baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NO-157156-B (NO)
Inventor: MUGGLI JURG
IPC: G08B17/10
Filed: 1982-11-10
Abstract: A smoke detector is disclosed containing a radiation source and a radiation receiver arranged externally of a direct radiation region of the radiation source. In the presence of smoke or other combustion particles in the radiation region the radiation receiver is impinged by scattered radiation. The smoke detector contains optical elements which can be altered by external mechanical actuation, by means of which it is possible to alter in a predetermined manner an output signal of the radiation receiver. In this regard it is possible to either mechanically alter the solid angle which is so-to-speak viewed by the radiation receiver or the solid angle irradiated by the radiation source. The constriction of the active solid angle is preferably accomplished by a diaphragm or membrane displaceable along the radiation direction. Displacement of the diagram is preferably achieved in that, this diaphragm engages by means of dogs or detents in a cam groove, such as a helical-shaped groove of a cam disk, and by rotating the cam disk there can be achieved a defined displacement of the diaphragm.
Patent NO-169322-B (NO)
Inventor: HOWIE PETER WILLIAM
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1985-10-09
Abstract: The invention relates to a contraceptive composition of a prolactin elevating benzamide, such as N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]2-methoxy 5-sulfamoyl benzamide, and a progestogen.
Patent NO-170279-B (NO)
Inventor: BARRETT ROGER
IPC: B01J27/10
Filed: 1987-01-27
Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a compound of formula (2) (wherein R is a C<sub>1-6</sub> alkyl or a C<sub>7-20</sub> aralkyl group) and the salts thereof, which comprises reducing a compound of formula (3) (or a salt thereof), using a reducing system comprising borohydride ions and metal ions selected from lanthanide ions, alkaline earth metal ions or yttrium ions in solution. The reduction system may be provided by a borohydride (e.g. NaBH₄) and a metal salt (e.g. CeCl₃).The ester (2) may then if desired be hydrolyzed to give the parent acid.The ester of formula (3) in which R is a methyl is a novel compound.
Patent NO-173605-B (NO)
Title: Analogifremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av terapeutisk aktivt 4-amino-6,7-dimetoksy-2(6,7-dimetoksy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisokinol-2-yl)-kinolin
Inventor: CAMPBELL SIMON FRAZER
IPC: C07D215/00
Filed: 1990-07-17
Abstract: remstilling av-amino-6,7-dimetoksy-2-(6,7-dimetoksy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isokinol-2-yl)kinolin med hypertensiv virkning og for behandling av hjerterytme-forstyrrelser ved cyklisering av en forbindelse med formel (II). til fremstilling av en forbindelse med formel (I)
Patent SE-311340-B (SE)
Inventor: FUERRER W
IPC: B42F7/14
Filed: 1962-05-16
Abstract: 1,011,064. Filing papers. RUD FURRER SOHNE A.G. May 28, 1962 [May 31, 1961], No. 20514/62. Heading B6E. A collapsible container for use in a suspension filing system has a bottom wall 3<SP>1</SP>, two substantially parallel side walls 1<SP>1</SP>, 2<SP>1</SP>, and a rear wall, the rear or bottom wall being formed from two separate wall portions 22a, 22b, which lie in substantially the same plane in non-overlapping relationship when the container is erected and are held together by a connecting member 12<SP>1</SP>. The connecting member is provided with semi-circular flaps 13<SP>1</SP> and tongues 14<SP>1</SP>, which engage in apertures 28<SP>1</SP> and recesses 24, respectively, in the rear wall portions; and a channel-shaped portion 151 to receive the upper edges of the rear wall portions. The connecting member has a hook 16<SP>1</SP> by means of which the container is suspended from a rail. The container may be closed at the front by two addition wall portions secured together by a further connecting member and closed by a lid.
