baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-923201-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of oceanographic sounding and apparatus therefor
IPC: G01C13/00
Filed: 1959-08-06
Abstract: 923,201. Sampling liquids. L. ERDELY. Aug. 6, 1959 [Aug. 6, 1958], No. 26949/59. Class 106 (5). [Also in Group XX] Samples of ocean water having a density greater than normal and located near the ocean floor are collected by a device responsive to increases of density. A float 15, Fig. 2, pivoted at 16, rises due to increased density and operates a mercury switch 17 to inform observers at the surface, and also a mercury switch 18, having a delay of 60 seconds, which controls the circuit of an electromagnet 25 closing a sampling vessel 26. Alternatively sampling may be effected with suction bottles, each bottle being directly recovered afterwards by automatic means, or the water of greater density may be pumped through a duct to the surface. The device is contained in a tray 7, loaded by weight 8, and pivoted about an axis 4, Fig. 1, in a cage-like carriage formed of rods 1, 2 and balls 3. On lowering the carriage in the sea a mercury switch 13 normally completes a circuit but when the sea bed is reached the contacts of switch 13 are opened. Movement of the carriage over the sea bed causes rotation of a ball 10 actuating, through cable 12, a cam disc 27 so that at each revolution a rod 28 is suddenly moved outwardly and the mercury in tube 32 momentarily makes contacts 33, 34 to give an indication at the surface of the rate of movement of the device
Patent GB-1505395-A (GB)
Title: Reinforcing land surfaces
IPC: E01C3/00
Filed: 1975-06-25
Abstract: 1505395 Reinforcing land surfaces RHONE - POULENC - TEXTILE 25 June 1975 [26 June 1974] 26978/75 Heading E1G A method of reinforcing ground to enable it to bear permanent structures comprises laying a plurality of strips of a flexible textile material parallel and edge to edge and interlacing these strips at right angles with further strips laid parallel and edge to edge, the length of each further strip being equal to the sum of the widths of the first strips. The ends of the further strips may be secured to the ground. The textile material is woven from synthetic monofilaments such as those based on polyethylene terephthalate. The textile material may be the three-dimensional comprising several interwoven layers.
Patent GB-752742-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of castings from carbon-containing ferrous metals or alloys
IPC: B22C3/00
Filed: 1954-09-20
Abstract: 752,742. Casting processes. SULZER FRERES SOC. ANON. Sept. 20, 1954 [Oct. 16, 1953], No. 27217/54. Class 83 (1). Carbon-containing ferrous metals or alloys are cast in a mould having a cavity additional to the casting cavity and into which is inserted, either before or after pouring, a protective substance which comprises or produces a reducing gas during the cooling of the casting in the mould, to prevent or reduce surface decarburization. The protective substance may be organic compounds such as oxalic acid; processed natural substances such as coke, pitch, and heavy oil; or brown coal or saw-dust. The moulds may be produced by the lost-wax process.
Patent GB-873823-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrophotography
IPC: G03G13/16
Filed: 1957-08-29
Abstract: 873,823. Electrophotographic processes. KODAK Ltd. Aug. 29, 1957 [Aug. 30, 1956], No. 27229/57. Drawings to Specification. Class 98(2) [Also in Group XVI]  An electrostatic positive latent image on a sheet is developed by contacting it with a uniform layer of developer powder supported on a second sheet, so that powder transfers to the charged areas of the first sheet and leaves a negative powder image on the second sheet. The powder may be initially uncharged, or charged to a polarity opposite to that of the latent image, and the second sheet may be uncharged, or charged to a polarity the same as that of the latent image. Transfer may be effected by passing the sheets together between rollers, with or without electrodes adjacent to the backs of the sheets. The second sheet may be an electrophotographic paper and the uniform layer of powder may be applied by uniform charging, followed by uniform weak exposure simultaneously with spraying on the powder, or the uniformly charged and exposed photoconductive surface may have the powder applied by a magnetic brush in known fashion. Alternatively, the second sheet may comprise cellulose acetate on a backing of paper or aluminium, and the powder may be applied by passing the sheet under a hopper from which the powder falls, or by spraying the powder in a vehicle which subsequently evaporates. The latent electrostatic image may be formed by uniform charging and imagewise exposure of a photoconductive layer on a "conducting' backing (including paper) in known fashion. After transfer, the positive and negative powder images may be fixed by heat, or either may be transferred to a further sheet and fixed thereon. It is possible to obtain a number of transfers from the negative image.
