Patent GB-992782-A (GB)
Title: A process of making a crystallizable glass material
IPC: C03C10/00
Filed: 1963-10-14
Abstract: <PICT:0992782/C1/1> A crystallizable glass material is made in an inclined rotary kiln, part of the raw material being admitted at the upper end, and part being injected at the lower end, so as to distribute injected material over the whole of the burning zone, which extends from the lower end of the kiln to above the point of maximum internal temperature. The injected raw materials preferably impart to the mixture a m.p. higher than that of the mixture of materials supplied at the upper end, and need not be entirely molten together with the molten mass of material from the upper end; such non-molten particles increase the roughness of the devitrified glass grains later produced, and act as crystallization nuclei.  The injected material may be a single substance, preferably silica, e.g. as sand.  In the Figure, raw materials, e.g. sand, chalk and dolomite, from hoppers 2, 3, and 4, are mixed and heated in inclined rotary kiln 1.  The materials may be dry or as a sludge.  Heating is performed in countercurrent by oil burner 9. Sand is blown through pipe 17, which is directed at such an inclination to the kiln axis that the injected sand is distributed over the whole of the burning zone; some sand drops directly into the molten bath and is incorporated therein, and some first strikes the wall of the kiln and adheres thereto in a softened and sticky state so as to be carried along with the wall until the latter again enters the molten bath, thereby protecting the kiln lining.  The kiln temperature may be 1500 DEG  C. at the hottest zone and 500 DEG  C. at the upper end.  The glass stream emerges into water bath 10, whereupon it is immediately solidified and granulated on cooling to 600-900 DEG  C., and leaves at up to 600 DEG  C. via conveyer 12.  It may then be kept in stock, or alternatively transferred to rotary kiln 14, wherein the temperature of the material reaches but does not exceed 1150 DEG  C., at which temperature crystallization rapidly proceeds, without complete melting or coalescing.  The product leaves the lower end of 14 as grains of divitrified glass of 0-12 mm. screen size. The product may be separated into two or more grades by screening arrangement 15.  The grains may be with or without cavities.  The grains may be incorporated into or laid on road carpet material, e.g. asphalt or concrete, to provide a surface with good light-reflecting and anti-skidding properties.  The glass composition is preferably SiO2 >60%, CaO+MgO >20%, Al2O3 <3%, K2O+Na2O <5%, Fe2O3 <1%, S <1%, C traces.  In two examples, to 100 parts by weight molten mass from upper end are added 13.5-27 parts injected material.  The ingredients supplied are, in the first example: at upper end, dune sand, chalk or lime, and dolomite, and injected, dune sand; in the second example: at upper end, quartz sand, lime and feldspar, and at lower end, quartz sand.  The glass compositions resulting are:  SiO2 70/73%; CaO 21/21%; MgO3/0%; Al2O3 4/3%; Fe2O3 1/1%; K2O+Na2O 1/1%.  Other ingredients that may be employed are beryllium, strontium or lead oxides, as substituents for part of the CaO, and fluorspar or calcium phosphate as fluxing agents. Specification 897,125 is referred to.ALSO:A road-surfacing composition comprises asphalt and grains of devitrified glass.  The grains, of 0-12 mm. screen size, may be with or without cavities, and may be incorporated into or laid upon asphalt, to provide a surface with good light-reflecting and anti-skidding properties.  A composition exemplified is 30% devitrified glass, 58% other stone material, 6.5% asphalt. Specification 897,125 is referred to.