baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202229233-A (TW)
Title: Composition, film, optical filter, solid-state imaging element, image display device, and ir sensor
Inventor: YAGI KAZUNARI
IPC: C07D413/02
Filed: 2021-10-27
Abstract: Provided is a composition capable of forming a film having excellent IR-blocking capability. Also provided are a film, an optical filter, a solid-state imaging element, an image display device, and an IR sensor. The composition contains an IR absorber and a curable compound. The IR absorber contains a compound represented by formula (1), and the content of the compound represented by formula (1) is at least 3 mass% of the total solid content of the composition.
Patent TW-202234552-A (TW)
Inventor: LU WEI
IPC: H01L21/687
Filed: 2021-11-01
Abstract: The present disclosure relates to load cups that include an annular substrate station configured to receive a substrate. The annular substrate station surrounds a nebulizer located within the load cup. The nebulizer includes a set of energized fluid nozzles disposed on an upper surface of the nebulizer adjacent to an interface between the annular substrate station and the nebulizer. The set of energized fluid nozzles are configured to release energized fluid at an upward angle relative to the upper surface.
Patent TW-202224940-A (TW)
Title: Adhesive tape and use of same
Inventor: HARADA TOMOHITO
IPC: B32B27/22
Filed: 2021-11-19
Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive tape which has abrasion resistance, while maintaining the functions and performances required for adhesive tapes in various applications. This adhesive tape is provided with: a base material layer that is formed of a polyvinyl chloride film; and an adhesive layer that is arranged on at least one surface of the base material layer. With respect to this adhesive tape, the base material layer contains a polyvinyl chloride and a plasticizer. The content of the plasticizer in the base material layer is not less than 20% by mass but less than 36% by mass. In addition, the thickness of the base material layer is more than 115 [mu]m but less than 400 [mu]m. With respect to this adhesive tape, the abrasion resistance value as determined in an abrasion resistance test that is performed under a load of 450 g at a sandpaper moving rate of 1,500 mm/minute in accordance with ISO 6722 is 300 mm or more.
Patent TW-202321796-A (TW)
Title: 低電壓啟動之全固態無機電致變色元件結構及其製造方法
Inventor: CHEN HSI-CHAO
IPC: G02F1/1523
Filed: 2021-11-19
Abstract: 一種低電壓啟動之全固態無機電致變色元件之製造方法包含：於一第一基板上形成一電致變色層，以便形成一第一側半部元件；於一第二基板上形成一輔助變色層，以便形成一第二側半部元件；於該第一基板之電致變色層及第二基板之輔助變色層之間配置至少一固態電解質層，且該固態電解質層包含至少一膠態電解質材料；及利用該固態電解質層適當黏貼固定該第一側半部元件及第二側半部元件，以形成一互補式電致變色元件。
Patent TW-202242303-A (TW)
Title: Light source device, illumination device, and projection type display device
Inventor: MIYAO MASA
IPC: F21V5/08
Filed: 2021-11-24
Abstract: A light source device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a light source unit that has a plurality of light-emitting elements; and a first shifter array that has an incident surface and an emission surface, and that, upon receipt of beams of light that are emitted from the respective plurality of light-emitting elements and are incident on the incident surface, adjusts the optical paths of the beams of light by a prescribed amount for each of the beams of light, and emits the beams of light from the emission surface.
Patent TW-202211112-A (TW)
Title: Service summon system and method using voice command
Inventor: LEE LI-YING
IPC: G06Q40/00
Filed: 2019-02-13
Abstract: A service summon method for using voice command, which comprises: receiving a to-do affair signal and an identity signal by a computing assembly, and obtaining a blank form including a plurality of profile fields according to the to-do affair signal by the computing assembly; searching for a personal profile associated with one of the plurality of profile fields and the identity signal from a database according to the plurality of profile fields; generating a personal document with a number and an affair execution form, wherein the affair execution form comprises the blank form and the personal profile filled in the corresponding
personal fields, and the number is corresponding to a service end to make the service end to execute an affair; sending the personal document to an output interface by the computing assembly.
