baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000061564-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JONG MOON
IPC: E02B11/00
Filed: 1999-03-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A water injection apparatus for a channel is provided, which injects farmland with the water of a channel automatically to keep the proper water level to cultivate the crops. CONSTITUTION: A water injection apparatus for a channel comprises; an adhesive plate (1) adhered to the wall of a channel by a projected inlet (2) formed to be inclined toward the inflow of water; a deceleration motor (3) installed perpendicular to the upper part of an adhesive plate (1) by a bevel gear (4) installed on an axis and a screw axis (6); a guide body (8) which has a guide groove (9) on both sides and is installed on an adhesive plate (1) to cover a screw axis (6) joint with a deceleration motor (3); a transfer tool (7) which is inserted into a guide groove (9) of a guide body (8) and joint to a screw axis (6) and transfers a link rack (10) up and down by the rotation of a screw axis (6); an opening and closing rack (13) which a cover (15), which opens and closes an inlet (2) of an adhesive plate (1), is installed on to be rotated and revolves around a hinge (12) installed on an adhesive plate (1) by the up-and-down transfer of a link rack (10); a control unit (20) which controls the operation of a deceleration motor (3) to stop after opening and closing an inlet (2) with a cover (15); a water level sensor (30) which senses the highest and lowest water level of water flew in farmland and drives a deceleration motor (3).
Patent KR-20000061586-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK IK HUI
IPC: H04B1/62
Filed: 1999-03-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pre-distorting linearlization device circuit for adjusting an individual order of an inter-modulation signal is provided to obtain a more ideal linearlization characteristic by adjusting an amplitude and a phase of inter-modulation distortion signals according to the individual order when independently generating inter-modulation distortion signals. CONSTITUTION: The third inter-modulation signal generator(10) generates only the third inter-modulation signal and removes inter-modulation signals which are more than a third level of a high-power amplifier. A fifth inter-modulation generator(20) generates all inter-modulation signals except for the third inter-modulation signal and removes inter-modulation signal which are more than a fifth level of the high-power amplifier. A seventh inter-modulation signal generator(30) generates all inter-modulation signals except for third and fifth inter-modulation signals and removes inter-modulation signals which is more than a seventh level of the high-power amplifier.
Patent KR-20000061675-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM GYEONG TAE
IPC: G06F7/52
Filed: 1999-03-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A multiplier having a low power consumption is provided to minimize a power consumption by reducing a multiply operation. CONSTITUTION: An effectiveness bit extraction unit(110) extracts an effective bit(6bit) only among an inputted signal bit(10bit), outputs the effective bit(6bit) and generates a select signal(SEL.) to rearrange the bit. A multiplier(120) multiplies the effective bit(6bit) extracted from the effectiveness bit extraction unit(110) by an input signal of appointed bit(10bit). A bit rearranging unit(130) rearranges a bit received from the multiplier(120) according to a select signal received from the effectiveness bit extraction unit(110). A bit output unit(140) buffers a signal data of appointed bit(20bit) generated from the bit rearranging unit(130) and outputs the signal data.
Patent KR-20000066373-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO NAM HUM
IPC: B43L1/04
Filed: 1999-04-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for molding an enamel layer of an enamel memo board, that prevents a marker-liquid from soaking into in the enamel layer and prevents the enamel layer from being scratched. The enamel layer has excellent strength and has no bubbles by crystallizing the surface of the memo board. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of: i)heating the memo board coated with enamel for 5min. and burning at 530°C for 3min, followed by cooling up to 150°C for 7min. and maintain the cooling state for 5min.; ii)heating for 2 min to burn at 530°C for 4min., followed by cooling up to 340°C for 3min. and maintain the cooling state for 6min.; iii)cooling up to 90°C for 5min. and maintain the cooling state for 1min; iv)heating up to 250°C for 1min. and maintain the temperature for 3min.; and then v)cooling for 5min.
