baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-391774-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the reduction of nitrogen containing organic compounds
Filed: 1931-10-22
Abstract: The reduction of nitro compounds and of reducible reduction products of nitro compounds (e.g. azoxy or azo compounds), especially to hydrazo compounds, preferably in alkaline media, is effected by the reducing action of iron having an extended surface in relation to its mass prepared from compounds of iron by methods which avoid sintering or fusion of the metal.  Pyrophoric iron is particularly suitable whilst spongy iron may also be employed. The iron may be prepared by the reduction of precipitated iron p  hydroxide or of iron oxide obtained by heating the nitrate, or by the decomposition of iron carbonyl, e.g. by heat.  In the last case the iron may be produced in situ.  The activity of the iron may, if desired, be enhanced by pretreatment with caustic soda or metal salt solutions or both.  The reduction of nitro compounds may be carried out at elevated temperatures, e.g. 90-100 DEG  C., preferably in the absence of oxygen, and if desired in the presence of diluents, e.g. hydrocarbons or alcohol.  According to the Provisional Specification, it may be carried out in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, e.g. in nitrogen or hydrogen.  When hydrazo compounds are produced they may be converted, after isolation if necessary, into benzidine or substituted benzidines by treatment with acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid, preferably without heating.  Derivatives such as the acetyl or benzoyl derivatives of benzidine may be obtained directly by heating the hydrazo compound with the organic acid or anhydride or a mixture thereof. The process is also applicable to the production of amino, azo or azoxy compounds.  In an example nitrobenzene is reduced by means of caustic soda and very finely divided iron obtained by reducing iron oxide with hydrogen or by thermal decomposition of iron carbonyl, yielding azoxybenzene, which is further reduced to azobenzene, and this in turn to hydrazobenzene.  This product is converted into benzidine by stirring in the cold hydrochloric acid. Other starting materials specified are nitrotoluenes, nitroanisoles and nitroxylenes.  The caustic soda may be replaced wholly or in part by alkaline earth oxides or hydroxides, e.g. lime.ALSO:Iron is obtained in a form having an extended surface in relation to its mass, particularly in finely divided form, by the reduction of precipitated iron hydroxide or of iron oxide prepared by the action of heat on the nitrate.  In an example, iron oxide is reduced by means of hydrogen, yielding very finely divided iron.
Patent GB-734035-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to electric switches
Inventor: BARDEN ALFRED EVERSFIELD
IPC: H01H1/58
Filed: 1952-11-20
Abstract: 734,035. Couplings. REYROLLE & CO., Ltd., A. Nov. 20, 1953 [Nov. 20, 1952], No. 29382/52. Class 38 (1). [Also in Group XXXVII] The movable contact of a switch is connected to a fixed terminal member by a longitudinally contractible conducting member carried by a rigid insulating support and comprising a zig-zag structure built up of two or more toggle sections 14 whereof at least the hinges are each formed by a number of superposed flexible conducting strips 15 having their adjacent ends mechanically secured together as by blocks 16. The sections are joined so that the longest strip in one section faces the opposite way to the longest strip in the next section. The blocks 16 may be grooved at 19 to receive pins 18 when adjacent blocks are secured together as by fish plates bolted to threaded boles 20. Blocks 16<1> having flanges 21 may be directly secured together by bolts 22. In an alternative construction the strips 15 may be continuous from one section to the next, being gripped together at certain points so that the shortest strip in one section becomes the longest in the next and vice versa. The conducting member may be mounted between two insulating rods having longitudinal grooves which act as guides for projecting portions of pins 18 when the member is caused to contract or expand.
