Patent EA-001984-B1 (EA)
Title: Piston machine
IPC: F16H21/36
Filed: 1999-06-04
Abstract: 1. A piston machine comprising at least one axially movable piston in a cylinder, the piston being connected to a rotating power input or power output shaft through a preferably hollow and cylindrical piston-rod (2) which is connected to a crosshead yoke (5) disposed perpendicularly to the piston-rod axis, in which crosshead yoke (5) two crosshead slides (14,14*) are disposed on each their crank pin journal (7,7' or 8,8') and fitted in between sliding surfaces (6,6') formed in the crosshead yoke, where they synchronized are forced to perform sliding along the yoke in mutual perfect opposition, as the two crank pin discs (9,9') or double cranks (15,15') interacting via yoke are forced to rotate with identical rpm in mutual opposite direction of rotation and adjusted in such a way that the two crosshead slides on exact same time are situated in the positions in the yoke, where the piston is in its top or bottom dead point, characterised in that the yoke is provided with top and bottom flanges (12 and 12'), which at their mutually facing side surfaces form longitudinal sliding surfaces (6,6'), or are basis of fastening of longitudinal sliding surfaces (6,6') fastened thereon, wherebetween the two crosshead slides (14,14') at each side of the web part of the yoke in mutual opposition perform their sliding movements along the yoke, as they at the middle of this pass each other and perform outward strokes, which for both slides at the exact same time is finished by their turning of their direction of sliding equidis-tantly from the middle of the yoke, where pistons (1,1') at their piston-rods (2,2') are fastened on the outward facing side surface of the top flange and/or bottom flange of the yoke, and that the pistons (1,1') thereby are arranged directly over the associated power input or power output shaft. 2. A piston machine according to claim 1, characterised in that that the crosshead yoke (5) interacts with two crank pin discs (9,9') which at both sides of the yoke are rotated about their individual axes (11,11') situated in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis (16), which they pass through, or are offset laterally equidistantly to, as they extend perpendicularly toward the yoke which is given a mainly I-shaped cross section having a central web part (17) with projecting top and bottom flanges (12,12'). 3. A piston machine according to claim 1,characterised in that the crosshead yoke (5) interacts with two crankshafts (10,10') which laid side-by-side are rotated with mutually opposite direction of rotation about their axes (18,18') disposed in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis (16) at sufficient distance (A) from each other and each at the same distance (B = VzA) from the middle of the yoke, as they are directed perpendicularly against the yoke, where the crank pin journals (8,8') are passed through elongated cut-outs (19,19') formed in each end of the central web part (17) of an I-shaped yoke, or passed through the longitudinal apertures in a crosshead yoke with sliding surface beams (37,37'), where the crank pin journals each are suspended in their individual crosshead slide bushing formed by two halves (29,29') in the interacting crosshead slides (14,14') also formed of two halves (27,27'), and thus by then-rotation effects that the crosshead slides perform their sliding along the sliding surfaces (6,6') of the crosshead yoke in exact mutual opposition. 4. A piston machine according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the crosshead yoke (5) is formed by two identical, mainly T-shaped section members (20,20') which both extend in the full length of the crosshead yoke and are mutually joined by the web part (21) of the first section being laid against the web part (21') of the second section with the top flange (22) of the first section facing upward and the top flange (22') of the second section facing downward, respectively, as the web parts of the two sections are given a longitudinal engaging groove (33,33') and a engaging projection (34,34') interacting with this groove, respectively, and are held clamped together with preferably tight-fitting bolts (23) suited therefore and thus jointly constitute the central web part (17) in a crosshead yoke with I-shaped cross section hereby formed, and which is made symmetrical about its longitudinal central vertical plane by the two top flanges of the sections being given a projection on one side of theirs web part which is the thickness of then- web part (T) longer than that on the opposite side of the web part and hereby form sliding surfaces (6,6'), or is basis of fastening of sliding surfaces (6,6') provided thereon, of identical width on each side of the central web part of the I-yoke. 5. