Patent GB-997142-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric signal translating circuits
Inventor: BERRY ALLAN DAVID
IPC: G01K1/20
Filed: 1963-05-15
Abstract: 997,142. Automatic gain control. GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY Ltd. April 22, 1964 [May 15, 1963], No. 19328/63. Heading H4R. In a pilot controlled gain adjusting device in which the pilot level controls the heating of a thermistor to vary the gain, a second thermistor is provided to compensate for ambient temperature variations when the first thermistor temperature is at a first nominal value and a third thermistor is provided which together with the second thermistor provides ambient temperature compensation when the first thermistor is at a second nominal temperature. Two embodiments are described. Fig. 2 shows one embodiment in which the attenuation of the # network 1 is varied according to the filtered and rectified pilot signal applied to the base of transistor 19 in the control circuit. At pilot signal levels below, e.g. -35 dBm. transistor 19 is cut off and a constant current flows through the heater 11 of the thermistor 10, the current being set by the voltage of Zener diode 17 and the value of resistor 15. In this condition thermistor 8 provides compensation for the effects of ambient temperature variations on thermistor 10, Zener diode 17 and transistor 12. At pilot levels above - 35 dBm., transistor 19 of the long-tailed pair 18, 19 conducts and increases the current in heater 11 and therefore increases the attenuation of the attenuator 11 to tend to maintain the output constant. At a pilot level of - 25 dBm. or above transistor 27 conducts and maintains the potential on the collector of transistor 19 constant and therefore maintains the current through heater 11 constant. Thermistor 8 still provides some compensation for ambient temperature changes but since the temperature of the thermistor is much higher than when the pilot level was below - 35 dBm. additional compensation is required and this is provided by thermistor 26. Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment in which, at pilot levels below - 35 dBm., the rectified pilot signal applied via the emitter follower 54 cuts off transistor 43 of the long-tailed pair 43, 44. The current through transistor 45, stabilized at a value dependent on the potential across the Zener diode 49, the resistance 46 and the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient nickel wire wound resistor 45, flows through the attenuator network 1 and stabilizes the attenuation of the network. Compensation for the effects of ambient temperature changes on the thermistor 30, the Zener diode 49 and transistor 44 is provided by the positive temperature coefficient resistors 36 and 45. At pilot levels between - 35 dBm. and 25dBm. the output level of the attenuator network is maintained substantially constant due to the increase in current in transistor 43 and the consequent decrease in current in transistor 44 and hence in the attenuator circuit, whilst at levels above - 25 dBm. transistor 44 is cut off, no current flows through the attenuator network and the resistance of thermistor 30 remains substantially constant, ambient temperature effects being compensated by the positive temperature coefficient nickel resistor 36. It is suggested that the indirectly heated thermistor in Fig. 2 could be replaced by a directly heated thermistor, and the directly heated thermistor 30 in Fig. 3 by an indirectly heated thermistor.