baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ZA-831954-B (ZA)
Title: Method of controlling chemical and/or physical reactions in the atmosphere
Inventor: GERKING ERICH
IPC: B01D53/81
Filed: 1983-03-21
Abstract: 1. Method for reducing the damaging action of acid-forming pollutants contained in the atmosphere, such as SO2  and NOx , using the moisture contained in the atmosphere, by systematic and extensive introduction and distribution of strongly water-soluble non-dust-forming basifiers, such as ammonia, potassium and sodium compounds, into the atmosphere via a system of nationally arranged chimneys and/or structures for bringing, in approximately the same areas of action, the acid and basifiers into the air layers.
Patent ZA-836112-B (ZA)
Title: Process for producing substituted asymmetric ureas
Inventor: ROMANO UGO
IPC: C07C275/28
Filed: 1983-08-18
Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing substituted asymmetric ureas, starting from dialkylcarbonates, aromatic amines and aliphatic amines, by a two-step procedure and in the presence of a catalyst selected from among the Lewis' acids and the alkoxides or the hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.
Patent ZA-838819-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the production of ethylene glycol
Inventor: GRIGGS COLIN GEORGE
IPC: C07C27/00
Filed: 1983-11-25
Abstract: Ethylene glycol is produced by reacting at elevated temperature methanol, a polymeric source of formaldehyde and an organic peroxide having the formula R-O-O-R<sup>1</sup> wherein R and R<sup>1</sup> are independently either alkyl or aralkyl groups containing from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. The polymeric source of formaldehyde is preferably paraformaldehyde.
Patent ZA-845400-B (ZA)
Title: Biologically active heptapeptides
Inventor: CASTIGLIONE ROBERTO DE
IPC: A23K1/16
Filed: 1984-07-12
Abstract: There are provided peptides of the formula X-Val-Pro-Leu-Gly-Trp-A-Y wherein X represents a hydrogen atom or a terminal nitrogen protecting group, A represents a neutral L- alpha -amino acid residue and Y represents OH, NH2 or a group of the formula OR, NHR, NR2 or NHNHR' wherein R represents a C1-C11 alkyl group optionally substituted, a C7-C14 aralkyl or a phenyl group and R' represents H, any of the groups which R may represent or a protecting group. Pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt of these peptides are also provided, as are pharmaceutical or veterinary compositions containing peptides or their salts. The peptides which can be prepared by classical solution synthesis, display useful activity on the central nervous system and are active as growth promotors.
Patent ZA-845522-B (ZA)
Title: Manufacturing steel concrete reinforcements on a high speed rod rolling mill
Inventor: ECONOMOPOULOS MARIOS
IPC: C21D8/08
Filed: 1984-07-17
Abstract: Steel concrete-reinforcing rod is manufactured on a high speed rod rolling mill including a finisher followed by a cooling device for superficial quenching. The traction applied to the product leaving the finisher and approaching the cooling device is arranged to be appropriate to the correct advancement of the rod, by increasing the drive force of the rod and/or reducing the braking forces produced in the cooling device. Braking force in the cooling device can be reduced by introducing air into the cooling water.
Patent ZA-849547-B (ZA)
Title: Equipment for the thermal regeneration of dry,pulverulent spent carbonaceous adsorbents and process for thermal regeneration using this equipment
Inventor: SCHULZ PETER
IPC: C01B31/08
Filed: 1984-12-07
Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the regeneration of adsorbent particles containing carbon in which the particles are introduced into downwardly moving shafts of a fluidized quartz sand bed spaced along a regenerator and are then deflected downwardly at the bottoms of the shaft by rhomboidal guide segments. The regenerated particles are withdrawn in a gas stream from above the bed and the gas is separated from the particles.
