baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent TW-I416290-B (TW)
Title: Method of calibrating a turning machine, method of determining a position of an axis rotation of a turning machine, method of aligning a swiel axis of a turning machine, non-transitory computer readable medium, and automated turning machine apparatus
Inventor: MAXTED PAUL
IPC: G05B19/404
Filed: 2006-12-13
Granted: 2013-11-21
Abstract: Methods are described for calibrating a turning machine (30) having a first rotatable portion or chuck (4;32;202) for holding a workpiece. The first rotatable portion (4;32;202) has a first feature (6;34;206) associated therewith. The method comprises the steps of using a measurement probe (10;38;204;236) to determine the position of the first feature (6;34;206), rotating the first rotatable portion (4;32;202) through an angle, and using said measurement probe (10;38;204;236) to determine the new position of the first feature(6;34;206). The use of the technique with swivel head mill-turn machines (30) is described.
Patent TW-I411648-B (TW)
Inventor: SAITO TAKASHI
IPC: C08L83/07
Filed: 2007-03-20
Granted: 2013-10-11
Abstract: A curable resin which exhibits strength, transparency, heat resistance and dimensional stability which are equivalent to those of inorganic glass respectively as well as high toughness and fabricability which are equivalent to those of plastics respectively. A curable resin having a molecular structure of the general formula (1) consisting of dense structural units (A) and thin structural units (B), in which the dense structural units (A) consist of a metal oxide having a Kp value of 0.68 to 0.8 and the thin structural units (B) have Kp values of less than 0.68 and comprises an organic substance and an organometallic oxide, with each Kp value being calculated by free volume fraction according to the formula (2), and which has an (A)/(B) weight ratio is 0.01 to 5.00, at least one unsaturated bond, and a number-average molecular weight of 800 to 60000: -{(A)-(B)<SUB>m</SUB>}<SUB>n</SUB>- (1), Kp=An Vw p/Mw (2) wherein An is Avogadro's number; Vw is van der Waals volume; p is density; and Mw is molecular weight.
Patent TW-I413887-B (TW)
Title: Heat pipe structure
Inventor: HSIAO WEI CHUNG
IPC: G06F1/20
Filed: 2008-01-07
Granted: 2013-11-01
Abstract: A heat pipe structure including a pipe body and a working substance is provided. The pipe body has two closed ends opposite to each other, an inner surface, a compressed portion, and an expanded portion. The inner surface and the two closed ends form a cavity. The compressed portion includes a plurality of first grooves formed at the inner surface. Any one of the first grooves includes a first width. The expanded portion includes a plurality of second grooves formed at the inner surface. Any one of the second grooves includes a second width, and the first width is approximately equal to the second width. The working substance is contained in the cavity.
Patent TW-I397156-B (TW)
Title: A multi-die dc-dc boost power converter with efficient packaging
Inventor: FRANCOIS HEBERT
IPC: H01L23/34
Filed: 2008-07-16
Granted: 2013-05-21
Abstract: A DC-DC boost converter in multi-die package is proposed having an output Schottky diode and a low-side vertical MOSFET controlled by a power regulating controller (PRC). The multi-die package includes a single die pad with the Schottky diode placed there on side by side with the vertical MOSFET. The PRC die is attached atop the single die pad via an insulating die bond. Alternatively, the single die pad is grounded. The vertical MOSFET is a top drain vertical N-channel FET, the substrate of Schottky diode die is its anode. The Schottky diode and the vertical MOSFET are stacked atop the single die pad. The PRC is attached atop the single die pad via a standard conductive die bond. The Schottky diode die can be supplied in a flip-chip configuration with cathode being its substrate. Alternatively, the Schottky diode is supplied with anode being its substrate without the flip-chip configuration.
Patent TW-I406070-B (TW)
Title: Thin film transistor substrate, display panel, display apparatus and manufacturing methods thereof
Inventor: WU BING SENG
IPC: G02F1/1343
Filed: 2008-10-17
Granted: 2013-08-21
Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes a plurality of data lines and a plurality of scan lines that define a plurality of pixel areas. Each pixel area has at least one pixel electrode, at least one storage electrode and a dielectric layer. The pixel electrode is disposed opposite to the storage electrode. The storage electrode has a transparent portion and a non-transparent portion. The dielectric layer is disposed between the storage electrode and the pixel electrode.
