Patent GB-393276-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of emulsions, dispersions, and the like
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1931-11-25
Abstract: Emulsions and dispersions of mineral and vegetable oils, fats, tar oils, and other waterinsoluble liquids, and waxes having wetting properties and used in treating textiles are obtained using as an emulsifying agent a quaternary ammonium salt containing one alkyl or alkylene radicle the chain of which consists of not less than 10 carbon atoms, but containing no alcoholic hydroxy groups, for example, dodecyl, cetyl or octadecyl pyridinium or trialkylammonium halides.  Dodecyl pyridinium bromides are made by combining pyridine and dodecyl bromide, and octadecyl cetyl pyridinium bromides are similarly obtained. Analogous compounds are obtained by combining suitable alkyl halides and morpholines.  These compounds are used in aqueous solution, and an addition of gelatinizable substances such as glue, gelatine, starch, gum arabic or isinglass may be made.  The solutions may be evaporated to dryness and the product dissolved in water for use.  The emulsions are stated to be positively charged, and this charge is retained when water-soluble acids are present. Such acids may be incorporated at any stage, preferably in preparing the emulsifying agents.  The emulsions may be used in leather dressing and in waterproofing, sizing, and softening textiles. According to examples (1) an emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of bone glue and pyridinium octadecyl bromide at 50 DEG  C.  Pyridinium dodecyl bromide may be used instead of pyridinium octadecyl bromide and gelatine, starch or gum arabic in place of glue.  (2) A similar emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions in the cold.  The products may be dried, and the dried product readily dissolves in water with unimpaired emulsifying properties.  They may be used as sizing preparations.  (3) An emulsion suitable for proofing and finishing textiles is prepared from 33 parts melted paraffin wax, 33 parts of the product of example (2) using pyridinium dodecyl bromide and 33 parts of water.  (4) 30 parts of the product of example (3), 20 parts water and 50 castor oil form an emulsion for treating and finishing textiles.  (5) An emulsion is obtained by adding 50 parts of dichlorobenzene to 20 parts of the product of example (2) added to 30 parts of water.  (6) 90 parts trichloroethylene are mixed with 10 parts octadecyl pyridinium bromide to give a solution which on dilution with water forms an emulsion suitable for degreasing textiles.  (7) 25 parts dodecyl pyridinium bromide are dissolved in 75 parts pine oil.  One part of the solution is emulsified with 500 parts water.  The product has pronounced wetting properties and may be used for wetting back chrome tanned hides.ALSO:Emulsions and dispersions of mineral and vegetable oils, fats, tar oils, and other water-insoluble liquids, and waxes are obtained using as an emulsifying agent a quaternary ammonium salt containing one alkyl or alkylene radicle the chain of which consists of not less than 10 carbon atoms, but containing no alcoholic hydroxy groups, for example, dodecyl, cetyl or octadecyl pyridinium or trialkylammonium halides.  Dodecyl pyridinium bromides are made by combining pyridine and dodecyl bromide, and octadecyl cetyl pyridinium bromides are similarly obtained. Analogous compounds are obtained by combining suitable alkyl halides and morpholines. These compounds are used in aqueous solution, and an addition of gelatinizable substances such as glue, gelatine, starch, gum arabic, or isinglass may be made.  The solutions may be evaporated to dryness and the product dissolved in water for use.  The emulsions are stated to be positively charged, and this charge is retained when water-soluble acids are present.  Such acids may be incorporated at any stage, preferably in preparing the emulsifying agents.  The emulsions may be used in leather dressing; as insecticidal sprays; in waterproofing, sizing, and softening textiles; and in wood impregnation or as disinfectants.  According to examples (1) an emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of bone, glue, and pyridinium octadecyl bromide at 50 DEG  C.  Pyridinium dodecyl bromide may be used instead of pyridinium octadecyl bromide and gelatine, starch or gum arabic in place of glue.  (2) A similar emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions in the cold.  The products may be dried, and the dried product readily dissolves in water with unimpaired emulsifying properties.  They may be used as sizing preparations.  (3) 10 parts of the product of example (1) are added to 20 parts of water and 70 parts of neutral tar oil stirred.  The product may be used as an insecticidal winter wash. (4) An emulsion suitable for proofing and finishing textiles is prepared from 33 parts wetted paraffin wax, 33 parts of the product of example (2) using pyridinium dodecyl bromide and 33 parts of water.  (5) 30 parts of the product of example (3), 20 parts water and 50 castor oil form an emulsion for treating and finishing textiles.  (6) An emulsion is obtained by adding 50 parts of dichlorobenzene to 20 parts of the product of example (2) added to 30 parts of water.  (7) An insecticidal summer spray is made from 80 parts white oil, 17,6 parts water, 1,8 parts glue, 0,2 parts octadecyl pyridinium bromide, and 0,34 parts glacial acetic acid by adding the oil, with high-speed stirring, to a mixture of the other components.  (8) 60 parts of gelatine are swollen in 100 parts water and added to 15 parts of octadecyl pyridinium bromide dissolved in 150 parts water at 50 DEG  C.  The mixture is evaporated to dryness and mixed with 25 parts of tartaric acid.  2,1 parts of this mixture are dissolved in 20,7 parts water at 50 DEG  C. and 77 parts cotton-seed oil stirred in when cool.  The resulting emulsion is used for insecticidal purposes.  (9) 90 parts trichloroethylene are mixed with 10 parts octadecyl pyridinium bromide to give a solution which on dilution with water forms an emulsion suitable for degreasing textiles. (10) 25 parts dodecyl pyridinium bromide are dissolved in 75 parts pine oil.  One part of the solution is emulsified with 500 parts water.  The product has pronounced wetting properties and may be used for wetting back chrome tanned hides, also for antiseptic and p  deodorizing sprays.  (11) An insecticidal emulsion is obtained by dissolving 10 parts of stearyl pyridinium bromide in 90 parts o-dichlorobenzene and adding to 100 parts water.  The emulsion may be further diluted as required.  (12) 10 parts stearyl pyridinium bromide or cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide are dissolved in 90 parts o-dichlorobenzene, and the mixture poured into 100 parts of a 5 per cent aqueous solution of glue and stirred.  A more stable emulsion than that of example (11) is obtained.ALSO:Emulsions and dispersions of mineral and vegetable oils, fats, tar oils, and other water-insoluble liquids, and waxes suitable for use as sizing preparations are obtained using as an emulsifying agent a quaternary ammonium salt containing one alkyl or alkylene radicle, the chain of which consists of not less than 10 carbon atoms, but containing no alcoholic hydroxy groups, for example, dodecyl, cetyl or octadecyl pyridinium or trialkylammonium halides.  These compounds are used in aqueous solution, and an addition of gelatinizable substances such as glue, gelatine, starch, gum arabic or isinglass may be made.  The solutions may be evaporated to dryness and the product dissolved in water for use.  The emulsions are stated to be positively charged, and this charge is retained when water-soluble acids are present. Such acids may be incorporated at any stage, preferably in preparing the emulsifying agents.  The emulsions may be used in sizing textiles.  According to examples, (1) an emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of bone glue and pyridinium octadecyl bromide at 50 DEG  C.  Pyridinium dodecyl bromide may be used instead of pyridinium octadecyl bromide and gelatine, starch or gum arabic in place of glue.  (2) A similar emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions in the cold. They may be used as sizing preparations.  (4) An emulsion suitable for proofing and finishing textiles is prepared from 33 parts melted paraffin wax, 33 parts of the product of example 2 using pyridinium dodecyl bromide and 33 parts of water.  (5) 30 parts of the product of example 3, 20 parts water and 50 parts castor oil form an emulsion for treating and finishing textiles.ALSO:Emulsions and dispersions of mineral and vegetable oils, fats, tar oils, and other water-insoluble liquids, and waxes suitable for use as insecticidal sprays and disinfectants are obtained, using as an emulsifying agent a quaternary ammonium salt containing one alkyl or alkylene radicle the chain of which consists of not less than 10 carbon atoms, but containing no alcoholic hydroxy groups, for example, dodecyl, cetyl or octadecyl pyridinium or trialkylammonium halides.  These compounds are used in aqueous solution, and an addition of gelatinizable substances such as glue, gelatine, starch, gum arabic or isinglass may be made.  The solutions may be evaporated to dryness and the product dissolved in water for use.  The emulsions are stated to be positively charged, and this charge is retained when watersoluble acids are present. Such acids may be incorporated at any stage, preferably in preparing the emulsifying agents.  According to examples (1) an emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of bone glue and pyridinium octadecyl bromide at 50 DEG  C. Pyridinium dodecyl bromide may be used instead of pyridinium octadecyl bromide and gelatine, starch or gum arabic in place of glue.  (2) A similar emulsifying agent is obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions in the cold.  The products may be dried, and the dried product readily dissolves in water with unimpaired emulsifying properties.  They