Patent GB-349588-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of valuable hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen from tars or like carbonaceous materials
IPC: C10G47/00
Filed: 1930-01-23
Abstract: In the manufacture of hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen from tars, petroleum residues, cracking residues, pitches, and the like by catalytic treatment under pressure in the liquid phase with hydrogen or gases containing or supplying free hydrogen, the tars &c. are first made thinly liquid by hydrocarbons which are solvents of the tar &c. and which remain liquid during the process.  Suitably, 20-100 per cent by volume of tetrahydro-naphthalene, decahydro-naphthalene, or hydrogenated anthracenes, or of mineral coal tar oil, gas oil, or products of the process, of the same boiling range is used as diluent. Pressures above 10 atmospheres, preferably 50-250 atmospheres, and temperatures above 300 DEG  C., preferably 350-430 DEG  C., are used. Catalysts specified are those immune from poisoning by sulphur, e.g. those containing the solid oxides or sulphides of the metals of Groups 3-7 of the Periodic system, or compounds, e.g. ammonium molybdate or chromate, supplying these oxides or sulphides under the conditions.  Copper, silver, or gold, or metals of Group 8, or compounds supplying these metals or their oxides or sulphides are preferably used in conjunction therewith. Suitable carriers for the catalysts are active charcoal, fuller's earth, floridine, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, alumina gel, pumicestone, bauxite, and burnt fireclay.  In an example, coal tar, s.g. 1,115, which has been topped to 180 DEG  C. and which contains 50 per cent of pitch, is diluted with 50 per cent of tetrahydro-naphthalene, freed from dust by fuller's earth, and pumped with hydrogen at 400-420 DEG  C. and 200 atmospheres through a catalyst prepared from molecular proportions of tungsten sulphide and cobalt oxide.  The phenols are largely converted into the corresponding hydrocarbons, and the aromatic hydrocarbons are partially hydrogenated.  Specifications 283,545, 312,050, [both in Class 91, Oils &c.], and 328,586, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], are referred to.ALSO:In the manufacture of hydrocarbons rich in hydrogen from tars and pitches by catalytic treatment under pressure in the liquid phase with hydrogen or gases containing or supplying free hydrogen, the tars &c. are first made thinly liquid by hydrocarbons which are solvents of the tar &c. and which remain liquid during the process.  Suitably 20-100 per cent by volume of tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, or hydrogenated anthracenes, or of mineral coal tar oil, gas oil, or products of the process, of the same boiling range is used as diluent. Pressures above 10 atmospheres, preferably 50-250 atmospheres, and temperatures above 300 DEG  C., preferably 350-430 DEG  C., are used. Catalysts specified are those immune from poisoning by sulphur, e.g. those containing the solid oxides or sulphides of the metals of Groups 2-7 of the periodic system, or compounds e.g. ammonium molybdate or chromate supplying these oxides or sulphides under the conditions. Copper, silver, or gold, or metals of Group 8, or compounds supplying these metals or their oxides or sulphides are preferably used in conjunction therewith.  Suitable carriers for the catalysts are active charcoal, fuller's earth, floridine, diatomaceous earth, silica gel, alumina gel, pumice stone, bauxite, and burnt fireclay. In an example, coal tar, S.G. 1,115 topped to 180 DEG  C. and containing 50 per cent of pitch, is diluted with 50 per cent of tetrahydro-naphthalene, freed from dust by fuller's earth, and pumped with hydrogen at 400-420 DEG  C. and 200 atmospheres through a catalyst prepared from molecular proportions of tungsten sulphide and cobalt oxide.  The phenols are largely converted into corresponding hydrocarbons, and the aromatic hydrocarbons are partially hydrogenated.  Specifications 283,545, 312,050, [both in Class 91, Oils &c.], and 328,586, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to.