baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-630344-A (NZ)
Title: Pest control composition including novel iminopyridine derivative
Inventor: MITOMI MASAAKI
IPC: C07D401/06
Filed: 2013-02-27
Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pest control composition containing an iminopyridine derivative selected from the group N-[1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, N-[1-((6-chloropyridin- 3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroethanethioamide, N-[1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-isopropylacetimidamide and acid addition salts thereof and at least one other pest control agent selected from an insecticide selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, spinosad, fipronil, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, silafluofen, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, flometoquin, emamectin benzoate, cycloxaprid, 1-((6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium-2-olate, afidopyropen and an agriculturally and zootechnically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, or a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, orysastrobin, thifluzamide, furametpyr, probenazole, tiadinil, isotianil, diclocymet, tricyclazole, tebufloquin, simeconazole, validamycin, kasugamycin, pencycuron, or a control agent for animal parasitic pests selected from the group consisting of fipronil, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, amitraz, pyriproxyfen, spinosad, and an agriculturally and/or zootechnically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Also disclosed are the methods and uses for the compositions as described.
Patent NZ-700868-A (NZ)
Title: Urine markers for detection of bladder cancer
Inventor: GUILFORD PARRY JOHN
IPC: G01N33/574
Filed: 2005-07-22
Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting bladder cancer in a subject, comprising: detecting t an increased amount of mRNA specific for a urinary bladder tumor marker (”UBTM”) in the urine of said subject compared to the amount of said mRNA in the urine of subjects not suffering from malignant bladder cancer, characterized in that the UBTM is Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2) (MDK).
Patent NZ-714747-A (NZ)
Title: Compounds of ‘3-(5-substituted oxy-2,4-dinitro-phenyl)-2-oxo-propionic acid ester’, process and applications thereof
Inventor: GAVARA GOVINDA RAJULU
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2014-06-05
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula I and process of obtaining the same. Said compounds of Formula I is employed in the syntheses of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), 4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid 2-allyl ester, 5-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-(1,1,4-trioxo-1lambda*6*-1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
Patent NZ-725398-A (NZ)
Title: Variants of chymosin with improved milk-clotting properties
Inventor: VAN DEN BRINK JOHANNES MAARTEN
IPC: A23L11/60
Filed: 2013-05-22
Abstract: ABSTRACT The present invention relates to variants of chymosin with improved milk-clotting properties, and methods for making them. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for making an isolated chymosin polypeptide variant comprising the steps: (a): making an alteration in a parent polypeptide having chymosin activity, wherein the alteration comprises the substitution Q300R; and (b): producing and isolating the altered polypeptide of step (a) and thereby obtaining the isolated chymosin polypeptide variant, wherein the variant has chymosin activity; and wherein : (i): the amino acid position of the parent polypeptide is determined by an alignment of the parent polypeptide with the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 (bovine chymosin) - i.e. the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO : 1 is used to determine the corresponding amino acid sequence in the parent polypeptide; and (ii): the parent polypeptide has at least 70% sequence identity with the mature polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1 (bovine chymosin), which is from amino acid position 59 to amino acid position 381 of SEQ ID NO: 1; and wherein said method is not performed within a human body. The present invention also relates to chymosin variants produced by such methods, and to methodsfor making foods or feed products comprising adding an effective amount of the isolated chymosin polypeptide variants.
Patent NZ-726266-A (NZ)
Title: Card shooter device and card storage method
Inventor: SHIGETA YASUSHI
IPC: A63F1/10
Filed: 2015-05-15
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a card shooter device which makes it easy for a dealer to store cards in a card storage section in the card shooter device prior to a playing game and further prevents a mistake of erroneously scattering the cards to break a deck, and a method for storing the cards. The present invention directed to a card shooter device (1) includes a main unit (7) including a card storage section (3) storing cards (2s) constituting a predetermined number of decks, a removable top face cover (4), arranged on top of the card storage section (3), for covering the card storage section (3), a bottom face (5), inclined forward, for guiding the cards (2) onto a game table (6) from the card storage section (3), and a front cover (8), arranged in front of the main unit (7) so that the cards (2) can be extracted one by one from the card storage section (3), in which the front cover (8) is removable from the main unit (7) in cooperation with an engagement member (9) provided in front of the main unit (7), and is adapted to be able to store the cards (2s) constituting the predetermined number of decks in the card storage section (3) when the front cover (8) is removed.
