatment temperature for removing residual stress in prescribing constituents of iron and lead added as impurities in the manufacturing process in which copper and zinc are used as main constituents, and aluminum is added. CONSTITUTION: In prescribing constituents of iron and lead added as impurities in the manufacturing process comprising extrusion and drawing processes in which copper and zinc are used as main constituents, and aluminum is added, the method for manufacturing an aluminum brass heating coil is characterized in that a constituent ratio of the iron is prescribed as 0.005 to 0.015, and a constituent ratio of the lead is prescribed as 0.005 to 0.020, wherein the method comprises the process of removing residual stress by heat treating the formed material at a temperature of 530 to 580 deg.C after forming a material to the constituent ratios.
Patent KR-20010073363-A (KR)
Title: Refrigerator door equipped with vacuum insulating material panel
Inventor: CHO HYEON GEUN
IPC: F25D23/02
Filed: 2000-01-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A refrigerator door having a vacuum heat insulation panel is provided to eliminate foam leakage without foaming equipments, and to improve productivity and thermal insulation efficiency by using a vacuum heat insulating panel instead of polyurethane foam. CONSTITUTION: A door of a refrigerator has a vacuum thermal insulating panel instead of urethane foam as a heat insulator. The refrigerator door is composed of an outer door(11), vacuum thermal insulating material(12), EP material(13) and cap decor. The vacuum thermal insulating panel is manufactured with mixing polyol, foaming agent, silicone surfactant, undiluted solution made of catalyst and additives and isocyanate solution. The manufactured vacuum thermal insulating material is vacuumized with sealing a vinyl bag in putting in vinyl coated by aluminum sheet. The EP material as Styrofoam is attached to the circumference of the vacuum thermal insulating material, and contacted to the outer door and the cap decor. The door is manufactured with contacting the vacuum thermal insulating material and the EP material in a space formed by combining the outer door with the cap decor, and with sealing by closing a door liner.
Patent KR-20010076538-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for image inputting having automatic tracking and method of the same
Inventor: PARK IN SEONG
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2000-01-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A video input device including automatic pursuing function and a control method of the same are provided to perform a video transmission conveniently by controlling a video input position at a remote place and pursuing a subject automatically. CONSTITUTION: A camera module(11) processes digital video information of a corresponding pointing direction. A driving unit(12) adjusts the pointing direction, a focus and an illumination of the camera module(11). A server(15) grasps a moving direction of an image which a user appoints to adjust the pointing direction of the camera module(11) in an automatic pursuing mode, or controls the driving unit(12) to adjust the pointing direction of the camera module(11) according to a direct position adjusting command of the user. The server(15) displays on a screen or transmits to outside through a network(13) the digital video information processed through the camera module(11) according to the user's selection.
Patent KR-20010077161-A (KR)
Title: Technique of Internet Advertisement by Ask Banner
Inventor: PARK YOUNG JAE
Filed: 2000-01-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for asking Internet banner is provided for a user to enhance a participation rate to a social and to offer an amusement and to enhance an advertising effect by inserting social concerned contents or interesting contents as a question or a quiz into an advertisement. CONSTITUTION: Social concerned contents or interesting contents are prepared as a question or a quiz and inserted into a banner advertisement. If an Internet user clicks the banner, a picture or a moving image introducing a company name or a commodity of the company is displayed for a predetermined second and the question or a quiz having the social concerned contents or an interesting contents are displayed. If the Internet user answers the question or a quiz, the Internet user has a chance for receiving a free gift and the current page is changed into a homepage of the corresponding company.
Patent KR-20010078579-A (KR)
Title: Measuring method for fissile content in nuclear fuel material using cadmium ratio of neutron counts and its equipment
Inventor: CHA HONG RYEOL
IPC: G01T1/00
Filed: 2000-02-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for measuring fissionable materials of a nuclear fuel using a variation of a cadmium ratio of a neutron coefficient are provided to measure fissionable materials of a nuclear fuel by using a lead shielding body, a polyethylene reflective body, and a cadmium. CONSTITUTION: A lead shielding body(3,12) is installed within an outer tank(1) of a main body. The lead shielding body(3,12) protects a pre-amplifier(16) and a detection tube(17) from a gamma ray. A multitude of detection tube(17) connected with a neutron moderation body(2) and the pre-amplifier(16) is installed between the lead shielding body(3) and the outer tank(1) of the main body. A reflective body(5,11), a cadmium plate(7,8), a nuclear fuel loading case(6), and a neutron storage case(10) are installed at an inner face of the lead shielding body(3). An upper outer tank(18) is installed on an upper portion of the lead shielding body(3) and the outer tank(1) of the main body. An upper shielding body cover(21) including an upper neutron reflective body(19) and an upper lead shielding body(20) is installed on the lead shielding body(3).
