Patent GB-969063-A (GB)
Title: Pyrolidinones, thionpyrolidinones, the production thereof and compositions thereof
IPC: C07D207/08
Filed: 1962-01-12
Abstract: The invention comprises: (a) 1,3,3-trisubstituted -4- (o -substituted alkyl) -2- pyrrolidinones and -thionpyrrolidinones (the letter o denoting substitution in the last position of the chain, or also in the last but one position if the chain contains more than 2 carbon atoms) which have been produced by a process including the step of reacting an a , a -disubstituted -a - (N-substituted -3- pyrrolidyl)-acetic acid with an acylating agent to form an acyloxy derivative (mixed anhydride) of the acid, or with a halogen donating compound under dehydrating conditions to form the acid halide, and then allowing the derivative of the acid so formed to rearrange, or heating it to cause it to rearrange, to form a 1,3,3-trisubstituted -4- (b -substituted alkyl) -2- pyrrolidinone in which the 1-substituent is equivalent to the N-substituent of the starting acid, the 3-substituents are equivalent to the remaining a -substituents of the starting acid, and the substituent in the b -position of the 4-alkyl group is the aforesaid acyloxy group or halogen atom, the 1,3,3-substituents each containing not more than 15 carbon atoms and being noninterfering in the reaction; (b) compounds of the general formula: <FORM:0969063/C1/1> (wherein A represents a lower (i.e. up to 8C) alkyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, or a monocarbocyclic aryl or aralkyl radical optionally bearing one or more substituents not interfering with the reaction set out in (a), R represents a lower alkyl or alkenyl radical, a cycloaklyl radical, a monocarbocyclic aryl or aralkyl radical optionally substituted as aforesaid, or a pyridyl, piperidyl, N-(lower alkyl)-piperidyl, N-(lower alkyl) -pyrrolidyl, thienyl or thenyl radical, R1 represents a lower alkyl or alkenyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical or a monocarbocyclic aryl or aralkyl radical optionally substituted as aforesaid, each R11 represents a hydrogen atom or one represents a methyl group and the others hydrogen atoms, n is 0 or 1, B represents a halogen atom or a hydroxy, mercapto, lower alkylmercapto, lower alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, hydroxybenzoyloxy, nicotinoyloxy, loweralkanoyloxy, cyano, carboxy, carbonyl halide, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carbamyl, lower alkanoyl, N- (lower alkanoyl)-amino, N-(lower alkanoyl) -N- (lower alkyl)-amino, phthalimido or primary, secondary or tertiary amino (including heterocyclic amino) group, and E is oxygen or sulphur and the acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts of the amino compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compound and a carrier or diluent; (c) the preparation of compounds (b) wherein n is 0, E is oxygen and B is a halogen atom, an acyloxy radical or another radical of an anion, from starting materials of the general formula: <FORM:0969063/C1/2> by the process set out in (a), with the proviso that the rearrangement is carried out in the presence of a molar excess of the anion B if this is to be other than halogen or acyloxy; (d) the combination of process (c) with the preparation of the starting acid by hydrolysis of its amide or nitrile; (e) the preparation of compounds (b) wherein B is a cyano, N-(lower alkanoyl)-amino, N-(lower alkanoyl) -N- (lower alkyl)-amino, phthalimido or primary, secondary or tertiary amino group, by reacting a compound in which B is a halogen atom with an alkali metal cyanide, a lower alkanoylamide or N-lower alkyl derivative thereof, an alkali metal phthalimide, ammonia or a primary or secondary amine; and (f) the preparation of compounds (b) wherein E is sulphur, by the action of phosphorus pentasulphide and potassium sulphide in an inert solvent on the corresponding compounds in which E is oxygen but no other substituent is affected by the reaction. The following further processes are also described: (i) lengthening the chain of a 4-alkyl group wherein B is halogen and n is 0; (ii) replacement of a halogen atom B by an alkoxy, phenoxy, acyloxy (hydrolysable to hydroxy), mercapto (which may be subsequently alkylated) or alkylmercapto group by the action of an alkali metal alkoxide, phenoxide, carboxylate or hydrosulphide or an alkyl mercaptan; (iii) replacement of a halogen atom B by hydrogen by reduction with a metal-acid combination (yielding 4-(unsubstituted alkyl)-pyrrolidinones and -thiopyrrolidinones outside the scope of the invention); (iv) hydrolysis of cyano groups B to carboxyl groups, which may be converted to carboxylic halide groups and the latter to carboxylic ester or carbamyl groups, or by a Grignard reaction to acyl groups, or by reduction to -CHO (convertible by a Grignard reaction to -CH(OH.CH3) or to -CH2OH; and (v) N-acylation of primary or secondary amino groups B.  Nitriles and amides of acids of the second general formula above are prepared by reacting a nitrile A-CH2CN with a chloride RCl in the presence of sodamide to form <FORM:0969063/C1/3> condensing the sodium derivative of this with a compound of the general formula: <FORM:0969063/C1/4> and, if desired, partially hydrolysing the resulting nitrile to the corresponding amide.  The pharmaceutical compositions, which have analeptic and/or hypotensive action, or, when containing quaternary ammonium salts, respiratory stimulant and ganglion-blocking activity, may take the form of capsules, tablets, powders, suspensions or syrups for oral administration, or sterile solutions or suspensions for parenteral administration.