baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-427810-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of esters of methacrylic acid
IPC: C07C69/54
Filed: 1933-10-31
Abstract: In the manufacture of esters of methacrylic acid according to the parent Specification, the reaction product from acetone cyanhydrin and sulphuric acid is heated with a quantity of water, preferably not exceeding four molecular proportions based on the cyanhydrin, either before or during the heating with a monohydric alcohol.  The reaction is preferably carried out by mixing acetone cyanhydrin with sulphuric acid or oleum in the presence of an antipolymerization catalyst at about 80--100 DEG  C., heating the mixture to 100--140 DEG  C. for some time, e.g. about an hour, adding water, preferably about two molecular proportions, refluxing, e.g. for about three hours, then adding the alcohol and refluxing for a further 2--3 hours. Alternatively, the water and alcohol may be added simultaneously and the mixture refluxed, e.g. for 15 hours. In examples: (1) crude acetone cyanhydrin (prepared by reacting acetone with hydrocyanic acid in the presence of caustic soda) is purified by distillation, heated with sulphuric acid containing flowers of sulphur, and the product is refluxed with water and methyl alcohol with the addition of tannic acid; (2) crude acetone cyanhydrin is heated with oleum containing flowers of sulphur and the product is treated as in (1); (3) crude acetone cyanhydrin is heated with sulphuric acid containing copper bronze powder and the product is refluxed with water and then with methyl alcohol; (4) the methyl alcohol in (3) is replaced by isopropyl alcohol; (5) as in (2) but using slightly stronger oleum and a lower temperature in the first stage; (6) rectified acetone cyanhydrin is heated with sulphuric acid containing sulphur, and the product is refluxed with water and butyl alcohol; (7) crude acetone cyanhydrin is heated with sulphuric acid containing flowers of sulphur, and the product is refluxed with water and n-butyl alcohol with the addition of tannic acid; (8) crude acetone cyanhydrin is heated with sulphuric acid containing copper bronze and the product is refluxed with water and then with isobutyl alcohol; (9) crude acetone cyanhydrin is heated with sulphuric acid containing a little sulphuric anhydride and also containing copper bronze powder, and the product is refluxed with water and then with glycol monoethyl ether containing tannic acid.
Patent GB-735840-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to ball-point pens
IPC: B04B3/02
Filed: 1953-11-02
Abstract: 735,840. Reservoir pens. SCRIPTO, Inc. Nov. 2, 1953 [May 25, 1953], No. 30282/53. Class 146(3). In a ball-point pen wherein the writing unit is retractable within an outer casing by means of a spring, a plunger 36 fits over the upper end of the reservoir 34 and has a knob 44 projecting beyond the casing, and a spring latching lever 46 is fitted within a side recess in the plunger and is adapted to spring outwardly or laterally of the plunger to engage beneath an annular shoulder 18 in the bore of the casing when the plunger is depressed to project the unit into writing position. The latch 46 is released from the shoulder 18 by depressing a push button 48. The casing comprises two parts 12, 14 joined by threading the reduced end portion of the part 12 into a threaded sleeve 28 fitted into the part 14, and the sleeve and joint are covered by a sleeve 30 fitted on the part 14. The writing unit consisting of a point unit 32 and reservoir 34, is biassed inwardly of the casing by a compression spring 38 arranged between a shoulder 16 of the casing and a lateral enlargement 40 formed in the reservoir 34. A rib 70 in the bore of the casing engages a longitudinal groove in the plunger 36 to prevent rotation of the plunger, and a recess in the plunger allows the rear end of the reservoir 34 to have access to the atmosphere.
