baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20030049403-A (KR)
Title: Control Method of float-type clutch of washing machine
Inventor: JUN SI MUN
IPC: D06F37/02
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A control method of a floating clutch for a washing machine is provided to improve the reliability by detecting engagement or separation of the floating clutch with detecting combination or separation of a float and a fixing member. CONSTITUTION: Supply of water is detected to the first water level in washing(100), and a float is detected to be separated from a fixing member through the clutch operation decision algorithm(110). The float is separated from the fixing member through the clutch separation algorithm(120), and water supply to the second water level is detected according to the laundry amount in separating the floating clutch(130). The laundry is washed and rinsed in the washing tub in supplying water to the second water level(140), and draining is performed(150). The float is engaged with the fixing member through the clutch combination algorithm(160), and engagement of the floating clutch is checked through the clutch operation decision algorithm(170). The laundry is dehydrated by rotating the washing tub in engaging the floating clutch(180).
Patent KR-20030049499-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YEONG JU
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2001-12-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for scoring and selecting optimum probes in probes design is provided, thereby designing optimum oligonucleotide probes, and increasing the efficiency of designing and production of a DNA chip. CONSTITUTION: A method for scoring and selection for optimum probes in probes design comprises the steps of: (a) setting up at least one factor selected from the group consisting of hybridization melting point(TM), difference of hybridization melting point(ΔTM), self-alignment, mutation site, probe length, repetitive sequence content and GC content; (b) representing the response function of the selected factors of the step (a) as simple cosine, an exponential function and a hyperlolic function, and determining used factors; and (c) preparing the optimum function for selection of probes by combination of response functions for each of the factors of the step (b) and scoring each probe to select the optimum probes.
Patent KR-20030051057-A (KR)
Title: Crystallization prohibition apparatus of absorption type cooler and heater
Inventor: KIM IK SAENG
IPC: F25B15/00
Filed: 2001-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for preventing crystallization of an absorption-type hot and chilled water generator is provided to improve efficiency of the absorption-type hot and chilled water generator by controlling the combustion rate of a hot-temperature regenerator and by preventing a lithium bromide solution from being crystallized. CONSTITUTION: A device for preventing crystallization of an absorption-type hot and chilled water generator includes a conductivity meter(80) installed at an outlet of a shell side of a low-temperature heat exchanger(12), to measure the conductivity of an absorbent solution; a temperature sensor(90) installed to the shell outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger, to measure the temperature of the absorbent solution; and a control unit(45) receiving the conductivity meter and the temperature sensor, forecasting the consistency of the absorbent solution, and controlling the combustion rate of a hot-temperature regenerator(16). Accordingly, crystallization of a lithium bromide solution is prevented and thus, the efficiency of the absorption-type hot and chilled water generator is improved.
Patent KR-20030057930-A (KR)
Title: apparatus for measurement of out of roundness
Inventor: BAEK SEONG GIL
IPC: G01B5/28
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A jig is provided to stably and precisely measure roundness of a material by forming a claw in a column type and installing a leaf spring and a fine adjusting screw. CONSTITUTION: Slide inserting grooves are divided at the same angle centering around the center of a body(20). Slides are inserted inside the slide inserting grooves to be operated inward and outward. A claw opening/closing screw(30) is rotatably installed in the outside of a fixing plate(40) of the claw opening/closing screw to be inserted in the outside of each slide inserting groove. A pair of claw fixing bolts is protruded on the upper face of each slide. Claws(10,11,12,13) are installed in the upper face of the claw fixing bolts. The claws have many leaf springs(14) and fine adjusting screws in the face to be touched with a measured material. The claws have a column type by extending from the upper part of the body to stably fix the outside of the measured material.
