Patent GB-607945-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the solvent treatment of mineral oils
IPC: C07C7/10
Filed: 1943-01-05
Abstract: <PICT:0607945/III/1> Mineral oils are separated into fractions by extraction in one or more stages with a solvent comprising a predominant proportion of liquid ammonia together with a modifying solvent.  The solvent mixture in at least one of the stages has a dissolving power not greater than (and preferably less than) that of liquid ammonia, but the latter itself, or a mixture thereof with a minor proportion of a modifying solvent which increases the dissolving power, may be used in another stage or stages.  Specified solvents which increase the dissolving capacity of the ammonia are higher glycols, ethers and ether alcohols, methanol and other alcohols, alcohol-amines, aniline, pyridine, the methylamines and other low molecular weight aliphatic amines.  Specified solvents which decrease the dissolving capacity are water, ethylene glycol, formamide, ethylene diamine and some aromatic paraffinic hydrocarbons.  Various methods of procedure are indicated.  For example, the oil may be extracted first in a zone with a modified liquid ammonia solvent of high dissolving capacity, and then in a second zone with a solvent of lower dissolving capacity.  Further, a modifying solvent or solvents may be added to a countercurrent treating system at several points to control the solubility and selectivity of the solvent within the proper limits as the composition of the treated oil changes.  The temperature conditions may range from 0 DEG  to 150 DEG  F., preferably from 60 DEG  to 100 DEG  F., and the pressure is adjusted to maintain all the constituents in the liquid state, generally from 100 to 200 lbs. per sq. inch.  In a preferred arrangement of apparatus for extraction with ammonia containing a modifying solvent that decreases the solvent power, the feed mixture is introduced by a line 10 into a countercurrent treating tower 11 while ammonia and modifying agent are introduced by line 12 from tanks 33 and 41 respectively.  Further quantities of modifying agent are introduced at points along the tower by lines 84, 85.  The solvent extract phase withdrawn by line 13 is passed through a heat exchanger to an extracting zone 21 together with additional quantities of modifying agent introduced by line 16.  Further quantities of modifying agent are introduced through lines 80, 81 and the extract finally passed to a settler 45. Part of the hydrocarbons settling in the tank 45 are recycled through the line 46 to the extraction zone, while the remainder is passed through an evaporator 50 from which ammonia is recovered in the condenser 54 while the extract passes to another evaporator 57 working at higher pressure than the evaporator 50.  The extract is then passed to a distillation column 65 and the extract oil finally withdrawn by the line 200.  Recovered solvent and modifying agent are returned to the tanks 33 and 41.  The raffinate is withdrawn through the line 25 and mixed with an additional quantity of the modifying agent from the line 26 and passed to a distillation zone 202 to remove solvent by line 32 while the raffinate oil together with modifying agent passes to a settler 37 from which raffinate is withdrawn while modifying agent is passed back to the tank 41. In another example illustrating the use of a modifying agent which increases the solvent power of ammonia, viz. monomethylamine, a part of the modifying agent is removed after the first extraction and the residue is fractionated and stripped with ammonia vapour to remove the last trace of methylamine, after which it is passed to an extraction tower to which water is admitted at various points to produce the correct solubility in ammonia and effect separation.  The raffinate is also treated with a modifying agent which reduces the dissolving power of ammonia, such as water, prior to distillation. Specifications 607,946, 607,947, 607,948 and 607,949 are referred to.