baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-886501-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of aromaticcarboxylic acids
IPC: C07C51/255
Filed: 1959-05-25
Abstract: Aromatic carboxylic acids are obtained by a process which comprises hydrolysing a chloromethyl aromatic compound to the corresponding alcohol in the presence of at least 1.5 times its weight of water and at least the stoichiometric amount of alkali at a temperature of at least 120 DEG C., separating the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture, and submitting the hydrolysis product to oxidation so as to produce an aromatic carboxylic acid.  The hydrolysis stage may be completed in 20-40 minutes.  The separated aqueous phase may be re-used for the hydrolysis of further quantities of the chloromethyl compound.  Carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of alkali metals and of alkaline-earth metals may be used as hydrolysing agents.  Many chloromethyl starting materials are listed including chloromethyl derivatives of benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, cumene, mesitylene, durene, prehnitene, p - cymene, 1, 3 - dimethyl - 5 - tert - butylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, diphenyl, hydrindene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, acenaphthene, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, phenol, cresols, nitrophenols, salicylic acid, n-butyl phenyl ether, anisole, hydroquinone dimethyl ether, phenyl ether, methyl phenyl thioether, salicaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl acetophenone, benzoyl mesitylene, and halogen derivatives of these.  The hydrolysis may be carried out under increased pressure, e.g. 20-100 atmospheres. The oxidation may be carried out by means of nitric acid of 10%-60% strength, and at temperatures of 80 DEG C.-130 DEG C. at atmospheric pressure, but higher temperatures and pressures may be used.  The nature of the product may be determined by the temperature of the oxidation; thus the hydrolysis product of bis-(chloro-methyl) xylene is converted to dimethyl phthalic acid if the temperature is kept below 140 DEG C., but at temperatures between 140 DEG C. and 220 DEG C. the alkyl groups are also oxidised and pyromellitic acid is obtained.  Examples describe the production of terephthalic acid from p-chloromethyltoluene; phthalic and terephthalic acids from a mixture of o- and p-chloromethyl toluenes; a mixture of isomeric dimethyl phthalic acids from a mixture of o-, m-, and p-bis(chloromethyl) xylenes; mellitic acid from bis(chloromethyl) durene; and dimethyl benzoic acid from 2,4-dimethyl benzyl chloride.  In these examples, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium or magnesium oxide or hydroxide, is used for the hydrolysis, and nitric acid for the oxidation.  In another example for the production of terephthalic acid, the oxidation is effected by means of a stream of air in presence of cobalt or manganese bromide and acetic acid. In another example a -chloromethyl naphthalene is hydrolysed to a -naphthyl alcohol which is oxidised with nitric acid and air to form a -naphthoic acid.
Patent GB-425202-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to breathing apparatus of the regenerative type
IPC: A62B7/10
Filed: 1934-06-15
Abstract: 425,202. Breathing-apparatus. GERSON, K., 148, Abbey Road, Kilburn, London. June 15, 1934, No. 17798. [Class 81 (ii)] In breathing-apparatus of the regenerative type, the regenerating cartridge is mounted in a fitting having ports communicating with the air conduit on either side of the cartridge and also registering with the inlet and outlet air openings in the cartridge wall and through which the cartridge is passable, the cartridge being inserted manually into one side of the fitting and ejected at the other by the insertion of a fresh cartridge, preventing admission of the surrounding atmosphere during the replacement of the spent cartridge. The fitting may be a rigid tubular structure open at both ends, but preferably comprises two opposed saddles which clamp the cartridge between them. In the construction shown in Fig. 4, the cartridge 3 is clamped between saddles 16, 17 which are mounted by resilient mounting strips 18 on corner plate 19. The clamping action due to the strips 18 is supplemented by the tension of a wire 22 anchored at both ends to the carrier plate and tightened by lever 29. A gas-tight fit is ensured by a resilient lining 32 of gas-impervious material fixed to the saddles and preferably impregnated with a lubricant. The saddles preferably have an outwardly turned lip to facilitate insertion of the replacement cartridge, and guide ledges 34 are provided on the cartridge. Alternatively, one saddle may be rigidly mounted and the other pressed towards it by a cam lever or other suitable device. Fig. 6 shows an alternative method of obtaining a gas-tight connection at the saddles. The branches 27, 28 are pressed by the wire against the flanges 38 of the saddle bosses 39 through springs 40 compressed between flanges 38 and collars 41 on the branches. Flanges 37 on the branches carry gas-impervious washers 42, 43. The openings in the cartridges may be closed, e.g. by oiled paper, until required for use.