Patent TW-202232209-A (TW)
Inventor: JANG CHANG-WON
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2021-11-29
Abstract: Various embodiments set forth optical patterning systems. Each pixel of the optical patterning systems includes an amplitude-modulating cell that is in line with a phase-modulating cell. The amplitude-modulating cell includes a liquid crystal and a drive method for modulating at least the amplitude of a wavefront of light that passes through the amplitude-modulating cell. The phase-modulating cell includes a liquid crystal and a drive method for modulating at least the phase of a wavefront of light that passes through the phase-modulating cell. In some embodiments, the amplitude-modulating cell shares a common ground with the phase-modulating cell. The amplitude-modulating cell and the phase-modulating cell can be used to independently control the amplitude change and phase delay imparted by the pixel, enabling complex wavefront modulation.
Patent TW-202232561-A (TW)
Inventor: REN YAN
IPC: G01N23/225
Filed: 2021-12-02
Abstract: 本發明揭示一種帶電粒子工具，該帶電粒子工具經組態以自一帶電粒子束產生複數個子射束並且將下游之該等子射束引導朝向一樣本位置，該工具帶電粒子工具包含：至少三個帶電粒子光學組件；一偵測器模組；及一控制器。該偵測器模組經組態以回應於自該樣本位置之方向之上游傳播的帶電粒子而產生一偵測信號。該控制器經組態以在一校正模式下操作該工具。該等帶電粒子光學組件包括：一帶電粒子源，其經組態以發射一帶電粒子束；及一射束產生器，其經組態以產生該等子射束。該偵測信號含有關於該等帶電粒子光學組件中之至少兩者的對準的資訊。該等帶電粒子光學組件包含兩個或多於兩個帶電粒子光學元件，該兩個或多於兩個帶電粒子光學元件包含可監測該等帶電粒子之一孔徑陣列。
Patent TW-202231012-A (TW)
Title: Blocking sensitive data
Inventor: KIRAZ MEHMET SABIR
IPC: G06F21/64
Filed: 2021-12-14
Abstract: A method for blocking sensitive data in a message, the method performed on a computing device and comprising: creating a copy of said message; generating at least one zero knowledge proof, the generating of each of said at least one zero knowledge proof comprising: obtaining a mask bit string which identifies locations of at least one sensitive bit in bits of said copy; computing a public bit string by modifying said bits of said copy by assigning the at least one sensitive bit with a predetermined value; determining a secret bit string which includes said at least one sensitive bit and satisfies a requirement that said bits of said copy are equal to an output of a bitwise logical calculation using the public bit string, the mask bit string and the secret bit string; hashing the copy of said message or a portion thereof to generate an output hash value; and generating a zero knowledge proof using the public bit string, the mask bit string, the output hash value, the secret bit string; removing each of said at least one sensitive bit from said copy to generate a modified message; and
        outputting the modified message to a recipient together with the at least one output hash value, and the at least one zero knowledge proof to enable the recipient to prove that the modified message is valid.
Patent TW-202324377-A (TW)
Inventor: HO MING-CHUNG
IPC: G10K15/02
Filed: 2021-12-14
Abstract: An audio signal generation method, an audio playback device, a computer readable medium and uses thereof are provided. The audio signal generation method includes performing a plurality of basic audio signals based on a plurality of sine waves with different frequencies, and mixing the basic audio signals to form a non-linear brain dynamics audio, wherein the frequencies are in a frequency range of 0 to 100 Hz (except 0 Hz).
