baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-202308973-A (TW)
Title: Process for preparing biphenyl-2,2'-diols
Inventor: FRIDAG DIRK
IPC: C07C37/11
Filed: 2022-04-13
Abstract: Process for preparing biphenyl-2,2’-diols.
Patent TW-202301864-A (TW)
Title: Macroscopic refracting lens image sensor
Inventor: PARK EDWIN CHONGWOO
IPC: H04N5/369
Filed: 2022-05-06
Abstract: At least one feature pertains to an image sensor having an array of pixels with a configuration that includes a first pixel type configured to detect red light, a second pixel type configured to detect green light, a third pixel type configured to detect blue light and a fourth pixel type configured to detect green light and an array of lenses overlaying the array of pixels that comprises a first lens type, a second lens type, a third lens type and a fourth lens type where the first lens type is configured to pass red light and refract blue light and green light, the second lens type is configured to pass green light and refract blue light and red light, the third lens type is configured to pass blue light and refract red light and green light, and the fourth lens type is configured to pass green light and refract blue light and red light.
Patent TW-202317975-A (TW)
Title: 晶圓之外觀檢測裝置以及晶圓之外觀檢測方法
Inventor: OSADA TATSUYA
IPC: G01N21/956
Filed: 2022-05-16
Abstract: [議題]提供一種晶圓之外觀檢測裝置以及晶圓之外觀檢測方法，能夠提高帶膜晶圓的品質。
        [解決手段]晶圓的外觀檢測裝置10包含：控制部12，產生晶圓面的複數個整體影像40，基於複數個整體影像40產生平均影像50，基於平均影像50檢測晶圓面的異常；複數個整體影像40包含沿著圓周方向將晶圓面劃分為複數個區域所拍攝的局部影像41~45。
Patent TW-202239313-A (TW)
Title: 在流體處置系統中之靜電放電緩和總成及流體迴路
Inventor: LINDER JAMES C
IPC: H01R13/648
Filed: 2020-09-07
Abstract: 本發明提供靜電放電(ESD)緩和裝置。在一或多項實施例中，該靜電放電(ESD)緩和裝置係用以連接一流體迴路中之兩個或更多個導電管段之一管道連接器，該管道連接器包含一導電連接器本體與兩個或更多個附接部分、兩個或更多個附接配件，且一導電支架經組態以與該連接器本體附接及介接以將該連接器本體電連接至接地。
Patent TW-202331637-A (TW)
Title: 影像處理系統以及處理影像的方法
Inventor: JUAN HUNG-HUI
IPC: G06T1/00
Filed: 2022-06-15
Abstract: 本發明提供一種具可適性模型的影像處理系統。該影像處理系統包含運算裝置，其具有圖形分析環境，其包括對具有原生解析度的第一影像執行分析程序的指令。該分析程序使前述運算裝置執行運作，包括：重新採樣該第一影像以產生第二影像，其中該第二影像經重新採樣解析度，在像素個數方面大於該原生解析度；分別檢測該第一影像和該第二影像中的多個第一區塊和多個第二區塊，其中該等第一區塊和該等第二區塊係依據該第一影像和該第二影像之尺寸，分別由第一可適性模型集合之不同檢測模型所檢測；以及聚合該等第一區塊和該等第二區塊。本發明也提供一種使用可適性模型處理影像的方法。
Patent TW-202318128-A (TW)
Title: 車隊控制方法、裝置、電子設備和儲存媒體
Inventor: HE JIA-WEI
IPC: G05D1/02
Filed: 2022-06-23
Abstract: 本申請提供一種車隊控制方法、裝置、電子設備和儲存媒體。車隊控制方法用於控制機器人車隊，包括：確定機器人車隊中各個機器人的規劃路徑，規劃路徑用於指示機器人前往貨架區域內對應的目標庫位執行任務時的移動路徑；根據各個機器人的規劃路徑，確定每一跟隨機器人的規劃路徑中的跟隨路段，跟隨路段包括位於地面的路段和/或在豎直方向延伸的路段；將跟隨路段發送給對應的跟隨機器人使其在跟隨路段的起點進入跟隨模式並跟隨前車行進到達目標庫位對應的巷道，和/或在跟隨路段的終點結束跟隨模式並到達目標庫位執行取貨或放貨任務。
Patent TW-202321159-A (TW)
Title: Tungstic ACID SOLUTION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, tungsten OXIDE POWDER AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Inventor: MOTONO RYUJI
IPC: C01G41/02
Filed: 2022-07-05
Abstract: The tungstic acid solution of the present invention contains 0.1 to 40.0 mass % of tungsten in terms of WO3, and has a particle size (D50) of 20 nm or less as measured by particle size distribution using a dynamic light scattering method. Furthermore, the method for producing a tungstic acid solution of the present invention comprises: adding an acidic tungsten aqueous solution containing 1 to 100 g/L of tungsten in terms of WO3 to a 10 to 30 mass % of ammonia solution to generate a tungsten-containing precipitate; and making the tungsten-containing precipitate into a slurry to obtain a tungsten-containing precipitate slurry, and adding organic nitrides therein to generate a tungstic acid solution.
