Patent GB-780250-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for simulating the operation of radio, radar or like systems
Inventor: CUTLER ALBERT ERNEST
IPC: G06G7/78
Filed: 1954-02-09
Abstract: 780,250. Electric analogue calculating systems. COMMUNICATIONS PATENTS, Ltd. Feb. 3, 1955 [Feb. 9, 1954], No. 3747/54. Class 37. [Also in Groups XXXVIII and XL (c)] Relates to apparatus for producing signals simulating (1) the signals received or reflected by an object moving through the field of a transmitter whose radiated field strength pattern comprises a plurality of lobes, (2) the signals received from a moving radiating or reflecting object by a receiver having a multi-lobe directivity pattern, or (3) a combination of (1) and (2). Such apparatus is employed for training in the use of directional radio or acoustic communication and locating systems. According to the present invention two sets of control voltages are generated which are respectively proportional to (1), the distances d of the object from the axes of the lobes measured along perpendiculars to said axes passing through said object, and (2) the linear semi-widths w of the lobes as measured along said perpendiculars and signals are generated in the apparatus and applied to a utilization circuit, e.g. a cathode-ray tube, through an amplifier whose gain is controlled by said control voltages such that said signals are applied to said utilization circuit only when the object is within any of the lobes. The invention is described as applied to the simulation of signals received by an object from a transmitter having a vertical polar diagram, Fig. 1, comprising five lobes, the angles of elevation of the lobes being #1 ... #5 and their angular semi-widths being a1 ... a5. It is shown with reference to Fig. 2 (not shown) that for the nth lobe where R and h are the plan range and height of the object and D is the diameter of the earth, the term R<SP>2</SP>/D being a correction factor due to the curvature of the earth. As shown in Fig. 4, a computer unit 32 produces A.C. voltages proportional to R, R<SP>2</SP> and h which are applied in parallel to five additional computing channels corresponding to the five lobes. Considering the first channel only, in-phase R and h voltages are applied via conductors 13 and 14 to weighting and summing resistors 15 and 16 such that the output from amplifier 17<SP>1</SP> represents (R cos #+ h sin #) and this output is rectified at 181 giving a positive voltage which is multiplied by the factor tan a by potentiometer 19<SP>1</SP> giving the required w positive D.C. voltage which is applied to bias rectifier 24. Anti-phase Rand h voltages and R<SP>2</SP> voltages from unit 32 are applied via conductors 20, 21 and 26 to weighting and summing resistors 23, 22, 27 such that the amplitude of the resultant A.C. voltage applied to rectifier 24 is proportional to d and accordingly rectifier 24 will conduct to charge capacitor 33 negatively only when d # w, i.e. the object is outside the lobe. The negative voltage across capacitor 33 is applied to control the gain of amplifier 25 to which signals from source 28 are applied and the output from amplifier 25 is combined with the outputs from the corresponding amplifiers in the other channels and applied through the common amplifier 30 to the utilization circuit so that a final output signal is obtained when the object is within any lobe. In order to simulate the dependence of the " received " signal on the slant range S of the object, an additional amplifier is added after amplifier 30 or between amplifiers 25 and 30 in each chain, the gain of the amplifier(s) being controlled by the output from any of the rectifiers 18, e.g. 18<SP>5</SP> as shown, since such output is approximately proportional to S. When simulating a pulse radar the signal source 28 comprises a pulse generator, the timing of the pulses being controlled by time-base 29 and a slant range voltage S from rectifier 18<SP>5</SP>. To simulate the effect of a three-dimensional lobe structure, a second apparatus is used to further modify the signal in accordance with the horizontal lobe structure; similarly two sets of apparatus are used if both the transmitter and receiver have multi-lobe patterns. The preset weighting resistors 15, 16, 22, 23, 27 may be replaced by continuously driven contoured potentiometers in order to simulate the effect of rotating the multi - lobe aerial. If it is assumed that a simplified form of channel computer is possible, Fig. 3 (not shown), which uses only sine and cosine potentiometers, the inputs comprising A.C. voltages proportional to R and h and a D.C. voltage proportional to S.