baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20150035952-A (KR)
IPC: A45C11/00
Filed: 2015-03-16
Abstract: In a layout billiard game, a player needs to use an individual billiard ball. Therefore, a player needs a bag or the like for storing and transferring a billiard ball. The present invention is to solve the problem.
Patent KR-20150109285-A (KR)
Inventor: RAMEAU JEAN FRANCOIS
IPC: G06F17/50
Filed: 2015-03-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making a computer to design industrial products. Constraints between geometrical structures of the industrial products are modelled by a graph of constraints having nodes and edges. The nodes express the geometrical structures and the edges express constraints between two geometrical structures. The method for making a computer to design industrial products comprises the following steps of: selecting at least one geometrical structure of a product; operating a depth value of each node of a graph from a node which expresses at least one selected geometrical structure; identifying counterpart constraints in the graph; identifying that a depth value of a start node is higher than a depth value of an end node wherein the counterpart constraints are expressed by an oriented edge; inverting the identified counterpart constraints; and modifying at least one selected geometrical structure.
Patent KR-20160114456-A (KR)
Title: Curtain airbag for vehicle
Inventor: GWON TAE IK
IPC: B60R21/232
Filed: 2015-03-24
Abstract: A curtain airbag device is disclosed. The device comprises: a series of main chambers formed to evenly cover an inner structure of a vehicle when the device is expanded; and a head receiving area formed to be recessed from a front side of the vehicle to be tilted upward in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle to receive a head of a passenger when the head of the passenger comes in contact with an airbag of a drivess seat to be slid toward the front side and a lateral side of the vehicle while the airbag of the drivers seat of the vehicle is expanded. The head receiving area comes in contact with the airbag of the drivers seat to be slid toward the front side and the lateral side of the vehicle to have a shape corresponding to a head shape of the passenger coming in contact with the head receiving area.
Patent KR-20150114422-A (KR)
Inventor: MIN BYOUNG HYUN
IPC: A61K9/70
Filed: 2015-03-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing adhesion, containing a surface-modified chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix membrane as an active ingredient. It is observed that efficiency of adhesion of fibrocytes to a chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix material in vitro is low and an excellent adhesion prevention effect is exhibited in a subcutaneous adhesion animal model using a mouse and in an intestinal adhesion model using a rat. In addition, it was ascertained that the adhesion prevention effect remarkably increases when the surface charge of the present material is modified to be neutral by using poly-L-lysine (PLL), and thus the chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix material can be applied as an adhesion barrier with excellent in vivo stability and an adhesion prevention effect.
Patent KR-20160116819-A (KR)
Title: Composition of animal feed additive comprising pozzolan and use thereof
Inventor: GUAN HAO LI
IPC: A23K1/175
Filed: 2015-03-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for adding a livestock feed, comprising pozzolan. More specifically, provided is novel uses of a composition for adding a livestock feed, which comprises pozzolan for a feed of the livestock significantly suitable for removing an offensive odor as an active ingredient. The novel uses of the composition for adding a livestock feed have excellent antimicrobial effects, which can replace the conventional antibiotics, and can enhance the immune function.
Patent KR-20150137999-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for baud-rate timing recovery
Inventor: IYER SITARAMAN V
IPC: H04L7/00
Filed: 2015-04-27
Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus comprising a determination feedback equalizer (DFE), and a phase detector connected to the DFE, wherein the phase detector sets for a sampling phase based on a first post-cursor value of a composite pulse response, which is substantially the same as zero, when the phase detector makes the value of a current bit different from the value of a next bit to collect data bits having the current bit and the next bit.
