Patent GB-935420-A (GB)
Title: Fibrous articles and latices for use in the manufacture thereof
IPC: C09J7/21
Filed: 1959-07-17
Abstract: A copolymer comprising a conjugated diene and a polycarboxylic acid, or a compound from which such acid may be derived, is used for internally bonding paper (see Group VIII).  The copolymer may be prepared, in the form of a synthetic rubber latex, by emulsion polymerization, in an aqueous medium, of monomeric material containing 20 to 90%, by weight, of at least one aliphatic conjugated diene, preferably having 4 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule, 10 to 75% of at least one non-carboxylic mono-olefinic compound, 0,5 to 20% of at least one olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acid and, optionally, 0,5 to 5% of an olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.  Specified conjugated dienes are:- butadiene1,3 and its 2-methyl, 2,3-dimethyl, 2-neopentenyl, 2-chloro, 1- or 2-cyano derivatives, piperylene (pentadienes) and the hexadienes.  Specified non-carboxylic monoolefinic compounds are:- acrylonitrile, alpha-chloroacrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ethacrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl and butyl methacrylate, methyl and isobutyl dichloroacrylate, methyl ethacrylate, styrene and its alpha-methyl, alpha-chloro, p-cyano and pphenyl derivatives, e.g. vinyl toluene; vinyl pyridine, vinyl naphthalene and vinylidene chloride.  The olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acid may have the formula:-R-CH=CX-(Z)n,COOH in which R is preferably hydrogen or carboxyl, but may be a carboxylic ester, alkyl or alkenyl group, X is hydrogen, a halogen, a carboxyl, cyano, sulpho, alkyl, aryl, thienyl or furyl group, Z is a methylene, substituted methylene, allyl, arylene, thienylene or furylene group, n is zero or an integer not greater than 3 and at least one of the groups R and X is carboxyl or Z contains carboxyl. Specified olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acids are:- fumaric, maleic, ethyl maleic, citraconic, mesaconic, itaconic, methyl itaconic, aconitic, muconic, hydromuconic, glutaconic, 3-carboxy-pentadiene(2,4)-oic-1, beta-(p-carboxyphenyl) acrylic, 2,4pentadiendioic-1,3, and the dimer and trimer of methacrylic acid (which are regarded as being monomers).  Anhydrides, esters, partial esters, nitriles, amides and acid chlorides of these acids may be used and subsequently hydrolysed.  Specified olefinically unsaturated mono-carboxylic acids are:- acrylic and its alpha-chloro, alpha- and beta-vinyl, alpha-isopropenyl, alpha-furyl, alpha-styryl derivatives, e.g. 2-carboxy-4-phenyl-1,3-butadiene; methacrylic, ethacrylic, sorbic and its alpha-methyl, alpha-ethyl, alpha-chloro, alpha-bromo, beta-chloro, alpha-beta and gamma-epsilon dimethyl derivatives, hydrosorbic, 2,4-heptadienoic, 2-4-hexadienoic, crotonic, alpha-chlorocrotonic, cinnamic and its m-chloro, p-chloro and alpha-vinyl derivatives, vinyl-thiophenic, vinyl-furoic p-vinyl-benzoic and vinyl-naphthoic.  The aqueous emulsion undergoing polymerization may contain an emulsifier, a chelating agent, an initiator, a modifier and a stabilizer, specific examples of which are given.  An antioxidant, such as a polyalkyl polyphenol, a melamineformaldehyde resin and a pigment, such as titanium dioxide, may be mixed with the resulting latex.