baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-977102-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of glucaronic acid or glucuronolactone
IPC: C07H7/033
Filed: 1960-12-21
Abstract: Glucuronic acid or glucuronolactone is obtained by oxidizing the primary alcohol groups or starch followed by alkaline hydrolysis. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxide and carbonate-, ammonia, or a strongly basic anion exchange resin can be used for hydrolysis. Metal ions are removed by ion exchange resins and the solution concentrated in vacuo. The acid is obtained if the ion exchanged solution is diluted with alcohol before concentration.
Patent GB-1001457-A (GB)
Title: Process for top blast refining of pig iron rich in phosphorus with slag exchange andre-use of the second slag
IPC: C21C5/32
Filed: 1962-11-21
Abstract: In a two-slag process for the refining of iron by top-blowing, in which the second slag from one charge is retained for use as the first slag of the succeeding charge, the said slag is rendered inert by addition of a carbon-containing metal additive before the fresh charge is added.  The additive may be a reduced iron ore product such as nodules or sponge, or may be metal swarf or finely divided scrap or sheet cuttings; it may amount to 5-25% of the weight of the slag.
Patent GB-1244011-A (GB)
Title: Superconductive barrier devices
Inventor: PIERCE JOE TED
IPC: G11C11/44
Filed: 1968-09-20
Abstract: 1,244,011. Superconductor devices. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc. 20 Sept.. 1968 [23 Oct., 1967], No. 44737/68. Heading H1K. A superconductor device includes a granular layer of particulate grains of superconductor separated by insulating barriers of the oxide of the material of the grains thin enough to permit electron pair tunnelling therethrough. In a first embodiment, Fig. 2 (not shown), a gate conductor has a particulate portion forming an array of Josephson junctions separated by a thin insulating layer, forming a further Josephson junction, from a thick superconductor member. A control conductor crosses the particulate portion and when energized interrupts the coherence effects in the Josephson junctions which switch to the "normal" (quasi-particle tunnelling) state. The device may be formed by depositing a ground plane on a glass substrate, insulating with a layer of photo-resist, depositing a thick Sn member, oxidizing the surface, depositing a Pb gate conductor and anodizing the portion above the Sn member to form the particulate portion and finally depositing insulation and a control conductor. A cryotron may comprise a particulate member being an array of Josephson junctions, Fig. 10 (not shown). The particulate member may be formed of Ta particles oxidized by glow discharge and allowed to settle on the substrate. Alternatively a continuous film having bumps, Fig. 11 (not shown) may be deposited and the surface anodized to form particles separated by thin oxide layers to form Josephson junctions, Fig. 12 (not shown). Such a cryotron emits radiation due to the AC Josephson-effect and may be placed in a waveguide. When suitably biased the device may also detect radiation. Particulate Josephson junction cryotrons may be utilized in flip-flop cell in the form of a loop in which a persistent current is stored, the direction of current flow indicating the state of the cell. Non-destructive read-out is achieved by sense lines incorporating Josephson junction cryotrons the states of which are determined by the direction of the current flow in the adjacent arm of the loop relative to a current in sense bias lines extending parallel to the arms of the loop, Figs. 7 to 9 (not shown).
Patent GB-1497913-A (GB)
Title: Ion source
IPC: H01J37/08
Filed: 1975-10-30
Abstract: 1497913 Ion sources INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CO 30 Oct 1975 [29 Nov 1974] 44801/75 Heading H1D An ion source comprises a first chamber 12 and a second chamber 26 separated by an apertured wall 28, the first chamber 12 containing an inert gas, e.g. argon, helium or hydrogen which is ionised by an arc between a thermionic filament and the wall of the chamber, electrons from the first chamber passing into the second chamber 26 where a reactive substance, such as boron, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, is ionized by a separate arc, the ions being extracted via aperture 38 and there being a magnetic field along the axes of the two chambers provided by a coil 48. The separation of the two chambers is said to prevent contamination of the filament by the reactive substance. The first chamber is cooled by fluid passing through conduits 18 and channels 18. Voltages are supplied along leads 70 and 72 to the respective chamber walls and along leads 22 to the filament 20. In Fig. 2 (not shown) a further potential is applied to the extraction aperture.
