baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-4336323-C1 (DE)
Title: Process for the preparation of tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone
Inventor: ARNDT OTTO DR
IPC: C07C46/06
Filed: 1993-10-25
Granted: 1995-03-09
Abstract: Process for the preparation of tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in high purity by allowing chlorine and concentrated hydrochloric acid to act on hydroquinone, in which process some of the hydroquinone to be employed is introduced into an amount of 20 to 37% strength aqueous hydrochloric acid whose molarity is 4 to 6 times the total amount of hydroquinone and which contains catalytic amounts of iron(III) ions and an anionic dispersant, chlorine gas whose molarity is 1.5 to 2.0 times the amount of total hydroquinone is passed into this solution at a temperature of 20 to 90 DEG C, the remaining hydroquinone is subsequently added in the form of a solid or in dissolved form, chlorine gas whose molarity is 1.5 to 2.0 is passed in, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is maintained at 23-25% by adding water, and, finally, the temperature is raised to 100 to 107 DEG C while passing in more chlorine gas (molarity 1.7 to 2.5) and diluting with water down to a hydrochloric acid concentration of 20 to 22%.
Patent DE-4340806-C1 (DE)
Title: Process for the preparation of potassium sulphate
Inventor: SCHERZBERG HEINZ DR
IPC: C01D5/06
Filed: 1993-11-24
Granted: 1994-11-17
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of potassium sulphate by reacting potassium chloride and sodium sulphate with potassium sulphate mother liquor to form glaserite, separating off the glaserite, reacting it with potassium chloride and water to form potassium sulphate and potassium sulphate mother liquor, cooling the glaserite mother liquor and crystallisation of Glauber's salt and separating the Glauber's salt and returning it to the glaserite crystallisation. In this case, according to the invention the water evaporation takes place by vaporisation using solar energy in a solar pan with crystallisation of the pure sodium chloride and its continuous or discontinuous removal from the solar pan. <IMAGE>
Patent DE-4416037-C1 (DE)
Title: Pressurised gasification reactor sealed by disc fabricated by conjoined pipe rings
Inventor: HENSEL ERHARD
IPC: C10J3/48
Filed: 1994-05-06
Granted: 1995-09-07
Abstract: A pressurised gasification reactor has an opening which is sealed by an assembly which also holds the burner located within a cylindrical reactor. The reactor has a central passage to which the burner is fitted and fixed by a flange. A cooling disc (30) blocks off the reaction chamber end of the assembly. The novelty is that the cooling disc (30) is built up from a series of conjoined pipe rings (27) which are connected to an inner cooling cylinder ring (7) and an external cooling cylinder ring (6), and that the cooling water inlet (21) and the cooling water outlet (22) pass through the assembly flange (1). The combustion dust inlet (15) is integrated in the burner support. The circular chamber (19) between the internal and external ring chamber mantle (8) is filled with fire-resistant material by means of flange (1) inlets (17) which may be closed off.
Patent DE-4442197-C1 (DE)
Title: Mfr. method for lipstick with inner core
Inventor: WEISSIN FRITHJOF
IPC: A45D40/16
Filed: 1994-11-17
Granted: 1996-02-22
Abstract: The method involves determining and setting the cycle time for the rotation of the casting table w.r.t. the melting temperature of the poured material that makes up the coloured outer coating of the lipstick, the pre-heat temperature and pre-heating time and the cooling temperature and cooling time of the mould. The core insert is wetted through vertical sprues with a separating medium e.g. silicon oil. The mould is warmed by a warm water circulation. The next step involves the removal of an insert from a ready position and fixture in a pouring position thus forming six moulds in a sector. The space between the core insert and the mould is filled with the molten, coloured coating material from the bottom by dip filling process. The mould is then cooled by water circulation. The insert is then ventilated in two stages, the first has the insert being removed 2 to 3mm from the mould, while the molten material is still soft, and held in this position fro 4 seconds. The second stage of the ventilation has the inset withdrawn 0.5 to 1mm form the mould. The hollow core, formed by the insert is then filled with a second molten material.