Patent TW-202217119-A (TW)
Title: 地下室防漏水之水位平衡減壓工法及結構
Inventor: ZHANG YUAN-JIA
IPC: E02D31/10
Filed: 2020-07-17
Abstract: 本發明的地下室防漏水之水位平衡減壓工法以及地下室防漏水之水位平衡減壓結構是在地下室建築結構的外部土壤中設置減壓管，在減壓管的管壁上設置複數個通孔，土壤中或支持構件或排樁間的水分經由通孔流入，並利用總水頭歸零(平衡原則)達到減壓功效，有效避免水壓形成側向水壓力，進而減少土壤中或支持構件或排樁間的空隙所產生的水分滲入地下室內之優勢。
Patent TW-202234847-A (TW)
Inventor: ELMALI UGUR BARAN
IPC: H04L1/18
Filed: 2021-12-27
Abstract: 本發明呈現允許一使用者設備(UE)將一混合自動重傳請求-確認(HARQ-ACK)回饋映射至所接收之服務之一個或多個HARQ-ACK子碼簿之方法及程序。當該等服務使用為相同時間點排定之一HARQ-ACK回饋時，該一個或多個HARQ-ACK子碼簿可級聯成一個HARQ-ACK碼簿且接著傳達至一通信節點。取決於待為其提供HARQ回饋之多播及廣播服務(MBS)之數目及取決於是否待在該排定時間點為單播服務發送HARQ-ACK回饋，各種方法可用於級聯順序。該級聯順序可利用級聯順序參數之一遞增順序或一遞減順序。
Patent TW-202235927-A (TW)
Title: Polarizing plate
Inventor: IWATA TOMO
IPC: C09J11/06
Filed: 2021-12-24
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing plate in which protective films are bonded to both sides of a polarizing film, and which is less likely to cause curl or has a small degree of curl even when placed in a high humidity environment. The present invention provides a polarizing plate which comprises a first protective film, a first adhesive layer, a polarizing film, a second adhesive layer, and a second protective film in this order, wherein the first adhesive layer is a cured product layer of a first cationic polymerization type adhesive containing one or more kinds of cationic polymerization initiators, the second adhesive layer is a cured product layer of a second cationic polymerization type adhesive containing one or more kinds of cationic polymerization initiators, one or more cationic polymerization initiators contained in the first cationic polymerization type adhesive comprises a first cationic polymerization initiator, the first cationic polymerization initiator is a borate salt composed of a cationic component and an anionic component represented by the formula (i), and the molecular weight of the first cationic polymerization initiator is larger than the molecular weight of the above-mentioned one or more kinds of cationic polymerization initiators contained in the second cationic polymerization type adhesive.
Patent TW-202234903-A (TW)
Inventor: CHOI CHANG-SIK
IPC: H04W4/02
Filed: 2022-01-10
Abstract: A responder user equipment (UE) in separate ranging sessions may determine whether there is a collision between the ranging signals assigned to broadcast in the separate ranging sessions. A collision in the ranging signals is detected when the ranging signals have the same frequencies and broadcast times, e.g., the broadcast time of one ranging signal is within a predetermined amount of time for the other ranging signal. When a collision in the ranging signals is detected, the responder UE sends a message to the initiator UE indicating the possibility of a collision. Available times for broadcasting the ranging signals may be determined, e.g., by the responder UE or the initiator UE. The initiator UE may initiate a new ranging session based on the available times for broadcasting the ranging signal or may proceed with the ranging session with the possibility that the responder UE will not participate.
Patent TW-202231217-A (TW)
Inventor: YAN JIAN
IPC: A45D40/12
Filed: 2022-01-13
Abstract: 一種無膠黏劑口紅盒，其包括A型殼和凸輪套筒，在A型殼與凸輪套筒中間沒有膠黏劑。凸輪套筒在其外表面上設置有一個或多個柔性突片。柔性突片沿徑向向外方向偏置。A型殼構件貼合地裝配在凸輪套筒和柔性突片上方，使得由突片施加在凸輪套筒的內表面上的向外壓力幫助確保這兩個構件一體地移動。
Patent TW-202334883-A (TW)
Inventor: LIN WEI-PIN
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2022-02-17
Abstract: 本發明係關於一種基於網路社群平台的實時交易與營銷管理系統以及其方法，其通過至少一影像擷取器擷取一擺放指定實體商品的實體交易場所的實時影像串流數據，以及遠端網頁伺服器根據該實時影像串流數據產生若干個對應該指定實體商品的圖標的相關行銷資訊，進而促使買方/賣方端顯示單元顯示出一包含該若干個圖標嵌入實時實體交易情景的管理網頁以供點選，通過該系統能夠E化管理實體交易場所的營銷步驟、商品資訊與客戶數據，進而實現虛實整合交易、提高交易成交速度。
Patent TW-202334557-A (TW)
Inventor: CHANG TUNG-JIE
IPC: F16C11/06
Filed: 2022-02-21
Abstract: Transfer block structure of an universal joint, a first insertion hole and a second insertion hole of the transfer block are shaped by a first end face oriented toward a second end face, a third insertion hole and a fourth insertion hole of the transfer block are shaped by the second end face oriented toward the first end face, therefore, the insertion holes will not be affected by other structures of the transfer block during the processing process, and the insertion holes will not destroy the other structures of the transfer block to improve the processing convenience.
