baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-800000653-B1 (KR)
Title: Connecting member for window frame
Inventor: TAZIMA KUZUO
IPC: E06B1/12
Filed: 1974-12-21
Granted: 1980-07-12
Abstract: An apparatus for connecting a vertical frame with an end of horizontal frame comprising a connecting member fixed on the side of vertical frame has an insertion dwindling ups and the side of vertical frame has an insertion dwindling ups and downs and projecting to jointing hole when it is fitted in jointing hole of the end of horizontal frame having a predetermined from and the end of jointing hole of horizontal frame is jointed under the press. with the vertical frame in horizontal by connecting said inserting said insertion of connecting member with a sharp part of a screw at the end of horizontal frame.
Patent KR-800001047-B1 (KR)
Title: Uncatalyzed aroylation of 1-alkylpyrrde-2-acetic acid
Inventor: CARSON J
IPC: C07D207/323
Filed: 1976-11-27
Granted: 1980-09-29
Abstract: 5-Aroyl-1-lower alkylpyrrole-2-acetic acid derivs. (I; R = lower alkyl; R1 = H, lower alkyl; Z = CN, COO(lower alkyl); Ar = phenyl, thienyl, nitrophenyl, methylthiophenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl lower alkyl or lower alkoxy or halogen substituted phenyl), having anti-inflammatory action, were prepd. by reaction of ArCOCl and pyrrole(II) without using catalyst in the presence of nonaqueous solvent.
Patent KR-810000391-B1 (KR)
Title: Alcohol fuel mixed with solvents for internal combustion engine
Inventor: SON BYUNG HO
IPC: C10L1/00
Filed: 1979-06-07
Granted: 1981-04-27
Abstract: This invention refers to fuel which can be used for engine instead of gasoline.  This fuel is composed of a mixture of CH3OH(59.9%), CH3ONA(10%), C7H8(25%) and C8H10(5.1%).  This mixture is effectively used for gasoline engine at a higher speed, lower speed or acceleration as good as pure gasoline.  The additions give an impetus to the combustion for enhancement of thermal efficiency.
Patent KR-820001019-B1 (KR)
Title: Multiple bed rapid pressure swing adsorption for oxygen
Inventor: EARLS D
IPC: C01B13/02
Filed: 1979-06-25
Granted: 1982-06-07
Abstract: This process relates to a rapid pressure swing system to produce at least 35% O2 product gas in which feed air at 10 to 50psig is introduced to the 1st bed end of an adsorbent bed having an end-to-end length of 1 to 3.5ft. The bed comprises mol. Sieve at least 5∦ apparent por size and 40 to 120 mesh particle size, with N2 being selectively adsorbed and O2 being continuously discharged from the 2nd end during a feed air introduction period. A reverse outward from period follows the feed air introduction period, during which oxygen purging nitrogen desorbate gas is released from the bed 1st end, all in a repetitive two step cycle sequence.
Patent KR-860000003-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for manufacturing a conductor
Inventor: SHAITO SHIKEMASA
IPC: B23K11/00
Filed: 1979-08-07
Granted: 1986-01-30
Abstract: An accumulated electric conductor is made by the joining of many electric conductors. At least two electric conductors are inserted between two electrodes having parallel surfaces. The movement of the two electrodes compresses the electric conductors with a pressure of 0.02-1 kg/mm2. The electric conductors are heated to a temperature of 270-900≰C  by an electric current between two electrodes. It is joined by quenching in water. This method has the following advantages: (a) it does not contain a solvent and has not been light soldered; (b) it has good heatresistance properties; and (c) it does not form apertures.
Patent KR-840001619-B1 (KR)
Title: Method device of variegated cloth
Inventor: ITO YOSHIDOSHI
IPC: D06B11/00
Filed: 1980-10-28
Granted: 1984-10-11
Abstract: Textile fabric(1) with dot patterns(2) is woven partially with the colorless space(3) to be variegated. The printing process(4) is carried out on the colorless space and knots to be variegated are formed thereon. Variegated textile fabric is achieved by applying variegation to the knots that are formed on the colorless space of the fabric.