Patent ZA-854683-B (ZA)
Title: New 8-alkylthio-2-piperazino-pyrimido(5,4-d)pyrimidines,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds
Inventor: ROCH JOSEF
IPC: A61K31/505
Filed: 1985-06-21
Abstract: The invention relates to new compounds of general formula    <IMAGE> (I)  wherein R1 represents an alkyl group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted (except at the  alpha carbon atom) by a hydroxy group, or represents a cycloalkyl group or an allyl, phenyl or benzyl group, R3 represents an allyl group, an alkyl group optionally substituted (except at the  alpha  carbon atom) by a hydroxy group, or represents a cycloalkyl group or R2 and R3 together with the nitrogen atom between them represent a straight-chained alkyleneimino group, the acid addition salts thereof, particularly the acid addition salts thereof with physiologically acceptable inorganic or organic acids which have valuable pharmacological properties, particularly a metastasis-inhibiting effect based on their selective tumour-PDE inhibiting effect, and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds or the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The new compounds may be prepared according to methods known for analogous compounds.
Patent ZA-859465-B (ZA)
Title: Mineral fibre based absorbent material
Inventor: GUYOT DANIEL
IPC: A61L15/00
Filed: 1985-12-22
Abstract: A fibrous mineral material serving as an absorbent, especially for hygienic products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, bandages and similar products, is comprised at least partially of these mineral fibers, which have a specific surface area greater than 0.25 m2/g. The material has an appreciably greater absorption capacity than the regularly-used cellulose fluff-based products.
Patent ZA-874787-B (ZA)
Title: Method of and means for producing reinforced ribbed structures
IPC: B29C63/08
Filed: 1987-07-02
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AU87/00190 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 3, 1988 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 3, 1988 PCT Filed Jun. 30, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/00129 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 14, 1988.The method of reinforcing a structure formed by interengaging the edges of ribbed strip (1) formed of a plastics material to form a helically wound tube, the strip (1) comprising a plurality of the ribs (2) spaced apart and upstanding from a base (24), characterized by engaging on the strip (1) a non-planar reinforcing member (10), and locking the reinforcing member (10) to the strip to form an attached strength member to attain lateral stability of the ribs.
Patent ZA-911133-B (ZA)
Title: Highly concentrated emulsifiable concentrates of neophanes and azaneophanes for use in plant protection
Inventor: ROECHLING HANS
IPC: A01N43/40
Filed: 1991-02-15
Abstract: Highly concentrated emulsifiable concentrates of compounds of the general formula I <IMAGE>  in which     A and B independently of one another are CH, CR4, N,   X = CH2, O, S,   Y = CH, N,   Z is H, F, R1 and R4 independently of one another are H, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkyl, (C1-C3)-haloalkyl, (C1-C3)-alkoxy, (C1-C3)-haloalkoxy, (C1-C4)-alkylthio, (C1-C4)-haloalkylthio or R1 and R4 together are -CH2-O-CH2-;   R2 = H, (C1-C3)-alkyl, ethinyl, vinyl, halogen, cyano,   R3 = H, halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C3)-alkoxy and   M = C or Si, characterised in that they contain a combination of an anionic and a non-ionic emulsifier with a (C2-C16)-alkanol, have not only a very good spontaneous emulsifiability but also a very good emulsion stability.
Patent ZA-926122-B (ZA)
Title: Process for the production of human protein containing preserved medicaments for infusion or injection purposes
Inventor: WOOG HEINRICH
IPC: A61K47/12
Filed: 1992-08-14
Abstract: Prepn. of a pharmaceutical (I), contg. human protein for use as an injection or infusion soln. comprises adding at least one preservative in a concn. of up to 2% during the prepn. of (I) and opt. removing this before the prepn. of a storage stable (I) formulation. Pref. preservative has a low allergy rate and need not be removed and also has low reactivity towards the human prepn. The preservative is esp. chlorobutanol, benzylalcohol and/or benzalkonium chloride, if it is to remain in (I), or benzylalcohol, p-chloro-m-cresol or esp. pref. chloreton or pyrocarbonic acid dialkyl ester if it is to be removed, in which case the contact time between preservative and human protein is brief. The human protein is a polypeptide with erythropoietin-like action. The preservative is used in a concn. of 0.1-0.31 and the pH is 4.5-7.4. The buffer capacity of the (I) formulaton is up to 2mVal/l and the titration acidity is upto 5mVal/l. The buffer substance is tolerated by the body, eg., glycocol, sodium citrate, prim. potassium phosphate, sec. sodium phosphate, carbonate, salts of aminoacids, sodium and potassium salts of malic acid etc.
