Patent GB-1476676-A (GB)
Title: Neutron lifetime well logging methods and apparatus
IPC: E21B49/00
Filed: 1974-11-15
Abstract: 1476676 Neutron well-logging TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP 15 Nov 1974 [17 Dec 1973] 49653/74 Heading G1A Well-logging apparatus comprises a logging tool for passage through a borehole and includes: a source for continuously bombarding the environs with fast neutrons, with means for modulating the source harmonically so as to produce an intensitymodulated uninterrupted flux of neutrons; and means for measuring a time-dependent characteristic of thermal neutrons produced in the environs by the bombardment. A well-logging sonde 12, Fig. 1, suspended for traversing a borehole 10 in earth formations 11, comprises a variable neutron source 12B, a radiation shield 12C, a thermal neutron (TN) detector 12D, a gamma (γ) ray detector 12E, and electronics 12F responsive to the detectors 12D, 12E, and to the source modulation means, for transmitting identifiable pulses up an armoured cable 13 to an analyzer and recorder carried in a truck 15 at the surface. Source 12B The source, for injecting a preferably sinusoidally-modulated population of fast (14 Me V) neutrons into the environs, may comprise either (a) a discharge tube containing a deuterium source and generating therefrom ions at an intensity modulated by a potential applied to a control grid, and accelerating the deuterium ions to a tritium target which in response emits a modulated cloud of neutrons; or (b) a tubular housing 24 Fig. 2 supporting quadrantal Pu<SP>238</SP> or Ac<SP>227</SP> segments emitting α-particles towards a Be core 20 provided with quadrantal Ni segments 23, the elements being so shaped that rotation of the core 20 by a motor 22 causes the cloud of emitted neutrons to be sinusoidally modulated (e.g. at 400 Hz). Detectors 12D, 12E The TN detector 12D may be a He<SP>3</SP> or BF 3  device. The γ detector 12E may be a NaI(T1) crystal optically coupled to a photo-multiplier. Sonde electronics 12F These comprise: power supplies; means for generating a positive synchronization (sync) pulse at each instant when the source modulation envelope begins to exceed the average level; positive pulse means responsive to each γ-ray detected; and negative pulse means responsive to each TN detected. Principle of Operation The injection of fast neutrons from the source 12B into the environs causes a cloud of thermal neutrons to be released, the subsequent exponential decay of these by capture causing the emission of γ-rays. If the source 12B is sinusoidally modulated about an average intensity, the steady-state rate of γ-ray detection takes a sinusoidal form, but has a phase lag which is a measure of the thermal neutron macroscopic capture cross-section of the total environs. A similar phase lag measured for directly-detected TN in the borehole provides a correction for the effects of the borehole casing and cement lining, and for any material in the borehole. Analysis The positive sync pulses 100 Fig. 7, positive γ-ray pulses and negative TN pulses, transmitted up the cable 13, are sorted in an analyzer Fig. 5 (not shown). Counts C 1 -C 4  Fig. 7 of γ-ray pulses, made during four consecutive quarter-periods 101-104 of the source modulation waveform N, are used to calculate the tangent of the γ-ray modulation phase angle. Similarly a phase tangent is calculated for the detected TN modulation. The γ-ray and TN counts are also accumulated for periods of one second to determine their average rates which are proportional to the amplitudes of their respective modulation envelopes. The two phase tangents and two amplitudes are then used to calculate a phase angle component representing the required characteristic of the earth formations alone.