Patent TW-I342809-B (TW)
Inventor: UNO TOMOHIRO
IPC: H01L21/60
Filed: 2009-02-02
Granted: 2011-06-01
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance bonding wire that is suitable for semiconductor mounting technology, such as stacked chip bonding, thinning, and fine pitch mounting, where wire lean (leaning) at an upright position of a ball and spring failure can be suppressed and loop linearity and loop height stability are excellent. This bonding wire for a semiconductor device includes a core material made of a conductive metal, and a skin layer formed on the core material and containing a metal different from the core material as a main component; wherein a relationship between an average size (a) of crystal grains in the skin layer on a wire surface along a wire circumferential direction and an average size (b) of crystal grains in the core material on a normal cross section, the normal cross section being a cross section normal to a wire axis, satisfies an inequality of a/b ‰¤ 0.7.
Patent TW-I413327-B (TW)
Title: Power conversion device
Inventor: SATO EDUARDO KAZUHIDE
IPC: H02H7/122
Filed: 2009-12-16
Granted: 2013-10-21
Abstract: A three-level PWM converter includes first to third fuses having one terminals connected to a DC positive bus, a DC negative bus and a DC neutral point bus, respectively, first and second IGBT elements connected between respective ones of the other terminals of the first and second fuses and an AC line, an AC switch connected between the AC line and the other terminal of the third fuse, first and second diodes connected in anti-parallel to the first and second IGBT elements respectively, a first capacitor connected between the other terminals of the first and third fuses, and a second capacitor connected between the other terminals of the second and third fuses.
Patent TW-I407546-B (TW)
Title: Side emitting type semiconductor package
Inventor: SHIEH MIN TSUN
IPC: H01L25/075
Filed: 2010-02-24
Granted: 2013-09-01
Abstract: A side emitting semiconductor package includes a two-sided electric circuit formed on a silicon substrate of the package, and a plurality of semiconductor light emitting devices bonded on two bilateral surfaces of the electric circuit to provide a surface mounted device with two light emitting sides.
Patent TW-I413481-B (TW)
Title: Computer casing with a rotatable cover
Inventor: CHEN YI HUNG
IPC: H05K5/02
Filed: 2010-05-31
Granted: 2013-10-21
Abstract: A computer casing includes a housing body, a supporting long plate and a cover plate. The housing body has a side plate defining an opening therein and a notch in communication with the opening. The long plate has a longitudinal edge connected with a bottom edge of the opening of the side plate. The long plate further has a curved guiding groove which has one end in communication with the notch of the side plate of the housing body. The cover plate includes a main sheet, a minor sheet and a pillar. The main sheet, vertically connected with the minor sheet, is presented for covering the side plate and to be received in the opening of the side plate. The pillar is received in the guiding groove of the long plate and is connected with a bottom surface of the minor sheet which faces the long plate.
Patent TW-I414984-B (TW)
Title: Touch apparatus and touch display panel
Inventor: CHIEN CHIH WEI
IPC: G09F9/00
Filed: 2010-07-27
Granted: 2013-11-11
Abstract: A touch apparatus including a first light source, a second light source, a first detecting apparatus, a second detecting apparatus and a first mask is provided. The second light source and the second light source are disposed perpendicularly. The first detecting apparatus is dispose at the opposite side of the first light source. The second detecting apparatus is disposed at the opposite side of the second light source. The first mask is disposed between the first detecting apparatus and the first light source, wherein the light along a first direction and a second direction which is provided from the light source passes through the first mask and is detected by the first detecting apparatus. The first direction and the second direction have an acute angle. A touch display panel is also provided.
Patent TW-I414459-B (TW)
IPC: B23K37/00
Filed: 2010-10-27
Granted: 2013-11-11
Abstract: [PROBLEMS] A top plate for a metal can, and a correction method and a correction apparatus for the top plate for a metal can are provided that can suitably correct a damaged portion of a laminated layer damaged during spot welding for attaching a hand ring, while preventing environmental contamination.  [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A correction film 15 for correcting a damaged portion 14 of a laminated layer 5 damaged by spot welding is formed over a film formation area in a predetermined area including the damaged portion 14 on one surface of a top plate body 3. The correction film 15 is press-bonded onto the film formation area by a heated roller 41 having an outer circumferential surface shape corresponding to a surface shape of the film formation area.