Patent KR-20010039531-A (KR)
Inventor: KINGSLEY SIMON P
IPC: H01Q25/00
Filed: 2000-02-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A steerable-beam multiple-feed dielectric resonator antenna is provided to achieve several separate feeds such that several separate beams can be created simultaneously and combined as desired. CONSTITUTION: A dielectric resonator antenna includes a grounded substrate, a dielectric resonator disposed on the grounded substrate and a plurality of feeds for transferring energy into and from different regions of the dielectric resonator, the feeds being activatable individually or in combination so as to produce at least one incrementally or continuously steerable beam which may be steered through a predetermined angle. The dielectric resonator has a cross-section that varies along an axis extending substantially perpendicularly from the grounded substrate.
Patent KR-20010084571-A (KR)
Title: Internet KeyStation System
Inventor: HWANG EUN O
IPC: G06F3/02
Filed: 2000-02-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An Internet key station system is provided to shorten time for connecting to the Internet and increase user's convenience. CONSTITUTION: A key interface(31) includes a general character input key, an Internet shortening key, a functional key and a connection key. An IC card interface(32) reads and records data of an IC card(4) independently operated and liked to the key interface(31) in case of using services. An MMC(Multimedia Memory Card) interface(33) reads and records data of an MMC card(5) independently operated. A mike interface(34) intermediates a connection between a sound card(23) of a system body and a microphone jack. A speaker interface(35) intermediates a connection between the sound card(23) of the system body and a speaker jack.
Patent KR-20000030706-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE WON SOO
Filed: 2000-03-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A used car trade method to provide discount and rebate service in a case of trading a used car using the internet and an affiliated card is provided to get a discount service and a rebate service, capable of being transferring into cash, in a case of trading a used car using the internet and an affiliated card. CONSTITUTION: In a case of trading a used car using an affiliated card, cash as much as points accumulated by the usage of the affiliated card is discounted or rebated. Accordingly, a used car trade method to provide the discount and rebate service in a case of trading a used car using the internet and an affiliated card provides rapid and outstanding goods with much interest to consumers, and much demand and supply to companies.
Patent KR-20010092071-A (KR)
Title: Process for preparing polyester fiber having an excellent deodorizing power
Inventor: CHOI GYEONG SU
IPC: D01F6/62
Filed: 2000-03-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of polyester fiber is provided, which has deodorization, hygroscopic property, inhibition of electrostatic generation, radiation of far infrared ray and absorption of electromagnetic wave. CONSTITUTION: The polyester fiber is obtained by adding and mixing 2-10wt. of micro charcoal having 0.1-1μm of mean particle diameter and 200-500m¬2/g of internal surface area and 0.1-10wt. of silane group compound(formula 1 : H2NXSi(OR)n) as an inhibitor of pressure rising, followed by melt-spinning. In the formula 1, X represents C1-C10; R represents C1-C5; and n is an integer of 1-5. The inhibitor of pressure rising is selected from a group containing amino methyl tri-methoxy silane, amino methyl tri-ethoxy silane, 2-amino ethyl tri-methoxy silane, 2-amino ethyl tri-ethoxy silane, 3-amino propyl tri-methoxy silane, 3-amino propyl tri-ethoxy silane, 4-amino butyl tri-methoxy silane, 4-amino butyl tri-ethoxy silane, 5-amino pentyl tri-methoxy silane and 5-amino pentyl tri-ethoxy silane.