Patent TW-202315703-A (TW)
Title: Information processing device, inference device, machine learning device, information processing method, inference method, and machine learning method
Inventor: MURATA SEIJI
IPC: B24B37/005
Filed: 2022-07-15
Abstract: An information processing device (5) comprises: an information acquisition part (500) for acquiring crack generation state information that includes crack state information indicating a crack state at a time when crack has been generated on a substrate and device state information indicating the state of a polishing unit at a time when a substrate treatment process has been performed on the substrate; and a crack generation step identification part (501) for identifying a step that is the cause of the generation of crack on the substrate, by inputting the crack generation state information acquired by the information acquisition part (500) in accordance with the generation of crack on the substrate to a learning model (11) trained by machine learning of correlations each between crack generation state information and crack generation step information indicating a step that is among the steps included in the substrate treatment process and that is a cause of the generation of crack on the substrate.
Patent TW-202314889-A (TW)
Inventor: SAVANDAIAH KIRANKUMAR NEELASANDRA
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2022-07-18
Abstract: 本揭示案大體上提供一種用於在複數個量測站處使用一或更多個量測模組來量測多站處理系統中之一或更多個基板之一或更多個特性的系統及方法。在一個實施例中，系統控制器經配置為使此多站處理系統執行一方法，此方法包括在複數個處理站處理複數個基板，將此些基板中的一或更多者推進到各自的量測站，在此各自的量測站量測此些基板的一或更多個特性，基於此一或更多個特性決定處理效能度量，將此處理效能度量與容差限值進行比較以決定是否已發生超出容差的情況，及當決定已發生超出容差的情況時，調整一或更多個處理參數。
Patent TW-202314153-A (TW)
Inventor: DURIEUX CHRISTOPHE
IPC: F16L37/23
Filed: 2022-07-28
Abstract: 一種用於一流體連接之公元件(10)包括一公主體(12)，該公主體(12)包括：一管狀延伸部(20)；及一冠狀部(22)，其圍繞該管狀延伸部固定且具有通向該冠狀部(22)之一內面(44)及一外面之至少一個徑向凹部。該公元件包括：一一體環(16)，其圍繞該冠狀部安裝；及針對各徑向凹部，一鎖定元件(14)，其可在一內位置與一外位置之間移動，其中向外移動受該環限制。各徑向凹部係由形成該冠狀部之部分且圍繞該徑向凹部之一徑向中心軸線延伸的一內壁(52)定界。該環具有徑向穿過該環之至少一個縱向狹槽，且包括一可彈性變形之端部(112)。該端部之一自由端包括嚙合於凹入於該冠狀部中之一外凹槽中之至少一個內齒。
Patent TW-202311928-A (TW)
Title: Display control system, display control method and computer program product wherein the display control system includes an acquisition means, a display control means and an acceptance means
Inventor: FUJII RENA
IPC: G06F3/0484
Filed: 2022-08-24
Abstract: The invention is to simplify the management of credit card information. An acquisition means (101) of a display control system (S) is to acquire credit card information of each of a plurality of credit cards associated with user identification information. A display control means (102) is configured to display a card screen of the subject card to be displayed based on credit card information of the subject card, which is any one of the plurality of the credit cards. An acceptance means (103) is configured to receive a direction indication operation necessary for indicating a predetermined direction when the card screen is displayed. On the card screen, when a direction instruction operation is accepted, the subject card to be displayed is switched.
