baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1169714-A (GB)
Title: Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements
Inventor: SWANSON KENNETH MACGREGOR
IPC: G21C3/04
Filed: 1966-08-08
Abstract: 1,169,714. Fuel elements. UNITED KING- DOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. 7 July, 1967 [8 Aug., 1966], No. 35465/66. Heading G6C. A fuel element for a liquid metal cooled fast reactor comprises ceramic nuclear fuel contained in sheathing, preferably metallic, presenting internal and external walls for exposure to a common flowing coolant, characterized in that a growth accommodating gap is provided between the fuel and the inner face of the external wall, the fuel possessing (excluding the gap) an overall density less than the maximum theoretical density so as to include distributed voidage, whereby the presence of the gap, acting also as a thermal insulator, increases the operating temperature of fuel adjacent the external wall compared with that at the internal wall and so increases the proportion of fuel in the element which by virtue of thermally-induced lowering of compression creep resistance is in a condition allowing irradiation-induced swelling of the fuel to be absorbed in the voidage. In the embodiment described, a " tube-in-shell " fuel element comprises open-end coolant tubes 73 extending within a shell 60 between upper and lower tube plates, annular fuel pellets 74 being threaded or strung on the coolant tubes 73 so as to be stacked in juxtaposed columns. The pellets 74 at the ends of the columns are of breeder material and the intermediate pellets are of fissile material. The space between the columns is adapted for venting of fission product gases to the coolant. Coolant flows between the shells 60 of adjacent fuel elements as well as through the coolant tubes 73. The gaps between the shells 60 are predetermined by the pitch of the sockets in the reactor core support structure and by corner abutments 72 projecting from the shells 60. The pellets 74 are spaced from the shell 60 by a gap 86 in which there are two crinkled molybdenum foils 87, 88 which enhance the thermal insulating effect of the gap. The gaps between the pellets 74 provide a voidage of about 10% and extra voidage is obtained by less than maximum theoretical density in the pellets themselves, providing for example a total voidage content of about 20%. The fuel is (UPu)O 2  and the sheathing represented by the shell, tube plates and coolant tubes is of stainless steel. Examples of other ceramic fuels are the carbides, nitrides and silicides. In at least the region of maximum burn-up along the length of the fuel element, all the fuel with the exception of rims surrounding the coolant tubes is so hot when operating at the design heat output rating that the compressive creep strength is greatly reduced and sufficient plasticity is thereby induced for swelling to be accommodated in virtually any direction where voidage is available.
Patent GB-323881-A (GB)
Title: Means for silencing the noise produced by the pulsating flow of fluids
IPC: F02M35/12
Filed: 1928-12-03
Abstract: 323,881. Dunlop, S., (Fiat Soc. Anon.). Dec. 3, 1928. Spray carburettors.-A silencer for pulsating cur. rents of fluid and applicable, for example, to air intakes of carburettors; comprises a hollow body 1 traversed by the pul. sating current, and a chamber 3 located in the path of the current, but not traversed or entered by it and communicating therewith throughout one or more openings 4. When applied to the air intake of a carburettor, the annular passage 5 may be given a helicoidal form to whirl the air and cause dust, &c. to be projected on to the outside wall whence it may be collected.
Patent GB-1014427-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vehicles
IPC: A01B63/10
Filed: 1962-09-18
Abstract: 1,014,427. Tractor power-lift mechanisms. C. VAN DER LELY N.V. Sept. 18, 1962 [Oct. 19, 1961], No. 35547/62. Heading A1P. A tractor power-lift mechanism provides for weight transfer between an implement and the tractor rear wheels and comprises two control mechanisms 25, 59 which in the position shown allow hydraulic fluid to flow from gear pump 12 via conduit 22, chamber 23, conduit 58, chamber 82 and conduit 88 through non-return valves 89 and 9, which is set to keep a predetermined pressure in the system, to a reservoir 10 and also allow fluid to flow to an operating ram 50 via conduit 58, chamber 83, conduit 85, chamber 43 and conduit 59 thereby maintaining the pressure at the ram. If the control piston 61 is moved to the right in the drawing the ram is connected directly to the reservoir 10 via conduits 49, 85 and 86 thereby allowing the implement to fall by gravity since the part 79 of piston 61 breaks connection between conduits 58 and 85. For "weight transfer" the piston 61 is moved to the left in the drawings and held in position manually, the part 78 of piston 61 then throttles fluid flow between conduits 58 and 88 thus raising the fluid pressure in the ram. When the lever 73 is released the piston 61 returns to the position shown under the action of spring 70. A "hold" position is provided when the control piston 26 is moved one groove to the right in the drawings. The ball valve 46 then closes and the part 38 of piston 26 closes the flow conduit 49 to the ram. For "lift" the piston 26 is moved a further groove to the right whereby supply conduit 22 is connected to conduit 49 and conduits 58 and 85 are cut off respectively by parts of the piston 26. The above described control system is connected with a pump 1 operated by the tractor engine to supply a motor M driving the tractor wheels. When the motor is not operating conduit 88 provides a path for return fluid as above described but if the motor is operating a high pressure will exist in duct 3 and a low pressure in duct 4 whereby valve 7 is opened to allow a return flow path via conduits 87, and 4 to valve 9. A safety conduit 15 with valve 16 supplies the pump 1 and motor 2 only if supply via conduit 87 fails.