Patent KR-20010090215-A (KR)
Title: a integrated connection service system of individual internet broadcasting
Inventor: JUNG JONG HUN
IPC: G06F17/00
Filed: 2000-03-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A personal internet broadcasting integrated connection service method is provided to easily and organically connect internet broadcasting viewers with medium and small internet broadcasting service providers by installing an internet broadcasting integrated center homepage capable of unitedly managing information of each internet broadcasting service provider. CONSTITUTION: Personal internet broadcasting providers record information on contents to be broadcasted using an information movement program provided from a homepage of an internet broadcasting integrated management service center. In addition, the providers transmit the information to the internet broadcasting integrated management center. The records on the information transmitted to the management center are classified and registered in the homepage. Services are continuously provided to viewers in order for the viewers who connect to the homepage to check summary information on various broadcasting information registered. In case that the viewer connecting to the homepage selects a broadcasting, the viewer is moved to a relevant broadcasting station in the homepage and connected in order to view the broadcasting.
Patent KR-20010093502-A (KR)
Title: Startup safety device with semi-auto transmission in heavy vehicles
Inventor: PARK YANG U
IPC: F02N11/10
Filed: 2000-03-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A safety apparatus is provided to prevent accident caused when the driver carelessly starts the motor vehicle at the state where the transmission gear is in an engaged condition. CONSTITUTION: A safety apparatus comprises a start key state detection unit(15) for detecting start key state in an electrical signal; a gear position sensor(12) attached to a transmission(1) equipped with a clutch booster(3), and which detects transmission state of gear in an electrical signal; a micro computer(11) for receiving signals output from the start key state detection unit and gear position sensor, converting the transmission into a neutral position by operating a shift unit(13) connected to an air tank(9) if the transmission gear is engaged as a first stage or reverse, informing a display unit(14) of a current stage and starting an engine(2) by operating a start motor(4) installed in the engine, and outputting error codes to the display unit upon occurrence of error including cases where the transmission gear is not shifted to the neutral position even after completion of such control operation; and a the display unit for displaying error codes in accordance with the control of the micro computer.
Patent KR-20010097727-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUNG KYUNG HO
IPC: C09J193/00
Filed: 2000-04-25
Abstract: 본 발명은 탄닌(tannin)을 사용한 접착제조성물에 관한 것으로, 특히 나무껍질로부터 추출한 컨덴스트 탄닌을 사용하여 고무와 섬유로 이루어진 복합체(예, 타이어)용 접착제 조성물 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 소정량의 증류수와 소정량의 컨덴스트탄닌을 혼합하여 잘 용해시킨 후 용해되지 않은 이물질을 여과한 다음, 소정량의 37% 포르말린 용액, 소정량의 10% 가성소다 용액을 첨가한 후 축합 반응을 진행하여 합성된 수지에 소정량의 스티렌-부타디엔-비닐피리딘 라텍스(41% 고체)를 첨가하여 잘 분산시킨 후 상온에서 숙성시켜 조성되는 탄닌을 이용한 접착제조성물 제조방법을 제공하고 있다.
Patent KR-20010103937-A (KR)
Inventor: MUN IN SUK
Filed: 2000-05-12
Abstract: 본 발명은 미용실 이용고객이 무료로 미용실을 이용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 미용실을 매개로 네트워크망을 이용한 광고장치 및 그 운영방법에 관한 것으로서, 상기 미용실을 매개로 네트워크망을 이용한 광고장치는 소정 자사 물품에 대한 광고를 제공하는 제 1내지 제 N광고회사(100-100n)와, 상기 제 1내지 제 N광고회사(100-100N)로부터 제공받은 상기 광고 및 미용실·고객의 등록절차에 따라 부여된 미용실고유코드·회원고유코드를 저장하는 한편, 상기 등록된 회원으로부터의 구매의사 발생시에 그 구매등록데이터를 저장하는 광고서버시스템(200) 및, 상기 광고서버시스템(200)으로부터 소정 네트워크망을 매개하여 상기 광고를 전송받고, 소정 키이조작에 따라 미용실 일측에 제공되는 디스플레이부(318)에 상기 광고를 표시하도록 하는 광고기능제어모듈(310)를 포함하여 구성되며, 그에 따라 미용실 이용고객은 디스플레이되는 광고만을 시청하는 것만으로 무료로 미용실을 이용할 수가 있고, 광고회사는 미용실을 매개로 자사의 특정 물품을 지속적으로 광고할 수가 있어 광고인지효과를 극대화 시켜 매출증대를 기대할 수가 있는 잇점이 있다.
Patent KR-20010104902-A (KR)
Inventor: AHN GEUN JU
Filed: 2000-05-16
Abstract: 본 발명은 특정 웹 페이지에 해당되는 링크를 목록형태로 저장하는 북마크(book mark)를 텍스트 형태가 아닌 영상광고 형태로 제공함으로써, 생동감이 있고 광고효과를 증가시킨 영상광고 형태의 북마크 설정방법 및 시스템에 관한 것이다. 
