baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20220154957-A (KR)
Title: Wireless power transfer apparatus and design method thereof
Inventor: DONG HEE KIM
IPC: H02M7/219
Filed: 2021-05-14
Abstract: A wireless power transceiver having maximum efficiency is disclosed. The wireless power transceiver comprises: a PFC converter performing power factor improvement; an IPT converter transmitting power from a transmission side to a reception side by electromagnetic induction method; and a BM converter controlling an output according to the remaining capacity of a battery. The IPT converter comprises: a transmitter part; and a receiver part. The IPT converter comprises a compensation circuit designed based on an optimal output voltage derived based on a loss analysis of the transmitter part and receiver part. The BM converter is designed based on a variation range of an optimum output voltage according to a variation range of the coupling coefficient of the IPT converter and a battery charging voltage range.
Patent KR-20220157731-A (KR)
Title: Method for state estimation of construction machinary
Inventor: PARK MIN CHEOL
IPC: G05D1/02
Filed: 2021-05-21
Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for more precisely estimating the state of construction machinery using sensor fusion and a Kalman filter. The method for estimating the state of construction machinery comprises the operations of: determining whether noise exists in an inertial sensor measurement value; determining whether noise exists in a double global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement value; if noise exists in both the inertial sensor measurement value and the double GNSS measurement value, determining whether the double GNSS measurement value changes by equal to or greater than a preset first range compared with a previous measurement value; and if the double GNSS measurement value changes by smaller than the first preset range compared with the previous measurement value, estimating the state of the construction machinery based on a Kalman filter.
Patent KR-20210064155-A (KR)
Title: Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including same
Inventor: CHO YONGMOK
IPC: H01M4/62
Filed: 2021-05-25
Abstract: A positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery and the rechargeable lithium battery including the same are disclosed. The positive active material for the rechargeable lithium battery includes: a core having a layered structure; and a surface layer on at least one portion of the surface of the core and including an oxide, wherein the oxide includes at least one first element and at leastone second element each selected from Ti, Zr, F, Mg, Al, P, and a combination thereof, the first element and the second element being different from one another, the first element included in the positive active material in an amount of about 0.01 mol % to about 0.2 mol % based on a total weight of the positive active material, and the second element included in the positive active material in anamount of about 0.02 mol % to about 0.5 mol % based on a total weight of the positive active material.
Patent KR-20220160996-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SUNG SOO
IPC: G06K9/00
Filed: 2021-05-28
Abstract: Disclosed are a system and a method for face authentication-based non-face-to-face identity authentication and person-of-interest identification for anti-money laundering, wherein customer information is linked to each transaction history so that customer identity authentication for anti-money laundering can be efficiently performed. The system for face authentication-based non-face-to-face identity authentication and person-of-interest identification for anti-money laundering according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a customer information registration unit configured to register customer information on a customer, which is input from a customer terminal; and a blacklist determination unit configured to determine, based on the customer information, whether the customer corresponds to a blacklist related to persons subject to restrictions on financial transactions. The blacklist determination unit is configured to: compare the customer information with the blacklist to determine whether a blacklisted suspect related to the customer exists in the blacklist; crawl a search engine to search for at least one facial image related to the blacklisted suspect if a blacklisted suspect exists; and match the facial image with the customer image data of the customer information to verify whether the customer corresponds to the blacklisted suspect.
Patent KR-20220161667-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for dropping droplet and method for dropping droplet
Inventor: KIM CHUL WOO
IPC: B41J29/377
Filed: 2021-05-31
Abstract: A liquid discharging device comprises: a process chamber which provides a space in which a discharging process to discharge a liquid onto a substrate is carried out; a fan filter unit which has a fan capable of forming an air flow inside the process chamber; an inkjet head which is located inside the process chamber and configured to discharge the liquid onto the substrate; an electronic scale which is located inside the process chamber to measure a discharge volume of the liquid discharged from the inkjet head, and has an accommodation part for accommodating the liquid discharged from the inkjet head; and a control unit which controls the fan to rotate at a first RPM when the liquid is discharged onto the substrate, and controls the fan to rotate at a second RPM slower than the first RPM or controls the fan to stop the operation when the liquid is discharged into the accommodation part to measure the discharge amount of the liquid. Therefore, the liquid discharging device can measure the discharge amount of the liquid more accurately, and can improve the reliability of the process.
