baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-545401-A (GB)
Title: Amplitude range control in a signal transmission system
IPC: H04B3/06
Filed: 1941-04-25
Abstract: 545,401. Automatic volume control. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. April 25, 1941, No. 5353. Convention date, May 2, 1940. [Class 40 (v)] To improve the operation of a volume range expander or compressor so as to minimize the effects of noise or fading, the time constant of the volume control circuit of an amplifier is automatically varied in accordance with the rate of variation of the input of the amplifier. In Fig. 1, a telephone circuit T.C. feeds through an input transformer T1 a variable amplifier VA having an output T2. A delay circuit D2 prevents the application of a signal to the amplifier VA until after the forward-acting control circuit has adjusted the gain. The common part of the grid-cathode circuits of the variable amplifier VA include a condenser C3 the voltage across which determines the gain of the amplifier. Across C3 are connected in series a gas discharge tube CT, circuit C4, R6 and a thermionic impedance V3. Gain control potentials are fed to C3 by a circuit comprising transformer T5, full wave rectifier F3 and discharge tube CT. The time constant of the control circuit is adjusted by varying the impedance of V3 by means of voltages from a comparison circuit comprising transformers T3, T4 fed from either side of a delay network D1 and feeding full-wave rectifiers F1, F2 so that the difference in voltage across condensers C1, C2 is proportional to the rate of variation of a signal in TC. This differential voltage is fed through a reversing switch S to the grid of V3 so that the impedance-of V3 and hence the time constant of the gain control circuit is varied according to the rate of variation on the signal input to the amplifier VA. When switch S is set to the left-hand position, the arrangement is such that a sharp signal such as a key click operates to increase the time constant of the control circuit and the gain is not increased, whereas a slowly varying signal reduces the time constant and allows volume expansion. If switch S is set to the right conditions are reversed and are suitable for volume compression. A modification is described (Fig. 2, not shown) for a single side-band radio receiver in which the variable amplifier is in the single side band channel and the control circuit is operated by the carrier. In this case the time constant of the control circuit is a function of the rate of change of the carrier envelope, and a marginal relay is provided to prevent any change in gain after the carrier has faded below a predetermined value.
Patent GB-602739-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in tobacco pipes
IPC: A24F9/16
Filed: 1945-03-05
Abstract: 602,739. Tobacco pipes. MAERSCHALK, F. A. H. March 5, 1945, No. 5394. Convention date, Sept. 16, 1943. [Class 130] The bowl 1 and stem 2 of a pipe, preferably made of meerschaum, are fitted with a protective casing 3 of leather, skin, or other supple material, the meeting edges 5 of which are fastened by stitching, gumming, or by press-studs. The casing may have coloured designs impressed on it and a pad 4 may be provided for greater protection against breakage of the pipe.
Patent GB-724428-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gyroscopic instruments
IPC: G01C25/00
Filed: 1953-02-27
Abstract: 724,428. Gyroscopic apparatus. SPERRY CORPORATION. Feb. 27, 1953 [March 14, 1952], No. 5528/53. Class 97 (3). A gyroscopic instrument comprises a housing, a rotor frame mounted in the housing with freedom of angular movement about two mutually perpendicular axes by means of a gimbal ring, locking means adapted, when operated, to lock the gimbal ring about one of said axes, and a starting circuit, including means for causing the rotor to spin and including means adapted to be operated automatically to render and maintain the locking means effective during a predetermined portion of the acceleration period of the rotor when precessing torques act on the rotor frame to centralize it. The gyro vertical shown can be used to provide an automatic pilot reference or control signals to a visual indicator and comprises a housing 10 for mounting in an aircraft. The rotor frame 14 is pivoted in a gimbal 11 in the housing and is normally erected, as described in Specification 633,954, by balls in a container rotatable by the gyro rotor which is spun by an electric motor, roll and pitch pick-off's 22, 25 normally transmitting control signals via leads 27, 28. These pick-offs, the rotor motor and a device 29 for locking the gimbal ring and consisting of an electromagnet 30, fixed to housing 10, and an armature 31 connected at 36 to the gimbal ring, are included in the starting circuit of the instrument. This circuit includes ganged starting switches 37, 38, 39 of which the latter connects with a D.C. source and the other two with A.C. sources and, on closure thereof, the electromagnet 30 and