Patent GB-343566-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means for generating electric oscillations
IPC: H03B5/34
Filed: 1929-11-21
Abstract: 343,566. Valve generating circuits. WILLIAMS, B., Royal Aircraft Establishment, South Farnborough, Hampshire. Nov. 21, 1929, No. 35663. [Class 40 (v).] In a thermionic valve system in which the oscillation frequency is controlled by a constant frequency device, such as a piezo-electric crystal or the like, the anode circuit is tunable to any one of the harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the crystal. The frequency of the oscillator 4, in the Figure, is controlled by the quartz crystal o, the output inductance 8 being tuned by a variable condenser 9 to a harmonic of the fundamental crystal frequency. A circuit comprising an inductance 12, variable condenser 13 and a larger fixed condenser 14 is connected in the high-tension supply leads ; the condenser 13 may alternatively be connected across the inductance 12. Keying may be effected in the negative hightension supply lead or in the aerial circuit. An arrangement (Fig. 4, not shown) is given showing the circuit adapted for telephony.
Patent GB-177238-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to driving chains or belts having alternate metal and leather links
IPC: F16G5/18
Filed: 1920-12-20
Abstract: 177,238. Roderwald, R. Dec. 20, 1920. Attaching s p i k e d plates.-In the manufacture of driving-belts with alternate metal and leather links of the type described in Specifications 147,626 and 148,151, [both in Class 80 (i), Gearing, Belt, &c.], assembly of the composite leather links may be effected in the mould 50 of a press. While a ram 53 rests on the projecting edges 51 of raw-hide links 4, a toothed cramp 12 is driven by a plunger 54a through a rectangular aperture 54 into the edges 52 of a bent-up soft leather stamping 1, and is held in place by a split-pin 56 driven up through an aperture 55. Other forms of fastener may be used for holding the cramp in place.
Patent GB-763161-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to television receivers
IPC: H04N5/21
Filed: 1954-12-14
Abstract: 763,161. Radio receiving systems. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Dec. 14, 1954 [Dec. 14, 1953], No. 36197/54. Class 40(5) A television receiver video signal 8 of inverted polarity relative to a like video signal 2 and preferably of larger amplitude is applied to a gate valve 40 with threshold bias derived from a current source 50 so that noise peaks alone derived from its cathode circuit limit or invert the corresponding noise impulses of the other video signal fed to an amplifier 32, the amplifier grid to this end being connected to the cathode of the gate valve 40. Preferably both the valves 40 and 32 have a common anode resistance 60 so that their outputs reinforce in suppressing or inverting the noise peaks. The cathode resistor 64 of valve 40 prevents charging of the coupling capacitors 36, 44. A cathode follower 12 between the signal source 2 and gate valve 40 prevents reaction of the gated noise impulses on the source 2, and may have a D.C. restorer direct coupling 38 between its grid and the input of amplifier 32. The system is of most value when the transmitted signal has positive going synchronizing pulses 15 since removing or inverting positive going noise impulses 57 before application of the signal from valves 32, 40, to the synchronizing separator.