Patent TW-I404658-B (TW)
IPC: B65D73/00
Filed: 2010-12-23
Granted: 2013-08-11
Abstract: This invention discloses a hanger for sleeve hand tool, which is provided with a metal extruded hanging rack where the back plate defining hanging holes and a base forwardly extended from the bottom of the back plate. A front and a rear protruding ribs extended along the left and the right directions are upwardly protruded at the front and the rear positions of the base top face respectively. A substrate is embedded at the base top face and between the front and rear protruding ribs. A plurality of fasteners pass through the substrate to secure the substrate to the base top face. Further, a plurality of securing posts are upwardly protruded laterally on the substrate top face. When the hanger is used, hanging rack is hooked to the perforated board or directly placed on the desk through the base. Because a single substrate is provided with a number of securing posts for the positioning of sleeves, in addition to two ways of placement, it has effects of rapid assembly and economical production.
Patent TW-I403358-B (TW)
Title: Method for dispersing metallic nanoparticle and composite thereof
Inventor: LIN JIANG JEN
IPC: B01F17/00
Filed: 2010-12-29
Granted: 2013-08-01
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for dispersing metallic nanoparticles and a composite thereof. By mixing the metal ions with a dispersion of modified clay, the metal ions can be reduced to spherical metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles are also adsorbed onto the modified clay to form a composite of about 5-100nm. On surface of the modified clay, polyamine is grafted to adsorb and reduce the metal ions; and ions (≡ SiO-) facilitate adsorbing and dispersing the reduced nanoparticles. Between the layered clay and the spherical nanoparticles, steric hindrance exists so that the composite can be dispersed in a solvent at the nano scale without aggregation. In the present invention, no extra reducing agent is necessary and the composite is stable.
Patent GR-10253-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος προς αποκτησιν οξειδιου του αργιλιου.
Filed: 1942-01-31
Abstract: έθοδος προς απόκτησιν οξειδίου του αργιλίου εξ όλων περιεχουσών αργιλικά γαιώδη αλκάλια, ιδία όμως εξ όλων περιεχουσών οργιλικόν ασβάστιον, ως επί παραδείγματι δια θερμικής συντήξεως (AUFSCHLUSS) αργιλούχων πρώτων υλών μετ' αλκαλικών γαιών, διά μετατροπής των αργιλικών αλκαλικών γαιών εις αργιλικά αλκάλια μέσον διαλύματος αλκαλικού και ικανού προςσχηματισμόν αδιαλύτου άλτος αλκαλικής γής, κατά προτίμησιν μέσω διαλύματος σόδας, οπότε τα σχηματισθέντα αργλικά αλκάλια φέρονται εν διαλύματι, χαρακτηριζομένη κε του ότι το ποσόν του προς επίδρασιν επί του αργιλικού γαιώδους αλκαλίου φερομένου αλκαλίου καθορίζεται ούτω πως επί του προς μετατροπήν αργιλικού γαιώδους αλκαλίου, ούτως ώστε το υγρόν εκκλύσεως να περιέχει σχεδόν εισέτι εν διαλύσει οφείδιον γαιώδους αλκαλίου, εις ποσόν εν τούτοις κείμενον πολύ κάτω των ορίων κορεσμού διαλύματος του σχετικού αργιλικού γαιώδους αλκαλίου.
Patent GR-17112-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος δια την παρασκευην θεμελιωδων παραγωγων μιας νεας ενεργου ουσιας εκ των επινεφριδιων.
Inventor: RECHSTEIN TADEUS DR
Filed: 1954-09-02
Abstract: έθοδος δια την παρασκευήν θεμελιωδών παραγώγων, διακρινομένη εκ τούτου, ότι μίαν νέαν, εκ των επινεφριδίων απομονουμένην ενεργόν ουσίαν υποβάλλομεν εις εστεροποίησιν και/ή αιθεροποίησιν.