Patent KR-20160129313-A (KR)
Inventor: NAM IN SEOP
IPC: A47H13/14
Filed: 2015-04-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 커튼의 미려함을 위한 주름 형성이 가능한 커튼 레일장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 커튼이 커튼레일에 안정적으로 연결될 수 있도록 하는 동시에 탈착이 용이하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하여 분리에 따른 세탁이 원활하게 이루어질 수 있도록 하는 한편, 그 커튼의 상부에 자연스러운 주름이 형성될 수 있도록 하여 디자인적 미려함이 부각될 수 있도록 하기 위한 커튼의 미려함을 위한 주름 형성이 가능한 커튼 레일장치에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20160130912-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUNG YUNG BIN
IPC: G02F1/1362
Filed: 2015-05-04
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device which includes: a silicon nitride-based first protective film disposed on a thin film transistor; a silicon nitride-based second protective film disposed on the first protective film; and a silicon nitride-based third protective film disposed on the second protective film. The first protective film has a higher silicon content ratio than the second protective film, and the second protective film has a higher silicon content ratio than the third protective film.
Patent KR-20160135464-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK SEUNG HEE
IPC: D21H19/54
Filed: 2015-05-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of environmentally-friendly paper, which enables double coating with environmentally-friendly materials by regenerating pulp. The method comprises: a regenerated pulp processing step of regenerating pulp; a paper manufacturing step of concentrating the regenerated pulp, processed through the regenerated pulp processing step, and making the same into paper; and a coating step of performing double coating by coating a polymer onto the paper, prepared in the paper manufacturing step, and then coating a silicon solution again.
Patent KR-20160135618-A (KR)
Inventor: KO JE SHIK
IPC: G05B19/401
Filed: 2015-05-18
Abstract: 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따르는 다면체로 형성된 지그 조립체의 각 면에, 가공물들이 각각 결합되는 카트리지들이 각 면에 복수로 탈착가능하게 결합되고, 복수의 가공물들을 수평위치이동 또는 회전이동에 의해 동일한 공구에 의하여 가공한 후 상기 가공물들의 가공오차를 판단하는 방법은, 상기 가공물들이 결합된 채로, 카트리지들 중 처음 가공한 최초 카트리지와 마지막에 가공한 최후 카트리지를 상기 지그 조립체로부터 분리하여 오차측정장치에 배치하는 배치단계; 및 상기 오차측정장치를 이용하여 상기 최초 카트리지와 최후 카트리지의 가공물들의 오차를 측정한 후 각 측정값이 오차범위 이내이면, 상기 최초 내지 최후 카트리지들의 가공오차를 정상으로 판단하고, 상기 제1 카트리지의 가공물이 오차범위 이외인 경우, 상기 최초 내지 최후 카트리지들의 가공물들을 재가공 대상으로 판단하는 판단단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20160136725-A (KR)
Title: Starting torque control system and method for hybrid electric vehicle
Inventor: KIM JIN HO
IPC: B60W10/26
Filed: 2015-05-20
Abstract: Disclosed are a system of controlling starting torque of a hybrid vehicle capable of improving fuel efficiency, and a method thereof. The system of controlling starting torque of a hybrid vehicle comprises: an operation information detecting unit detecting information on a vehicle operation of a driver and an engine temperature; a hybrid starter generator (HSG) operating an engine by generating starting torque according to an applied control signal; and a hybrid controller applying the driving torque of the HSG for an operation point of the engine temperature to the HSG based on an HSG torque curve for each the stored engine temperatures.
Patent KR-20160142721-A (KR)
Inventor: GU MIN JI
IPC: H01M10/052
Filed: 2015-06-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to an additive for a secondary battery comprising a compound represented by chemical formula 1 and a fluoroethylene carbonate compound, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a secondary battery comprising the same. According to the present invention, gas generation amount is significantly reduced and the rate of increase in the thickness of a pouch-type battery can be reduced.
