baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2018503767-A (JP)
Title: ガス噴出断面を調整するための装置
IPC: F02K9/86
Filed: 2015-12-16
Abstract: ガス噴出断面を調整するための調整装置１３０であって、ノズル１２０のスロート１２１の上流においてそのノズル１２０内に配置されるためのものであり、この調整装置１３０は、ノズルスロート１２１を部分的に遮断するための部材を形成する下流端部１３３１を有するプラグ１３３と、プラグ１３３の上流端部１３３０が中に存在している内部ハウジング１３４１を有するプラグガイド１３４とを備える。プラグの上流端部１３３０は、このプラグの上記上流端部が内部ハウジング１３４１の上流部分１３４１ａ内に存在している第１の位置と、この上流端部が内部ハウジング１３４１の下流部分１３４１ｂ内に存在している第２の位置との間で、プラグガイド１３２の内部ハウジング１３４１内で滑動するのに適している。プラグ１３３の上流端部１３３０は、熱の作用を受けて破断するのに適している少なくとも１つの保持要素１３５によって、第１の位置に保持される。【選択図】図１
Patent JP-2018506530-A (JP)
Title: 脊柱軟膜下遺伝子送達システム
IPC: A61M31/00
Filed: 2015-12-15
Abstract: 送達デバイス、システム、およびその関連方法は、ヒトにおける細胞、薬剤またはベクターの脊柱送達のために用いられ得る。そのため、システムにより軟膜下送達が可能になり、その結果、白質および灰白質双方におけるほとんど完全な脊柱実質ＡＡＶ９−媒介遺伝子発現またはＡＳＯ分配が得られる。
Patent JP-2018504441-A (JP)
Title: 癌の治療に有用なｅｇｆｒ阻害剤としての新規フッ素化誘導体
IPC: A61K45/00
Filed: 2016-02-03
Abstract: 式Ｉの新規クラスのフッ素化誘導体を調製したところ、癌及び他のＥＧＦＲ関連疾患の治療に有用であることが明らかになった。
Patent JP-2018513468-A (JP)
Title: ソーシャルメッセージングの認可およびカスタマイズのための技術
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2015-07-22
Abstract: ソーシャルメッセージングの認可およびカスタマイズのための技術を説明する。一実施形態において、装置は、クライアントデバイスからの注文依頼パッケージをネットワークインタフェースから受信するように作動するコマース仲介サーバであって、注文依頼はユーザアカウントとコマースアカウントとを指定し、ユーザアカウントはソーシャルグラフデータ構造内のユーザエンティティに関連付けられ、コマースアカウントはソーシャルグラフデータ構造内のコマースエンティティに関連付けられており、さらに、コマースエンティティに関連付けられているコマースフロントエンドサーバに注文依頼パッケージを送信するように作動するコマース仲介サーバと、コマース仲介サーバがクライアントデバイスから注文依頼パッケージを受信したことに応答して、ソーシャルグラフデータ構造内においてユーザエンティティとコマースエンティティとの間にコマースエッジを作成するように作動するソーシャルグラフデータ構造コンポーネントとを備えてもよく、コマースエッジは注文依頼パッケージに関連付けられている。他の実施形態が記載され、請求される。
Patent JP-2018512234-A (JP)
Title: 骨移植片ケージ
IPC: A61F2/28
Filed: 2016-02-24
Abstract: 骨移植片材料を収容するための装置は、近位端から遠位端まで長手方向に延在し、標的骨の外表面の輪郭に一致するようにサイズ決定されかつ形作られたメッシュ外スリーブを含む。外スリーブは、外スリーブの長さに沿って延在する長手方向スロットを含む。装置は、間に骨移植片捕集空間が画定されるように、少なくとも１つのストラットを介して外スリーブの内面に接続されたメッシュ内スリーブも含む。内スリーブは、標的骨の髄管の輪郭に一致するようにサイズ決定されかつ形作られている。加えて、この装置は、移植片材料を骨移植片捕集空間内に保持するための、内スリーブの外面から離れる方向に外スリーブの内面に向かって径方向に延在する間隙メッシュを含む。
Patent JP-2018515019-A (JP)
Title: 複数の送信時間間隔を使用する協調ワイヤレス通信
IPC: H04W28/16
Filed: 2016-03-21
Abstract: 複数の送信時間間隔（ＴＴＩ）を使用する協調ワイヤレス通信が記載される。複数のＴＴＩは、第１のＴＴＩと第２のＴＴＩとを含み得、第２のＴＴＩは第１のＴＴＩよりも短い継続時間を有する。第１のＴＴＩと第２のＴＴＩとを使用する通信用に、１つまたは複数のパラメータが決定され得る。第２のＴＴＩについて決定されたパラメータのうちの第１のパラメータは、第１のＴＴＩの対応するパラメータに関連付けまたはリンクされ得、第１のＴＴＩまたは第２のＴＴＩを使用する通信は、第１のパラメータを使用して実行され得る。第１のＴＴＩを使用するワイヤレスネットワークノードは、ＣｏＭＰ協働セットを形成し得、第２のＴＴＩを使用するワイヤレスネットワークノードは、別のＣｏＭＰ協働セットを形成し得、第１のパラメータはＣｏＭＰ協働セットの各々に適用され得る。【選択図】図６
Patent JP-2018518886-A (JP)
Title: 位相ロックループのための再構成可能なｎ分周周波数生成
IPC: H03K23/66
Filed: 2016-04-26
Abstract: 一例では、位相ロックループ（ＰＬＬ）回路（１０８）は、誤差信号を生成するように動作可能な誤差検出器（２０２）と、誤差信号および周波数帯域選択信号に基づいて、出力周波数を有する出力信号を提供するように動作可能な発振器（２０４）とを含み、出力周波数は、基準周波数の周波数乗数倍であり、ＰＬＬ回路はさらに、分周器制御信号に基づいて出力信号の出力周波数を分周してフィードバック信号を生成するように動作可能な分周器（２０８）と、周波数乗数の整数値および小数値を示す入力に基づいて分周器制御信号を生成するように動作可能なシグマデルタ変調器（ＳＤＭ）（２０９）とを含み、ＳＤＭは、ＳＤＭの次数を選択するように動作可能な次数選択信号に応答し、ＰＬＬ回路はさらに、取得状態において、周波数帯域選択信号を生成して、ＳＤＭの次数を設定するように動作可能なステートマシン（２１４）を含む。
Patent JP-2018535895-A (JP)
Title: 飲料充填設備内に清浄空気を提供するための装置
IPC: F24F3/044
Filed: 2016-09-12
Abstract: 飲料充填設備内の清浄空気を提供するための装置（１）であって、給気供給路（２０）を介して吸い込まれた空気を前処理するための少なくとも１つのフィルタ（２１，２３，２４）を有する流入路（２）を備え、流入路（２）が、飲料充填設備の充填クリーンルーム内に供給するための、流入路（２）内で前処理される空気を処理するための少なくとも１のフィルタ（３３）を有する第１の流出路（３）と隣接し、流入路（２）が、プラスチック容器を吹き込み成形するための吹込クリーンルーム内に供給するための、流入路（２）内で前処理された空気を処理するための第２の流出路（４）と隣接し、第２の流出路（４）内に前処理空気を除湿するための除湿装置（４１，４２）が配置される装置（１）。
Patent JP-2018079929-A (JP)
Title: Drive support apparatus
Inventor: HAYAKAWA YASUHISA
IPC: B60W30/06
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance accuracy of drive support for parking a vehicle.SOLUTION: A travel control controller extracts, from a pickup image picked by a camera, a symbol including a numeral positioned on a road surface, the numeral presumably disposed in a parking-spot frame, the numeral of size presumably attached to the parking-spot frame. The travel control controller extracts, upon extracting a plurality of symbols, a symbol group consisting of a plurality of symbols that is arranged in parallel with an interval of the adjacent symbols having predetermined distance, and directions of the respective symbols are oriented in a direction across a direction of arrangement of the symbols and in the same direction for each other. The travel control controller estimates a position of a parking-spot frame from positions of the individual symbols of the symbol group and controlling decrease in acceleration in accordance with an acceleration operator on the basis of the estimated parking-spot frame in a case where a set of numerals of adjacent symbols in the extracted symbol group are determined to be consecutive numbers.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5
