baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1057884-A (GB)
Title: Process for retarding the ripening or maturation of merchandisable material of vegetable origin
Inventor: LIEBERMAN MORRIS
IPC: A23B7/152
Filed: 1962-07-31
Abstract: The ripening or maturation of mechandizable material of vegetable origin whose ripening or maturation rate is increased by ethylene, is retarded by subjecting the material to treatment with a liquid or gaseous mixture containing up to 1% by weight ethylene oxide, the conditions of treatment being sufficiently moderated so that ripening or maturation will proceed normally on termination of the treatment or may be induced to proceed on treatment of the material with ethylene.  The material may be treated before the material has started to ripen or after its peak in the climacteric rise in the production of ethylene has been reached, as by exposure to an atmosphere containing ethylene oxide or contacting the material with an aqueous solution of ethylene oxide.  After the treatment the material may be stored under refrigeration in an ethylene oxide-free atmosphere and the ripening or maturation of the treated material induced by treatment with ethylene.  The materials to be treated include soft fruit, tropical or sub-tropical fruit and cut flowers, such as tomatoes, bananas, pineapples, avocardo pears, plums, peaches, cherries, strawberries, redcurrents, blackcurrants, also peas, cucumbers, marrows and other quick-ripening vegetables, and roses and carnations.  According to an example, unripe, freshly picked tomatoes were enclosed for 17 hours in glass containers containing ethylene oxide in proportions ranging from 0.008% v/v to 0.4% v/v and then transferred to fresh, airtight containers containing small beakers of caustic soda to absorb carbon dioxide evolved in the respiration of the fruit.  After nine days untreated fruits were found to be completely ripe whereas the treated fruits are delayed between two and six days with increasing dosages of ethylene oxide.  In another example, unripe redcurrants which are a translucent green colour, are treated by total immersion in an aqueous solution containing 0.5% v/v ethylene oxide in closed containers at 20 DEG C.  The redcurrants are withdrawn after 3 hours' immersion and stored in fresh containers at 20 DEG  C.; the treated fruit is still green after 3 days and does not reach the ripe yellow-red colour until the sixth day, whereas untreated fruit ripens in 3 days.  In a further example, cut roses are held for 20 hours at 15 DEG C. in an atmosphere containing 0.25% v/v ethylene oxide. After treatment the roses are removed from the chambers, the chambers are flushed with water and the roses are returned for two additional days.  The roses are then evaluated at a temperature of 21 DEG C.; the treated roses do not open completely until after 70 hours whereas untreated roses are completely open after 40 hours.  In yet a further example, the effects of treating carnations with ethylene, ethylene oxide, or both ethylene and ethylene oxide, are compared.
Patent GB-266789-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of artificial stones
IPC: C04B35/16
Filed: 1925-11-23
Abstract: 266,789. Jakob, J. Nov. 23, 1925. Addition to 244,724. Stone, artificial. - Forsterite (magnesium olivine) is obtained by fusing a more acid magnesium silicate or silica itself with the magnesium salt of an acid (other than sulphuric) liberated by silicic acid in the heat. Magnesium carbonate is particularly suitable. Fluxes may be added or the fusion may be commenced with a more fusible mixture such as quartz and magnesium sulphate. The process is also applicable to an equimolecular mixture of calcium and magnesium salts yielding diopside as product.
Patent GB-364663-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of tin oxide gels
IPC: C01G19/02
Filed: 1930-10-02
Abstract: Adsorbent and catalytic gels comprising tin oxide are obtained by reacting a tin salt such as the chloride with or without a titanium or iron salt with an alkali, for instance, ammonia to obtain a reaction mixture having an acidity between neutrality and 0.5 N. and preferably between 0.13 and 0.18 N. which upon standing will set to a hydrogel.  In a modification gels consisting of tin oxide and aluminium, silicon, or tungsten oxides are obtained by reacting a tin salt with an aluminate, silicate, or tungstate to give a reaction mixture having the same acidity as that stated above; whilst in the case of gels containing varying amounts of tungsten oxide the acidity may be controlled by addition of acid or alkali.  Reaction may be effected at or below normal temperature, or if necessary the reaction mass be heated to promote gel formation.  The gels may be washed and then dried first at 100 DEG  C. and then at slowly increasing temperature; alternatively washing may be effected during or after drying.  In the case of gels containing iron or aluminium, the first washing may be effected with alkaline wash water.  Specification 159,508, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], is referred to.  The Specification, as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises also the following subject matter:--The production of a mixed gel of tin, silicon, and tungsten oxides in a reaction mixture having an alkaline reaction.  This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 333,670, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.].