Patent GB-917762-A (GB)
Title: Compositions containing stable aluminum phosphate gel and methods of making and using same
IPC: C01B25/36
Filed: 1960-09-02
Abstract: An aluminium phosphate gel may be prepared by calcining an aluminium phosphate hydrogel.  The product may be an aerogel obtained by first autoclaving and then calcining, and preferably has a surface area of 200-600 sq. metres/gram.  The gel may also incorporate alumina, preferably in amounts of from 20 to 67% by weight, silica, preferably in amounts of from 2 to 75% by weight, boria, or mixtures thereof, and also metals or oxides of Groups VI and VIII, especially platinum and palladium and cobalt and/or molybdenum oxides.  The gel may be prepared by reacting aluminium chloride and phosphoric acid in aqueous solution, neutralizing with ethylene oxide, urea, or ammonium hydroxide, carbonate, or acetate, and allowing the neutralized solution to set to a hydrogel.  Silica may be added by introducing ethyl silicate or sodium silicate before neutralization.  By employing excess aluminium chloride, alumina will be present in the product. Alternatively the hydrogel may be prepared by adding to a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, phosphoric acid and a solution of aluminium amylate in amyl alcohol, and then neutralizing the solution with ethylene oxide.  The hydrogel may be extracted with a watermiscible organic solvent before drying. Boria may be introduced by impregnating the gel with a boric acid solution, drying and calcining.  Catalytic metals and their oxides may be incorporated by impregnating the gel with a solution of a soluble compound of the metal, for example chloroplatinic acid, drying and calcining. Alternatively the solution may be added to the starting aluminium chloride solution.  Such catalysts may be employed in hydrofining and hydrodesulphurizing of hydrocarbon feeds and in cracking reactions.ALSO:Catalysts comprising aluminium phosphate gel (see Group III) are employed in the following reactions:-  Conversion of alcohols to olefines, especially n-pentanol to n-pentene. Conversion of ethers, e.g. epoxides, to diolefines. Hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane.
Patent GB-346263-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of colour lakes
IPC: C09B69/06
Filed: 1929-10-07
Abstract: Lakes having a high fastness to light and great strength of colour are obtained by precipitating basic dyestuffs which may contain acid groups by means of solutions of salts of complex inorganic acids having a hydrogen ion concentration smaller than that of a corresponding solution of the acid salts of the complex inorganic acids but higher than pH=7.  The hydrogenion concentration is adjusted by adding definite amounts of basic substances to the solutions of the complex inorganic acids or their acid salts, or by adding appropriate amounts of an acid to solutions of salts of components capable of forming such complex inorganic acids.  The optimum value varies with the dyestuff and with the working conditions.  An acid other than the complex inorganic acids may be added to the dyestuff to be converted, or the precipitated lake may be subjected to after-treatment with such an acid, or with acids or salts capable of forming complexes with the complex inorganic acids already present.  In examples: (1) Rhodamine 3G extra, Alkali Blue 4R or Light Green 5F is precipitated by a solution of the acid sodium salt of phosphotungsticmolybdic acid which has been neutralized with caustic soda, sodium acetate or aluminium hydroxide to pH=3,8 or to pH=5; (2) Rhodamine 3B acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid is precipitated by a solution of the acid sodium salt of phosphotungsticmolybdic acid which has been neutralized with caustic soda solution to pH=2,8, yielding a red lake; (3) Setocyanine O is precipitated by a solution of sodium tungstate (Na2, WO4), disodium phosphate and hydrochloric acid which has been left standing till it attained a constant pH value of 6,8; a solution of ammonium or sodium molybdate is then added and the whole acidified with hydrochloric acid; alternatively part of the phosphate may be added in combination with the molybdate; (4) Diamond Green G acidified with hydrochloric acid is precipitated with a solution prepared by dissolving tungstic and molybdic acid in caustic soda, adding disodium phosphate, acidifying with hydrochloric acid and finally adding caustic soda solution until the pH value is about 2,5; a green lake is produced. Complex inorganic acids in which the phosphorus is replaced by silicon, antimony, boron, chromium, aluminium or arsenic may also be employed.  Specifications 15951/14, 257,148, 265,032, and 270,750, [all in Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-1480839-A (GB)
Title: Shields for use in tunnel driving
IPC: E21D9/06
Filed: 1974-07-09
Abstract: 1480839 Tunnelling shields GEWERKSCHAFT EISENHUTTE WESTFALIA 9 July 1974 [14 July 1973] 30364/74 Heading E1F In a tunnelling shield formed from elongate members M, M', Fig. 4, releasably securable to frames 30, 31, certain of the members (preferably those, M, designed to contact the floor of the tunnel) are provided with components 22 which are movable toward or away from the tunnel wall to assist in steering the shield. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 each member M has a forward cutting edge 11 and a rear U-section portion in which a U- section component 22 is pivotable about pins 23. The side walls 15, 16, 25, 25' of the rear portion and the component are tapered so that a piston and cylinder unit can pivot the component 22 either into a position in which the bottom wall 24 of the component is coplanar with the bottom wall 17 of the front of the member (Fig. 1), or into a position in which wall 24 is withdrawn into the rear portion of the member (Fig. 3). The front portion of the member is of rectangular section. The shield members M, M' are connected to either one of the frames 30, 31 and rams 32 effect relative movement of the frames and their attached members.