Patent KR-20160143930-A (KR)
Inventor: JI SEONG WOOK
IPC: F16H3/66
Filed: 2015-06-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle transmission capable of improving the fuel economy by multistage and improving the quiet running of a vehicle by using an operating point of a low engine RPM zone. To this end, the vehicle transmission comprises: a first planetary gear set including a first rotary element connected to a second rotary element of a third planetary gear set while being operated with an optional fixed element, a second rotary element selectively connected to a first rotary element of a second planetary gear set, selectively connected to a third rotary element of the second planetary gear set, and selectively connected to a third rotary element of the third planetary gear set, and a third rotary element connected to a second rotary element of the second planetary gear set; the second planetary gear set including a first rotary element operated with an optimal fixed element, a second rotary element connected to an input shaft, and a third rotary element connected to a first rotary element of the third planetary gear set; the third planetary gear set including a first rotary element connected to a first rotary element of a fourth planetary gear set, and a second rotary element connected to a third rotary element of the fourth planetary gear set; the fourth planetary gear set including the second rotary element connected to an output shaft; and a plurality of friction elements connected to at least one of the first to fourth rotary elements constituting the first to fourth planetary gear sets to control the rotation of the first to fourth rotary elements.
Patent KR-20160144716-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for drying bath slippers with magnet
Inventor: SUNG SEUNG HAN
IPC: A47L23/20
Filed: 2015-06-09
Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for drying a bath slipper using a magnet. The apparatus for drying a bath slipper includes a slipper including a first magnet formed in a first area and a second magnet formed in a second area, and a pad having at least one pad magnet having the same polarity as a lateral surface direction. The first magnet and the second magnet have different polarities. The slipper has a predetermined angle by an attractive force or a repulsive force between the first magnet and the second magnet formed on the slipper and the at least one pad magnet formed on the pad. The slipper is mounted with an inclined state on the pad. The wet slipper can be easily dried.
Patent KR-20160144808-A (KR)
Title: Pressure Vessel for Growing Single Crystal with New Sealing Structure
Inventor: SHIM JANG BO
IPC: C30B7/10
Filed: 2015-06-09
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel for growing a single crystal, capable of maintaining airtight without using a gasket subject to the high temperature and high pressure, and more specifically, to a pressure vessel for growing a single crystal, which includes: a pressure vessel body having an opening and formed of heat resisting alloy; a liner inserted inside the opening of the pressure vessel body and formed of a corrosion resisting material; a pressure vessel head provided at an upper part of the pressure vessel body; and a union provided at a central part of the pressure vessel head, in which the liner and the union make airtight and close contact to each other to maintain the sealing of the pressure vessel. In addition, according to the present invention, pressure-reactive vessel does not use a noble metal gasket, thus costs for maintenance are reduced and the pressure of a reactor is stably maintained even though the temperature and the pressure are changed.
Patent KR-20160146408-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK BOO HONG
IPC: A61C17/02
Filed: 2015-06-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to a tooth cleaner. An injection nozzle for spraying water by a finishing cap is coupled to an upper end of a body divided into two parts and coupled to upper and lower ends by tightening a finishing cap. A seat portion on which a tube to be coupled to the spray nozzle coupled to the upper end is seated is formed inside the body. A protruding surface is formed at one side of the seat portion, and a water pressure control link mounted movably in a guide groove is mounted on a portion where the protruding surface is formed. Therefore, as the hydraulic pressure control link moves and the tube body located on the protruding surface is pressurized, locking and adjustment of the strength of water pressure are instantly and simultaneously performed while using the tooth cleaner, thereby facilitating the removal of foreign objects, tartar and bacteria, as well as gum massage and easily maintaining dental health by allowing people having weak teeth and gums to easily use the tooth cleaner according to the adjustment of spray intensity of cleansing water. In addition, while the hydraulic pressure control link is moved to regulate the hydraulic pressure, protrusions are formed at intervals in the guide groove to prevent movement. Concave/convex portions in which wavy patterns are continuous are formed on the surface of the body to form the assembly line of the body which is divided into two parts and is combined with each other, on the curved inner surface of the concave/convex portion so as not to be exposed to the outside, thereby improving appearance design.