Patent KR-20210070955-A (KR)
Title: Deuterated derivatives of ruxolitinib
Inventor: SILVERMAN I ROBERT
IPC: A61K31/519
Filed: 2021-05-31
Abstract: In an embodiment, the present invention provides a compound of chemical formula (A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound, and a method for treating diseases disclosed in the present application.
Patent KR-20220167454-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for super-resolution image processing using look-up table and method of the same
Inventor: SEON JOO KIM
IPC: G06N3/08
Filed: 2021-06-14
Abstract: Disclosed are a super-resolution image processing apparatus using a lookup table and a method thereof, for efficiently and practically performing a super-resolution processing even without a high-performance parallel computing module. A super-resolution image processing method using a lookup table according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: learning a super-resolution neural network that converts a low-resolution training image into a high-resolution image; generating a super-resolution lookup table representing a correspondence between a combination of first pixel values of input pixels included in a kernel of the low-resolution training image and a combination of second pixel values of the high-resolution image output according to the first pixel values; and extracting a combination of a plurality of first pixel values and a combination of a plurality of second pixel values from the super-resolution lookup table based on input pixel values of pixels of an input image, and generating a super-resolution image by interpolating a combination of the plurality of second pixel values based on the input pixel values and the plurality of first pixel values.
Patent KR-20220168088-A (KR)
Title: Methods of Cryopreservation on Roughscale sole(Clidoderma asperrimum)
Inventor: LIM HAN KYU
IPC: A01N1/02
Filed: 2021-06-15
Abstract: In the present invention, conditions for the cryopreservation of Clidoderma asperrimum semen have been established. The usage of DMSO with 10 vol% in Stein's solution has shown the best motility after thawing, survival rate of frozen sperm, fertility rate, and less DNA damage. A specific protocol of the present invention shows the best results when thawing at 10 ℃ for 15 seconds at a dilution ratio of 1 : 1. The present invention provides a cryopreservation liquid for Clidoderma asperrimum sperm, which contains 10 to 15 parts by volume of a dimethyl sulfoxide active agent with respect to 100 parts by volume of 300 mM sucrose.
Patent KR-20230001614-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON TAEK SU
IPC: G09G3/3266
Filed: 2021-06-28
Abstract: Disclosed are a source amplifier and a display device including the same. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a source amplifier includes: a first circuit which outputs a first current to an output terminal of the source amplifier by amplifying an input voltage; and a second circuit which is connected with the first circuit and outputs a second current to the output terminal based on the input voltage. The second circuit includes a third circuit which adjusts a level of the second current in response to an enable signal. Therefore, the slew of the source amplifier can be optimized according to the length of the source lines connected to each of the pixels.
Patent KR-20230005607-A (KR)
Title: Ball for ball valve and valve for vehicle heat pump system using the same
Inventor: KIM DEOK HAN
IPC: F16K5/10
Filed: 2021-07-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a ball for a ball valve and, more specifically, to a ball for a ball valve and a ball valve for a vehicle heat pump system using the same, wherein, as for a ball valve which is used only as an expansion valve, an unnecessary transport hole for a bypass fluid is not required to be processed to reduce fabrication costs of a ball for an expansion valve. An expansion recess is lengthily formed on the location where the transport hole has been placed such that the expansion recess may be finely adjusted to the maximum extent, thereby enabling the most precise control. When both the left and right exits are used as an expansion exit, the length of the expansion recess may be lengthily formed to the location where the transport hole has been placed. Therefore, after the assembly with a valve spindle, expansion is enabled with a slight rotation of the valve spindle, thereby providing a very high reaction speed. To this end, the ball for a ball valve according to the present invention has a spindle coupling groove which is provided at a predetermined width and depth from the spherical surface to the spherical center to be installed at a valve block at which an inlet and first and second outlets are formed, while being coupled to the valve spindle rotated by a rotating drive so as to be synchronously rotated. The present invention further comprises an expansion recess (expansion groove) which is provided at a predetermined width, depth and length in a transverse direction along the spherical surface with the greatest radius among the spherical surfaces of the valve ball without a communicating hole, and is spaced apart from the spindle coupling groove at 90 degrees while bypassing the same.
