Patent GB-907288-A (GB)
Title: Fluid intake for supersonic flow
Inventor: STRATFORD BRIAN STAPLETON
IPC: F02C7/04
Filed: 1958-09-10
Abstract: 907,288. Jet propulsion plant. POWER JETS (RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT) Ltd. Sept. 2, 1959 [Sept. 10, 1958], No. 29090/58. Class 110 (3). [Also in Group XXXIII] A supersonic gas turbine or ram jet engine air intake comprises, in succession going downstream, a convergent portion 5, a throat 6, and a divergent portion 7, and a bleed aperture 8a, 9a, formed in the intake wall adjacent the throat, the arrangement being such that fans of compression waves S1, S2, arising from air impingement on the walls of the convergent portion, are directed towards a focal region adjacent the aperture. Fig. 1 shows a twodimensional intake in which the apertures 8a, 9a are formed with lips 8b, 9b and lead to bleed passages 8, 9. The compression waves S1, S2 are brought to a focus just downstream of the lips 8b, 9b, where there is little or no boundary layer, and thus passage of the boundary layer through the compression waves which causes losses in the intake and possibly separation of the boundary layer, is minimized. The intake has end walls 3 (one shown) cut back at 4 to allow spillage under certain conditions, and to reduce boundary layer growth. To obviate the possibility of the normal shock wave S in the throat 6 moving upstream into the convergent section 5, the passages 8 and 9 may be split as in Fig. 2, to form bleed passages 15 and 16, and shock wave spill passages 17 and 18. If the wave S moves upstream, it will then extend across the passages 17 and 18 and increase the mass flow therethrough, to stabilize the position of the shock wave. Fig. 3 shows the aperture 8a in an alternative arrangement, wherein the compression waves S2 are brought to a focus at a point 1b on the wall 1 upstream of the lip 8b. This is stated to assist in turning the boundary layer flow into the passage 8. In a modification, Fig. 4, the wall 1 is formed with a groove 1c containing dead air, the free edge of the boundary layer bleed flow being indicated at L. Alternatively, the groove may have a cross-section shaped as a major arc of a circle, in which vortex flow is set up, Fig. 4a (not shown). A fan E of expansion waves is formed across the passage 8. In a further modification, Fig. 7 (not shown), the compression waves are not brought to an exact focus, but impinge on a small area just downstream of the lip 8b, 9b, which area is profiled to prevent reflection of the waves. The walls of the convergent portion 5 may be of a porous material through which the boundary layer is sucked. To facilitate operation under starting conditions, controllable spill ports may be provided in the convergent portion, or one of the walls 1, 2 may be translatable relatively to the other, or may be flexible. Annular three-dimensional intakes may be derived by rotating the section shown in Fig. 1 or its modifications, about the axis Y-Y, the wall 2 then forming a centre-body containing the duct 9. The divergent section 7 is then formed by an annular passage of constant radial depth diverging from the axis. The centrebody then protrudes upstream from wall 1, see Fig. 6 (not shown). As an alternative to the smoothly contoured convergent section, each wall of the latter may be built up from a series of flats, inclined at progressively greater angles to the direction of air flow, a boundary layer bleed aperture being located between each successive pair of flats, see Fig. 8 (not shown). Fig. 5 shows a form of bleed passage 8 of large section, normally containing a dead air space V bounded at a line 20 determined by the position of a spring biased closure flap 21 hinged at 22, which automatically controls the bleed flow and pressure level. On forward movement of the normal shock wave S, a large area of passage 8 is available for spillage. The passages 8, 9, 15, 16, 17 and 18 may expand the bleed flow to a high Mach number, possibly in excess of the free steam Mach number, to allow the use of large passages, stated to improve stability.