baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-721620-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of guanidine sulphamate
Inventor: MILLS JAMES ROLAND
Filed: 1952-05-29
Abstract: Guanidine sulphamate is prepared by reacting at a temperature above 200 DEG  C. in a closed reaction zone at least one compound selected from the group consisting of urea, biuret and cyanuric acid with ammonium sulphamate in the presence of added ammonia and under a pressure of ammonia greater than atmospheric, the reactants being substantially free from water and the ammonium sulphamate being present in the mol. ratio equivalent to at least about 2 mols. ammonium sulphamate per mol. urea and recovering guanidine sulphamate from the reaction mixture.  The added ammonia is preferably introduced in the liquid state with the other reactants into the reaction vessel; in general, sufficient is used to provide a pressure of 200 to 4000 p.s.i. or higher. Preferred reaction temperatures are from about 250 DEG  to 330 DEG  C., the reaction time being insufficient to form substantial amounts of heterocyclic compounds such as melamine and ammeline which are otherwise formed.  Normally, ammonium sulphamate is reacted with urea but all or part of the latter may be replaced by biuret and/or cyanuric acid.  The process, which may be operated batch-wise or continuous should be carried out in apparatus lined with corrosion-resistant material.  The recovery of the guanidine sulphamate may be effected by cooling the reaction mixture, suitably to just above 125 DEG  C., evaporating off the free ammonia under lowered pressure, then filtering to remove ammonium sulphate and heterocyclic products and separating the guanidine sulphamate from the filtrate, for example, by crystallization.  The unreacted materials may be recycled to the reaction zone.  Numerous comparative experiments are described, illustrating the reaction p of ammonium sulphamate with urea in molar proportions of 0.5 to 5.0 mols. per mol. urea in the presence of various amounts of added ammonia and in absence of ammonia and in the presence of nitrogen, at various temperatures.  Other experiments show the use of ammonium sulphamate and cyanuric acid in a 6 : 1 molar ratio and of ammonium sulphamate and biuret in a 4.2 : 1 ratio, in the presence of added ammonia.
Patent GB-611698-A (GB)
Title: Electromagnetic relay
IPC: H01H51/06
Filed: 1946-05-06
Abstract: 611,698. Electromagnetic relays. RAMSEY, A. R. J. (Guardian Electric Manufacturing Co.). May 6, 1946, No. 13717. [Class 38 (v)] The contact springs 39, 40, 41 of a relay are mounted on a shaft 22 projecting from the vertical leg 11 of the yoke and extending over the armature 29. The shelf 22 forms part of a non-ferrous member 21 and the armature 29 passes through a slot in the member 21 and pivots about it under the action of a spring 33. Screws 45 project sufficiently to prevent withdrawal of armature. The ends of the coil 14 are connected to terminal elements 18 which are located in cut-away portions of yoke 11, 12.
Patent GB-744495-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cleats for electric conductors
IPC: F16L3/22
Filed: 1953-05-16
Abstract: 744,495. Supporting cables. NAYLOR, W. E. Sept. 7, 1953 [May 16, 1953], No. 13760/53. Class 36. A cleat for supporting conductors is made by shaping a single piece of wood to the desired form, making holes 7 therein and making one or more cuts 9 through the holes to provide two or more detachable parts. The piece of wood may have a curved side 1 to engage a pole 3 and the holes 7 may be arranged in rows parallel to the side 1. Two holes 11 may be drilled at rightangles to the holes 7 for the accommodation of screws holding the parts of the cleat together and securing it on the pole 3.
Patent GB-552814-A (GB)
Title: An improved globe for hurricane lamps
IPC: F21V1/20
Filed: 1941-10-27
Abstract: 552,814. Hurricane lamp globes. VEALE, C. J. Oct. 27, 1941, Nos. 13799/41 and 13605/42. [Class 75 (ii)] A hurricane lamp globe is formed by mounting rectangular glass strips 36 in frames each composed of two semi-circular channel-sectioned members 27, 28 secured at one end to a channelsectioned stay 29 and one of the members having hinged at the other end a channel-sectioned stay 30 which is secured by a hook 31 and pin 32 to a lug 33 on the other member. Two such frames are secured together by hooks 34 engaging pins 32, 35 at the ends of the stays. The stays 29 carry eyes 37 engaging springy rods on the lamp structure to permit the globe to be raised when lighting the lamp. In one Provisional Specification the glass strips are stated to be trapezoidal so as to form a frusto-conical globe.
