baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-498463-A (GB)
Title: Process for the isomerisation of normal pentane
IPC: C07C5/27
Filed: 1937-05-05
Abstract: Normal pentane is converted into isopentane by subjecting it to contact with a catalyst comprising aluminium chloride in the presence of hydrogen chloride at temperatures of the order of atmospheric up to 200 DEG  C., the aluminium chloride being used in an amount not exceeding 10 per cent, and the hydrogen chloride in an amount not exceeding 2 per cent by weight of the normal pentane.  Alternatively, normal pentane mixed with not more than two per cent of hydrogen chloride is passed continuously through a granular catalyst comprising anhydrous aluminium chloride on a relatively inert carrier within the same temperature range and under superatmospheric pressure, preferably about 10 atmos. to effect the isomerization. Hydrocarbon fractions consisting largely of pentane such as low-boiling motor fuel fractions may be treated to increase their anti-knock rating.  The granular catalysts comprising aluminium chloride and carriers such as fuller's earth, silica, firebrick or activated carbon may be used in the batch as well as the continuous process.ALSO:Normal pentane is converted into isopentane by subjecting it to contact with a catalyst comprising aluminium chloride in the presence of hydrogen chloride at temperatures of the order of atmospheric up to 200 DEG  C., the aluminium chloride being used in an amount not exceeding 10 per cent, and the hydrogen chloride in an amount not exceeding 2 per cent by weight of the normal pentane.  Alternatively, normal pentane mixed with not more than 2 per cent of hydrogen chloride is passed continuously through a granular catalyst comprising anhydrous aluminium chloride on a relatively inert carrier within the same temperature range and under superatmospheric pressure, preferably above 10 atmos., to effect the isomerization.  Hydrocarbon fractions consisting largely of pentane such as low-boiling motor fuel fractions may be treated to increase their antiknock rating.  The granular catalysts comprising aluminium chloride and carriers such as fuller's earth, silica, firebrick or activated carbon may be used in the batch as well as the continuous process.  They may conveniently be maintained in suspension in the liquid hydrocarbon, the time of contact ranging from 1/2 hr. to 4-5 days according to the temperature.  The products may be fractionated to recover the isomeric products, the unconverted hydrocarbon being returned.  In examples: (1) pentane is introduced with 10 per cent aluminium chloride and 1 per cent hydrogen chloride into a vessel at about 5 atmos. which is heated for 3 hrs. at about 100 DEG  C.; (2) pentane vapour with about 1 per cent by volume of hydrogen chloride is passed through a granular catalyst comprising about equal weights of aluminium chloride and activated carbon at 200 DEG  C. and 30 atmos.  Unconverted pentane is recycled.
Patent GB-1348108-A (GB)
Title: Transmission of television images
IPC: H04N7/12
Filed: 1972-07-21
Abstract: 1348108 Television GRUNDIG EMVELEKTRO - MECHANISCHE VERSUCHSANSTALT MAX GRUNDIG 21 July 1972 [23 July 1971] 34150/72 Heading H4F To reduce the bandwidth of a normal television signal S1 so that it can be transmitted over the narrow bandwidth line 5, the signal S1 is stored at normal speed in magnetic tape store 2 until the whole picture has been recorded, the picture then being read out (S2/S3) one section at a time, e.g. one line at a time-into a first intermediate store 4 and the line in store 4 then being read out, at a reduced rate, into line 5. At the receiver station the reduced rate picture section is stored in second intermediate store 6 from which it is read-out at normal speed into a second magnetic tape store 7. When store 7 contains the whole picture, it is read out at normal speed to display terminal 8.
Patent GB-646396-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with electromagnetic hammer devices
IPC: B25D13/00
Filed: 1947-12-24
Abstract: 646,396. Reciprocating rotors. HULST, J. VAN. Dec. 24, 1947, No. 34187. Convention date, May 23, 1944. [Class 35] In a reciprocating hammer motor, the two selectively energizable windings are each divided into four or more sections separated by teeth of magnetic material and the unwound plunger has a length approximating one and a third winding lengths plus the spacing between the inner ends of the windings. As shown, the plunger 10 has hollowed ends 16, 26, also axial slots such as 18 to reduce eddy currents and some of the slots contain balls and rods-17. to guide the plunger within the toothed laminated stator. The two sets of winding sections 14, 15 can be energized alternately through switches not described which may be operated by the plunger or if the supply is A.C. rectifying triodes may be used. The stator laminµ are held by clamps 12.