Patent ZA-933100-B (ZA)
Title: Enantiomers derived from (S)-2-amino-2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1-propanol
Inventor: AUBARD GILBERT
IPC: C07C31/10
Filed: 1993-05-03
Abstract: Enantiomers of absolute (S) configuration of formula (I) <IMAGE> in which R is H or methyl, with antiallergic, especially antihistamine activity, usable in the form of medications.
Patent ZA-936094-B (ZA)
Title: Ophthalmological preparation.
Inventor: LEHMUSSAARI KARI
IPC: A61P27/06
Filed: 1993-08-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to an eye drop formulation, which, in combination, comprises a single polymer, pilocarpine, a beta-blocking agent and an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier wherein the pH of the formulation is from 3.5 to 5.8 and the viscosity is from 10 to 25000 mPas.
Patent ZA-956709-B (ZA)
Title: Ionene polymers containing biologically-active anions
Inventor: WARD JAMES A
IPC: A01N31/08
Filed: 1995-08-11
Abstract: Ionene polymers having biologically-active organic and/or inorganic anions are described. Methods to prepare the ionene polymers, compositions containing them and their methods of use are also described.
Patent ZA-956720-B (ZA)
Title: Upward deflecting support disk for electrochemical cell seal
Inventor: PALMA CHRISTOPHER L DE
IPC: H01M50/186
Filed: 1995-08-11
Abstract: A metal support disk useful in sealing an electrochemical cell exerts a resilient outward radial force against the seal to assure seal integrity over a wide temperature range and exerts an upward force against an adjacent metal end cap terminal to assure continued mechanical and electrical contact with the terminal. The support is a stepped disk having a centrally located, shallow, cylindrical pill-box, with the bottom of the pill-box extending radially outward into an annular ring. A spring means in the form of an S-shaped rim extends down from the periphery of the ring, terminating at its bottom in an outward extending flange. The edge of the flange presses a plastic seal member against the inside wall of the cell to form the seal.
Patent ZA-963392-B (ZA)
Title: Triggered active packagig material
Inventor: ALBERT CANDIERA TAITH
IPC: C08K9/10
Filed: 1996-04-29
Abstract: Oxygen scavenging can lining materials are disclosed. The oxygen scavenging materials comprise at least one compound oxidizable by molecular oxygen, wherein the at least one compound is contained within microcapsules which are rendered oxygen permeable by contact with aqueous can contents.
Patent GB-2355357-B (GB)
Title: Scan system and method for scanning images to an online web page
Inventor: CHALSTROM ROBERT E
IPC: H04N1/00
Filed: 2000-08-02
Granted: 2003-12-17
Abstract: A system and method provide users the ability to quickly and efficiently transfer images from a scanner to an online web page. In particular, the system can be implemented as follows. A scanner scans an image in order to generate a scanned image. A transferring mechanism takes the scanned image generated by said scanner, and transfers the scanned image to a web device for storage. The web device is located on and accessed by a network. The web device manages and stores scanned images.</PTEXT>
Patent GB-2375289-B (GB)
Title: Cabinet
Inventor: SCHNABEL JOHN DAVID
IPC: A47B96/14
Filed: 1998-12-30
Granted: 2002-12-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of hanging a vertical side panel (26) of an electrical cabinet which method involves engaging a hook (47) of electrical cabinet with a cutout (46) of the side panel (26) and then slightly raising the side panel (26) while pushing the same inwardly towards the cabinet before lowering the side panel (26) downwardly onto the hook (41). <IMAGE>The present invention relates to a method of hanging a vertical side panel (26) of an electrical cabinet which method involves engaging a hook (47) of electrical cabinet with a cutout (46) of the side panel (26) and then slightly raising the side panel (26) while pushing the same inwardly towards the cabinet before lowering the side panel (26) downwardly onto the hook (41). <IMAGE>
