baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-397411-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of manufacturing alumina
IPC: C01F7/32
Filed: 1933-03-21
Abstract: A basic ammonium alum, precipitated from a normal alum solution by heating to a temperature above 140 DEG  C., is heated first to 500-600 DEG  C. to dehydrate it and drive off ammonia and then to 700-1000 DEG  C. to obtain alumina and anhydrous sulphur trioxide which is recovered as sulphuric acid.  The alumina may be freed of traces of residual sulphate by means of ammonium, sodium, or potassium hydroxide or carbonate, the corresponding sulphate formed being washed out.  The mother liquor from precipitating the basic alum, together with the ammonia and sulphuric acid recovered from the heating steps, may be used in the preparation of a normal ammonium alum solution from aluminiferous ores. Specification 397,409 is referred to.
Patent GB-1311259-A (GB)
Title: Anti-lock brake control systems
IPC: B60T8/82
Filed: 1972-02-24
Abstract: 1311259 Brakes; anti-skid systems; indicating malfunction GENERAL MOTORS CORP 24 Feb 1972 [15 March 1971] 8576/72 Headings F2E and F2F A vehicle anti-skid braking system having rotational speed sensors on each wheel, includes a sensor check circuit 20 jor detecting sensor malfunction and a self-check circuit 66 for detecting malfunction of the braking system. These operate a timing circuit which, after a delay, operates a warning and disables the braking control circuits by grounding the inputs of front and rear release comparators 42, 46. As described in Specification 1,250,737, incipient wheel slip is detected and this causes release of braking pressure until such slipping ceases, this cycle being repeated. the system incorporates front-wheel speed sensors 10, 12 and a rear sensor 14. The circuit for detecting sensor malfunction acts by determining when one sensor output is too high and another is too low, which, together with a signal generated only before the first anti-skid cycle, act to disable the anti-skid system. The system incorporates front-wheel speed sensors 10, 12 on each front wheel and feeding squaring amplifiers 16 and 18 respectively, while the rear wheels are sensed together at the propeller shaft by sensor 14 feeding squaring amplifier 16<SP>1</SP>. Sensor 12 feeds through a sensor check 20 which monitors its continuity, and the amplifiers 16 and 18 feed a digital maximum frequency selector 22 which produces a square wave signal on line 24 of frequency proportional to the speed of the faster front wheel and on line 26 a similar signal corresponding to the speed of the slower front wheel. A differentiator 30 produces a signal representative of front-wheel acceleration and differentiator 30<SP>1</SP> does the same for both rear wheels. These two outputs are selected for highest value at 36 which feeds a common adaptive control circuit 38 whose output is integrated and compared with the output from 30 to roughly match vehicle deceleration with wheel deceleration to give an error signal on line 44 at front release comparator 46 to energize the front driver 48 to ground solenoid 50 to release the brake. Wheel-speed recovery operates an acceleration switch 54 causing threshold circuit 52 to reapply the brake. The rear brake operation is similar. All these components are effectively checked for correct function by a selfcheck circuit 66 which monitors many circuits to trigger a timing circuit when malfunction occurs to give a warning 68 after a certain time has elapsed and also to disable the control circuits by grounding the inputs of front and rear release comparators 46 and 46<SP>1</SP> via line 70 and diodes 72, 72<SP>1</SP>. Logic circuits to perform these functions are described.
Patent GB-400839-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to evaporators for air humidifying for the radiators of central heating systems
IPC: F24D19/00
Filed: 1933-03-22
Abstract: 400,839. Radiators for heating buildings &c. BROSINGER, J., 901, Cechova Mostu, Prague. March 22, 1933, No. 8637. [Class 64 (ii).] In order to moisten air, each radiator 6 of a central heating system carries an additional section 2 formed with a central water-containing vessel 2<1> extending from top to bottom of the section and surrounded bv an annular hollow space 3 connected by intake and discharge pipes 4, 41 with the radiator 6 to allow circulation of the heating medium. The sections are cast or built from pressed metal sheets and may be flat. The flanges 5, 5<1> are plugged or connected to a condenser, and circulation of steam is controlled by a valve 10. The evaporator section may have a perforated cover and a discharge point 11<1> and may be shorter than the other radiator sections.