Patent JP-2018081931-A (JP)
Title: Shrink-fit ceramic center electrode
Inventor: Patrick durham
IPC: H01T13/20
Filed: 2018-01-18
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an igniter which solves such a problem that, in a gap formed between a central electrode and an insulator, air within the gap is ionized to create an electrical field that leads to significant energy losses.SOLUTION: An igniter 20 includes an outer insulator 24 which is formed of an outer ceramic material and hermetically sealed to a conductive core material 26. The conductive core material 26 is formed of a ceramic core material, and a conductive component applied to the ceramic core material or a conductive component, such as metal particles or wires embedded in the ceramic core material. The conductive core material 26 is typically sintered and disposed in the green outer insulator 24. The components are then sintered together such that the outer insulator 24 shrinks onto the conductive core material 26 to form a hermetic seal therebetween. The conductive core material 26 fills the outer insulator 24, so that the conductive core material 26 is disposed at an insulator nose end of the outer insulator 24 and the electrical discharge 22 can be emitted from the conductive core material 26.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019124633-A (JP)
Title: Flaw inspection apparatus and flaw inspection method for steel sheet
Inventor: OKADA NOBUYASU
IPC: G01N21/892
Filed: 2018-01-18
Abstract: To provide a flaw inspection apparatus and a flaw inspection method for a steel sheet, each enabling unexpected flaws generated due to a cause such as a trouble in a production facility to be detected with a high degree of accuracy.SOLUTION: A flaw determination device 4 extracts a feature quantity of a flaw from a flaw image, classifies the type of the flaw based on the feature quantity of the flaw, calculates a distribution of the feature amount of the flaw of the same type extracted in the past and the Mahalanobis distance of the feature quantity of the extracted flaw, classifies the extracted flaw as an unexpected flaw when the calculated Mahalanobis distance is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, and outputs the information relating to the flaws classified as unexpected flaws. A host computer 5 calculates the distribution of the characteristic quantity of the steel sheets produced in the past and the Mahalanobis distance of the characteristic quantity of the steel sheet to be inspected by using the information on the flaw classified as an unexpected flaw output from a flaw determination device 4 and the product information of the steel plate to be inspected using an occurrence state of each flaw type and the product information of the steel plate as the feature quantity, and determines that an unexpected flaw has occurred when the calculated Mahalanobis distance is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019124898-A (JP)
Title: Display and method for driving display panel
Inventor: MURAI ATSUTO
IPC: G09G3/20
Filed: 2018-01-19
Abstract: To provide a display capable of reducing the occurrence of display fault accompanying a narrower frame, and a method for driving a display panel.SOLUTION: In the display, the display panel comprises: a plurality of signal lines extended in the column direction; a plurality of scan lines extended in the row direction; and a plurality of leader lines provided one by one for every scan line, extended in the column direction and electrically connected with the corresponding scan line in a place or vicinity thereof intersecting a corresponding scan line. The drive circuit supplies selection pulses to the plurality of leader lines at a peak value corresponding to a distance from one end of the leader line to a connection point with the scan line increases the peak value as the distance is longer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Patent JP-2018098514-A (JP)
