baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20100126167-A (KR)
Title: Plasma gas scrubbing equipment
Inventor: KIM ICK NYOUN
IPC: B01D47/06
Filed: 2009-12-22
Abstract: PURPOSE: A plasma gas scrubber apparatus is provided to economically perform an atmospheric pressure plasma fabrication process, and to reduce the necessity of using expensive analyzer for each chamber. CONSTITUTION: A plasma gas scrubber apparatus comprises the following: plural processing chambers(110) using a plasma to process waste gas; plural nozzles(130) for spraying water to the waste gas exhausted from the processing chambers; a water tank(160) connected to the chambers and the nozzles; and more than one compressors(170) for cooling and condensing steam generated from the chambers and the nozzles.
Patent KR-20110076665-A (KR)
Title: Earth quake-proof reinforcement sturcture of remodeling building
Inventor: CHUNG JIN AN
IPC: E04H9/06
Filed: 2009-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: An earthquake-proof reinforcement structure of a remodeling building is provided to improve earthquake-resistant performance by recovering the rigidity of a beam. CONSTITUTION: An earthquake-proof reinforcement structure of a remodeling building comprises a frame, a supporting member(140) and a tensioning gear(160). The frame is composed of a post and beam which are made of concrete and steel reinforcing bar. The supporting member is installed in order to be arranged outside frame. The tensioning gear is installed in the supporting member in order to be connected to the beam. The tensioning gear reduces the vertical load added to the beam. The tensioning gear comprises a clamping part, a tension member and a connecting member. The clamping part is installed in the supporting member. The both end part is fixed in the clamping part after tension member is built-in. The connecting member transfers the force of restitution to the beam from the tension member.
Patent KR-20110077917-A (KR)
Title: Method for impurity doping
Inventor: KIM SOO HONG
IPC: H01L21/266
Filed: 2009-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for implanting impurities is provided to reduce manufacturing time and costs by forming an area with different impurity implantation condition through one photo resist mask process. CONSTITUTION: A photoresist mask(22a) of a Y axial direction and a photoresist mask(22b) of an X axial direction are respectively formed on a substrate. The photoresist mask of the Y axial direction and the photoresist mask of the X axial direction have a structure with a phase angle of 90 degrees. The impurity is implanted in an incline angle of the X axial direction. The impurity is implanted in an incline angle of the Y axial direction. The photoresist mask is removed.
Patent KR-20090081366-A (KR)
Title: Plasma display equipment and method of driving plasma display panel
Inventor: IBARAKI HIROSHI
IPC: G09G3/291
Filed: 2008-04-23
Abstract: Plasma display equipment comprising a plasma display panel, a scan electrode driving circuit which generates a descending gradient waveform voltage which gently descends in an initialization period and also generates a first gradient waveform voltage which gently ascends in an initialization period of at least one sub-field (first SF) of one field, and a panel temperature detector circuit. In this plasma display equipment, the lowest voltage in the descending gradient waveform voltage is switched over to a first voltage (Vi4L), a second voltage (Vi4M) whose voltage value is higher than that of the fist voltage (Vi4L), or a third voltage (Vi4H) whose voltage value is higher than that of the second voltage (Vi4M) depending on the temperature detected by the panel temperature detector circuit.
Patent KR-20090045317-A (KR)
Inventor: ISHIKAWA RYO
IPC: H03F3/60
Filed: 2007-08-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 회로의 소형화가 가능한 고주파 처리 회로 및 그것을 이용한 증폭 회로를 제공한다.  제1 임피던스 조정부와, 제2 임피던스 조정부를 구비한다.  제1 임피던스 조정부는, 결합 분포 상수 선로 CT를 구비한다.  결합 분포 상수 선로 CT는, 증폭용 트랜지스터 S의 출력이 입력되는 것이며, 또한, 상기 증폭용 트랜지스터 S의 출력에서의 기본파의 파장 λ의 1/4의 길이를 갖고 있다.  또한, 제1 임피던스 조정부는, 짝수차 고조파에 대한 입력 임피던스를, 실질적으로 무한대 또는 0 중의 한쪽으로 조정한다.  제1 임피던스 조정부와 제2 임피던스 조정부는, 홀수차 고조파에 대한 입력 임피던스를, 실질적으로 무한대 또는 0 중의 다른 쪽으로 조정한다. 