Patent GB-207829-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to envelope making machines
IPC: B31B70/00
Filed: 1923-12-03
Abstract: 207,829. Tellschow Geb. Dec. 2, 1922, [Convention date]. Envelopes, making.-Two envelope-making units b, c are combined to form a twin machine for making two envelopes, which may be of different sizes having a common frame, a common driving-shaft and a common conveying-device for the paper sheets, the gummers reciprocating in the direction in which the blanks are conveyed from the pile tables to the folding boxes. The grippers d, f are carried bv a bracket g on a slide h, and are preferably adjustably mounted as at p, q. The envelopes are discharged into two drying-chains, which deposit them into boxes on either side of the position a of the attendant. Specification 12052/10 is referred to.
Patent GB-971762-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photogrammetric plotters
Inventor: THOMPSON EDGAR HYNES
IPC: G01C11/00
Filed: 1960-09-02
Abstract: 971,762. Photogrammetry. HILGER & WATTS Ltd. Sept. 1, 1961 [Sept. 2, 1960], No. 30422/60. Heading G1F. In a photogrammetric plotter it is sometimes difficult to deduce the direction of the horizontal when the terrain viewed has no natural features as a guide and accordingly a graticule or graticule image is injected into each of the two sighting systems of the plotter with each of the graticules being co-incidentally adjustable with the scanning means for viewing the overlapping photographs, so that the combined image of the graticules as seen by the observer is that of a substantially horizontal plane. If overlapping photographs are taken from points S 1 S 2 , Fig. 1, S 1 Z 1 S 2 Z 2  defines the vertical basal plane and rotation thereof through angle # defines an inclined plane containing points S 1 S 2 P, the lines of sight from S 1  and S 2  to P in this inclined, plane being defined by the angles # 1  # 2  respectively between S 1 P, S 2 P and the perpendiculars to the photographic base through S 1 S 2  respectively in the same plane. A circle C, or other geometric shape, around P in a horizontal plane is reproduced to the eye of an observer using the plotter. As shown, Fig. 2, the telescope 4 of a plotter is directed towards the point S 1  and views a photographic plate (not shown) mounted above and rotatable about the axis SS 1  to provide for variations in #, through an arm 6, the image being passed through an optical system to a viewing eyepiece 8. Telescope 4 rotates about axis S 1 T 1  perpendicular to SS 1  to reproduce angle # 1 . A graticule 10 mounted in gimbal 12 has its primary axis on S 1 T 1  and is connected to telescope 4 so that it rotates through angle # 1 . The angular motion of arm 6, i.e. angle #, is reproduced through drum 14 carrying a roller 16 bearing on thrust rod 18, racks and gear-wheels 20, 22 so that a thrust element 26 bears against the ball-ended radial arm 28 fixed to gimbal 12 and rotates it about its secondary axis. A light source 30 projects an image of graticule 10 vertically upwards into an optical system feeding a semireflecting mirror 32 in the path of the image from telescope 4 to eyepiece 8. A similar arrangement is provided for the other sighting system of the plotter. Specification 727,235 is referred to.
Patent GB-966090-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to paper bags or sacks
Inventor: OWENS WILLIAM VINCENT
IPC: B65D33/02
Filed: 1960-09-05
Abstract: 966,090. Paper bags. PAPER SACKS Ltd. June 29, 1961 [Sept. 5, 1960], No. 30504/60. Heading B8K. In a single-ply paper bag formed from a tube length 1 with an overlapping seam 2, reinforcing strips 3, 4 extend from adjacent the bag margins to and into an end closure formed by folding inwardly and securing opposed pairs of flaps 5, 6. The open end is stepped as shown, so that the bag may more readily be opened out from a flattened, stored position. In a further embodiment, the seam overlap is sufficiently wide to replace one of the reinforcing strips, and in another the strips are formed from a single U-shaped strip extending from one of the bag margins, to and over the closure, and thence to the opposite bag margin.