Patent GB-1106678-A (GB)
Title: Pneumatic nailing machine
IPC: B25C1/04
Filed: 1966-06-30
Abstract: 1,106,678. Nailing machines. K. REICH. 30 June, 1966 [9 July, 1965], No. 29405/66. Heading B4C. A pneumatic nailing machine has a perciussion piston 9, Fig. 1, movable in a main cylinder 5 communicating via an inlet valve with a compressed air supply line 10, and with a reversing valve 49 which at the end of each blow of the percussion piston on a nail 16 is moved from a normal to a reversing position in which it causes the piston to be returned to its inactive position. When it arrives in this position it is automatically returned to its normal position in Which the piston strikes another blow on the same nail. A compressed air inlet valve, actuated by compressed air, has a large flow passage controlled via a control channel by a control valve 54, and the reversing valve 49 is interposed between two sections of the control channel of the control valve. As described the machine comprises a cylindrical housing 1 containing two concentric cylinders 4, 5, which form chambers 6, 7, 8. The outer chamber is directly connected with the air line. The upper part of the main control has a slide valve 27; when this is open an annular chamber 37 communicates via apertures 26 in the outer cylinder with the compressed air source. The chamber 37 communicates with the main cylinder chamber 8. In operation, when a trigger 76 is pulled a valve port 68 of the control valve 54 is closed. Compressed air acts on the front 28 of the slide valve 27 and shifts it upwards, the air passing into the chamber 8 and propelling the piston 9 so that the striker pin 11 hits the nail 16. During the power stroke of the percussion piston 9 the reversing valve 49 is maintained in its normal position. When the trigger 76 is pulled and the pressure in the chamber 7 reaches a predetermined strength at the end of a stroke, the reversing valve piston 56 is mounted upwards along a port 51 arid opening a port 52. The compressed air then passes from the outer chamber 6 via the valve 49 into a chamber 39 to close the slide valve. Compressed air in the chamber 7 passes into the lower part of the chamber 8 to propel the piston 9 back to its neutral position. When the striker pin 11 emerges from the bore 13 the differential piston 56 is moved back, the reversing valve 49 returns to its normal position and the cycle continues until the trigger is released. After the control valve 54 is returned to its inactive position, compressed air is permitted to escape via a choke bore 73. In modifications, the reversing valve is held in normal position by a spring 156, Fig. 2, and the control valve 54 may be returned to neutral positon by compressed air pressing open the valve member 66 when the trigger 76 is released. The valve 78, actuated by the piston 9 when at the lower end of the chamber 8 may be connected to the nail feeding mechanism by a conduit 77, so as to feed a new nail when the valve 78 is closed. The nail is held in position by jaws 17.
Patent GB-674011-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing mixtures of indiarubber or like plastic substances
IPC: C08K3/22
Filed: 1949-11-18
Abstract: Synthetic rubber compositions of improved tensile strength after vulcanization include finely-divided alumina monohydrate as a filler. The filler may be prepared by grinding natural bauxites containing the monohydrate, or by heat-treatment of alumina trihydrate (see Group III).  A mixture consists of butadienestyrolene copolymer, zinc oxide, pine tar, stearic acid, sulphur, benzothiazyl disulphide, tetramethylthiuram disulphide, and alumina monohydrate. Specification 663,459, [Group III], is referred to.ALSO:Finely-divided alumina monohydrate, for use as a filler in rubber or like plastic compositions (see Groups IV (a) and V), is prepared by heating alumina trihydrate in an autoclave at 120 DEG -250 DEG C in the presence of water or an aqueous solution of sodium aluminate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or aluminium sulphate.  The alumina trihydrate may be obtained according to Specification 663,459.
Patent GB-244078-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved process for obtaining products from gypsum
IPC: C04B7/04
Filed: 1925-11-23
Abstract: Calcium sulphate is heated with silica or with a siliceous material such as argillaceous shale, in a stream of heating gases of neutral or oxidizing character containing at least 15 per cent of steam, to a temperature of 1100 DEG  C. or more so as to obtain sulphur dioxide and calcium silicate or cement.  The proportions may be such that a mono-calcium or di-calcium silicate is produced.  When argillaceous shale or the like is used the proportions may be such as to yield a cement, i.e. such as to give a final product containing two parts of calcium oxide to one part of silica, alumina and iron oxide taken together.  The heating may be effected with a fuel containing a large proportion of hydrogen such as oil, or producer-gas from lignite, in which case steam from a separate source is unnecessary.ALSO:Calcium sulphate is heated with silica or with a siliceous material such as argillaceous shale, in a stream of heating gases of neutral or oxidizing character containing at least 15 per cent of steam to a temperature of 1100 DEG  C. or more so as to obtain sulphur dioxide and calcium silicate or cement.  The proportions may be such that a mono-calcium or di-calcium silicate is produced.  When argillaceous shale or the like is used the proportions may be such as to yield a cement, i.e., such as to give a final product containing two parts of calcium oxide to one part of silica, alumina and iron oxide taken together.  The heating may be effected with a fuel containing a large proportion of hydrogen such as oil, or producer-gas from lignite, in which case steam from a separate source is unnecessary.