Patent GB-230763-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to telephone exchange systems
IPC: H04Q3/62
Filed: 1923-09-11
Abstract: 230,763. Western Electric Co., Ltd., (Deakin, G.). Sept. 11, 1923. Drawings to Specification. Automatic exchange systems.-The stepping magnet of a selector is exclusively controlled by an impulse relay in response to dialling impulses, but can also operate automatically under the control of an interrupter contact which is arranged to be short-circuited by the impulse relay when the latter de-energizes during impulse transmission. The system described is identical with that described in Specification 226,265, which claims other features. Specification 208,073, [Class 38 (v), Electric switches &c.], also is referred to.
Patent GB-1474678-A (GB)
Title: Method of preparing benzene and methylbenzenes
IPC: C07C6/12
Filed: 1975-07-15
Abstract: 1474678 Disproportionating toluene INST ORGANICHES KHIMII IM ND ZELINSK AKAD NAUK SSSR 15 July 1975 29591/75 Heading C5E A method of preparing benzene and methylbenzenes comprises disproportionating toluene at a temperature of from 350‹ to 550‹ C. under a pressure of from 1 to 50 atm. gauge in the presence of a granulated zeolite catalyst containing (a) cations of metals of Group II of the periodic system with an exchange degree of from 5 to 30% of the theoretical value, (b) hydrogen ions with an exchange degree of from 6 to 22% of the theoretical value and (c) cations of a metal of Group III of the periodic system with an exchange degree of from 20 to 80% of the theoretical value and/or cations of a transition metal of Period IV of the periodic system with an exchange degree of from 24 to 73% of the theoretical value, to form a reaction mixture (1) containing benzene and xylenes, followed by separation of benzene and xylenes from reaction mixture (1); disproportionating the separated xylenes under the hereinbefore defined conditions to form a reaction mixture (2) containing toluene and trimethylbenzenes, separation of the toluene and the trimethylbenzene from reaction mixture (2); disproportionating the separated trimethylbenzenes under the said hereinbefore defined conditions to form a reaction mixture (3) containing xylenes and tetramethylbenzenes, and separating the xylenes and the tetramethylbenzenes.
Patent GB-1475343-A (GB)
Title: Soil testing apparatus
IPC: E02D1/02
Filed: 1974-07-04
Abstract: 1475343 Measuring soil penetration: soil testing apparatus: recording apparatus INGENIEURSBUREAU AP VAN DEN BERG BV 4 July 1974 [9 July 19731 29628/74 Headings G1J G1M and G1S  A testing tube 4 is driven into soil 3 by a force 5 produced by pressing means, mounted on a vehicle 1. As the tube is driven downwardly, its displacement with respect to the vehicle is measured and sent via an electrical connection 7 to the stylus of a recorder 6, the paper feed of this recorder taking place in accordance with the penetration depth of the tube 4 and the movement of a sensor 8 connected to the paper feed. The downward force 5 however reacts to lift the vehicle on its springs 2 and this lift displacement is measured by a rod upstanding from a weight 10 and extending through a hole in the vehicle floor. A sensor 12 determines the displacement of the vehicle with respect to the soil 3 and adds it to the other input 16 from the sensor 8 measuring the movement of the tube 4 with respect to the vehicle. The subtractor 15 which receives signals from both 8 and 12 then gives a compensated output 17 which represents the true displacement of the tube 4 with respect to the soil. The subtractor 15 may be a differential gear, Fig. 2 (not shown), with input shafts connected to shaft driven pulleys 8, 12, or may be an electrical rotary divider or transformer fed by electromechanical transducers 8, 12.