Patent TW-202314677-A (TW)
Title: Current mirror circuit and current supply circuit
Inventor: KIM JI-HWAN
IPC: G09G5/10
Filed: 2022-09-06
Abstract: The present disclosure provides a current mirror circuit including a first transistor configured to be supplied with a data current from a data driving circuit; a second transistor configured to drive a light emitting diode by mirroring the data current transferred to the first transistor; a capacitor disposed between the first transistor and the second transistor and configured to store a voltage of a gate terminal of the second transistor therein; and a first switch disposed between the first transistor and the second transistor and configured to adjust an input current of the gate terminal of the second transistor.
Patent TW-202312688-A (TW)
Inventor: CHOU KUAN-HUNG
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2022-09-12
Abstract: A method for wireless communications, comprising: receiving a sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration from a base station at a user equipment (UE), the UE having N antenna groups, N being an integer greater than two, the SRS configuration indicating N SRS resources for the N antenna groups, respectively, the N SRS resources each being associated with an SRS resource indicator (SRI); performing SRS transmission using the N SRS resources from the N antenna groups, respectively; receiving a downlink control information (DCI) from the base station, the DCI corresponding to a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the DCI indicating two SRIs associated with two of the N SRS resources, the DCI indicating two transmission precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs); and transmitting the PUSCH using two antenna groups of the N antenna groups corresponding to the two SRIs indicated in the DCI and two precoders corresponding to the two TPMIs indicated in the DCI.
Patent TW-202326438-A (TW)
Inventor: BOENAPALLI MADHU YASHWANTH
IPC: G06F12/0802
Filed: 2022-10-06
Abstract: Systems and methods for fast memory access are disclosed. In one aspect, a processor such as, for example, a control circuit in a system on a chip (SoC) that couples to an external memory such as, for example a Universal File System (UFS) memory (e.g., a NAND flash memory) with a partial logical to physical (L2P) mapping table stored in the external memory as well as a local L2P mapping table stored in a local memory (e.g., dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)). The control circuit may evaluate what percentage of entries in the local L2P mapping table are active compared to inactive. If the number of inactive exceeds the number of active, the control circuit may send a read command without accessing the local L2P mapping table.
Patent TW-202328283-A (TW)
Title: Method of producing polyethernitrile
Inventor: HASHIKAWA AKIHIRO
IPC: C08G65/40
Filed: 2022-11-10
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing polyethernitrile that has high heat resistance or excellent mechanical properties and has a high molecular weight and high fluidity. 
 
     As a solution to such object, the present invention provides a method of producing polyethernitrile, wherein an aromatic dihydroxy compound (I) and a dihalobenzonitrile compound (II) are brought into polycondensation reaction to produce polyethernitrile, and after the polymer reduced viscosity of the parachlorophenol solution at 40℃ exceeds 1 and reaches the maximum along with the development of the 
polycondensation, the polycondensation reaction continues until reaching the region where the polymer reduced viscosity decreases.
Patent TW-202328622-A (TW)
Title: Vapor chamber and electronic device
Inventor: TAKAHASHI SHINICHIRO
IPC: F28D15/04
Filed: 2022-12-06
Abstract: This vapor chamber comprises a body sheet and a first sheet laminated onto the body sheet. The body sheet includes: a vapor flow passage section through which vapor of a working fluid passes; and a liquid flow passage section which communicates with the vapor flow passage section and through which a liquid of the working fluid passes. The vapor flow passage section includes a vapor channel extending in a first direction. The first sheet includes: a first sheet inner surface facing the body sheet; and a first sheet groove provided in the first sheet inner surface, the first sheet groove being provided at a position that overlaps the vapor channel in a plan view, and extending in a direction that intersects the first direction.
