Patent GB-686625-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a method of making plastic tubes and films
Inventor: IRONS CARROLL REXFORD
IPC: B29C48/10
Filed: 1950-11-17
Abstract: <PICT:0686625/IV (a)/1> In the manufacture of plastic tubing and film from a normally crystalline vinylidene chloride polymer by the method wherein (1) the polymer is fused and extruded in tubular form downwardly through air into a super-cooling bath, (2) the polymer tube is constricted when supercooled beneath the surface of the bath and thereafter distended externally of the bath to effect recrystallization, a reduction in wall thickness and an increase in tube diameter, and (3) a column of inert lubricating liquid is maintained in that portion of the tube of non-crystalline polymer between the submerged constricting means and the extrusion orifice, improved results are obtained by providing and maintaining a constant superatmospheric pneumatic pressure, sufficient to distend but insufficient to rupture the tube, within that part of the hot, freshly extruded tube of non-crystalline polymer between the extrusion orifice and the column of lubricating liquid, the said column and the pneumatic pressure applied thereover being the only means used to regulate the wall thickness and diameter of the tube before it is super-cooled.  The term "normally crystalline vinylidene chloride polymer" includes both polymers of vinylidene chloride alone and copolymers thereof which are normally crystalline as determined by X-ray diffraction examination, e.g. vinylidene chloride vinyl chloride copolymers.  The superatmospheric pressure applied may be of the order of 0.05-2.0 pounds per square inch.  As shown, the polymer 11 is fused and forwarded by a conveyer screw 12 in the barrel 13 of a plastics extruder.  The fused polymer is extruded through the annular orifice 16 between the die plate 17 and the mandrel 15 to form a plastic tube 18 with walls several times the thickness of the desired final film.  Tube 18 is passed into a body of cold water in the bath 19, and is fed between the pinch rolls 20, thence round guide roll 21, and finally through the pinch rolls 22 and 23.  Oil or other inert lubricating liquid 25 is introduced into the tube 18 via the tube 24 and an axial passage in the mandrel 15.  The portion of the tube 18 between the pinch rolls 22 and 23 is inflated with air until no further radial distension of the tube occurs and the "bubble" 26 lengthens, the stretching zone "A" moving towards the pinch rolls 22.  The rolls 20, 21 and 22 operate at the same peripheral speed which is not less than and not over 10 per cent greater than the linear rate of extrusion of tube 18 from orifice 16. The rolls 23 operate at the higher peripheral speed required to allow for the lengthening of the film by stretching. Compressed air is admitted through regulating valve 28 and tubes 27 and 24 to the plastic tube 18.  The tube 27 is provided with a low pressure relief valve which may consist of a tube 30 communicating with tube 27 and partly immersed to a predetermined constant depth in a body of a liquid such as oil or water 31 contained in a glass cylinder 29 provided with a visible vertical scale.  The width and thickness of the final films so obtained are stated to be more uniform than those hitherto produced.  Also the width and thickness of the final film may be varied between wide limits without changing the extrusion die and between even wider limits by changing only the die plate. Specification 656,735 and U.S.A.  Specification 2,448,433 are referred to.