Patent KR-20230009167-A (KR)
Title: Method for obtaining stem cell from period blood
Inventor: PARK JEONG WON
IPC: C12N5/078
Filed: 2021-07-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining stem cells from menstrual blood. More specifically, the present invention comprises the steps of: collecting menstrual blood; collecting peripheral blood and centrifuging the same to obtain a plasma layer and a buffy coat layer; mixing the obtained plasma layer and buffy coat layer with the collected menstrual blood; and processing the mixed blood with Ficoll and centrifuging the same to separate mononuclear cells. According to the present invention, there are advantages in that stem cells can be easily obtained with only a small amount of menstrual blood and peripheral blood, it is easy to collect menstrual blood and the possibility of contamination thereof is low, and the quality of stem cells is increased since there is no damage to cells and a proliferation rate thereof is high. In addition, there is an advantage in that cells can be easily stored for a long time and transported without damage to the cells since collected menstrual blood is immediately stored in a preservative solution.
Patent KR-20230011684-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN GYO JIC
IPC: C08G73/10
Filed: 2021-07-14
Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a photosensitive polyimide polymer compound, a method for manufacturing a photosensitive polyimide polymer compound, and a method for forming a micropattern using the photosensitive polyimide polymer compound. The present invention provides a positive photosensitive polyimide polymer compound containing a photosensitive substituent (Nb derivative, o-nitrobenzyl group) that is spontaneously decomposed upon exposure. An effect of improving photoresponsive performance can be provided by additionally introducing a photoacid emitter. In addition, by introducing flexible ethylene glycol (ODA-5) into polyimide, it is possible to provide an effect of enhancing solubility in an aqueous alkaline solution.
Patent KR-20220108695-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK EUN JUNG
IPC: G06Q50/02
Filed: 2021-07-19
Abstract: An automated system for uniformly maintaining fruit freshness by re-evaluating freshness in a fruit warehouse is disclosed. The automated system comprises: a transport module that transports a fruit crate to a transport location including one of a plurality of warehouses and a disposal location; a circulating conveyor that has a route connecting the warehouses to each other and sequentially moving from a warehouse storing a fruit crate with a longest primary self-expiration date to a warehouse storing a fruit crate with a shortest primary self-expiration date; and a server that calculates the primary self-expiration date of the fruit crate, determines the transport location according to the primary self-expiration date, and determines a target warehouse to which the fruit crate transported and stored in each of the warehouses is redirected through the circulating conveyor, wherein the primary self-expiration date is calculated according to an outside temperature and ethylene concentration, and each of the warehouses includes an one-way conveyor moving by a certain distance in one direction inside each of the warehouses and installed to face the circulating conveyor, and a plurality of loading robots transferring at least a part of the fruit crates located on the one-way conveyor to the circulating conveyor.
Patent KR-20230013495-A (KR)
Inventor: JOO MA RO
IPC: F16K31/04
Filed: 2021-07-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary metering valve that can precisely control the supply amount without being affected by fluid properties and pressure by improving the structure so that a piston is moved in both directions while a rotor is rotating and measures and discharges fluid in a fixed amount at the same time. At this time, the rotary metering valve comprises a rotor (10), a rotor piston (20), a first side cover (30), a second side cover (40) as the main components, so as to improve the structure such that while the rotor rotates, the piston moves in both directions to meter and discharge the fluid in a fixed amount, thereby precisely controlling the amount of supply without being affected by fluid properties and pressure.