Patent KR-840002482-B1 (KR)
Title: Method of power generation by supercharged internal combustion engine
Inventor: CURTIL REMI
IPC: F02B39/02
Filed: 1981-03-21
Granted: 1984-12-31
Abstract: The method of producing energy with a power generator involves  using an I.C. volumetric piston-type motor system, a supercharging air compressor system and an exhaust gas-driven turbo-motor system having mechanical and/or pneumatic couplings between. The method involves taking a bypassed compressed air flow, between the compressor system and the volumetric motor system, from the total compressed air flow discharged by the compressor system and adding the bypassed compressed air flow to the exhaust gases of the motor system between the gas outlet of the turbo-motor system.
Patent KR-850001334-B1 (KR)
Title: Power press driving method
Inventor: HEIBERGER FRANCIS E
IPC: B21D43/05
Filed: 1981-05-30
Granted: 1985-09-19
Abstract: Two press form part of a press line and have associated with them a loader, which removes workpieces from the conveyor and transfers them into the space between the upper and lower halves of the die in the press. In this system, each press controls the two axes of movement of the loader and the unloader, the movement of the output conveyor, and any associated turnover mechanism. A computer produces control signals for each of six servo-drive amplifiers responsible for ancilliary equipment operation. The computer itself receives positional information from the press drive-position sensor, which constantly monitors the angular position of the press-drive motor shaft.
Patent KR-850000541-B1 (KR)
Title: Three phase winding
Inventor: AUGINGER HERBERT
IPC: H02K3/28
Filed: 1981-07-28
Granted: 1985-04-17
Abstract: A pole-changeable three-phase winding is provided for a fractional pole pair number ratio of primary (P1) and secondary pole pair numbers (P2) according to P1;P2 = (3m±1) ; 3n(m,n being positive integers). It has base winding branches operative in both pole number levels, one third of which are associated with all three phase and with null winding branches operative only at the primary pole pair number (P1).
Patent KR-890003354-B1 (KR)
Title: Improved filtering assembler
Inventor: MAVROS STRATOS
IPC: B01D45/16
Filed: 1981-09-29
Granted: 1989-09-19
Abstract: The assembly comprises a frame for supporting a filter (14). An installation hole installs the frame for operating the frame in air conduit (12) between the first and second position coresponding to the filteration and circuit position of the filter.  The installation is made for the frame to pivot.  So, the filter operates between the first position, in which the filter perpendiculary allows air flow in air conduit, and the second position, in which the air flow directly passes a turine.
Patent KR-890001396-B1 (KR)
Title: Container for freezing and storage of foodstuffs
Inventor: DUNDEN WALTER J
IPC: B65D21/02
Filed: 1981-10-29
Granted: 1989-05-02
Abstract: The container is for the packing, freezing and storage of liquid foodstuffs.  It has an oblong open-topped rectangular body, moulded from extensible plastics sheet, with sidewalls converging towards the bottom.  The end walls also converge gently towards the bottom, one of them being deeper than the other.  The undulating bottom is joined to the side and end walls and has two transverse pockets extending vertically downwards, parallel and of the same depth.  The pocket sides also converge towards the bottom.  Two horizontal surfaces are formed in the bottom in the same plane and with one between the pockets, so that the empty containers can be stacked together.
Patent KR-860002163-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the decomposition of a complex of orthobenzoylbenzoic acid,hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride
Inventor: DEVIC MICHEL
IPC: C01B7/19
Filed: 1983-07-20
Granted: 1986-12-22
Abstract: Ortho-benzoylbenzoic acid, HF and boron triluoride was produced from decomposn. of (I), HF and boron trifluoride complex in the distn. tower having up to 8 plates and filled with inert solvent. The supplying flow rate of distn. -tower is 5-40 wt. folds. R1,R2,R3  and R4 is H, halogen or C1-5 straight or branched alkyl; m and n is 1-6. Suitable solvent for decompsn. is aliphatic halide hydrocarbon esp. methylenchloride, 1,2-dichloroethane and fluoroaromatic hydrocarbons.