Patent GB-382273-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to furnaces
IPC: F23L1/00
Filed: 1931-06-19
Abstract: 382,273. Furnace fronts. COTTON, A. T., 3, Belsize Grove, London. June 19, 1931, No. 17840. [Class 51 (i).] In coal-fired boiler furnaces air is supplied direct from the boiler-room through regulators 11 to one or more chambers 5 whence it is discharged into the combustion space through a plurality of small orifices 14, 15 in the rear wall, some of which are directed at an angle to each other so that the jets impinge upon one another. The air chamber comprises a semi-annular plate 6, with a wide bevel 7, secured to the front plate 8 of the boiler by bolts 9. The orifices 14 are bored at 20-30‹ to the mean line of supply through the orifices 15. The air regulators 11 comprise sliding shutters operated by knobs 13, or they may be actuated automatically by thermostats. An undulating surface may be given to the inner surface of the plate 6 to facilitate drilling the inclined holes. If the chamber is cast the holes are cored in place. In water-tube boiler furnaces with a number of firedoors the chambers 5 are arranged between the doors and have wide vertical bevels at the sides.
Patent GB-448362-A (GB)
Title: Nasal and aural speculum
IPC: A61B1/32
Filed: 1935-06-21
Abstract: 448,362. Surgical specula. CAMERON, W. J., 666, West Division Street, Chicago, U.S.A. June 21, 1!)35, No. 17843. [Class 81 (ii)] A surgical speculum comprises a pair of sickle-shaped arms pivoted on a support and each carrying a speculum blade, a lever on the support which coacts with the straight portions of the arms to separate them by movement about their pivot, and a pawl-and-ratchet device controlling the lever. A tubular socket 10, Fig. 3, is attached to a handle 13 by a bayonet joint 11. A lamp 14 is movable by means of a slide in or out of the handle. A hollow casting 16 integral with the socket 10 has lateral flanges 17, 19 over which the arms 21 move. These arms have curved portions 24 which engage channels 31 formed in the bases of semi-conical dilating members 29. Each member 29 is formed with an ear 30 through which passes a pin 32 bridging the channel 31 and entering a slot in the respective arm. A lever 33 fulcrumed on a screw 34 carries pins 33b which engage the arms, and is formed with an L-shaped flange 33a, Fig. 4, guiding a pawl 36 in the form of a sliding block. The lever and flange are slotted at 38 to receive a pin 39 passing through the pawl. The pawl engages ratchet teeth 18 provided on the flange 17. A member 42 having a thumb piece 43 is pivoted on the flange 33a, the pin 39 passing through an aperture, the edge 45 of which acts as a cam to ratchet the lever in an upward direction. A recess 46 permits free movement of the pin when the lever is moved downwards. A pawl throw-off is provided comprising a pivoted plate 47 recessed at 49 to engage the pin 39 when the lug 48 is pressed down. Specification 299,246, [Class 81 (ii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-460366-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to structural concrete and hydraulic cement therefor
IPC: C04B24/00
Filed: 1935-06-21
Abstract: Such water-soluble organic compounds containing in the molecule at least 15 carbon atoms and two or more aromatic nuclei attached to a heterogeneous nucleus, i.e. a nucleus (which may be a heterocyclic ring) which is characterized by the presence of elements other than carbon and hydrogen, e.g. nitrogen-as will peptize hydraulic cement particles and disperse them uniformly throughout a mix, are added to a concrete mix containing hydraulic cement or to powdered hydraulic cement.  The Specification describes tests by which the selection of the compounds may be made.  Examples of such compounds are the dyes Fast wool cyanone 3R, Durol black 2B, Durol black B, Wool violet 4BN, Nigrosine 12525 conc., Hypernic extract (Brazilin or the oxidized form brazilein), Fustic extract, Erie scarlet B and Superchrome blue; and phenyl peri-acid and phenyl gamma acid. Specification 431,679 is referred to.