Patent GB-1510854-A (GB)
Title: Oxidation catalyst and process for preparing unsaturated acids aldehydes and nitriles
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1975-09-03
Abstract: 1510854 Oxidation and ammoxidation of olefins UNION CARBIDE CORP 3 Sept 1975 [3 Sept 1974 25 Aug 1975] 36232/75 Heading C2C [Also in Division B1] Alpha, beta-unsaturated mono-olefins are oxidized to the corresponding acids and aldehydes or ammoxidized to the corresponding nitriles using an oxidic catalyst formed by calcining a composition containing the elements Mo, Bi, Fe, Ni and/or Co, Si, Ru and/or Sb and, optionally, Cl in the atomic ratio Mo a Bi b Fe c T d Si e X f Cl g  wherein: T=Ni and/or Co; X=Ru and/or Sb; a=10; b=0À1-5À0; c=d/ 3 -d/ 5À5 ; d=2À0-9À0; e=1-20; f=0À1- 10; g=0-5. The olefin feed may be propylene to give acrolein, acrylic acid or acrylonitrile; butene-2 to give crotanaldehyde, crotonic acid or crotononitrile or isobutylene to give methacrolein; methacrylic acid or methacrylonitrile. The reaction mixture may contain, per mole olefin, 0À5-3 moles oxygen, 0À5 to 20 moles steam and, if required, ammonia and inert diluents. Specified reaction conditions are 350-450‹ C., 1 to 10 atmospheres pressure, a contact time of 0À1-10 secs. and a space velocity of 1000-10,000 hr.<SP>-1</SP>. The examples describe the oxidation of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.
Patent GB-1020935-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to wire dewinders
Inventor: BAMFORD WALTER
IPC: B21C47/28
Filed: 1963-09-16
Abstract: 1,020,935. Unwinding wire. RICHARD JOHNSON & NEPHEW Ltd. Sept. 23, 1964 [Sept. 16, 1963], No. 36306/63. Heading B3E. Apparatus for unwinding wire from a coil comprises a turntable 1 having a vertical driving shaft 4 and adapted to support a former 2 carrying the coil, a capstan 25 around which the wire is passed from the coil to a bobbin or the like on which it is to be wound, and means 18, 14 for driving the turntable from the capstan so that the coil is rotated at a speed corresponding to the speed of the wire. The capstan 25 is keyed to a horizontal shaft 23 connected through bevel gearing 21 with a vertical shaft 18 which drives the shaft 4 through gearing 11, 13, 16, 17 and shaft 14. Shaft 4 drives the turntable 1 through friction between two parts 5, 6 of a drum. When a predetermined length of wire has been withdrawn, a counting mechanism 37 trips a relay 38 which stops the winding motor and also actuates linkage 40-45, 47 to release spring-loaded brake shoes 57, 61, Fig. 3 (not shown), acting on the drum 5, 6 to stop the coil. Push off rolls such as 28, Fig. 2 (not shown), guide rolls 66, 67 and a back-tensioning roller device are mounted adjacent the capstan.
Patent GB-1334660-A (GB)
Title: Field-effect semiconductor devices
IPC: H01L29/808
Filed: 1972-08-03
Abstract: 1334660 Field effect transistors S TESZNER D LECROSNIER and G PELOUS 3 Aug 1972 [5 Aug 1971] 36368/72 Heading H1K A buried P (or N) type gate region 24 (P<SP>+</SP>) of a gridistor is provided in an N (or P) type body 1 by ion implantation and is isolated from the surface through which implantation was effected by an insulating or fully compensated region 24 (I), also formed by ion implantation. The metal mask for both implantation processes has a first portion overlying a diffused P (or N) type region 19 contacting the buried gate region 24 (P<SP>+</SP>), so that the first portion of the mask forms the gate electrode. A second portion of the metal mask comprises discrete areas 22 overlying channel regions 23 of the body 1 and forming the source electrodes. A further metal layer 25 may be applied to the areas 22 to interconnect them after implantation of the gate region 24 (P<SP>+</SP>) and isolating region 24 (I). For a Si body the gate region 24 (P<SP>+</SP>) may be implanted with boron while the isolating region 24 (I) may be formed by implantation of argon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon or a compensating dopant. The metal mask may comprise multilayer Pt/Mo/Au, Cr/Al/Au or Mo/Au structures, Au being used to interconnect the source electrode areas 22. An N<SP>+</SP> (or P<SP>+</SP>) type diffused layer 21 preferably overlies the gate and isolating regions 24 (P<SP>+</SP>, I). The gridistor illustrated has a central gate contact region 19 with discshaped source electrodes 22 arranged symmetrically around it. A variety of alternative configurations employing strip-shaped source electrodes are also described.
Patent GB-1109542-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to devices for automatically feeding spray guns employing rods
IPC: B23K9/12
Filed: 1965-08-24
Abstract: An apparatus suitable for flame-spraying non-ductile metals comprises a support plate P provided with parallel grooves 2 and adapted to be moved in a step-by-step manner so as to present each rod B of spray material in succession in a position in alignment with the outlet of the spray nozzle, a device 9, Fig. 3 (not shown) for pushing <PICT:1109542/C6-C7/1> each rod and engaging it between a pair of motor-driven knurled wheels M1, M2 adjacent the nozzle, and a finger (22) adapted to engage the teeth (20), (21) of a rack secured to the bottom of the plate P so as to shift it when a consumed rod leaves the support. The finger device 9 is mounted on a member 7 which is biased towards the nozzle by a system of pulleys 10-14 and a weight 15 and is retracted as the respective rod leaves the plate by a lug 16 or a motor-driven belt 17.  The movement of member 7 controls the movement of the finger 22 via an abutment plate 26.  The apparatus is automatically controlled electrically, Fig. 2 (not shown) and the circuit includes means for rendering the blowpipe inoperative after the last rod has been consumed.  The fused metal is atomized by a compressed gas.