Patent GB-2084149-B (GB)
Title: 4-o substituted-2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside derivatives their preparation and formulations containing them
IPC: C07H15/22
Filed: 1981-09-21
Granted: 1984-08-15
Abstract: Novel compounds are disclosed which are 2 min -N-acylated or 2 min -N-alkylated derivatives of a 4-O-substituted-2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycoside selected from the group consisting of:  apramycin,   alpha  or  beta -(C1 to C6 alkyl)aprosaminide,   alpha  or  beta -(C2 to C6 hydroxyalkyl)aprosaminide,   alpha  or  beta -(C2 to C6 aminoalkyl)aprosaminide, alpha  or  beta -(C2 to C6 protected aminoalkyl)aprosaminide,  alpha or  beta -(C3 to C6 aminohydroxyalkyl)aprosaminide,  alpha  or  beta -(C3 to C6 (protected amino)hydroxyalkyl)aprosaminide, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salt thereof; wherein the acyl or alkyl substituent group is selected from the group consisting of gamma -amino- alpha -hydroxybutyryl,  gamma -protected amino- alpha -hydroxybutyryl,  beta -amino- alpha -hydroxypropionyl,  beta -protected amino- alpha -hydroxypropionyl, glycyl, N-protected glycyl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-3-carbonyl, N-protected 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-3-carbonyl, 3-hydroxyazetidine-3-carbonyl, N-protected 3-hydroxyazetidine-3-carbonyl, 2-hydroxy-2-(azetidin-3-yl)acetyl, N-protected 2-hydroxy-2-(azetidin-3-yl)acetyl, 4-amino-2-hydroxybulyl, 3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-3-methylene, 3-hydroxyazetidine-3-methylene, 2-hydroxy-2-(azetidin-3-yl)ethyl, C2 to C4 alkyl, C3 to C5 allyl, benzyl and substituted benzyl. They are useful for treating warm blooded animals suffering from bacterial diseases. They and 2 min -N-acylated and 2 min -N-alkylated derivatives of lividamine, paromamine and the 6 min -N-protected derivatives of nebramine, neamine, gentamine C1, gentamine C1a, gentamine C2, gentamine C2a, and gentamine C2b, and pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts thereof can be prepared by reacting the corresponding aminoglycoside substrate with a nickel salt Ni (X2), X being C1 to C10 carboxylate, in water, diluting with a polar organic solvent, treating with an alkylating agent or acylating agent, optionally, deprotecting the amino or N-protected substituents, optionally, reducing carbonyl portions of an acyl group, and recovering as a free base or as a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salt.
Patent GB-2141134-B (GB)
Title: Foaming liquid detergent composition
Inventor: LAI KUO-YANN
IPC: C11D3/37
Filed: 1984-06-06
Granted: 1986-11-05
Abstract: A foaming light duty aqueous liquid detergent composition especially useful for hand dishwashing containing 5 to 50 wt. % of non-cationic detergent active material, optional foam boosters and hydrotropes, and 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a cationic foam-stabilizing copolymer containing a major weight proportion of units derived from acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, about 0.5 to 2 wt. % of quaternary nitrogen as present in quaternary ammonium groups, and about 0.1 to 10 wt. % of pendant C8-24 hydrophobic, preferably alkyl groups. Said quaternary ammonium group-containing monomer has the formula   <IMAGE>   wherein R1 is H or CH3, R2 and R3 are independently C1-4 alkyls, R4 is C1-4 akyl, C2-3 hydroxyalkyl, or benzyl R2, R3 and R4 together contain less than 9 carbon atoms, Z is a water-solubilizing salt-forming anion, and M may be -CO-X-, then X is -O- or -NR5-, R5 is H or C1-4 alkyl and x is 1-6, or M may be phenylene then x is 1, said hydrophobic group-containing monomer has the formula   <IMAGE> wherein R1 is H or CH3, X is -O- or -NR7-, Y is -C2H4O- or -C3H7O-, Y is 0-60, when X is -O-, R6 is C8-24 hydrocarbyl, and when X is -NR7-, R6 is C1-24 hydrocarbyl and R7 is H or C1-24 hydrocarbyl, at least one of R6 and R7 being C8-24 hydrocarbyl.