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 4, characterised in that the crosshead yokes (5) used in the machine, on both their top and bottom flanges (12 and 12'), or on their sliding surface beams (37,37'), are formed for or have a basis for fastening of attaching piston-rods (2,2') which at each side of the yoke are disposed in one and the same piston axis wherein they with their pistons (1,1') operate perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of then- common yoke. 6. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the piston-rods (2,2') fastened on the crosshead yoke (5) are fastened rigidly to the yoke with a piston bolt (48,48') provided centrally in the top of the piston and passed down through the piston-rod in order to be screwed with a piston bolt fitting (48,48'), which is made in one with the yoke and designed so that it engages the piston-rod and exactly fix this to its correct position on the yoke. 7. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the piston-rods (2,2') fastened on the main yoke (5) are fastened rigidly to the yoke by providing a fastening fitting with locking projections (36,36') on it, the locking projections being able to be pushed from the end of the yoke into a groove formed between reinforcing ribs on the top flange (12) and bottom flange (12') of the crosshead yoke and designed with locking grooves (35,35') engaging the locking projections by screwing down two pointed screws with flat ends (49,49') provided in the foot plate part (50,50') of the fastening fitting above the middle of the yoke, which is only performed after the crosswise groove (51) of the fastening fitting is correctly disposed on the yoke in order here to accommodate a rectangular and rigid fastening pin (54,54') protruding from the bottom of the piston-rod, and which, after being inserted into the crosswise groove, is fastened by passing a tight-fitting bolt (52,52') through holes in the side plates of the groove and through a hole in the fastening pin (55,55') prepared therefore. 8. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the piston-rods (2,2') fastened on the main yoke (5) are fastened rigidly to the yoke by screwing on it a fastening fitting (56,56') with a crosswise groove (51,51') accommodating a rectangular and rigid fastening pin (54,54') extending from a cylindrical basis of fastening (59,59') soldered into the end of the piston-rod, as the fastening pin is adapted to the crosswise groove where it after insertion is fastened by passing a tight-fitting screw (52,52') through a fit-hole in the thinner side plate part (57,57') of the fitting and in through a hereto formed fit-hole (55,55') in the fastening pin (54,54'), while the threaded peg of the tight-fitting screw is screwed into a thread in the thicker side plate part (58,58'). 9. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the piston-rods (2,2') fastened on the main yoke (5) are fastened rigidly to the yoke by having formed crosswise grooves (44,44'), or by having fastening fitting with crosswise grooves on it, accommodating a rectangular and long fastening pin (61,61') extending from a cylindrical basis of fastening (59,59') fastened suitably deeply inside the piston-rod, as the fastening pin because of its length functions as a spring element which after its insertion and fastening in the groove due to its relative stifmess ensures that the piston-rod sets perpendicularly to the yoke, by its spring qualities and its fastening deep inside the piston-rod anyway reduces the actions to which a piston-rod rigidly fastened on the yoke and its piston (1,1') are exposed by actions caused by unsuitably large play in the synchronizing mechanism determined by tolerance or occurring following wear, which makes the yoke to bend its longitudinal axis, though minimally, out from a position exactly perpendicular to the axis of the piston-rod. 10. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 9, characterised in that the hollow cylindrical piston-rods (2,2') immediately at their insertion in the bottom of the cylinder are supported by a piston-rod guide (62,62') having a support ring (63,63') with a smooth and wear-resisting slide bushing (64,64') and relatively narrow stay ribs extending radially from the support ring and connecting this with an outer ring (66,66') fitted in the cylinder liner (4,4') and hereby forming apertures (65,65') allowing oil drops and oil saturated air fog appearing under the piston (1,1') during operation to be sucked in and out of the space under the piston and hereby partly supply lubrication to the cylinder walls and conduct heat away to the pressure oil lubricated crank pin disc or crank chamber, which conducting away of heat may be further enhanced by filling a suitable amount of sodium in the closed hollow of the inner of the piston-rod end, the sodium melting to liquid during operation and being flung to and fro between the basis of fastening of the piston and the bottom basis of fastening of the piston-rod. 11. A piston machine according to claim 1 to 10, characterised in that the crosshead slides (14,14') moved in opposition in the crosshead yoke (5) are assembled from two identical slide halve