Patent KR-900000458-B1 (KR)
Title: Fast curing solderable conductor
Inventor: MARTINE FRANK W
IPC: H05K/
Filed: 1984-09-28
Granted: 1990-01-30
Abstract: Fast curing soldable conductor is produced using a soln. of carboxylated vinyl which is mixed with Ag particles and a moderate length epoxy to form an ink.  This is applied to a substrate to form a film and heated  to evaporate the solvent to leave a soldable conducting film.  Pref. the substrate is a circuit board and the ink is applied by screen printing. Alternatively the substrate is Al. The ink has relatively short curing time.
Patent KR-880002532-B1 (KR)
Title: Substituted trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl amide compounds and process for the preparation thereof
Inventor: HORWELL DAVID C
IPC: C07D295/135
Filed: 1984-12-06
Granted: 1988-11-28
Abstract: Title compds. of formula (I)[R1=Me; R2=H, alkyl, cyclopropylmethyl, tetrahydrofurylmethyl; R3-furyl-methyl, CH2CH=CR3R4 or CH2-ethylene- R4; or R1+R2=alkylene; R3, R4=H, Me; n=0-6; X=O, S, CHR5  or NR6; R5=H, alkyl, aryl; R6=H, alkyl; A=(II) or (III); Y=H, F, Cl, alkyl, alkylene, aryl; X=O, S, CH2, NR7; R7=H, alkyl, aryl, acyl, or if X is CHR5, a direct bond to X  and their N'oxides, and their acid-addn. salts were prepd..  The compds. are useful for painkilling urination promotion and neurosis treatment.
Patent KR-910004801-B1 (KR)
Title: Round cable adapter for modular plug
Inventor: WOLFEL LEE A
IPC: H01R4/24
Filed: 1985-02-22
Granted: 1991-07-13
Abstract: @ Adaptor for terminating round multiconductor cable (2) to a modular phone plug (10) comprises a base (30) having a planar portion (38) with comb means (42) upstanding from one end thereof, the planar portion being received in the plug cavity (14), the comb means (42) aligning individual conductors (6) of the cable (2) with troughs underlying terminals (20) in the plug. When the anchoring member (24) of the plug (10) is hinged down into the plug cavity (14) it captures the comb means (42) in the cavity and presses the conductors against the planar portion (38).
Patent KR-890005231-B1 (KR)
Inventor: ASAMI HUMIDAKA
IPC: H03K17/22
Filed: 1985-05-18
Granted: 1989-12-18
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-910002575-B1 (KR)
Inventor: GOIDE YOSHIHARU
IPC: C04B28/08
Filed: 1986-05-15
Granted: 1991-04-27
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-900000240-B1 (KR)
Title: Vinyl chloride polymer laminate
Inventor: PATE JOSEF L
IPC: D06N3/18
Filed: 1986-05-21
Granted: 1990-01-24
Abstract: A laminate or coated product for wall-covering comprises a layer of a compounded and plasticised vinyl chloride polymer and an outlet layer adhered to it which is the crosslinked reaction product of a reactive polyester resin having free carboxylic acid groups and an amine resin.  The amino resin is an alkylated benzoguanamine-formaldehyde resin, alkylated urea-formaldehyde resin or alkylated melamine- formaldehyde resin.
Patent KR-900001702-B1 (KR)
Title: Color crt
Inventor: DOKIDA KIYOSI
IPC: H01J29/07
Filed: 1986-05-21
Granted: 1990-03-19
Abstract: The colour CRT is for suppressing the deterioration of colour purity such as colour shift of picture image while to improve the shock resistance by setting specific relation between the spring constant of resilient member and the force to be applied onto a stud pin upon fitting of the resilient member and the stud pin. The displacement of electron beam when the colour CRT is subjected to shock has close relation with the spring constant K of resilient member and the force to be applied onto the corresponding stud pin.
Patent KR-890001374-B1 (KR)
Title: Load checking signal conversion device for a elevator
Inventor: KIM JONG-O
IPC: B66B5/14
Filed: 1986-05-31
Granted: 1989-05-02
Abstract: The dummy data whose level is half of maximum output of an analog sensor (1) initially is provided from a microprocessor (3). The output of D/A converter (4) is compared with an output of (1) in a comparator (5).  When the output of (5) is positive, (3) provides the output whose level is one and half greater than the dummy data.  When the output of (5) is negative, (3) provides the output whose level is half less than the dummy data.  These processes are repeated until the output of (5) becomes zero and this output of (1) is recognized as the real data by (3).