Patent GB-1010717-A (GB)
Title: Machine set for a pumped-storage power plant
IPC: F03B3/10
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: 1,010,717. Hydraulic turbine plant. J. M. VOITH G.m.b.H. Aug. 4, 1964 [July 17, 1963], No. 30523/64. Heading FIT. A vertically disposed machine set for a pumped-storage power plant comprises a motor-generator, a main hydraulic machine formed by a pump and turbine or a reversible pump-turbine unit, and an auxiliary reaction turbine for starting up the machine set mounted above the main hydraulic machine and connected therewith by a hollow common shaft acting as the draft tube for the auxiliary turbine such that the auxiliary turbine supplies its operating water to the suction chamber of the main turbine or pump-turbine unit. A vertically disposed storage power plant comprises a main reversible hydraulic pump-turbine 2 connected by a hollow shaft 5 to an auxiliary Francis turbine 3 and by a shaft 4 to a synchronous motor-generator 1. Auxiliary turbine 3 acts as a starter to run the machine set up to synchronous speed prior to pumping operation. Bore 6 in shaft 5 forms a draft tube for the water discharge from auxiliary turbine 3, the water flowing from bore 6 into the suction chamber 8 of pump-turbine 2. Shut off valves 11, 13 are provided in the pressure pipes 10, 12 of auxiliary turbine 3 and pumpturbine 2 respectively. A valve, Fig. 2 (not shown), may also be provided in the runner of auxiliary turbine 3 to shut off bore 6. In a modification, the main hydraulic machine has a separate pump and turbine. The auxiliary turbine may have more than one stage.
Patent GB-1034685-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to dry milk products and methods of treating the same
IPC: A23L29/281
Filed: 1963-08-01
Abstract: 1,034,685. Dried milk products. J. L. McCARTHY. Aug. 1, 1963, No. 30648/63. Heading A2B. Finely ground gelatine (100-300 mesh) is added to a suspension of dried milk (non- fat or whole) in cold water to improve taste, texture and palatability.
Patent GB-174722-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tools for inserting pistons with their piston rings into cylinders
IPC: B25B27/12
Filed: 1920-10-30
Abstract: 174,722. Pannell, A. L. Oct. 30, 1920. Pistons, inserting in cylinders, tools for. - Piston rings are compressed during the insertion of a piston in a cylinder by means of jaws d, preferably inclined, carried by rods e, f sliding in a ring a. The latter is in halves connected by hinge joints with removable pins. The jaws d are pressed inwards by springs g and are adjustable by means of washers h.
Patent GB-950858-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fluid blast electric circuit breakers
Inventor: KOCH HELLMUT
IPC: H01H33/12
Filed: 1960-09-06
Abstract: 950,858. Gas-blast switches. LICENTIA PATENT - VERWALTUNGS G.m.b.H. Sept. 6, 1960, No. 30714/60. Heading H2B. A fluid-blast switch comprises a moving contact 3 separable from a fixed contact 2 to open an outlet nozzle for the fluid, an arc electrode 4 arranged downstream of the nozzle so that on separation of the contacts the arc will extend between the contact 3 and the electrode 4, and a tube 5 of heat resistant material which on separation of the contacts moves between the fixed contact 2 and the path of the arc to shield the fixed contact from the heat of the arc. When the contacts are opened, the tube 5 is moved from the position shown at the right of the Figure to that at the left of the Figure by a spring 7. The tube 5 reduces the outlet crosssection to conserve fluid and its inner surface may be coated with an oxide ceramic.
Patent GB-248507-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in last-slice holders or supports for slicing machines
IPC: B26D7/01
Filed: 1924-12-22
Abstract: 248,507. Berkel & Farnall's Slicing Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Thomas, H. Dec. 22, 1924. Cutting slices in succession; holders.-In a last slice holder for a slicing machine of the type comprising prong bars which are rotatable in a frame by toothed wheels or segments secured to the bars, each bar, or each pair of adjacent bars, is rotated independently thereby avoiding backlash. The operating mechanism may comprise a sliding rack, or racks. As shown in Fig. 3, the prong bars 1, which may be constructed as described in Specification 248,506, are provided at one end of the holder with aligned segments 11, which are engaged by a rack 5 which is operated by a handle 12 pivoted to the rack at 13 and provided with a cam slot which engages a pin 8. The frame and rack are slotted where necessary to permit the movement of the rack, and in this construction all the prong bars move in the same angular direction. As shown in Fig. 4, adjacent bars are intergeared to move in opposite directions, alternate wheels 16, 18, &c. being made wide to gear with a sliding rack which may be operated by a lever pivoted to the frame and engaging a slot in the back of the rack. As shown in Fig. 11, two racks 28, 29 nesting together are employed, the teeth 36, 37 engaging with alternately staggered toothed segments 11. The rack 29 is slidable by a lever 12 pivoted to the rack and having a cam slot which engages a stationary pin 33. The racks 28, 29 are intergeared by a pinion 39 whereby the racks and prong bars move simultaneously in opposite directions. The racks and frame are slotted where necessary to permit the sliding of the racks. A modified arrangement of the lever 12 is described. In another modification, two nested racks are simultaneously moved in opposite directions bv a handle which revolves a shaft carrying two directly opposed eccentrics which are coupled to the racks by sheaves. In a further modification, two nested racks are operated by a revoluble lever member having two cam slots, one for each rack.