       
     증폭기, 고조파 처리 회로, 출력 단자, 임피던스, 증폭 회로, 증폭형 트랜지스터
Patent KR-20090057284-A (KR)
Title: Container for receiving media and/or units which are to be stored at low temperatures
Inventor: REBERNIK MATTHIAS
IPC: F17C3/02
Filed: 2007-09-25
Abstract: A container for receiving cryogenic media and/or units which are to be stored at low temperatures, having an outer shell (1) and an insulating shell (10) which is connected directly or indirectly to said outer shell (1) in a positionally stable manner and is optionally surrounded by one or more further insulating shells (10), wherein an inner shell (2) for storing cryogenic media is connected to the outer shell (1) via fastening elements (3) in a positionally stable manner, is characterized in that, in order to secure a spacing between the insulating shells (10) and the outer and inner shells (1, 2), each insulating shell (10) is of at least two-part configuration and is fastened to the outer shell (1) and/or to the inner shell (2) by means of positioning elements (11, 26, 27) which are independent of the fastening elements (3), wherein the insulating shell (10) is spaced apart without contact from the outer or inner shell (1, 2) or from a further insulating shell (10) with the formation of a gap (15).
Patent KR-20090078789-A (KR)
Title: Curable fluorine-containing polymer composition
Inventor: IMOTO KATSUHIKO
IPC: C08L27/12
Filed: 2007-10-12
Abstract: Disclosed is a curable fluorine-containing polymer composition which is quickly cured at relatively low temperatures by hydrosilylation and forms a film having high hardness, excellent solvent resistance and flexibility. Specifically disclosed is a curable fluorine-containing polymer composition, which contains a fluorine-containing polymer containing a fluorinated ethylenic monomer unit and non-fluorinated ethylenic monomer unit, wherein a part or all of the non-fluorinated ethylenic monomer unit is the unit represented by the following formula: (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group having an ethylenic C=C bond; X represents-C(O)NH-or-C(O)-; R3 represents-O-,-O[CH(R4)]mO-,-(CH2)mO-,-OC(O)-(CH2)nO-or-(CH2)mOC(O)-(CH2)nO-(wherein R4 represents-H,-OH,-CH2OH or-O-X-R2)); a siloxane compound having a silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atom; and a hydrosilylation catalyst.
Patent KR-20090058015-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for performing user-defined clipping in object space
Inventor: BI NING
IPC: G06T15/30
Filed: 2007-09-12
Abstract: A method and device for performing and processing user-defined clipping in object space to reduce the number of computations needed for the clipping operation. The method and device also combine the modelview transformation of the vertex coordinates with projection transform. The user-defined clipping in object space provides a higher performance and less power consumption by avoiding generation of eye coordinates if there is no lighting. The device includes a driver for the user-defined clipping in the object space to perform dual mode user-defined clipping in object space when a lighting function is disabled and in eye space when the lighting function is enabled.
Patent KR-20090068259-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for injecting transient hardware faults for software testing
Inventor: CHAKRABORTY TAPAN JYOTI
IPC: G06F11/36
Filed: 2007-10-01
Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for injecting dynamic faults in a circuit device. The apparatus includes a first register adapted with selection data identifying selected ones of a plurality of outputs of the circuit device and/or selected ones of a plurality of error registers of the circuit device, a second register adapted with dynamic fault data for propagation toward the selected ones of the outputs of the circuit device and/or the selected ones of the error registers of the circuit device, and a controller for applying the selection data to the first register and the dynamic fault data to the second register in a manner for providing a dynamic fault on each of the selected ones of the outputs of the circuit device and/or each of the selected ones of the error registers of the circuit device.