Patent GB-1427394-A (GB)
Title: Method for the continuous electropolishing of elements made of  copper or an alloy of copper
IPC: C25F3/16
Filed: 1973-04-13
Abstract: 1427394 Electropolishing copper or copper alloy POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA 13 April 1973 18015/73 Heading C7B In a method for the continuous electropolishing of an element made of Cu or an alloy of Cu (e.g. a beryllium bronze wire or a Cu wire), the element is passed through first and second baths containing the same solution; namely a solution containing H 3 PO 4  having a concentration of 75 to 90 wt per cent, and Cu ions having a concentration of 0À05 to 2 gram-ions/litre, and an addition of one or more organic compounds (such as aliphatic alcohols, tertiary aliphatic amines, and/or alkyl ammonium compounds). In the first bath there may or may not be a current density on the element. In the second bath a voltage of between 1À5 and 2À5 volts is applied between the element (as anode) and a cathode. The first bath solution has a constant temperature of 70‹ to 100‹C and the second bath solution has a temperature of 10‹ to 30‹C at the 'inlet' increasing to 60‹ to 140 C at the 'outlet'. The inlet and outlet are the points at which the element enters and leaves the second bath. The electropolishing may be carried out using a constant potential or a constant current.
Patent GB-392758-A (GB)
Title: Indirect heating of a fluid medium by steam or other vapour, generated in a closed circuit pipe system
IPC: F24D1/00
Filed: 1932-06-27
Abstract: 392,758. Heating systems. SVENSKA AKTIEBOLAGET GASACCUMULATOR, Liding÷. near Stockholm. June 27, 1932, No. 18124. Convention date, Sept. 25, 1931. [Class 64 (ii).] In the indirect heating of water by steam-generated in a closed pipe system comprising a generator and a condenser, the latter being surrounded by the water to be heated, a non- circulatory branch pipe system communicates with the closed pipe system and with an expansion reservoir or tank which supplies or receives liquid to or from the closed system. The steam generator comprises a coil 20 surrounding the combustion chamber of a stove 22, and is connected by a closed pipe system 15, 17 to a condenser, comprising a pipe coil 14, situated in a storage tank 10. A branch pipe 3t is connected to the lowest point of the closed circuit 15-17 and at its upper part to a liquid reservoir 36. Small plugs with orifices 38, 39 are provided in the pipes 34 and 17 respectively to minimize knocking in the system. In a modification, the expansion pipe 34 is connected to the pipe 17 at a point close to the tank 10 and in place of the condenser coil closed cylinder is used into which the open pipes 15, 17 project, a diaphragm across the cylinder completing the closed circuit. In a further modification, the condenser coil may be replaced by upper and lower parts, the latter communicating with each other through a series of orifices. A similar series of orifices may be placed in the discharge pipe from the condenser.
Patent GB-660006-A (GB)
Title: Method for production of purified salts of penicillin
IPC: C07D499/16
Filed: 1948-07-06
Abstract: Purified crystalline alkali metal penicillin salts are manufactured by treating a solution of penicillin with a volatile weak organic base (preferably a tertiary amine such as a trialkylamine), dissolving the precipitated organic base salt of penicillin in a water-free solvent, and then adding an alkali metal alcoholate to precipitate the alkali metal salt of penicillin in crystalline form. The amount of alcoholate should be at least sufficient to react with all the penicillin salt present, but preferably insufficient to react also with the impurities.  The liberated volatile base may be wholly or partly evaporated by distillation or by leading a current of inert gas through the solvent.  Particularly suitable solvents are anhydrous alcohols, preferably the alcohol corresponding to the alcoholate employed.  In examples: (1) trimethylamine is reacted with penicillin in amyl acetate, the precipitated salt is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, a 50 per cent molar excess of potassium ethoxide in ethyl alcohol is added, and nitrogen is passed through the solution warmed to 35 DEG  C.; (2) triethylamine is reacted with penicillin in ether, the precipitated salt is dissolved in anhydrous butyl alcohol, an equivalent amount of potassium butoxide in butyl alcohol is added, and the liberated triethylamine is distilled off. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 comprises the addition of any alcoholate to an anhydrous organic solvent solution of any penicillin salt, and includes the following additional examples: (3) diethylamine is reacted with penicillin in ether, the oil which separates is dissolved in anhydrous butanol, and the solution is distilled while adding a solution of potassium butoxide and potassium acetate in butanol; (4) the diethylamine in (3) is replaced by methylamine; (5) pyridine (or mixed pyridine bases) and petroleum ether are added to a solution of penicillin in amyl acetate, the oil which separates is dissolved in dry butanol, sodium butoxide is added and the pyridine is distilled off in vacuo.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-401618-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in shoe shanks
IPC: A43B23/22
Filed: 1933-06-26
Abstract: 401,618. Shank stiffeners. SEBASTIANI, A. D., 2042, Papineau Avenue, Montreal, Canada. June 26, 1933, No. 18204. Convention date, Feb. 16, 1933. [Class 17 (ii).] A shank stiffener comprises a number of sections detachably interlocked in end to end relation by joints which permit free relative movement in one direction. As shown, the stiffener may be comprised of three sections 5, 6, 7, united by T-shaped projections 10, 11 on the sections 5, 7 engaging in T-shaped openings 8, 9 in the intermediate section 6. The sections may be transversely curved so that the projections 10, 11 may be accommodated without unduly projecting. The sections may be hound together by a tape which may be passed into a recess 13 at the rear end of the stiffener. Fastenings engaging holes 5a, 7a secure the stiffener in the shoe.