Patent YU-48177-B (YU)
Title: Inhalator
Inventor: GILLES PESENTI YVAN PHILIPPE
Filed: 1991-08-07
Abstract: INHALATOR koja ima telo i ispusni ventil (16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516), pomerljiv u odnosu na telo iz položaja mirovanja u kome je sprečeno pražnjenje do radnog položaja u kome se vrši pražnjenje, naznačen t ime, što obuhvata kućište (2, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502) za inhalator, izlazni otvor (4, 104, 204, 304, 404, 504) izveden u kućištu (2, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502) kroz koji pacijent može da udiše, i jednu elastičnu savitljivu pločicu (34, 134, 234, 334, 434, 534) za zadržavanje i reagovanje na pritisak, koja ima prvi položaj u kome sprečava relativno kretanje izmedju ispus nog ventila (16, 116, 216, 316, 416, 516) i tela do radnog položaja, i drugi položaj u kome omogućuje takvo kretanje, pri čemu ta pločica (34, 134, 234, 334, 434, 534) reaguje kada se ostvari sniženi pritisak usled udisanja pacijenta i pomera se iz prvog položaja u drugi položaj reagujući na to sniženje pritiska, i što se ta pločica (34, 134, 234, 334, 434, 534) pruža izmedju prvog mesta na kućištu (2, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502) i drugog mesta na aerosolnoj kutiji (8, 108, 208, 308, 408, 508), pri čemu se ta pločica (34, 134, 234, 334, 434, 534) savija kada prelazi iz svog prvog položaja u svoj drugi položaj, ili obrnuto. - Prijava sadrži još 12 zavisnih zahteva.
Patent YU-46561-B (YU)
Title: Postupak za stabilizaciju vodenog rastvora ranitidina
Inventor: LONG D P
IPC: A61K9/00
Filed: 1987-12-11
Abstract: POSTUPAK ZA STABILIZACIJU VODENOG RASTVORA RANITIDINA, naznačen time, što se navedenom rastvoru dodaje od oko 2.5 do oko 10 mas/ zapr.% etanola i što se pH tako dobijenog rastvora podešava na oko 6.5 do 7.5. Prijava sadrži još jedan zavisan patentni zahtev.
Patent YU-49294-B (YU)
Inventor: STULIC MIROSLAV
Filed: 2001-02-21
Abstract: Automatska masina za izradu PET ambalaze duvanjem predformi unutar pokretnih alata, narocito polietilenskih flasa raznih oblika i dimenzija, namenjenih za razlicite tecnosti kao sto su samponi, deterǆenti, sokovi i slicno, pri cemu se iz kabine (1) za prihvatanje predformi (18) u rinfuzi kontinualnim elevatorom (11) predforme (18) vode na beskonacnu transportnu traku (4) koja se sastoji od uzduznog paralelopipednog kucista (26) sa odozgo izvedena dva paralelna reda, poprecno jedna od druge postavljenih, termootpornih plocica (27) od kojih je jedan red iznad grejne komore (28) sa kvarcnim grejacima (32), pri cemu se redovi na traci (4) krecu u suprotnim smerovima, tako da svaka plocica (27) potiskuje, pod pritiskom pneumatskog cilindra (30), plocicu (27) ispred sebe, a odatie, preko mehanizma (5) za prihvatanje, unosenje i duvanje predformi, do dvodelnog alata (6) za formiranje PET ambalaze koje kao gotove flase upadaju u korito (7), sto su u sklopu automatske masine i uredaj (8) za hladenje alata (6), uredaj (9) za pneumatiku i uredaj (10) za nadzor i kontrolu pri vodenju automatskog procesa, naznacena time, sto je u sklopu kabine (1) za prihvatanje predformi ucvrscen prizmaticni gornji oluk (13) za prijem predformi sa vrha vertikalnog kontinualnog elevatora (11) i ukoseni donji oluk (14) za vracanje viska predformi u kabinu (1) i sto sadrzi sprovodnik (2) za sprovodenje predformi od gornjeg oluka (13) do selektora (3) za ciklicno izdvajanje prednjeg para predformi (18) na beskonacnu transportnu traku (4), tako da su vertikalno okacene predforme (18) na traci (4) orijentisane sa grlicem okrenutim na gore. Prijava sadrzi jos pet zavisnih patentnih zahteva.