Patent GB-1088489-A (GB)
Title: Electrical transformer
IPC: H01F27/32
Filed: 1965-10-22
Abstract: 1,088,489. Transformers, inductors; electric insulation. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION. Oct. 22, 1965 [Nov. 5, 1964], No. 44815/65. Heading H1A and H1T. The high and low voltage windings 14, 12 of a transformer comprising copper or aluminium foil are insulated at 30, 34, 36, 38, 40 by a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, e.g. of the polyester, silicone or epoxy type, impregnated with silicon carbide particles having a coating of silicon dioxide, the resulting insulation having a voltage dependent resistivity so that at normal operating voltages the insulation allows substantially no current to flow through itself but at excess voltages it protects itself against damage by becoming conductive. The turn-to-turn-insulation 30 may comprise an enamel coating or an interleaved sheet. The winding-to-winding insulation 34 and the winding-to-ground insulation 36, 38, 40 may comprise solid discrete members or solid cast insulation. This insulation may be applied to transformers having interleaved foil windings.
Patent GB-1140777-A (GB)
Title: Electronic audible alarm devices
IPC: G08B3/10
Filed: 1967-10-04
Abstract: 1,140,777. Acoustic signalling; sound-producing instruments. EDWARDS CO. Inc. 4 Oct., 1967 [29 March, 1967], No. 45138/67. Headings G4F and G5J. [Also in Division H3] An alarm system operable either as a siren or as a horn, comprises a switch 14 arranged in one position thereof to connect oscillators 12 and 13 to energize a loud-speaker 10 at first and second fixed frequencies so as to operate as a horn and in the second position thereof firstly to change the fundamental frequency of one of oscillators 12 and 13 and secondly to cause such oscillator to energize the loudspeaker 10 at a cyclically varying frequency to operate as a siren. As described, when switch 14 is in its lower position, oscillator 12 generates pulses at 1800 c/s. which are combined with pulses at 1100 c/s. from oscillator 13 and fed via a class C amplifier Q5 to a loud-speaker 10, thus simulating a horn. The phasing of oscillator 13 relative to that of oscillator 12 is controlled by coupling via capacitor 47. When switch 14 is set to its upper position, capacitor 14 is transferred from oscillator 13 to oscillator 12, reducing its frequency. The frequency of oscillator 12 is modulated by a voltage from a multivibrator 17 so as to simulate a siren. The supply to amplifier Q5 is imperfectly smoothed by capacitor 23 so as to improve the stridency of tone. Diode 46, connected to an auxiliary winding of the output transformer 20, protects transistor Q5, improves the squareness of the output waveform and returns a portion of the stored magnetic energy to capacitor 23. Keying pulse generators.-A gas tube 26 and series transistor Q8 are provided to minimize transients when the alarm-sounding pushbutton 18 is closed and opened. Transistor pulse oscillators.-When pushbutton 18 is closed capacitor 35 charges via resistors 37, 38 until transistors Q1 and Q2 are turned on, when their regenerative coupling drives transistor Q1 to saturation. A discharge circuit is now closed for capacitor 35 via the emitter-base circuit of transistor Q2 and the emitter-collector circuit Q1. The frequency is adjustable independently of pulse duration by variation of the base voltage of Q1.
Patent GB-1131870-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for continuously vulcanizing conveyor belts and the like
IPC: B29C35/02
Filed: 1967-10-04
Abstract: 1,131,870. Vulcanizing rubber sheet. CONTINENTAL GUMMI-WERKE A.G. 4 Oct., 1967 [22 Oct., 1966], No. 45159/67. Heading C3E. Apparatus for continuously vulcanizing rubber sheet 5 and the like comprises a heated drum 1, adapted to be rotated and provided with an outer jacket, on which a sheet blank is held down over a part of the circumference by a flexible pressure application strip 2 moving in the same direction, wherein, beneath the strip and carried along therewith, edging strips 6 are provided to protect the edge of the belt blank on the drum, and displaceable guides 8 for the strips are provided in front of but displaceable in a direction parallel to the axis of the drum. Preferably sensing means (not shown) sense the edges of the belt blank to cause the edging strips to abut the blank directly.
