Patent GB-968194-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vehicles for travelling over land and/or water
Inventor: COCKERELL CHRISTOPHER SYDNEY
IPC: B60V1/02
Filed: 1960-01-19
Abstract: 968,194. Air cushion vehicles; aircraft undercarriages. HOVERCRAFT DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Jan. 13, 1961 [Jan. 19, 1960], No. 1919/60. Headings B7G and B7K. A support member for a vehicle such as an aircraft undercarriage comprises a rotationally symmetrical deflecting member, the deflecting surface of which is generated by a curve which, with respect to the axis of rotation, extends outwardly and downwardly and then inwardly and downwardly, and means mounted within the deflecting member and rotatable about the axis of symmetry of the member, for causing air to flow outwardly to the deflecting member so as to be deflected downwardly and inwardly towards the surface over which the vehicle is operating to form a curtain of air, the curtain, operating surface, and bottom surface of the support member enclosing a space in which a cushion of air under pressure is formed. In Fig. 1, the support member has a disc portion 2 and a deflecting surface 3. Vanes 4 attached to the disc portion cause a radially outward flow of air when the member is rotated, which air is deflected by surface 3 to form a vortex flow 6, annular in plan, which forms a peripheral curtain to enclose the air cushion which is built up by ambient air drawn in by the vortex curtain. The cushion pressure can be raised by the addition of a flat member 7, Fig. 6, with a concave periphery 8 forming, with surface 3, a channel in which the vortex is confined. New air may be supplied to the vortex curtain by the centrifugal pump action of a duct 62 having an inlet 60 and vanes 64, and discharging into the vortex flow through valves 65 which may be manually controlled, or, according to the Provisional Specification, spring biased to the closed position and operated by the air flow. Surplus air escapes as shown at 63. Alternatively, as in Fig. 7, the vortex flow channel may be defined by surfaces 8 and 66, and the centrifugally pumped air then flows between surfaces 66 and 3, surplus air escaping at 67. According to the Provisional Specification, the vortex flow in the embodiment of Fig. 7 may be dispensed with. In Fig. 8, there are three members 20, 25, 26, on coaxial shafts 29, 28 and 27. Member 20 has vanes 23 and member 25 vanes 24. Members 20 and 25 may contra-rotate while member 26 is stationary. Member 26 may also have a set of vanes, in which case member 25 may be stationary, members 20 and 26 contrarotating, or rotating in the same sense at different speeds. Alternatively, as shown shaft 27 may be hollow, and supply compressed air to ports 70 in member 26 feeding air to the vortex curtain 6, surplus air escaping at 71. An annular centre body 90 may be provided to improve the formation of the vortex, its bottom surface being recessed at 91 to induce formation of a small vortex 92. Fig. 9 shows an embodiment with two coaxial vortex curtains, members 32, 35, and 38 having vanes 44, 45, 46 and 47. Of the coaxial shafts 49, 50 and 48, the last two includes passages feeding compressed air to ports 74, 75, to assist the formation of vortices 40, 43. The lower face of member 35 is recessed at 51 to induce formation of a vortex 52. Any two or all three of members 32, 35 and 38 may rotate in either sense. In all embodiments, the vanes may be shaped to prevent spiral motion of the induced air flow. The stability of the supporting member may be increased by partition of the air cushion, by subdividing the area between coaxial curtains, as in Specifications 944,502-4. Where, as in Figs. 1, 6 and 7, the deflecting member is the only one that rotates, the supporting member must be lifted clear of the working surface 5 before rotation and formation of the curtain and cushion commences. Where, as in Fig. 8, a member such as member 25 can rotate while the member 20 rests on the ground, and air can be supplied through ports 70, sufficient lift can be obtained from member 25 alone to clear the ground and to enable any other rotary members to commence rotation. According to the Provisional Specification, air may be pumped into the supporting member to lift the member clear of the ground before rotation is commenced. A vehicle may be supported by two laterally spaced contra-rotating forward supporting members and one rearward supporting member, the shafts of which are attached to the vehicle by universal joints allowing limited tilting. In the case of an aircraft undercarriage, the tilting limits and sense of rotation should be such that any contact of a supporting member with the ground assists rather than opposes the rotation of the member. The members may be capable of vertical displacement relative to the vehicle as in Specification 935,825, and as an aircraft undercarriage may retract into the fuselage and/or wings, or nest partly within or closely against the fuselage and/or wings. The rotatable members may be driven by a turbine fed with compressed air or exhaust gases from gas turbine plant which may also be used for forward propulsion. In the case of travel over water, the outside of the support member may have vanes 86, Fig. 12, and the shaft 87 be tilted so that when the vehicle travels forwardly, the relative water flow acts on the vanes to cause rotation of the support member. Specifications 919,350 and 935,823 also are referred to.