Patent ZA-813894-B (ZA)
Title: A method for the preparation of vinyl compounds
Inventor: RAY EZZELL BOBBY
IPC: C07F9/40
Filed: 1981-06-10
Abstract: Fluorovinyl compounds having the formula  TLCF=CF2  are prepared by reacting compounds having the formula  TL@@@@Z   for a time and at a temperature sufficient to from the vinyl compound:  where  X = Cl, I, or Br;  Z = F, Cl, Br, OH, NRR min , OA, or SA; R and R min  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl having one or more than one carbon atom, and aryl;  A = Alkali metal, alkali earth metal, quaternary nitrogen, or R;  L = oxygen or sulfur; and T = an alkyl or aryl radical which does not interfere with the reaction.
Patent ZA-835216-B (ZA)
Title: C-23-modified derivatives of dmt
Inventor: KIRST HERBERT ANDREW
IPC: C07H17/08
Filed: 1983-07-18
Abstract: C-23-Modified derivatives of demycinosyltylosin (DMT) of the formula: <IMAGE> 1  wherein R is iodo, bromo, chloro, fluoro, -S-R4, azido, -NHR5, pyridinium or -OSO2CF3; R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl, phenylpropionyl, phenoxyacetyl or phenylthioacetyl; R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenylpropionyl; R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenoxyacetyl; R4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6-alkyl, cyclohexyl, C1-C5-alkanoyl, optionally substituted phenyl or benzyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group selected from imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl and furanyl; and R5 is hydrogen or an acyl group selected from optionally substituted C1-C5-alkanoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl, phenylacetyl or phenylpropionyl; and salts thereof are useful antibiotics or intermediates to antibiotics.
Patent ZA-846605-B (ZA)
Title: Process and installation for manufacturing a chocolate mass
Inventor: CHAVERON HENRI
IPC: B01F7/08
Filed: 1984-08-24
Abstract: Apparatus for preparing a chocolate paste in which the various ingredients comprising at least cocoa and powdered sugar are subject to operations of grinding to a predetermined degree of particle size, of fluidification by dispersion of the particles of sugar and of cocoa into a continuous fatty phase and of degasification for the removal of water and undesirable volatile compounds. At least part of the treatment is carried out in a conveyor with several screws and an arrangement for regulating the temperature of the entrained material. After preliminary grinding of the ingredients to obtain a refined paste having the desired degree of particle size in the screw conveyor, dry-conching of the refined paste is carried out and then the liquefaction of the paste is obtained by the incorporation of additives in accordance with the receipe.
Patent ZA-883602-B (ZA)
Title: Medicament
Inventor: OWEN DAVID ANDREW ARLWYDD
IPC: A61P25/00
Filed: 1988-05-20
Abstract: Compounds of structure (I) <CHEM> in which each group R is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R<1> and R<2> are hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R<3> is hydrogen or hydroxy; and n is 1 to 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of Parkinsons Disease.
Patent ZA-902061-B (ZA)
Title: A dna probe for lactobacillus helveticus
Inventor: HOTTINGER HERBERT
IPC: C12Q1/689
Filed: 1990-03-16
Abstract: The DNA probe comprises a DNA fragment capable of hybridisation to DNA of strains of the L.helveticus species. This DNA fragment comprises a HindIII fragment of DNA from a strain of the L.helveticus species.
Patent ZA-933906-B (ZA)
Title: Method of bleaching paper pulp
Inventor: WANG DAVID L-K
IPC: D21C5/02
Filed: 1993-06-03
Abstract: Paper pulp, especially recycled paper pulp which has been deinked, is bleached in a synergistic two-stage process first with sodium bisulfite and then with sodium borohydride. The borohydride is preferably added in an aqueous mixture with sodium hydroxide. A weak acid such as acetic acid may be added to the pulp to advance further the brightness gain.