Patent GB-1409416-A (GB)
Title: Detergent formulations
IPC: C11D1/28
Filed: 1971-09-28
Abstract: 1409416 Detergent concentrate UNILEVER Ltd 26 Sept 1972 [28 Sept 1971] 45162/71 Heading C5D A fabric-cleaning and softening concentrate comprises (a) 10-60 weight per cent of watersoluble salts of alpha-sulphonated C 14-20  substantially saturated fatty acids, (b) 2-25% of other surface active agents and (c) a builder, the weight of any non-fabric-softening builder present being not more than 4 times the weight of sulphonated fatty acid. The composition may also include a mono-, sesqui- or di-ester of a sugar with a C 12-20  acid or a phthalate halfester of a C 10-20  alcohol. Ingredients specified include: sulphonated fatty acids: sodium alphasulpho-tallow fatty acid salt; other surface active agents: sodium tallow soap, tallow sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, hexadecylbenzene sulphonate, olefin sulphonates, alkane sulphonates, tallow alcohol ether sulphate, fatty alcohol-ethylene oxide adducts and nonylphenol - ethylene oxide adduct; builders: sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium orthophosphate, sodium silicate; sugar esters: sucrose monomyristate, sucrose monotallowate, sucrose sesquistearate, sucrose dipalmitate, sucrose distearate, sucrose dioleate and glucose esters; phthalates: monodecyl phthalate, monododecyl phthalate; other ingredients: sodium sulphate, sodium perborate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, optical brighteners and water. -The composition may be liquid, powder or granules.
Patent GB-1302058-A (GB)
IPC: D01F9/14
Filed: 1970-09-29
Abstract: 1302058 Heating by RF fields UNITED AIRCRAFT CORP 29 Sept 1970 [9 Oct 1969] 46268/70 Heading H5H [Also in Division C1] Carbon filaments of high tensile strength and modulus, i.e. having values for these parameters above 20,000 p.s.i. and 50,000,000 p.s.i. respectively are prepared by continuously moving at least one carbonized or nearly carbonized, i.e. transformed in part to carbon, precursor filament through an electrically conductive enclosure, generating a radiofrequency current in an oscillatory circuit connected to the enclosure and establishing an electric field, axially oscillating at said frequency parallel to the axis of said filament within said enclosure, of a sufficient density to heat said filament to 2500 to 3500 C. during a time period of less than 30 sees. The precursor filament may be a pyrolysed organic polymeric filament, preferably a cellulosic material. The filaments may be coupled to the radio-frequency source by a quarter wave cavity coupler. Suitable heating apparatus is shown in the Fig. A quarter wave cavity couples 10 has an outer tubular electrically conductive enclosure 12 which supports an inner cylindrical inductor tube assembly 18 on flanges 14 and 16. The assembly 18 is electrically a quarter wave-length long and is provided with a variable capacitor 20 having a movable upper plate 21. A filament 22 is passed through assembly and means are provided to establish a potential gradient of intensity sufficient to raise to graphitization temperature any carbonized or partly carbonized precursor material. Power is fed via coaxial cable from radio frequency source 24, capable of generating frequencies from 1-500 megahertz. To prevent end heating, resonant energy traps tunable by variable capacitors 28 are provided at the ends of the cavity. An inner chamber 30 of glass or quartz extends through the length of cavity, and is fitted at both ends with closures 32. These are adapted to permit axial passage of the filament but retain suitable fluid, e.g. Hg or inert gas so as to function as an atmosphere seal. During operation the chamber 30 is filled, e.g. via inlets/outlets 34, with an inert gas, e.g. N 2 , to prevent oxidation.
Patent GB-1141509-A (GB)
Title: A method and device for handling an end of yarn or roving
Inventor: SHARP JOHN BEVERLEY
IPC: D01H15/00
Filed: 1965-10-27
Abstract: 1,141,509. End-catching and piecing device. WOOL INDUSTRIES RESEARCH ASSOCIATION. 22 Sept., 1966 [27 Oct., 1965; 1 Feb., 1966], Nos. 45415/65 and 4390/66. Heading D1D. A free end of yarn or roving is gathered and delivered to a predetermined position while twist is imparted to the yarn &c., by a spiralling current of air, the end of the current where low pressure prevails being situated where the yarn-end is to be gathered, whereby the end is sucked into the current and conveyed thereby and the high-pressure end being directed to deliver the yarn end to the predetermined position. To this end, a tube 11 is provided with an inclined duct 12 through which air under pressure is directed tangentially and downwardly into the tube. The upper end of the tube where the yarn end is sucked in is tapered; to reduce friction and prevent the accumulation of wool grease a liner of P.T.F.E. can be inserted in the tube; or the inside of the tube may be coated with PTFE; or an inner cylinder may be disposed inside the tube and the air injected into the annular space between them. The duct 12 may be one of a number connected to a common airline; the spiralling and suction effects may be produced by different air streams; the tube 11 may be earthed to prevent the build-up of static; and the tube 11 may be curved. The device may be used for threading-up or piecing, e.g. after doffing on the former case, the twist imparted by the spiralling-current acts to strengthen the yarn and in the latter case, the spiralling-current acts to wrap one end around the other. The device may be used in connexion with pot-spinning, break-spinning, or ring, flyer or cap-spinning. In the latter case, the device is placed, instead of the upper thread-guide, between the outlet of the drafting-rollers and the spindle; the suction in the tube 11 draws the end from the outlet nip with a motion that causes it to gyrate around the cap; to facilitate the attachment of the end to the spindle the latter is roughened or provided with an entrainment disc. The tube need not be straight.