Patent KR-20000066379-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG CHUNG HEE
IPC: A47C7/00
Filed: 1999-04-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A backrest chair is provided to minimize fatigue of a user by supporting the pelvis, the lumbar vertebra, the side and the thoracic vertebra of the user stably. CONSTITUTION: Plural slots(153) are formed on the lower surface of side supports(152,157) to slide on second elastic bars(150,155). The slots(153) are provided on the lower surface of lumbar supports(142,147), the side supports(152,157) and thoracic vertebra supports(162,172) respectively. The supports slide along the elastic bars(150,155) and a user fixes the supports for the form of oneself. Therefore, the user does not feel tired to the maximum.
Patent KR-19990083358-A (KR)
IPC: G11B7/09
Filed: 1999-04-21
Abstract: 전자 현미경, 광학적 검사 장치, 레이저 가공 장치 등에서, 대물 렌즈의 초점이 검사될 대상물의 표면에 위치하는지를 검출하기 위해 사용되는 초점 검출 장치가 개시된다.  초점 위치 검출 장치는, 적어도 상기 대물 렌즈를 통해 대물 렌즈의 광축과 일치하지 않는 위치로부터 검사될 대상물의 표면으로 초점 검출용 광빔을 입사시키기 위한 수단, 및 대물 렌즈를 다시 통과하도록 대상물의 표면에서 반사된 광빔이 적어도 집광 렌즈에 의해 집광되는 2 개의 2 분할 센서를 포함한다.  2 개의 2 분할 센서는, 대물 렌즈의 초점이 대상물의 표면 상에 위치할 때 반사된 광빔이 집광 렌즈에 의해 집광되는 위치의 전방 및 후방에 광학적으로 동일한 기울기로 배치된다.
Patent KR-19990046750-A (KR)
Title: 슬라이드식과플립식으로개폐되는커버를구비한휴대용전화기
Filed: 1999-04-21
Abstract: 본 발명은 슬라이드식과 플립식으로 개폐되는 커버를 구비한 휴대용 전화기에 관한 것으로, 상세하게는 본체에 수화부, 표시부, 숫자 및 기능키이를 구비한 키이입력부를 형성하고 측면에는 커버체 슬라이드홈을 형성하여 커버체의 프레임이 끼워진 채 상하로 슬라이드되도록 하고, 프레임의 상단에는 돌기를 형성하여 상기 커버체 슬라이드홈의 하단에 형성한 걸림돌기에 걸려 이탈이 방지되도록 하고, 상기 커버체에는 송화부를 형성하면서 그 양측에 힌지부를 형설하여 플립의 힌지고정부가 결합되어 회전하면서 개폐되도록 하고, 상기 본체의 전면에는 플립안착부를 형성하여 키이입력부가 위치하도록 하고, 상기 플립의 상단에는 삽입부와 내측으로 절곡시킨 걸림돌기를 형성하여 돌기삽입홈에 끼워지도록 하고, 상기 돌기삽입홈에는 길이방향의 걸림돌기슬라이드홈을 일체로 형성하여 커버체를 하향이동시키는 중에는 플립이 개폐되지 않도록 구성하므로 사용자의 선택에 따라 커버를 플립플롭으로 개폐시킬 수도 있고, 슬라이스식으로 개폐시킬 수도 있을 뿐만 아니라 커버를 하향으로 슬라이드 시켜서 사용하게 되면 송화부를 사용자의 체형에 따라 조절하여 사용할 수 있어서 송화품질을 높일 수 있는 슬라이드식과 플립식 겸용으로 개폐되는 커버를 구비한 휴대용 전화기에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-19990087978-A (KR)
Title: 매우평탄한실리콘반도체웨이퍼및반도체웨이퍼의제조방법
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 1999-04-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 최대 0.2㎛ 의 GBIR 및 최대 0.13㎛의 SFQR max 로 표현된 일양성을 가진 실리콘 반도체웨이퍼에 관한 것이다. 