Patent KR-20090069305-A (KR)
Title: Vaporizer and film forming apparatus
Inventor: MOCHIZUKI TAKASHI
IPC: C23C16/448
Filed: 2007-08-06
Abstract: The size of drops of liquid raw material spouted into a vaporization chamber is controlled so as to suppress any dispersion of drop size, thereby attaining assured vaporization of the drops. The vaporizer comprises raw material liquid chamber (410) into which a liquid raw material is fed at given pressure; multiple raw material spout nozzles (420) for spouting the liquid raw material stored in the raw material liquid chamber; vaporization chamber (430) for vaporizing the liquid raw material spouted from the multiple raw material spout nozzles so as to form a raw material gas; and piezoelectric device (440) for periodically changing the volume of internal space of the raw material liquid chamber so as to apply spout pressure to the liquid raw material.
Patent KR-20090100360-A (KR)
Title: Dialkylamino alkyl esters of pivagabine as medicaments for the treatment of central nervous system disorders
Inventor: RAFFERTY Michael
IPC: C07D295/088
Filed: 2007-11-28
Abstract: The present embodiments are related to the compound of Formula 1 or Formula 2 below and pharmaceutical formulations thereof as well as treatments for a wide variety of Central Nervous System disorders with the pharmaceutical formulations. Some embodiments include the use of a variety of the instant compounds which surprisingly and advantageously exhibit improved pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profiles in comparison to pivagabine.
Patent KR-20090130844-A (KR)
Title: Cmos circuits with high-k gate dielectric
Inventor: ADAMS CHARLOTTE DE WAN
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 2008-04-09
Abstract: A CMOS structure is disclosed in which a first type FET contains a liner, which liner has oxide (20) and nitride (20') portions. The nitride portions are forming the edge segments of the liner. These nitride portions are capable of preventing oxygen from reaching the high-k dielectric gate insulator (10) of the first type FET. A second type FET device of the CMOS structure has a liner without nitride portions (21). As a result, an oxygen exposure is capable to shift the threshold voltage of the second type of FET, without affecting the threshold value of the first type FET. The disclosure also teaches methods for producing the CMOS structure in which differing type of FET devices have their threshold values set independently from one another.
Patent KR-20090096633-A (KR)
Title: Orthopedic implant devices curable in vivo
Inventor: PROTOPSALTIS DIMITRI K
IPC: A61B17/70
Filed: 2007-12-19
Abstract: Orthopedic implants (100, 200, 300, 301, 320, 340, 400, 500, 600, 700, 720, 740, 760, 770, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800) include a device that is non-rigid, i.e., flexible and/or malleable, in a first form for insertion into a desired in vivo site, and then transformable into a rigid, or hardened, form for providing a load-bearing function or providing other structural and/or mechanical function after implantation. The device includes a biocompatible sheath (110) and a curable material (120) sealed within the sheath (110). The curable material (120) is provided in a first form that provides flexibility to the device and is structured to rigidize in a second form after application of a quantity of an initiating energy to the material (120). Related methods and kits are also provided.
Patent KR-20090115209-A (KR)
Title: Information recording device, information recording method, information recording medium, information reproducing device, information reproducing method, information transmission device and information transmission method
Inventor: NAKANE KAZUHIKO
IPC: G11B20/10
Filed: 2008-02-28
Abstract: A device and a method capable of simply recording a plurality of contents subjected to authoring for DVD in bulk on a mass storage medium, while increasing data rate in reproducing recorded contents. Source packets created from a disk image file are collected as an array unit (320), and the array units (320) are collected as an ECC cluster, then DVD sectors are collected as a sector group, which is stored in association with a given number of source packets. A sector group with added control packet is used as a conversion unit. A collection of those conversion units is associated with the integer number of array units (320). The control packet stores the cluster number containing a head sector of the DVD sector group. Source packets are set up such that a starting part of a file system region is consistent with a head of the array unit (320) and that of the ECC cluster, thereby recording the disk image file using a length ensuring consistency of a conversion unit delimiter and an ECC cluster delimiter as a unit.