Patent GB-901964-A (GB)
Title: Electrical signal reproducing system
IPC: G11B15/14
Filed: 1958-09-16
Abstract: 901,964. Switching magnetic recording &c. heads; television. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Sept. 16, 1958 [Oct. 1, 1957], No. 29671/58. Class 40 (2). [Also in Groups XXXV, XL (b) and XL (c)] Apparatus for the recording playback of colour television signals comprises a magnetic tape 10 and a plurality of heads 52, 54, 56, 58 which are traversed across the tape by a drum 50 whereby the recording is effected in parallel tracks transverse the tape as shown at 162, 164, 166, &c. in Fig. 2a. The television signals, which are first employed to frequency modulate a carrier in circuit 86, are applied simultaneously to all the heads by way of slip rings 64, 66, 66 and 70. The width of the tape is such that a succeeding head engages the tape at one side before the preceding head leaves the other side so that no loss of recording occurs. The tape is driven by a motor 18 which, during recording, is energized by a 60 c/s. oscillator 134 which is locked to a frequency standard 116. The drum is driven by a motor 60 and carries on its shaft a magnetic tone wheel 96 which produces a 950 c/s. signal. This signal is compared in a phase comparator 108 with a 960 c/s. signal derived from the frequency standard 116 via circuits 114, 110 to derive an error signal which operates on a magnetic brake 60 to hold the drum speed steady. The 960 c/s. signal from the tone wheel is also applied to a head 140 and is recorded on a track 172, Fig. 2a, at one side of the tape. During playback, the signal read off by head 140 functions to maintain the record tracks aligned with the drum heads. The signal is applied to a tracking servo system 192 (see Group XXXV) where it is compared with the 960 c/s. signal from the tone wheel and, in dependence upon any phase difference, controls a mechanism 42, 44, 48 which displaces the tape in one or the other direction. The tape drive motor 18 is switched over during playback from oscillator 134 to a variable oscillator 132, and any displacement of the tape by the servo system is caused to change the frequency of the oscillator so that the tape speed is varied until the displacement is offset and the servo system recentred. Sound signals are recorded on a track 174, Fig. 2a, with the aid of a head 58 which is located away from the portion of tape subject to displacement. The signals derived from the heads during reproduction are gated into a common channel by circuit 80. The circuit is controlled by both the 960 c/s. signal from the tone wheel 96 and horizontal sync. pulses extracted from the reproduced signal and functions to gate the signals during the blanking intervals so as to prevent the introduction of interference into the picture component.
Patent GB-957432-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of 21-hydroxy-pregnanes and new í¸-18:20-oxido-pregnanes
IPC: C07J7/00
Filed: 1960-08-29
Abstract: The invention comprises (1) a process for preparing a 21-hydroxy-pregnane wherein a 21 unsubstituted 18-hydroxy-20-oxo-pregnane or the 20(18)-cyclohemiketal thereof is esterified, acid is split off the 20-ester formed, and in the resulting D 20-18, 20-oxido-pregnene the 20, 21-double bond is hydroxylated to yield the 20 (18)-cyclohemiketal of the corresponding 21-hydroxy-20-oxo-pregnane compound; and (2) a D 20-18, 20-oxido-pregnene saturated or unsaturated in the ring system and containing in the 3-position a hydrogen atom and a free or esterified hydroxyl group, or a free, enolized or ketalized oxo group, and in the 11-position two hydrogen atoms, a hydrogen atom together with a free or esterified hydroxyl group, or an oxo group, but excluding D 4,20-3-oxo-18, 20-oxido-pregnadiene. For esterifying the starting materials there may be used, for example, halides or anhydrides of carboxylic or sulphonic acids, preferably in the presence of a base. Acid may be split off by the action of heat and/or a base, and hydroxylation effected by use of a controlled amount of a 5- to 8-valent metal oxide, preferably in presence of an agent yielding oxygen. Examples are given.  D 4-3, 11, 20-trioxo-18-hydroxy-pregnene or its 20-hemiketal is prepared by oxidizing D 4-3, 20-dioxo-11 b -hydroxy-18-acetoxy-pregnene to give D 4-3, 11, 20-trioxo-18-acetoxy-pregnene and hydrolysing this. D 4-3, 20-dioxo-11 b -18-dihydroxy-pregnene is prepared by hydrolysis of the 18-acetate.  D 4-3, 20-dioxo-11a -18-dihydroxy-pregnene is prepared by oxidizing 3,20-bisethylene-dioxy-11b , 18-dihydroxy-pregn-5-ene 18-acetate to the corresponding 11-one, reducing this with potassium in liquid ammonia to give the 11a -ol and hydrolysing this.  The pregnene derivatives of the invention, which are stated to have a mineralo-corticoid activity and to be of use in the treatment of Addison's disease and states of shock, may be made up into pharmaceutical compositions with suitable carriers.  These may take the form of tablets, dragees, solutions, suspensions or emulsions and may contain preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, salts for varying the osmotic pressure or buffers.  Specification 936,345 is referred to.