Patent KR-20030058175-A (KR)
Title: Method for Processing Data in a IMT-2000 System
Inventor: JANG SU YEONG
IPC: H04B7/00
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A data processing method in an IMT-2000 system is provided to make a base station to accurately transmit data to a terminal according to an ordering of a forward access channel and a paging channel so that the terminal receives and demultiplexes it. CONSTITUTION: An RRC(Radio Resource Control) layer informs a base station of a common transport channel setup request message as a FACH(Forward Access CHannel) and PCH(Paging CHannel) and a terminal of CTFC(Calculated Transport Format Combination) and TFC(Transport Format Combination) as an SCCPCH(Secondary Common Control Physical CHannel) system information. The base station and terminal create a mapping table for a TFCS(Transport Format Combination Subset) and a TFCI(Transport Format Combination Indicator) with the CTFC. A physical layer of the base station orders data which has reached a multiplexing unit according to a TFS(Transport Format Set) information position of the FACH and the PCH and performs a multiplexing. The physical layer of the base station creates a TFCI by using a TFI(Transport Format Indicator) reaching together with the data. The base station multiplexes the data(TBS) and the TFCI, and transfers them to the terminal. The terminal detects the TFC by using the mapping table with the TFCI and demultiplexes the data(TBS) according to the FACH and PCH TFS information position received from the RRC layer.
Patent KR-20030058557-A (KR)
Title: Method for Service of Presence using SIP in Mobile Communication Packet Network
Inventor: KIM SEONG
IPC: H04W4/08
Filed: 2001-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A presence service providing method using an SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) in a mobile communication packet network is provided to inform a current position, communication means(i.e., E-mail or instant messaging) and a communication state(i.e., do not disturb, urgent if only) of a user on the Internet. CONSTITUTION: A terminal of a user A(101) sets up a traffic channel to a base station control station(102) to use an SIP-based service(111). The terminal of the user A(101) sets up a PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol) with a PDSN(Packet Data Serving Node)(103)(112). The PDSN(103) makes an agent advertisement in the terminal of the user A(101)(113), and the terminal of the user A(101) requests a mobile IP registration from the PDSN(103)(114). The PDSN(103) requests an authentication from an authorization/authentication/charging server(104) and receives a response(115). The PDSN(103) requests the mobile IP registration from an HA(Home Agent)(105) and receives a mobile registration response message from the HA(105)(116). The PDSN(103) transfers the message to the terminal of the user A(101). The user A(101) requests an SIP registration from an SIP server(106) and receives a response(118). If a user B(107) is a general cable Internet subscriber, it performs only the SIP registration procedure(119). If the user B(107) wants to know a state of the user A(101), it transfers a reservation request to the SIP server(106)(120), and then, the SIP server(106) transfers a reservation request to the user A(101)(121). The user A(101) transfers a reservation acceptance to the SIP server(106)(122). The SIP server(106) transfers the reservation acceptance to the user B(107)(123) and informs the user B(107) of the state of the user A(101)(124). The user B(107) transfers a response to the SIP server(106)(125). If the user A(101) is changed in its state, it registers the changed fact at the SIP server(106)(126). The SIP server(106) informs the user B(107) of the state of the user A(101)(127). The user B(107) transfers a response to the SIP server(106)(128).
Patent KR-20010053417-A (KR)
IPC: C08L23/16
Filed: 1999-07-02
Abstract: Polyethylene composition comprising (percentages by weight): A) from 60 to 95% of an LLDPE copolymer having a density from 0.905 to 0.935 g/cm3, {overscore (M)}w/{overscore (M)}n values less than 4 and F/E ratio values from 10 to 20; B) from 5 to 40% of one or more crystalline copolymers of propylene selected among defined copolymers of propylene with ethylene and/or higher alpha-olefins.