Patent GB-1015248-A (GB)
Title: Inductive windings
IPC: H01H9/42
Filed: 1962-09-06
Abstract: 1,015,248. Sparking preventing in switches. SIEMENS & HALSKE A.G. Sept. 6, 1962 [Sept. 22, 1961], No. 34254/62. Heading H2B. [Also in Division H1] In order to prevent sparking at contacts in series with an inductive winding such as a relay coil the winding has two leads TW1a, TW2e between which extend a plurality of turns such that all the turns are in series, the turns having been wound so that they form a plurality (two as shown) of multiturn component windings connected in series, with each turn (1) of one component winding in juxtaposition and parallel to a corresponding turn (2) of the other component winding whereby the inductive winding exhibits capacitance across the two leads.
Patent GB-619014-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of unsaturated alcohols
Filed: 1946-11-19
Abstract: b  : g -Unsaturated alcohols are prepared by reacting a saturated, non-aromatic, non-tertiary alcohol with an unsaturated non-aromatic aldehyde or ketone in which an olefinic linkage is situated between two aliphatic carbon atoms, one of which is directly linked to the carbonyl group, the reaction being effected in the vapour phase at an elevated temperature and in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst. The reaction proceeds in such a manner that the carbonyl group of the ketone or aldehyde is replaced by an alcohol group.  Suitable ketones include the methyl and ethyl vinyl ketones, methyl isopropenyl ketone, methyl-2-propenyl ketone, hexene-3-one-2, mesityl oxide, artemesia ketone, vinyl cyclohexyl ketone, cyclohexenyl isopropenyl ketone, divinyl ketone, di-isopropenyl ketone and di-(2-propenyl) ketone.  Suitable aldehydes are acrolein, crotonaldehyde, tiglic aldehyde, methacrolein, ethacrolein, b -methylcroton-aldehyde, a  : g -dimethylcrotonic aldehyde, b -ethylcrotonaldehyde, propargylic aldehyde.  Suitable alcohols include saturated alkyl and cycloalkyl carbinols.  Preferred catalysts are chosen from the oxides of metals of the second group of the Periodic Table, e.g. magnesium oxide and mixtures of these oxides with other metallic oxides combined if desired with a material having hydrogenation-dehydrogenation activity in the temperature range of the reaction, such as copper, iron, magnetite, iron oxide, alumina, zinc oxide and chromium oxide. Specified catalytic combinations are magnesium oxide and zinc oxide and chromium oxide and alumina.  Reaction temperatures are maintained between about 200 DEG  and 500 DEG  C., preferably between about 350 DEG  and 450 DEG  C.  The catalyst may be regenerated after use, e.g. by burning with air.  Numerous examples describe the formation of allyl alcohol by reaction of methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl alcohol with acrolein under various conditions as well as the preparation by the process of the invention of methallyl alcohol, methylvinyl carbinol, 2-methyl-2-penten-4-ol, methyl isopropenyl carbinol and butenol.
Patent GB-332495-A (GB)
Inventor: WILHELM BRAUNING
IPC: B61D9/02
Filed: 1929-11-09
Abstract: 332,495. Wirz, E. Nov. 9, 1928, [Convention date]. Tipping-carts.-In tipping-carts which may be tipped beyond the dead centre of the load a restraining device is provided acting on the body at or near the dead centre of the load and when the dead centre is passed and the load discharged returns the body to the lowering side of the dead centre whereby the body can return bv gravity to its normal position. As shown, the tipping arrangement comprises an hydraulic cylinder and ram b and the restraining device consists of a cylinder d and piston provided with a rope or chain h secured to the body a and passing over a pulley g. The cylinder d may be supplied by oil through the pipe e from the same source as the hydraulic apparatus b. As the body a approaches the dead centre position i the device d offers increasing resistance and also pulls the body back after the load has been discharged and the body has passed the dead centre.
Patent GB-431828-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to moistening or gumming devices for envelopes and the like
IPC: B43M11/00
Filed: 1934-11-29
Abstract: <PICT:0431828/III/1> A device for moistening or gumming the flaps of envelopes comprises a guide plate 5, a liquid-containing tank 1, and a moistener 3 extending transversely of, and at a small distance from, the guide plate, so as to form a slot 6 therewith to receive the flap 11 of an envelope 10, the moistener acting also to open the flap as the envelope is drawn along the guide plate.  The moistener may consist of absorbent material bent over a non-corrosive bar 2, or of a small roll dipping in the tank 1.  A removable cover 4, and a hook member 8 may be provided, the latter enabling the device to be used in either a horizontal or a vertical position.