Patent NL-1001513-C1 (NL)
Title: Catalytically producing combustible gases, e.g., for energy generation
Inventor: WAGENAAR BERTUS MICHIEL
IPC: C10L3/00
Filed: 1995-10-27
Granted: 1997-05-02
Abstract: One component in a gas mixture is converted in a reaction at high temperature in a reactor containing a catalyst. The reaction is endothermic and an extra component is added to the reactor to create an exothermic reaction to offset the endothermic conversion. Also claimed is the catalytic treatment of tar-containing gas mixtures as described above.
Patent NL-1008045-C1 (NL)
Title: Control system for cryptographic keys in computer network
Inventor: QUAK JACOBUS THEODORUS WILLEM
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 1998-01-16
Granted: 1998-02-20
Abstract: The control system includes two cryptographic keys stored for each authorised user (4,5) in the memory of the network control server (2). The keys are the Public Key - PuK - and the Private Key - PrK. The server also has a PuK and PrK to authenticate received messages. Messages are available to all Trusted Third Parties - TPP - on the network as well as the intended recipient. However they cannot read the message without the appropriate PrK. If a private key is compromised, a message is sent to TPPs. The message consists of a new public key. The receiving terminals substitute the new public key for the old one.
Patent NL-1033625-C1 (NL)
Title: Kerosene powered motor for generating electricity, comprises duel fuel internal combustion engine supplied with kerosene in liquid and vapor form
Inventor: DIEM ARNOUT VAN
IPC: F02D19/08
Filed: 2007-04-02
Granted: 2007-05-10
Abstract: The motor is a dual fuel internal combustion engine burning both liquid kerosene supplied (in)directly from a waste stream, and kerosene vapor. This motor drives a generator for producing electricity and heat. Feed forward control and a dedicated motor management are used to control engine operation.
Patent RU-2016175-C1 (RU)
Title: Ripper
Inventor: VLASOV VALERIJ V
IPC: E02F5/32
Filed: 1989-01-18
Granted: 1994-07-15
Abstract: FIELD: earth ripping. SUBSTANCE: ripper includes a basic machine to which a tail post provided with a tooth is attached. The lower suspension pull member is provided with a guide. A lug is mounted on the guide. The pull member is hinged to the lug. Another pull member end section is rigidly secured on the front post provided with a tooth. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2026852-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of synthesis of benzene, toluene and xylenes
Inventor: BLAZHIN YURIJ M
IPC: C07C2/76
Filed: 1990-02-21
Granted: 1995-01-20
Abstract: FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: products: benzene, empirical formula is C 6 H 6 , yield is 13.64-14.35%; toluene, empirical formula is C 7 H 8 , yield is 22.32-23.43%; xylenes, empirical formula is C 8 H 10 , yield is 14.5-14.8% . Reagent: propane or butane, or their mixture. Catalyst: zeolite type ZSM-5 containing 0.5-3.0 Ga. Conditions: 400-500 C, reactor block consisting of three reactors, recycle of fraction C 9+ -aromatic hydrocarbons at concentration 1-5% for initial raw to the third reactor of block; contacting time in this reactor is 0.5-1.5 s. Method is used in petroleum-chemical synthesis. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 2 cl, 2 dwg, 10 tbl
Patent RU-2042503-C1 (RU)
Title: Gripper
Inventor: ZAGORODNYUK VITOLD T
IPC: B25J19/00
Filed: 1990-04-09
Granted: 1995-08-27
Abstract: FIELD: industrial robots. SUBSTANCE: gripper has case and levers 2, 8 kinematically coupled to shaft of drive 3. Internal clamping members 6 are manufactured in the form of cantilever levers joined to ends of levers 2 and supported by power flexible chambers 8. Shaft of drive 8 brings together levers 2 clamping part 15. Position of clamping members 6 is adapted by position of part 15. Presence of power flexible chambers 8 reduces rigidity of clamping preventing injury of part 15. EFFECT: expanded application field, enhanced operational stability and reliability. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2012842-C1 (RU)
Title: Electric furnace
Inventor: SNIZHKO VIKTOR V
IPC: F27B3/08
Filed: 1990-05-21
