Patent GB-1003552-A (GB)
Title: Sulphonation process for the production of detergent compositions
Inventor: FORD WILLIAM
IPC: C11D1/12
Filed: 1961-03-13
Abstract: Detergent compositions are prepared by sulphonating a sulphonatable organic compound and neutralizing the sulphonation product, the sulphonation being carried out in the presence of an organic additive which is substantially inert to sulphonation under the sulphonation conditions employed, which has no deleterious effect on the detergent activity of the sulphonation product and which remains, after the reaction, to form part of the composition. (The term "sulphonation" used herein includes also sulphamation and sulphation as well as actual sulphonation.)  The organic additive preferably has surface-active properties itself, or is capable of reaction to form a surface-active derivative. Sulphonatable compounds specified are lauryl alcohol, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, alkyl-benzenes and polyalkoxy-alkyl-phenols. Preferred types of organic additives are fatty acyl alkylolamides and their alkoxylated derivatives, C8 to C18 fatty acids, wool wax alcohols and their alkoxylated derivatives, and alkoxylated or poly-alkoxylated alkylphenols. In the Examples: (1) dodecylbenzene is sulphonated with SO3 in the presence of tetraethoxy nonylphenol and the product neutralized with NaOH; (2) lauryl alcohol is sulphated with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of coconut fatty acid mono-isopropanolamide and the product neutralized with aqueous triethanolamine; (3) tetra-ethoxy nonylphenol is treated with amino-sulphonic acid in the presence of glycerol, the ammonium sulphate salt product being self-neutralized; (4) lauryl alcohol is sulphated with chlorosulphonic in the presence of lauric acid and both the sulphated alcohol and the lauric acid are neutralized with aqueous triethanolamine, this composition being suitable for use as a gel shampoo; (5) and (6) lauryl alcohol is sulphated with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of, respectively, lauric diethanolamide and ethoxylated lauric diethanolamide and the product neutralized with aqueous triethanolamine; (7) ethoxylated lauryl alcohol is sulphated with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of polyethoxylated lauric monoethanolamide and the product neutralized with NaOH and (8) lauryl alcohol is sulphated with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of wool wax alcohol and the product neutralized with aqueous triethanolamine.ALSO:A sulphonation process for the production of a detergent composition comprises reacting a sulphonatable organic compound at elevated temperature with a sulphonating agent and neutralizing the sulphonation product, the sulphonation being carried out in the presence of an organic additive which is substantially inert to sulphonation under the sulphonation conditions employed, which has no deleterious effect on the detergent activity of the sulphonation product of said sulphonatable compound and which remains, after the reaction, to form part of the composition, the amount of sulphonating agent employed being from 1 to 1.1 mols. per mol. of said sulphonatable compound. (The term "sulphonation" used herein includes also sulphamation and sulphation as well as actual sulphonation.)  The organic additive preferably has surface-active properties itself, or is capable of reaction to form a surface-active derivative.  Suitable sulphonatable compounds specified are lauryl alcohol, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, alkylbenzenes and polyalkoxyalkyl phenols. Preferred types of organic additives are fatty acyl alkylolamides and their alkoxylated derivatives, C8 to C18 fatty acids, wool wax alcohols and alkoxylated wool wax alcohols, and alkoxylated or polyalkoxylated alkyl phenols. Examples describe the sulphonation of (1) dodecyl benzene with sulphur trioxide in the presence of tetraethoxy nonylphenol, neutralising with NaOH (2) lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of coconut fatty acid mono-isopropanolamide, neutralising with aqueous triethanolamine (3) tetraethoxy nonylphenol with amino-sulphonic acid in the presence of glycerol, the ammonium salt product being self-neutralised (4) lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of lauric acid, neutralising both the sulphonation product and the lauric acid with aqueous triethanolamine (5) lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of lauric diethanolamide, neutralising with aqueous triethanolamine (6) lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of ethoxylated lauric diethanolamide, neutralising with aqueous triethanolamine (7) ethoxylated lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of polyethoxylated lauric mono - ethanolamide, neutralising with NaOH and (8) lauryl alcohol with chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of wool wax alcohol, neutralising with aqueous triethanolamine.