Patent GB-1431666-A (GB)
Title: Carbonaceous binding materials used in manufacturing fired articles
IPC: C04B35/52
Filed: 1973-06-07
Abstract: 1431666 Carbonaceous binding materials KUREHA KAGAKU KOGYO KK 7 June 1973 [12 June 1972] 27289/73 Heading C5E A carbonaceous binding material comprises the reaction product of a carbonizable binder predominantly consisting of aromatic compounds and a modifier which has been prepared by the partial oxidation of tar, pitch or coal to form oxygen-containing functional groups therein such that the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon in the modifier is 0À05 to 0À30. The tar or pitch may be coal tar or pitch, petroleum tar or pitch, or a byproduct tar or pitch obtained from industrial organic syntheses; the coal may be anthracite or bituminous coal. The partial oxidation is effected by heating the tar, pitch or coal in oxygen, ozone, air, sulphur trioxide, or nitrogen dioxide; or by treating the tar, pitch or coal with an aqueous solution of nitric acid, sulphuric acid, a mixture thereof, hypochlorous acid or dichromic acid. The binding material is used in the manufacture of carbon electrodes and blocks, linings and refractories.
Patent GB-616752-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hydraulic dampers
IPC: F16F9/44
Filed: 1946-09-11
Abstract: 616,752. Dashpots. NEWTON, F. Sept. 11, 1946, No. 27332. [Class 108 (iii)] A liquid-filled dashpot comprises a metal cylinder 1 closed at one end, the cylinder wall having a passage 15 leading from the closed end and opening on the end of the wall, a diaphragm 3 of flexible material sealing the open end of the cylinder, a clamping ring 5 pressing the diaphragm upon the open end of the cylinder throughout the periphery of the diaphragm but not over the area about the mouth of the passage 15, a piston 2 fitting the cylinder and secured in liquid-tight fashion to the diaphragm, and a leak limiter adjustable in the clamping ring 5 to limit and vary the extent to which the diaphragm can lift from the area about the mouth of the passage. The piston 2 preferably has its edge sphericallyshaped in cross section to the radius of the cylinder. The diaphragm 3 which may be of neoprene is secured to an outer flange 4 of the cylinder 1 by the clamping ring 5 and set screws (not shown), and to the piston 2 by means of a ferrule 7 and set screws 9. The damping passage 15 opens beneath a portion of the diaphragm 3 which is relieved of pressure by the clamping ring 5 but is covered by a plate 18 which may be put adjustably under pressure by a set-screw 16 to vary the escape of liquid to the front of the cylinder 1. In the construction shown the piston is connected by a rod 10, which is soldered to the ferrule 7, to the armature 11 of an electromagnet 12 which is associated with a carbon pile regulator of the kind described in Specification 514,482, [Group XXXV].