Patent GB-1093940-A (GB)
Title: Meso-substituted carbocyanine and merocyanine dyes
Inventor: COLLET PIERRE DANIEL
IPC: C01B33/20
Filed: 1964-12-02
Abstract: The invention relates to meso-substituted carbocyanine and merocyanin dyes of the formulae <FORM:1093940/C4-C5/1> <FORM:1093940/C4-C5/2> wherein R is H, alkyl or substituted alkyl of 1-5C, aryl or aralkyl, R1 and R3 are alkyl of 1-5C, aryl, aralkyl or substituted alkyl having a chain of 1-5C in which the substituent or substituents do not simultaneously comprise a -COO- group and an -SO3H group, R2 is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, D completes an aromatic carbocyclic nucleus together with the two carbon atoms to which it is attached, Y represents the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic nucleus containing 5 or 6 atoms in the heterocyclic ring, X2 is an acid radical, q is 0 or 1 and W represents the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, e.g. 3-b -methoxyethyl rhodanine.  The dyes are prepared by the process of Specification 1,093,938.
Patent GB-1512191-A (GB)
Title: Internal combustion engine pistons
IPC: F01M1/08
Filed: 1976-09-02
Abstract: 1512191 Pistons DAIMLER BENZ AG 2 Sept 1976 [5 Sept 1975] 36432/76 Heading F2T An internal combustion engine piston 1 which in use is cooled by sprayed oil, has its interior 3 bonded by an oil collecting trough 2 disposed at the open end of the piston 1 and has an opening for an associated connecting rod 6. The oil may be supplied via the connecting rod 6 to one nozzle 12, Fig. 1, or to two nozzles 12a, 12b Fig. 4 (not shown), or may be piped to the fixed nozzle 13, Fig. 6 and 7 (not shown) which also provides lubrication to the gudgeon pin. The trough 2 may have drain holes 20, Figs. 4 and 5 (not shown) and may be of sheet metal, synthetic material or cast aluminium attached by welding, by adhesion, by screwing, as a press fit, or supported from the gudgeon pin by shoulder 26, Figs. 2 and 3 (not shown). There may be further annular oil pockets 24 inside the piston skirt as in Fig. 7 (not shown). The lubricant trough 2 is said to assist cooling of the piston.
Patent GB-904446-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of polyesters
IPC: C08G63/87
Filed: 1959-10-27
Abstract: Highly polymeric linear polyesters are made by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a polymethylene glycol containing 2-10 carbon atoms in the presence of a volatile tertiary amine at a temperature sufficient to induce vigorous ebullition of the amine, maintaining the amine in the reaction mixture in an amount of at least 0,05 mols. per mol. of acid until the reaction is substantially completed, continuously removing the water by distillation as it is formed, then raising the temperature to remove excess glycol, and finally maintaining the reaction mixture at an elevated temperature and under a reduced pressure until a highly polymeric product is formed.  The reaction may be effected continuously by (1) feeding the reaction mixture to a first zone wherein the esterification is substantially completed, (2) then passing the mixture to a second zone wherein the amine is removed, (3) next passing the mixture to a third zone wherein excess glycol is removed and (4) finally passing the mixture to a fourth reaction zone in which it is heated under a high vacuum. The acid may be a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid or durene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, but is preferably one having the formula <FORM:0904446/IV(a)/1> where R is zero or one, and R is an alkylene radical containing 1-8 carbon atoms, a p-phenylene radical or a radical of formula <FORM:0904446/IV(a)/2> , <FORM:0904446/IV(a)/3> , or <FORM:0904446/IV(a)/4> where R1, R2 and R3 are alkylene groups containing 1-8 carbon atoms.  Part of the above acids may be replaced by isophthalic, xylidinic succinic, adipic, sebacic, a ,a -dimethyl glutaric, itaconic, b -oxydipropionic, a ,a -oxydibutyric, fumaric, 1,20-eicosanedioic or 8-ethyl-,1,18-octadecanedioic acids.  The polyesters may also be modified as disclosed in Specification 847,090 or 904,445.  The amine may be a trialkylamine wherein the alkyl groups contain 1-6 carbon atoms, diethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine or N-methylmorpholine.  The final stage of the polyesterification may be catalysed by lead oxide, sodium alcoholate, lithium hydride, zinc acetate, antimony oxide or zinc acetylacetonate.  Examples describe the manufacture of polyesters by reacting (1), (2), (4) and (7) Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; (3) Terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol; (5) 2,6-Naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol; (6) Terephthalic acid and 1:5-pentanediol.  Specifications 578,079 and 590,451 also are referred to.