Patent GB-633676-A (GB)
Title: An insect repelling mixture
IPC: A61K8/92
Filed: 1947-11-06
Abstract: An insect repelling composition for application to man, animal or inanimate objects, comprises a mixture of eucalyptus, juniper berry, basil and camphor oils, preferably in the proportion of 50 per cent by weight of eucalyptus oil and 50 per cent by weight of a mixture of equal parts of the other oils.  The compositions may include up to 5 per cent of perfume with or without the further addition of one or more of the following:-juice extract from the stem or foliage of the tomato plant, powdered flower clusters of the corn marigold (chrysanthemum), extract of husks of black elderberries and extract of stems and foliage of marsh-rosemary. The extracts are prepared by treating 100 parts of material with 10 to 15 parts of alcohol at normal temperatures.
Patent GB-1141859-A (GB)
Title: Thermosettable coating vehicles and coating compositions of the same
Inventor: ZIMMERMAN ROBERT LANE
IPC: C09D157/04
Filed: 1967-06-27
Abstract: 1,141,859. Modified epoxy resins; addition polymer compositions. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 27 June, 1967, No. 29650/67. Headings C3B and C3P. [Also in Division B2] A thermosettable liquid coating vehicle is prepared by first reacting at least one epoxy resin with at least one alkanolamine to give an adduct which is further reacted in the presence of a liquid which is sufficiently volatile to take part in spray coating processes with a waterinsoluble film-forming polymer containing free carboxyl and/or carboxylic acid anhydride groups. The latter may be an alkyd resin having an acid number from 20 to 175 or a vinyl addition polymer having up to 1 g. equivalent weight of carboxylic acid groups per 100 g. of polymer. From 0À7 to 1À5 moles of alkanolamine may be reacted with each equivalent weight of epoxy resin in the first stage. In the second stage the alkanolamine-epoxy resin adduct may be reacted with the free carboxyl group containing polymer in proportions so as to provide from 0À2 to 2 equivalents of alkanolamine per equivalent weight of carboxylic acid. The alkanolamine, which may be ethanolamine, diethanolamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine or mixtures thereof may be volatile at the temperature used in the thermosetting reaction. The epoxy resin may be any of the conventional commercially available resins especially the diglycidyl ethers of 1,8-bis-(hydroxyphenyl)-pentadecane and of 2,2-bis-(hydroxyphenyl) propane. The solvent used may be xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butanol, propanol or water; when water is used the film-forming polymer is in the form of an emulsion. Coating compositions prepared using the vehicle of the invention may contain pigments; the ratio of pigment to coating vehicle solids may vary from 0À5 to 1 to 4 to 1. Examples of suitable addition polymers are: (a) styrene/maleic acid (mono-esterified with triethylene glycol monobutyl ether), (b) styrene/ isooctyl acid maleate, (c) styrene/butadiene/ acrylic acid; (d) vinyl acetate/isooctyl acid maleate, (e) vinyl chloride/butyl acrylate/ acrylic acid copolymers. The preparation of products (a), (d) and (e) is described in examples.
Patent GB-366889-A (GB)
Title: An improved cementing composition for use in preparing laminated material
Filed: 1931-10-26
Abstract: A cementing composition for uniting laminations of wood, fabric or paper comprises albuminous water such as blood albumen, formaldehyde, ammonia, and cobalt or uranium or chromium oxides with or without black oxide of manganese.  The sheets, coated with the composition mixed with water by brushing, spreading or spraying, are dried and subsequently united by heat and pressure.
Patent GB-152953-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pumps
IPC: F04B49/02
Filed: 1920-10-20
Abstract: 152,953. Soc. Anon. des Etablissements Ballot. Oct. 25, 1919, [Convention date]. Air, removing; buckets; single-acting suctionvalveless bucket pumps; regulating delivery by closing suction valves; regulating delivery by opening suction valves.-A variable output pump for fuel &c. comprises a tubular piston 2 previded at the end with a valve 7, the stem 8 of which is fluted for the escape of gases and is guided in the position. The valve 7 is held on its seat by a spring 9, and during the upstroke of the piston it is opened when the stem strikes a stop 10. Liquid then passes from the inlet 4 through ports 12 in the piston into the barrel below the piston. On the down stroke, liquid is delivered through the delivery valve 6 when the piston engages the valve 7. The delivery may be varied by adjusting the stop 10 by hand or governor so as to vary the time of opening and closing the valve 7.
