Patent GB-1478259-A (GB)
Title: Recovery of mixed plastics materials
IPC: B29B11/00
Filed: 1975-07-21
Abstract: 1478259 Mixing plant; sorting refuse G EMERY 21 July 1975 [31 July 1974] 30484/75 Headings B1C and B2H [Also in Divisions B5, C3 and F4] Plastics domestic refuse comprising a mixture of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride with casein e.g. as milk, is ground into particles and made into a moulding material of required composition by hot compounding therewith a further plastics composition which includes sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate for exercising a disinfecting function and neutralising the degradative effect which would otherwise arise from caramelisation of the casein when hot, and also includes chlorinated polyethylene for binding the polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. The amount of further composition may be determined by a ballistic analysis of the particles. The plastics of the refuse may also comprise polystyrene, polypropylene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and the required composition preferably comprises, to a tolerance of  10%, relative weight proportions of 75% polyvinylchloride and 25% polyethylene. The further plastics composition may comprise 5 to 20 parts by weight, per 100 parts of particles, and may include 1-20 parts, and preferably 3-7 parts, of pure plastics materials for 100 parts of the particles.  Stabilisers e.g. of the α-phenylindol type, may be incorporated to stabilise the polyvinyl chloride, together with lubricants, and materials conferring shock resisting properties e.g. methyl acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Specified plasticisers for the polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene may also be incorporated as well as carbonates or silica fillers, and foaming agents, polyvinyl chloride, fibres, low density polyethylene or specified ethylene co-opolymers, or high density polyethylene when more than 5 parts by weight of pure plastics are added to particles including low density polyethylene. The moulding material may be moulded with an outer surface defined by pure, stabilised, and coloured P.V.C. electrostatically deposited on the walls of the mould. The material may be moulded into flagstones, insulation panels, or partitions for the building industry, furniture, reels, pegs, or blades. The refuse, Fig. 1, is conveyed from a storage area 2 to a grinding mill 3, via conveyor belts 4 provided with an anti-grease coating and passing beneath a magnetic separator 5, for ferrous material. The mill 3 is of the knife, or ballistic type and permits the removal of further high density metals 7, with the ground particles being delivered, by a conveyor 8, to a separator 9 employing a magnetic field to remove remaing ferrous, or non-ferrous metals at 10. A conveyor 11 delivers the ground particles from the separator 9 to a mixer 12, from which samples are taken for the analysis by the ballistic sorter 13. The materials of the further plastics composition to be hot compounded with the particles are, prior to mixing with the ground particles in the mixer 12, mixed together in a mixer 28 which may be a ribbon blender, or use varying speed screws. The mixture from the mixer 12 is hot compounded into the moulding material in either an extruder 30 which is preceeded by a drier 29, or a degassing extruder 31, or a multiple roll mixer 32, the moulding material then being either granulated, profiled or subjected to a moulding cycle at 52. The ballistic sorter 13, Fig. 2, comprises a hopper feeding the ground particles, via a distributor 15, into the delivery duct 16 of a blower 17 from what an air jet delivers entrained particles into a chamber 18, having an upper ventilation cone and a pair of lower outlet hoppers 21, 22, spaced sequentially from the outlet of the duct 16 and to which the air jet respectively projects the lighter particles e.g. of dust, paper, and expanded polystyrene, and the heavier particles which fall from the hopper 22 into a tank 24 through which water circulates from a lower inlet 25 to upper and lower outlets 26, 27, from which are respectively removed, for weighing, the light particles e.g. polyethylene, floating on the water, and the heavier particles e.g. polyvinylchloride, sinking in the water. The drier 29, Fig. 3, comprises a stainless steel cylinder 34, provided with ventilation ports 39, electrical heating elements 38, and insulation 37, through which the mixture is conveyed from a hopper 33, by a worm 35 which is driven by a variable speed motor 36 and comprises sequential sections 35a, b, and c of progressively larger pitch, fixed to a tubular shaft 35d. The multiple roll mixing apparatus, Fig. 4, comprises a hopper 41 delivering, via a rotary valve 42, to sequential mixing nips comprising contra-rotating rollers 43, 46, and 44, 47, and 45, 48, and from which the material issuing is formed into a sheet between the nip of contra-rotating rollers 49, 50, at which fibrous fillers may be added. Each mixing nip comprises a smooth roll i.e. rolls 46, 47, 48, and a roll i.e. rolls 43, 47, 45, having at each end a thread e.g. 47a, 47b, of opposite kind to that at the other end, so that the material is urged from both ends towards the centre of the nip.