relays 41 and 43 are energized. The attraction between the electromagnet 30 and armature 31 subjects the gimbal 11 to a quick-setting torque whereby the rotor frame 14 is centralized and locked about the gimbal axis when the armature engages a central pole 33 of the electromagnet. Simultaneous operation of relay 43 causes the rotors and stators of the pick-offs 22, 25 to be energized at different voltage levels so that these pick-offs apply additional torques about both axes. After 5 seconds, a thermal relay 44 closes and contacts in a relay 42 close, to energize the rotor motor so that the gyro rotor accelerates up to speed. Two seconds later,-a thermal relay 45 disables the starting circuit to de-energize the locking device 29 and restore the pick-offs 22, 25 to normal operation. The rotor then continues to accelerated up to speed, the erection device serving to erect the rotor frame to a position in which the rotor axis is vertical or nearly so. The time for which relay 43 and device 29 are energized is changed when the ambient temperature is below a certain value (e.g.- 30‹ C.) by a thermostat 46 opening a switch 88 so that a resistance 106 is included in the circuit to relay 45 and delays its opening for, say, 30 seconds. In an alternative embodiment, the pick-offs 22, 25 are not used to apply torques to the gimbal ring and the gyro rotor is caused to start spinning as soon as the locking device 29 is energized.
Patent GB-286450-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in liquid level indicating mechanism
IPC: G01F23/36
Filed: 1927-02-28
Abstract: 286,450. Damsel, W. B. Feb. 28, 1927. Indicators, electric.-A fuel level indicator for use in a motor vehicle comprises a casing 2 having an integral wall 3 spaced from the back 4 in which is a socket 5 to receive an electric lamp 6 with a contact terminal 8 connected by a wire 9 to a battery. A switch unit has a flexible conductor C comprising a number of insulated wires 11 which are led to the indicator through the back 4 to a number of circularly arranged contact posts 12. A metal block 13 has a threaded extension and nut 15 which clamps the back 4 to the casing. To the front of the block 13 a. graduated disc 17 is secured by a screw together with a frame 18 which has bearings for a hand 20 pivoted to move over the disc. At the opposite end of the spindle 19 a contact finger 22 is provided which can be brought successively into engagement with the contacts 12. The spindle 19 is operated from a stem 27 through gearing 23, 24 and is normally rotated to the zero reading on the indicator by a spring 26. A glass dial 29 is provided over the disc 17. On rotating the stem 27 the lamp 6 will illuminate the dial when the hand 20 indicates the liquid level in the tank, and in addition the lamp lights automatically when the liquid level is low. The switch unit comprises a casing E, Fig. 7, mounted in the top of the tank, which is insulated and sealed against moisture. An insulating block 45 within the casing has a number of circularly arranged contact posts 44 which are connected by wires 11 to the posts 12 in the indicator. Depending from the casing E is a telescopic tubular support comprising sections 46, 47 which are held in longitudinal adjustment by a band 48. An axially rotatable shaft 51 carries a switch arm 52 which successively engages the posts 44, and at the lower end of this shaft a, guide 54 is provided in which a pivoted float arm 59 can move and translate its vertical movements into rotary movements of the shaft owing to the helical shape of the guide slot. The arm 52 is in consequence successively engaged with the contacts 44 and with the various circuits leading to the switch. When the liquid level in the tank recedes to a predetermined level, the arm 52 automatically completes a circuit and a constant warning is registered of the depleted state of the fuel tank.
Patent GB-1194471-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Dynamo-Electric Machines
Inventor: FRITSCH ZDENEK
IPC: H02K1/18
Filed: 1968-02-05
Abstract: 1,194,471. Core constructions. PAL-MAGNETON, NARODNI PODNIK. 5 Feb., 1968 [13 Feb., 1967], No. 5627/68. Heading H2A. In a dynamo-electric machine comprising a stator body and two half-shells 2, 3, Fig. 1, of a housing and in which the stator body comprises identical circular laminations 8, Fig. 3, slotted in their outer periphery, the laminations are arranged in groups having the slots in alignment and the slots of the axially outer groups are out of alignment with the slots of the inner group or groups, inwardly projecting shoulders 6 on the half-shells are located in the slots of the outer groups and engage the outer surfaces of the inner group or groups, and a clamping member holds the assembled machine together. As shown, there are three groups of laminations, each lamination having slots 7 in its outer periphery and the laminations are secured together by rivets or bolts passing through the holes 9. The laminations and half-shells 2, 3 are clamped together by the bolts 4.