     본 발명은 또한 반도체웨이퍼의 평탄성에 영향을 주는 다음 순서의 처리스텝을 가지며, 그 복수의 처리스텝을 조합함으로 줄무늬없는 연마 앞표면을 구비한 매우 평탄한 반도체웨이퍼를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 
     a) 크리스털로부터 반도체 웨이퍼를 절삭; 
     b) 연삭처리에 의해 반도체웨이퍼를 평탄화; 
     c) 침식에칭에 의해 표면부근의 파손크리스털 영역을 제거, 이때 플라스마-보조에칭을 시행; 
     d) 극부적 분해능을 가진 플러스마-보조에칭; 
     e) 반도체웨이퍼의 줄무늬없는 연마의 시행
Patent KR-20000005759-A (KR)
Inventor: OKADANORIO
IPC: H01L21/768
Filed: 1999-05-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: Semiconductor apparatus and production method is provided to overcome the limitations that fungous capability exists between wiring formed at same layer and other wiring for the more number of fungous capabilities. CONSTITUTION: The semiconductor apparatus and production method comprises semiconductor board having the surface of first wiring system and forming isolating membrane, etching stopper, pattern that match with stopper membrane, second isolating membrane formed at etching stopper membrane, wiring trench by etching isolating membrane, penetrating hole, and conductive material formed at between the penetrating hole and wiring trench for reduction of the fungous capability.
Patent KR-19990068609-A (KR)
Title: 피부미용기및그제어방법
Filed: 1999-06-05
Abstract: 본 발명은 피부 미용기에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 피부 미용에 순 작용을 제공하는 여러 요소들을 병합하여 발생할 수 있도록 복합화된 피부 미용기 및 그 제어 방법에 관한 것이다. 
     본 발명은 인체의 세포를 활성화하는 원적외선과 초음파의 피부 깊숙한 침투에의하여 피부 미용 효과가 극대화될 수 있고, 원적외선과 초음파 및 진동에 의한 여러 요소를 복합적으로 적용하여 이물질의 분해 제거와 신진 대사를 촉진시키며 피부의 트러블을 제거하는 피부 미용기 및 그 제어 방법을 제공하고자, 
     전체 회로를 제어하는 마이크로 컨트롤러(U1)를 포함하는 중앙처리부(20)와, 상기 중앙처리부에 외부 신호를 입력시키는 다수의 키 스위치를 갖는 스위치 입력부(21)와, 상기 입력된 외부 신호에 기초하여 상기 중앙처리부의 제어하에 출력 강도가 상이한 제1의 출력과 제2의 출력을 발생하는 초음파 출력부(34)와, 피부의 긴장 완화를 위하여 강도가 상이한 복수의 출력을 발생하는 진동 출력부(33)와, 원적외선을 발생하는 원적외선 출력부(31) 및 이들의 선택 상태와 설정 시한을 표시하는 표시부(35) 및 전원부(10)를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-19990073153-A (KR)
Title: 유선전화기
IPC: H04M1/03
Filed: 1999-06-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 사무실, 가정에서 흔히 사용하는 탁상형 유선전화기에 관한 것으로, 더 상세하게는 전화기본체에 연결되는 송수화기의 수화부를 귀에 꽂고 통화할 수 있도록 한 유선전화기에 관한 것이다. 
     본 발명은 통상적인 전화기본체에 구비되는 크기가 큰 송수화기 대신에 이어폰형 송수화기를 전화기본체에 연결하는 하는 한편, 전화기본체에는 후크스위치를 온오프시킬 수 있는 푸시버튼을 장착한 유선전화기로서, 전화통화중에 두손을 사용하여 서류의 페이지를 넘긴다거나 타이프라이터, 컴퓨터키보드 조작 등의 업무를 할 수 있으며, 특히 장시간 통화할 경우에도 손과 팔이 피로하지 않고 편안한 자세로 통화할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20000011597-A (KR)
Inventor: TAMURA ITARU
IPC: G11C29/56
Filed: 1999-07-09
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor device is provided to improve a yield easily detecting a plurality of different fails in different categories from each other. CONSTITUTION: The semiconductor device comprises: a memory cell array(11); a plurality of first wires(12, 21, 31) disposed on a straight line in one row or one column in the memory cell array(11); a second wire for transferring a signal from one end to the other end, wherein the second wire is disposed on the first wires(12, 21, 31) of the plurality; and a plurality of contact plugs(14, 23, 25, 27, 33, 34, 36, 41a, 42b, 43a, 43b) for connecting the plurality of first wires(12, 21, 31) to the second wire, respectively, wherein the plurality of first wires(12, 21, 31) are connected to plural continuous ones of all memory cells in either a row or a column to which the first wires(12, 21, 31) of the plurality belong.