Patent GB-255992-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in blow out for electric circuit breakers
IPC: H01H9/46
Filed: 1925-05-27
Abstract: 255,992. English Electric Co., Ltd., and Bolton, R. A. R. May 27, 1925. Magnetic blow-outs.-Circuit-breaking devices of the kind wherein an arc is produced between a pair of horns have a ring of conducting material arranged in the space across which the arc travels and in a magnetic field produced by. exciting means wholly external spacially in the ring, the ring being insulated from the rest of the structure and circuit and arranged so that the arc strikes on to it and travels round the two sides of it. When contact is broken between the fixed and moving contacts 1, 2, an arc is formed between the arcing-horn 6 and a contact 7 pivoted at 8, which arc moves upwards to the arcing- horn 9 due to a blow-out flux. The arc then strikes a metal ring 15 surrounding insulation 17, for instance, soapstone, the ring extending the full width of the shoot where such is used. The arc thereon divides and current can flow either way round the ring, most at first passing round the inner part owing to its low inductive resistance, but as the arc moves outwards this resistance increases and hastens the movement to the outer part, thereby rapidly drawing out the arc and cooling it by exposure to fresh metal. In the modification shown in Fig. 2, the ring is cut at its outer (or inner) end, and conducting bridges 16 between its two sides are located equidistantly along its longer axis. Arcing horns of the type described in Specification 255,993 may be used in conjunction with the ring.
Patent GB-1433133-A (GB)
Title: Force measuring transducers
IPC: G01L5/00
Filed: 1972-03-24
Abstract: 1433133 Force measuring transducers GECELLIOTT AUTOMATION Ltd 4 June 1973 [24 March 1972] 13920/72 Heading G1N In a force measuring transducer of the bending beam type, at least two strain gauges are spaced'  apart along the beam 1 and are each arranged on a surface which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the force W to be measured such that they register different strains for the same force, and a loading platform is provided in the form of a sleeve 8 rigidly attached to the free end of the beam. As shown, four strain gauges G1-G4 are arranged in recesses 9 in the beam 1 one end of which is attached to a sleeve 6 arranged in a support 2, and the other end of which is attached to the sleeve 8. The gauges may be arranged in a bridge circuit, Figs. 3a and 3b (not shown). The space between the sleeves 6, 8 may be closed by a resilient member or in a modification, Fig. 9 (not shown), sleeve 8 overlaps sleeve 6 and the gap is closed by two resilient members. The arrangement of beam and sleeves may be mounted with the sleeve 6 fixed on a base (11) and a mounting platform (13) may be mounted on sleeve 8, Fig. 4 (not shown). In an alternative, Figs. 5a and 5b (not shown), an eccentric disc and a bearing surround the sleeve 8 so that the beam may be raised or lowered by rotating the eccentric disc. In a further arrangement a bearing and pulley wheel surround the sleeve (8), Fig. 6 (not shown). This device facilitates the measuring of the tension in a rope, belt &c. Four transducers are shown in Fig. 2a may be arranged at four corners to support a rectangular loading platform, Figs. 7a and 7b (not shown).  A further modification is shown in Fig. 8 in which the sleeve 8 overlaps the sleeve 6, the gap being closed by resilient members S and T.
Patent GB-199905-A (GB)
Title: Combined bag and book holder
IPC: A45C3/06
Filed: 1922-05-17
Abstract: 199,905. Knight, W. H. May 17, 1922. Portfolios.-A book holder or carrier comprises a main part a provided with a flap or partition forming a pocket c into which one side of the cover of the book can be inserted to retain the latter in position. Additional pockets e for holding papers, toilet accessories, a key case &c. are provided, and may be closed when the cover is open, for use, by the flaps 1, 2. The flap 1 is also adapted to fold over the top of the closed cover and to be fastened to the outside thereof. A book-marker d and carrying handles b are provided.
Patent GB-168364-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to aircraft blades, planes, aerocurves and the like
IPC: B64C27/467
Filed: 1920-05-20
Abstract: 168,364. Davidson, G. L. O. May 20, 1920. Screw and like propellers.-Propellers for aircraft are constructed with a number of blades of aerofoil section set close together, the rear upper surface of each blade being turned up to direct the air current on to the convex upper surface at the front of the next blade. The undersurfaces are flat or slightly concave and their chords are horizontal. Fig. 2 shows blades 7 set by means of tongues 8 in concentric rings 4 supported by spokes 5 and wire bracing 6 from discs on a central sleeve. The hub is covered to the outer ring 4, which has a radius greater than the length of the blades 7. The blades 7 are inclined radially towards the direction of thrust, and the outer edges are clamped between two rings 10 with interposed filling-pieces.