Patent GB-673245-A (GB)
Title: A hydraulic pressure actuator with constant return stroke
IPC: F16D65/22
Filed: 1950-04-06
Abstract: 673,245. Hydraulic brake wear adjusters. PAL KBELY, NARODNI PODNIK, and BELENKIJ, Y. April 6, 1950 [April 8, 1949], No. 8716/50. Class 103 (i). An actuator for hydraulic brakes which provides an automatic adjustment of the shoe clearance, comprises main pistons 2 and cup washers 4 against which are pressed, by springs 10, auxiliary cylinders 8 within which slide auxiliary pistons 7 having at one end packing elements 9, the pistons being flanged at their other ends and slidable within the limits of the stop-rings 5 and 6. When liquid is admitted to the actuator to apply the brake, both main and auxiliary pistons 2 and 7 are moved together until the normal shoe clearance corresponding to the distance between the stops 5 and 6 has been taken up. If, due to lining wear, there is further clearance to be taken up, the piston 2, cup washer 4 and auxiliary cylinder 8 continue moving out together thus leaving a space between the end of the element 9 and the inner face of washer 4 within the cylinder 8. Liquid is sucked into this space through the helical grooves in the piston 7 and past the lips of the packing element 9. When the brake is released this liquid is prevented from return flow by the element 9 and due to its incompressibility limits the release movement to the distance between stops 5 and 6.
Patent GB-1362360-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for perforation by electric discharge
IPC: C08J7/00
Filed: 1973-02-22
Abstract: 1362360 Discharge apparatus SANYOKOKUSAKU PULP CO Ltd and MISHIMA PAPER MFG CO Ltd 22 Feb 1973 [17 July 1972] 8760/73 Heading H1X Apparatus for perforating sheet material comprises a plurality of discharge electrodes arranged opposite a common grounded electrode, and nozzles for ejecting or drawing a stream of gas into the discharge space. The discharge electrodes are tungsten wires and each electrode is connected through an individual step-up transformer to a high-frequency pulse source and is surrounded by a nozzle through which a gas, e.g. CO 2 , N 2 , steam, air or mixtures thereof passes. The common electrode may be a metal roll. Perforating conditions, e.g. spacing density and size of the perforations are controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the gas which also controls the thermal energy of the discharge to inhibit blackening of the edges of the perforations.
Patent GB-362290-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the electrical precipitation of suspended particles from gaseous fluids
IPC: B03C3/40
Filed: 1931-03-21
Abstract: <PICT:0362290/III/1> <PICT:0362290/III/2> In an electrical precipitator of the rod curtain type, the collecting electrode system comprises a series of vertical rods, bars or tubes 6 supported from angle bars 7, the ends of which are mounted on beams 9, extending transversely above the precipitator chamber 1, so that they rest freely on the beams but are held against lateral displacement.  Each set of electrode rods is spaced by means of bottom and intermediate members 14, 15, the rods 6 passing loosely through perforations in the above members. Each intermediate spacing member 15 is suspended from the top beam 7 for the corresponding row of electrodes by rods 16, and similarly each bottom spacing member 14 is suspended from the corresponding intermediate member 15 by means of rods 16<1>. The rows of electrode rods are spaced transversely by rods 20, 21 (see Fig. 1), resting loosely on members 14, 15 respectively, and held by pins 22, 23 having suitable retaining means at their upper and lower ends. The whole electrode system is thus free for relative vertical movement of its parts to prevent strains due to temperature changes, and held in its correct position by plates 24 adjustably mounted on vertical baffle members 11 adjacent each side wall of the chamber 1. The discharge electrodes 25, for example square twisted rods, are freely suspended through perforations in supports 26 mounted on cross beams 27, e.g. by means of pins.  The beams 27 are supported on horizontal beams 32 by brackets which also engage vertical frame beams 35 and thus hold the beams 27 against lateral displacement. The beams 35 are connected by cross members 36, 37 carrying spacing bars or tubes 39, 40 through which the electrodes 25 pass, and are mounted at their upper ends on horizontal beams 44 resting on insulators 45, and are connected with a suitable source of high tension current by means of a conductor 72.  The beams 27 carrying the discharge electrodes are connected to an anvil 68 by the beams 64, 70 and the system is jarred by pneumatic hammers 67.  The collecting electrode system is shaken by pneumatic hammers 55 coacting with an anvil 63, connected to the angle bars 7 through members 60, 62.
Patent GB-179762-A (GB)
Title: Fire-escape
IPC: A62B1/10
Filed: 1921-03-22
Abstract: 179,762. Joucla, L. March 22, 1921. Drawings to Specification. Straps and bands.-A body belt for suspending a person from the winch of a fire-escape lowering- apparatus, comprises a rope confined between two leather straps sewn together, the straps being buckled round the waist of the wearer, and the rope ends emerging at points near to the fastening and passing to a common suspension hook.