Patent GB-201122-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to air springs or the like
IPC: B60G13/06
Filed: 1922-10-10
Abstract: 201,122. Westinghouse Air Spring- Co., (Assignees of McElroy, J. J.). July 22, 1922, [Convention date]. Pneumatic springs. - Relates to pneumatic shock absorbers of the piston and cylinder type in which successive annular packings are provided for sealing the sliding joint between the piston and cylinder, sealing liquid being withdrawn from between the packings and returned to the cushion chamber by a pump, the relatively movable parts of which are respectively connected to, or carried by, the relativelv movable members of the shock absorber. The cylinder 3 is divided by the piston into two portions 8, 9 forming respectively a load-carrying cushion and a rebound check chamber, and the pump outlet 45 communicates with the bottom of the cushion chamber. The cylinder 3 is closed at its upper end by a head 4, and at its lower end is screwed into a cup-shaped casting 5 secured to the vehicle bracket 15, while the piston is carried by a rod 10 which passes through the bottom of the casting 5 and is connected to a leaf spring 13, the bearing in the bottom of the casting being protected by a flexible sheath 50 and a dust guard 54. The piston comprises annular members 17, 18 secured on the piston rod 10 and supporting cup packings 6, 7, which are respectively held in position bv tubular members 20, 25 and are expanded against the cylinder wall by conical members 21 and springs 22. The piston rod 10 is drilled to form a pump barrel 28 which is in communication by means of a duct 31 with the space 32, apertures 33 being provided in the member 20 to permit passage of the sealing liquid. A tubular pump-piston 36 is loosely jointed at 38 to the housing 40 of the inflating valve 43 carried by the head 4. The inlet of the pump is controlled by a ball valve 30 and the outlet channel 45 drilled in the piston rod is controlled by a ball valve 47. A conical-shaped helical spring may be used as a recoil check instead of the substantially air-tight chamber 9.
Patent GB-260637-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to thermo-plastic derivatives of rubber and methods of making the same
IPC: C08C19/00
Filed: 1926-11-02
Abstract: 260,637. Goodrich Co., B. F., (Assignees of Gray, H.). Nov. 2, 1925, [Convention date]. Addition to 249,172. Utlizing waste rubber.-Vulcanized rubber scrap or reclaim is comminuted, mixed with an organic sulphonyl chloride, and heated to produce an exothermal reaction, whereby a mouldable thermoplastic material is obtained. Crude rubber, or rubber softeners may be added to the scrap to render it coherent and assist in the dispersion of the chloride through the mass. Numerous examples are given of which the following is typical :-100 parts of ground rubber scrap, 10-20 parts crude rubber, 10-20 parts of rosin, and 20 parts of p-toluene sulphonyl chloride are mixed and heated to 140‹ C. for 8 hours. The products soften at 60‹-105‹ C. and have a high mechanical strength and low dielectric constant. Alkali reclaimed rubber is less actively reacted upon than acid reclaim.
Patent GB-795443-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for producing hollow cores for foundry purposes
Inventor: TAYLOR GEORGE WILLIAM
IPC: B22C23/00
Filed: 1953-07-20
Abstract: 795,443. Moulding-machines. POLYGRAM CASTING CO., Ltd. May 25, 1954 [July 20, 1953], No. 27553/55. Divided out of 795,441. Drawings to Specification. Class 83 (1). [Also in Group XXX] Apparatus for producing hollow cores for foundry purposes comprises an outlet-conduit leading from a container for the moulding- mixture, a device for directing a stream of air into the core-box for agitating excess moulding- mixture therein, and suction-apparatus for removing the agitated excess-mixture. The apparatus is as described in Specification 795,441. Specification 795,442 also is referred to.
Patent GB-935499-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to oxidation catalysts and their use in the manufacture of anthraquinone
IPC: B01J23/889
Filed: 1960-08-09
Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is manufactured by precipitating in solution 1-1,5 mols. of a Mn or Fe salt with 1 mol. of an ammonium vanadate (calculated as 1/2 V2O5), adjusting the pH with ammonia to 6,2-7, separating the precipitate, mixing with an inert solid support such as pumice or kieselguhr, and roasting the mixture at at least 500 DEG C. U.S.A. Specification 1,880,322 is referred to.ALSO:Anthraquinone is obtained by vapour phase oxidation of anthracene in presence of a supported manganese or iron vanadate as catalyst.  U.S.A. Specification 1,880,322 is referred to.