Patent KR-20230020050-A (KR)
Title: Automobile integrated management system using driver-vehicle interaction UI/UX
Inventor: PARK HYE MIN
IPC: B60W40/02
Filed: 2021-08-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle integrated management system, which collects driver and vehicle condition data in real time through a vehicle management terminal attached to a vehicle, and provides a series of processes such as vehicle management and control in UI/UX state through an intelligent learning algorithm for mutual analysis, judgment, and execution of a manager terminal provided to a manager of the vehicle and a user terminal provided to a user of the vehicle. Therefore, a time required for collecting and analyzing the driver and vehicle condition data is minimized.
Patent KR-20230024528-A (KR)
Title: Administative processing system and method for transmitting civil complaint processing progress to civil complaint terminal in real time
Inventor: LIM GWAN SIK
IPC: G06Q50/26
Filed: 2021-08-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to an administrative processing system for transmitting civil complaint processing progress to a civil complainant terminal in real time and a method thereof, comprising: a step in which a civil complaint history information provision unit provides civil complaint history information when a person in charge logs in to an administrative processing system, which transmits a civil complaint processing progress to a civil complainant terminal in real time, through a terminal of the person in charge; a step in which a civil complaint details information provision unit provides civil complaint details information relevant to a complaint name when the person in charge selects at least one complaint name among the provided civil complaint details information; and a step in which a message transmission unit sends a message to a terminal of a civil complainant, who filed a complaint, according to a message type selected when the complaint is filed, after the person in charge completes entering a response to complaint progress history information, inter-departmental consultation result information, or consultation application details for the provided civil complaint details information and selects a message transmission tab. Accordingly, transparency and reliability in civil complaint administration are ensured.
Patent KR-20210104613-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN JI HYE
IPC: G06F3/041
Filed: 2021-08-12
Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a touch panel includes: a plurality of first electrode patterns arranged in a first direction, and including a plurality of first electrode cells that are physically separated, respectively; a plurality of second electrode patterns arranged in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and including a plurality of second electrode cells that are physically separated, respectively; a plurality of first touch signal lines connected to the first electrode cells, respectively; and a plurality of second touch signal lines connected to the second electrode cells, respectively, wherein the first and second electrode patterns and the first and second touch signal lines are all located on a same layer on a substrate, and a first virtual connection line for connecting centers of the second electrode cells of a first group corresponding to an n^th first electrode cell intersects a second virtual connection line for connecting centers of the second electrode cells of a second group corresponding to an (n+1)^th first electrode cell. Accordingly, touch sensitivity is improved.
Patent KR-20230025263-A (KR)
Title: Organic waste-based nanoporous carbon composite, method for manufacturing the same and method for separating isotope mixture using the same
Inventor: OH HYUN CHUL
IPC: B01D59/26
Filed: 2021-08-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic waste-based nanoporous carbon composite, a manufacturing method thereof, and an isotope separation method using the same, wherein the organic waste-based nanoporous carbon composite according to an embodiment of the present invention contains at least three or more pores and openings respectively connecting the pores, wherein the openings have different sizes from each other. The purpose of the present invention is to provide the organic waste-based nanoporous carbon composite, capable of separating isotopes manufactured based on the organic waste, a manufacturing method thereof, and an isotope separation method using the same.