Patent ZA-937370-B (ZA)
Title: Universal microscope drape
Inventor: PEDERSON JANE MARIE
IPC: A61B19/00
Filed: 1993-10-05
Abstract: A universal inner diameter mounting ring (16) contains an annular groove (24) within its inner circumference (22), the ring being integral with a microscope drape (18). A microscope adapter housing (12) having a universal outer diameter with a protruding annular ring (26) around its circumference (28) engages the groove (24) on the mounting ring (16). The adapter engages the inner mounting threads of a microscope body at a first end (78) and the threads of an objective lens housing at a second end (30). <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-941842-B (ZA)
Title: Method of controlling pests
Inventor: WAGNER OLIVER
IPC: C07D213/84
Filed: 1994-03-16
Abstract: Process for controlling pests which involves treating the pests or the plants at threat from infestation by pests with a 2-anilinopyridine of the formula I <IMAGE>  in which   R<1> is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, substituted alkyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, halogen, CN, SCN, formyl, CH=NOR<5>, CH=NR<6> or CH<2>NHR<6>, R<5> is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, COR<7> or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, R<6> is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl,   R<2> is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl,   R<3> is hydrogen, CN, S(O)nR<8> or COR<9>,   R<8> is alkyl or substituted phenyl, R<9> is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl, and   R<4> is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy or cyano and 2-anilinopyridines, and also the use of the compounds for the production of pesticides.
Patent ZA-944814-B (ZA)
Title: Container closure assembly
Inventor: VALVYI EMERY I
IPC: B65D55/06
Filed: 1994-07-04
Abstract: A container closure assembly including a container (10), a barrier layer (20) and a closure member (21). The barrier layer and closure member completely cover the access opening (15) to the container and the barrier layer includes a weakened portion (30) thereof with a discontinuity therein which is broken open on removing the closure member. <MATH>   <MATH>
Patent ZA-946435-B (ZA)
Title: Absorbent article having composite elasticized member
Inventor: CURRO JOHN JOSEPH
IPC: A61F13/15
Filed: 1994-08-24
Abstract: Absorbent article such as disposable diapers, incontinent briefs, diaper holders, and the like, that have a unique composite member forming a portion of the elasticized side panel and the elasticized waistband. The composite member includes an elastomeric member and a three-dimensional, macroscopically expanded, formed-film member secured to at least one of the surfaces of the elastomeric member. The composite member provides the preferred bulk, elasticity, resiliency, and stiffness required to withstand the application, wear and removal stresses and provide the desired comfort during the typical wearing cycle of a disposable diaper.
Patent ZA-949067-B (ZA)
Title: A process for removing elemental sulfur from a gas stream
Inventor: BORSBOOM JOHANNES
IPC: B01D53/52
Filed: 1994-11-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing elemental sulfur which is present in a gas in the form of vapor and/or entrained particles, in which process the gas to be treated is cooled. The gas to be treated is introduced into a heat exchanger at the lower end thereof and with the aid of the temperature and/or the flow velocity of the cooling medium it is ensured that the wall of the heat exchanger has a temperature below the solidification point of sulfur and above the dew point of water, if any, present in the gas. The deposited sulfur is removed under the influence of gravity countercurrent to the gas to be treated. <IMAGE>
Patent ZA-955867-B (ZA)
Title: Triazol compounds and their use
Inventor: HELLENDAHL BEATE
IPC: C07D249/14
Filed: 1995-07-14
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/02781 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 14, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 14, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 14, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/02520 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 1, 1996The present invention relates to triazole compounds of the following formula: where R1, R2, A, B and Ar have the meanings stated in the description. The compounds according to the invention have a high affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor and can therefore be used to treat disorders which respond to dopamine D3 ligands.