Patent GB-1120960-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in mounting of hardware on axial flow compressor casings
Inventor: BOSTOCK RYLANCE HENRY
IPC: F01D17/16
Filed: 1966-06-21
Abstract: 1,120,960. Axial-flow compressors; gas turbine engines. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. June 21, 1966 [July 29, 1965], No. 27598/66. Headings F1C and F1G. Items such as pipe-line holders 64, Fig. 3, actuators and other controls and accessories are mounted on the cylindrical casing 22 of an axialflow compressor forming part of a gas turbine engine by means of a bracket 36 comprising a bridge portion 38 terminating at each end in a foot 40. Each foot 40 is formed with a counterbored hole to fit around the mounting bush 46 of an adjustable pitch stator blade 24. A nut 56 threaded on the bush 46 draws the flange 48 of the bush against a counterbored surface 52 of the casing 22 to clamp the bush and the foot 40 in place. The bracket 36 is preferably of aluminium with a steel insert 60 into which a screw 62 can be threaded to support the pipe-line holder 64 or other item. As shown, the bracket 36 may be secured to adjacent stator blade bushes or may instead be large enough to span over one or more stator blades. The bracket may comprise two bridge portions (38) and three feet (40), Fig. 6 (not shown).
Patent GB-1402144-A (GB)
Title: Part of steel of an elastic nature especially a clutch  diaphragm and a method of its manufacture
IPC: F16D13/58
Filed: 1972-06-13
Abstract: 1402144 Steel components of non-uniform structure SOC ANON FRANCAISE DU FERODO 13 June 1972 [15 June 1971] 27600/72 Heading C7A and C7U A unitary plate-like element of steel comprises at least one high-carbon region extending inwardly from a plane face towards a low carbon region, the high carbon region having a sorbitic or bainitic structure and having a thickness at least 10% of that of the low carbon region. The latter may be sandwiched between two high-carbon regions, while the element may be made by cementation, particularly by carbonitriding at 800-900‹C. A diffusion treatment at 700-850‹C may follow and then a hardening operation which may be a bainitic hardening at 300-350‹C or may be 150-200‹C followed by tempering at 350- 420‹C. The product may be a clutch diaphragm. An exemplified carbonitriding process consists of heating for three hours at 850‹C in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, propane and ammonia.
Patent GB-1461702-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-oxopiper idine
IPC: C07D211/74
Filed: 1974-06-21
Abstract: 1461702 Triacetoneamine CIBA-GEIGY AG 21 June 1974 [25 June 1973 19 April 1974 22 May 1974] 27603/74 Heading C2C 2,2,6,6 - Tetramethyl - 4 - oxopiperidine (triacetoneamine) is prepared by treating 2,2,4,4,6- pentamethyl - 2,3,4,5 - tetrahydropyrimidine (acetonine) or its hydrate with 0À2-12 mol. per cent relative to the acetonine of an acid catalyst (a) without water or with less than an equimolar amount of water relative to the acetonine, in the presence of acetone and/or diacetone alcohol, or (b) with at least an equimolar amount of water relative to the acetonine. The acid catalyst may be a Lewis acid (e.g. ZnCl 2 , SnCl 4 , AlCl 3  or BF 3 ), a proton acid (e.g. a mineral sulphonic, carboxylic, phosphonic or phosphinic acid) or a salt of a proton acid with ammonia or an organic nitrogen base; a variety of such acids and bases is listed. Other salts, bromine or iodine may be present as co-catalysts. Acetone, diacetoneamine, triacetonediamine, phorone, "mesityl oxide" or diacetone alcohol may be present; the use of a solvent (hydrocarbon, chlorinated hydrocarbon, ether, nitrile or a proton solvent, especially an alcohol) is preferred. Triacetoneamine may be isolated as such or as hydrate or salt.