Patent TW-202336917-A (TW)
Inventor: SUNOHARA MASAHIRO
IPC: H01L21/683
Filed: 2023-01-19
Abstract: 一種基板固定裝置，其包括：基底板，其具有在基底板之厚度方向上穿透通過基底板的第一貫穿孔；陶瓷板，其黏附至基底板，具有嵌入於陶瓷板中的電極及經形成為與第一貫穿孔連通的第二貫穿孔，且經組構以藉由當向電極施加電壓時所產生之靜電力來吸附吸附標的物件；設置於第一貫穿孔連接至第二貫穿孔之連接部分處的絕緣塞；及附接至絕緣塞並經組構以密封連接部分之周邊的密封部件。
Patent UA-42930-A (UA)
Title: Rylov's and co differential gaslift unit
Inventor: RYLOV BORYS MYKHAILOVYCH
Filed: 2000-01-18
Abstract: This invention relates to oil-producing industry. A differential gaslift installation has a lifting pipe placed in operation string with operation openings, a gas discharge duct and exhaust. In the lift pipe gas-supply pipe is additionally placed, with its fixation of the lifting pipe in such way that in the place of fixation on the lifting pipe it is hydraulically connected to the annular space of the well, and its bottom – to the cavity of the lift pipe, operation openings on the lift pipe are arranged over the place of fixation of gas-supply pipe onl6y, and on the gas-supply pipe operation openings are provided.
Patent UA-41707-A (UA)
Title: Опалювач
Inventor: MAKUTONIN YURII MYKHAILOVYCH
Filed: 2001-02-05
Abstract: Винахід відноситься до теплотехніки і може бути використаний в опалювачах з теплоносієм водою або повітрям. Мета винаходу - вдосконалення конструкції опалювача за рахунок розширення сфери його пристосування. Опалювач має топку 1, местановлений над нею теплообмінник 2 з газозбірником 3, вихідний патрубок 4 з косим зрізом 5, дефлектор 6, автоматику безпеки 7, пальник 8.
Patent UA-41758-A (UA)
Title: Спосіб укорінення зимових живців сортової шовковиці
Inventor: HOLOVKO VALERII OLEKSIIOVYCH
Filed: 2001-03-16
Abstract: Спосіб полягає в тому, що для обробки зимових живців сортової шовковиці в якості стимулятора застосовують спиртовий розчин Бета-індолілмасляної кислоти. Використання цього способу дає збільшення відсотка укорінених живців і значне зменшення експозиції обробки живців стимулятором.
Patent UA-40511-A (UA)
Title: Протипухлинний засіб - калієва сіль 8-бромтеофіліну (бротеофін)
Inventor: SHARYKINA NADIIA IVANIVNA
Filed: 2001-04-10
Abstract: Реферат. Калієва сіль 8 - бромтеофіліну (бротеофін), яка проявляє протипухлинні властивості.
Patent UA-49638-A (UA)
Title: Device for optimization of diagnostic tests
Inventor: Dotsenko Nataliya Volodymyrivna
Filed: 2002-01-14
Abstract: The proposed device for optimization of diagnostic tests contains information inputs, a binary counter, an AND logic element, two NOT logic elements, a comparator, control inputs, a trigger, a unit for result output, and a start circuit. Additionally, the device contains a multiplexer, a unit for forming state setting signals, an analyzer, a signal generator, and additional control inputs. The binary counter outputs are connected to the address inputs of the multiplexer and the second inputs of the comparator. The device information inputs are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the multiplexer. The multiplexer outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit for forming state setting signals. The outputs of the unit for forming state setting signals are connected to the analyzer inputs. The additional control inputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the unit for forming state setting signals. The analyzer output is connected to the one of the AND logic element input. The comparator output is connected to the NOT logic element input.
Patent UA-52240-A (UA)
Title: Device for treating prosthetic constructions
Filed: 2002-03-25
Abstract: The device for treating the prosthetic constructions consists of the vat with the cover, the holder of the prosthetic constructions designed as the metallic grid, and the fixing clamp. The holder of the prosthetic constructions is fixed at the center of the cylindrical vat at the horizontal plane. The bottom of the vat has the openings. The cover is made from the transparent material and contains the central opening.
Patent UA-54821-A (UA)
Title: Stand for testing teeth gears of tractor central transmissions
Inventor: HAVRYLIUK YURII ROMANOVYCH
Filed: 2002-04-19
Abstract: The proposed stand for testing teeth gears of tractor central transmissions contains a frame and brackets. The transmission shaft with the tested tooth gear is installed in the stand brackets, in support bearings that correspond to the bearings used in the tractor.