Patent KR-20090127350-A (KR)
Title: Method, device and base station for generating protocol data unit
Inventor: WANG YONGGANG
IPC: H04L47/43
Filed: 2008-03-21
Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating a PDU and a base station thereof. The method for generating a PDU includes: segmenting an input SDU into at least one segmentation in such a manner that the at least one segmentation is distributed in at least one PDU; and setting an offset field and at least one length indicator field in a header of each PDU, wherein the offset field indicates an offset of a first segmentation of a first new SDU appearing in the PDU, and the length indicator field indicates the end of the new SDU or the segmentation of the new SDU in the PDU. With the present invention, since a single SDU is indicated only using one LI even if it is segmented into a plurality of segmentations, and the LI indicates the end of SDU in one PDU, it is ensured that an eNB in the SFN can recover packets in case of multiple packets loss while avoiding de-synchronization during the contents transmission.
Patent KR-20100007890-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for providing gateway relocation when performing a handover
Inventor: AHMAVAARA KALLE I
IPC: H04W88/14
Filed: 2008-04-18
Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing gateway relocation to an external network wherein a user equipment (UE) includes an initial external network connection via a source core node, comprises initializing a mobility event, reallocating the initial external network connection from via the source core node to via a target core node to create a new external network connection, allocating the new IP address to the UE for the new external network connection, and using the new IP address.
Patent KR-20110084015-A (KR)
Title: Composition of cylinder block for compressor in automobile airconditioner
Inventor: LEE GEON HO
IPC: B22D17/00
Filed: 2010-01-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A composition for a cylinder block of a compressor for an air conditioner of a vehicle is provided to improve hardness, processability, and abrasion-resinstance by adding silicon, copper, and magnesium. CONSTITUTION: A composition for a cylinder block of a compressor for an air conditioner of a vehicle is composed of silicon 10~20 weight%, copper 2~7 weight%, magnesium 0.3~0.9 weight%, zinc 0.0001~1.5 weight%, iron 0.1~0.7 weight%, manganese 0.2~0.8 weight%, nickel 0.1~1.2 weight%, chromium 0.02~0.3 weight%, and residual aluminum.
Patent KR-20110085338-A (KR)
Title: Type-r and type-gr fire alarm control panel system with optical repeaters
Inventor: YANG JONG SUCK
IPC: H04B10/29
Filed: 2010-01-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical broadcasting R-type and GR-type receiver system is provided to expand the reception capability of an R-type and GR-type receiver. CONSTITUTION: A first optical transmission/receiving module(131) receives an optical signal from a next optical transducer which is connected to a daisy chain. The first optical transmission/receiving module converts a lower electronic signal into an optical signal. A second transmission/receiving module(132) receives the lower electronic signal from the optical signal.
Patent KR-20100086435-A (KR)
Title: Nonvolatile semiconductor memory device and method for manufacturing same
Inventor: KITO MASARU
IPC: H01L21/8247
Filed: 2010-01-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to increase the integration of a memory cell per unit area by arranging a plurality of memory cells in a three dimensional matrix shape. CONSTITUTION: A laminate(ML) is formed by alternatively laminating a plurality of interlayer insulating films(ILD) and a plurality of control gate electrodes(CG). A penetration hole(H) is formed on the laminate in a laminate direction. A semiconductor pillar(SP) is laid in the penetration hole of the laminate. A floating gate electrode(FG) is formed between the control gate electrodes. The first insulating layer is formed between the semiconductor filler and the floating gate electrode, and between control gate electrodes. The second insulating layer is formed between the semiconductor pillar and the floating gate electrode.