Patent GR-19349-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος δια την κατασκευην πυριμαχων προιοντων εκμαγνησιου μικρης θερμοαγωγιμοτητος.
Filed: 1958-07-24
Abstract: έθοδος κατασκευής πυριμάχων προϊόντων εκ μαγνησίτου, χαμηλής θερμικής αγωγιμότητος, ιδία δε του μονωτικού μέρους σωμάτων συνδέσεων, χαρακτηριζομένη εκ τούτου, ότι κυρίως υποβάλλεται εις εξεργασίαν ενφρύγμα, λαμβανόμενον δι εψήσεως ακατεργάστου μαγνησίτου  υπό θερμοκρασίαν κατά την οποίαν ακόμη ουδεμία ή μόνον μία ασήμαντος συμπύκνωσις δι_ανακρυσταλλώσεως έχει επέλθει.
Patent GR-20353-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος παρασκευης νεων οργανικων ενωσεων θειου, εχουσων μυκητοκτονον δραστικοτητα και μυκητοκτονοιουσιαι παρασκευαζομεναι εξ αυτων.
Inventor: LOSCO GUISEPPE
Filed: 1959-07-08
Abstract: ργανικαί ενώσεις θείου, έχουσαι τον γενικόν τύπον:
[*]
εν τω οποίω το R είναι εν μεθοξύλιον, αιθοξύλιον, ισοπροπύλιον, ή μία διμεθυλο-αμινό ή διαιθυλοαμινική ομάς και το R1 είναι μεθύλιον ή φαινύλιον.
Patent GR-23772-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος δια την παρασκευην νεων εστεροειδων παραγωγων της 4-υδροξυ-πιπεριδινης.
Filed: 1959-04-30
Abstract: έθοδος δια την παρασκευήν νέων εστεροειδών παραγώγων της 4-υδροξυ-πιπεριδίνης, του γενικού τύπου Ι:
[*]
εις τον οποίον
R1 = κατώτερον αλκύλιον
Χ = Ο,ΝΗ
Α = αλκυλενική άλυσος μετά το πολύ 3 ατόμων άνθρακος επί ευθείας αλύσου
R2 = Η, αλογόνον,Ο-αλκύλιον
διακρινομένη εκ τούτου, ότι παράγωγα της 1-αλκυλο-4-υδροξυ-πιπεριδίνης, του γενικού τύπου ΙΙ:
[*]
εις τον οποίον το R1 έχει την ανωτέρω σημασίαν, φέρομεν εις αντίδρασιν μετά ικανών προς αντίδρασινθεμελιωδών παραγώγων του βενζοϊκού οξέος, του γενικού τύπου ΙΙΙ:
[*]
εις τον οποίον τα Χ, Α, R2 έχουν την ανωτέρω σημασίαν, το δε Ζ είναι χλώριον ή βρώμιον ή μία αλκοξυ-ομάς περιέχουσα 1-3 άτομα άνθρακος.
Patent GR-33657-B (GR)
Title: Μεθοδος αποφραξεως των διαρροων εις μιαν δεξαμενην υδατος δι' αποθεσεως υλων.
IPC: B32B11/00
Filed: 1967-09-08
Abstract: έθοδος αποφράξεως των διαρροών δι' αποθέσεως υλών εις μία δεξαμενή ύδατος χαρακτηριζόμενη εκ του γεγονότος ότι στοιχεία υπό μορφή νημάτων πυκνότηταςπερίπου ίσης με την του ύδατος τίθεται εν αιώρησηεντός το ύδατος της δεξαμενής, πλησίον της ζώνηςόπου υπάρχει μία διαρροή και εν συνέχεια εισάγεται εις την ιδίαν ζώνη  ένα μίγμα ενός στεγανωτικού προϊόντος και ενός υγρού.
Patent GR-33672-B (GR)
Title: Διαχωρισμος καθαρου υδατος εξ ενος υδατωδους διαλυματος δια της δι' υψηλης πιεσεως αντιστροφης της ταξεως των σημειων τηξεως.