Patent GB-103426-A (GB)
Title: A New or Improved Watch-stand and Means for Illuminating the Face of the Watch.
Inventor: WORRALL JOHN HAZELWOOD
IPC: A47G29/08
Filed: 1916-06-23
Abstract: 103,426. Worrall, J. H., Worrall, S., and Houlding, T. E., (trading as Worrall, Son, & Co., J. H,). June 23, 1916. Illuminating, means for.-A telescopic upright c, c contains a dry cell d and supports an electric lamp l, which is put into circuit on pushing down the upper section e. At the top, a disk r to receive a watch is carried by a clip p lodged in a socket o.
Patent GB-1243749-A (GB)
Title: Shaped polyurethane articles
IPC: B29B17/00
Filed: 1969-02-19
Abstract: 1,243,749. Moulding cellular articles. RUDOLPH KOEPP & CO. CHEMISCHE FABRIK A.G. 19 Feb., 1969 [1 March, 1968], No. 8908/69. Heading B5A. [Also in Division C3] A moulded component consists of compressed and sintered particles of soft polyurethane foam, has a weight per unit volume between 0À2 and 0À6 g./c.c. a porous structure and smooth and/or embossed surfaces, the foam having been compressed in a ratio of 1 : 10 to 1 : 50 at a temperature of 170‹ to 250‹ C. Mixtures of different foam plastic particles may be used in the production of the moulded component, i.e. the foam particles may be different chemically, e.g. a mixture of polyetherurethane and polyetherurethane foams may be used and/or physically, e.g. particles of different density may be used. The moulded component is suitably prepared from waste foam. The surface of the moulded element may be sealed by fusing thermoplastic or heatsetting resins into the surface of the moulding and this may be effected by packing the foam plastic particles in, for example, a polyethylene bag and then compressing the complete bag into the moulded element. The polyethylene then melts and penetrates into the surface of the moulded element.
Patent GB-598370-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical apparatus for vacuum measurement
IPC: G01L21/00
Filed: 1945-04-11
Abstract: 598,370. Vacuum gauges. TOWNSEND, F. H., and CATHODE ON, Ltd. April 11, 1945, No. 8955. [Class 40 (i)] [Also in Group XXXVI] In an ionisation gauge the sensitivity is automatically controlled by the gas pressure. As shown in Fig. 1, the gauge consists of a triode valve 10 sealed to the vacuum system under test operating in conjunction with electromagnetic relay 20. Battery 14 applies a positive potential to the accelerator grid 12, which with the variable resistor 17 controls the cathode emission. A battery 15 negatively biasses the anode, 13 to act as a collector of positive ions produced during the ionisation of the gas particles by the electron stream. The emission of cathode 11 is set by resistor 17 to the value required for maximum sensitivity of the gauge, and with resistor 25 adjusted so that no current flows in 13 the resistor 26 is set to cause coil 22 to open contacts 23 for a rise in the accelerator current above this value. A resistor 24 thereby inserted in the cathode heating circuit reduces the accelerator current causing the contacts 23 to close, this cycle being repeated to maintain the accelerator current at a constant value. With currents flowing in the coil 21, which operates additively to coil 22, the contacts 23 will open at a lower value of accelerating current. Hence an increase in gas pressure resulting in a rise of collector current will reduce the mean accelerator current and also the sensitivity of the gauge. The sensitivity range is varied as desired by adjustments of variable resistor 25 and the meter 18 will read continuously over the range of pressure valves used, without recourse to switching. Both meters 18 and 19 will be protected against surges of current caused by bursts of gas in the pump system. In a modification, coil 22 may be omitted and the action of the relay is then dependent solely on coil 21. Voltage operated gas-filled relays or any other means may be employed in place of the relay 21, 22 and the functions of the grid and anode may be reversed. In another embodiment, 'Fig. 2, the electrodes functions as in Fig. 1, while control is exerted only on the collector 13a through series resistor 27. An increase in the gas pressure in the gauge 10a will raise the positive ion current throngh 27, thereby lowering the potential of 134 relative to the cathode 11a and be reducing the sensitivity. The range of control may be determined by the choice of the value of the resistor 27 and the point of initiation of control fixed by the value of the initial collector voltage. The gauge sensitivity can be adjusted to be approximately proportioned to the logarithm of the gas pressure.