Patent KR-20160099446-A (KR)
Title: Charging method for mobile termial
Inventor: CHOI HYUNG RAK
IPC: A45C15/00
Filed: 2015-06-15
Abstract: A method of charging a mobile terminal is disclosed. The method of charging a mobile terminal may comprise the steps of: detecting whether the mobile terminal comes in contact with a charge module; pairing the mobile terminal with the charge module; charging the mobile terminal by receiving power from the power supply module if wireless or wired contact between the mobile terminal and the charge module is detected; outputting a notification through a display unit of the charge module if data or a call is received by the mobile terminal; registering at least one beacon attached to at least one article; and displaying an icon corresponding to the at least one beacon. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to charge a mobile terminal by simply placing the mobile terminal inside a bag and to recognize articles without looking into the bag.
Patent KR-20160149023-A (KR)
Title: 마스크를 이용한 위치추적방법 및 시스템
Inventor: KIM CHOONG BEUM
IPC: G08B25/01
Filed: 2015-06-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 위치추적방법 및 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 특히 전력소모의 절감과 효과적인 위치정보 파악이 가능하도록 마스크가 와이파이(Wi-Fi), 비콘(Beacon) 및 GPS 중 적어도 하나를 이용한 통신을 통해 관리서버로 통신신호를 소정의 시간간격으로 전송하고, 상기 관리서버가 전송받은 통신신호를 기반으로 마스크를 착용한 사용자의 위치정보를 파악하고 저장하여 마스크를 착용한 사용자의 위치추적이 가능한 것을 특징으로 하는 마스크를 이용한 위치추적방법 및 시스템에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20170000049-A (KR)
Title: Driving mechanism of vaccum circuit breaker
Inventor: AHN LL CHUL
IPC: H01H33/666
Filed: 2015-06-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving unit of a vacuum circuit breaker, capable of moving a movable contact point provided in the vacuum circuit breaker to realize a closing operation and an opening operation of the vacuum circuit breaker. The driving unit of a vacuum circuit breaker according to the present invention which is configured to be electrically connected or disconnected to a fixed contact point by reciprocating a movable contact point, comprises: an insulation rod, one end of which is coupled to the movable contact point; a driving cylinder which is disposed at the other end of the insulation rod, and reciprocates in an axial direction of the insulation rod; a piston which is provided at the other end of the insulation rod such that behavior thereof coincides with that of the insulation, is accommodated in the driving cylinder to be slid in the axial direction of the insulation rod, and transfers movement force of the driving cylinder to the insulation rod; a contact pressure spring, one end of which is supported by the insulation rod and the other end is supported by the driving cylinder; and an attenuator which is provided in the driving cylinder, and applies attenuation force to the piston to attenuate vibration of the contact pressure spring.
Patent KR-20160001697-A (KR)
Inventor: WAN ZHIMIN
IPC: H01L21/265
Filed: 2015-06-26
Abstract: Provided is an ion injecting method. First, a non-parallel ion beam is provided. Then, relative movement between an object and a non-parallel ion beam is generated so that ions are able to be consecutively injected into each area of the object by different parts of the non-parallel ion beam. Especially, when at least one three-dimensional structure is placed on the upper surface of the object, the ions are able to be properly injected into both the upper surface and side of the three-dimensional structure by the non-parallel ion beam if the object goes across the non-parallel ion beam only once. At this point, the non-parallel ion beam is able to be a releasing ion beam or collection ion beam (both are able to be treated as an integrated releasing beam), or is able to be directly generated from an ion source or transformed from a parallel ion beam, a releasing ion beam, or collection ion beam.
Patent KR-20160012073-A (KR)
Title: 패키지 기판의 가공 방법
Inventor: AIKAWA CHIKARA
IPC: H01L23/00
Filed: 2015-07-02
Abstract: 패키지 디바이스의 품질을 저하시키는 일없이 패키지 기판을 개개의 패키지 디바이스로 분할할 수 있는 패키지 기판의 가공 방법을 제공한다. 