Patent KR-20110089385-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DONG UN
IPC: A61L2/26
Filed: 2010-01-31
Abstract: 본 발명에 의한 터치스크린 살균 장치는 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서 중앙부에 터치스크린을 수납하며 일측면에 살균 광선 투과 구멍이 형성된 터치스크린 지지 프레임; 상기 터치스크린 지지 프레임의 일측면에 형성된 살균 광선 투과 구멍에 평행한 방향으로 부착된 살균램프 수납 프레임; 상기 수납 프레임 내부에 장착되는 살균램프 소켓; 상기 살균램프 소켓에 결합하는 살균램프; 사용자의 접근을 감지하는 접근 감지 센서; 상기 접근 감지 센서로부터 감지된 신호에 따라 살균램프를 키거나 끄도록 제어하는 제어부를 포함하여 구성되고,  터치스크린 표면을 살균램프를 통하여 살균하여 터치스크린 표면을 통한 세균 감염을 예방할 수 있고, 사람이 이용하지 않을 때 수시로 살균램프가 가동되도록 함으로써 효율적인 살균처리 수행이 가능하면서도 사람이 장시간 이용하지 않을 때에는 살균램프가 자동으로 꺼지도록 함으로써 전력 소모를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있으며, 또한 반사갓과 반사판의 설치를 통하여 살균램프의 조사 효율을 극대화시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-20110089904-A (KR)
Title: An antioxidantal use of subcritical water extracts of onion peels
Inventor: PAIK HYUN DONG
IPC: C09K15/34
Filed: 2010-02-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Subcritical water extracts are provided to ensure excellent antioxidation effects, short extraction time, and minimized content of impurities and to enable environmental compatibility. CONSTITUTION: An antioxidant including subcritical water extracts of onion peels as an active ingredient is prepared by the steps of: preparing a sample by blending the sliced onion peel with diatomite in a ration of 1:2 or 1:3; mounting the prepared sample in the cell of 34 mL or 66 mL size; and adding distilled water to the cell and performing the extraction at 110 °C under 60 pressure for 15 minutes.
Patent KR-20110095498-A (KR)
Title: Lift-up sliding hinge module
Inventor: KUM KI HYUN
IPC: H04M1/02
Filed: 2010-02-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A lift up sliding hinge module is provided to move a portable terminal moving body in a lifting state form a main body of a portable terminal. CONSTITUTION: Guide members(200) is combined to both sides of a fixing plate. A moving plate(300) is combined to slide guide members. Lift members is mounted to both sides of the moving plate. The lift members are arranged by being inserted to the guide members. In the guide members and the lift members are formed to a slope surface.
Patent KR-20110096810-A (KR)
Inventor: SUNG HYUK JUN
IPC: H04L7/00
Filed: 2010-02-23
Abstract: 수신 장치로 인가되는 데이터의 통신 프레임 패턴이 복수의 근거리 통신 프로토콜 중의 어느 프로토콜에 속하는 지를 신속하게 검출할 수 있는 통신 모드 검출방법이 개시된다. 그러한 통신 모드 검출 방법에 따르면, 근거리 통신 이니씨에이터로부터 전송되는 데이터의 통신 프레임 패턴을 미리 설정된 샘플링 클럭에 동기하여 수신하는 단계가 마련된다. 통신 모드의 검출은, 상기 통신 프레임 패턴 중의 스타트 패턴을 분석함에 의해 달성된다. 통신 모드가 신속하게 검출됨은 물론, 통신 모드 세팅을 위한 동작을 별도로 수행함이 없이도 데이터가 자동으로 수신되기 때문에, 수신 장치의 동작 퍼포먼스가 개선된다.
Patent KR-20110096826-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI MYEONG GIL
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 2010-02-23
Abstract: 보안 정책의 관리는 홈 보안서버(HSG)를 통해 이루어진다. 홈 보안서버는 보안정책관리와 로그를 관리하는 두가지 서비스를 제공한다.
Patent KR-20110096872-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SU JIN
IPC: H01J17/49
Filed: 2010-02-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 회로기판과 베이스기판의 정렬마크를 촬상하는 광학부의 간격조절이 캠구동 방식으로 이루어져 슬림한 구조가 가능하며, 다수의 촬상유닛 배치가 용이한 기판 촬상유닛 및 이를 이용한 회로기판 본딩장치에 관한 것으로, 접착필름이 부착된 베이스 기판에 회로기판을 본딩하기 위하여 기판의 정렬마크의 영상을 획득하여 제공하는 기판 촬상유닛에 있어서, 상기 기판의 정렬마크를 촬상하는 한 쌍의 광학부; 회전력을 제공하는 구동부; 상기 구동부와 연결되어 회전하는 회전축; 상기 회전축과 교차하는 방향으로 상기 광학부들 사이 간격을 조절하는 간격조절부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다.