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: growing monocrystals. SUBSTANCE: electric furnace has a lined working chamber with a bottom, heaters positioned within the working space and container made of fireproof material and having a detachable cover provided with an opening with alternative cross-section. Gas discharging pipe passes through the arch of the furnace and gas supplying pipe is connected with the bottom of the container. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2017210-C1 (RU)
Inventor: AZIZOV VALERIJ KH
IPC: G06F13/00
Filed: 1990-04-09
Granted: 1994-07-30
Abstract: FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: interface has three bus drivers, address decoder, timing-pulse generator, control unit, two multiplexers, second comparison circuit. The data transferred are read in a parallel way from random-access storage unit to first store register and sent to channel encoder via parallel-to-serial converter. The transmitting amplifier sends the encoded message to the terminal user. The message of the user is transferred via receiving amplifier, channel decoder, serial-to- parallel converter to the second register and put into random-access storage unit if the first comparison circuit recognizes the absolute address of the user. Control data are stored in register unit. EFFECT: increased user interface efficiency. 5 cl, 16 dwg
Patent RU-2040337-C1 (RU)
Title: Disintegrator
Inventor: ANFEROV VLADIMIR A
IPC: B02C17/00
Filed: 1990-10-09
Granted: 1995-07-25
Abstract: FIELD: disintegrating. SUBSTANCE: working member of the disintegrator has hubs 1 and 2 made in block with main 3,4 and additional first disk 5 and second disk 6. Plates 8,8 I , 8 II  provided with movable rods 9 are secured to the disks by way of threaded joints 7. Plates 8 of disks 3 and 4 are shifted with respect to each other by (+β). Plates 8 II  of disks 5 and 6 are shifted with respect to each other by (-β). EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2054220-C1 (RU)
Inventor: SHEVCHENKO ALEKSANDR F
IPC: H02K37/00
Filed: 1991-01-15
Granted: 1996-02-10
Abstract: FIELD: electrical machines. SUBSTANCE: motor has rotor 1 with teeth 2 (their quantity is Z r ), and stator 3 with 4p poles (p=1,2,3...). Inner surfaces of poles have elementary, teeth 12, Z s  teeth per pole. Rotor tooth number Z r  is found from equation Z r = 4p (Z s +K)±p, where K = 0,1,2... is integer number. Single-phase winding 13 built up of concentrated coils, one per pole, is placed in large slots between poles. Coils mounted on like-polarity poles with numbers differing by four (as counted clockwise along stator surface) form four circuits. Finishing lead of first circuit incorporating coils 1,5 through 1+4 (p-1) is connected to starting lead of third circuit formed by coils 3.7 through 4 (p-1), and their common point is connected to first lead of winding. In addition, finishing lead of second circuit and starting lead of fourth circuit are interconnected and their common point is connected through capacitor to first lead of winding; two diodes are connected to second lead, so that first and fourth circuits are connected to anode of first diode while second and third circuits are connected to cathode of second diode. EFFECT: simplified design of motor due to reduced quantity of diodes in winding connection circuit. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2028682-C1 (RU)
Inventor: TROITSKIJ ALEKSEJ V
IPC: H01C17/06
Filed: 1991-01-24
Granted: 1995-02-09
Abstract: Использование: микроэлектроника, технология изготовления прецизионных тонкопленочных резисторов. Сущность изобретения: пленку (П) на основе сплава тантал - алюминий с содержанием тантала 40 - 60 ат.% осаждают методом катодного распыления мишеней тантала и алюминия в атмосфере кислорода. Парциальное давление кислорода поддерживают равным (6,65-7,98)×10 -2  , а осаждение П осуществляют со скоростью   Далее проводят отжиг в вакууме при температуре (650 - 900)°С. Указанные технологические режимы обеспечивают получение П с удельным сопротивлением до 5000 мк Ом. см и температурным коэффициентом сопротивления не более ± 5·10 -5 град -1
Patent RU-2026856-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of preparing of a mixture of diacetoxycyclopentenes