Patent UA-53559-A (UA)
Title: Method of reduction of residual stresses in welded connections
Inventor: SOKYRKO VOLODYMYR ARSENTIIOVYCH
Filed: 2002-07-18
Abstract: Method of reduction of residual forces in welded connections of large metal constructions includes electrophysical processing of areas with increased residual stresses. A package of character variable pulses of electrical current is passed through area with increased residual stresses.
Patent UA-58031-A (UA)
Title: Method of cultivating lactic acid bacteria on the trophic mixtures "gpp" and "lactis" (variants)
Filed: 2002-07-31
Abstract: A method of cultivating lactic acid bacteria on the trophic mixture “GPP” according to the first variant includes loading nutrient medium compounds into a container, mixing thereof, inoculating the nutrient medium by transplanting a culture of lactic acid bacteria, mixing the inoculant and the nutrient medium, unloading the inoculated nutrient medium in a package, thermostatting, adding a protective medium and protecting the siloing starter with the protective medium. The base of the nutrient medium is wheat bran (42-50 weight %) with a moisture content of 15-16 %, which is loaded in a mixer, then water is added (up to 100 weight %), the inoculated mixture is thermostatted at a temperature of 30-36 ˚С for 95-100 hours. In doing so, as the protective storing medium, carbon dioxide is used, which is evolved at the sublimation of artificial ice, pieces of which are added to the storing container. A method of cultivating lactic acid bacteria on the trophic mixture «LACTIS» according to the second variant is as follows: in the nutrient medium, which is based on wheat bran, sugar, chalk, sodium acetate, manganese sulfate and water are supplemented. First, the sugar, water and mineral compounds of the nutrient medium are mixed in a mixer, then an inoculant is added and all the compounds are mixed and then the wheat bran are poured, the nutrient medium obtained is mixed, whereupon the mixture obtained is thermostatted. In doing so, as the protective medium for storing the bioconserving agent, carbon dioxide is used, which is evolved at the reaction of interacting the lactic acid, which is created as a product of vital functions of a lactic acid streptococcus, with the chalk.
Patent UA-60216-A (UA)
Title: Method for determining hardness of layers of metal deposited by welding on a cylindrical workpiece
Inventor: Kuz'mich Yaroslav Anatoliiovych
Filed: 2003-03-25
Abstract: The proposed method for determining hardness of layers of metal deposited by welding on a cylindrical workpiece consists in preparing a sample for carrying out the measurements, in turn cutting away the metal layers, fixing the sample in the clamp unit of a hardness meter, and carrying out the measurements.
Patent DO-P2021000092-A (DO)
Title: Moduladores de la expresión de foxp3
Inventor: SUSAN M FREIER
IPC: C12N15/113
Filed: 2021-05-12
Abstract: Las presentes realizaciones proporcionan métodos, compuestos y composiciones útiles para inhibir la expresión de FOXP3, lo que puede ser útil para tratar, prevenir o mejorar el cáncer. Determinadas realizaciones proporcionadas en el presente documento se refieren a compuestos y composiciones potentes y tolerables útiles para inhibir la expresión de FOXP3, que pueden ser útiles para tratar, prevenir, mejorar o frenar la progresión del cáncer. En algunas realizaciones, el cáncer se asocia con un microambiente o estroma inmunosupresor.
Patent EC-SP10010633-A (EC)
Title: Inhibidores cíclicos de 11beta-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa 1
Inventor: HIMMELSBACH FRANK
IPC: A61K31/5355
Filed: 2010-11-24
Abstract: Esta invención se refiere a nuevos compuestos de la Fórmula Ik, Im1, Im2, Im5, In1, In2, In5, Io1, Io2, Io5, Ip1, Ip3, a sales farmacéuticamente aceptables de los mismos y a composiciones farmacéuticas de los mismos, que son útiles para el tratamiento terapéutico de enfermedades asociadas con la modulación o inhibición de 11 -HSD1 en mamíferos. La invención también se refiere a composiciones farmacéuticas de los nuevos compuestos y métodos para su uso en la reducción o control de la producción de cortisol en una célula o la inhibición de la conversión de cortisona en cortisol en una célula.