Patent KR-940005575-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MORI AKIHIKO
IPC: B01F27/73
Filed: 1986-07-05
Granted: 1994-06-21
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-940003759-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of 4-oh qunoline carboxylic acid derivatives
Inventor: CLEMENCE FRANCOIS
IPC: C07D401/12
Filed: 1986-07-24
Granted: 1994-04-30
Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): <IMAGE> in which X at 5, 6, 7 or 8 is H, halogen, (C1-5) alkyl, (C1-4) alkoxy, -CF3, -SCF3, -OCF3, R1 is phenyl optionally substituted by at least OH, (C1-5) alkyl, (C1-4) alkoxy, CF3, NO2, halogen or a heterocyclic radical optionally substituted by a (C1-4) alkyl radical, R2 and R3 which are identical or different are H, (C1-4) alkyl, aryl, -C(:O)-R5, R5 being (C1-4) alkyl or aryl. R4 is H, (C1-4) alkyl or aryl, and their addition salts with acids and bases.
Patent KR-890004486-B1 (KR)
Title: Separatin-recovery apparatus for polyethylene and aluminium form synthetic resin waste (products)
Inventor: YOM YUN-SOO
IPC: B29B17/02
Filed: 1986-08-08
Granted: 1989-11-06
Abstract: An apparatus is provided for separating and recovering polyethylene (PE) and aluminium from synthetic resin waste.  Foiltype synthetic resin waste is fed between screw bar (10) and the inner wall of a tube and compressed at the 1st space (13") between 1st circular ring (13) and the inner tube wall.  The PE is melted by heating device so that it is separated and accumulated through outlet tube.  The waste foil having fluidity due to the remaining P.E. is compressed by moving cylinder (25) and the remaining PE is separated at the outside by the 2nd circular ring (15).  Aluminium is recovered through 2nd circular space (15"), which is formed between the 2nd circular ring and the inner wall of the moving cylinder and can be controlled according to the ratio of PE and AL.
Patent KR-900007649-B1 (KR)
Title: Poly-kringle plasminogen activator
Inventor: HUNG PAUL P
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1986-08-13
Granted: 1990-10-17
Abstract: A process for producing hygrid plasminogen activator (I) comprises (a) preparing expression vector contg. DNA sequence to code (I) contg. 2-6 heterologous polypeptide kringles, (b) transforming character by inserting expression vector to the host cell, (c) expressing (I) by culturing the character transformed cell to obtain (I). (I) preferably has a sequence encoding hybrid tPAS including; 91-(PTKaa65-248 Ser-Glu-Gly-Asn-Ser-Asp)-92-t-PA. (I) is useful for treating stroke, mycocardial infraction thromboembolism etc.
Patent KR-940007781-B1 (KR)
Inventor: STEPHAN HARTMUT
IPC: G03D3/06
Filed: 1986-08-23
Granted: 1994-08-25
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-900007018-B1 (KR)
Title: Reservation recording method for vcr
Inventor: PARK HONG-CHUL
IPC: G11B27/10
Filed: 1986-12-31
Granted: 1990-09-27
Abstract: The time and channel data of the reserved recording program input to a microprocessor (4') through a key board (3') are sorted by the broadcast sequence and stored in a memory to control the system. The time and channel data of the present address are stored in a temporary memory. When the stored time data is greater than the next one, the time and channel data are exchanged with the next ones as well as increasing of the present address. This process repeats until k=n-1 and then stops the sorting process.
Patent KR-900001801-B1 (KR)
Title: The pulse high voltage generator
Inventor: NAKAYAMA YUDAKA
IPC: H02M9/06
Filed: 1987-01-28
Granted: 1990-03-24
Abstract: A full-wave rectifier is connected to the secondary winding of a transformer.  A capacitor is connected to an output of the rectifier.  A high-speed switch rotatively driven by a synchronised motor in synchronism with the AC mains frequency is connected to the capacitor.  A discharging resistor is connected to the switch.  A setter determines an occurrence frequency of the impulse high voltage and a control conducts the thyristor at a firing angle in accordance with the occurrence frequency set to charge the capacitor and conducts the switch during the nonconductive period of the thyristor to discharge the capacitor so that the impulse high voltage is generated to the discharging resistor.