     이를 위해, 클라이언트는 인터넷망에 연결된 북마크 제공서버에 기 등록된 이미지 형태의 북마크의 정보를 다운로드하여 업데이트하고; 북마크 정보가 업데이트되면, 클라이언트는 브라우저를 통하여 방문한 소정 사이트를 북마크로 등록할 것인지 확인하며; 소정 사이트의 북마크 등록이 선택되면, 클라이언트는 북마크 제공서버로 소정의 사이트에 대응하는 북마크의 다운로드를 요청하고; 북마크 제공서버는 기 저장된 북마크 중에서 소정 사이트에 대응하는 북마크를 검출하여 클라이언트로 다운로드하며; 북마크 제공서버는 다운로드된 북마크를 클라이언트에 대응하여 저장하고; 클라이언트는 다운로드된 북마크를 저장한다. 
     따라서, 클라이언트는 북마크에서 웹사이트를 용이하게 식별할 수 있으며, 서비스 서버는 웹사이트에 대한 광고효과를 극대화할 수 있다. 또한, 서비스 서버에서 북마크를 주기적으로 업데이트함으로써, 클라이언트에게 신선함을 제공한다. 또한, 클라이언트로 다운로드된 북마크의 정보를 북마크 제공서버에 저장하고 로그인한 클라이언트에게 기 저장된 북마크를 제공함으로써, 클라이언트가 다른 시스템을 이용하더라도 북마크를 이용할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20000058470-A (KR)
Inventor: WOO BOO GOO
IPC: A63B19/00
Filed: 2000-05-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A hula hoop is provided, which generates sound in exercise. CONSTITUTION: The hula hoop comprises a round hoop (1); inner projections (2); and inner music projections (3); and the music projections (3) is made of an elastic material (5). When a user exercises using the hula hoop, air gets vent through an air exit (4) and gets in and sound is generated by the air compression.
Patent KR-20010108754-A (KR)
Inventor: LIM JI SU
Filed: 2000-05-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 샘플 및 홀더부에 구비된 스위치의 제어신호를 아날로그 입력신호에 종속되게 구성하여 애퍼처 불확정도를 줄이고, 3-스테이지 비교기를 통해 순차적으로 리셋 스위치를 오프시켜 클럭 피드스루를 줄인 SAR 아날로그-디지털 변환기를 제공하기 위한 것으로, 이를 위해 본 발명은 SAR(Successive Approximation Resister) 아날로그-디지털 변환기에 있어서, 제어신호에 응답하여 아날로그 입력 신호를 샘플링하여 홀딩하되, 상기 아날로그 입력신호에 응답하여 상기 아날로그 입력신호를 상기 비교 수단으로 스위칭하여 애퍼처 불확정도를 줄이는 샘플 및 홀더 회로부; 상기 아날로그 입력 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환시키기 위한 기준값이 되는 디지털 신호를 아날로그 신호로 변환하는 디지털-아날로그 변환 수단; 제1 내지 제3 리셋 신호에 응답하여 각 스테이지를 순차적으로 오프시키면서 상기 샘플 및 홀더 회로부로부터 출력되는 아날로그 입력 신호와 상기 디지털-아날로그 변환 수단으로부터 출력되는 기준 아날로그 신호를 비교하는 3-스테이지 비교 수단; 및 SAR 레지스터를 포함하여 상기 3-스테이지 비교 수단으로부터 출력되는 비교결과에 응답하여 기준값이 되는 디지털 신호를 제어하는 제어로직 수단을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20000058614-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM IN DYEK
IPC: G09B29/00
Filed: 2000-06-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: Assembled-type traffic maps connected to one another in all direction is provided to increase a lifetime of a map, and prevents a bent part of the map from being damaged. CONSTITUTION: A total map is divided into several sections. Each section is bent as two parts. A magnet is fixed to each connection part of the map sections, so that the map sections are easily connected to one another by means of the magnet. A color, number, and alphabet are indicated to each connection part. The magnet is fixed to a front surface of the map, and thin steel is fixed to a back surface of the map. Thereby, a lifetime of a map is increased, a bent part of the map is not damaged by a user's frequent handing.