Patent GB-752429-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to delta pulse-code modulation devices
IPC: H04B14/06
Filed: 1954-09-24
Abstract: 752,429. Pulse code modulation systems. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Sept. 24, 1954 [Sept. 28, 1953], No. 27657/54. Class 40 (5). In a delta-code system using a regular sequence of 1 and 0 pulses, the modulating signal level, and the level of the demodulated signal, are controlled by generating a measuring pulse when a pulse " reversal " 10 or 01 occurs in the sequence and a control voltage dependent upon the recurrence frequency of the measuring pulses. The control voltage is applied to vary the gain of signal amplifiers in such a sense that volume compression is introduced at the transmitter and expansion at the receiver. Systems to which the invention may be applied are described in Specifications 684,318 and 691,824. In one embodiment the coded channel pulses a, Fig. 3, are applied through terminals 24, Fig. 2a, to a low-pass filter 25, the cut-off frequency of which is approximately equal to half the maximum pulse recurrence frequency. The resulting broadened pulses b, Fig. 3, are converted into rectangular pulses c by the double-diode limiter 26 and differentiated at 29 to give the sharp leading and trailing edge pulses d. The leading edge pulses, which correspond to reversals 01 in the pulse train a, trigger a flip-flop 30 to produce fixed-duration rectangular pulses which, after amplitude-limitation in circuit 36, form the measuring pulses e. The control voltage, which comprises the D.C. component V D , Fig. 3, of the pulses e, is derived from the filter 37 to form the variable grid bias of an amplifier 3. The channel modulating voltage from terminal 39 is passed through amplifier 3 to the coder for compression in accordance with the control voltage. At the demodulator, an inverse expansion control voltage is derived from a similar circuit, the measuring pulses being derived from the other anode of the flipflop 30 and the diode of the limiter 36 being inverted, Fig. 2b (not shown). In another embodiment, the pulse train is combined with an inverted and delayed version to provide a wave which after clipping and shaping gives a train of measuring pulses, Figs. 4, 5 (not shown). A control voltage generator for the type of system in which 1-pulses and actual 0-pulses exist in separate paths is described, Figs. 7, 8 (not shown).
Patent GB-1199240-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Nickel-Chromium Alloys
Inventor: FONTAINE PAUL ISIDORE
IPC: C22C19/05
Filed: 1968-06-11
Abstract: 1,199,240. Nickel alloys. INTERNATIONAL NICKEL Ltd. May 30, 1969 [June 11, 1968], No.27671/68. Heading C7A. An alloy for use at high temperature while exposed to the combustion products of impure hydrocarbon fuels or to salt, e.g. for use as gas turbine blades, has the following weight percentage composition:- Cr 27-31 Co 10-25 Nb 0À2-2 Ti} 2À25-4À5, with Ti: Al = 1: 1 to 4: 1 C 0À02-01 B 0À002-0À01 Zr 0-0À6 rare earth(s) 0-0À3 Y 0-2 Ni and impurities - balance. The factor 5Nb+4 (Ti + Al) + <SP>2</SP>/ 3  Cr should not exceed 40. Ta may comprise up to 10% of the Nb addition. Impurities may be Si up to 1%, Mn up to 1% and Fe up to 2%. The alloy may be solution-heated and aged.
Patent GB-969530-A (GB)
Title: A tunnel diode
IPC: H01L21/00
Filed: 1961-07-31
Abstract: 969,530. Semi-conductor devices. SIEMENSSCHUCKERTWERKE A.G. July 31, 1961 [July 30, 1960], No. 27774/61. Heading H1K. The capacitance of a tunnel diode is increased by incorporating in the body a non-tunnelling PN junction in parallel with the tunnel PN junction. Fig. 4 shows a semi-conductor bosy 41 of N-type GaAs having a P-type layer 43 produced by diffusion of Zn at 900 C. to which a ball of tin 44 has been alloyed for about 1 minute at 600 C. to produce a tunnel junction 45 between the N-type alloyed region and the P-type layer 43. The tin alloyed region contacts N-type region 41 and an ohmic electrode 46 contacts P-layer 43. Alternatively, the alloying may be from a ball containing tin and 5% zinc in which case the tunnel junction is produced between the alloyed region and the original N-type region to which an ohmic electrode is applied. The arrangement adds capacitance to the tunnel diode, so avoiding the tendency to produce high frequency oscillations due to the negative resistance effect of the tunnel diode when used in control circuits. Si, Ge, JnAs, JnSG, JnP, GaSb and GaAs may be used as semi-conductor material.
