Patent GB-647705-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of and apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions
IPC: B01J10/00
Filed: 1945-12-07
Abstract: Reactions between chlorine and an organic liquid are controlled by washing the gases emerging from the reactor with the reaction liquid in an auxiliary column, the temperature of the reaction and/or the supply of the reactants being regulated either manually or automatically <PICT:0647705/IV (b)/1> in accordance with the temperature conditions prevailing in the auxiliary column. Preferably the heat evolved in the reactor is in part dissipated by means of cooling tubes in which a liquid such as toluene boils, the vapours being condensed in a reflux condenser and returned via a collecting plate and openings into inner concentric tubes which connect with the base of each of the outer cooling tubes.  As shown, the chlorination of gas oil takes place in a cylindrical column 1, chlorine being admitted through a pipe 2 and gas oil through a duct 18.  The hydrochloric acid vapours pass through a duct 15 into a regulating column 16 where they are washed by gas oil entering at 17 and leaving at 18. Thermometers 19 show the level of the hot zone and in accordance with these measurements the supply of gas oil or chlorine is varied by hand or by means of thermostats.  Cooling tubes 5 remove a part of the heat of the reaction, vapour from the boiling liquid being condensed in a reflux condenser 7, collected on a plate 8 and passed by means of V-shaped overflows 9 into a central collecting tube 10 for return to the base of the tube 5.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also a modification in which the reactor contains solid catalyst mounted on a number of perforated grates, the apparatus being rocked about an axis from its operative position for replacing the catalyst. According to another modification the temperature-controlling tubes are inverted, the temperature control liquid from the condenser being returned to the inner tube by means of a pump the output of which is controlled by a thermostat in the gas outlet of the reactor.  A preheating coil may be inserted in the path of the returning liquid, and the tops of the tubes may be provided with radiating fins.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.ALSO:<PICT:0647705/III/1> Exothermic or endothermic reactions between a gas and a liquid are controlled by washing the gases emerging from the reactor with the reaction liquid in an auxiliary column, the temperature of the reaction and/or the supply of the reactants being regulated either p  manually or automatically in accordance with the temperature conditions prevailing in the auxiliary column.  Preferably, in the case of exothermic reactions the heat evolved in the reactor is in part dissipated by means of cooling tubes in which a liquid such as toluene boils, the vapours being condensed in a reflux condenser and returned via a collecting plate and openings into inner concentric tubes which connect with the base of each of the outer cooling tubes.  As shown, the chlorination of gas oil takes place in a cylindrical column 1, chlorine being admitted through a pipe 2 and gas oil through a duct 18.  The hydrochloric acid vapours pass through a duct 15 into a regulating column 16 where they are washed by gas oil entering at 17 and leaving at 18. Thermometers 19 show the level of the hot zone and in accordance with these measurements the supply of gas oil or chlorine is varied by hand or by means of thermostats.  Cooling tubes 5 remove a part of the heat of the reaction, vapour from the boiling liquid being condensed in a reflux condenser 7, collected on a plate 8 and passed by means of V-shaped overflows 9 into a central collecting tube 10 for return to the base of the tube 5.  The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises also a modification in which the reactor contains solid catalyst mounted on a number of perforated grates, the apparatus being rocked about an axis from its operative position for replacing the catalyst.  According to another modification the temperature-controlling tubes are inverted, the temperature control liquid from the condenser being returned to the inner tube by means of a pump the output of which is controlled by a thermostat in the gas outlet of the reactor.  A preheating coil may be inserted in the path of the returning liquid, and the tops of the tubes may be provided with radiating fins.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.