Patent GB-716242-A (GB)
Title: Methods for contacting separate gaseous streams with a finely divided solid, and apparatus therefor
IPC: B01J8/38
Filed: 1951-03-08
Abstract: <PICT:0716242/III/1> Separate gaseous streams are contacted with finely divided solid maintained as a fluidized bed in two separate contacting vessels 10, 14, solid is circulated continuously from one vessel to the other through U-shaped conduits 20, 27, and the rate of flow of solid is controlled without the use of mechanical control valves by introducing regulated amounts of aerating medium into the upper part of the upflow portion of one or both of the U-conduits in order to reduce the density and create a pressure differential between the upflow and downflow legs of the U-conduit: the lower portions of the conduits 20, 27 form gas seals which prevent reversal of flow, formation of gas bubbles, and mixing of the different gaseous media used in the two vessels.  In a process for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, the oil feed is introduced at 13 and cracking takes place in vessel 10; catalyst is withdrawn via stripping zone 17 and passes through conduit 20 to vessel 14 where it is regenerated with air; the air is supplied by blower 38 through pipe 37 to the bottom of the regenerator a part being diverted by booster blower 35 through pipe 36 to the upflow portion of U-conduit 20.  Regenerated calalyst returns to the reactor through standpipe 25 and U-conduit 27.  Regeneration gas outlet valve 46 is automatically controlled to maintain a constant pressure differential between the reactor and regenerator.  The temperature in the reactor is maintained constant by controller 51 which regulates blower 35 so as to vary the rate of circulation the reaction temperature may also be controlled by varying the amount or temperature of the feed.  Safety valves 54, 55 close when there is a fall in the rate of catalyst flow measured by the pressure drop across venturi 53, 56; steam or an inert gas may be automatically introduced if the flow of oil feed or air drops. Auxiliary burner 40 supplies heat to the catalyst during the starting-up period.  The superficial gas velocity in the reactor and regenerator may be as high as 6-8 ft. per sec. (preferably 2.5-3 ft. per sec.)  In a modification, Fig. 2 (not shown), an annular stripping zone is provided in the reactor, the grids supporting the catalyst in the two vessels are omitted, and an external standpipe is provided for the regenerated catalyst. Other processes which may be performed according to the invention are hydroforming of napththas, thermal cracking of carbonaceous materials using an inert solid as heat carrier, and distillation of oil from oil shale with roasting of the spent shale and recycling to the distilling vessel to provide heat.
Patent GB-671250-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions
IPC: C10M145/14
Filed: 1950-03-07
Abstract: Acrylic or methacrylic acid esters or mixtures thereof, in which the ester radical contains an alkyl group of 7-16 carbon atoms derived from an Oxo-alcohol, and a second ester of the general formula <FORM:0671250/IV (a)/1> where R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. an acrylate or methacrylate ester of methyl, ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-decyl, undecyl, lauryl, tetradecyl and octadecyl alcohols or mixed alcohols derived from the hydrogenation of coconut oil, are copolymerized by heating in the presence of a catalyst, e.g. benzoyl, acetyl or cumene peroxide, t.-butyl hydroperoxide or preferably a redox combination such as benzoin, benzoyl peroxide and ferric laurate or iron salts of coconut oil or tallow fatty acids, in solution in, e.g. toluene, heptane, kerosene, gas oil, an alcohol or ether or in emulsion.  Any volatile solvent remaining is removed by distillation or evaporation.  A diluent such as a sulphur-containing oil, i.e. containing mercaptans, thiophenes, thiophenols, sulphides or polysulphides may be present.  The oxo-alcohols are made by reacting a mono-olefine, e.g. propylene and butylene, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at 300-400 DEG  F. under elevated pressure in the presence of a catalyst to give an aldehyde which is then hydrogenated.  The copolymers may be used as viscosity index improvers and pour-point depressants in hydrocarbon lubricating or hydraulic oils or power transmission fluids.  Specification 618,691 is referred to.ALSO:Lubricating oil additives comprise copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic esters, or mixtures thereof, in which the ester radical is an alkyl group of 7-16 carbon atoms, derived from an alcohol prepared by an Oxo synthesis applied to, e.g., propylene and butylene, and a second ester of general formula <FORM:0671250/III/1> where R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g., an acrylate or methacrylate ester of methyl, ethyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-decyl, undecyl, lauryl, tetradecyl and octadecyl alcohols or mixed alcohols derived from cocoanut oil hydrogenation.  They are used as viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants in hydrocarbon motor, or hydraulic oils and in power transmission fluids.  Specification 618,691 is referred to.