Patent GB-466347-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in centrifugal separators
IPC: B04B1/08
Filed: 1937-03-30
Abstract: 466,347. Centrifugal separators. AKTIEBOLAGET SEPARATOR. March 30, 1937, No. 9023. Convention date, April 4, 1936. [Class 23] In a centrifuge for the separation of liquids, such as milk, into two components which are conducted by discharge members 5, 9 from separate chambers 4, 8 a wall 17 permanently connected to, or integral with, the top disc 16 of the bowl 7 separates the two discharge chambers.
Patent GB-1488901-A (GB)
Title: Illuminable indicator
IPC: G09F13/16
Filed: 1974-02-28
Abstract: 1488901 Illuminated display devices LUCAS ELECTRICAL Ltd 31 Jan 1975 [28 Feb 1974] 9078/74 Heading G5C An illuminable indicator providing differently coloured displays depending on the use of natural or artificial light has two elongate transparent strips 11, 12 interconnected by bridges 13 and formed with input ends (11a) not shown, and 12a, and output ends 11b, 12b, the strips being preferably turned through 90 degrees before reaching ends 11b, 12b. Artificial illumination of ends 11a, 12a transmits light by internal reflection firstly to emit light through raised plateux 15, 16 by diffusion from opaque painted walls opposite these plateaux, and secondly to emit light at ends 11b, 12b. These ends have shaped lugs 14 coated transparent green lacquer and then translucent white paint and appearing green by transmitted light. Ambient or natural lights, however, is reflected by the translucent paint and lugs 14 appear white. Plateaux 15, 16 are still seen by reflected lights in the same colur. If input ends 11a, 12a also have a coloured lacquer coating, both ends 11b, 12b and plateaux 15, 16 will change colour in daylight. Indicia may be placed on the plateaux, and may also replace the opaquely painted areas behind. Alternatively the rear faces of the strips may be roughened to diffuse light forwardly.
Patent GB-715949-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the addition of magnesium to molten iron
IPC: C21C1/10
Filed: 1951-04-18
Abstract: Magnesium is added to cast iron, to produce spheroidal graphite, in the form of nitrided magnesium or nitrided magnesium alloy.  The nitrided magnesium may be added as a powder along with a minor proportion, e.g. 15 per cent of elementary magnesium. Graphite, silicon, or ferrosilicon or a combination of these substances may be added with the magnesium.  The treated cast iron may be inoculated with ferrosilicon before casting. Specification 630,070 is referred to.
Patent GB-580726-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with rangefinders, heightfinders, and like optical measuring instruments
IPC: G03B13/20
Filed: 1941-07-18
Abstract: 580,726. Range - finders. BARR & STROUD, Ltd., STRANG, J. M., and BULL J. H. July 18, 1941, No. 9146. [Class 97 (i)] In coincidence range-finders wherein the eyepiece remains fixed while the range plane is rotated about the base, the central prism system being such that the beam from one 'objective is stepped out from the objective axis and returned thereto with reverse direction of travel, the roof edge reflectors normally embodied in the central prism system are used for stepping out the beam and not for returning it ; the roof surfaces may thus be distant from the focal plane not less than 10 per cent of the focal length of the objective, and ordinary manufacturing defects in them have little effect on the image. The Figure shows a central prism system comprising a main prism C, a right-angle prism D reflecting the beam A from the objective axis, and a separating prism E receiving both the beam A and the beam B from the other objective, separation being effected by a critical-angle reflecting surface 9. The prisms D, E are cemented to a surface having an internally reflecting portion 13 and a transmitting portion 14, and the roof surfaces 15a, 15b forming a ridge 15 are provided on the prism C ; reflections occur at the faces 13, 16, 17, as shown. Modifications are described in which the roof surfaces are on the prism D, in which a single reflection occurs below the prism E, in which separation is effected by internal refraction in the prism E, and in which separation is effected by a reflecting strip within the prism E. The separated images, may be relatively inverted or not.
Patent GB-725195-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of equipping ports and beaches in view of loading and unloading ships and devices for carrying out same
IPC: B63B9/00
Filed: 1953-04-02
Abstract: 725,195. Slipways. MACGREGOR, R. April 2, 1953 [Jan. 26, 1953], No. 9156/53. Class 68(2). Comprises an installation for landing and launching small craft such as barges. As shown, when the barge, &c. 1 is on land it is supported on blocks 12 clear of the carriage 6. When it is to be launched it is lowered on to blocks 11 of the carriage and the latter is run down the rails on the inclined part of the track until the barge &c., floats off. The wheels 7 are carried by bell-crank arms 8 pivoting at 9 whereby the passage of the carriage over the bump 10 is aided.