Patent GB-366929-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to windings for d.c. dynamo armatures
IPC: H02K23/26
Filed: 1930-10-04
Abstract: 366,929. Dynamo-electric machines. PINTSCH AKT.-GES., J., 71, Andreasstrasse, Berlin. Oct. 4, 1930, No. 29769. Convention date, Oct. 10, 1929. [Class 35.] Coils ; windings.-In a direct-current generator armature having more than two superimposed coil sides per slot, the number of conductors in series between consecutive commutator connections is not uniform throughout the winding. In the form shown, the conductors side-by-side in the slot are in parallel but may be connected to alternate commutator segments ; in the fourconductor coil sides L, K there are four conductors in series between consecutive commutator segments, two of these conductors being in other slots, whereas there are only two conductors in series between successive connections when connecting up the twoconductor coil sides C, D. The coil sides having the lower number of conductors are placed at the bottom of the slot.
Patent GB-788290-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to aircraft
Inventor: GRIFFITH ALAN ARNOLD
IPC: B64C29/00
Filed: 1954-10-15
Abstract: 788,290. Direct lift aircraft. ROLLS-ROYCE, Ltd. Sept. 28, 1955 [Oct. 15, 1954], No. 29820/54. Class 4. In a delta-shaped jet propelled aircraft the lift producing aerofoils 10 merge with the fuselage 11 and gas turbine engines 13 and 15, 17 give forward and vertical thrusts respectively. Engines 15, 17 may develop an inclined thrust either by tilting of the engines themselves or by means of jet nozzle deflectors. Free entry of air to and exit of exhaust gases from the engines 15 is effected through fairings 41, 42 which when closed provide continuity of the craft aerodynamic profile. The fuel tanks 14 are accommodated in the aerofoils. Specification 756,320 is referred to.
Patent GB-504834-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to buckle fastening devices for garments, shoes and similar articles
IPC: A44B11/00
Filed: 1937-11-02
Abstract: 504,834. Fastenings for garments &c. ; hinges. A.B.A. SPECIALTIES CO., Inc. Nov. 2, 1937, No. 29946. Convention date, Nov. 2, 1936. [Classes 44 and 65 (ii)] [Also in Group VII] A buckle device for garments &c. comprises two members 2, 4 hinged together at 9 by a hinge having an eccentric central member, which maintains the same in the closed position, the member 4 being attached by prongs, 5 to one portion 6 of the garment, the third member of the fastening device comprising a flexible tape 13, with a rigid head 12, attached to another portion 11 of the garment, the head 12 being placed in the loop 7 of the member 2 which is then turned over to effect the drawing together of the garment portions 6, 11. The member 2 may have a plurality of loops &c., for adjustment purposes, or it may be formed with hooked extremities into which the head 12 of the tape 13 engages.