Patent GB-491088-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for destroying refuse
IPC: F23G5/20
Filed: 1937-02-25
Abstract: 491,088. Refuse-consuming furnaces. DORSCHEL, C. Feb. 25, 1937, No. 5707. [Class 51 (i)] A rotary refuse-consuming furnace in which refuse is, in a first stage, dried degasefied and brought to ignition temperature and in a second stage brought to combustion and finally sintered, is provided at one end with a burner supplying a heating flame which sweeps through the furnace and contains in its side walls charging and discharging openings and air inlet openings. The furnace shown in Fig. 1 is provided with a burner 2 and openings 3 in the side walls which may be closed by covers 4 or by nozzle boxes 5 which are mounted on annular frames. After the furnace has been charged through the openings 3 the covers 4 are placed over the openings 3 and the refuse is heated by radiation from the walls retaining heat from a previous charge and by the burner 2 until it is in a glowing condition. The nozzle boxes 5 are then moved over the openings 3 and the furnace is rotated, air being supplied to the nozzles boxes 5 from an annular pipe 12 and branch pipes 11. Partitions are provided in the pipe 12 so that the pipes 11 and nozzle boxes 5 receive air only when the nozzle boxes are covered by the charge. If after the combustion period the slag remaining is to be sintered the nozzle boxes are replaced by the covers and the temperature is raised by the burner 2 to liquefy the slag which is discharged through the openings 3. The furnace may be heated at either end by a reversible flame and may be of oval cross section. The openings 3 may be arranged on one side only of the furnace and as shown in Fig. 8, the furnace may be divided into two chambers 19, 20 which are charged and fired alternately, the gases from one chamber being led through the other. Fig. 10 shows a further modification in which two rotary chambers 21, 22 are employed connected by a flue by which the chambers may communicate with each other or with the chimney. Burners 23, 24 are provided and the refuse is dried, burnt and sintered in each chamber alternately. Air nozzles may be provided in the walls in addition to the nozzle boxes.
Patent GB-608453-A (GB)
Title: Multi coloured synthetic gems and process for making same
IPC: C30B29/26
Filed: 1946-02-25
Abstract: 608,453. Gems. LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO. Feb. 25, 1946, No. 5738. Convention date. March 17, 1945. Drawings to Specification. [Class 43] A multi-coloured . synthetic gem is formed by passing into a fusing zone and gradually accumulating by crystallization on a support, 'a number of different gem constituents in sequence. To make long, thin, multi-coloured unicrystalline rods of synthetic corundum, apparatus having a detachable powder dispenser, is used. The basket contained by a dispenser is, for instance, filled with pure alumina powder and an initial length of rod is grown as clear sapphire; then rod growth is stopped while the first dispenser is replaced by one containing a basket filled with alumina powder containing about 1 per cent Cr2 O3 as. a pigment; rod growth is resumed and a layer of ruby is formed on the first layer. Further layers of the same or different colours may be added, each section being homogeneous in colour. A multi-coloured spinel single crystal is made by fusing a powder composition containing between 8 per cent and 28 per cent magnesia with the balance alumina for clear spinel; small quantities of pigments being added for different colours. Instead of changing the dispenser in order to produce different coloured layers, a single hopper may be filled with powders of different compositions in horizontal strata. Layers of different shades may be produced by varying the composition of the powders. Corundum and spinel can be made in boule form with different coloured layers by following the procedure of U.S.A. Specification 988,230 and changing the composition of the powders.