Patent GB-609947-A (GB)
Title: Printing of fabrics comprising aromatic polyesters
IPC: D06P1/28
Filed: 1946-03-26
Abstract: Fabrics comprising polymeric esters obtainable by heating glycols of the series HO(CH2)n OH, where n is greater than 1, but not exceeding 10, with terephthalic acid or with an esterforming derivative thereof, e.g. an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aryl ester or half ester, an acid halide or an ammonium or amine salt, are printed with leuco sulphuric esters of vat dyestuffs.  A swelling agent for the polymeric ester may be employed either in the printing paste or dissolved or dispersed, if necessary with the aid of a long chain fatty alcohol sulphate in water or an aqueous fluid which is used as a pretreating liquid, preferably at an elevated temperature, e.g. 90 to 100 DEG  C. Suitable swelling agents are phenols, e.g. phenol, m-cresol, m-methoxyphenol, b -naphthol and catechol; amines, e.g. a -naphthylamine, guanidine, aniline, melamine and water-soluble melamine salts; carboxylic acids, e.g. b -naphthoic acid, salicyclic acid and methacrylic acid; amides, e.g. dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and p-toluenesulphonamide; alcohols, e.g. benzyl alcohol; ketones, e.g. acetophenone and cyclohexanone; nitriles, e.g. glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene cyanhydrin and lactonitrile; also nitrobenzene tetrachloroethane, tricresyl phosphate and tetramethylsulphone.  In examples: (1), (2) polyethylene terephthalate fabric is printed with a paste prepared by adding a boiled solution of Soledon Jade Green XS or Soledon Blue 2RCS Powder, diethylene glycol and water to a mixture of starch tragacanth made slightly alkaline with sodium carbonate and sodium nitrite solution, and is dried, steamed and developed with sulphuric acid solution; (3), (4) polyethylene terephthalate fabric is printed with a paste obtained by adding a solution of ammonium sulphocyanide, sodium chlorate and ammonium vanadate to a mixture obtained by adding Soledon Golden Yellow GKS or Soledon Green GS Powder, diethylene glycol and urea to gum tragacanth solution, and is dried, steamed, washed and then given a mild soaping treatment; (5) polyethylene terephthalate fabric is printed with a paste obtained by adding an aqueous solution of Soledon Brown GS Powder, diethylene glycol and the sodium salt of dibenzyl sulphanilic acid to gum tracaganth solution and then adding sodium chromate solution, and is dried, steamed in the presence of formic and acetic acids, dried and soaped; (6) polyethylene terephthalate fabric is printed with a paste prepared by adding an aqueous solution of Soledon Jade Green XS and diethylene glycol to a mixture of starch tragacanth and aqueous sodium nitrite and then adding m-cresol or guanidine, and the fabric is dried, steamed, rinsed and soaped.
Patent GB-417325-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of yarn from staple fibres
IPC: D01G1/08
Filed: 1933-03-28
Abstract: 417,325. Producing staple fibre yarn from continuous filaments. DREYFUS, H., 22, Hanover Square, London. March 28, 1933, No. 9309. [Class 120 (iii).] Staple fibre yarns are obtained from continuous filaments by feeding them without tension to the first of a plurality of pairs of breaking rollers which convert the filaments into staple fibres. The means for feeding the filaments may be a single roller or a pair of nip rollers rotating at the same peripheral speed as the first pair of breaking rollers. The staple fibre yarn may be wound and twisted continuously with its formation. The filaments to be treated may be of natural or artificial silk. They may be of regenerated cellulose or cellulose acetate or other organic derivative of cellulose. As shown in the Figure, continuous filaments 3 are unwound from a bobbin 4 and passed between nip rollers 6, 7 which feed them without tension to the first pair of breaking rollers 8, 9. They pass between the second pair of breaking rollers 10, 11 rotating at a higher speed so that the filaments are stretched beyond the breaking point. The staple fibre yarn is then passed on to a ring spinning device 16, 17. If desired the feed device may be a single roller round which the filaments are wrapped, and the winding means may be a cap spinning device. The bottom rollers 8, 10 are made of unyielding material covered with protuberances and the upper rollers are surfaced with rubber, leather, or like yielding material. A slotted tube 18 supports and confines the filaments laterally over that portion which is being subjected to the breaking tension. It is reciprocated so as to equalize the wear on the breaking rollers. Specifications 416,864 and 417,326 are referred to.