Inventor: CHENG CHEN-YEN
IPC: C02F1/22
Filed: 1967-04-15
Abstract: ία μέθοδος διαχωρισμού καθαρού ύδατος εξ ενός υδατικού διαλύματος η οποία κάμνει χρήσιν μίας ουσίαςή ενός μίγματος ουσιών ως ενός μέσου εναλλαγής θερμότητος ίνα ροφά (παραλαμβάνει) την θερμότητα πήξεως του αναφερθέντος υδατικού διαλύματος δια τήξεως του μέσου εναλλαγής θερμότητας εις μίαν σχετικώςχαμηλή πίεσιν και να παρέχει την θερμότητα τήξεωςτου πάγου δια στερεοποιήσεως του μέσου εναλλαγής θερμότητας δι' αμέσου ή εμμέσου εναλλαγή θερμότητας υπό σχετικώς υψηλή πίεσιν.
Patent GR-71889-B (GR)
IPC: C07D223/22
Filed: 1980-10-27
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the known 5-carbamoyl-10-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine of the formula III which is characterized in that, for example, 5-cyano-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine of the formula I is nitrated to form 5-cyano-10-nitro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine of the formula II, this is subjected to hydrolysis, then reduction, then the reduction product contained in the reaction mixture is subjected to hydrolysis and the end product of the formula III is isolated in pure form. The process is illustrated by the following reaction scheme:   <IMAGE>    <IMAGE> +TR  <IMAGE>  The invention relates also to new intermediates produced in these reactions.
Patent GR-75802-B (GR)
Inventor: SUARATO A
IPC: C07H15/24
Filed: 1981-09-28
Abstract: A new process for the preparation of the known 4'-deoxydaunorubicin and 4'-deoxydoxorubicin is disclosed. The used starting material is 4'-eip-N-trifluoroacetyldaunorubicin which is converted into 4'-deoxy-4'-iodo-N-trifluoroacetyl-daunorubicin from which 4'-deoxy-daunorubicin can be reductively obtained and eventually transformed, by known methods, into 4'-deoxy-doxorubicin.
Patent GR-77144-B (GR)
Inventor: HOLMWOOD G DR
IPC: C07D233/60
Filed: 1983-01-25
Abstract: Compounds which are substituted 1-hydroxyalkyl-azolyl derivatives of the general formula    <IMAGE>  (I)  in which A represents a nitrogen atom or a CH group, B represents oxygen, sulphur or a CH2 group, R represents substituted alkyl, and, in the case in which B represents sulphur, also represents an unsubstituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl group, Z represents a halogen atom or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkylthio, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenoxy, optionally substituted phenylalkyl or optionally substituted phenylalkoxy group, and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and the acid addition salts and metal salt complexes thereof, are new, are prepared as described and find use as fungicides and plant growth regulators.
Patent IN-167956-B (IN)
Inventor: ALLEN RALPH DANIEL
IPC: C08L7/00
Filed: 1987-04-09
Abstract: Blends comprised of (A) a high molecular weight elastomeric polymer; (B) a sufficient amount of an ethylene/alphaolefin/nonconjugated polyene terpolymer having a number average molecular weight of between about 1,000 and about 15,000 such that variety of the blend is at least about 5% lower than the viscosity of component (A) alone, and (c) a curative, exhibit increased processability, and, when cured, exhibit unexpectedly desirable tensile strength, ozone resistance and oil resistance.
Patent IN-155063-B (IN)
Inventor: PREUSSER GERHARD
IPC: B01D3/42
Filed: 1980-05-09
Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided controlling the heat input of an extractive distillation column. The bottom of the column is heated with a major stream of thermal energy which is either slowly varying in time or controlled by the amount of starting material mixture and with a minor stream of thermal energy which is controlled by sensing the thermodynamic state in the upper half of the column during the process. The major stream can provide about 90 percent and the minor stream about 10 percent of the heat fed to the column. The minor stream can be controlled by the temperature at one point in the upper half of the column, by the temperature difference at two points in the upper half of the column or by gas chromatographic analysis of the extract material concentration near the top of the column. The process allows one to keep a low concentration of the extract material in the raffinate.