Patent KR-20230026753-A (KR)
Title: 마이코스포린-유사 아미노산을 유효성분으로 포함하는 비만 예방 또는 치료용 조성물
Inventor: KIM SUNG HAK
IPC: A61P3/04
Filed: 2021-08-18
Abstract: 본 발명은 본 발명은 [화학식 1]로 표시되는 마이코스포린-유사 아미노산을 유효성분으로 포함하는 비만 예방 및 치료용 조성물, 비만 개선용 건강기능식품에 관한 것으로, 상기 마이코스포린-유사 아미노산은 지방세포의 분화를 유도하는 유전자인 PPAR-γ2, 아디포넥틴(adiponectin), 렙틴(leptin) 또는 C/EBPα의 발현을 억제시켜, 나아가 지방세포의 분화를 억제하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 따라서 본 발명의 마이코스포린-유사 아미노산은 비만 예방 및 치료용 약학적 조성물 및 건강기능식품으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20230029018-A (KR)
Title: 신선 식품의 품질 예측에 기반한 무인 판매대의 품질 관리 방법 및 가격 결정 시스템
Inventor: KIM JONG HOON
IPC: G06Q10/04
Filed: 2021-08-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 유통 과정에서 변화하는 신선 식품의 품질을 예측하여 품질을 관리하는 기술에 관한 것으로, 다양한 정온 조건 하에서 신선 식품의 상태를 나타내는 품질 지표의 이력을 이용하여 온도에 따른 품질 지표의 시간 변화율을 예측하는 품질 변화 모델을 설정하고, 신선 식품의 출하 시점으로부터 유통 과정에 따라 측정된 온도를 측정 시간과 함께 입력받아 신선 식품의 온도 이력 정보를 생성하여 저장하고, 온도 이력 정보에 기초하여 신선 식품의 동적 평균 온도를 결정하며, 동적 평균 온도 및 온도 이력 정보로부터 신선 식품의 잔류 유통 기한을 산출한다.
Patent KR-20230029271-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JOO HYUNG
IPC: G06T5/00
Filed: 2021-08-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 인공지능을 위한 열화상 비정상데이터 생성 방법 및 장치에 관한 것으로, 정상 작동 상태의 피사체 열화상 데이터를 기반으로 다양한 유형의 비정상 온도 분포를 갖는 열화상 데이터를 생성할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20230031088-A (KR)
Inventor: RYU JEONG TAK
IPC: A61B5/11
Filed: 2021-08-26
Abstract: 시트(sheet) 형태의 본체부; 상기 본체부에 결합되며, 사용자의 상반신과 양 어깨를 통해 상기 본체부가 사용자의 등 부분에 밀착되도록 탄성 재질로 형성되는 밴드부; 및 상기 밴드부에 결합되어, 사용자의 양 어깨 움직임에 따른 상기 밴드부의 인장력을 측정하는 제1센서부;를 포함하고, 상기 본체부는, 사용자의 상반신에 대한 기울어짐 각도를 측정하는 제2센서부; 상기 제1센서부 및 상기 제2센서부와 전기적으로 연결되어 측정값에 따른 제어신호를 생성하는 제어부; 및 미리 설정되는 적어도 하나 이상의 외부디바이스와 무선 통신하며, 상기 측정값과 상기 제어신호를 전송하는 통신모듈;을 포함하는 자세 불균형 예방 및 교정 시스템을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20230032406-A (KR)
Title: 가상현실(vr) 기반의 치과 치료 시스템
Inventor: SON YEONG MIN
IPC: A61G15/02
Filed: 2021-08-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 가상현실(VR) 기반의 치과 치료 시스템에 관한 것으로, 보다 구체적으로 어플리케이션을 기반으로 다수 개의 명령 탭에 따른 각각의 VR 영상을 제공하는 어플리케이션 서버, 상기 어플리케이션이 설치되어 의료진으로부터 다수 개의 명령 탭 중 적어도 하나의 명령 탭을 입력받는 의료진 단말기 및 상기 의료진 단말기와 무선통신 가능하도록 연결되고, 상기 의료진 단말기로부터 입력된 명령 탭에 따른 상기 VR 영상을 출력하는 헤드 마운트 디스플레이를 포함하는 가상현실(VR) 기반의 치과 치료 시스템에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20230038050-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG KEE HOON
IPC: H01M10/42
Filed: 2021-09-10
Abstract: 본 문서에 개시된 일 실시예에 따른 배터리 관리 장치는, 복수의 배터리 셀 중 제1 그룹에 포함된 배터리 셀과 전기적으로 연결되는 제1 컨버터, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 중 제2 그룹에 포함된 배터리 셀과 전기적으로 연결되는 제2 컨버터, 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 상태 정보를 획득하는 정보 획득부 및 상기 복수의 배터리 셀 각각의 상태 정보를 기초로 제1 배터리 셀을 판단하고, 상기 제1 배터리 셀을 충전하도록 제어하는 제어신호를 생성하는 컨트롤러를 포함할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20230043398-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK AH HYUN
IPC: H01L33/62
Filed: 2021-09-24
Abstract: 마이크로 엘이디 표시모듈 및 이의 제조방법에서, 상기 표시모듈은 베이스 기판, 전도부, 소자부, 전극부 및 접착층을 포함한다.  상기 전도부는 상기 베이스 기판을 관통하여 연장된다.  상기 소자부는 상기 베이스 기판의 일 면에서, 상기 전도부와 전기적으로 연결되도록 실장된다.  상기 전극부는 상기 베이스 기판의 타 면에, 상기 전도부와 전기적으로 연결되도록 형성된다.  상기 접착층은 상기 전극부 상에 형성되어, 상기 전극부를 상기 베이스 기판의 타면 및 상기 전도부에 밀착시킨다.