Inventor: DEVEKKI ANDREJ V
IPC: C07C69/16
Filed: 1991-02-15
Granted: 1995-01-20
Abstract: FIELD: chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: 1,3-cyclopentadiene is subjected for acetoxylation in the medium of acetic acid using air oxygen and intermetallide Rh 2 Te as catalysts. Process is carried out at 80-85 C under pressure 8.5-9.0 MPa on the catalyst, wt.-%: rhodium telluride Rh 2 Te 2.8-3.6, and activated coal - the rest. Yield is 89%. EFFECT: enhanced yield of product. 4 tbl
Patent RU-2025590-C1 (RU)
Inventor: IZOSIMOV MIKHAIL E
IPC: F16C33/38
Filed: 1990-12-13
Granted: 1994-12-30
Abstract: Использование: машиностроение, в подшипниках, воспринимающих радиальную и осевую нагрузки. Сущность изобретения: подшипник содержит наружное и внутреннее кольца с дорожками качения и размещенные между ними тела качения, установленные в сепараторе. Подшипник снабжен двумя дополнительными упорными кольцами с дорожками качения. Одно из колец связано с наружным кольцом, а другое - с внутренним. Сепаратор расположен между первым упорным и наружным кольцами и вторым упорным и внутренним кольцами. Каждое упорное кольцо выполнено за одно целое с радиальным в виде треугольника с дорожками качения, расположенными со стороны гипотенузы. В кольцах со стороны шариков выполнен по меньшей мере один паз, в котором расположен элемент сепаратора. Подшипник снабжен также крепежными кольцами. В элементах сепаратора выполнены каналы, заполненные смазкой. Подшипник может быть снабжен пружиной, установленной между торцом элемента сепаратора и дном паза. 2с. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.
Patent RU-2060824-C1 (RU)
Inventor: GRINBERG EFIM N
IPC: B02B3/04
Filed: 1991-02-19
Granted: 1996-05-27
Abstract: Машина содержит корпус, механизм питания, обрезиненные валки, привод, включающий электродвигатель, клиноременные передачи, блок, установленный на неподвижной оси и включающий шестерню и шкив, соединенный через клиноременную передачу с валом электродвигателя. Тихоходный вал снабжен ведомой шестерней с кулисой, шарнирно укрепленной одним концом на неподвижной оси с возможностью поворота на угол 28 - 30 o , а другим - на подвижном винте механизма регулирования межвалкового зазора. 3 ил.
Patent RU-2008797-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for examining functional condition of locking mechanism of rectum
Inventor: ZHUKOV DMITRIJ S
IPC: A61B1/31
Filed: 1991-04-26
Granted: 1994-03-15
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: dosed irritation unit is made in form of bellows which communicates with space of catheter bottles filled with air through air distributor. Bellows drive is provided with step-by-step engine with control cell, the latter is connected to interface of automatic control system which has programmable calculator and response parameters processing unit. Interface of automatic control system is connected with pressure-to-electric signal converters through the circuits which have amplifier and digital converter, communicating one with the other. EFFECT: improved precision; improved truth of measurement. 2 cl, 2 dwg
Patent RU-2012922-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ISAKOV ALEKSANDR B
IPC: G05F1/56
Filed: 1991-05-20
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: power supplies. SUBSTANCE: regulator has four transistors 1,2,8,9, regulating component 3 inserted between input and output leads, voltage divider 4 connected between output lead and common bus, current follower 6 with two input-current circuits, and current source 5 cut in between one of these circuits and common bus. EFFECT: reduced power requirement due to specific circuit arrangement. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2006226-C1 (RU)
Title: Радиопротекторное средство для детей в условиях хронического воздействия радиации малой интенсивности
Inventor: EVETS LARISA V
IPC: A61K35/30
Filed: 1991-06-17
Granted: 1994-01-30
Abstract: Изобретение относится к медицине, в частности к радиологии и фармакологии. Цель - повышение устойчивости организма детей в условиях дительного воздействия малых доз радиации. Для этого в качестве радиопротекторного средства используют пищевую добавку Spirulina.