Patent TW-202247023-A (TW)
Title: Data processing method and circuit based on convolution computation
Inventor: HUANG KUN-HUA
IPC: G06F30/27
Filed: 2022-03-04
Abstract: A data processing method and a circuit based on convolution computation are provided. In the method, shared memory structure is provided, convolution computations with batch and duplicated data are provided, an arrange mechanism for storing data into multiple memories is provided, and padding mechanism with signed number is provided. Therefore, flexible and efficient convolution computation mechanism and structure are provided.
Patent TW-202324109-A (TW)
Inventor: GUILFORD JAMES
IPC: G06F12/0804
Filed: 2022-03-16
Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a compression accelerator to process a request from software to compress source data into an output file. The compression accelerator includes early-abort circuitry to provide for early abort of compression operations. In particular, the compression accelerator uses a predetermined sample size to compute an estimated size for a portion of the output file. The sample size specifies how much of the source data is to be analyzed before computing the estimated size. The compression accelerator also determines whether the estimated size reflects an acceptable amount of compression, based on a predetermined early-abort threshold. The compression accelerator aborts the request if the estimated size does not reflect the acceptable amount of compression. The compression accelerator may complete the request if the estimated size reflects the acceptable amount of compression. Other embodiments are described and claimed.
Patent TW-202249462-A (TW)
Title: Resolving call-quality issues
Inventor: RESMAN MATT B
IPC: G10L25/66
Filed: 2022-03-17
Abstract: This document describes methods and devices for resolving call-quality issues during a real-time person-to-person media session (e.g., a call). The techniques described herein utilize a first computing device to establish a call with a second computing device through a wireless communication network (e.g., an IMS network). The first computing device may exchange status messages with the second computing device during a call to communicate status information of a device. For example, if a call-quality issue is detected by the first computing device using the status information received in a status message from the second computing device, the first computing device may determine a cause of the issue and notify a user of the first computing device of the call-quality issue. Furthermore, the first computing device may determine a recommendation for resolving the call-quality issue and notify the user of the recommendation to improve the user experience.
Patent TW-202246800-A (TW)
Title: Generating indoor maps based on radio frequency sensing
Inventor: GIVEHCHIAN HADI
IPC: H04W4/02
Filed: 2022-03-25
Abstract: Methods and systems for generating map information of an environment using channel state information (CSI) of wireless signals received by access points (APs) in the environment are disclosed. In some implementations, a system uses CSI of a wireless signal received by a respective AP to determine a time-of-flight (ToF) and an angle-of-arrival (AoA) of one or more reflected path signal components of the wireless signal, and estimates the locations of points or surfaces in an area of the respective AP based on the ToF and AoA of the reflected path signal components. The estimated locations of the points or surfaces can be used to generate map information for the area. The system aggregates map information generated for different areas of the environment to determine map information for the entire environment. The wireless signals may be received from wireless stations or user equipment, or may be received from the respective AP.
Patent TW-202240773-A (TW)
Title: 半導體裝置
Inventor: LEE IL-MIN
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 2022-03-30
Abstract: 本發明提供一種半導體裝置，包含：基底；第一內埋絕緣層，安置於基底上；第一井，安置於由第一元件分離膜界定的第一區中的第一內埋絕緣層上，且包含沿第一內埋絕緣層的上部表面延伸的第一部分及在自基底朝向第一內埋絕緣層的方向上自第一部分延伸的第二部分；第二內埋絕緣層，安置於第一井的第一部分上；第一半導體膜，安置於第二內埋絕緣層上；第一電晶體，位於第一半導體膜上；以及第二元件分離膜，在第一井的第一部分上將第二內埋絕緣層及第一半導體膜與第一井的第二部分分離，其中第一井的第二部分的上部表面置放於與第一元件分離膜的上部表面相同的平面上。
Patent TW-202249385-A (TW)
Title: Wireless charger
Inventor: CHIU KUAN-YU
IPC: H02J50/00
Filed: 2022-06-10
Abstract: A wireless charger having coils disposed in a recess of a metallic case of the wireless charger, wherein a first heat-conducting material is disposed in the recess to encapsulate the coils with the first heat-conducting material being in contact with a sidewall and a bottom surface of the recess.
