baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-604959-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for the catalytic treatment of hydrocarbons
IPC: C23F11/18
Filed: 1945-12-10
Abstract: In the treatment of hydrocarbon feed stocks with solutions of aryl sulphonic acids in organic solvents to remove sulphur, remove colour, or enhance the octane member, the corrosive action of the solutions is prevented by adding a small quantity of arsenic, as the element or a compound, e.g. sodium meta-arsenite, arsenic trioxide or arsenic acid.  Generally .013-.0013 gram moles of arsenic per 100 g. of solution are used, i.e. less than 1 per cent by weight.  Benzene, toluene, and naphthalene sulphonic acids are given as examples of aryl sulphonic acids, and hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and homologues as examples of aromatic solvents.  Generally 5-60 per cent by volume of sulphonic acid in the solvent is employed.  Temperatures may vary from about 100-400 DEG  F. and vapour or liquid phase may be maintained.  In an example, toluene is heated to 240-250 DEG  F. and passed upwards against toluene sulphonic acid containing arsenic pentoxide dissolved in toluene.  The catalyst is separated and the treated material fractionated and washed with alkali.ALSO:In the treatment of hydrocarbons with solutions of aryl sulphonic acids in organic solvents, the corrosive action of the solutions is prevented by adding a small quantity of arsenic, as the element or a compound, e.g. sodium metaarsenite, arsenic trioxide or pentoxide or arsenic acid.  Generally .013-.0013 gram moles. of As per 100 g. of solution are used, i.e. less than 1 per cent by weight.  The process is applicable to purifications such as desulphurization, condensations, and polymerizations, and removal of olefins from toluene.  Benzene, toluene, and naphthalene sulphonic acids are given as examples of aryl sulphonic acids, and hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and homologues as examples of aromatic solvents.  Generally 5-60 per cent by volume of sulphonic acid in the solvent is employed. Temperatures may vary from about 100-400 DEG  F., and vapour or liquid phase may be maintained.  Toluene may be heated to 240-250 DEG  F. and passed upwards against toluene sulphonic acid plus arsenic pentoxide dissolved in toluene, the treated hydrocarbon, after separating catalyst being fractionated and alkali washed.  Comparative figures for the corrosion of steel strip by boiling toluene solutions of toluene sulphonic acid with and without added arsenic are given.
Patent GB-895611-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to photoelectric tracing device
IPC: B23Q35/128
Filed: 1959-10-02
Abstract: 895,611. Electric copying machines. UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION. Oct. 2, 1959 [Oct. 3, 1958], No. 33418/59. Class 38 (6). [Also in Group XL (b)] In an automatically-controlled flame-cutter in which the torch is guided by a photo-electric head following a template, and in which the head includes an optical system to produce an image of the template on to the photo-cell, compensation for kerf-width and cutter lead is made by moving the axis of the optical system relative to the cell. The machine consists basically of a head H having a driving-motor 1 and a steering motor 7. The steering motor adjusts the vertical axis of the drive motor 1 and also rotates the optical system 10 so that the photocell 11 is always oscillated at right-angles to the template by the electromagnet 17. A lens L produces an image of the template on the cell 11. The lens mount 12 is pivoted at 25 so that adjustment of the screw 21 displaces its axis with respect to the cell to provide kerf-width compensation. In alternative embodiments, the lens itself may be pivoted in one plane to provide adjustment for cutter lead, whilst the mount is pivoted in a plane at right angles for kerf-width compensation, or the optical axis may be moved by a mirror, or a rectangular prism, or a triangular prism, and these may in turn be combined with an adjustable lens mount.
Patent GB-375199-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of alkyl halides
IPC: C07C17/16
Filed: 1931-04-29
Abstract: Alkyl chlorides or bromides are obtained by the action in the liquid phase and at a temperature exceeding 100 DEG  C. of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid on the corresponding alcohol, which has not been saturated with gaseous hydrohalogen acid. In the examples, (1) a mixture of 10 kgs. of ethyl alcohol and 25 kgs. of 35 per cent hydrochloric acid is forced under pressure through a tube or bundle of tubes suitable for heat exchange, the inner surface of which is coated with silver.  The mixture is heated to 125 DEG  C., and passes through the reaction chamber in 25 minutes, the pressure rising meanwhile to 16 atmospheres.  From the product, which consists of ethyl chloride, water, and a little hydrochloric acid, the ethyl chloride is separated in either the liquid or the gaseous state. (2) 10 kgs. of methyl alcohol and 55 kgs. of 40 per cent hydrobromic acid are heated to 140 DEG  C. as described in example (1).  The reaction is complete in 6 minutes at a pressure of 25 atmospheres.