Patent GB-1125564-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to automatic switching systems
Inventor: PAGE PETER COLIN
IPC: H04Q3/54
Filed: 1964-11-09
Abstract: 1,125,564. Automatic exchange systems. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. 5 Nov., 1965 [9 Nov., 1964], No. 45541/64. Heading H4K. In a multistage switching network having a plurality of identical, degenerate matrices in each stage, each stage is provided with a single simulating network for all the matrices therein, the networks being connected in series via link simulating wires, and a path from a marked inlet is selected by marking all free routes to all free outlets, selecting one of these outlets and then selecting one route to the just-selected outlet. The matrices of each stage are arranged in groups with, in effect, a single marker for each group whereby since the particular matrix corresponding to the marked inlet is known, a unique path-corresponding to the selected route-may be set up through the matrices, even though at each stage the selected route-so far as this stages' simulator is concerned-is applicable to any matrix of the stage. The specification is almost identical with that of Specification 1,125,563 which, however, claims other features.
Patent GB-982890-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in holders for blocks of paper sheets
IPC: B42F1/00
Filed: 1962-12-06
Abstract: 982,890. Spring clips. B. FORSTER. Sept. 4, 1963 [Dec. 6, 1962], No. 46045/62. Heading E2B. [Also in Division B6] A holder for a block of paper sheets comprises two spring loaded jaws 1, 2 adapted to grip the block one jaw 2 having pins 8 to pass through holes in the block and operating levers 4, 5 attached to or integral with the jaws one of which 5 has pivoted to it a latch part 9 adapted to engage the other lever to hold the jaws in gripping position the lever 5 having a hole 11 for a screw 12 to secure the holder to a support and the lever 4 having a hole for a screwdriver to pass through to turn the screw.
Patent GB-1218968-A (GB)
Title: Portable cooling units for air-conditioned suits
Inventor: WILSON MURRAY VINCENT
IPC: F25D3/10
Filed: 1968-09-27
Abstract: 1,218,968. Air conditioned suits. BRITISH AIRCRAFT CORP. Ltd. 26 Sept., 1969 [27 Sept., 1968], No. 46083/68, Heading F4H. A portable unit for cooling an air-conditioned suit of the open-circuit type comprises a motor 25 driving an axial vane pump 26 that draws in ambient air and delivers it to a supply pipe 31 connected to the suit and containers 11, 12 holding a refrigerant such as dichlorodifluoromethane which is fed into the air stream via a valve 18 and a nozzle 30. Rotation of a control knob 20 first energizes the motor by a cam 22 actuating a micro-switch 24 and further rotation opens the valve 18. The motor is powered by a cadmium plate battery 33 that can be recharged via a plug socket 34 and has a cut-out circuit 35 to prevent the battery discharging to a level below which it could not be re-charged. The battery could be replaced by a fuel cell. There are four containers 11, 12 and they can be replaced when empty or refilled. The apparatus is housed in a plastics case 32 the remaining space inside the case being filled with expanded polystyrene.
Patent GB-1442769-A (GB)
Title: Method of forming separation zones for defining a light trans mission path in a compound semiconductor optical integrated circuit
IPC: H01L23/31
Filed: 1973-10-03
Abstract: 1442769 Optical integrated circuits UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO 3 Oct 1973 [12 Oct 1972] 46256/73 Heading H1K Optical isolation between different parts of an optical semiconductor integrated circuit made of a compound semiconductor is provided by oxide zones formed in a given pattern on the semiconductor surface by plasma oxidation. As described the semiconductor is gallium phosphide or gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAs. 6 P. 4 ). Typically a pattern of isolating zones 3 (Fig. 4a) up to 10 Á thick, is formed extending through an epitaxial layer of GaAs. 6 P. 4  into a GaAs substrate. Light is confined by reflection at the semiconductor-oxide interfaces caused by the fact that the refractive index of the oxide decreases with increasing distance from the interface.