Title: Routing and programming for resistive switch array
Inventor: LEWIS DAVID
IPC: H01L27/04
Filed: 2018-01-22
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide routing circuitry in an integrated circuit ("IC").SOLUTION: Routing circuitry comprises: a vertical channel comprising a plurality of routing lines; a horizontal channel comprising a plurality of routing lines; and a first single level selection circuit switch array comprising a plurality of selectable inputs and a plurality of outputs. The first single level selection circuit switch array is coupled to receive input from the vertical channel and the horizontal channel, and to provide input of a plurality of logic elements of a first logic region and output to at least one routing wire of the vertical channel and the horizontal channel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019126838-A (JP)
Title: Cutting method and chip
Inventor: MORISHIMA YOSHIKATSU
IPC: B23K26/53
Filed: 2018-01-26
Abstract: To provide a cutting method capable of cutting a processing object containing gallium oxide at a high speed while inhibiting an affection of cleavage, and to provide chips.SOLUTION: A cutting method includes: a first step of forming a modified area 7 in a processing object 1 along a cutting scheduled line 5 by irradiating the processing object 1 with a laser beam L along the cutting scheduled line 5; and a second step of cutting the processing object 1 along the cutting scheduled line 5 by inserting a cutting tool 50 into the processing object 1 along the cutting scheduled line 5 after the first step. In the first step, a plurality of lines of modified areas 7 to the one cutting scheduled line 5 are formed so as to form a modified part 70 comprising the plurality of lines of modified areas 7.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9
Patent JP-2019134003-A (JP)
Title: Electromagnet device and electromagnetic relay
Inventor: SAKAGUCHI SEIYA
IPC: H01F7/14
Filed: 2018-01-29
Abstract: To provide an electromagnet device and an electromagnetic relay, capable of controlling a plurality of devices to be driven.SOLUTION: An electromagnet device 10 comprises an exciting coil 14, a first yoke 11a and a second yoke 11b, a first stator 12 and a second stator 12b, a first movable element 13a and a second movable element 13b, a first magnetic circuit, and a second magnetic circuit. The first yoke 11a and the second yoke 11b are provided inside the exciting coil 14, and the first stator 12 and the second stator 12b are provided outside the exciting coil 14. The first magnetic circuit 50 includes at least the first yoke 11a, the first stator 12a, and the first movable element 13a. The second magnetic circuit 51 includes at least the second yoke 11b. the second stator 12b, and the second movable element 13b. The first yoke 11a and the first stator 12a and the second yoke 11b and the second stator 12b are insulated from each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019130052-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: SONODA YOSHIAKI
IPC: A63F7/02
Filed: 2018-01-31
Abstract: To provide a game machine in which a control board can be easily confirmed.SOLUTION: A GND pattern 621 includes an information display unit 621a. The information display unit 621a displays an information display pattern 625 for displaying information by removing the conductor pattern using the GND pattern 621 as a solid base. The information display pattern 625 displays necessary information on a game control board 620 from its appearance. For example, the information display pattern 625 displays a board management number of the game control board 620. Such an information display pattern 625 does not need to unnecessarily reduce the area of the GND pattern 621 on the game control board 620, while displaying necessary information on the game control board 620.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 73