Patent GB-1456944-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous stoving lacquer containing a water-miscilbe reactive diluent
IPC: C09D167/00
Filed: 1975-08-15
Abstract: 1456944 Lacquers BAYER AG 15 Aug 1975 [17 Aug 1974] 34051/75 Heading C3R An aq. stoving lacquer (L) contains a reactive diluent (C) containing caprolactam. (L) may contain, by wt., based on components (A)-(D), 20-80% (A) a polymer containing COOH groups or salts thereof and OH groups, 5-40% (B) a water-dilutable cross-linkable aminoplast, 1-60% (C), and 0-20% (D) water dilutable organic solvents. Also present may be (E) pigments and/or further auxiliary agents. (A) may be a polyester free of fatty acids and oils, or oil- or fatty-acid-modified alkyd resins, polyepoxide, polyurethane, a polyether, and (B) may be a urea or melamine resin. (L) may contain 70-95% water and 90-5% components (A)- (D). The COOH groups of (A) may have been partially or completely neutralized with primary, secondary or tertiary amines or alkali hydroxides. (E) may comprise mono- or polyols.
Patent GB-638863-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a process and apparatus for pelleting dry, flocculentcarbon black
IPC: C09C1/60
Filed: 1946-11-19
Abstract: Dry flocculent carbon black is pelleted by continuously elevating in a rotating vessel one side of an elongated bed of carbon black pellets and flocculent carbon black to effect a transverse downward rolling of the elevated particles over the bed, passing pellets from <PICT:0638863/III/1> <PICT:0638863/III/2> one end to the other of the bed as recycle material, adding flocculent carbon black intermediate the ends of the bed so that the ratio by weight of recycle material to flocculent black is at least 2/3 to 1 and removing non-recycled pellets as product. Raw carbon black, after passage through a micropulverizer, if desired, is fed as equal increments to rotatable cylindrical mill 11, through one or more spaced openings 33, by means of conveyer screw 13 in stationary central tube 12 which is supported on I-beams 40.  The carbon black is cascaded with carbon black pellets by rotating the mill 11 by rubber-tyred wheels 36 and the consolidated pellets proceed towards the outlet end of the mill where they are removed through openings 27 to hopper 20 where the coarse mesh cloth 21 separates scale and foreign matter.  The pellets are divided without sizing by damper 23 into tube 25 for product and tube 24 for recycling pellets direct to the charge end of the mill by conveyer belt 26 and hopper 28.  The size of openings 27 and the depth of the pellet bed may be varied by sliding covers 31.  One or more spring-loaded scrapers 39, Fig. 6, may be rigidly attached to central tube 12.  Specification 621,031 is referred to.
Patent GB-836967-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to billet containers for metal extrusion presses
IPC: B21C29/02
Filed: 1958-10-27
Abstract: 836,967. Extruding. BALDWIN-LIMAHAMILTON CORPORATION. Oct. 27, 1958 [Dec. 30, 1957], No. 34277/58. Addition to 765,496. Class 83 (4). A billet container for a metal extrusion press, according to the parent Specification, has its temperature control elements 70 accommodated in segments 50, 51 inserted in annular cavities 26 between adjacent container rings 18, 19. The rings are shrunk on a liner holder 16 which is shrunk on a liner 14. The segments 50, 51 have a plurality of radial slots 54, Fig. 3 (not shown) for accommodating electric resistance heaters 70, Fig. 7, which are surrounded by reflector shields 74. The segments 50 also have radial and inclined holes 80-83, Fig. 3 (not shown), for receiving thermostat elements or thermocouples which both control the heating as described in the parent Specification and transmit the temperature to recording instruments. The annular cavities 26 are closed by split rings 94. Further split rings 110 on the outer rings 19 have keyways 114, Fig. 6 (not shown) for locating the container in a container holder.