Patent KR-20010009767-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON YONG JU
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 1999-07-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for transceiving data for monitoring a power of a uninterruptible power system by using an RF(Radio Frequency) module is provided to use a serial communication using the RF module, and to transceive the data when an apparatus is connected to a remote uninterruptible power system by using the RF module, so as to remotely monitor power states without using a communication cable used for a general serial communication. CONSTITUTION: An antenna(1) receives an RF transceiving signal. A transceiving circuit of an RF module(2) converts the RF signal into a serial signal. A CPU(3) controls transceived data and a wireless monitoring system. A key pad(5) selects various functions of the wireless monitoring system. A program and data ROM(6) has data for being displayed on the CPU(3) and a graphic LCD(4). The graphic LCD(4) displays programmed contents or data with pictures and characters. A battery back-up RAM(7) records set up information of an apparatus, power states of the apparatus, or event information of the apparatus even when a power is turned off. An alarm(8) transmits an audible alarm sound when an accident happens.
Patent KR-20010010770-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG JUN SEOK
IPC: H03F1/30
Filed: 1999-07-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A circuit for compensating a characteristic variation base on the temperature of a radio frequency amplifier is provided which realizes a bias circuit with regard to the normal temperature standard value of a thermistor and a variation value based on the temperature to stably maintain spurious characteristic. CONSTITUTION: The device includes the first resistor(R1) for receiving voltage from an input port and applying a gate source voltage(Vgs) to the gate of a transistor, a thermistor(RT) one end of which is connected to the first resistor, the second resistor(R2) one end of which is connected to the first resistor, the second resistor being connected to the thermistor in parallel, and the third resistor(R3) one end of which is connected to the thermistor and the second resistor and the other end of which is connected to the ground.
Patent KR-20010019273-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK GEON YEONG
IPC: H04B1/40
Filed: 1999-08-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for performing appointed telephone call in a mobile radiophone is provided to prevent unnecessary originating of a transmitting subscriber when a user is not able to answer the phone. CONSTITUTION: A MSC(Mobile Switching Center) calls a receiving subscriber according a call processing procedure when a transmitting subscriber calls the receiving subscriber(202). The MSC transmits an information message if the receiving subscriber does not respond during the set time(206). The MSC sets the function of an appointed telephone call when the transmitting subscriber inputs an appointed call select key according to the information message(210). The MSC calls the appointed receiving subscriber at set call period(212). The MSC transmits an alarm signal to the transmitting subscriber if the appointed receiving subscriber responds(214). The MSC performs a normal telephone call between the transmitting subscriber and the receiving subscriber(215).
Patent KR-20010026986-A (KR)
Inventor: BYUN BYEONG HYEON
IPC: H01J11/22
Filed: 1999-09-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: A structure of an electrode in a plasma display panel is provided to lower a discharge holding voltage and activate the ionization of a discharge gas by forming a magnetism on a bus electrode. CONSTITUTION: A structure of an electrode in a plasma display panel comprises a transparent electrode(212) and a bus electrode(213). The transparent electrode(212) is formed on a front substrate(210). The bus electrode(213) is formed at a side end portion of an upper portion of the transparent electrode(212). The bus electrode(213) is formed with a multi-layer structure including a magnetic thin film. The bus electrode(213) further comprises the first thin film, the magnetic thin film, and the third thin film. The first film enhances an adhesive power with the transparent thin film. The magnetic thin film is formed on the first thin film. The third film is formed on the magnetic thin film.
