Patent GB-839825-A (GB)
Title: Production of copolymers
Inventor: WILLERSINN HERBERT
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1958-08-20
Abstract: The Specification comprises a copolymer of an unsaturated polyester, an unsaturated polymerizable vinyl or allyl compound, and a metal salt of an acid half-ester of an alpha-beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid in which the metal is a metal of Group Ib, IIa, IIb or IIIa of the Periodic System in its maximum valency.  The metals may be beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminium, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium or mercury.  The acid halfesters of alpha-beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids may be derived from maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, or citraconic acid; and from monohydric, saturated, straight-chained or branched aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic primary or secondary alcohols with preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms.  The alcohols may also be ethoxylated.  Such alcohols are normal propanol, isopropanol, normal butanol, alpha-ethyl hexanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, or alphaethylhexanol.  The unsaturated polyesters may be prepared from maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid with ethylene glycol, propane-diol, butene diol, butane diol, hexane diol, or 2,2-dimethylpropane diol; the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid may be replaced in part by saturated dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, alphamethyl glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic acid or tetrachlorphthalic acid.  The unsaturated monomeric polymerizable compounds may be styrene, halogenated styrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, divinyl succinate, divinyl sulphone, ethylvinyl sulphone, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl caprolactam, N-vinylcaprylic lactam, butyl vinyl ether, butane diol divinyl ether, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, alpha-chloracrylic ester, methacrylic acid, allyl acetate, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl maleate, diallylphthalate, diallyl terephthalate, diallyl endomethylene tetrahydrophthalate, diallyl ether, glycol diallyl ether, pentaerythritol, tetra-allyl ether or the tetra-allyl ether of tetramethylolacetylene diurea. Preferred mixtures consist of 10-90% of unsaturated polyesters, 90-10% of polymerizable monomeric compound and 0.1 to 40% of polymerizable metal soap.  For making lacquers the mix may contain 5-20% of benzene or toluene.  As polymerization catalyst there may be used ultra-violet light or perbenzoic acid, perlauric acid, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, ditertiary butyl peroxide, 2,21-ditertiary butyl peroxide butene, tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cyclohexane hydroperoxide, cyclohexanone peroxides, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tertiary butyl perbenzoate, tertiary butyl permaleate and ascaridol; the peroxides may be activated by heavy metal driers, amines, or phosphines.  The catalysts may also be azo di-isobutyronitrile, or azo-di-isobutyne acid diethyl ether. Preferred metal salts are the aluminium, mercury, silver, zinc, or copper salts of mono-alphaethyl hexyl-maleate, -fumarate, or -citraconates, these may be replaced by the aluminium soaps of the following half-esters; ethylene glycol mono-cyclohexyl ether maleate, ethylene glycol mono-phenyl ether maleate, ethylene glycol mono - mono - butyl maleate, normal butyl maleate, isopropyl maleate, cyclohexyl maleate, methylcyclohexyl maleate, benzyl maleate, phenylethyl maleate or phenylethyl fumarate, or aluminium soaps of maleic acid half-esters of mixtures of ethanol and methanol. Quartz and glass fibres may be added and the products may be used for boat bodies and for finishing coats for ships.