Patent JP-2019138966-A (JP)
Title: Film resist and method for manufacturing semiconductor device
Inventor: NAKAMURA HIROYUKI
IPC: G03F7/004
Filed: 2018-02-07
Abstract: To provide a film resist configured to allow checking of a mark disposed on a substrate regardless of the thickness of the film resist.SOLUTION: A film resist 10 is a member to be stuck to a main surface 5s of a substrate 5 having a mark M1 disposed on the main surface 5s. The film resist 10 is provided with a notch V1 for checking the mark M1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018152330-A (JP)
Title: Method of analyzing object and charged particle beam device foe executing this method
Inventor: SREENIVAS BHATTIPROLU
IPC: G01N23/2251
Filed: 2018-02-15
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for analyzing an object and a charged particle beam device for executing this method.SOLUTION: A charged particle beam device includes a first particle beam column 301 for generating a first charged particle beam, and a second particle beam column 302 for generating a second charged particle beam. The charged particle beam device is used for generating a high resolution 3D dataset by removing the material continuously from an object 304 by means of the second charged particle beam, exposing the surfaces 800, 801 of the object, and generating the image of the surface. When removing the material from the object, an opening 803 is formed in the object. The opening includes lateral faces 805, 806. Image of each surface of the object is obtained by means of the second charged particle beam. A lamella including the lateral face is generated by means of the first charged particle beam. Material features of these lamellae are specified. Furthermore, filtered data is generated for each pixel of the image of the lateral face of the opening.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6
Patent JP-2019145534-A (JP)
Title: Magnetic material, manufacturing method thereof, and electromagnetic wave absorbing sheet
Inventor: OGOSHI SHINICHI
IPC: C01G49/00
Filed: 2018-02-15
Abstract: To provide a magnetic material that has excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance in a wide frequency range even under low temperature and high temperature environments, and that guarantees the absorption performance.SOLUTION: There is provided a magnetic material including epsilon iron oxide and hexagonal ferrite, or a magnetic material obtained by mixing a magnetic material including epsilon iron oxide and hexagonal ferrite with a positive gradient of temperature change of coercivity and a magnetic material with a negative gradient of temperature change of coercivity.SELECTED DRAWING: None
Patent JP-2019145267-A (JP)
Title: State estimation method, estimation device, system of nonaqueous lithium type power storage component
Inventor: HIRAKAWA YUICHIRO
IPC: H01M10/48
Filed: 2018-02-19
Abstract: To provide a method for estimating the state of nonaqueous lithium type power storage component in operation, where active charcoal and a lithium transition metal oxide having olivine structure is blended to the positive electrode, and to provide a state estimation device, and a system including the power storage component and the state estimation device.SOLUTION: A database group previously collecting such a voltage that the dV/dQ, calculated from a discharge curve obtained by taking the capacity Q on the abscissa axis, and the voltage V on the ordinate when a nonaqueous lithium type power storage component is subjected to constant current discharge, becomes maximum with the temperature and current or the power and the negative electrode potential of the power storage component, at the discharge curve measurement time as parameters is created, while furthermore dV/dQis calculated by measuring the current, voltage and temperature of the nonaqueous lithium type power storage component in operation, and the negative electrode potential of the power storage component is estimated from the voltage when the dV/dQbecomes maximum, on the basis of the database group.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019142108-A (JP)