Patent GB-1430035-A (GB)
Title: Method of obtaining fire alarm signal and fire alarm apparatus
IPC: G08B17/10
Filed: 1974-03-29
Abstract: 1430035 Fire alarms CERBERUS AG 29 March 1974 [30 March 1973] 14120/74 Heading G4N [Also in Division G1] A fire alarm apparatus comprises a sensor 1, 2, responsive to smoke, combustion gases or other indicia of fire, a first threshold detector 6, an integrator I whose discharge time constant is  smaller than its charge time constant, and a second threshold detector 10. In operation, when the output of sensor 1, 2 exceeds the threshold of detector 6, a capacitor 8 is charged via a resistor 9 which charge is discharged at a faster rate via a diode 11 and a resistor 7 when the output of detector 6 decreases or falls to zero. In the presence of a continuous fire condition, the capacitor 8 is charged to a value exceeding the threshold of a second detector for triggering an alarm. The apparatus is thus insensitive to sequential smoke pulses not originating from a real fire condition.
Patent GB-785800-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in domestic fire grates
IPC: F24B1/19
Filed: 1955-05-17
Abstract: 785,800. Fireplaces. THOMAS, F. W. May 16, 1956 [May 17, 1955], No. 14153/55. Class 126 A fireplace of the kind in which air for combustion is supplied from beneath the floor has doors closing the front of the grate and a duct supplying air from beneath the floor to the front or room side of the doors. A fireplace with a duct C supplying air to a pit below the grate A is closed at the front by sliding doors B formed of two layers of transparent heat resisting material with a space between. A second duct E leads to a box at the front of the ash pit with an opening in front of the doors B. A third duct F, Y-shaped in plan, leads air to either side of the grate and prevents a partial vacuum being created in the fireplace when the doors are closed. Each duct is controlled by a damper operated by a handle projecting through the hearth.
Patent GB-383561-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to steaming apparatus for food
IPC: A47J36/18
Filed: 1932-05-18
Abstract: 383,561. Saucepans &c. BARK, W., 30, Bayreutherstrasse, Dresden, Germany. May 18, 1932, No. 14177. [Class 66.] A device for insertion into saucepans &c. to facilitate cooking by steaming comprises a perforated base portion 1 to which perforated side plates 4, overlapping each other, are hinged so that they are adapted to be opened to rest against the wall of the pan or to be folded inwardly on to the base, as shown in Fig. 3. The base is fitted with interchangeable feet 6 and handles 7 adapted to lie outside the pan are connected to it by chains 8.
Patent GB-862929-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vehicle power steering mechanism
Inventor: WATSON ERIC ISAAC
IPC: B62D5/06
Filed: 1958-05-03
Abstract: 862,929. Vehicle power steering. MASSEYFERGUSON (UNITED KINGDOM) Ltd. April 22, 1959 [May 3, 1958], No. 14198/58. Class 79(5). A power-assisted steering gear of the type in which a servomotor is operated in the required direction so long as a control valve 26 is held to the appropriate side of a neutral position has the control valve connected to an actuator consisting of the outer member 18 of a bearing 17 participating in axial movements of the steering column shaft 14 in response to steering movements. The shaft 14 is connected by a recirculating ball type of nut and screw an arm and two pinions with the steering linkage and is mounted in a column 12 provided with a bearing 20 on which the member 18 may slide within limits determined by a circular clip 22 and a shoulder 23. A pin 24 prevents rotary movement of the member 18 and forms a connection with an adjustable link 25 secured to the valve 26 which is held in a central position by a spring 42 arranged 'between a sealing ring 44 and a washer 43 bearing partly on a shoulder 45 on the valve and a shoulder 46 on the valve casing 27. Oil passes from a central inlet 33 past clearances on faces 37 to an outlet 34 until the valve is displaced to close one of the clearances and provide a pressure difference on the servomotor. When the valve is used in an agricultural tractor the clearance may include spaced, tapered flats to make the cut-off action less abrupt. The valve may be located at the rear of the steering column and be connected to the member 18 by a bifurcated' first order lever.
