Patent EA-004624-B1 (EA)
Title: Air conditioning system for buildings and air-conditioned building, especially a zero energy house
Inventor: KRECKE EDMOND D
IPC: F24F5/00
Filed: 1999-03-09
Abstract: 1. Method of air-conditioning buildings with low heat loss, having the following steps: a) outgoing-air is extracted and/or fresh air is routed; b) extracted outgoing air is routed via a heat accumulator (20); c) fresh-air and outgoing air are routed, in accordance with the counterflow principle, which are routed at least partially one inside the other, the heat energy present in the outgoing air being largely recovered. 2. Building with air-conditioning according to Claim 1, having the following features: i) a heat accumulator (20) is positioned beneath or on the building (1) and has heat removed from it if the building requires heat and can have heat fed to it if there is an excess of heat; ii) the building (1) has insulated exterior walls (2); iii) the building (1) is designed with low leakage losses at windows and doors, in order for it to be possible to maintain a predetermined negative air pressure inside the building; iv) a fresh-air/outgoing-air system (30) forms a counterflow heat-exchanging device which comprises pipelines (36/37, 38/39, 40/41) which are routed one inside the other and, on the one hand, route the fresh-air, via room fresh-air inlets (42), to the rooms which are to be air-conditioned and, on the other hand, route the outgoing air, via outgoing-air suction openings (43), into the outgoing-air system and, from there, to the outside. 3. Building according to Claim 2, characterized in that some of the pipelines (38, 39) of the fresh-air/outgoing-air system (30) are routed via the heat accumulator (20). 4. Building according to Claim 3, characterized in that the fresh-air/outgoing-air system (30) comprises a directional control valve (33) which makes it possible for the fresh-air and outgoing-air pipelines (36 - 41) to be switched such that, in summer, the warm fresh-air is routed first of all to the heat accumulator (20), then to buried pipelines (36) and, finally, to the inside of the building, whereas, in winter, the cold fresh-air is fed first of all to the buried pipelines (36), then to the geothermal accumulator (20) and, finally, to the inside of the building, the outgoing air taking the opposite routes. 5. Building according to Claim 4, characterized in that the directional control valve (33) comprises a rotary slide (57) in two levels (34, 35) per suction-extraction region, the fresh-air and the outgoing-air pipelines (36 - 41), outside the directional control valve (33), being routed one inside the other via pipe-wall lead-throughs (45 - 48), one level (34) distributes the fresh air and the other level distributes the outgoing air. 6. Building according to one of Claims 1-5, characterized in that rooms which can be ventilated are provided with shut-off fresh-air inlets (42) and/or outgoing-air suction openings (43) in order for the respectively ventilated room to be disengaged from the pipelines of the fresh-air/outgoing-air system (30). 7. Building according to Claim 6, characterized in that the outgoing-air suction openings are provided with smoke alarms which trigger at least the shut-off devices of the fresh-air inlets (42). 8. Building according to Claim 6, characterized in that the outgoing-air suction openings (43) are provided with nonreturn valves. 9. Building according to Claim 8, characterized in that the nonreturn valves are assigned signaling switches which are connected to an alarm device which can be armed or disarmed. 10. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the room fresh-air inlets (42) and/or outgoing-air suction openings (43) are provided with air through-passage measuring devices, in order for it to be possible for the renewal of room air to be adapted to the size, the nature and the air loading of the respective room. 11. Building according to Claim 10, characterized in that certain air through-passage measuring devices can be regulated in order to be controlled by respectively associated thermostats or air-loading measuring sensors. 12. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the fresh-air feed system is provided with filter devices. 13. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the fresh-air feed system has a hot-air generating device. 14. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the fresh-air/outgoing-air system (30) comprises a controllable extractor fan (67) which can be operated via an actuating element such that it is possible to regulate the delivery air stream. 15. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 14, characterized in that heat-insulating facade panels (80) with an interspace (90) have been positioned on a strip foundation in front of an old building, in that supply lines, including pipelines (40, 41) routed one inside the other for the fresh-air/outgoing-air system are guided in the interspace (90), and in that the heat accumulator (20) is positioned beneath the strip foundation. 16. Building according to one of Claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the roof (6) comprises a solar-absorber system (10) which is designed for optionally supplying heat to the heat accumulator (20). 17. Building according to Claim 16, characterized in that the exterior walls (2) of the building (1) each have an outer and inner heat-insulating layer (3, 4) and a core zone (5) as structure support, and in that fluid lines (16) are included in said core zone (5) as heat exchangers in order to raise the temperature in said core zone (5) when heat is required and to lower the temperature in said core zone (5) when cooling is required. 18. Building according to Claim 17, characterized in that a solar absorber (10') accommodated on or beneath the roof, the building is provided with fluid channeling devices including connecting lines (13') between the solar absorber (10') and the heat accumulator (20'). 19. Building according to Claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the core zone (5') of the exterior walls of the building is preferably designed as a load-bearing concrete wall. 20. Building according to one of Claims 17-19, characterized in that the fluid lines (16') of the core zone (5') can be connected to the outer zones of the heat accumulator (20') in order for heat to be removed from the exterior walls (2') in the summer and to be fed to the accumulator (20'). 21. Building according to Claim 20, characterized in that the fluid lines (16') of the core zone (5') can be connected to the outer zones of the heat accumulator (20') in order for heat to be removed from the exterior walls (2') in the summer and to be fed to the accumulator (20'). 22. Building according to one of Claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the outer insulating layer (3') is selected to be somewhat thicker than the inner insulating layer (4'), in order for low-temperature heat to be introduced at the optimum location with respect to the characteristic temperature curve which drops from the inside to the outside. 23. Building according to one of Claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the core zone (5') is designed as a concrete reinforced layer and in that the dew-point zone is situated within this concrete layer.