Patent ZA-957283-B (ZA)
Title: Alkylbenzoylguanidine derivatives
Inventor: GERICKE ROLF
IPC: C07C279/22
Filed: 1995-08-30
Abstract: Alkylbenzoyl guanidine derivs. of formula (I) and their salts are new. R1 = A, CF3, CH2F, CHF2, C2F5, CN, NO2, halo, C  IDENTICAL  CH or XR4; R2, R3 = H, halo, A, XR4, CN, NO2, CF3, CH2F, CHF2, C2F5, CH2CF3, Ph, OPh or Het; R4 = H, A, 5-7C cycloalkyl, 6-8C cycloalkylmethyl, CF3, CH2F, CHF2; Alk = 1-8C alkyl, 3-8C cycloalkyl (opt. substd.); Het = mono- or binuclear opt. unsatd. or aromatic heterocycle contg. 1-4 N, O and/or S, bonded via N or C (opt. substd.); A = 1-6C alkyl; halo = F, Cl, Br or I; X = O, S or NR5; Ph = phenyl opt. substd.
Patent ZA-958897-B (ZA)
Title: Polyolefin compositions exhibiting heat resistivity low hexane-extractives and controlled modulus
Inventor: DEGROOT JACQUELYN A
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1995-10-20
Abstract: The subject invention provides a polymer mixture having high heat resistivity, low hexane extractive and controllably lower or higher modulus. The mixture is comprised of at least one first substantially linear ethylene polymer, Component (A), and at least one second ethylene polymer which is a homogeneously branched polymer, heterogeneously branched linear polymer or a non-short chain branched linear polymer. When fabricated into film, the mixture is characterized by a heat seal initiation temperature which is substantially lower than its Vicat softening point as well as a high ultimate hot tack strength. When fabricated as a molded article, the mixture is characterized by high microwave warp distortion while maintaining a lower modulus. The polymer mixture is particularly well-suited for use in multilayer film structures as a sealant layer for such applications as cook-in packages, hot-fill packages, and barrier shrink films. In molding applications, the mixture is well-suited as freezer-to-microwave food storage containers and lids which maintain good flexibility at low temperature to allow easy openability of such containers.
Patent ZA-959781-B (ZA)
Title: Container
Inventor: FLEWITT HARRY
IPC: B65D83/04
Filed: 1995-11-17
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/04514 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 22, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 22, 1997 PCT Filed Nov. 15, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/15959 PCT Pub. Date May 30, 1996A container for dispensing tablets in which the dispensing opening and/or a dispensing passage upstream of the dispensing opening is constricted such that a tablet is releasably retained with part of the tablet projecting outside of the dispensing opening. The part of the rim of the dispensing opening or an adjacent part of the container is movable relative to the rest of the container so as to facilitate the release of the retained tablet from the container.
Patent ZA-976281-B (ZA)
Title: A method and a machine for making packaging bags using a flexible film, and a packaging bag obtained thereby.
Inventor: BOIS HENRI GEORGES
IPC: B65B9/20
Filed: 1997-07-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of automatically forming, filling, and closing reclosable packaging bags based on a film of flexible material, e.g. a thermoplastic material, provided with added-on strips and in particular complementary male and female slideway closure strips, the method comprising the steps consisting in: providing a feed of flexible film; providing a feed of strips; and fixing the strips on the film by heat sealing; wherein: the step of feeding strips consists in providing a tape of flexible material carrying the complementary strips; and the step of fixing consists in heat sealing the tape onto the film prior to feeding the resulting assembly to the tube-forming neck of an automatic machine for forming, filling, and closing packaging bags. The invention also relates to machines for implementing the method and to the resulting bags.
Patent GB-2383946-B (GB)
Title: A powered adjustable chair having an occupant sensing system.