Patent HU-219231-B (HU)
Title: N-5-protected 2,5-diamino-4,6-dichloro-pyrimidine derivatives , process for producing them and intermediates
Inventor: DR PREVIDOLI FELIX
IPC: C07D239/48
Filed: 1993-01-22
Abstract: N-5-protected 2,5-diamino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine derivs. of formula (I) are new: (where R = CF3 or alkoxy).
Patent HU-218059-B (HU)
Title: Circulating fluidized bed reactor, and method for controlling the bed temperature in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
Inventor: ALEXANDER KIPLIN C
IPC: B01J8/32
Filed: 1995-01-26
Abstract: Bed temperature in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor is controlled by varying a recirculation rate of particles collected by a secondary particle separator back to the CFB reactor. Particle storage means, sized to contain sufficient inventory required for bed inventory/temperature control due to fuel/sorbent variations and/or load changes, stores particles collected by the secondary particle separator. The storage means can be either directly below the secondary particle separator or at a remote location. Particles collected by the secondary particle separator rather than by the primary particle separator are preferred due to their smaller size and lower temperature. A bed temperature control system controls the recirculation rate of these particles back to the reactor. Level sensing devices are provided on the storage means. A solids storage level control system that interacts with the bed temperature control system controls the solids inventory in the storage means via a purge system.
Patent HU-220410-B (HU)
Inventor: FORIS ZSIGMOND
IPC: A01K83/00
Filed: 1998-04-22
Abstract: A találmány hőrgászszerelék, amelynek főzsinórja (1) hajlékőny, elemiszálakból álló, lágyszövésű köplizett zsinórból van. A köplizettfőzsinórra (1) meghatárőzőtt távőlság(ők)ban a köplizett főzsinór (1)hősszirányában elhelyezett ütköző csőnek (2) vannak rögzítve. Azütköző csőnek (2) a rögzítése a köplizett főzsinőrra (1) előnyösenragasztással van megőldva. Az ütköző csövek (2) között a köplizettfőzsinórhőz (1) előke (8) és önetető (5) és/vagy más nehezékcsatlakőzik ŕ
Patent HU-219878-B (HU)
Inventor: OFNER HUBERT
IPC: C02F1/40
Filed: 1998-11-05
Abstract: Iszap- és olajleválasztó szennyvízhez, amely rendelkezik egy túlfolyófelett durvaleválasztó térhez csatlakozó finomleválasztó térrel, amelylemez leválasztóberendezésen (8) keresztül egy túlfolyóoldaliolajleválasztó kamrára (9) és egy lefolyóval ellátott kifolyókamráravan felosztva, ahol a lemez leválasztóberendezés (8) egy, a kamrákatösszekötő, az áramlási irányban lefelé rézsútos áramlási csatornát(12) foglal össze, amely áramlási csatorna több, egymás felettelhelyezett, áramlással párhuzamos leválasztólemezzel (13)rendelkezik. Hogy kevés forrást felhasználó, egyszerűen szerelhetőlemez leválasztóberendezést (8) érjenek el, ez egy, a finomleválasztótérbe behelyezhető válaszfalból (15) áll, amely egy felvevőnyílást(16) és annak oldalélei mentén keresztben a válaszfalhoz elnyúlófelvevőpofákat (17) képez éllekerekítésekkel (18) a leválasztólemezek(13) felvételéhez, amely leválasztólemezek (13) ferdén afelvevőnyílásban (16) és a felvevőpofák (17) között ülnek és amegfelelő felső rááramlási éleikkel (20) a lemezlejtéshez képestellenkező értelműen futó felületet (E) határoznak meg. ŕ
Patent IT-1232497-B (IT)
Title: Vertical multiple aerial
Inventor: FURIO AMBROGI
IPC: H01Q/
Filed: 1989-08-02
Granted: 1992-02-17
Abstract: The invention refers to a vertical multiple aerial, able to receive radio and television programs from any direction, in a frequency field between 40 and 900 MHz. The aerial, according to the invention, has two vertical slot aerials (11, 21), one over the other, with different placements, so that their lying points form a 90 degrees angle. Moreover, according to the invention, said slot aerials (11, 21) are associated to a non-periodic parallel antenna (50) (Figure 2)
Patent IT-1213966-B (IT)
Title: Foodstuffs shaping and mesh packaging machine
Inventor: BOLZACCHINI ALDO
IPC: A22C/
Filed: 1987-12-21
Granted: 1990-01-05
Abstract: The system generates a digital pixel image in a framestore memory (20) by expanding run-length encoded data stored in a command memory (22). Each pixel has a variable characteristic such as its colour, or its depth in a 3-D image. The value of the characteristic for each written pixel is determined from the run-length encoded characteristic. The value of the characteristic for each pixel in the run is determined from a reference parameter which determines the initial value of the characteristic, and a difference parameter which represents the change in the value along the length of the run. The coordinates of the pixel runs may be determined from the coordinates of a preceding run. The initial location and run length for each run are determined relative to the preceding run by delta parameters associated with the current run. The system generates linear colour blends and automatically depth-clips images being written into the framestore (20).
