Patent GB-1026126-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to circuit arrangements for use in colour-television receivers
IPC: H04N9/24
Filed: 1962-12-12
Abstract: 1,026,126. Colour television receivers. PHILIP'S ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd. Dec. 12, 1962 [Dec. 15, 1961; Aug. 21, 1962], No. 46937/62. Heading H4F. The invention relates to reducing the delay time of a circuit arrangement which provides a signal of suitable phase and frequency for application to the control electrode 3 of a single-beam indexing tube 1 whose screen 3 is provided with run-in and main indexing strips, such a circuit having been described in Specification 986,017. The main index strips and groups of colour strips (triplets) are in the ratio 1 : k and if the frequency of the signal from the index strips is fi and fs is that of the output signal on which the colour signals have to be ultimately modulated before being applied to the control grid 3 then kfi = fs. Amplifier 8 is tuned to frequency fi so that it only passes this signal from photomultiplier 4 and amplifier 7 is tuned to a frequency fh which is the frequency from the run-in strips, fh = 1/# fs, # being   an integer. Frequency fi of the index signal is first multiplied by m in a frequency-multiplier stage 9 and then divided by n in a division stage 10, the division being effected with the aid of the run-in strips frequency fh to prevent ambiguities in the phase. A colour signal chr is then added to the signal of frequency m/n fi in device 11 either by direct conversion or indirect conversion. In the case of direct conversion the device 11 comprises two mixers in the first of which an auxiliary (NTSC) subcarrier signal of frequency fr, generated in the receiver and locked on to the sub-carrier burst, is added to the signal of frequency. m/n fi, giving   a resultant frequency m/n fiŒfr, in order to determine the desired phase relative to the video-detected incoming colour-signal fr+chr in which fr+chr denotes the chrominance signal chr modulated on a sub-carrier of frequency fr (which may be suppressed). In the second mixer fr+chr is subtracted (or added) therefrom so that the output signal of device 11   is m/n fi + chr. Alternatively the colour signal fr + chr may be applied to the first mixer and the auxiliary sub-carrier to the second mixer. In the case of indirect conversion the device 11 may comprise two push-pull mixers or modulators to which the colour signals which are video-detected and synchronously demodulated are applied, Figs. 5 and 6, not shown. The signal m/n fi+chr is subtracted from a signal of frequency mfi obtained through lead 13 in mixer   12 to obtain the signal mfi - m/n fi + chr. The car-     rier frequency mfi - m/n fi must equal the output signal frequency fs thus: m(l - l/n) = k. The output of mixer 12, fs+chr is then supplied to an adding stage 23 in which a monochrome signal M derived from a luminance signal Y with the aid of a M - Y correction signal is added to the signal fs+chr The phase compensating loop of the circuit arrangement, which prevents variations in the index frequency fi (resulting for example from fluctuations in the line deflection current) from causing phase errors in the output signal of frequency fs, comprises two branches, the first being constituted by division stage 10, the device 11 and the input of mixer 12, and the second by lead 13. The Specification includes a mathematical analysis of the phase errors arising from delay times T 1 , T 2  and T 3  where T 1  is the delay time between photomultiplier 4 and the input of division stage 10, T 2  is the delay in the first branch of the phase-conpensating loop and T 3  is the delay from and including the output circuit of mixer 12 up to and including the control grid 3, and shows that since variations in the index frequency fi and the resulting variations in the signal of frequency fs should not ultimately result in phase variation at the control grid 3: Thus for constant values for T 1  and T 3  the delay time T 2  must satisfy the above formula. The Specification shows that for the circuit arrangement to have favourable dynamic characteristics, i.e. having the total delay time T 1 +T 2 +T 3  a minimum, with T 2  satisfying the 2 3 2 3 above equation m = 2, k = - and n = - or m = 3 2 4 3 4, k = - and n = -, the former being preferable 3 2 since the multiplication factor is 2 instead of 4. The Specification includes an example of a circuit for direct conversion in which m = 2, 3 2 n = - and k = - (Fig. 2, not shown), and also a 2 3 detailed description of the doubling stage 9 (Figs. 3 and 4, not shown). An advantage of the circuit arrangement is that the frequency multiplication of the index signal causes the frequencies applied to the various mixers to become further removed from one another, so that single mixers may be used to filter out unwanted frequency components. The circuit arrangement of Fig. 5, not shown, may also be used for the reception of colour signals built up in accordance with the "SECAM" system (Registered Trade Mark) instead of the NTSC system in which case different signals are applied to the synchronous demodulators. In Fig. 5, the phase-compensating loop includes the division stage 10, the input of mixer 12, lead 13, a phase-shifting network and the parallel combination of two push-pull mixers. Although as described, the frequency multiplier 9 is a single frequency multiplier, it may comprise first and second frequency multiplier stages, each for multiplying by m and with their inputs connected together, one stage being in each branch of the phase-compensating loop. A modification of the circuit arrangement comprises transposing the multiplier stage in the first branch of the phase-compensating loop to a point between the division stage 10 and the mixers 11.