Patent GB-930117-A (GB)
Title: High pressure high temperature apparatus
IPC: B30B11/00
Filed: 1960-10-21
Abstract: A high-pressure high-temperature apparatus comprises a plurality of punches and means associated therewith to move said punches towards each other to compress a specimen material in a chamber, each punch moving in a predetermined plane along a straight line in said plane, at least two punches moving in different planes to each other towards a common point, and a gasket being positioned between at least a pair of the punches, at least some of the punches being so positioned and arranged that they provide, together with the gasket, lateral support for each other.  The plurality of punches may include a pair of vertical punches for relative movement towards each other, and may also include at least four horizontal punches.  The punches may have trapezoidal configurations, and may have tapered surfaces, a gasket preferably being provided between and engaging each of said tapered surfaces.  Suitable materials for the gasket are catlinite and pyrophillite.  Fig. 1, shows an arrangement comprising two vertically moving tapered punches 26 and 27, and four horizontally moving punches 29, 30, 31 and 32, having flat inner surfaces 28 and 33 respectively, and these flat surfaces define a reaction space when the punches move inwards towards each other.  Fig. 4, illustrates a punch 29 with two gaskets 40 and 41, each gasket having tapered edges 42 which are tapered at an angle corresponding to the angle of the punch.  An apparatus incorporating the punches of Fig. 1, is shown in Fig. 3.  The lateral punch assembly, i.e. punches 29, 30, 31 and 32, is positioned within a ring member 35.  Within the internal periphery of the ring are a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 37 interconnected by conduits 39 so that the fluid pressure is equal in all the cylinders, and within each cylinder is a piston 38. Each piston is suitably attached to its corresponding punch and controls its movement.  Fig. 6 illustrates a reaction vessel which may be used in the apparatus.  Reaction vessel 50 comprises a rectangular block of the same material as the gaskets (41).  A specimen material 53 is positioned centrally within the reaction vessel, e.g. through opening 54, and the vessel is closed with close fitting plugs 55.  The reaction vessel may be heated electrically, for example by passing a current from one punch through the reaction vessel into another punch.  Fig. 2, (not shown) shows the positions of electric connections through which electric heating may be applied.  Fig. 7, illustrates the mounting of a punch.  Punch 31 is attached to a block 60 by means of a plurality of flanges 62 and 63 which are tapered similarly to the side surfaces of the punch.  When assembled, punch 31 is maintained in position by the engagement of adjacent taper portions on the flanges and punch.  If the side flanges 63 are removed the punch 31 will remain attached to block 60 but will be able to slide laterally within the flanges 62.  Therefor only two lateral punches and one vertical punch need move hydraulically to obtain high pressure since the remaining punches may slide with respect to the flanges, thus causing compression <PICT:0930117/III/1> of the gaskets between the punches.  Fig. 9, (not shown) illustrates a plura-lity of lateral punches which, together with two vertical punches define a cylindrical reaction space, i.e. the lateral punches have arcuate faces.  In operation a pressure of over 150,000 atmospheres may be attained and maintained simultaneously with high temperatures over extended periods of time.  Specification 830,210 is referred to.