Patent NZ-742309-A (NZ)
Title: Spray drying system including an improved connection assembly and method of cleaning the system
Inventor: GREGERSEN MORTEN
IPC: F26B3/12
Filed: 2015-11-03
Abstract: A spray drying system (1 ) comprising a spray dryer with a drying chamber (2) and a process air/gas supply device, at least one powder recovery unit (4), a conveying line (11) for powdery material from the powder recovery unit, a connection assembly (10) connecting the conveying line to a cleaning-in-place, CIP, arrangement including a CIP line configured to transport CIP liquid. The connection assembly comprises a sanitary valve (20) including a first inlet (12) to the conveying line, and a valve member (21 ) moveable between an open position and a closed position, wherein in the closed position, one part of the valve member (21 ) seals the conveying line and when in the open position, the valve member is moved to provide communication between the CIP line and the conveying line, thereby allowing CIP liquid to enter and exit the sanitary valve through the CIP line and into the conveying line via said first inlet. The invention allows for cleaning of the conveying line without disconnecting any parts of the system, thus reducing the risk of contamination.
Patent NZ-754552-A (NZ)
Title: Continuous learning for intrusion detection
Inventor: LUO PENGCHENG
IPC: G06F21/55
Filed: 2018-01-22
Abstract: Balancing the observed signals used to train network intrusion detection models allows for a more accurate allocation of computing resources to defend the network from malicious parties. The models are trained against live data defined within a rolling window and historic data to detect user-defined features in the data. Automated attacks ensure that various kinds of attacks are always present in the rolling training window. The set of models are constantly trained to determine which model to place into production, to alert analysts of intrusions, and/or to automatically deploy countermeasures. The models are continually updated as the features are redefined and as the data in the rolling window changes, and the content of the rolling window is balanced to provide sufficient data of each observed type by which to train the models. When balancing the dataset, low-population signals are overlaid onto high-population signals to balance their relative numbers.
Patent NZ-756206-A (NZ)
Title: Thermal management systems and methods
Inventor: LONG ROBERT
IPC: F24F5/00
Filed: 2018-01-09
Abstract: There is an ever-increasing need to closely match supply and demand for electricity. Disclosed here in is a thermal management system for influencing thermal conditions associated with a thermal load. The system comprises a secondary circuit comprising a thermal store for bearing a working fluid in a liquid phase and an ice slurry, produced by a working fluid container, derived from the working fluid, the working fluid in the liquid phase to be supplied into a primary circuit comprising a primary thermal conditioner, the primary circuit for bearing the working fluid in the liquid phase for managing the temperature of the thermal load in response to the thermal conditioner, and a valve, responsive to a control signal, to modulate between: a first state, coupling the primary circuit to be in fluid communication with the secondary circuit, for diverting the working fluid from the primary circuit into the thermal store to cool, via latent heat phase change of the ice slurry, the working fluid in the liquid phase, by mixing with the ice slurry in the thermal store, for said supply into the primary circuit; and a second state for decoupling the primary circuit from the secondary circuit so that the primary and secondary circuits are not in fluid communication.
Patent PT-103365-A (PT)
Title: Barco com propulsor helicoidal
Inventor: GORANSKYY VALENTIN
IPC: B63H1/34
Filed: 2005-10-10
Abstract: O OBJECTO DE INVENÇÃO CONSISTE NA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DO CORPO DE SUPORTE TRADICIONAL POR UM CORPO QUE SE COMPÕE DE CILINDROS ROTATIVOS. O MODELO A FUNCIONAR EXECUTADO (PROTÓTIPO) DO NOVO BARCO CONFIRMOU A TOTALIDADE DOS REQUISITOS. O NOVO BARCO, DE FACTO, É FACILMENTE MANOBRÁVEL, VELOZ, INSUBMERGÍVEL E ECONÓMICO. NA PLATAFORMA-COBERTA PODE SER INSTALADO QUALQUER TIPO DE EQUIPAMENTO QUE DETERMINE A FUNÇÃO A ATRIBUIR AO NOVO BARCO (GUARDA COSTEIRA, PESCA, TRANSPORTE, ETC,). NAS SITUAÇÕES DE EMERGÊNCIA, OU VOLUNTARIAMENTE, O BARCO PODE SUBIR À MARGEM OU BLOCO DE GELO OU DESLOCAR-SE NO BAIXÍO.
