Patent GB-940404-A (GB)
Title: Sludge inhibitor and sediment dispersant and process of producing and applying the same
Inventor: POLLITZER ERNEST LEO
IPC: C10L1/22
Filed: 1961-12-04
Abstract: Water-insoluble polymers are prepared by reacting, at a temperature of 20 to 100 DEG C., from 1 to 2 mol. proportions of certain aliphatic amines with 1 to 1.5 mol. proportions of an ephihalohydrin, followed by reaction with an inorganic base at a temperature of 55 to 100 DEG C., followed by further heating at 55 to 100 DEG C. to give polymers having 3 to 20 recurring units.  The aliphatic amine contains carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen only, and is a primary amine or an amine with at least two -N-H groups, and has 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and a straight chain portion of at least 3 carbon atoms attached to a nitrogen atom. Many amines are specified, including hydrogenated tallow amine, and N-tallow -1,3-diamino propane. Specified epihalohydrins are epichlorohydrin, 1,2-epoxy-4-chlorobutane, 2,3-epoxy-4-chlorobutante, 1,2-epoxy-5-chloro-pentane, 2,3-epoxy -5-chloropentane, and the corresponding bromo and iodo compounds. Preferably a monoamine is reacted with epichlorohydrin to equimolar proportions, and a diamine is reacted with epichlorohydrin in the ratio of 1 mol. diamine to 1.25 mols. epichlorohydrin. The reaction is preferably carried out in a hydroxylic solvent, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerols.  The inorganic base employed may be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.  The base is preferably added in two stages with intervening heating, so that the organic halide formed by the first addition is in turn reacted to liberate the free amine so that it can further react and polymerize to form the desired polymeric reaction product.  The polymers may be dissolved in solvents, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, cumene, naphtha, and kerosene, and these may be added during manufacture with the hydroxylic solvents. Uses.  Sludge inhibitors and sediment dispersants in burner oil, fuel oil, furnace oils, diesel oils, and jet fuels.ALSO:A sediment dispersant and sludge inhibitor in burner oils, fuel oils, furnace oils, diesel oils, and jet fuels, comprises the polymeric product obtained by reacting, at a temperature of 20 DEG  to 100 DEG  C., from 1 to 2 mol. proportions of certain aliphatic amines with 1 to 1.5 mol. proportions of an epihalohydrin, followed by reaction with an inorganic base at a temperature of 55 DEG  to 100 DEG  C., followed by further heating at 55 DEG  to 100 DEG C. to give polymers having 3 to 20 recurring units.  The aliphatic amine contains carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen only, and is a primary amine or an amine with at least two -NH groups, and has 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and a straight-chain portion of at least 3 carbon atoms attached directly to a nitrogen atom (see Division C3).  The concentration of the polymer in the burner oil is generally from 0.0001 to 1%.  The inhibitor may also be added to heat-exchanger fluids in quantities of from 1 to 5000 parts per million by weight, to prevent sludge formation.  Besides hydrocarbon fluids, other organic fluids specified are alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, detergents, and detergent alkylates, to which the polymer may be added to prevent sludge formation when used as heat-exchanger fluids.