Patent KR-910002386-B1 (KR)
Inventor: LILLEY EDWARD
IPC: C01G23/00
Filed: 1987-06-16
Granted: 1991-04-20
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-960002986-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HANS OETIKER
IPC: F16L33/035
Filed: 1987-10-22
Granted: 1996-03-02
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-940001916-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HENDRICKS HOWARD F
IPC: H02P6/14
Filed: 1988-06-10
Granted: 1994-03-11
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-910002615-B1 (KR)
Title: Apparatus for discharge lamps
Inventor: KIM EUN-HYUNG
IPC: H05B41/24
Filed: 1988-07-14
Granted: 1991-04-27
Abstract: Starter  lights  lamp  by  applying  oscillator  voltage  to filament coils of lamp, while  improving  demerits  of  an  stable lighting, large power consumption and heavy stabilizer in the  old glow-type starting lamp. It also has  improved  another  types  of electronic fluorescent  lamp  in  high  cost,  bigger  size,  long asscembly hour  and  etc.  This  method  eliminates  a  protection cirlcuit by preventing transistor of generating heat. The  starter comprises  power  supply  (1),  output  voltage  divider  (2)  for fluorescent lamp (FL) and filament (F2), oscillator  (3),  voltage amplifier (4) of oscillator voltage to eliminate  heat  generation at (TR1)(TR2) and triacs (TRI1)(TRI2) shorting  two  terminals  of (F1) (F2).
Patent KR-910001075-B1 (KR)
Title: Skips of concrete mixer
Inventor: AN JONG-UN
IPC: B28C7/16
Filed: 1988-08-30
Granted: 1991-02-23
Abstract: The apparatus being attached to a concrete  mixing  truck  or agricultural vehicles like cultivator, tractor, has a boom  and  a bucket, each operated by a respective cylinder being connected  to a hydraulic  pump.  The  apparatus  is  used  for  pouring  sands, pebbles, and cement into the mixer drum, which  efficiently  makes ready-mixed-concrete even at a small limited space. The  apparatus in cludessprocket (4') being mounted at transmission gear box (3); hydraulic pump (5) connected with driving shaft (4) by chain (5"); booms (8,8') having insert hole (8,8') and  shaft  hole  (8c)  for attaching  shaft  (7')  of  boom  supporting  plate  (7);  buckets (10,10') and bucket cylinders (13a,13a') with pistons (13a,13a').
Patent KR-0132434-B1 (KR)
Inventor: NAKATSUYAMA TAKASHI
IPC: G11B27/10
Filed: 1988-09-13
Granted: 1998-04-18
Abstract: 내용없음.
Patent KR-920010563-B1 (KR)
Title: Electric vacuum cleaner
Inventor: OH KI-TAE
IPC: A47L9/00
Filed: 1988-11-09
Granted: 1992-12-07
Abstract: The vacuum cleaner has  an  automatic  running  device  using ultrasonic  sensors.  An  automatic  running   is   performed   by controlling wheels by the signals  from  the  ultrasonic  sensors, which sense obstacles and walls. The left  and  right  wheels  are driven by left and right step motors. The control device  includes ultrasonic  sensor  transmitters,  ultrasonic  sensor  modulators, ultrasonic sensor receivers, ultrasonic sensor demodulators and  a micom.
Patent KR-0132571-B1 (KR)
Title: Novel pharmaceutical composition comprising exifone and water-soluble polymer
Inventor: UEDA YOSHIO
IPC: A61K31/12
Filed: 1988-11-10
Granted: 1998-04-17
Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising exifone and a water-soluble polymer and a process for preparing it.