Patent KR-20010027294-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG YUN JE
IPC: F24F1/00
Filed: 1999-09-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: An electronic expansion valve opening protective apparatus is provided to improve operation efficiency of air conditioner by maintaining the degree of opening of the electronic expansion valve constant. CONSTITUTION: A refrigerant pipe(2) with an electronic expansion valve(1) functioning as a flow control device, has a collection mesh(3) mounted in front and rear of the interior of the refrigerant pipe so as to filter foreign substances flowing along the electronic expansion valve. The portion where the refrigerant pipe equipped with the collection mesh is arranged has a diameter larger than two times or more than that of the other portion where the refrigerant pipe is not equipped with the collection mesh. Since an open/shut-off unit of the electronic expansion valve for adjusting refrigerant flow is prevented from being attached with foreign substances of indoor/outdoor air due to the collection mesh, degree of opening of the valve is maintained optimum.
Patent KR-20010027901-A (KR)
Title: Check valve assembly
Inventor: SHIN CHANG JU
IPC: F04C29/00
Filed: 1999-09-16
Abstract: PURPOSE: A check valve assembly is provided, in which the assembly adopts only the advantage of a plate type check valve assembly and a piston type check valve assembly, to thereby prevent noise and counter leakage of working fluid due to the sufficient contact area between the mixed type check valve and the discharge support. CONSTITUTION: A check valve assembly comprises a discharge support(51) having a discharge port(51a) for discharging working fluid having a pressure higher than a predetermined level; a mixed type check valve(60) having a cylindrical piston(61) and a plate(63) mounted beneath the cylindrical piston, and which is mounted onto the discharge support in such a manner that the mixed type check valve moves in vertical direction by the hydraulic pressure of the working fluid discharged through the discharge port of the discharge support, so as to thereby open/close the discharge port; and a valve housing(70) for accommodating the mixed type check valve inserted into the valve housing, and the resultant structure is fixed to the discharge support so as to thereby prevent separation of the mixed type check valve.
Patent KR-20010028246-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE MYEONG CHAN
IPC: G21F9/20
Filed: 1999-09-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for removing organic materials contained in liquid nuclear waste is provided to effectively process a variety of organic matters including a surface active agent and an oil component using an optical oxidation reactor having an ozone lamp and UV lamp. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus provides waste solution contained in a waste water storage tank(10) to a reactor(50) using a waste water pouring pump(20) to process organic materials in liquid nuclear waste. An ozone-generating lamp(51) and an UV lamp(52) are set inside the reactor to react dissolved oxygen of the liquid nuclear waste with the wavelength of 184.9nm of the ozone-generating lamp to generate O3 or £O|. Simultaneously, the organic materials are decomposed using reaction of the generated O3 and H2O2 additionally added and UV to be removed.
Patent KR-20010028252-A (KR)
Inventor: JANG GWANG PIL
IPC: C02F11/04
Filed: 1999-09-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a pretreatment method for enhancing sludge digestion efficiency, which introduces sludge into a pretreatment process before feeding sludge to an anaerobic digestion tank to reduce the quantity of sludge and improve utility of produced gas. CONSTITUTION: The pretreatment method is characterized by i) supplying alkali to sludge being conveyed from a thickening tank(2), wherein the amount of the alkali is 0.01-0.3% based on the weight of the sludge and the sludge is kept at pH 9-13; ii) grinding the sludge in a grinder pump(4); iii) contacting the grinded sludge with alkali solution for 0.5-5mins in an in-line mixer(5); iv) supplying acid to the sludge mixture in an acid storage tank(6) to reach pH 7-9; and v) feeding the pretreated sludge to an anaerobic digestion tank(7).
Patent KR-20000023344-A (KR)
Inventor: PIIJERULD STEVEN PETER
IPC: B01L3/00
Filed: 1999-09-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: Apparatus positions a chip on a storage tub, arranges many storage tubs, protects analyzing apparatus controlled for immune measurement process, prepares a complete assembly of a chip and a storage tub by having a removable protection packing member, and transmits a chip and reaction position to a final user without any damage. CONSTITUTION: Analyzing apparatus has a chip(10) of a fixed reaction arrangement. The chip is positioned on a storage tub(1) having both a base part(4) and a side wall(5). A protection packing member is positioned on the storage tub, and is a removable type. The chips(10) fully fill the base part, and is maintained in the storage tub by a maintenance part. The maintenance part has at least projection part to an inner part of the side wall. Thereby, the apparatus prepares a complete assembly of a chip and a storage tub by having a removable protection packing member, and transmits a chip and reaction position to a final user without any damage.