Patent KR-20010053434-A (KR)
Title: 동기식 고수준 데이터 링크 제어 절차에서의 비트 스터핑방법 및 장치
IPC: H04L12/861
Filed: 1999-06-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 디지털 통신 목적의 비트 스터핑용 방법 및 장치를 개시한다. 본 발명에 따르는 방법은 제1 비트 시퀀스를 형성하는 제1 큐우로부터 n 비트를 선택하는 단계, 제1 비트 시퀀스와 미리 저장된 비트 스터핑 데이터를 비교하는 단계 및 선택된 비트 시퀀스 및 미리 저장된 비트 스터핑 데이터에 포함되는 데이터에 따라서 제1 큐우에 의해 동작을 실행하는 단계를 포함하는 비트 스터핑에 관련된 프로세스를 포함한다. 본 발명에 따르는 비트 스터핑 프로세스에서, 다수의 비트가 제2 큐우에 부가되고, 다수의 비트가 제1 큐우로부터 제거되며, 상기 비트 시퀀스 또는 비트의 수는 미리 저장된 비트 스터핑 데이터로부터 결정된다. 선택된 비트 시퀀스와 미리 저장된 데이터를 비교하는 프로세서는 비트 스터핑에 수반되는 모든 단계에서, 송신 프로세서 및 수신 프로세스에서 모두 및 플래그 헌팅 뿐만 아니라 비트 스터핑 중에 실행하는 것이 가능하다. 바람직한 실시예에서, 미리 저장된 비트 스터핑 데이터는 룩업 테이블의 형태로 되어 있다. 본 발명에 따르는 장치는 큐우용의 2개의 기억 수단(138, 144), 비트 스터핑 데이터용의 기억 수단(142) 및 상기 방법의 선택, 비교, 부가 및 제거 단계를 실행하는 스터핑 수단(140)을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010106417-A (KR)
IPC: C22C38/04
Filed: 1999-05-28
Abstract: 본 발명은, 항복응력이 24 ㎏/㎟ 이상, 0.3 Oe 의 자계에 있어서의 투자율 (μ) 과 판두께의 합이 400 이상인, 색편차가 적은 열수축 밴드용 강판에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010088852-A (KR)
Title: A cleaner head assembly for a vacuum cleaner
IPC: A47L5/30
Filed: 1999-10-04
Abstract: The invention provides a cleaner head assembly for a vacuum cleaner comprising a cleaner head body pivotably attachable to a main body of a vacuum cleaner and a brush housing pivotably mounted on the cleaner head body, the brush housing having a suction opening and a brush bar mounted therein, wherein the brush housing comprises a sealed unit connectable to a vacuum cleaner air inlet via a conduit separate from the cleaner head body. The arrangement allows the brush housing to be doubly articulated with respect to the main body of the vacuum cleaner whilst the suction opening remains in a horizontal plane without requiring the use of seals which must be able to accommodate the articulation of the brush housing.
Patent KR-20010103632-A (KR)
IPC: A61K31/19
Filed: 1999-10-29
Abstract: 본 발명은 1-아미노-3-(N,N-디메틸아미노)-프로필리덴-1,1-비스포스폰산, 혹은 어떠한 그 용해가능한 염 혹은 어떠한 그 수화물의 새로운 용도에 관한 것으로, 특히 조골세포을 선택적으로 조정할 약제를 제조하기 위한 용도에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20020007282-A (KR)
Title: Mobile telephone auto pc logon
IPC: G06F21/34
Filed: 1999-11-18
Abstract: The present invention is concerned with systems and methods for using a mobile telephone to automatically log a computer user onto a computer system. A subscriber identification module (SIM) is introduced to the computer system so that the computer system associates the SIM with the computer user. The SIM is then inserted into the mobile telephone. When the mobile telephone is powered on the user is prompted for a personal identification number (PIN). When the user wishes to log onto the computer system, the user establishes a communication channel between the mobile telephone and the computer. The mobile telephone and computer exchange identification information and the computer user is automatically logged onto the computer system.
Patent KR-20010093835-A (KR)
Title: 메탈로센 착물
IPC: C08F4/44
Filed: 1999-12-16
Abstract: 본 발명은 하나 이상 치환되거나 비치환된 시클로펜타디에닐기가 원소 주기율표의 III 족 원소에 결합되어 있는, 원소 주기율표의 4, 5  또는 6 아족 금속의 메탈로센 착물을 제공한다.  상기 원소 주기율표의 III 족 원소는 질소, 인 또는 황 유기기를 단독의 추가 치환기로서 함유하는, 시클로펜타디에닐기와 금속 이온 사이의 결합 연결기의 성분이다.