Patent GB-738395-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to finger type circuit regulators
IPC: H01H51/06
Filed: 1952-11-25
Abstract: 738,395. Automatic regulation. COHEN, A. M. Nov. 25, 1952, No. 29828/52. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XXXVII] A voltage regulator is operated by an electromagnet 34 and comprises a row of fixed contacts 16 normally engaged by an equal number of contact fingers 20 which are sequentially lifted out of engagement by a member 66 which has an inclined edge 68. The member 66 is actuated by an armature 56 which is centrally pivoted, a dashpot 88 providing damping which may be adjusted by a screw 98..Since the relatively fine contacts 20 are not suitable for breaking a large current, relatively heavy U-shaped contacts 124 are mounted on the frame between the spacers 50 and 102, a bridging contact being mounted on the armature 56 which due to the springs 80 engages the contacts 124 until the electromagnet is energized to actuate the armature. When it is disengaged from the contacts 124 before the member 66 commences to engage the fingers 20. In a circuit arrangement, Fig. 4, contact fingers 20 are normally in engagement with fixed contacts 16 and control the circuit supplying the load 61 through parallel resistors a-j. When the heavy contacts 124, 130 are made, the resistors a-k are short-circuited and after the contacts 124 130 are opened, the contacts 20 are sequentially opened to insert more and more resistance into the circuit, as controlled by the voltage detected by the electromagnet 34. Specification 658,869 is referred to.
Patent GB-284809-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electro-magnetic movements for relays, signal repeaters, track indicators and the like
IPC: B61L3/00
Filed: 1926-11-25
Abstract: 284,809. Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and Tarrant, R. W. Nov. 25, 1926. Indicators and annunciators and like single indication signalling devices; order apparatus.- An electromagnetic movement has armatures which are adjustable to facilitate the use of the movement as a two- or three-position indicator or relay. In the three-position indicator shown, the armatures 10 of the electromagnets 6 are frictionally mounted on a non-magnetic spindle 9 which is pivoted in a U-shaped frame 1 and carries an indicating arm 11. The armatures 10 are polarized by a U-shaped permanent magnet 3 and the arm 11 may be operated into positions on either side of its normal position by energization of the electromagnets 6 by reverse currents. The armatures are adjustable with respect to the electromagnets by sliding them along or rotating them about the spindle 9, and in this manner the apparatus may be adapted for maximum operation at a particular current value or over a range of current values. The apparatus may be mechanically biased to adapt it for use as a twoposition indicator by rotating one of the armatures into a position outside the influence of the electromagnets. Alternatively a special balance weight or the weight of the indicating arm may be utilized. The apparatus also may be adapted for use as a two-position indicator having no normal position. As applied to signal repeaters, or track indicators for railway signalling, the mechanical bias is arranged to bring the indicator into the " wrong " or " track occupied " position. The indicating arm may be replaced by a contact arm to adapt the apparatus for use as a relay.
Patent GB-784965-A (GB)
Title: Master cylinder for hydraulic brake system, more particularly for motor vehicles
IPC: F15B7/08
Filed: 1955-10-19
Abstract: 784,965. Hydraulic master cylinders. FIAT SOC. PER AZIONI, and BALDWIN, P. S. Oct. 19, 1955 [Oct. 20, 1954], No. 29879/55. Addition to 704,835. Class 103 (1). In a master cylinder for hydraulic braking systems in which two pistons are provided acting in a common cylinder, each presenting a pressure chainber for supplying liquid under pressure to a set of wheel brake cylinders and each provided with valve means for connecting the pressure chambers with separate fluid supply conduits on the return stroke of the pistons, the valve means each comprise a resilient ring mounted capable of freely floating in an axial direction between two abutments connected to the associated piston, the outer ring face being in sliding contact with the cylinder wall, means being provided for bringing fluid at the pressure existing in the pressure chamber of each piston into contact with the inner face of the associated floating ring. In the embodiment illustrated, the master cylinder is provided with a main piston 5 and an auxiliary piston 26 which are provided with annular chambers 14 and 31 respectively and which, in the inoperative state of the master cylinder shown, are connected with supply conduits 15 and 44 respectively which supply fluidpassed the clearance between the base of the floating rings 18 and 32 respectively, through holes 22 and 36 and the associated grooves in the pistons 5 and 26, into pressure chambers 21 and 40 respectively. When pressure is applied to member 6, main piston 5 is advanced to the left and against action of spring 25, forcing floating ring 18 against abutment 20 and against the wall 12 of the cylindrical body 1 and covering port 48 so that pressure in chamber 21 rises and fluid is forced through conduit 35 to one set of wheel brake cylinders. At the same time, the pressure which has been built up in chamber 21 acts on piston 26 moving it to the left; the floating ring 32 being pressed against the abutment 34 and against the wall 12 of the cylindrical body 1 covering port 47 so that the pressure in chamber 40 rises and fluid is forced through conduit 41 to the other set of wheel brake cylinders. When pressure on member 6 is released, springs 39 and 25 return pistons 26 and 5 to their initial positions, re-establishing communication between pressure chamber 40 and the annular chamber 31 and pressure chamber 25 and the annular chamber 14.