Patent EC-SP12012141-A (EC)
Title: Método para la recuperación de metales a partir de residuos de la refinería
Inventor: GRIMLEY MATTHEW STEPHEN
IPC: C22B7/00
Filed: 2012-09-04
Abstract: Un método para recuperar vanadio, níquel y molibdeno a partir de residuos de la refinería de aceite bruto pesado comprende la pirólisis y combustión de los residuos a temperaturas de hasta 900ºC para producir una ceniza, convertir la ceniza en una suspensión acuosa, y extraer de la suspensión sales y óxidos de vanadio, níquel y molibdeno. Se describen procesos de extracción para los metales
Patent EC-SP14013226-A (EC)
Title: Método y sistema para localizar un dispositivo móvil y utilizar los datos de localización en servicios de contenido.
Inventor: CANSINO DON E
IPC: H04W12/08
Filed: 2014-02-28
Abstract: Un sistema y método para controlar un dispositivo móvil en una cabecera de red que incluye un dispositivo móvil que comunica una solicitud de contenido a la cabecera de red. La cabecera de red solicita datos de coordenadas geográficas de la localización del dispositivo móvil y, cuando están disponibles los datos de coordenadas geográficas, determina una primera región geográfica asociada con el dispositivo móvil en respuesta a los datos de localización por coordenadas geográficas. Cuando no están disponibles los datos de coordenadas geográficas del dispositivo móvil, la cabecera de red extrae una dirección IP de la solicitud y determina una segunda región geográfica en base a la dirección IP y un nivel de confianza. Cuando el nivel de confianza está por debajo de un umbral, la cabecera de red determina una tercera región geográfica en base a los datos de abonado del dispositivo móvil. La cabecera de red controla el dispositivo móvil en respuesta a una de la primera región geográfica, la segunda región geográfica y la tercera región geográfica.
Patent GB-189704616-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the Treating and Compounding of Beverages.
Inventor: WATSON JOHN
Filed: 1897-02-20
Granted: 1897-12-24
Abstract: 4616. Watson, J. Feb. 20. AÙrated beverages; spirits.-Spirits and other beverages are mixed with water and other liquids, and the mixtures are aÙrated with carbonic acid and bottled for sale.
Patent GB-189708430-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Bottle Stoppers.
Inventor: MEYER CARL
Filed: 1897-04-02
Granted: 1897-05-08
Abstract: 8430. Meyer, C. April 2. Corks, retaining and withdrawing; stoppers.-A withdrawing-attachment, comprising two curved jaws c, c', which embrace the top of the cork and are furnished with bent arms d, d<1>, is affixed to the top of the ordinary cork a, as shown, the arms being pivotally connected and hooked together at the top to form a finger loop C, by which the cork may be withdrawn when the fastening l, m is released. The cork is retained in the bottle by the ordinary bail and lever fastening l, m, the bail l being passed through holes k in the arms d, d<1>. The jaws c, c' are furnished with spikes p, to prevent slipping when withdrawing the cork.
Patent GB-189708685-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Inkstands.
Inventor: MARLITT GEORGE CHARLES
Filed: 1897-04-05
Granted: 1898-03-05
Abstract: 8685. Marlitt, G. C. April 5. Inkstands.-Fig. 2 shows a sectional side view. The ink reservoir 13 is covered with a removable hemispherical elastic cap 17. When pressure isput upon the plate 25, the side plates 21 and crosspiece 22 are depressed, pushing in the cap 17 and forcing the ink to flow into the dipping-well 12 through the channel 14. The retaining-ring 19 and cap 17 are removed when the inkstand is to be filled.
Patent GB-189711428-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Gas Lamps.
Inventor: THOMAS THOMAS COOPER JOHN
Filed: 1897-05-07
Granted: 1897-06-12
Abstract: 11,428. Thomas, T. C. J., and Still, W. M. May 7. Railway-carriage roof and like lamps.-Relates to lamps of the type described in Specifications Nos. 435 and 22,726, A.D. 1895. When the air supply enters between the head 7 and the body 7*, a baffle 12 is combined with an unperforated partition plate to deflect and break up the air before it passes through the hollow reflector 5 to the flames. Modifications are described in which the depending baffle 12 is dispensed with, dished or other baffles being then arranged in proximity to the plate 9 and the reflector 5.