Patent KR-20010101240-A (KR)
Title: Polyurethane based foam containing exfoliating graphite and the process for the preparation thereof
IPC: C08G18/48
Filed: 1999-12-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of rigid polyurethane foams containing exfoliating graphite. In a preferred embodiment the foams of the present invention pass severe flame retardant tests such as the M1 burning test. Foams which pass the M1 burning test are produced by reacting a polyisocyanate, a polyol, a halogenated polyol, in the presence of a blowing agent, a catalyst, exfoliating graphite and additional flame retardants selected from phosphonate esters, phosphate esters, halogenated phosphate ester or a combination thereof.
Patent KR-20010112273-A (KR)
IPC: G11B7/00
Filed: 2000-02-16
Abstract: 삭제/재기록 가능 광 데이터 저장 방법이 제공된다. 여기에서, 데이터의 기록을 위한 광굴절 폴리머 물질의 2-광자 여기를 일으키기 위해 펄스 또는 연속파 모드로 작동되는 레이저(10)로부터의 레이저 빔이 광학 시스템(11-18)에 의해 광굴절 폴리머 물질에 집중되고, 그 다음으로 이러한 데이터는 기록된 데이터의 삭제를 위해 자외선 또는 가시광선 스펙트럼을 갖는 복사선으로 상기 물질을 조사하는 것에 의해 삭제될 수 있다. 상기 방법에서 사용하기 위한 비교적 좁은 흡수 밴드를 갖는 신규한 광굴절 폴리머 물질 역시 개시된다.
Patent KR-20010110489-A (KR)
IPC: H04M1/05
Filed: 1999-04-29
Abstract: This invention relates to a new type of headset solution. The headset according to the invention has a spring loaded hinge placed in front of the ear, which guarantees a stable pressure for any ear size. The headset according to the invention can be used, for example, as a cordless telephone headset or a cordless computer headset.
Patent KR-20020032421-A (KR)
Title: 항암제로서 유용한 코발라민 컨쥬게이트
IPC: A61K41/00
Filed: 2000-04-15
Abstract: 본 발명은 중성자 포획 치료 표적(예, 붕소-10 또는 가돌리늄-157) 및 탐지가능한 부위가 결합된 코발라민 화합물뿐만 아니라, 상기 화합물을 포함하는 약제학적 조성물 및 의학적 진단 및 치료에 상기 화합물의 사용방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20020010644-A (KR)
IPC: B60C5/14
Filed: 2000-04-18
Abstract: 시일제 함유 타이어에 있어서, 트레드의 내면에 바깥쪽 라이너를 접착하고, 바깥쪽 라이너와 안쪽 라이너와의 사이에 시일제(sealant)를 충전한 시일제실(室)을 구획함과 아울러 안쪽 라이너의 내부에 공기가 충전된 공기실을 구획한다. 안쪽 라이너를 300% 모듈러스가 60 kgf/cm 2 이하인 유연한 고무로써 구성함으로써 못에 의해 생기는 안쪽 라이너의 자상(刺傷) 자체가 작아질 뿐만 아니라 못을 뺀 후에 자상이 신속히 수축하여 공기실로부터의 공기의 유출을 지연시킬 수가 있다. 그리고 유연한 안쪽 라이너는 공기실내의 공기의 압력에 의해 용이하게 변형하므로 시일제실내의 시일제를 공기의 압력에 의해 트레드의 자상내로 신속하게 압출하여 이 자상을 효과적으로 보수하는 것이 가능해진다.
Patent KR-20020025062-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for partially applying a surface coating and breathable film with such a partial surface coating
IPC: B05D1/26
Filed: 2000-05-23
Abstract: The device (1) has an applicator (3a) with nozzle, and a sieve (6a), which is located between nozzle and moving material length (W). A second applicator (3b) with nozzle and sieve (6b) is positioned on the opposite side of the material length, for direct or indirect application of a flowing synthetic medium (K) to the other side of the material. Both applicators are aligned relative to each other, so that a first coating (2a) at least partially coincides with a second coating (2b). The sieves are esp. formed as turnable sieve drums.