Title: Ink connection needle, ink filling jig and cartridge
Inventor: MIYASHITA DAICHI
IPC: B41J2/175
Filed: 2018-02-21
Abstract: To provide an ink connection needle for improving a flow speed of ink between a cartridge and an ink tank.SOLUTION: An ink connection needle is the ink connection needle capable of flowing ink between a cartridge and an ink tank connected to an ink flow passage, by detachably connecting one to a connection port of a connection body, and connecting the other to the ink flow passage, to the cartridge having an ink storage part for storing the ink, the connection body connected to the ink storage part and a seal member for sealing the connection body, and comprises a base end part connected to the ink flow passage and positioned on the ink tank side and a tip part for forming an ink communication port, that is, the tip part inserted into the connection port by penetrating through the seal member, and the virtual axis of passing through the center of the ink communication port is inclined to the axis with the center in the radial direction of the tip part as the shaft center in a state of inserting the tip part into the connection port.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14
Patent JP-2019147582-A (JP)
Title: Box-making, boxing and sealing device
Inventor: YOKOTA SUKETSUGU
IPC: B65B5/02
Filed: 2018-02-27
Abstract: To provide a box-making, boxing and sealing device capable of suppressing increase in an installation area, while expanding the degree of freedom in layout arrangement of a manufacturing line.SOLUTION: A boxing system can completely separate a cardboard box handling region DHA in which a box-making sheet folded in a planar manner is assembled into a box opening in one direction and the opening is closed and sealed after receiving an article, from an article handling region GHA in which a plurality of articles are arrayed, and, the articles are pushed in the box from the opening in a state where a predetermined number of articles are accumulated. Thus, the layout arrangement is facilitated, and the layout can be changed according to actual production, and this can contribute to suppressing increase in an installment area of the entire boxing system.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2A
Patent JP-2018172218-A (JP)
Title: Cable winding device and cable winding method
Inventor: YAMAJI SATORI
IPC: B65H54/56
Filed: 2018-03-02
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To wind cables of multiple gas sensors with the same accuracy.SOLUTION: A cable winding device 20 includes a first holding unit 71, a winding unit 48, and a winding mechanism. The first holding unit 71 holds one of a sensor unit 12 and a connector unit 14 of a gas sensor 10 including the sensor unit 12 for detecting a concentration of a specific gas in a measurement gas; the connector unit 14 having a plurality of electrodes; and a cable 16 for electrically connecting the sensor unit 12 and the connector unit 14. By the winding mechanism, the cable 16 is wound on the winding unit 48 by rotationally moving the first holding unit 71 so as to turn around the winding unit 48.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7
Patent JP-2019151520-A (JP)
Title: Substrate, and manufacturing method of substrate
Inventor: HAYASHI YUSUKE
IPC: C23C14/06
Filed: 2018-03-02
Abstract: To provide a substrate capable of improving crystallinity of an AlN film, and having reduced warp.SOLUTION: A substrate 1 includes a sapphire substrate 2, a first AlN film 3a formed on a first principal surface of the sapphire substrate, and a second AlN film 3b formed on a second principal surface on the opposite side to the first principal surface of the sapphire substrate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019152524-A (JP)
