Patent GB-801421-A (GB)
Title: Gas distributor for fluidized reactions
IPC: C10G35/14
Filed: 1956-10-26
Abstract: A distributer for a gaseous feed in fluidized reactions comprises a plurality of upwardly-directed conduits connected to the upper surface of an inverted hollow cone into which said feed is passed, said conduits having a restricted cross section at the end connected to said cone.  The process is applicable to hydroforming of naphthas (see Group IV (b)), catalytic cracking of gas oils, desulphurization of petroleum distillates, coal gasification, hydrogenation, catalyst regeneration, carbonaceous solids combustion, shale distillation and ore roasting.  When using the apparatus for hydroforming hydrocarbons the gas can be introduced into the bed at a velocity, e.g. 50-125 ft. per sec. which avoids attrition whilst maintaining <PICT:0801421/III/1> <PICT:0801421/III/2> <PICT:0801421/III/3> a high velocity, e.g. above 140 ft. per sec. through the restricted area, which prevents plugging and assists cleaning, and a low holding time, preferably under 1 sec. which prevents undue decomposition of the gas outside the reaction zone.  As shown, in Fig. 1, a reactor 1 contains a fluidized bed 2 formed above a refractory layer 18 which protects the cone and conduits 12, and 13, which are supported on a cylinder 17.  The feed gas (preheated naphtha) is mixed with hydrogen externally to the reactor and cone and on passing into the bed contact with the solids is improved by means of the horizontal pipes 19 (equally "disc and doughnut" or "egg-crate" baffles may be employed).  The catalyst is passed for regeneration to vessel 5 and returned to the reactor by pipe 11. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which recycle hydrogen and preheated naphtha are mixed prior to entry into the bed, in the cone 51, which is fitted with a flat rather than a dished base; it also shows more clearly the restricted orifices 52, 521 of the conduits or nozzles 50, 501. The base angle "A" of the cone should be greater than the angle of repose of the catalyst, preferably above 45 degrees.  Conduit 50 is sealed at the exit and equipped with slots 53; slots directed toward equipment surfaces may be sealed off, or wear plates interposed.  Fig. 3 shows an embodiment employing several distributers, in which a dished base to the cone is employed and the volume of the cone at the same time reduced by the provision of a baffle 36; refractory material 37 may be provided between the dished top and the baffle.  There is also shown a membrane 31 whereby, together with the protective insulation 35 supported thereon, the catalyst is kept clear of the bottom of the reactor. To protect the membrane the pressure may be balanced by means of a gas through line 32, and in case of the distributer plugging up, valve 34 in line 33 can also be opened.ALSO:In the fluidized catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons, e.g hydroforming, the gaseous reactant may be introduced into the bed of catalyst at a velocity, e.g. 50-125 ft./sec. which avoids attrition, whilst maintaining a velocity, e.g. above 140 ft./sec. through a restricted area in the distributer which avoids plugging, and maintaining a low holding time, preferably under 1 sec., which prevents undue decomposition outside the reaction zone, by means of a distributer comprising a plurality of upwardly-directed conduits connected to the upper surface of an inverted hollow cone into <PICT:0801421/IV (b)/1> which the hydrocarbon is passed, said conduits having a restricted cross-section at the end connected to the cone (see Group III). As shown in Fig. 1, naphtha (e.g. a paraffinic, naphthanic, sweet or sour, cracked or coker naphtha boiling in the range of 100-430 DEG F.) preheated to up to 1000 DEG  F. and recycle hydrogen, preheated to up to 1200 DEG  F. are mixed externally of the reactor 1 and cone 12 and passed through said cone and the conduits 13 into a bed of catalyst such as platinum, cobalt molybdate, chrome-alumina or molybdenealumina maintained at 750-1000 DEG  F. and 50-250 p.s.i.g. or up to 1000 p.s.i.g.  Uniform mixing of the hydrocarbons is assisted by baffles 19.  The products which preferably contain over 50 per cent of recycle hydrogen pass out of the reactor through conduit 3.  In another embodiment (Fig. 2, not shown), the hydrogen and naphtha are mixed within the cone of a distributer.  Numerical details are given of conditions in which a 180-350 DEG  F. naphtha was converted to give a yield of 76.3 per cent of 95 octane.