Patent GB-412273-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the extraction of tin from ores or the like
IPC: C22B1/08
Filed: 1932-12-24
Abstract: In extracting tin from ores by the use of a solid chloridizing agent such as calcium chloride, the ore is first preheated and chloridization then effected, say at 700--800 DEG  C. with volatilization of stannous chloride, in the presence of a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide or producer gas introduced as such to the reaction zone after the preheating step.  The process may be carried out in a multiple hearth furnace, preheating of the ore being effected in the upper part of the furnace and admixture of chloride and treatment with reducing gas taking place on the lower hearths. Excess of the chloridizing agent may be used.  It is stated that hydrogen, water gas or coal gas are less effective as reducing agents than carbon monoxide.  Specifications 26644/11, 229,359, 276,743, [all in Class 1 (iii)], and 403,122 are referred to.  According to the Provisional Specification the ore may be preheated in a reducing atmosphere.
Patent GB-412274-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to paper handkerchiefs, toilet paper, serviettes, and other articles embodying cellulose wadding
IPC: A41B15/00
Filed: 1932-12-24
Abstract: 412,274. Pocket handkerchiefs; napkins; bibs. TUCK, D. A., and TUCK & SONS, Ltd., R., Raphael House, Moorfields, London. Dec. 24, 1932, No. 36598. Drawings to Specification. [Class 141.] Paper articles, such as handkerchiefs, serviettes, toilet paper, infants' napkins or bibs, &c., are formed by uniting to a sheet of soft tissue or crepe paper one or more sheets or soft cellulose wadding, the union being effected by crimping, embossing, or like treatment, and without the use of adhesives. The cellulose wadding may be applied on both sides of the tissue paper, and the articles may be treated with a deodorant, scent, or disinfectant.
Patent GB-410145-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to means applicable to vehicles for jacking up or like purposes
IPC: B60S11/00
Filed: 1932-11-05
Abstract: 410,145. Jack seatings on vehicles. LAKE & ELLIOT, Ltd., Albion Works, LAKE, W. B., Mount Place, both in Braintree, and RUBURY, J. M., Little East, Bocking, both in Essex. Nov. 5, 1932, No. 36638/33. Divided on 410,131. [Class 78 (iii).] To facilitate the jacking up of vehicles, a seating for the jack head is provided comprising a " pad " member which is held against the underside of the vehicle spring by resilient connecting means in such a position beneath the spring that the jack can be placed in position and operated from the side of the vehicle. In the form shown in Fig. 2, a seating 2 for the jack is provided under a pad member 1 held against the spring 3 at one end by bolts 15 and a crossbar 14 and at the other end by a stirrup bolt 16 acting through springs 19, the centre part of the pad bearing against the spring and being recessed to embrace the bolt 13 of a spring clip 12 which acts as positioning means. In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the pad member bears at each end against the spring and is held thereagainst solely by the stirrup bolt 21 through springs 22, a clip 23 acting as positioning means. In the form shown in Fig. 10, the seating plate 2 is reversible in relation to a slipper plate 27 and, with the latter, is held against the spring 3 by bolts 31 passing through a crossbar 30 attached by a bolt 33 to a slotted spring plate 32 with downturned ends 35. Either end of the plate 32 may be held against a spring clip 25 by a block 36, whilst the position of the seating pad may be adjusted by sliding the bolt 33 in the slot 34. If in the position required the crossbar 30 comes against the clip the block 36 may be dispensed with. Specifications 410,131 and 410,146 are referred to.
Patent GB-941217-A (GB)
Title: Process for obtaining stretch yarn effects in cotton yarns
IPC: D02G1/02
Filed: 1961-10-12
Abstract: In the production of highly stretchable cotton threads by the twisting e.g. to 800 turns/metre on a ring doubling frame, of a number of cotton yarns, setting them and then back-twisting beyond the zero point, the setting of the cotton is effected with synthetic resins of the "reactant type" e.g. di-methyl-ethylene-urea, triazone derivatives or epoxy-resin monomers.