Patent PT-105731-A (PT)
Title: Método de obtenção de produtos naturais antioxidantes e antiproliferativos, extrato sólido natural e sólido remanescente extractado assim obtidos e respectiva utilização
Inventor: RAUTER AMELIA PILAR GRASES SANTOS SILVA
IPC: A61K36/48
Filed: 2011-05-28
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO DIZ RESPEITO A DOIS PRODUTOS DE VALOR ACRESCENTADO, OBTIDOS DE RESÍDUOS DE POLPA DE ALFARROBA (POR EXEMPLO, A POLPA DE ALFARROBA TRITURADA, SUBPRODUTO DA INDÚSTRIA DE PROCESSAMENTO DA ALFARROBA), E SEU MÉTODO DE PRODUÇÃO POR EXTRAÇÃO ASSISTIDA POR ULTRA-SONS. UM DOS PRODUTOS, O EXTRATO, É CARACTERIZADO POR SER CONSTITUÍDO POR COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS ESPECÍFICOS, EM PARTICULAR ÁCIDO GÁLICO E EPIGALOCATEQUINA GALATO, COM PROPRIEDADES BIOACTIVAS. O SÓLIDO REMANESCENTE (SÓLIDO EXTRATADO) É CARACTERIZADO POR SER RICO EM FIBRAS ALIMENTARES E COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS, E POR POSSUIR CARACTERÍSTICAS TECNOLÓGICAS DISTINTAS EM RELAÇÃO A PRODUTOS IDÊNTICOS. AMBOS OS PRODUTOS PODEM SER UTILIZADOS EM FORMULAÇÕES INDUSTRIAIS, NOMEADAMENTE PARA A INDÚSTRIA ALIMENTAR, FARMACÊUTICA E COSMÉTICA.
Patent PT-109118-A (PT)
Title: Mistura herbicida compreendendo iodossulfurão-metilo ou os seus sais e flazassulfurão
Inventor: ANTÓNIO MANUEL VASCONCELOS DUARTE
IPC: C07D521/00
Filed: 2016-01-26
Abstract: A PRESENTE INVENÇÃO REFERE-SE A UMA MISTURA HERBICIDA COMPREENDENDO IODOSSULFURÃO-METILO OU OS SEUS SAIS E FLAZASSULFURÃO E A UM PROCESSO DE CONTROLO DAS INFESTANTES NAS CULTURAS DO OLIVAL OU DA VINHA.
Patent PT-116848-A (PT)
Title: Novas diamidas pentacíclicas com aplicações optoelectrónicas, métodos de produção e usos dos mesmos
Inventor: LUIS ALEXANDRE ALMEIDA FERNANDES COBRA BRANCO
IPC: C07D209/02
Filed: 2020-10-22
Abstract: O PRESENTE PEDIDO DIVULGA AS NOVAS DIAMIDAS PENTACÍCLICAS DE FÓRMULA (I) E SEUS ANÁLOGOS DE FÓRMULA (II), O SEU USO COMO APLICAÇÕES POTENCIAIS EM DISPOSITIVOS OPTOELECTRÓNICOS, POR EXEMPLO COMO SEMI-CONDUTORES ORGÂNICOS (OSCS), TRANSÍSTORES DE FILME FINO (OTFTS), DÍODOS EMISSORES DE LUZ (LEDS) E FOTOVOLTAICOS ORGÂNICOS (OPVS), CUJO OS REQUISITOS SÃO A CAPACIDADE DE CONDUZIR ELETRÕES E OU CAPTAR A LUZ. AMBAS AS FAMÍLIAS DE AMIDA PENTACÍCLICA DE FÓRMULA (I) E FÓRMULA (II) SÃO OBTIDAS POR MEIO DE NOVOS MÉTODOS DE SÍNTESE SUSTENTÁVEIS AQUI DESCRITOS, E AS SUAS CARATERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS E ESTRUTURAS MOLECULARES SÃO ESTUDADAS POR MÉTODOS ESPETROFOTOMÉTRICOS, VOLTAMETRIA CÍCLICA E CÁLCULOS TEÓRICOS. ESSES ESTUDOS DEMONSTRAM A GRANDE POTENCIAL DESTES COMPOSTOS PARA APLICAÇÕES EM SEMI-CONDUTORES ORGÂNICOS (OSCS), TRANSÍSTORES DE FILME FINO (OTFTS), DÍODOS EMISSORES DE LUZ (LEDS) E FOTOVOLTAICOS ORGÂNICOS (OPVS).