Patent TW-202303139-A (TW)
Title: Ultrasonic inspection apparatus and ultrasonic inspection method
Inventor: SAKAI KAORU
IPC: G01N29/24
Filed: 2022-06-24
Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection apparatus groups extracted reflection signals into a plurality of groups (S107), estimates, for each group, a reflection intensity range and a reference reflection intensity which is the reflection intensity of a normal part to serve as a reference (S108), calculates an image quality conversion table for nonlinearly converting reflection intensities on the basis of the estimated reflection intensity range (S109), converts the reflection signals in each group in accordance with the image quality conversion table (S110), and compares the converted reflection intensities with the converted reference reflection intensity to extract a defect (S111).
Patent TW-202308452-A (TW)
Title: Methods and user equipment for wireless communications
Inventor: HSIAO PO-WEN
IPC: H04B17/00
Filed: 2022-07-11
Abstract: A method for wireless communications, comprising: obtaining a first measurement result of frequencies of one or more bands; obtaining a second measurement result of the frequencies of the one or more bands, wherein the first measurement result and the second measurement result are generated at different times; determining a similarity between the second measurement result and the first measurement result to generate a determination result; and determining a system selection strategy according to the determination result.
Patent TW-202308897-A (TW)
Title: A rear sprocket and a rear sprocket assembly
Inventor: EMURA ATSUHIRO
IPC: B62M9/10
Filed: 2022-07-21
Abstract: A rear sprocket S1 includes a sprocket body 41 and a plurality of sprocket teeth 43. The plurality of the sprocket teeth 43 includes the at least one downshifting facilitation tooth 51. The at least one downshifting facilitation tooth 51 has the driving surface 45a and the non-driving surface 47a. The non-driving surface 47a has the chain lifting area 47a2. The minimum chain-lifting distance D1 is equal to or larger than half of the pitch circle diameter r2 minus 4.1 mm and equal to or smaller than the half of the pitch circle diameter minus 2.1 mm.
Patent TW-202322350-A (TW)
Title: Semiconductor device
Inventor: KOYA SHIGEKI
IPC: H01L27/082
Filed: 2022-07-28
Abstract: This semiconductor device has: a plurality of first transistors arranged in a first direction; at least one dummy structure provided between the plurality of first transistors; a plurality of second transistors arranged in a specific direction; a first bump that, in a plan view, lies astride the plurality of first transistors and the at least one dummy structure; and a second bump that, in a plan view, lies astride the plurality of second transistors. The height of the first transistors is lower than the height of the dummy structure and the height of the second transistors. In the first direction, the pitch between two of the first transistors arranged so as to have the dummy structure therebetween is smaller than the pitch between two of the second transistors arranged so as to have another one of the second transistors therebetween.
Patent TW-202334340-A (TW)
Title: 基於鹵化的釕cmp化學組成
Inventor: ABEL PAUL
IPC: C09G1/02
Filed: 2022-10-17
Abstract: 本揭露提供用於釕(Ru)化學機械研磨(CMP)處理中的新腐蝕控制化學品。更具體地，本揭露提供改進的CMP漿料化學品和用於平坦化釕表面的CMP處理。在本文揭露的CMP處理中，將釕表面(例如，蝕刻後釕表面)暴露至CMP漿料，該CMP漿料包含：一鹵化劑，其與該釕表面反應以產生鹵化釕表面、及用於配體輔助反應溶解該鹵化釕表面的一配體。可控制該CMP漿料中的該鹵化劑和該配體之反應量，使得提供改進蝕刻後表面形態的擴散限制蝕刻處理，同時提供高材料去除速率。
Patent TW-202328805-A (TW)
Title: Methods and systems to calibrate reticle thermal effects
Inventor: SUBRAMANIAN RAAJA GANAPATHY
IPC: G03F1/38
Filed: 2022-10-26
Abstract: A method of reducing effects of heating and/or cooling a reticle in a lithographic process includes conditioning the reticle to adjust an initial temperature of the reticle to a predetermined temperature, reducing stress in the reticle to reduce parasitic thermal effects, calibrating a reticle heating model by exposing the reticle and a non-production substrate to a dose of radiation, and processing a production substrate by exposing the reticle and a production substrate to a dose of radiation based on the reticle heating model. The method can increase calibration accuracy and speed of the reticle heating model, reduce conditioning times of the reticle, reduce stress in the reticle, avoid rework of production substrates, and increase throughput, yield, and accuracy.