열 확산 기판의 표면에 격자형으로 형성된 분할 예정 라인에 의해 구획된 복수의 영역에 각각 디바이스가 배치되며, 상기 복수의 디바이스를 수지에 의해 피복한 패키지 기판을 분할 예정 라인을 따라 개개의 패키지 디바이스로 분할하는 패키지 기판의 가공 방법으로서, 패키지 기판의 분할 예정 라인을 따라 펄스 레이저 광선을 조사하여, 복수의 디바이스를 피복한 수지를 분할 예정 라인을 따라 제거함으로써 열 확산 기판의 표면을 분할 예정 라인을 따라 노출시키는 수지 제거 공정과, 수지 제거 공정이 실시된 패키지 기판을 분할 예정 라인을 따라 분할함으로써 개개의 패키지 디바이스를 생성하는 패키지 디바이스 생성 공정을 포함하고, 수지 제거 공정에 있어서 조사하는 펄스 레이저 광선은, CO 2  레이저이며, 펄스 폭이 수 ㎲ 이하로 설정되어 있다.
Patent KR-20170014907-A (KR)
Title: Scene detecting method and apparatus
Inventor: AHN KI OK
IPC: G06F3/01
Filed: 2015-07-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus generates a histogram of a code generated on the basis of a local direction pattern for each frame. The apparatus detects a scene change based on a distance between the histograms.
Patent KR-20170024983-A (KR)
Inventor: SIM GYU HYEON
IPC: F21V14/02
Filed: 2015-08-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a light therapy lamp which includes polychrome light emitting diodes like blue, red, green colors or etc. in the lamp. The main purpose of the light therapy lamp is to reverse a mood and treat seasonal depression by forming artificial sunlight with a type to rotate the whole light emitting units and emitting the artificial sunlight.
Patent KR-20170026740-A (KR)
Inventor: HAN GI DONG
IPC: C12H1/22
Filed: 2015-08-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing dried grape wine, and to dessert dried grape wine produced through the method. The method comprises: a first step of producing dried grapes by drying grapes washed by water through circulating air; a second step of producing a grape crushed material by crushing the dried grapes; a third step of producing a dried grape extract extracted by adding water in the grape crushed material; a fourth step of adding an oxidation preventing agent in the dried grape extract and stabilizing the same; a fifth step of inoculating a fermentation strain in the stabilized grape extract and fermenting the same; a sixth step of filtering the firstly fermented grape extract, and fermenting a filtered material; a seventh step of separating (lacking) precipitates of the fermented grape filtered material; and an eighth step of aging the grape filtered material from which precipitates are separated. The dried grape wine according to the present invention has a low methanol content, has excellent fragrances, satisfies consumer preference, and has reduced production costs compared to a conventional freezing and drying scheme. Accordingly, the wine of the present invention can be provided as good quality dessert wine at reasonable prices to consumers.
Patent KR-20170028002-A (KR)
Title: Working machine
Inventor: KIM WOO HA
IPC: F01P7/16
Filed: 2015-09-03
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a working machine comprises: a cooling fan provided in a cooling body having an inlet which air flows into and is discharged from, and changing a speed of air flow; a filter unit opposite to the cooling fan in the cooling body, and provided to be adjacent to the inlet; a detection unit provided in the cooling body to detect a change in a state; and a control unit stopping operation of the cooling fan or reversely rotating the cooling fan in accordance with a change in the cooling body detected in the detection unit.
Patent KR-20170028085-A (KR)
Title: Touch panel and image display device comprising the same
Inventor: CHOI BYUNG JIN
IPC: H01L27/32
Filed: 2015-09-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a touch panel, and more particularly, to a touch panel capable of preventing a visibility degradation problem due to the exposure of a conductive pad part even though the width of a non-display region (bezel part) is reduced, by reducing the visibility of the conductive pad part which exists in a display region, by exposing the conductive pad part in the display region and including the conductive pad part on which a plurality of holes are formed in at least a partial region including the exposed part, and an image display device including the same.