Patent IT-1174470-B (IT)
Title: Benzodioxan-dioxane sweetening agents
Inventor: MERLINI LUCIO
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1984-01-17
Granted: 1987-07-01
Abstract: Inductive heater for a plastics extruder (1), comprises a laminated core (2) supporting an induction winding (7). Rectangular tubing (6), (8) made of good heat conducting material forms a cooling fluid circulating system between the core and winding.
Patent IT-1183342-B (IT)
Title: Detergent compsn. contg. oil and emulsifier
Inventor: FERRO ANTONIO
IPC: A61K/
Filed: 1985-02-13
Granted: 1987-10-22
Abstract: A detergent compsn. contains an animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic oil, and an emulsifier. A mixt. of oils is used, forming 80-98 wt.% of the compsn. and opt. (partly) substd. by vegetable gelatin. Mineral oils are vaseline oil or silicone oil. Vegetable oils are oils of almond, maize, olive, walnut, soya, grape stone, sesame, peanut, coconut, avocado, sunflower or corn. Animal oils are turtle, vison, marmot or lanoline oil. Synthetic oils are isopropyl myristate, palmitate or stearate, octyl dodecanol, decyl oleate, derivs. of isostearic acid, diisopropyl adipate and myristyl lactate. The emulsifier may be anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric and includes fatty alcohol sulphates and derivs., derivs. of aminoacids or betaine, ethoxylates of fatty acids and alcohols, saccharose esters and polyethylene and polyoxypropylene derivs., the amt. is 2-20% of the compsn.
Patent IT-1204826-B (IT)
Inventor: CHIESI PAOLO
IPC: A61K9/72
Filed: 1986-03-04
Granted: 1989-03-10
Abstract: A new excipient which may be used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions in the form of powders for inhalation, constituted by microgranules of a conglomerate of one or more solid water-soluble diluents and a lubricant.
Patent IT-1229684-B (IT)
Inventor: BETTARINI FRANCO
IPC: C07D237/22
Filed: 1989-04-05
Granted: 1991-09-06
Abstract: Described are pyridazinones endowed with insecticidal and acaricidal activity which have the general formula: <CHEM> wherein the symbols have the meanings given in claim 1. a
Patent IT-1194557-B (IT)
Title: Reagent paper for detection of copper etc.
Inventor: OSTROVSKAYA VERA MIKHAILOVNA
IPC: G01N/
Filed: 1983-03-15
Granted: 1988-09-22
Abstract: Reagent paper is made by successive treatment of chromatographic suction filter paper with (1) an inorganic oxidising agent consisting of 0.5-10% aq. alkali dichromate soln. at pH 1.0-2.7 and with a soln. of heteryl- or arylhydrazine, and then with (2) a soln. of a diazotised amine in a mixt. of DMF and an aq. buffer soln. with a pH of 5-10, in a ratio of 1:0.5-1:10.