Patent GB-804859-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of glycol monoethers
IPC: C07C43/10
Filed: 1957-09-24
Abstract: Monoalkylethers of secondary-secondary and secondary - tertiary glycols of the general formula: <FORM:0804859/IV (b)/1> in which R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic group, R1 is a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic group, or R and R1 form a ring with the carbon atom to which they are attached, and R2 and R3 are alkyl groups are prepared by condensing an a -chloralkyl ether R2-CHCl-O-R3 with an aldehyde or ketone R-CO-R1 in the presence of magnesium and subjecting the magnesium compound thus obtained to hydrolysis, e.g. with ice/NH4Cl.  The products are transformed by the action of acids into ketones.  The condensation is preferably carried out in a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran or their homologues.  The magnesium may be activated by mercuric chloride.  In examples: 3 - methyl - 2 - ethoxy - 3 - octanol is prepared from a -chloroethylethyl ether and 2-heptanone, and converted to 3-methyl-2-octanone by the action of formic acid; glycol monoethyl ethers are also prepared by the reaction of a -chloro-ethylethyl ether with heptanal, benzaldehyde, isopropylbenzaldehyde, acrolein, crotonal; isobutyl methyl ketone, amyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone; a -chloropropylethyl ether with heptanal, acrolein, crotonal, benzaldehyde, acetone and isobutyl-methyl ketone; a -chlorobutylethyl ether with heptanal; and a -chloroisobutylethyl ether with heptanal.
Patent GB-865966-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of patterned sheet material
Inventor: HOBDAY FREDERICK
IPC: B32B27/00
Filed: 1956-10-03
Abstract: The method of making marbled sheet material forming the subject of the parent Specification is modified in that the initial variegated sheet is prepared by passing an assembly comprising two or more sheets of thermoplastic composition or vulcanizable rubber composition of different colours between rotating rollers to intermingle the compositions, and in that the base sheet may be of thermoplastic composition or vulcanizable rubber composition. The rubber composition, which may be of natural rubber or of a butadiene-styrene copolymer of low styrene content, preferably contains a coumarone resin and/or a butadiene-styrene copolymer of high styrene content, and in addition to the usual vulcanizing ingredients, may contain fillers such as asbestos or other fibre, clay, powdered asbestos, wood flour, and crushed shells of coconuts or other nuts.  In an example the variegated sheet is formed by intermingling black and white compositions each comprising, in parts by weight, polyvinyl chloride 27, tricresyl phosphate plasticizer 16, lead carbonate 0,75, and asbestos fibres 42.  The black composition also contains 2% carbon black, whilst the white composition includes 5% titanium dioxide. Specifications 829,495 and 843,763 are referred to.ALSO:The method of making marbled sheet material forming the subject of the parent Specification is modified in that the initial variegated sheet is prepared by passing an assembly comprising two or more sheets of thermoplastic composition or vulcanizable rubber composition of different colours between rotating rollers to intermingle the compositions, and in that the base sheet may be of thermoplastic composition or vulcanizable rubber composition. In an example the variegated sheet is formed by intermingling black and white compositions each comprising, in parts by weight, polyvinyl chloride 27, tricresyl phosphate plasticizer 16, lead carbonate 0,75, and asbestos fibres 42.  The black composition also contains 2% carbon black, whilst the white composition contains 5% titanium dioxide.  Specifications 829,495 and 843,763 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1444099-A (GB)
Title: Electrophotographic copier
IPC: G03G15/041
Filed: 1973-06-25
Abstract: 1444099 Projection printing OCE-VAN DER GRINTEN NV 24 June 1974 [25 June 1973] 30128/73 Heading G2A A projection printer, for the copying of different size originals placed against fixed mutually perpendicular guide means, has (a) two alternative optical systems (corresponding to originals of two different sizes) of different focal length and having spaced optical axes, (b) a fixed illuminating system capable of providing an illumination zone of increasing brightness from centre to periphery (to counteract vignetting) and providing symmetrical illumination for one optical system and asymmetrical illumination for the other, and (c) an asymmetrical mask associated with the optical system having asymmetrical illumination. When the former optical system (with symmetrical illumination) corresponds to the original of smaller size, Fig. 3, one mask only is necessary. When, however, the former optical system corresponds to the original of larger size, Fig. 1, a symmetrical mask is necessary for this optical system. The separate optical systems may be formed by parate movable lenses, a compound lens of variable focal length or a single lens with movable mirrors. The asymmetrical mask may have an asymmetrical orifice or an asymmetrically situated circular orifice; and may be planar or tubular.