Patent GB-325999-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to couplings for railway and like vehicles
IPC: B61G3/04
Filed: 1929-02-21
Abstract: 325,999. Eaton, G. H. Feb. 21, 1929. Couplings, automatic. -An automatic coupling is provided with a hollow shank A2, Fig. 5, which engages with a slotted draw-bar S and abuts a spring T, the front of the coupling being provided with buffing surfaces U which, when the couplings are engaged, prevent vertical disconnection of the locking tongues B and prevent any buffing strains being transmitted thereto. The tongue B is pivoted at B2 and is provided with a slotted lug C in which works a pin D attached to a horizontal block F sliding in guides Q2. The block is perforated to receive a key H, Fig. 6, guided in vertical recesses I, J in the casing. The key H is recessed at one side, the boundary of which is H2, H3, and a vertical slot L is formed in the recessed part through which a bar N attached to an internal arm N2 passes. Cams 1, 2 are attached to the bar N and a cam 3 is pivoted to the walls of the case. The cam 3 is provided with an anticreeping device in the form of a pin P which drops over the cam 1 in the locked position of the coupling and is turned from that position by the short end of the cam 2 when the arm N2 is turned from the side of the vehicle. The cam 1 prevents any lifting of the key H by the contact of a surface 1A with a surface H2 on the key and when the arm N2 is turned for unlocking the coupling the point of the cam passes through an inclined slot F3 in the block F and the top portion of the cam engages the ledge H3 to raise the key. The long arm of the cam 2 works in an inclined slot F2, Fig. 2, formed in the outer side of the block F and moves the latter rearwardly to open the tongue B; a projection K being formed on the key H which rests on the upper surface of the block F when the coupling is unlocked. A flat spring, fixed to the casing, bears on a flat-sided collar mounted on the bar N. A projection E, Fig. 5, on the tongue B abuts the block F in the closed position of the coupling and a jaw R guides the opposing tongue B into engagement and when the couplings are locked together permits of pivotal movement. The coupling is unlocked by raising the arm N2 from the side of the vehicle, this rotates the cam 2 to tilt the cam 3 with its locking pin P from the top of cam 1 which-rotates and engages the ledge H3 to raise the key H to the limit of slot L. The cam 2 then engages the incline F2 on the block to slide the latter rearwardly so that the projection K rests on the upper surface thereof and the tongue B is thrown open. A pin O, Fig. 5, carries an ordinary screw-coupling for use during the transition period.
Patent GB-731070-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in labelling apparatus
Inventor: ROSE ALFRED GERMAN
IPC: B65C3/14
Filed: 1952-03-06
Abstract: 731,070. Labelling machines. ROSE BROS. (GAINSBOROUGH), Ltd. March 27, 1953 [March 6,1952], No. 5812/52. Class 73. Spaced bottles 17 in upright positions are fed on a continuous conveyer 18 between a rotary label carrier 12 with peripheral curved pick-up surfaces 13 adapted by suction to extract labels successively from a magazine 32 and an endless band 19 driven in the same direction as the conveyor 18 by a roller 21 resiliently urged towards the carrier 12. the speeds of the conveyer 18 and band 19 and the peripheral speed of the pick-up surfaces 13 being substantially equal, so that labels extracted by the pick-up surfaces and rendered adhesive are rolled on and thus applied to. the bottles 17. Adhesive may be applied to the labels by a gumming roller 16 or, in the case of heat-activated adhesive labels, heaters may be incorporated in the carrier 12 or the pick-up surfaces 13 caused to pass near heated members. The bottles 17 are positively spaced in timed relationship with the movement of the surfaces 13 by rotatable worm 23. Suction is applied to each surface 13 through two separate. chambers 26, 27 and as the surface reaches the applying station, the leading chamber 26 moves out of influence of a common suction part 28 to cut off suction from the chamber as the rolling action commences, a similar action following in respect of the chamber 27. The application of the labels is consolidated by the band 19 pressing the bottles against a further resilient band 29, plates 31 being spring-urged against the bands. The label magazine 32 is arranged to oscillate about a vertical axis 33 in timed relationship with the movement of the pick-up surfaces 13 as described in Specification 723,131, so that during extraction the leading label is moving with a pick-up surface 13 in the same direction and at the same speed as that surface.