Patent KR-20020021649-A (KR)
IPC: C03C15/00
Filed: 2001-04-09
Abstract: 석영 유리체를 제조하는 종래의 방법에 있어서는, 유리 원료 물질과 연료 가스를, 복수의 환형 간극 노즐(7∼9)을 가지며 동일 축선을 중심으로 배열된 복수의 석영 유리관(2∼5)에 의해 형성되는 회전 대칭의 증착 버너(1)에 주입하여, 그 유리 원료 물질이 증착 버너의 화염내에서 SiO 2 입자를 형성하게 하고, 회전하는 만드렐(12)의 종축선을 따라 상기 증착 버너(1)를 전후로 이동시키면서, 상기 SiO 2 입자를 그 회전하는 만드렐에 증착시켜 기본적으로 원통형의 다공질 블랭크를 형성시킨다.  본 발명은, 노동력과 비용 측면에서 큰 노력을 기울이지 않고도 그러한 증착 버너를 교체할 수 있게 하기 위하여, 0.1 mm 의 최대 간극 폭을 갖는 환형 간극 노즐(7∼9)을 구비하는 증착 버너(1)로서, 그 증착 버너의 외곽 표면(35)을 보지(保持)하는 정렬 수단(27 ; 32)에 의해서, 그 정렬 수단과의 공통 축선을 중심으로 둘러싸여서 일정한 방향으로 정렬되는 증착 버너와, 상기 정렬 수단(27 ; 32)을 수평 위치로 이동시키는 이동 수단(28)에 연결되는 정렬 수단을 사용하는 방법을 제시한다.  그러한 방법을 실시하는 적절한 장치에 있어서, 증착 버너(1)는, 0.1 mm 이하의 간극 폭을 갖는 환형 간극 노즐(7∼9)을 구비하도록 만들어지며, 그 버너의 외곽 표면(35)은, 적어도 제 1 면에서 회전가능한 정렬 수단(27 ; 32)과 공통 축선을 중심으로 하여 맞물리며, 제 2 수평면내에서 이동 가능한 이동 수단(28)에 연결된다(도 2 참조).
Patent KR-20030059939-A (KR)
Inventor: JIN KYUNG HEE
IPC: F24C15/20
Filed: 2002-01-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: A remote controller is provided to rapidly purify indoor air, while achieving improved user convenience and work efficiency. CONSTITUTION: A remote controller is mounted on a range hood, wherein the remote controller has a deodorant function with three levels(10,11,12) and a lamp on/off function(13). The remote controller has a time reservation function for reserving an automatic operation of a fan.
Patent KR-20020021657-A (KR)
Title: System for editing of text data and replaying thereof
Inventor: BAEK JUN HYEON
IPC: G06Q50/00
Filed: 2002-01-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A text data editing and playing system are provided as a user oriented foreign language study system that a user can edit text file, to convert it to voice file and play in the portable player. CONSTITUTION: The text editing and playing system consists of a computer(10) with a text-voice converter(20), a portable voice playing device(30), an interface part(31), a memory(32), a decoder(33), a digital-analog converter(34), a control part(35), and output parts(41, 42). The text-voice converter consists of a dictionary and an encoder(25). The text input part consists of a word input part, which is connected to and schedule the input part(11). The text recognition part(23) recognizes text by parsing. The voice converter converts text data to voice. The encoder consists of compressing part and encoding method. The data files are stored in memory. The output part consists of voice playing part(41) and screen display part(42). The decoder analyze the header of data files and header contains bit rate, compression format, compression rate, amount of data and playing time. The portable voice player has a mode selection part that displays embedded scheduler on the screen display part.
Patent KR-20030062921-A (KR)
Title: display apparatus and controlling method thereof
Inventor: KIM YEONG CHAN
IPC: H04N5/445
Filed: 2002-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A display device and a method for controlling the same are provided to display OSD messages corresponding to a predetermined image signal in a corresponding display area while displaying a plurality of image signals to a multi-screen, thereby preventing the interference of display areas for image signals provided from a video card by the OSD messages. CONSTITUTION: A display device includes a storing part in which display blocking conditions are preset according to the watching grade information of respective image signals, an OSD generating part(19), and a control part(17). The control part blocks the display of image signals if any one of the image signals corresponds to the display blocking condition, and receives position information on a display area for the corresponding image signal from a synchronization processing part to display signal blocking messages output from the OSD generating part to the display area.