Patent GB-587032-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to depth gauges for liquid reservoirs
IPC: G01F23/24
Filed: 1943-11-04
Abstract: 587,032. Liquid-level indicators. PEARCE, M. Nov. 4, 1943, No. 18314. [Class 123 (i)] In a depth gauge of the Hampson's type for liquids having a critical temperature below ordinary atmospheric temperature suitable for a vacuum jacketed vessel for liquid methane, the evaporating tube 6 adapted to be immersed in the liquid with the upper part exposed to the atmosphere has thermally insulated means for conducting heat down to the liquid which enters the tube, thus emptying the tube of liquid and maintaining a pressure therein depending on the depth of liquid in the vessel and indicated on a pressure gauge connected to the top of the tube. The tube may itself form the heat conductor and may be insulated by a surrounding tube 7 having a basis of phenol-formaldehyde resin closed at top and bottom, the space between being evacuated or filled with air or with the vapour of a substance having a low vapour pressure at the temperature of the liquefied gas. The space between the tubes may be closed at the top only, so that it is filled with the vapour of the liquid being measured. The facing surface of the tubes may be highly polished, and both tubes may be of stainless steel. The heat conductor may be a thin polished copper wire within and not touching the evaporating tube, which may be of metal or a phenol-formaldehyde resin. The wire may have an insulating sleeve and may be a resistance wire or may terminate at the lower end of the tube in a small resistance coil through which current is passed. The evaporating tube leads from the bottom of the jacketed vessel to the top of a vessel of glycerol provided with a dip pipe leading back to the top of the jacketed vessel.
Patent GB-808065-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in woven fabrics
IPC: D03D15/00
Filed: 1955-06-24
Abstract: 808,065. Glass fabrics. LECLERE, MJune 24, 1955 [April 29, 1955], No.18319/55 Class 142(4) A fabric for reinforcing synthetic resin consists of superposed layers 1, 2 of straight main yarns held together by binder weft and warp yarns 3, 4, which respectively cross under all the yarns 2 and over all the yarns 1. The main yarns are of untwisted glass filaments; the binder yarns may be twisted glass filaments or other material. Specification 751,392 is referred to.
Patent GB-808352-A (GB)
Title: Sewing machine needle-clamp
IPC: D05B19/00
Filed: 1955-11-24
Abstract: 808,352. Sewing machines. SINGER MANUFACTURING CO. Nov. 24, 1955 [Nov. 29, 1954], No. 18369/57. Divided out of 808,351. Class 112 Needle-holders. A cylindrical needle-bar 10, Fig. 5, is provided with a needle-receiving slot formed with flat walls 382, 383 arranged at an angle to one another, and is encircled by a clamping band 384 secured rigidly thereto and provided with a clamping screw 388 formed with a conical point for engaging the needle, the axis of the screw being offset laterally from that of the needle-bar. The band is secured to the bar by a screw which forms an abutment for the needle and also secures a thread-guide 397, Fig. 7, to the bar. The thread is passed through the loop 399 and notch 401. The invention may be applied to a zig-zag machine employing a loop taker with circular movement about a vertical axis. Multiple-needle machines. Two needls 50, 402, Fig. 9, may be arranged side by side in the slot in the needle-bar, the opposed plane walls 394, 404 of the slot being tangential to the path of the loop-taker beak and making a slight inclination with a plane 405 normal to the vertical plane containing the line of feed, so that the needle 402 is seven thousandths of an inch behind the needle 50 in the direction of feed.