Patent GB-1304532-A (GB)
IPC: C23C2/20
Filed: 1970-06-25
Abstract: 1304532 Coating by hot-dipping ARMCO STEEL CORP 25 June 1970 [15 July 1969] 30873/70 Addition to 1221349 Heading C7F A method of coating a ferrous metal strip comprises the steps of cleaning the strip surface and bringing its temperature to that of the molten coating metal; passing the strip through a bath of the molten metal and withdrawing it therefrom in a generally vertical direction of travel; impinging a substantially laminar flow jet of gaseous fluid on the surface of said coated strip as it emerges from said bath at a height where the thickness of the coating metal is in excess of the desired final coating thickness, said jet returning a continuous flow of molten metal to said bath while a desired quantity of coating metal adheres to said strip, and contouring the narrow dimension of the gaseous jet progressively from the centre thereof outwardly toward each end, the strip being maintained flat at the point of jet impingement, whereby to control coating weight distribution across said strip to eliminate heavy edge coatings and oxide "berries". The narrow dimension at the edge of the gaseous jet is preferably at least 150% of the narrow dimension at the centre; this gives a greater coating weight at the centre of the strip. Ferrous strip may be coated with Al or Zn.
Patent GB-771382-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vertically movable frames
IPC: B65H23/16
Filed: 1955-10-26
Abstract: 771,382. Feeding webs. FIRESTONE TYRE & RUBBER CO., Ltd., and COLLINS, J. B. Oct. 26, 1955 [Oct. 26, 1954], No. 30917/54. Class 100(1) A means for vertically guiding a frame comprises two endless wires each attached to two points on the frame at or near diametrically opposed points on the frame each wire being so arranged and supported between the points of attachment that the wire is substantially vertical adjacent these points, the wire leading upward from one point of attachment and downward from the other point of attachment. As shown, a frame 1 supports a pair of tensioning rollers 2, 2<SP>1</SP> which form a loop in fabric fed. over rollers 3 and 4. The frame is supported for vertical movement by endless wires 5 and 6 similarly arranged. The wire 5 is secured to the frame at 7, passes over a pulley 8 and diagonally across the frame to a pulley 9. From the pulley 9 it passes under a pulley 10 and is secured to the frame at 11, passes over pulleys 12 and 14 and under a pulley 15. The wires 5 and 6 may each comprise equal lengths of wire, attached to the frame at its ends. The roller 3 may be a feed roller which feeds'material forward faster than it is required. Means, e.g. a photo-electric cell are arranged for switching off an electric motor driving the roller 3 when the. frame reaches a predetermined level. Similar means are arranged for restarting the motor when the frame reaches a predetermined higher level. Cords or chains may be used in place of the wires 5 and 6.
Patent GB-1063757-A (GB)
Title: Magnetohydrodynamic generator channels
IPC: H02K44/10
Filed: 1964-08-04
Abstract: 1,063,757. Making current collectors. SIEMENS-SCHUCKERTWERKE A.G. Aug. 4, 1964 [Aug. 2, 1963], No. 30983/64. Heading B3A. [Also in Division H2] An electrode for a magnetohydrodynamic generator has the face in contact with the working fluid formed with a substantially central projecting region. The projection which covers about <SP>2</SP>/ 3  of the electrode surface is produced by hard surfacing one face of a chrome-nickel steel block with welding beads of stainless steel which extend proud of the surface by about 10% of the electrode spacing. The electrodes may be cylindrical.
Patent GB-961946-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of treating molten steel at reduced pressure
IPC: C21C7/10
Filed: 1960-09-08
Abstract: A method of degassifying alloyed or non-alloyed steel comprises subjecting the steel having a silicon content not exceeding 0.10% to a circulating vacuum degassing process using hydrogen as a circulating and reactive gas during the first part of the degassing. Before the degassification is complete the silicon content may be increased to kill the steel.  Specication 961,945 is referred to.