Patent GB-813737-A (GB)
Title: A method for providing ripe cheese with a protective coating of synthetic foil
IPC: A23C19/16
Filed: 1957-11-04
Abstract: Unripe cheese, rendered slippery such as by applying solutions of citrate, phosphate, as condensed phosphate, is forced into a distended, elastic, air-permeable, water-impermeable synthetic tube, e.g. of polyamide or polyvinylidene chloride, which is then sealed with exclusion of air; the unripe cheese may be pasteurised using hot water at 85 DEG C. and ripened thus packed.  When one end of the tube or casing is closed prior to filling with the cheese, a pipe may be introduced along the inner wall to avoid entrapping air.  The tube may be impregnated with bactericide.
Patent GB-605301-A (GB)
Title: Stretchwrapping device
IPC: B65B11/54
Filed: 1945-12-19
Abstract: A fruit or vegetable, e.g. an orange, tomato or egg plant, is wrapped in a film of thermostretchable material, e.g. rubber hydrochloride, the fruit or vegetable being pushed against a heated film of the material drawn over a hole in a table and twisted in a bag so formed by the movement of a pair of belts, one at each side, moving with different speeds, and the upper twisted part of the bag being finally severed by a hot wire (see Group XVII).
Patent GB-521733-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the production of copper base alloys
IPC: C22C9/00
Filed: 1938-11-26
Abstract: 521,733. Alloys; annealing. M A L L O R Y METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS, Ltd. (Mallory & Co., Inc. P. R.). Nov. 26, 1938, No. 34490,  [Classes 72 and 82 (i)] An age-hardenable copper alloy particularly for welding electrodes and electric contacts contains 0 05 - 3 per cent. of beryllium, 0À05 - 4 per cent. of silver, and 0À05 - 10 per cent. of nickel. Small amounts of one or more of the following elements may be present as impurities : silicon, zirconium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium, and lithium. Heat - treatment, which may follow hot working may comprise quenching the cast material from 700-900‹C. and ageing at 250- 600‹C. The material may be cold worked after ageing.
Patent GB-212982-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in records for gramophones and like machines
IPC: G11B17/02
Filed: 1922-12-19
Abstract: 212,982. Rogers, H. A. Dec. 19, 1922. Disc records.-The sound track is produced by rotating the blank at a varying angular velocity such that the linear velocity of the sound track progressively changes, the ratio between the initial and final linear velocities lying between unity and the ratio of the initial to the final radial distance of the needle on the record. When the record contains a number of items, these may be separated by raised, lowered, or coloured lines 5. Raised parts 10, 11 may also be provided at the beginning and end of each item to facilitate the finding of the starting point and to raise the needle to bring stopping into operation.
Patent GB-373204-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the valves of dry gas meters
IPC: G01F3/22
Filed: 1930-11-18
Abstract: 373,204. Gas meters. BINGHAM, J. H., The Wakehams, Dorney Common, Buckinghamshire, and GLOVER & CO., Ltd., G., Ranelagh Meter Works, Royal Avenue, Chelsea, London. Nov. 18, 1930, Nos. 34694/30 and 13689/31. [Class 54.] The diaphragm pans 5 of a gas' meter are mounted on separate walls 4 which form a chamber in the meter casing connected to the exhaust pipe 13 and into which the outlet ports 8 in valve plates open directly. One inlet port 7 in each valve plate 3 communicates through conduits 9, 10 with the measuring chambers outside and inside one diaphragm 6 respectively. In Figs. 1 and 3 the valves 12 are reciprocated above the plates 3 by slotted arms 21 which are oscillated about pivots 22 by engagement with cranks 23 set at 90‹ on a shaft 20 rotated by the diaphragms through flag-wire mechanism 16, 17. 18. A pin 25 on the valve and adjustable transversely to the direction of movement of the valve engages in a transversely adjustable slotted plate 33 on the arm 21. The guide stems 28 of the valves slide in forks 29 which may carry rollers 30 for maintaining the valves in contact with the valve plates. In a modification the valve pins 25 engage slotted bars carried by parallel cranks rotated by the flagwire mechanism. In Fig. 7 the valves 39 are oscillated about pivots 40 by eccentrically mounted arms 21 engaging adjustable pins 25. The arms 21 may be mounted on the same pivot 22 the cranks 23 by which they are operated being then made of unequal throws. In another modification the valves are oscillated by being linked to the flag-rods which are situated in diametrically opposite corners of the casing.