Patent GB-646671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to screw-anchors intended to be moulded into a wall or the like supporting structure
IPC: F16B37/12
Filed: 1948-10-26
Abstract: 646,671. Wall plugs. MALMKVIST, O. V. Oct. 26, 1948, No. 27781. [Class 89(i)] A wall plug consisting of a wire helix has one end wound back over the helix 1 in triangular, square, oval or other non- circular shape 3.
Patent GB-1132957-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of magnetic recording media
IPC: C08L61/28
Filed: 1966-06-22
Abstract: 1,132,957. iron oxide dispersion. AMPEX CORP. 22 June, 1966 [24 June, 1965], No. 27933/66. Heading C1A. [Also in Division H1] A dispersion of iron oxide in an organic solvent is formed using a melamine-formaldehyde resin as dispersing agent, with or without lecithin. The solvent may be a mixture of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and toluol.
Patent GB-985309-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to heating means
IPC: H05B3/78
Filed: 1961-08-01
Abstract: 985,309. Electric immersion-heaters. BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. Aug. 1, 1961 [Aug. 1, 1960], No. 27947/61. Heading H5H. An electric immersionheater 10 (Fig. 1) comprises a resistance heating - element 12 lodged in a tubular metal sheath 16 and separated therefrom by a thin layer of dielectric material 22, e.g. vitreous enamel or semivitreous enamel containing refractory material, bonded to the inner surface of sheath 16 or the outer surface of element 12, the space or chamber 26 within element 12 being filled with pebbles of refractory material 34, e.g. silica, to which pressure is applied by a disc 36 carried by a screw-threaded rod 28, whereby element 12 is pressed into close contact with the dielectric material 22 and sheath 16. Element 12 comprises two semi-cylindrical portions 12<SP>1</SP>, 12<SP>11</SP> (Fig. 3) made of electric resistance heating material, e.g. an alloy of 80% nickel and 20% chromium, an iron-nickel alloy or a copper-nickel alloy, and coupled to one another at their lowermost ends by an electrically conducting sleeve 14 made of e.g. stainless steel or copper, the other ends of these portions being attached to terminals 24, 24<SP>1</SP>. Alternatively, the heating-element may be pressed against the dielectric material and tubular sheath by two semi-cylindrical members (not shown) made of refractory material and forced apart by a wedge-shaped member.
Patent GB-299869-A (GB)
IPC: B22D13/10
Filed: 1928-09-29
Abstract: 299,869. Mannesmannr÷hren-WerkÞ. Nov. 4, 1927, [Convention date]. Casting - machines. - Centrifugal casting - machines, especially for ingots, have the mould easily exchangeable in a container c, rotated about a vertical axis. The mould is seated by means of complementary conical bearing ribs f, d.
Patent GB-855206-A (GB)
Title: Process for sterilizing milk
IPC: A23C3/037
Filed: 1957-09-05
Abstract: In sterilizing milk, e.g. whole milk, skim milk, cream, concentrated milk, while preserving the initial properties, the milk is warmed to 145-165 DEG F. the warmed milk is, in the form of a falling film in a closed chamber, subjected to steam at a temperature sufficiently high to raise the temperature of each particle of the milk to 300 DEG F. a seal of liquid milk is maintained at the bottom of the steam chamber inside the discharge end thereof to prevent discharge of steam with the milk, the milk is maintained at 300 DEG F. for 1,5-3 sec., the steam is separated from the milk, and the temperature of the milk is reduced quickly, e.g. by flowing it into a vacuum chamber.