Patent GB-546616-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of acetylene
IPC: C01B32/942
Filed: 1940-09-16
Abstract: 546,616. Calcium carbide. SHAWINIGAN CHEMICALS, Ltd. Sept. 16, 1940, No. 14239. Convention date, Sept. 16, 1939. Drawings to Specification. [Class 1 (ii)]. [Also in Group IV] Calcium carbide is produced from lime hydrate and bituminous coking coal, both of a very high degree of purity by making briquettes of a mixture of these materials, subjecting the briquettes to a heat treatment according to the process described in Specification 533,988 at a temperature of 800‹-1000‹C. for a time between 10-15 minutes which is sufficiently high to coke the coal rapidly and render the briquettes hard and dense, and then heating them in an electric furnace to form the carbide. The lime hydrate is preferably of at least 96 per cent. purity and the bituminous coal an ash content of less than 8 per cent. The coal is further characterised in that the iron, oxide and silica content are preferably in the ratio of about three to one. The apparatus used for making the calcium carbide is described in Specification 533,988, [Group XII].
Patent GB-1335648-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of higher alkenes
IPC: C07C11/02
Filed: 1972-03-27
Abstract: 1335648 Normal alkenes SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ NV 27 March 1972 [29 March 1971] 14259/72 Heading C5E A mixture of n-alkenes having a number of carbon-atoms per molecule within a preselected range is prepared by catalytically disproportionating two alpha alkene mixtures (a) and (b), having a carbon number range below and above, respectively, the preselected range, (a) having been obtained by converting an n-alpha-alkene mixture to a mixture in which the n-beta-alkene content is at least 20% higher than that obtaining in the isomeric alkene mixture at thermodynamic equilibrium at the conversion temperature, and (b) being an equilibrium mixture of isomerized n-alpha-alkenes. The conversion to produce mixture (a) may be effected by catalytic disproportionation with 2-butene or by catalytic isomerization. Conversion by disproportionation may be combined in a single step with the subsequent disproportionation of (a) and (b), the 2-butene being expelled from the reaction mixture to shift the equilibrium to the right. Preferred disproportionation catalysts are (i) in the liquid phase, tungsten hexachloride / ethylaluminium chloride / acetic acid, and (ii) as a solid, one of (1) a catalyst comprising up to 7% by wt. of a rhenium compound, calculated as rhenium heptoxide, on a carrier and also comprising a molybdenum and/or tungsten compound, (2) a catalyst comprising oxides of molybdenum and cobalt plus alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compounds on alumina, or (3) a catalyst comprising a tungsten oxide and alkali and/or alkaline earth metal oxides on a carrier of more than 70% by wt. alumina. Preferred isomerization catalysts are gamma-alumina to produce mixture (a), and either an alkali metal in the presence of a hydrocarbyl halide or a metal carbonyl to produce mixture (b). The starting mixture of nalpha alkenes may be derived from ethene oligomerization, dehydrogenation of n-alkanes, or dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, and may include alkenes having carbon numbers within the desired range. The product yield may be increased by various recycling steps.
Patent GB-403565-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to oil-break switches and the like
IPC: H01H33/04
Filed: 1933-05-17
Abstract: 403,565. Oil-break switches. ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI, 91, Rue de l'Enseignement, Brussels. May 17, 1933, No. 14286. Convention date, May 25, 1932. [Class 38 (v).] An oil or other insulating-liquid break switch having an arc-rupturing chamber 13 is provided with a light piston 3 or the like, supporting the normally fixed contact 2 and adapted under the action of the pressure of the vapour or gases produced by the arc to move in the opposite direction to the normally movable contact 1, so as considerably to increase the speed of arcrupture and consequently the distance between the two contacts on their separation. The piston is under control of a light spring 4 and slidable within a cylinder 8 between stops 14, 12, the latter being on the metal base 6 supporting the cylinder 8. Holes 16, 15 allow free movement of the piston, the holes 15 serving also as ports closable by the piston in its descent to form a dashpot. By forming a gap between the piston and shoulder 14 in the normal closed position, the spring 4 is able to maintain good pressure between the contacts and to cause contact 2 to follow contact 1 at the outset of the opening movement of the switch.
Patent GB-1486397-A (GB)
Title: Removal of proteins from liquid acid cheese whey
IPC: A23J1/20
Filed: 1976-04-08
Abstract: 1486397 Removal of proteins from liquid acid cheese whey STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO 8 April 1976 [30 May 1975] 14306/76 Heading C3H A process for the removal of proteins from liquid acid cheese whey comprises: (a) adding to a liquid acid cheese whey, at 10-25 C. and a pH of 6À0-8À0, an effective amount of undissolved sodium lauryl sulphate for precipitation of proteins therefrom as a sodium lauryl sulphate-complex; and (b) at a temperature of 10 to 25 C. adjusting the pH of the resulting mixture to from 2À0 and 5À0 to accomplish the said precipitation. The amount of sodium lauryl sulphate added may be 0À15-0À40 grams per 100 mls. of liquid acid cheese whey. The acid cheese whey may be cottage or cream wheys or cheese whey obtained by direct acidification of milk.