Patent GB-1322651-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for controlling combined optical and sound reproduction system
IPC: G03B31/00
Filed: 1971-07-23
Abstract: 1322651 Associated working of recording- and - playback apparatus DEJUR - AMSCO CORP 23 July 1971 [24 Sept 1970] 34749/71 Heading G5R The starting and stopping of the reproduction of intelligence from either of two record media (e.g. photographic film and magnetic tape) is controlled by information recorded on the other. As described, a film projector and a tape recorder control each other to show a sequence of pictures at the same times as their associated sound tracks are played back, by means of a photo-electrically-sensed optical control track on the film, a magnetic control track on the tape, and a control circuit, Fig. 3 (not shown), which allots control to the film projector and to the tape recorder in turn so that, in general, one runs while the other is stationary. Features of the projector are described in Specifications 1,322,652 and 1,322,653.
Patent GB-888345-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to magnetrostictive transducers
Inventor: DORY JACQUES
IPC: B06B3/00
Filed: 1959-10-14
Abstract: 888,345. Magnetostrictive elements ; ultrasonic wave-couplings. REALISATIONS ULTRASONIQUES. Oct. 14, 1959, No. 34852/59. Class 40 (4). Nickel laminations of magnetostrictive elements 2, 3, 4 attached to an aluminium block or coupling 1 for transmitting ultrasonic waves are gripped in slots in bolts 6, Figs. 1, 2, the bolts being screwed into holes in the block. In Fig. 1, the laminations are brazed to the head of the bolt 6. In Fig. 2, the bolt has a tapered shank and the sides of the slot grip the laminations as the bolt is screwed home. Oil is left in the cavities 7 to improve the coupling. The laminations are coated in epoxy resin before fixing in position.
Patent GB-1353519-A (GB)
Title: Fluorination of organic compounds
IPC: C07C57/50
Filed: 1971-07-26
Abstract: 1353519 Fluorination of organic compounds MERCK & CO Inc 26 July 1971 [3 Aug 1970 18 June 1971] 34887/71 Heading C2C [Also in Division C3] Substitutive fluorination of an organic compound containing at least one replaceable hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom is effected by contacting the organic compound in the liquid or solid state with a C 1-5  fluoroxyperfluoroalkane or fluoroxypentafluorosulphur in the presence of a free-radical initiator, e.g. light, ionizing radiation or a chemical chain initiator, such as an azo compound, e.g. azo-bis-isobutyronitrile. The substrate is preferably dissolved in a solvent inert to the fluorination reaction, e.g. fluorotrichloromethane or similar halogenated alkane or a strong acid such as liquid HF, fluorosulphonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or sulphuric acid. Substrates include mono- or polynuclear aromatic or alicyclic compounds, alkanes, alkenes, amino acids, fatty acids or their amides and heterocyclic compounds. Many specific examples are given including the preparation of 3-fluoro-D-alanine, 3-fluoro-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, 3- and 4-fluoro-1-aminoadamantane, difluoro-#-caprolactam acid trifluoro-#- caprolactam. Preparation of intermediates is described as follows: 2-Methylindanone is reacted with cyanacetic acid to form 2-methylinden-3-acetic acid which is reacted with p-methylthiobenzaldehyde to yield 2-methyl-1-(p-methylthiobenzylidene)-inden-3-acetic acid; oxidation with sodium periodate gives 2-methyl-1-(p-methyl sulphinylbenzylidene)inden-3-acetic acid; a Grignard reagent formed from 4-bromobibenzyl was reacted with acetone to form 4-(2-phenethyl)-phenylpropanol-2 which was reacted with NaCN in glacial acetic acid to form α,α-dimethyl-N- formyl-4-phenethylbenzylamine; the latter was treated with HCl to form 4-(2-phenethyl)-α,α- dimethylbenzylamine. HCl. 5 - Fluoro - 2 - methyl - 1 - (p - methylsulphinylbenzylidene)-inden-3-acetic acid has utility as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent and can be administered orally, rectally, parenterally or topically. 4-(2-Phenyl- 1,1,2,2 - tetrafluoroethyl) - α,α - dimethylbenzylamine is useful as an antiarrythmic agent for administration orally or parenterally in compositions containing conventional pharmaceutical carriers or excipients.