Patent RU-2030819-C1 (RU)
Title: Safety valve for storage battery
Inventor: KONOVALOV MIKHAIL B
IPC: H01M50/325
Filed: 1991-10-22
Granted: 1995-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: sealed lead-acid storage batteries. SUBSTANCE: device has flexible shutoff member which closes through hole in lid or wall of cell. Shutoff member has outlet hole with interference-fitted plug. EFFECT: enhanced reliability of operation. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2012282-C1 (RU)
Title: Method of manufacturing stomatologic instruments
Inventor: SHCHEGOLEV VALERIJ A
IPC: A61C3/02
Filed: 1991-10-30
Granted: 1994-05-15
Abstract: FIELD: medical engineering; stomatology. SUBSTANCE: new method prescribes shaping abrasive-containing billet having preset cross-sectional area and based on glass-ceramic bond and roasting billet at temperature of 1,000 to 1,300 C. After roasting, billet of unlimited length is produced by continuous extrusion and cut into rods of desired length. Working portion of each rod is then shaped by straightening. EFFECT: higher durability. 2 cl
Patent RU-2127386-C1 (RU)
Title: Pulser of inertial torque transformer
Inventor: VOLKOVOJ ALEKSANDR IOSIFOVICH
IPC: F16H33/08
Filed: 1991-11-12
Granted: 1999-03-10
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: input member is made in form of two cylindrical pistons which are mounted coaxially relative to driven shaft 2 and are made in form of inertial members. Working end faces of pistons are connected by means of rod 6. Kinetic linkage between input member 3 and driven shaft 2 is made in form of screw 4 and nut 5. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 1 dwg
Patent RU-2101296-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ANDREAS VINTER
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1992-05-26
Granted: 1998-01-10
Abstract: FIELD: industry of plastics. SUBSTANCE: syndiotactic polyolefin is synthesized by (co)polymerization of C 3 -C 30 -alpha-olefins in solution, suspension or gaseous phase in the presence of catalyst containing alumoxane of linear or cyclic type or their mixture with trialkylaluminium and at least two zirconocenes. Preferable zirconocenes were taken from the group involving rac-dimethylsilyl-(2-methyl-1-indenium)-zircon dichloride, rac-ethylene-(2-methyl-1-indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac-methylethylene-(2-methyl-1-indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride or rac-phenylmethyl-silyl-(2-methyl-1-indenyl) 3 -zircon dichloride, or a mixture of the indicated zirconocenes with the following zirconocenes were used: rac-phenyl(methyl)silyl(indenyl)-zircon dichloride, diphenylmethylene-(9-fluorenyl)-(cyclopentadienyl)-zircon dichloride, rac-(dimethylsilyl-(2,3,5-trimethyl-1-cyclopentadienyl) 5 -zir- -con dichloride, rac-dimethylsilyl-(indenyl) 6 -zircon dichloride, rac-dimethylgermyl-(indenyl)-zircon dichloride, rac-dimethylsilyl-(indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac-phenyl-(vinyl)silyl-(indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac- 2 -(indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac-dimethylsilyl-(2,4-dimethylcyclopentadienyl) -zircon dichloride, rac-isopropylidene-(indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac-dimethylsilyl-(2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) 2 - -zircon dichloride, rac-ethylene-(indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride, rac-methylene-(3-1-butyl-1-cyclopentadienyl) 2 -zircon dichloride and rac-dimethylsilyl-(4,7-dimethyl-1-indenyl) 2 -zircon dichloride. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis. 6 cl
Patent RU-2048907-C1 (RU)
Inventor: ASHKINADZE INNA N
IPC: C01B31/08
Filed: 1991-07-05
Granted: 1995-11-27
Abstract: Сущность изобретения: ископаемый уголь дробят, крошат, сушат, виброотбивают при 40 65°С в течение 12 15 мин, перемалывают, выделяют фракцию с размером частиц 5 10 мкм, смешивают ее с добавкой полукокса с размером частиц 1 5 мкм и выдерживают смесь в атмосфере, содержащей 3 5 об. кислорода, в течение 2,5 3,0 ч. 1 табл.