Patent RS-50440-B (RS)
Inventor: HADZIC MIODRAG
IPC: G01R3/00
Filed: 2007-07-06
Abstract: Merna magnetooptipčka glava sa podesivim analizatorom za merenje struje na srednjim i visokim naponima naznačena time, što je čine nosac (1) optičkih kablova i kućiste (6) magnetnog koncentratora, oklopljeni u visoko elektrootpornu plastiku, specijalno oblikovani magnetni koncentrator (7) sa dvosegmentnom stranom (29) u čiji prizmatični otvor (32) je umetnuto kućište (48) magnetooptičkog kristala (44) sa podesivim analizatorom (68).Prijava sadrži jedan nezavisan i šest zavisnih patentnih zahteva.
Patent RS-50960-B (RS)
Title: Method for purifying erythropoietin
Inventor: SCHUMANN CHRISTOF
IPC: C07K1/22
Filed: 2005-06-07
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing recombined erythropoietin having a particularly high degree of purity (>=98%). The method consists of at least 5 chromatographic purification steps, i.e. at least two anion exchange chromatographs, at least one hydrophobic interaction chromatography, at least one affinity chromatography and at least one hydroxyapatite chromatography. In preferred embodiments, the method does not require any exclusion chromatography and any reversed-phase chromatography. The invention relates to, in particular, a method wherein the following chromatographic purification steps have the following order; i) a first anion exchange chromatography, ii) an affinity chromatography, which relates, preferably, to a dye affinity chromatography, iii) a hydrophobic interaction chromatography, iv) an hydroxyapatite chromatography and v) a second anion exchange chromatography.
Patent RS-52402-B (RS)
Inventor: MANNION RICHARD OWEN
IPC: A61K9/22
Filed: 2007-08-24
Abstract: Čvrst oralni farmaceutski dozni oblik sa produženim oslobađanjem, koji sadrži formulaciju matrice sa produženim oslobađanjem koja je očvršćavana na temperaturi od bar oko 60°C u toku vremenskog perioda od bar oko 1 minuta, a formulcija matrice sa produženim oslobađanjem sadrži kompoziciju koja sadrži bar(1)	najmanje jedan polietilen oksid koji na osnovu reoloških merenja ima molekulsku težinu od najmanje 1,000,000; i(2)	najmanje jedan aktivan agens izabran od opioidnih analgetika, i gde kompozicija sadrži bar oko 80 mas.% polietilen oksida.Prijava sadrži još 40 patentnih zahteva.
Patent TW-I410357-B (TW)
IPC: B65B51/00
Filed: 2011-01-10
Granted: 2013-10-01
Abstract: The present invention provides a horizontal packaging mechanism, particularly an innovative design of horizontal packaging mechanism for enhancing overall practicality of applicability and greatly reducing cost and fault problems. The present invention mainly comprises a cam driving mechanism disposed within the machine table, and employs the cam driving mechanism to synchronously complete each stage of horizontal packaging process; wherein, the horizontal packaging process includes the following steps: (A) film material feeding; (B) bottom side sealing; (C) electric eye positioning; (D) punching; (E) stepping driving; (F) cutting; (G) filling; (H) flatting of bag opening; (I) top sealing; and, (J) product discharging. With the innovative and unique design, the horizontal packaging mechanism according to the present invention utilizes the synchronous driving of the cam driving mechanism to greatly reduce the cost and fault problems, and further achieve the practical inventiveness for quality and precision enhancement.
Patent TW-I414712-B (TW)
Title: Adjustable lamp structure
Inventor: SU WEN LUNG
IPC: F21V3/02
Filed: 2011-03-16
Granted: 2013-11-11
Abstract: The invention discloses an adjustable lamp structure. The adjustable lamp structure comprises a lamp holder, a light emitting element and a lampshade. A groove is arranged on the top of the lamp holder and extends downwards into the lamp holder by at least one depth. The light emitting element is arranged on the top of the lamp holder. The lampshade covers the light emitting element. A projection part is arranged in the groove on the bottom of the lampshade and a multi-segment type clamping part is arranged on the inner wall of the groove. The projection part is segmentally clamped with the multi-segment type clamping part in the groove, so as to adjust the distance between the lampshade and the light emitting element.