Patent GB-1069495-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to torque transmitters
IPC: F16H47/12
Filed: 1963-12-04
Abstract: 1,069,495. Variable-ratio gears. INPOWER WORKS (PROPRIETARY) Ltd. Dec. 4, 1963 [Dec, 11, 1962], No. 47928/63. Heading F2D. A variable-ratio gear comprises an input planet carrier in the form of a liquid containing drum and having two sets of planets drivingly connected to output means, each planet being fast with a liquid-entrapping wheel. Under starting conditions one set of liquid entrapping wheels has its liquid entrapping means permanently filled with liquid so that this set is not contributing to the output torque. As shown a carrier 12 is fast with an input shaft 10 and has planets 16, 16a meshing through idlers 17, 17a sun gears 26, 42 which are drivingly connected to an output shaft 22. The sun 42 is fast with the output shaft 42 and the sun 26 is connected thereto by gearing incorporating a one-way clutch 38. Liquid-entrapping wheels 18, 18a are fast with the planets 16, 16a and enter the centrifugal ring 64 of fluid formed in the carrier during operation of the gear. Three alternative forms of liquid-entrapping wheels are shown in Fig. 1, wheels 18 having liquid entrapping means 20 in the form of curved vanes or buckets of substantially C-section, wheels 18a which have curved vanes 20 fast with a peripheral wall 50 and having side walls with openings 52 for the entry and egress of liquid, and wheels 18b which are similar to the wheel 18 but have a liquid retaining arcuate shroud 54 fast with the carrier. On starting and with the output shaft 22 stationary, clockwise rotation of the carrier causes the wheels 18 to revolve in the direction of arrow 62 and the vanes 20 to entrap liquid from the annulus and carry it towards the direction of the carrier axis. This liquid, due to centrifugal force, will be rejected outwardly from the central region of the carrier so providing the necessary torque reaction for driving the output shaft 22. Initially the planets 16a will rotate the wheels 18a or 18b so rapidly that an annulus will be formed within the retaining means 50 or 54 and no unbalance will arise. As the speed of the output shaft rises the speed of rotation of the wheels 18a or 18b drops and hence the liquid will tend to flow out of the vanes 20 in a direction away from the carrier axis so that the vanes open towards the carrier axis will be full and the vanes open away from the axis will be empty to give the torque reaction. The planets 16a will then drive the output shaft 22, the clutch 38 overrunning to prevent reverse rotation of the wheels 18. In a modification the planets and sun-wheels form sprockets interconnected by chains, in another modification the planets 16, 16a are connected through idlers to the same sun-wheel, the planets and idlers of the two sets having different sizes to change the ratio. In another modification one set of planets 16 meshes the output sun 26 through idlers, and the planets 16a mesh the output sun 42 directly, in this case the vanes 20 of the liquid retaining wheels associated with the planets 16a are reversed since the rotation of these wheels is reversed. In another modification the output sun-gears are replaced by ring gears.