Patent RU-94011378-A (RU)
Inventor: MASH D M
IPC: B66C23/90
Filed: 1994-03-31
Abstract: FIELD: load hoisting equipment. SUBSTANCE: protection of construction and erection cranes with pivotally mounted boom, jib and hook from overloading and tipping-back with returning crane to operating condition is effected with the help of device having sensors correspondingly of boom and jib angular position which are connected to inputs of permissible load determining unit which is connected to one of inputs of comparing unit. Connected to other input of comparing unit is load sensor. Provided in device is unit for determining hook position relative to boom lower hinge and its inputs are connected to sensors, and three its outputs are connected to inputs of permissible motion determining unit, and connected to other inputs of unit are overload presetting unit and comparing unit, connected to outputs of this unit are indication unit and through amplifying unit- operating unit. At no overload, unit forms and transmits to operating unit those signals which permit any motion of boom or jib. Comparing unit when operated, forms permitting signals depending on position of hook relative to lower hinge of boom (signals depending on those from sensors). Operation depends on reaching overload situation when lifted load is repositioned or attempt is made to lift excessive load. EFFECT: high efficiency. 6 dwg
Patent RU-94028815-A (RU)
Inventor: POLJASHOV L I
IPC: H02J7/00
Filed: 1994-08-01
Abstract: FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: connected in parallel to current supply is circuit set up of series-connected switch, charging resistor aborted out by discharging diode, and pulse capacitor of superhigh energy capacity with double electric layer. EFFECT: improved reliability.
Patent RU-94030234-A (RU)
Inventor: TEHVIKA J GOLDENBERG
IPC: A43B21/00
Filed: 1994-08-22
Abstract: FIELD: shoe industry. SUBSTANCE: shoe has top part and removable replaceable heel. Top part is provided with lower slot. Rod or finger is fixed to sole so that it extends outside. Heel core has inner bore for receiving of rod or finger. Snap mechanism prevents heel from unexpected separation from top part. Shoe is further provided with leveling member and related recess for preventing top part from movement relative to heel. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and improved quality of shoe.
Patent RU-94031427-A (RU)
Inventor: TANJANSKAJA G M
IPC: A23B4/00
Filed: 1994-08-25
Abstract: FIELD: fish-processing industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves washing mussels; removing byssus; repeatedly washing mussels; conducting sanitary inspection; placing double-walled mussels into cans and filling cans with jelly, with mussel-jelly weight ratio being within the range of 1:1.4 to 1: 1.6. Jelly contains salt in an amount of 1.9-2.1% by weight. EFFECT: increased efficiency by minimized damage to mussel body, retained interwall, pallium and intercellular liquids and their mineral composition, improved organoleptic qualities and increased mussel meat yield.
Patent RU-94045549-A (RU)
Inventor: SILKIN E M
IPC: H02M7/523
Filed: 1994-12-29
Abstract: FIELD: conversion engineering; power supplies for ozone electrosynthesis plants. SUBSTANCE: inverter has single-phase transformer 1 whose secondary winding leads are connected to output leads of inverter, primary winding is center-tapped, primary winding leads are connected to negative output terminal of inverter through first and second thyristors 2 and 3, respectively, and tap is connected to positive output lead of inverter through choke of filter 4; it also has series circuit set up of switching capacitor 5 and switching choke 6 connected between anodes of thyristors 2 and 3, diodes 7,8 shorting out thyristors 2 and 3 in parallel opposition. Discharge tube 9 of ozone electrosynthesis plant is connected to inverter output leads. Inductances of switching choke 6 and filter choke 4 and capacitance of capacitor 5 are equal, respectively:, where k= 0.5-0.7; k=7-10; k=0.4-0.5 are constants; E is inverter supply voltage; ω is control frequency; P is inverter output power. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 1 dwg
Patent RU-95100477-A (RU)
Inventor: MJASOEDOV N F
IPC: C07F9/6571
Filed: 1995-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: organic chemistry and chemistry of physiologically active compounds and can be used in medical and biological researches. SUBSTANCE: new 4- ethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [1,2,2]-octane-1- oxide compound highly traced with tritium or deuterium with respect to ethyl radical is prepared by reaction of catalytic heterogeneous solid-phase isotope exchange between hydrogens of the compound and gaseous tritium. The isotrope exchange reaction is carried out for 15-25 minutes at 160-180 C using 5% Pt/C catalyst. The catalyst to compound ratio is (8-12):1. EFFECT: improved properties of the claimed compound.
Patent RU-95101678-A (RU)
Inventor: BOGOMOLOV V A
IPC: F28F25/00
Filed: 1995-02-03
Abstract: FIELD: heat exchange engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cooling towers operating with direct medium to medium contact, in which sprinkler consists of units assembled in packets of vertically installed convex-concave sheets having corrugations arranged at an angle to sheet edges. Sprinkler of invention is distinguished with that its peripheral packets contain sheets with parallel corrugations from periphery to the center of sprinkler, whereas packets of inside sprinkler zone are assembled with sheets having transversely arranged corrugations. EFFECT: enhanced intensity of heat and mass exchange and increased reliability of sprinkler under various operational conditions.