Patent GB-872747-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electrical heating apparatus
Inventor: WILKINSON KENNETH JOSEPH
IPC: A47B31/02
Filed: 1958-10-28
Abstract: 872,747. Combined table and heater. SPIRAL TUBE & COMPONENTS CO. Ltd. Oct. 27, 1959 [Oct. 28, 1958; Dec. 1, 1958; March 12, 1959], Nos. 34406/58, 38601/58 and 8510/59. Class 52(3). [Also in Group XI] A table, cabinet or like piece of furniture 10 has fixed to the underside a heater comprising electrical heating elements 26, a motor and a fan 36.
Patent GB-1224169-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thorium-free optical glass
IPC: C03C3/15
Filed: 1967-07-26
Abstract: 1,224,169. Thorium-free optical glass. PILKINGTON BROS. Ltd., R. J. PARRY, R. DUNNING, A. FORBER, and G. A. HIGHAM. 6 June, 1968 [26 July, 1967], No. 34419/67. Heading C1M. A thorium-free optical glass contains by weight as the essential ingredients from 37% to 45% of B 2 O 3 , from 45% to 53% of La 2 O 3 , and from 0.5% to 4À5% of Al 2 O 3 , and, as optional ingredients, up to 6% of SiO 2 , up to 3% of CaO, and up to 10% of SrO. The glass preferably contains fluorine in a proportion by weight of up to 1.5%. The optical glasses may have a refractive index between 1À69 and 1À71, and a relative dispersion between 55À25 and 56.5.
Patent GB-185690-A (GB)
Title: Stitch forming mechanism for chain-stitch sewing machines
IPC: D05B57/04
Filed: 1921-12-22
Abstract: 185,690. Fairweather, W., (Singer Manufacturing Co.). Dec. 22, 1921. Loop-stitching; thread-cutters.-In a machine with a laterally vibrating work-holder means are provided for positioning the needle-thread loop uniformly in relation to a rotary looper 12 regardless of the position of the previous stitch, and for taking up temporarily the thread-loop slack after the loop has passed round the, outer end of the looper. The needle-thread loop is positioned by means of a fixed finger 18 and the. rotary looper 12 is given sideways movements for the purpcse of placing the loop upon the finger. The slack of the thread loop is taken up temporarily by a projection 14 on the looper which engages a limb of the loop. This prevents the loop from whipping round the end of the spur 18. A thread-cutter 22, Fig. 2, mounted on a bell-crank lever 23, is actuated to cut the thread by the. stop mechanism, through the draw-bar 25. An oscillating needle-guard is provided and a loop-controlling finger bears lightly on the looper surface.
Patent GB-1270957-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to elastic hosiery products
Inventor: NESSMANN WERNER
IPC: D04B11/28
Filed: 1969-07-09
Abstract: 1,270,957. Knitting. FEINSTRUMPFWERKE ESDA VEB. 9 July, 1969, No. 34585/ 69. Heading D1K. A hosiery article is knitted of a two-filament 18 denier elastic yarn, each filament of equal denier, having approximately 3200 twists per metre, with ends of s and z twist in alternate courses. The fabric has an elongation of approximately 500%.
Patent GB-438917-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J19/52
Filed: 1934-12-03
Abstract: 438,917. Thermionic valves. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd., Electra House, Victoria Embankment, London. (Assignees of Dreyer, K. ; 48, Hauxhurst Avenue, Weehawken, New Jersey, U.S.A.) Dec. 3, 1934, No. 34746. Convention date, Dec. 1, 1933. [Class 39 (i)] The electrode assembly of a thermionic valve is resiliently held in position by flat mica springs 17, the ends of which bear against the walls of a cylindrical portion of the valve envelope. The springs 17 are attached to the upper mica 16 of the electrode assembly by metal clips 18 made from blanks of the form shown in Fig. 4, bent at the dotted lines into the shape shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The clips have lugs 19, 20 for holding the springs 17, slots 22 to engage the mica 16 and grooves 21 to hold the side rods of the electrode assembly. Instead of the lugs 19, 20 the clips may be provided with pointed tongues to hold the springs 17.