Patent GB-392826-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to blasting nozzles for surface treating plant
IPC: B24C5/04
Filed: 1932-10-25
Abstract: 392,826. Sand-blast. GILBERT, R. A., 35, Snow HiM, and BACHMANN, J. F., 15, Victoria Street, both in London. Oct. 25, 1932, No. 29887. [Class 60.] A nozzle for sand-blast has a convergent inlet 3, a contracted throat 11 and a diverging barrel 2, and is secured to the flexible hose 7 by clamping the latter between external and internal conical surfaces on the nozzle and a sleeve 4 by a cap nut 5. The barrel part of the nozzle may be made separate and detachable from the inlet part to permit replacement, and the throat may have a wear-resisting liner such as tungsten carbide. In a further modification, the nozzle may have a friction-reducing lining of vitreous enamel.
Patent GB-947968-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gear-changing devices having preselectors
IPC: G05G5/06
Filed: 1962-08-03
Abstract: 947,968. Change speed gear and control. ZAVODY 9, KVETNA, NARODNI PODNIK. Aug. 3, 1962 [Aug. 3, 1961], No. 29916/62. Addition to 878,078. Heading F2D. In a preselective control mechanism for a change-speed gear, particularly for single track motor vehicles, having gears clutched to shafts by sliding keys 1, 2, pegs 3, 4 on the keys are actuated by cam slots formed in the cylindrical or prismal walls of a profile member or members 7 of the parent Specification which members for preselection and gear establishment are respectively rotatable with and axially slidable on or with a shaft 5 which is arranged transversely of the sliding keys. In the four-speed arrangement shown twin profile members 7, 7<SP>1</SP> are arranged to one side of the sliding keys. In Figs. 3-6 (not shown) a single profile member acts on two key pegs arranged on opposite sides thereof. The shaft 5 is rotated by a pinion 10. The profile members are axially moved by a lever 11, located during establishment by a member 12 and a peg 13, and axially returned by a spring 14. For change-speed gears having more than four speeds a profile member is provided for each sliding key.
Patent GB-889677-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for drawing glass in sheet form
IPC: C03B15/02
Filed: 1960-08-30
Abstract: 889,677. Glass manufacture. UNION DES VERRERIES MECANIQUES BELGES S.A. Aug. 30, 1960 [Sept. 9, 1959], No. 29919/60. Class 56. Sheet glass 1 is drawn upwardly from a molten bath 2 through a layer of molten material 3, less dense than the glass and preferably contained in a casing 4 open at the bottom and supported or floating in the molten glass. Cooling of the glass is thereby assisted and a fire polish effect results. Screens 11 define a slit through which the glass passes and may be in the form of pivoted flaps which can cover the casing 4 when not in use. Cooling ducts 14 are placed below the screens or may replace them. The ducts may be immersed in the material 3 or the material circulated through a separate cooler. The material may be separated from the wall of the casing 4 by an insulating layer. The material may be aluminium or magnesium or their alloys or mixtures of metallic salts and may be protected from oxidation by a surface layer of a solid reducing agent such as silicon or carbon, or with a molten layer of an inorganic compound of lower density and melting point or by supplying an inert or reducing gas through pipes 13. The edges of the drawn glass sheet are stabilised by passing between the jaws of cooled forks. The sheet may also be cooled by air from devices 23 before passing to, rollers 24 where it may be bent to the horizontal direction.