Patent KR-960000725-B1 (KR)
Title: Foam structure of coalesced foam strands or profiles
Inventor: MALONE BRUCE A
IPC: B29K105/04
Filed: 1988-02-17
Granted: 1996-01-12
Abstract: Improved closed cell foams, particularly suitable for use in packaging applications, comprise a plurality of coalesced parallel strands or profiles of thermoplastic resin. When the resin is a non-aromatic olefin, the heat seal strength of a film thereof is at least 30 Newtons/inch (2.5 cm) width. Preferably, the resin is a mixture of an olefin polymer resin and a copolymer of ethylene with one or more copolymerizable comonomers having a lower melting point than the olefin polymer resin. The cross-section of the strands or profiles and/or their spacial arrangement advantageously are such that they are joined at their extremities to form a network defining voids. The resin may contain up to 50 weight percent of a nucleating agent, preferably carbon black. The strands and profiles suitably are extruded through a multi-orificed die in which some orifices are temporarily blocked off to produced the desired structural shape.
Patent KR-920003754-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MURAMATSU GUNIO
IPC: G06F5/12
Filed: 1989-06-09
Granted: 1992-05-09
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-940006377-B1 (KR)
Title: Developing cassette in a copier
Inventor: KIM KYONG-HWAN
IPC: G03G15/08
Filed: 1989-06-30
Granted: 1994-07-20
Abstract: The toner supply tube is designed horizontally so that toner volume is increased and the drum is protected from scrach by a drum cover and a removing mechanism. The cassette comprises a photo sensitive drum, a removable catridge having horizontal toner tube having the same length as the length of a head drum, a toner transfer unit for transferring toner from a toner tube to the photo-sensitive drum, and a cover for protecting the photo-sensitive drum.
Patent KR-920004078-B1 (KR)
Inventor: WATANABE ISATO
IPC: G04C3/14
Filed: 1989-12-26
Granted: 1992-05-23
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-0138906-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SHIN MYUNG-KYU
IPC: H01L21/56
Filed: 1989-12-30
Granted: 1998-06-01
Abstract: 요약서 없음.
Patent KR-910008732-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for preparing saccaride derivatives for using reverse hydrolysis of enzyine
Inventor: LEE DAE-SHIL
IPC: C07H1/00
Filed: 1990-01-22
Granted: 1991-10-19
Abstract: A process for preparing saccharide deriv. of formula  (I)  [R is methyl,  ethyl,  isopropyl  or  monosacchride   comprises:  (a) mixing one or more organic solvents with  alkyl  boric  acid,  and dissolving carbohydrate; (b) treating the soln.  with  glycosidase at 15-90 deg.C and pH 3-10 for forming glycoside  bond  to  obtain the final  product.   The   carbohydrate   is   mono-,   di-   or polysaccharide. The organic solvent is  petroleum  ether,  hexane, octane,    toluene,    benzene,    chloroform, isopropylether, ethylacetate, cyclohexanone,  tetrahydrofuran,  dioxane,  acetone, etc..   The   glycosidase   is   glucosidase,   galactosidase   or mannosidase.
Patent KR-0134187-B1 (KR)
Inventor: JOHNSON MICHAEL A
IPC: C09J7/10
Filed: 1990-02-20
Granted: 1998-04-18
Abstract: 내용없음.
Patent KR-0150216-B1 (KR)
Inventor: LARSON BRENT D
IPC: G03G15/043
Filed: 1990-03-23
Granted: 1998-12-15
Abstract: 내용없음.
Patent KR-0171892-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of bromosubstituted aromatic esters of alfa beta unsaturated acids
Inventor: FISHLER THEODOR-MOREL
IPC: C07C67/00
Filed: 1990-03-27
Granted: 1999-03-30
Abstract: A process for the preparation of bromo-substituted aromatic esters of  alpha , beta -unsaturated acids of the formula <CHEM>  wherein:  n is 1 or 2,  x = 6-n, and  R and R min  are hydrogen or alkyl; comprises reacting a salt of an  alpha , beta -unsaturated acid and an alkali with a bromo-substituted benzyl halide in an inert substantially water-immiscible solvent and in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst.
Patent KR-930011752-B1 (KR)
Inventor: CARTIER GEORGE E
IPC: C08J7/04
Filed: 1990-04-09
Granted: 1993-12-20
Abstract: 내용 없음.