Patent RU-95102397-A (RU)
IPC: A47J31/00
Filed: 1995-02-13
Abstract: FIELD: household facilities. SUBSTANCE: the offered coffee cooker with self-removal of deposits has vessel for water, vessel for drink, valve, evaporating chamber, pipe connecting water vessel with evaporating chamber, heater, condenser, steam pipeline, and steaming filter. Coffee cooker has deposit cleaner to exclude disturbances in functioning of evaporating chamber due to accumulation of deposits. Deposit cleaner includes scrapers located in evaporating chamber near the cleaned surface up to contact with it, with possibility of motion relative to cleaned surface. Deposit cleaner may be connected with control unit, which may be made in form of shaft - brush, scrapers attached to axle for rotation round axis. EFFECT: higher efficiency.
Patent RU-95102735-A (RU)
Inventor: AJUKOV A A
IPC: F16L58/14
Filed: 1995-02-24
Abstract: FIELD: protective coatings. SUBSTANCE: invention provides uniform, poreless, monolith coating due to dissolving in molten glass of oxide films filling metal pores and refilling these pores with glass. To achieve this result, a pipe is rotated and simultaneously displaced from inlet to outlet of furnace, inlet temperature being higher than melting point of glass and outlet temperature below its solidification temperature. Pipe rotation number (0.8-1.5 rpm) is maintained such that provides continuous flow of glass melt with alternating velocity along the perimeter of pipe in the high- temperature region and multiple washing of pipe walls with glass melt. There is no difference in pipe rotation number and pipe displacement velocity (1.0-2.0 m/min) when the pipe is displaced from inlet to outlet of furnace for each glass formulation and pipe diameter. For the following glass formulation (in wt %): 53.0 SiO, 3.0 NaO, 5.0 CaF, 8.0 KO, 12.0 NaO, 2.0 TiO, 0.5 CoO, 0.5 NiO, 5.0 SO, 10.0 BaO, and 0.5 CrO, inlet temperature is maintained in the range 850-870 C, and outlet temperature 450-500 C. Residence time of the pipe in furnace ranges from 10 to 20 min. To enhance gas release from metal pores and glass melt, velocity gradient along glass melt thickness is increased by imposing vibration upon pipe or glass melt. EFFECT: improved protective quality of coating. 5 cl
Patent RU-95107818-A (RU)
Inventor: ZELENEVSKIJ V V
IPC: H04L27/10
Filed: 1995-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: communication. SUBSTANCE: receiver allows to increase trustworthiness of received discrete information due to usage of two pairs of bandwidth filters for unit and zero frequency transmissions, envelop detectors, two adders, two computing circuits, two subtracters, inverter, unit of majority processing, that allows to make decision on majority of similar binary symbols on its input. EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of received discrete information.
Patent TW-200408705-A (TW)
Title: New use of halymenia ceylanica for producing high od phycoerythrin
Inventor: CHIANG YOUNG-MENG
IPC: C12P21/00
Filed: 2002-11-21
Abstract: The invention relates to a new use of Halymenia ceylanica for producing high OD phycoerythrin. It has been found that Halymenia ceylanica has three generations in the life cycle: sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction and vegetative propagation. Then, carpospore filamentous plants thereof do not contain gel and can be maintained under some controlled conditions. The invention takes advantage of these findings to provide a new use for producing high OD phycoerythrin from carpospore filamentous phase of Halymenia ceylanica.
Patent TW-200300035-A (TW)
Title: Liquid crystal display device
Inventor: SASABAYASHI TAKASHI
IPC: G02F1/137
Filed: 2002-12-26
Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved visual angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.
Patent TW-200302512-A (TW)
Title: Method for fabricating semiconductor substrate
Inventor: MAA JER-SHEN
IPC: H01L21/322
Filed: 2003-01-28
Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor substrate which includes a method of forming a SiGe layer having a relatively high Ge content includes preparing a silicon substrate; depositing a layer of SiGe to a thickness of between about 100 nm to 500 nm, wherein the Ge content of the SiGe layer is equal to or greater than 22%, by mole fraction; implanting H+ ions into the SiGe layer at a dose of between about 1.10<SP>16</SP> cm-2 to 5.10<SP>16</SP> cm-2, at an energy of between about 20 keV to 45 keV; thermal annealing the silicon substrate and SiGe layer, to relax the SiGe layer, in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of between about 650 DEG C to 950 DEG C for between about 30 seconds and 30 minutes; and depositing a layer of tensile-strained silicon on the relaxed SiGe layer to a thickness of between about 5 nm to 30 nm.