Patent KR-20170029851-A (KR)
Title: 사용자 단말기 기반 공동여행계획 제공을 위한 시스템
Inventor: KIM TAE YEON
IPC: G06Q10/10
Filed: 2015-09-08
Abstract: 본 발명은 사용자 단말기 기반 공동여행계획 제공을 위한 시스템에 관한 것으로써, 보다 상세하게는 사용자 단말기를 통해서 여행계획을 같이 공유할 친구를 등록한 후 사용자 단말기에서 보여지는 지도에서 날짜별로 여행경로를 추가, 삭제 및 수정되면, 사용자 단말기에 등록된 여행계획을 같이 공유할 친구의 사용자 단말기에 추가, 삭제 및 수정된 여행정보 및 여행일정을 포함하는 여행계획을 실시간으로 공유하기 위한 사용자 단말기 기반 공동여행계획 제공을 위한 시스템에 관한 것이다. 
본 발명은 여행 장소명, 교통정보, 숙식정보, 장소의 특징정보 및 기타정보를 포함하는 여행정보를 저장하고, 사용자 단말기로 여행정보를 전송하는 데이터베이스 서버; 사용자 단말기에서 여행정보 및 여행일정을 포함하는 여행계획이 추가, 삭제 또는 수정된 내용을 실시간으로 전송받는 푸쉬서버; 여행정보 및 여행일정을 포함하는 여행계획 및 여행계획을 같이 공유할 친구를 설정하고, 실시간으로 상기 푸쉬서버에 유무선통신망을 통하여 여행계획을 송신하고, 여행계획을 같이 공유할 친구의 사용자 단말기와 여행계획을 실시간으로 공유하는 사용자 단말기; 및 상기 사용자 단말기를 통해 아이디와 비밀번호가 입력되면 인증여부를 확인하고, 상기 데이터베이스 서버 및 푸쉬서버에 접속할 수 있도록 하는 인증서버;를 포함하되, 상기 푸쉬서버는 같이 공유할 친구의 사용자 단말기로 여행계획이 추가, 삭제 또는 수정되면 실시간 송수신하는 것을 특징으로 하는 사용자 단말기 기반 공동여행계획 제공을 위한 시스템을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20170033047-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM DONG WOON
IPC: C07D277/24
Filed: 2015-09-16
Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing ethyl-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate, used as an intermediate for manufacturing Febuxostat, an arthrifuge, in an efficient and economical manner and environmentally friendly conditions. The method comprises the following steps: (i) reacting ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate and ammonium dithiocarbamate and obtaining ethyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate; and (ii) desulfurizing ethyl-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate.
Patent KR-20170035299-A (KR)
Title: A conclusion structure for free angle adjustment type pipe connector
Inventor: KIM YUN KI
IPC: F16L27/08
Filed: 2015-09-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pipe connector coupling structure capable of free angle adjustment. By using the pressing reaction of the screw coupling of a first connector and a second connector, the pipe connector coupling structure can adjust the connection angle more precisely, quickly, and easily. According to the present invention, the pipe connector coupling structure includes: the first and second connectors (10, 20) which has tilted end units (11, 21) having facing ends cut in a tilted manner and flange units (12, 22) protruding from the tilted end units (11, 21) on both sides to the outside; couplings which come in a pair to press and couple the flange units (12, 22) on both sides and have female screw units on a side and male screw units on the other side (41); and a rotation prevention member which is formed on the facing surfaces of the flange units (12, 22) of the first and second connectors (10, 20) coming in contact with each other.
Patent KR-20170036212-A (KR)
Title: 안경테
Inventor: KIM JAE HO
IPC: G02C1/06
Filed: 2015-09-24
Abstract: 본 발명은 구면형태의 안경테(A)에 평면형태에 가까운 안경렌즈(B)를 장착하였을 때 안경테(A)가 평면형태로 변형되면서 안경다리(A2)가 벌어지는 것을 방지할 수 있는 기능을 갖춘 안경테(A)에 대한 것이다. 
본 발명에서 제안하는 안경테(A)는, 안경다리(A2)를 포함하고, 안경렌즈(B)를 장착할 수 있는 렌즈테두리(A1)가 평면상 구면형태로 이루어지는 안경테(A); 상기 안경테(A)의 내면 상측 렌즈테두리(A1)로부터 내측으로 돌출되는 보강부(10);를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 한다.