Patent GB-231901-A (GB)
Title: Method of performing chemical reactions
IPC: B01J3/00
Filed: 1925-04-06
Abstract: In the production of a reactive body comprising a porous carrier moistened with a reagent, the fuller's earth, kieselguhr, or like and the sulphuric acid or other reagent are mixed and treated under reduced pressure.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises the use in chemical reactions of a mixture of the reagent with a porous body such as bone black, fuller's earth, or burnt kieselguhr.  Preferably the carrier is impregnated with the dilute acid or other reagent, pressed to remove excess of reagent, and heated in vacuo to effect partial or complete drying.  It is then agitated with the substance to be treated, and allowed to settle out when the reaction is complete.  The process is stated to be applicable to actions such as the introduction of groups into organic compounds, sulphurizing, nitrating, chlorinating, and nitroso-combination processes, the purification of benzol, xylol, crude petroleum, cracked oils, Russian spindle oil, benzoles, or other mineral or fat oils, the purification of fats and fatty oils, e.g. whale, blubber, fish oils, and rape seed oil, the neutralization of oils and liquid hydrocarbons after purification by strong or dilute sulphuric acid, and the preparation of emulsions from the mixture of kieselguhr and acid-sludge obtained in the acid purification of mineral oils by treating such mixture with alkali and sulphonated oils or resins such as the resinous by-product "tall-oil" obtained in the manufacture of wood-pulp by the sodium sulphate process.  The examples include:-(1) the manufacture of nitrobenzol by heating benzol on the water bath for some hours with kieselguhr containing the required quantity of nitric acid, and then distilling off the nitrobenzol; (2) the sulphonation of castor oil by stirring 800 kilograms of castor oil with a mixture of 200 kilograms of concentrated sulphuric acid and 100 kilograms of kieselguhr, settling, diluting, and syphoning off the ricinoleic acid; (3) the preparation of an edible rape-seed oil by vigorously agitating 10,000 kilograms of oil with a dried mixture of 120 kilograms of concentrated sulphuric acid and 100 kilograms of kieselguhr, settling, and syphoning or filtering; (4) the neutralization of 100 kilograms of mineral oil previously purified by sulphuric acid, by stirring with a dried mixture of 1 kilogram of fuller's earth with 1 kilogram of 40 per cent sodium hydrate.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:In the production of a reactive body comprising a porous carrier moistened with a reagent, the kieselguhr, fullers earth or the like and the sulphuric acid or other reagent are mixed and treated in vacuo.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises the use in chemical reactions of a mixture of the reagent with a porous body such as bone black, fullers earth, or burnt kieselguhr.  Preferably the carrier is impregnated with the dilute acid or other reagent, pressed to remove excess of reagent, and heated in vacuo to effect partial or complete drying.  It is then agitated with the substances to be treated, and allowed to settle out when the reaction is complete.  The process is stated to be applicable to actions such as the introduction of groups into organic compounds, sulphonating, nitrating, chlorinating, and nitrosocombination processes, the purification of benzene, xylene, crude petroleum or other mineral or tar oils, the neutralization of oils and liquid hydrocarbons after purification by strong or dilute sulphuric acid &c.  The examples include:-(1) the manufacture of nitrobenzene by heating benzene on the water bath with kieselguhr containing the required quantity of nitric acid, and then distilling off the nitrobenzene; (2) the sulphonation of castor oil by stirring castor oil with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and kieselguhr, settling, diluting, and syphoning off the ricinoleic acid; (3) the neutralization of mineral oil previously purified by sulphuric acid, by stirring with a dried mixture of fullers earth with sodium hydrate.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) describes the purification of oils and fats by a mixture of a reagent with a porous body such as bone black, fuller's earth, or burnt Kieselguhr. Preferably the carrier is impregnated with the dilute acid, alkali, or other reagent, pressed to remove excess of reagent, and heated in vacuo to effect partial or complete drying.  It is then agitated with the substances to be treated, and allowed to settle out when the reaction is complete.  The process is stated to be applicable to the purification of benzol, xylol, crude petroleum, cracked oils, Russian spindle oil, benzoles, or other mineral or tar oils, the purification of fats and fatty oils, e.g. whale blubber, fish oils, and rape-seed oil, and the neutralization of oils and liquid hydrocarbons after purification by strong or dilute sulphuric acid.  Examples include (1) the preparation of an edible rape-seed oil by vigorously agitating 10,000 kilograms of oil with a dried mixture of 120 kilograms of concentrated sulphuric acid and 100 kilograms of kieselguhr, settling, and syphoning or filtering; (2) the neutralization of 100 kilograms of mineral oil previously purified by sulphuric acid, by stirring with a dried mixture of 1 kilogram of fuller's earth with 1 kilogram of 40 per cent sodium hydrate. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.