Title: Sensor element, measuring device, method for manufacturing sensor element, electronic circuit element, and quantum information element
Inventor: MIZUOCHI NORIKAZU
IPC: H01L29/82
Filed: 2018-03-02
Abstract: To provide a sensor element having diamond with a diamond crystal structure in which the carbon-hole center is stable in the state of a negative charge.SOLUTION: A diamond having a sensor element is made a diamond which is doped with n-type phosphorus and includes the carbon-hole center in the crystal structure. This allows the possibility to reduce that the carbon-hole center in the diamond lattice becomes in the neutral state and also allows the carbon-hole center to be stable in the negative electric charge.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2019151470-A (JP)
Title: Attitude control device for suspended cargo
Inventor: NARUMI TOMOHIRO
IPC: B66C13/08
Filed: 2018-03-06
Abstract: To suppress swirling and translation of suspended loads.SOLUTION: An attitude control device for suspended loads includes, a suspension jig for suspending a suspended load in a first direction, and a turning restraining means for restraining turning of the suspension jig that is installed on the suspension jig and that is centered on the center point of the suspension jig as viewed in the first direction. The attitude control device for suspended load includes first to fourth thruster groups installed on the suspension jig. The first thruster group is arranged such that the direction of the resultant force of the thruster thrust generated from the thrusters constituting the first thruster group coincides with one direction of a first virtual straight line, while the second thruster group is arranged such that the direction of the resultant force of the thruster thrust generated from the thrusters constituting the second thruster group coincides with the other direction of the first virtual straight line. The third thruster group is arranged such that the direction of the resultant force of the thruster thrust generated from the thrusters constituting the third thruster group coincides with one direction of a second virtual straight line, while the fourth thruster group is arranged such that the direction of the resultant force of the thruster thrust generated from the thrusters constituting the fourth thruster group coincides with the other direction of the second virtual straight line.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1
Patent JP-2018170504-A (JP)
Title: Method for manufacturing heat sink-attached insulative circuit board
Inventor: OHIRAKI TOMOYA
IPC: H01L23/36
Filed: 2018-03-09
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a heat sink-attached insulative circuit board, which is arranged so that a metal layer and a heat sink can be bonded to each other with reliability by a solid-phase diffusion manner, and which is superior in reliability in bonding between a metal layer and a heat sink.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a heat sink-attached insulative circuit board including an insulative circuit board with a metal layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and having an indentation hardness of less than 50 mgf/μm, and a heat sink of which the bonding face with the insulative circuit board is formed by aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a solidus temperature of 650°C or below comprises: an aluminum bonding layer formation step S02 of forming an aluminum bonding layer made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a solidus temperature of 650°C or below on a face of the metal layer on a side opposite to the insulator layer; and a heat sink bonding step S03 of laminating a copper bonding material made of copper or a copper alloy between the aluminum bonding layer and the bonding face of the heat sink, and bonding, by solid-phase diffusion, between the aluminum bonding layer and the copper bonding material, and between the copper bonding material and the heat sink.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4