Patent KR-20000023365-A (KR)
Inventor: SANDER EDMUND
IPC: F16H61/22
Filed: 1999-09-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A shock buffering operation element is provided to restrain the force able to be received in a delivery rod by using a spring. CONSTITUTION: A selector lever(1) has a button(2) on its upper part. The lower part of the button is kept on the upper part by being pushed on the selector lever. A rod(4) is provided to be used as a delivery element to a latching device unlocked by being pushed on the rod. The upper part(5) of the button is latched with the lower part(3), but able to move only lengthwise and forms an operation element for the latching device. A spring(6) is provided to keep the upper part on the pause position. A cylindrical core(7) having one open side and touched to the second spring is provided to receive a second spring(8) on the upper part and is sealed by a plate(9) guided in the cylindrical core. The plate is prevented from being separated from the cylindrical core by the force of the second spring after being assembled by a radius latching protruded part(10).
Patent KR-20010036041-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG DAE HYEON
IPC: G11C7/10
Filed: 1999-10-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A latency determination circuit capable of controlling latency based on a clock frequency and a latency determination method are provided which easily decides a latency determination section and determines optimal latency according to a clock frequency. CONSTITUTION: A latency determination circuit(4) includes a latency determination instruction input unit(5), a delay(10), a latency determination section signal generating circuit(20) and a latency select circuit(30). The input unit generates an inner start signal in response to activation of a latency determination start signal that starts latency determination in synchronization with a clock signal. The delay delays the inner start signal by a predetermined time to generate a delayed signal for controlling the latency. The latency determination section generating circuit creates predetermined latency determination section signals at every edge of the clock signal in response to the latency determination start signal. The latency select circuit generates a latency select signal that decides the latency number in response to the latency determination section signals at the time when the delayed signal is activated.
Patent KR-20010036228-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM MYUNG HOON
IPC: B60J5/04
Filed: 1999-10-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A door handle maintains the eternal clean state of a handle portion and enables to open a vehicle door, simply. CONSTITUTION: A synthetic resin cover(5) having intense elastics and a color same with the color of a door body is engaged with a slant surface(3) of one side of the inner portion of a handle groove(4). Then, a spring(15), a supporting member(14) and a fitting pin(13) are installed on the inside of the synthetic resin cover(5) to increase a restoring force. Further, a releasing button(10) moved by being connected with a common door locking device is installed on an inside wall surface. Thus, if a person opens the cover(5) and pushes down the releasing button(10), the locking device is unlocked such that a vehicle door is easily opened.
Patent KR-20010037584-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YEONG SEOK
IPC: F01N1/02
Filed: 1999-10-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A muffler device for a large diesel engine for decreasing exhaust noise is provided to decrease firing noise generated when each cylinder explodes and pulsating noise in target rotary frequency of an engine. CONSTITUTION: A muffler device for a large diesel engine for decreasing exhaust noise includes a muffler cylinder(3) connected with a front pipe1 to form a L shape, a first space(8) partitioning the muffler cylinder and in which exhaust gas flows from the front pipe firstly, a second space(9) communicating with the first space through an inflow port and serving as a resonator, a third space(10) formed in the rear part of the second space with being separated from the second space, a fourth space(11) formed in the rear part of the third space, an exhaust gas guide pipe(13) installed crossing the upper part of the muffler cylinder to communicate the first space with the fourth space, a plurality of small holes(14) perforated at the exhaust gas guide pipe to be communicated with the third space, a rear pipe(15) having one end connected with the third space and the other end opened to the atmosphere by passing through the fourth space, and a plurality of small holes(16) formed at the rear pipe to be communicated with the fourth space.