Patent KR-20030064152-A (KR)
Title: Disc of ion implanter
Inventor: CHOI HWAN HYEOK
IPC: H01L21/265
Filed: 2002-01-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A disc of an ion implanting apparatus is provided to prevent a wafer from being ejected from a site when the disc spins by fixing the wafer to a right position inside a fence even if a misalignment between a robot arm and the site occurs and by reducing a phenomenon that a pull rod is pushed back by centrifugal force generated when the disc spins. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of site structures including the site, the fence and the pull rod are formed inside the outer circumferential surface of a disc-type body of the ion implanting apparatus, separated from each other by a predetermined interval. The pull rod includes the rollers(116a,116b) installed in two branches upwardly branching from one rod so that the radius of the force that the pull rod pushes the wafer becomes large. Bars(130a,130b) for maintaining a uniform interval between the roller and the site are attached to the outer circumferential surface of the site facing the roller. A wrinkle-type cover that expands and contracts according to the transfer of the pull rod is included in the outside of a groove where the pull rod is received so that the pull rod is prevented from being pushed, but the pull rod reciprocates.
Patent KR-20030064511-A (KR)
Title: Printer capable of controlling power supply by a host
Inventor: JU YEONG BOK
IPC: B41J29/393
Filed: 2002-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A printer capable of controlling power by a host is provided to save power consumption on a standby state by supplying the power to the printer when the host transmits the print data to the printer. CONSTITUTION: The printer(200) is connected to the host(100) by a USB(Universal Serial Bus) interface(211) having a data line receiving the data from the host(100) and a power supply line supplying the power from the host(100). A power supply(230) supplies the drive power to each electric part of the printer(200) by converting the external power. A switching part(231) decides to supply the drive power to each electric part. A control part(217) is operated by the power supplied through the power supply line, and controls the switching part(231) according to the data transmission through the data line.
Patent KR-20030067099-A (KR)
Title: Crt
Inventor: JUNG JIN SEOP
IPC: H01J29/87
Filed: 2002-02-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cathode ray tube is provided to achieve improved resistance against an impact applied from an external source, while reducing manufacturing costs. CONSTITUTION: A cathode ray tube comprises a panel(13); a funnel(14') coupled to the panel by a frit glass(22); and an L-shaped reinforcement band(21') having a panel coupling portion(21b) coupled to the side surface of the panel so as to support the panel and a funnel coupling portion(21a) coupled to a stopper(14a) of the funnel so as to support the funnel. The stopper is formed at the side surface of the funnel so as to allow the reinforcement band to get caught at the stopper. The reinforcement band has an obtuse angle 135±44°.
Patent KR-20030067829-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and Method for Unified Message Service
Inventor: JANG JUN HO
IPC: H04W4/12
Filed: 2002-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for servicing an integrated message is provided to give a fixing ID to a wire communication terminal, and to enable the wire communication terminal to transceive a message with a wireless communication terminal, thereby quickly transmitting the message even when a user is absent. CONSTITUTION: A database(310) stores an E-mail address and a fixing ID of a wire communication terminal. A conversion value storage(320) stores information on a receiver from which a user of the wire communication terminal receives a message. A data processor(330) consists of a data converter(333) and a fixing ID converter(331). The data converter(333) converts data of the message so that the wire communication terminal and a wireless communication terminal recognize the message. The fixing ID converter(331) converts the fixing ID into the information on the receiver. An identification symbol inserter(340) attaches a wire communication service identification symbol to the fixing ID, if the message including the fixing ID is transmitted to the wireless communication terminal from the wire communication terminal.
Patent KR-20020066999-A (KR)
Inventor: KOBAYASHI MASAHARU
IPC: C09J7/38
Filed: 2002-02-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain an adhesive composition which has excellent heat-resistant temperature cyclicity and excellent humidity resistance and is used for electronic parts, and to prepare an adhesive sheet. CONSTITUTION: The adhesive composition contains (A) an epoxy resin, (B) a phenolic resin, (C) an epoxidized styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, and (D) a diaminosiloxane compound as essential components.