Patent GB-548276-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of sulphonic derivatives of organic materials
Filed: 1940-12-18
Abstract: 548,276. Emulsifying agents. COLGATEPALMOLIVE-PEET CO. Dec. 18, 1940, No. 17823. Convention date, Dec. 20, 1939. [Class 1 (i)] [Also in Group IV] A saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is treated with sulphurylchloride in the presence of light and, as an activating agent, a labile inorganic nonmetallic element or compound capable of proceeding to a higher state of oxidation. The following activating agents are mentioned: chlorine, sulphurdioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur, thionylehloride, selenium, seleniumdioxide, tellurium, telluriumdioxide, seleniumsulphide, seleniumoxychloride, sulphurchloride, carbonbisulphide, hydrogensulphide, carbonylsulphide, mixtures thereof and compounds forming them under the reaction condition such as phosphoruspentachloride, formic acid, phosgene, oxalic acid, bisulphites, thiosulphates, polythionates, thiocyanates and sulphides. The resulting sulphochlorides may be purified by mixing with liquid sulphurdioxide and hexane to farm two layers separating the hexane layer and driving off the sulphur dioxide from the other. On hydrolysis with caustic soda, bleaching with chlorine and blowing with gases such as nitrogen or flue gases, the sulphonate may be further purified by extracting the unsaponifiable material with ether or gasoline and inorganic salts with ethyl or butyl alcohol or by dialysis. The process may be conducted continuously in packed towers, hydrocarbons such as hexane, docosane, paraffin wax, kerosene, lubricating oils or virgin or cracked gas oil of paraffinic, asphaltic or naphthenic base may be treated. The latter may be first purified by treating with sulphuric acid, clay or silicagel or by extraction with liquid sulphur dioxide, propane, cresylic acid, phenol, furfural, sulphurdioxide and benzene. Besides sodium sulphonates, salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, ammonia, ethanolamines, aminotrimethylolmethane, amylamines, methylamine, aniline and pyridine may be obtaned, by using the base for saponification of the sulphurchloride or by double decomposition in a solvent such as acetone, butylalcohol, dioxane, monoglycerides, and ethyleneglycolmonoethylether. In examples, sulphochlorides are obtained from fractions of gas oil and heptadecane, using chlorine, sulphurdioxide and carbon monoxide as activating agents and a tungsten or mercury vapour lamp for generating the light. The sulphonates are stated to have emulsifying properties and may be used in association with alkalimetal and amine soaps, resins, higher alcohol-sulphates, monoglyceridesulphates, sulphonated mineral oils, Turkey red oil, lecithin, glycerol-amines ethanolamines, borax, salts such as sodium carbonate, hexametaphosphate, silicate, acetate, citrate, perborate, hypochlorite, thiosulphite and hydrosulphite, acids and esters, dyes, lakes, pigments, abrasives, silica, pumice, feldspar chalk, infusorial earth, bentonite, talc, starch, carbontetrachloride, perchlorethylene, glycerine, alcohol, tetrahydrofurfurylalcohol, phenol, cyclohexanol, pine oil, mineral oils, perfumes, deodorants, fats, oils, vitamins, waxes, gums, glue, phenylmerourychloride or nitrate, aluminium chloride, adrenalin and cephalin. They may be used in bleaching, dyeing, dry cleaning, mercerizing, softening, lubricating, discharging compositions, lavatory and radiator cleaners, paint and grease removers, tooth and mouth detergents, shampoos, cosmetics, lubricants, depilatories, antiseptics, insecticides, dust preventing, fire extinguishing, antifreezing, antifogging, autocorrosion, metal pickling, etching and demulsifying compositions, wood impregnants, electrolytic baths, tanning agents, fatliquors, photographic solutions, lipolytics, cements, water paints, shellac and casein containing adhesives and resins and plasticizers such as sulphonamides and sulphonamide-aldehyde condensation products.