Patent GB-653913-A (GB)
Title: Lubricating composition
IPC: C10M135/04
Filed: 1948-05-14
Abstract: A lubricating composition comprises an oleaginous material, and a minor proportion of the product obtained by reacting, at elevated temperature, a cyclic ketone of at least 12, preferably more than 18 carbon atoms with a sulphurizing agent or a salt of such a product. Preferred ketones are the unsaturated ketones obtained from isophorone bottoms produced by condensing acetone, e.g. with 30-60 per cent caustic alkali at 130-170 DEG  C. and 300-500 pounds per square inch.  Specific fractions may be used such as topped crude and topped crude hydrolysed isophorone bottoms, and resinous condensation products made by treating the crude bottoms with solid sodium hydroxide.  Hydrogenated products of these unsaturated ketones, and alkyl substituted cyclohexanones, carvomenthones, menthones, pulegones, carvones and camphors are also suitable.  The sulphurizing agent may be sulphur, sulphur halides, alkali polysulphides, ammonium hydrogen sulphide-hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur dioxide.  The molar ratio of such agent to ketone is generally from 0.5 or less : 1 to 1 : 1.  The reaction is effected at about 130-200 DEG  C. or higher, preferably 150-170 DEG  C., with slow heating in the initial stage up to about 60-80 DEG  C.  An inert atmosphere or inert diluent is used. The desired fraction of the product may be extracted with a non-aromatic hydrocarbon, of B.P. 164-233 DEG  F.  It may be neutralized with a hydroxide, oxide or carbonate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal or Al, Cr, Fe or Zn, ammonia or amines or treated with a free metal.  Thus, the product is dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil under oxidizing conditions and lime added with agitation at above 120 DEG  C. for 2 hours.  In examples: (1) cyclic unsaturated ketones of at least 18 carbon atoms obtained by topping isophorone bottoms at about 140 DEG  C. and 10 mm. are heated with half the molar ratio of sulphur in carbon dioxide at about 160 DEG C. for 24 hours and the product extracted with hydrocarbon; (2) C12-C15 ketones derived from acetone condensation are treated similarly; (3) the product of (1) is dissolved in a mineral lubricating oil, air blown, and heated with lime to give the calcium salt.  Specification 596,150 is referred to.ALSO:A lubricating composition comprises an oleaginous material, and a minor proportion of the product obtained by reacting at elevated temperature, a cyclic ketone of at least 12, preferably more than 18, carbon atoms with a sulphurizing agent or a salt of such a product.  Preferred ketones are the unsaturated ketones obtained from isophorone bottoms produced by condensing acetone, e.g. with 30-60 per cent caustic alkali at 130-170 DEG  C. and 300-500 pounds per square inch.  Specific fractions may be used such as topped crude and topped crude hydrolysed isophorone bottoms, and resinous condensation products made by treating the crude bottoms with solid sodium hydroxide. Hydrogenated products of these unsaturated ketones, and alkyl-substituted cyclohexanones, carvomenthones, menthones, pulegones, carvones, and camphors are also suitable.  The sulphurizing agent may be sulphur, sulphur halides, alkali polysulphides, ammonium hydrogen sulphide-hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur dioxide.  The molar ratio of such agent to ketone is generally from 0.5 or less: 1 to 1 : 1. The reaction is effected at about 130-200 DEG  C., or higher, preferably 150-170 DEG  C., with slow heating in the initial stage up to about 60-80 DEG  C.  An inert atmosphere or inert diluent is used. The desired reaction of the product may be extracted with a non-aromatic hydrocarbon, of B.P. 164-233 DEG  F.  It may be neutralized with a hydroxide, oxide or carbonate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal or Al, Cr, Fe or Zn, ammonia or amines or treated with a free metal.  Thus, the product is deposited in a hydrocarbon oil under oxidizing conditions, and lime added with agitation at above 120 DEG  C. for 2 hours.  In examples: (1) cyclic unsaturated ketones of at least 18 carbon atoms obtained by topping isophorone bottoms at about 140 DEG  C. and 10 mm. are heated with half the molar ratio of sulphur in carbon dioxide at about 160 DEG  C. for 24 hours, and the product extracted with hydrocarbon; (2) C12-C15 ketones derived from acetone condensation are treated similarly; (3) the product of (1) is dissolved in a mineral lubricating oil, air blown, and heated with lime to give the calcium salt.  Specification 596,150 is referred to.  The oleaginous material may be mineral lubricating oil or synthetic lubricant of hydrocarbon or other origin.  The amount of additive is generally not more than 5, preferably 0.1-2 per cent by weight.  Other additives include blooming agents, pour-point depressants, viscosity improvers, and anti-foaming agents; detergents such as salts of detergent-forming acids, e.g. fatty acids of 10-30 C atoms, chlorinated fatty acids, rosin acids, aromatic and aralkyl acids, diphenols, sulphonic acids, phosphoric, arsonic and antimonic acids and corresponding thio-acids and acid esters; alkaline earth phosphate diesters and diphenolates; phosphatides, rape-seed oil, and voltolized oils; anti-oxidants such as alkyl and amino phenols, and amines; corrosion-inhibitors such as dicarboxylic acids of 16 or more carbon atoms, alkali and alkaline-earth salts of sulphonic and fatty acids, and compounds having an acidic radical close to a nitrile, nitro or nitroso group; extreme pressure agents such as esters of phosphorus acids, aromatic sulphides, sulphurized oils or fatty esters, sulphurized olefines, sulphurized phosphorized fatty oils or acids, chlorinated hydrocarbons or esters; urea or thiourea derivatives, polyisobutene, and unsaturated polymerized esters.