Patent GB-1037088-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrically-operated kettles
IPC: A47J27/21
Filed: 1964-08-26
Abstract: 1,037,088. Electric kettle. W. H. B. THORNTON. March 16, 1965 [Aug. 26, 1964], No. 34926/64. Headings A4A and A4D. [Also in Division H2] An electric kettle 1 has pins 32 (Fig. 3, not shown) and bolts 31 for receiving either of two plug-in units which form a handle 2 or part of the handle, the first unit incorporating a swith 8 (Fig. 4, not shown) connectible in the internal circuit of the kettle 1 together with a timing mechanism for closing the switch 8 at a predetermined time, and the second unit incorporating bridging means to complete the internal circuit of the kettle. To make tea automatically using the first unit the timing mechanism is set by dial 5, switch 8 is opened by plunger 9, and a push button 24 is pushed in to allow switch 14 (see Division H2) in the internal circuit to close, thus retracting foot 21 and tilting the kettle forwards. At the time set on the dial 5 the timing mechanism will close switch 8 by means of a lever 7 and thus complete the internal circuit. When the kettle boils water is syphoned through a tube 28 (Fig. 2, not shown) and spout 29 into a waiting receptacle. After a predetermined quantity has been poured, the kettle tilts back on feet 27, the switch 14 opens and foot 21 is latched in its extended position.
Patent GB-482269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of silk and wool fibres in the form of an impalpable powder and to toilet preparations containing such product
Filed: 1936-09-22
Abstract: Toilet soap contains powdered natural wool or silk produced by treating the fibres with caustic alkali solution so as to weaken but not dissolve them, neutralizing washing and drying the treated fibres and then grinding them to an impalpable powder in a pestle and mortar mill.ALSO:Preparations for toilet purposes, such as powders, creams, soaps, or lotions, contain fibres of natural wool or silk ground to an impalpable powder.  The powder is prepared by treating the fibres with a solution of sodium, or potassium, hydroxide under such conditions as to weaken but not to dissolve the fibres, neutralizing, washing and drying the treated fibres and then grinding them in a pestle and mortar mill.  According to examples the powdered wool or silk is added to face cream, to a dusting powder containing starch and talcum, or to glycerine and rose water.ALSO:Powdered natural wool or silk is prepared by treating the fibres with a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide so as to weaken but not to dissolve the fibres, neutralizing, washing and drying the treated fibres, and then grinding them in a pestle and mortar mill.  The impulpable powder produced may be used in toilet preparations.
Patent GB-1213668-A (GB)
Title: Cyclic nitrile carbonate chloroformates
IPC: C07D273/00
Filed: 1967-11-07
Abstract: 1,213,668. Chloroformates. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO. 7 Nov., 1967 [7 Nov., 1966], No. 35003/70. Divided out of 1,213,666. Heading C2C. Compounds of formula wherein each R<SP>1</SP> is hydrogen or a C 1-6  alkyl group, R is a C 1-3  alkylene group and n is 0 or 1, are prepared by reaction of a lactone of formula with hydroxylamine to give a compound of formula and reaction of this with phosgene.
Patent GB-431857-A (GB)
Title: Exhaust device for explosion or internal combustion engines
IPC: F02B25/00
Filed: 1933-12-13
Abstract: 431,857. Exhaust-pipes. KADENACY, M., 120, Rue Lecourbe, Paris. Dec. 13, 1933, No. 35069. Convention date, Aug. 1. [Class 7 (ii)] The vacuum, produced at the exhaust ports of an engine cylinder by the outflow of gas, is preserved, and the inflow of charge thus facilitated, by a deflector, so placed in the exhaust pipe that, while the velocity of the gas is not reduced, any return wave is prevented. The deflector is such that if the gas is considered as a ballistic body projected from the cylinder, motion of said body by reflection from the surfaces thereof will always be away from the cylinder and any return of the body will be prevented. The deflector is preferably located adjacent to the cylinder ports. In Fig. 2, a deflector 10 is arranged within an annular chamber 9 in which a portion of the exhaust gas whirls as shown by arrows F2 and prevents the return of any gas rebounding as shown by the arrows F2<1>. The deflector may be arranged so that returning gas is trapped in the chamber 9 and whirls therein, or in a chamber 15b, Fig. 5, formed in the deflector ; the deflector or a separate throttle valve may be adjustable longitudinally as shown to accommodate different speeds of running of the engine ; spring-loading may be provided so that they act as non-return valves, but separate single plate valves may be used for this purpose. An annular baffle may extend down the exhaust pipe to separate the returning from the outgoing gas and the chambers 9, 15<b> may be duplicated. The device may be cooled by a water jacket or fins. Its effectiveness, over a large speed range of the engine, is improved by combination with means for varying the timing of the valves as described in Specification 431,856.