Patent TW-202312250-A (TW)
Inventor: REN HE
IPC: H01L21/30
Filed: 2020-04-28
Abstract: Methods of forming fully aligned vias connecting two metal lines extending in two directions are described. The fully aligned via is aligned with the first metal line and the second metal line along both directions. A third metal layer is patterned on a top of a second metal layer in electrical contact with a first metal layer. The patterned third metal layer is misaligned from the top of the second metal layer. The second metal layer is recessed to expose sides of the second metal layer and remove portions not aligned sides of the third metal layer.
Patent TW-202316177-A (TW)
Inventor: PENG KUEI-EN
IPC: G02B27/01
Filed: 2021-09-24
Abstract: 一種抬頭顯示裝置包括顯示單元、第一光學模組以及第二光學模組。顯示單元具有相鄰配置的第一及第二有效成像區，用以分別產生第一以及第二影像光束，第一光學模組包括第一、第二以及第三反射面，第一影像光束依序被第二反射面及第三反射面反射至第二光學模組，第二影像光束被第一反射面反射至第二光學模組。第一及第二影像光束分別被第二光學模組反射至抬頭顯示裝置外，再被傳遞至目標元件，以形成第一虛像及第二虛像。第一影像光束從第一有效成像區至其所形成之第一虛像之位置的光程大於第二影像光束從第二有效成像區至其所形成之第二虛像的位置的光程。
Patent TW-202335461-A (TW)
Title: 透過錢包連接介面執行的認證方法及相關產品
Inventor: YU HAN-KUAN
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 2022-11-24
Abstract: 本發明的實施例提供一種透過錢包連接介面執行的認證方法、認證系統及電腦可讀儲存媒體。所述方法包括：反應於判定穿戴式裝置上的應用的認證功能被使用者觸發，產生與錢包連接介面相關的認證資訊；將認證資訊發送到與錢包連接介面對應的智慧型裝置及伺服器；反應於接收到認證資訊，向伺服器提供智慧型裝置的錢包應用的錢包資訊，其中認證資訊及錢包資訊用於觸發伺服器在穿戴式裝置與智慧型裝置之間進行匹配；以及反應於判定穿戴式裝置已與智慧型裝置匹配，判定使用者已得到認證。
Patent TW-202336719-A (TW)
Title: Electronic device and modulating device with short frame time length
Inventor: LIN YI-HUNG
IPC: G09G3/20
Filed: 2022-11-30
Abstract: An electronic device and a modulating device with short frame time lengths are provided. The electronic device includes a substrate, a plurality of first signal lines, a plurality of second signal lines and two first integrated circuits. The plurality of first signal lines are disposed on the substrate. The plurality of first signal lines are divided into a first group of signal lines and a second group of signal lines. The plurality of second signal lines are disposed on the substrate. The plurality of second signal lines are arranged alternately with the multiple first signal lines. The two first integrated circuits are bonded on the substrate. Each of the two first integrated circuits are electrically connected to the first group of signal lines and the second group of signal lines. The first group of signal lines and the second group of signal lines are arranged alternately in columns.
Patent TW-202335695-A (TW)
Inventor: JAHANGIR EMILIA
IPC: A61M25/06
Filed: 2022-11-30
Abstract: A vascular access system comprising a sheath, a slitted sleeve, and a sealing portion of the slitted sleeve. The slitted sleeve comprises a tubular sleeve body having a longitudinal slit along its length, wherein the slitted sleeve is adapted to receive a first portion of a medical device therein. The longitudinal slit closes, but does not seal, after the first portion of the medical device is inserted therein. The sealing portion of the slitted sleeve is configured to fill a gap and form a seal between an inner surface of the sheath and a portion of the first portion of the medical device disposed in the sheath when the sheath is inserted in the blood vessel and the slitted sleeve is inserted into the sheath lumen. A vascular access device accessory and a method for inserting it into a sheath are also provided.