Inventor: REES JOHN CHRISTOPHER
IPC: A47C1/024
Filed: 2001-11-22
Granted: 2005-07-20
Abstract: A reconfigurable chair arranged for ease of operation by an elderly or disabled person, to change configuration to assist a person in sitting and standing, to limit the risk of a person becoming trapped in the operating mechanisms thereof and/or comprising means for sensing an abnormal load condition.
Patent GB-2378945-B (GB)
Title: High temperature/high pressure colour change of diamond
Inventor: BURNS ROBERT CHARLES
IPC: C01B31/06
Filed: 2001-04-02
Granted: 2004-08-25
Abstract: A method is provided for changing the colour of a brown type IIa diamond from brown to pink. The method involves subjecting the diamond to selected conditions of elevated temperature and elevated pressure to produce the colour change.
Patent GB-2395670-B (GB)
Title: Apparatus for making crackers
Inventor: PILLINGER DAVID
IPC: B65B15/04
Filed: 1999-08-10
Granted: 2004-07-14
Abstract: Apparatus for making cracker comprises three distinct sections. In the first section cracker snaps are assembled into bandoliers (Figs. 2, 3), in the second section the snaps are glued to cracker blanks (Figs. 4-6) and in a third operation the blanks are formed into cylinders (Figs. 7, 8). To assemble the snaps into a bandolier, they are laid between projections (16, Fig. 3) and sandwiched between tapes (20, 22, Fig. 3) moved round on a cylindrical carrier (13, Fig. 3). Such a bandolier is fed to another cylindrical carrier (38, Fig. 6) and the leading snap is severed to drop between fingers (40, Fig. 6) of the carrier. Each snap is brought to the bottom of the carrier where a blank is raised so that the ends of the snap adhere to the blank. The blank with its snap is moved on underneath a tubular mandrel 50 which is lowered to bend the blank into U-section. Suction through apertures 51 in the mandrel retain the edge portions of the blank to the tube as they are successively bent over by arms 61 with rollers 65 to adhere together. The mandrel is then raised and the now cylindrical blank is removed by an endless belt 55 co-operating with the glued seam.
Patent GB-2415369-B (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to shower cubicles
Inventor: STIMPSON ROBERT WILLIAM
IPC: A47K3/28
Filed: 2004-06-24
Granted: 2009-11-18
Abstract: A connector (34) for connecting adjacent shower cubicle panels (10') comprising a first part (36) having a first elongate channel portion (22c) for receiving an edge of a first shower cubicle panel (10'), and a male connector portion (42); a second part (38) having a second elongate channel portion (22c) for receiving an edge of a second shower cubicle panel (10'), and a female connector portion (50) complementarily or substantially complementarily shaped to receive the male connector portion (42) of the first part (36) of the connector; and a sealing element (40) which is interposable between at least part of the first and second parts (36, 38) of the connector for preventing or limiting liquid passing through the in use connector and for preventing disengagement of the first and second parts when the male connector portion of the connector is engaged with the female connector portion.
Patent GB-2405027-B (GB)
Title: Storage device having a probe with a tip to form a groove in a storage medium
Inventor: ADELMANN TODD C
IPC: G11B11/26
Filed: 2004-08-06
Granted: 2006-10-11
Abstract: A storage device comprises a probe having a tip. The storage device also comprises a storage medium, with the tip of the probe to form the groove in the storage medium. The probe tip interacts with a surface of the groove to store and read data.
Patent GB-2428671-B (GB)
Title: Method for the manufacture of carbon fibre-reinforced ceramic brake or clutch disks
Inventor: FARIA JULIO JOSEPH
IPC: C04B35/573
Filed: 2005-07-29
Granted: 2011-08-31
Abstract: Highly effective carbon fibre-reinforced ceramic automotive brake and clutch discs are manufactured by siliconising incompletely densified carbon-carbon fibre preforms produced by a single stage and relatively short duration (e.g. 7-14 day) chemical vapour infiltration process.