Patent GB-941547-A (GB)
Title: Milling process and device for the surface treatment of prismatic units of brittle materials such as steam-cured lightweight cellular concrete
IPC: B28D7/04
Filed: 1962-09-13
Abstract: 941,547. Milling stone. YTONG INTERNATIONAL A.B. Sept. 13, 1962 [Sept. 14, 1961], No. 35002/62. Heading B5E. An apparatus for milling prismatic units, such as cellular concrete blocks, the opposite longitudinal sides of which are parallel, comprises a base 10 having at least two milling units 21, 22, each including two contra-rotating cutters 23 24, and 25, 26, respectively, the apparatus having a V-shaped supporting surface 11 attached to the base, the angle between the sides of the supporting surface being equal to that between the supporting sides of the prismatic unit to be milled. The supporting surface is formed from metal strips 14 connected together by bars 15, the strips being mounted on brackets 12, 13. The milling cutters are driven by electric motors 27 and each pair of cutters are staggered to span the width of the longitudinal faces of the blocks. The block is fed past the cutters by means of a chain conveyer 16 passing over pulleys 17, 18 which may be moved apart in order to tension the chain. Swedish Specification 152,026 is referred to.
Patent GB-1449615-A (GB)
Title: Candles
IPC: C11C5/00
Filed: 1973-07-24
Abstract: 1449615 Printing on candles D HUDSON 5 June 1974 [24 June 1973] 35116/73 Heading B6C [Also in Divisions C4-C5] A candle bearing written and/or decorative matter printed directly onto an outer surface thereof may be prepared by a treatment process in which the outer surface of candle is subjected to a silk screen printing technique. When the candle is of circular section it may be supported for rotational movement about its longitudinal axis, e.g. by being laid horizontally on a pair of rollers, a silk screen being displaced tangentially with respect to the outer surface of the candle, one side of the silk screen contacting the outer surface of the candle following rub displacement, and the squeegee being urged into contact with the other side of the silk screen at a position opposite the outer surface of the candle, the candle rotating to present to the silk screen further parts of its outer surface as screen displacement continues and printing progresses. When tha candle has a flat surface, e.g. a rectangular section candle, the silk screen and the flat surface of the candle may be brought into engagement and together displaced with respect to the squeegee for the latter to wipe that side of the silk screen opposite to that in contact with the flat surface.
Patent GB-1523669-A (GB)
Title: Slide scanning system
IPC: G02B7/28
Filed: 1976-08-24
Abstract: 1523669 Object location & display system HONEYWELL Inc 24 Aug 1976 [25 Aug 1975] 35185/76 Heading G1A [Also in Division G3] An optical system for locating and displaying objects (e.g. white blood cells) on a slide comprises a mechanical scanner 21 moving a spot along a line in the X direction across the slide and generating a signal indicating spot position, Y drive means for advancing the slide in the Y direction so that successive scans are along substantially contiguous zones, a sensor for sensing the scanning spot brightness, object detecting circuitry fed by the sensor, storage means for storing the spot position when an object is detected, means for driving the slide in the X direction and control means which interrupts the Y drive when a spot is detected, operates the X drive to centre the spot for observation and then returns the slide to its previous position. The system is intended for finding white blood cells on a slide, determining their position and centreing them on a miscroscope stage for direct or TV observation. An automatic focusing system is also incorporated. The system will also move a slide to a predetermined position for further study. Slide 12 is placed on stage 13 which is moved in the X, Y and Z directions by drivers 34 which also carry position or displacement encoders. The stage 13 is in a microscope so that the slide can be observed directly via 20 or by a TV system 19, 31. The slide is also observed by scanning system 21 which scans in the X direction across pinholes 22, 23 associated with the cell find circuitry 32 and auto focus circuitry respectively. Circuits 32, 33 are connected via buffer and storage circuit 69 to a microprocessor 70 with keyboard input 30 and display 30A and printer 30B outputs. The mechanical scanner 21 comprises a galvanometer with series resistor across which a position voltage signal is derived. It is fed by a sine wave generator; a portion between two opposite polarity peaks being used for the scan. The buffer circuit 69 incorporates on A/D converter for digitizing the analogue inputs when required and a memory with a plurality of locations for storage of the digital signals. Cell find circuit 32 The attenuation caused by a white cell is greater than that from a red cell. The scan signal level is compared with a fraction of the signal from a peak hold circuit to produce a "white cell" signal and is prevented from producing a further signal when two cells occur too close together. The positions of each white cell is digitized and stored and, at the end of the X scan the slide is moved to centre the first cell on the screen. Autofocus circuit 33 Functions when the cell is centred. The field is scanned, using a sawtooth signal on the mechanical scanner, at a succession of different Z positions. The output signal is differentiated, rectified and integrated and the result of each scan is digitized and stored. The maximum value is taken as the correct focus position and the storage is driven to this position.
