Patent GB-1470430-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic transmission
IPC: F04B49/00
Filed: 1974-09-20
Abstract: 1470430 Hydrostatic transmissions ROBERT BOSCH GmbH 20 Sept 1974 [26 Sept 1973] 41080/74 Heading F2W A hydrostatic transmission comprises a variable-displacement pump 12, a constant displacement pump 11 and a motor 20, the constant displacement pump 11 being selectively connectible to supply the motor 20, the maximum delivery of the variable-displacement pump being at least as great as the delivery of pump 11 and the displacement of pump 12 being controlled by the pressure delivered to motor 20 to ensure that the pressure supplied to the motor 20 remains substantially constant during the operation of connecting or disconnecting pump 11. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 the pump 12 displacement is controlled by a servo 14 which receives pressure from the main line 17 via a valve 24 controlled by main line pressure (from line 17 via lines 23 and 26) in opposition to a spring 25 whose compression is controlled by a manually operated lever 27 acting through a spring 28 and a lever 29 on spring 25. On a predetermined maximum displacement of pump 12 being attached a switch 34, 35 closes to operate a solenoid operated valve 18 to connect pump 11 to motor 20. The increase in pressure in main line 17 which results from this acts through lines 23 and 26 on valve 24 to reduce the displacement of pump 12 and so maintain the pressure supplied to motor 20 substantially constant. A link 31 operates on a stop 30 on lever 29 to limit the maximum displacement of pump 12 when the pump 11 is also supplying motor 20 and so limit the maximum pressure. The switch 34, 33 only opens again to operate valve 18 and disconnect pump 11 when pump 12 attains a predetermined minimum displacement, the pump 12 increasing its displacement in accordance with the pressure in line 17 when this occurs to maintain this pressure substantially constant. In the embodiment of Fig. 2 a lever 37 and a control apparatus 14 control the displacement of pump 12. A valve 44 controls control apparatus 14 and is biased on opposite sides by the pressure in main line 38 and the pressure in an accumulator 41, charged from main line 38 through a throttle 42, the control apparatus 14 not being supplied when these pressures are equal. Because of the presence of throttle 42 any sudden pressure change, such as by the operation of valve 18 to connect or disconnect pump 11 from motor 20, causes the valve 44 to be displaced to supply (or drain) control apparatus 14 to adjust the displacement of pump 12 to maintain the main line pressure substantially constant. Valve 44 also limits the rate of change of pump displacement whilst pump 11 is supplying (or not supplying) motor 20. In the two embodiments illustrated the motor 20 is reversed by operation of a valve 19. In a further embodiment (Fig. 3, not shown) pump 12 and motor 20 are in a closed circuit, the direction of delivery of pump 12 can be reversed and the motor 11 is selectively connected to whichever line to the motor is the supply line, this embodiment otherwise operating like that of Fig. 2. In a yet further embodiment the controls of pump displacement are electrical and, as well as being controlled by pressure, the pump 12 can be controlled by pump speed, motor speed and the position of the accelerator pedal of a prime mover (a diesel engine Fig. 4, not shown). In the described embodiments the transmission drives a vehicle. Pump 12 may be a radial piston pump and pump 11 or gear pump.