Patent GB-1248102-A (GB)
Title: Reconstituted tobacco
IPC: A24B15/12
Filed: 1969-09-19
Abstract: 1,248,102. Reconstituted tobacco products. AMF Inc. 19 Sept., 1969 [23 Sept., 1968], No. 46312/69. Heading A2C. A method of making a reconstituted tobacco product from stem particles includes the step of mechanically working, i.e. deforming without cutting, the stem particles before they are further processed and incorporated as a constituent of an aqueous slurry suitable for moulding or casting. In one example, chopped stems are steam-softened by a process involving the alternate application of steam and vacuum and are then crushed or flattened between rolls having a clearance of 1 to 2 mils after which they are dried and threshed. They are then mixed with water and refined in a single or double disc refiner after which they are combined with leaf portions in the ratio 70% refined stem to 30% leaf, and water to produce a dispersion having a total solids content of 8% which is then cast on a stainless steel belt, dried by steam impingement on the underside of the belt, remoistened to about 23% moisture content and doctored to sheet form. Between the crushing and refining stages the stem particles may be "sweated", i.e. allowed to ferment in piles, and washed to remove certain soluble matter. The addition of the leaf portions may be effected during the refining instead of afterwards, or may be omitted.
Patent GB-1103375-A (GB)
Title: Transistor switch circuit
Inventor: LITTLE JAMES MCKEE
IPC: H03K17/68
Filed: 1964-11-13
Abstract: 1,103,375. Transistor gating circuits. RANK BUSH MURPHY Ltd. 15 Nov., 1965 [13 Nov., 1964], No. 46381/64. Headings H3R and H3T. A gating circuit comprises a transistor 10 having its emitter-collector path in series with a capacitor 16 in the signal transmission path and having no D.C. connection between the emitter and collector externally of the transistor, a two level D.C. signal being applied to the base to switch the transistor on and off. The absence of the D.C. path eliminates keying clicks. In the circuit shown the input signal is received through an emitter follower 14 and the output is delivered by a transformer 18.
Patent GB-1530474-A (GB)
Title: Vehicle windscreen wiper
IPC: B60S1/38
Filed: 1975-11-11
Abstract: 1530474 Windscreen wipers DUCELLIER & CIE 11 Nov 1975 [16 Dec 1974] 46483/75 Heading A4F A windscreen wiper comprises a blade 1, two flexible backing members 2, 3 housed in grooves 10 in the blade, and a harness including yokes 4 having claws 5, the claws 5 embracing the blade and engaging in notches 6, 7 in the members 2, 3 at least one end 2a of each member being inclined toward the adjacent end 3a of the other member so as to grip the blade therebetween under the force applied by the claws 5. As shown the notches 7 are tapered to facilitate assembly of the wiper and to allow the blade to adopt different curvatures. The ends 2b, 3b of the members 2, 3 can have abutments (Fig. 2 not shown) can be inter-connected and/or inclined towards one another.
Patent GB-1419534-A (GB)
Title: Process of pretreating cold-rolled steel sheet for annealing
IPC: C21D1/74
Filed: 1972-10-09
Abstract: 1419534 Electro-deposition KAWASAKI SEITETSU KK 9 Oct 1972 [11 Oct 1971 23 Oct 1971 (2) 5 Nov 1971] 46502/72 Headings C7B and C7N Prior to annealing, cold-rolled low carbon steel sheet is coated with one at least of S, Al, Sb, Pb, Bi, As, Sn, Se or Te in elemental or compound form by deposition from a liquid phase containing a total coating concentration of up to 0.1 mol/ litre. The steel may be unkilled steel containing less than 0.002% N, killed steel containing 0.001- 0.5% of at least one of Al, Ti, Nb, V, Zr or B, or a killed steel containing 0.05-3.25% Si, while the coating may be applied at the rate of at least 2g./sq. m. of a solution containing a total concentration of 0.0001 to 0.1 mol/l of compounds of the coating elements, or of a dispersion containing a similar concentration of compounds. Alternatively the steel sheet may be coated electrolytically in an aqueous bath using a density of 1-20 coulombs/dm<SP>2</SP>. Typical electrolytes are Al 2 (SO 4 )3, 18H 2 O and Na 2 S 2 O 3 . 5 H 2 O at concentrations of 0.00001, 0.00005, 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.01 mol/l, used at current densities of 0.15 A/dm<SP>2</SP> and 1.5 A/dm<SP>2</SP> and 80‹C, while use of S 2 Cl 2 , SbCl 3 , SeOCl 2 , Na 2 SeO 3 , TeCl 4 , Na 2 TeO 3 , NaAlO 2 , SnCl 2 . 2H 2 O, KH 2 AsO 4 , PbCl 2 , and BiCl 3  is exemplified. The compounds may be added to a sodium orthosilicate electrolytic degreasing bath.