Patent GB-654268-A (GB)
Title: Improved process for preparing quaternary salts
IPC: C08F8/00
Filed: 1947-12-31
Abstract: A quaternary salt of a polymer or copolymer containing a basic tertiary nitrogen atom is made by heating the polymer or copolymer or monomer or monomer mixture dissolved in an inert liquid with a non-dye-forming alkyl salt, the quaternary salt being precipitated if it is insoluble in the inert liquid or the salt isolated by adding a liquid which is a nonsolvent for it, e.g. butyl acetate. Specified polymers are poly-2-vinyl pyridine, poly-4-vinyl pyridine, poly-2-vinyl quinoline and poly-beta-diethylamino-ethyl-alpha-methacrylate.  Copolymers mentioned are beta-diethylaminoethyl - alpha - methacrylate with alphamethacrylic acid or styrene, and 2-vinyl pyridine and styrene. Specified monomers are 2- and 4-vinyl pyridines.  The alkyl salt may be the methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-amyl, isoamyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl or n-lauryl salt of p-toluenesulphonate or benzenesulphonate or the dialkyl salts, of the above radicals, of sulphuric acid.  The inert liquid may be methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or butyl alcohol, the monomethyl or ethyl ether of ethylene glycol, the monethyl ether of diethylene glycol, ethyl lactate, betahydroxyethyl acetate, 1-4-dioxane, ethylene glycol formal, formamide, ethyl cyanoacetate, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, amyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone.  In an example the copolymer of beta-diethylaminoethyl-alpha-methacrylate and alpha-methacrylic acid is made by adding the methacrylate to a heated mixture of alpha-methacrylic anhydride, 1-4-dioxane and benzoyl peroxide, heating for a further 16 hours, cooling, adding water and precipitating the copolymer by pouring the mixture into acetone. Specifications 654,266, [Group XX], and 654,267 are referred to.
Patent GB-818745-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a device for suppressing undesired oscillations in alternating current circuits
IPC: H02H9/00
Filed: 1957-11-14
Abstract: 818,745. Protective arrangements. TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L. M. ERICSSON. Nov. 14, 1957 [Dec. 6, 1956], No. 35514/57. Class 38 (4). A circuit for suppressing unwanted fundamental and subharmonic ferromagnetic oscillations in A.C. circuits comprising capacitors and non-linear inductive reactances such as in a condenser voltage divider C1, C2, feeding a load T, B comprises a damping resistor Rd connected in series with an inductor Lsp across a capacitor Cd. Currents of the fundamental and near fundamental frequencies, will pass through the capacitor, but subharmonic currents and abnormally high currents of fundamental frequencies will saturate the reactor Lsp, thus causing resistor Rd to dissipate the unwanted energy.
Patent GB-1360970-A (GB)
Title: Electrodecantation of electrolytic baths
IPC: C25D13/24
Filed: 1970-07-22
Abstract: 1360970 Electro-decantation of electrolytic baths IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 12 July 1971 [22 July 1970] 35516/70 Heading C7B An electro-coating bath 2, comprising ionized material and counterion and having at least one electrode 5 used to effect a principal electrolytic process, e.g. electro-deposition of organic filmforming material or electro-plating with metal, is concentrated by electro-decantation by introducing at least part of the main bath composition into at least one open chamber defined in the bath at least in part by at least two opposed barriers 14 of material impermeable to ionized material but permeable to counterion, and passing current between the electrode and another (e.g. an article 3 to be coated) through the barriers and across the or each chamber so that components of the introduced composition which accumulate in the region of the barrier surfaces are separated and removed from the or each chamber e.g. by suction and a device 13 composition enriched in ionized material is returned to the main com-  position. The current passed may also simultaneously effect the principal electrolytic process, e.g. the electro-coating of article 3, a composition depleted in ionized coating material being withdrawn from the chamber(s) to rinse a coated article and returned to the main composition. As shown the opposed barriers are preferably vertical and planar in parallel relationship separated by spacers, at least one barrier comprising an ion exchange membrane. The counter-electrode 5 may be located in a liquid tight chamber 7 bounded by outer impermeable walls of the electrode casing 6 and an inner ion exchange membrane wall 8, the chamber being flushed continuously or periodically through inlet and outlet ports 9 and 10. For coating, negatively charged coating material and positively charged counterions, e.g. polycarboxylic acid resin and alkali metal or ionized amine base, with pigment may be used. Specifications 1106979 and 1069841 are referred to.