Patent RU-2015251-C1 (RU)
Inventor: LEBEDEV VALERIAN A
IPC: E02D27/35
Filed: 1991-12-02
Granted: 1994-06-30
Abstract: FIELD: construction of oil pipelines in seismic regions. SUBSTANCE: earthquake-proof oil pipeline has pipes 1, upper reinforced concrete plates 9, lower reinforced concrete plates 5 and 6 with recesses 7 accommodating pipes 8, and bellows 2 of flat disks with central hole. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 7 dwg
Patent RU-2020895-C1 (RU)
Title: Device for calibration of standard interadentical splints at treatment of paradontosis
Inventor: MASHCHENKO IGOR S
IPC: A61C8/02
Filed: 1991-11-21
Granted: 1994-10-15
Abstract: FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: device for calibration of standard intradentical splints has beading matrix with changeable working members mounted on common base and corresponding with it punch movable installed by pins which are fixed on matrix. Punch has stop and bending press in the form of fixed mandrel with ring working surface and clamping spring-actuated roller movably along the groove in plate by means of handle. EFFECT: structural simplification. 3 dwg
Patent RU-2016771-C1 (RU)
Title: Hydropheumatic arrangement for protecting mechanical press against overloads
Inventor: TIKHOBAEV ANATOLIJ N
IPC: B30B15/28
Filed: 1991-12-11
Granted: 1994-07-30
Abstract: FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: arrangement has hydraulic valve with movable element mounted so as to close discharge line, and air cylinder. The movable element with gate has the form of flat valves with rod and pushers. Arrangement further has ball locking member with annular groove at side surface of air cylinder and balls located between pusher and piston of air cylinder adapted to engage with annular groove. In response to an increase in pressure of working fluid the force transmitted through pusher and balls to the piston exceeding the force produced by the pressure of compressed air exerted thereon the piston retracts and balls roll out of the grooves to free the pusher. In this position of parts of ball lock member the force of resistance to opening the hydraulic valve is reduced, valves open discharge line, and working fluid escapes to prevent overloading. EFFECT: higher reliability of protection. 4 dwg
Patent RU-2007241-C1 (RU)
Inventor: MAKSIMENKOV VLADIMIR I
IPC: B21D7/08
Filed: 1991-07-30
Granted: 1994-02-15
Abstract: FIELD: plastic metal working. SUBSTANCE: blank is deformed by a "punch-die" which one member is reciprocally mounted and the other one is mounted for rotation by applying radial and extension forces to the blank. One end of the blank is fixed on the rotatable member before deformation. Then the blank is drawn between the punch and the die with simultaneous heating and application of transversely directed extension forces to the inner surface of the blank along the entire zone of radial force application. EFFECT: improved quality. 2 dwg
Patent RU-2011670-C1 (RU)
Title: Phosphate coating priming
Inventor: KARCHEVSKAYA VALERIYA M
IPC: C09D111/00
Filed: 1992-01-03
Granted: 1994-04-30
Abstract: FIELD: protective materials. SUBSTANCE: priming has, % : chloroprenic rubber 7-5; plasticizer 1-8; ortho-phosphoric acid 1.5-5.0; pyridine complexing agent 0.5-2.0; alkylphenolformaldehyde resin 3-15; polyisocyanate 0.1-3.5; active filler 0.1-8.0; magnesium oxide 0.2-1.5, and organic solvent - the rest. Properties: adhesion at metal detachment at 20 C is 20, 1-24,8 kgf/cm 2 , at 60 C is 17-19,8 kgf/cm 2 , detachment strength at the tension at 20, 60 and 80 C: 21.6-28.1; 15.1-21.6 and 13-18 kgf/cm 2 , respectively. Priming is used for protective coating of metal structure against rust. EFFECT: enhanced quality of priming. 1 tbl