Patent KR-20230000391-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YE JEE
IPC: F01D5/18
Filed: 2021-09-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a turbine blade and a turbine including the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to the turbine blade wherein a cooling hole is formed and the turbine including the same. According to the present invention, the cooling hole including an enlarged unit and a recessed unit is formed. Thus, cooling efficiency is improved.
Patent KR-20230045762-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON SANG OH
IPC: A23L33/105
Filed: 2021-09-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 호흡기 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료용 조성물에 관한 것으로, 구체적으로는 해조류 추출물을 이용하여 호흡기 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료 효과가 우수한 호흡기 질환의 예방, 개선 또는 치료용 조성물 및 이의 제조방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20230049393-A (KR)
Title: 저 캐패시턴스 케이블 피복 커팅 장치
Inventor: IM YOUNG EUN
IPC: H02G1/12
Filed: 2021-10-06
Abstract: 저 캐패시턴스 케이블 피복 커팅 장치를 제공한다. 
본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르면, 케이블로 광 또는 레이저가 조사되어 케이블의 피복 일부가 커팅될 수 있도록 케이블을 안착시키는 지그에 있어서, 상기 케이블이 안착될 수 있는 공간을 제공하는 안착부와 상기 안착부와 일 끝단으로 연결되어 상기 안착부를 지지하는 연결부와 상기 연결부의 타 끝단과 연결되어 상기 연결부를 고정시키는 고정부 및 각 안착부 상에 구현되어, 상기 안착부 상에 안착된 케이블을 흡착하여 고정시키는 흡착부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 지그를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20230050009-A (KR)
Title: 보드의 장착 및 탈착을 위한 장치
Inventor: CHA MIN KYUNG
IPC: H05K7/14
Filed: 2021-10-07
Abstract: 본 발명의 다양한 실시예에 따르면, 보드의 장착 및 탈착을 위한 장치를 적용함으로써 공간이 협소한 박스형 장비에 사용가능하고, 정밀한 장착과 탈착이 가능하여 커넥터 핀의 부러짐을 방지 할 수 있으며, 보드의 탈착과 장착을 용이하게 하기 위하여 동일한 장치를 복수개 결합하여 사용할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20230052619-A (KR)
Title: 스펙트럼 센싱 장치 및 그 동작방법
Inventor: KIM YU SUNG
IPC: G01R23/16
Filed: 2021-10-13
Abstract: 본 발명은, 관심 주파수 대역의 무선 신호를 수신하는 수신기, 상기 무선 신호를 샘플링하여 디지털 신호를 출력하는 ADC(Analog Digital Caonverter), 상기 디지털 신호의 자기 상관을 수행하여 상관 함수를 출력하는 상관기 및 상기 상관 함수에 대응하는 이미지 패턴을 생성하고, 상기 이미지 패턴에 따라 상기 관심 주파수 대역의 점유 여부를 확인하는 제어부를 포함하는 스펙트럼 센싱 장치를 제공한다.