Patent GB-1534772-A (GB)
Title: Gas-discharge display device
IPC: H01J17/49
Filed: 1976-04-08
Abstract: 1534772 Gas discharge display tubes PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 8 April 1976 [11 April 1975] 14335/76 Heading H1D In a gas discharge display tube the region of glow discharge repeatedly moves along the tube in a time less than the persistence of vision, the point reached depending on the duration of application of voltage to the electrodes, which time may represent a variable to be indicated. In a light-porous envelope 1 an elongated core 2 carries a plurality, typically three, of cathode, wires, e.g. Mo, wound 5, 6, 7 as a multistart helix round the core, held by transverse grooves 8 to pass multiply 5<SP>1</SP>, 6<SP>1</SP>, 7<SP>1</SP> across a common anode conductor 4. The common anode may be a metal rod, e.g. Mo, lying in a channel 3 in an insulating core, or a conductive coating at the bottom of such a channel (Fig. 3, not shown), in each case with a glass lid sealed to provide the envelope; more than one anode, each in its own channel may be provided (Fig. 4, not shown). Alternatively the anode may consist of exposed metal in an otherwise insulated metal body, e.g. Al in Al 2 O 3  coating (Fig. 2, not shown). If a glass lid is not sealed to the core a tubular envelope may be provided; this may carry transparent anode conductors, e.g. SnO 2  or In 2 O 3 , vapour deposited on the inner wall. The cathodes may then be a multistart thread cut from a metallized coating on an insulating cylindrical core (Fig. 6, not shown), or they may be wires wound as a multistart helix in the grooves between adjacent turns of thicker insulated wire wound round a core (Fig. 5, not shown). In each case all but the parts of the cathode wires opposite the anode are insulated, e.g. with Cr 2 O 3 . The gas filling may be Ar, Ne or a mixture. To drive the device (Fig. 7, not shown) each cathode wire is fed via a resistor, and a separate start and reset electrode near the first cathode is fed similarly: with positive potential applied to the anode the starting cathode is made negative, causing a glow which primes the neighbouring gap; on shifting the negative drive potential to the first cathode wire only the primed gap glows, the drop in the resistor preventing the others in the group from from striking. By successive shifts the glow is moved to the end of the row of cathodes in 1/60 sec. or less, but if the anode voltage is prematurely removed the latter end of the movement is not displayed. With multiple anodes separate timing of the removal of voltage on each allows independent display of multiple variables.
Patent GB-878004-A (GB)
Title: Vulcanisable compositions
IPC: C08L23/16
Filed: 1960-04-25
Abstract: A covulcanizable composition comprises a linear, amorphous copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin (e.g. propylene or butene), and a low molecular weight, hydrocarbon polymer having a viscosity ranging between 500 and 30,000 poises at 20 DEG C. (e.g. liquid depolymerized natural rubber, liquid butadiene-styrene copolymer, sodium-catalyzed polybutadiene or a mixture thereof). Optionally, a covulcanizable copolymer, such as natural rubber, or a rubbery synthetic diene polymer may be included.  In examples, vulcanization is effected in the presence of kaolin, carbon black, litharge, sulphur and chlorinated p-tertiary butyl peroxide.
Patent GB-1447472-A (GB)
Title: Production of chlorinated hydrocarbons
IPC: C07C17/00
Filed: 1975-04-08
Abstract: 1447472 Chlorinated hydrocarbons LUMMUS CO 8 April 1975 [8 April 1974] 14414/75 Heading C2C Chlorinated hydrocarbons are produced by contacting a hydrocarbon, a partially chlorinated hydrocarbon, or mixtures thereof and Cl 2  and/or HCl in a first reactor with a molten salt mixture comprising chlorides of a multivalent metal in the higher and lower valency states and the oxychloride of the metal, passing the molten salt to a second reactor positioned below the first, and operated at a pressure greater than the first reactor, wherein the salt mixture is contacted with O 2 , and passing the molten salt mixture from the second reactor to the first. The difference in pressure between the two reactors is preferably at least 10 p.s.i.g., with the first reactor operated at 15-50 p.s.i.g. and the second at a pressure of at least 50 p.s.i.g. Both reactors are preferably maintained at 600-1000‹ F. and the molten salt may be CuCl/CuCl 2 /CuO.CuCl 2 . The hydrocarbon feed may be methane or ethane and/or ethylene. In the example methane is chlorinated to a mixture containing predominantly CH 3 Cl with CH 2 Cl 2  and CHCl 3 , and a very minor amount of CCl 4 .