Patent GB-1436807-A (GB)
Title: Igniting and operating device for low pressure discharge lamp
IPC: H05B41/04
Filed: 1974-04-26
Abstract: 1436807 Thermally operated switches PATENT TREUHAND GES FUR ELEKTRISCHE GLUHLAMPEN mbH 26 April 1974 [26 April 1973] 18427/74 Heading H1N [Also in Division H2] A thermally operated switch 11 comprises a bimetal strip 12 having a V-shaped end 13 which latches a resilient wire 14 such that when the strip 12 is heated the end 13 opens contact with and releases the wire 14. The wire 14 is bent around the mounting plate 11 and the free end 16 passed through an aperture 15 back to the front of the plate 11. A thermistor 17 and a rectifying diode 19 are placed adjacent the bimetal strip 12, the heat developed by these elements assisting the operation of the bimetal strip 12. The button 21 permits the switch to be reset manually.
Patent GB-292956-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in grinding tools
IPC: B24D9/08
Filed: 1928-06-26
Abstract: 292,956. Krug, C. June 27, 1927, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Wheels.-A grinding-wheel consists of a yieldable supporting element a secured by flanges b to a shaft c and having removably mounted thereon a grinding covering d by means of elements e. The elements engage a single annular groove f in the element a, or in separate recesses, and are secured to the covering d by glueing &c. Instead of separate elements e a single ring may be used.
Patent GB-1488595-A (GB)
Title: Underground mining equipment
IPC: E21C25/06
Filed: 1975-05-02
Abstract: 1488595 Underground mining equipment steerage systems COAL INDUSTRY (PATENTS) Ltd 9 April 1976 [2 May 1975 15 Jan 1976] 18451/75 and 01573/76 Heading E1F Underground mining equipment for traversing to and fro along a defined path 2 extending along a rock face comprises a first part 20 adapted to be guided along the defined path 2, a second part 22 of which at least a portion is relatively movable with respect to the first part 20 in a direction transverse to the rock face by mechanism acting between the parts in accordance with a signal indicative of disparity between the defined path and a preselected desired path and obtained from means mounted on one of the parts and arranged to relate the paths with each other. The means may involve the use of gyroscopes or light sensitive means and may be incorporate on one part adjacent a pivotal connection that may exist between the parts of which the second part may be associated with a mining machine 6, 8. The mechanism may be a piston cylinder unit. Specification 1453802 is referred to.
Patent GB-596098-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to closures for jars, pots or like containers
IPC: B65D47/26
Filed: 1945-07-18
Abstract: 596,098. Closures for jars &c. TIERNEY, C. A. July 18, 1945, No. 18455. [Class 125 (iii)] A dispensing closure for jars &c. comprising two relatively rotatable elements with cutaway portions or apertures which may be brought into register for dispersing the contents is characterised in that the element mounted upon or supported within the jar or neck is formed with tongues &c. adapted resiliently to engage over or within the mouth of jar or to retain the closure in position. In the modification of Fig. 1, the element 12 is formed with resilient tongues 13 and'is entered at 18, while the lid 14 is provided with a spout 17. The apertures 18 may be of varying sizes and a measuring rod 19 may be fitted to the element 12. In the modification of Fig. 2, the lid 21, apertured at 26, is provided with resilient tongues 23 and a collar 20, rotatable on the lid, is provided with a spout 25. In the modification of Fig. 4, the element 27 is supported within the neck of the jar being held firmly therein by tongues &c. 33. A pouring lip 36 is provided on a rotatable lid 28, with a handle 38, may be turned within an annular portion 32 of the element 27 to bring an opening 30 into register with the spout 36. The lid 28 may be provided with a projecting lug, on its side opposite to the opening 30, so that the opening in the element 27 may be completely closed.
Patent GB-1174516-A (GB)
Title: Speed Control Circuit for an Electric Motor.
IPC: H02P7/295
Filed: 1968-04-18
Abstract: 1,174,516. Control of A.C. motors. JANOME SEWING MACHINE CO. Ltd. 18 April, 1968 [18 April, 1967], No. 18488/68. Heading H2J. A single-phase series commutator motor M is supplied through a symmetrical semi-conductor element SSSM whose trigger circuit comprises pulse transformer PT associated with semiconductor switch SSST. Adjustment of variable resistor VR changes the time constant of the trigger circuit which also comprises capacitors C1, C2, and resistor R1, the switch SSST firing to generate a pulse in transformer PT when the charge on capacitor C2 reaches a predetermined level. The switching pulses control the conduction of element SSSM in both half-cycles, so regulating the terminal voltage of the motor and its speed. A resistor R2 provides a shunt path so that the time constant of the charging circuit including the resistor VR is smaller when the element SSSM is conducting than when it is not conducting. This arrangement increases or decreases the motor voltage when the load torque increases or decreases, so stabilizing the speed.