Patent KR-20100097073-A (KR)
Title: Pad design for backside illuminated image sensor
Inventor: WANG WEN DE
IPC: H01L27/144
Filed: 2010-02-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A pad design for a back light image sensor is provided to minimize a wafer area which can be wasted due to a CSP(Chip Scale Package) process by providing an improved I/O terminal property. CONSTITUTION: A device substrate(250) has a pixel region and a circuit region. A pixel array(204) is formed within the pixel region. A control circuit(206) is formed within the circuit region. An interconnecting structure is formed on the pixel array and the control circuit. The interconnecting structure electrically interlinks the control circuit to the pixel array.
Patent KR-20110104853-A (KR)
Title: 엄지,검지손가락을 지탱해 줄 수 있는 돌출 거치대를 구성하고 있는 골프채 그립
Inventor: KIM DONG HYUN
IPC: A63B53/14
Filed: 2010-03-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 종례의 골프채 그립에 엄지와 검지 손가락을 지탱해 줄 수 있는 돌출거치대를 구성한 골프채 그립과 독립적으로 부착하여 사용할수 있는 독립형 엄지,검지 돌출거치대에 관한것이다 
       
     엄지 돌출 지지대 ,검지 돌출 지지대
Patent KR-20100108277-A (KR)
Title: Continuously variable transmission and method for controlling the same
Inventor: INOUE MAMIKO
IPC: F16H61/66
Filed: 2010-03-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A continuously variable automatic transmission and a control method thereof are provided to improve oscillation performance by changing the gear ratio of a variator into the lowest level during a rapid deceleration process. CONSTITUTION: A continuously variable automatic transmission(4) comprises a variator and an auxiliary transmission device which is serially installed to the variator. A transmission controller(12) varies the shiftgear of the auxiliary transmission device(30). The transmission controller executes a cooperation transmission process. The transmission controller controls the shiftgear of the auxiliary transmission device with a first gear. The transmission controller executes a noncooperation transmission process which changes the speed of the variator(20).
Patent KR-20110073173-A (KR)
Title: Memory system comprising a plurality of dma channels and intergrating management method for a plurality of dma channels
Inventor: CHUN IK JAE
IPC: G06F13/16
Filed: 2010-03-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A memory system comprising a plurality of DMA channels and an integrating management method for a plurality of DMA channels are provided to improve data transmission efficiency of a memory controller by the integrated management of multichannel memory controller and connected multiple DMA channels. CONSTITUTION: A memory controller(200) performs data transceiving operation with a memory(100). The memory controller comprises multiple channels which are physically separated each other. A DMA controller (300) is connected to the multiple channels of the memory controller and includes multiple DMA channels which are physically separated each other. The DMA controller performs data transceiving operation with the memory through the multiple DMA channels and the memory controller. An access module(400) connects the channels of the memory controller with the DMA channels each other.
Patent KR-20110109605-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON JAE IL
IPC: F16B33/00
Filed: 2010-03-31
Abstract: 본 발명은 피체결구(10)에 결합되는 체결구에 있어서: 숫나사(22)와 반구형헤드(25)를 지니는 볼트(20); 암나사(32)와 반구형헤드(35)를 지니는 너트(30); 및 상기 볼트(20)와 너트(30)의 반구형헤드(25)(35)에 형성되어 조임 또는 풀림 기능을 수행하는 보조수단(50);을 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다. 
이에 따라, 수분의 침투에 의한 부식의 우려를 줄여 내구성을 향상하고 임의로 해체하기 곤란하여 각종의 사고를 방지하는 효과가 있다.
Patent KR-20110111744-A (KR)
Inventor: MIN MYOUNG KI
IPC: H01M8/10
Filed: 2010-04-05
Abstract: 담체 및 상기 담체에 분산 담지된 활성금속을 포함하고, 하기 일반식 1로 표시되는 분산도(Dp)가 0.01 내지 1.0 범위인 연료전지용 촉매, 이를 포함하는 막-전극 어셈블리, 및 연료전지 시스템을 제공한다. 
[일반식 1] 
분산도(Dp)={(X-X 10 )/(X 1 -B)}*(B/X) 2   
상기 일반식 1에서 X, X 10 , X 1 , 및 B의 정의는 명세서 내에 기재한 바와 같다.