baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20160109841-A (KR)
Inventor: JO GUN
IPC: C08L97/02
Filed: 2015-03-13
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an eco-friendly packaging container. The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of low degradability of currently used disposable containers, which causes environmental pollution, and to reduce environmental pollution through high cost-efficiency, low weight and excellent degradability. The method according to the present invention comprises the continuous steps of: adding alum to main and side materials including finely cut hay or pulp as a main material in combination with corn powder or rice powder and starch as side materials and mixing the materials; introducing the mixed materials to a steamer and steaming the materials to a temperature of 120-180C to process the material into a semi-solid state; adding a foaming agent and coating agent thereto and further mixing the materials; introducing the resultant mixture to a hot wire mold and carrying out blow molding.
Patent KR-20160081741-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM HYOUNG HO
IPC: H04B17/40
Filed: 2015-03-24
Abstract: A device for measuring antenna isolation, which can measure isolation between a link antenna for receiving a signal from a base station and a service antenna for transmitting a signal to a mobile station, comprises: a delay unit for receiving an antenna receiving signal, which is received through the link antenna and digitally converted, and delaying the received antenna receiving signal by units of a preset sample; a correlation unit for receiving the antenna receiving signal and performing a correlation operation between the received antenna receiving signal and a delay signal delayed by the delay unit; and a control unit for determining the isolation between the link antenna and the service antenna based on the size of a cross-correlation value generated by the correlation operation of the correlation unit.
Patent KR-20160116931-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YONG UN
IPC: G11C29/10
Filed: 2015-03-31
Abstract: 테스트 효율이 향상되는 반도체 메모리 장치가 게시된다. 본 발명의 반도체 메모리 장치는 메모리 블락; 클락 신호에 동기되어, 상기 메모리 블락에 대한 테스트를 수행하여 제1 내지 제n(여기서, n은 2 이상의 자연수) 테스트 데이터를 패러럴(parrallel)로 발생하도록 구동되는 테스트 구동 블락; 및 상기 클락 신호에 동기되어 상기 제1 내지 제n 테스트 데이터를 확인하는 확인 출력 블락으로서, 상기 제1 내지 제n 테스트 데이터가 모두 양호 정보일 때, 테스트 핀을 통하여 패스 데이터를 제공하는 상기 확인 출력 블락으로서, 상기 제1 내지 제n 테스트 데이터 중의 적어도 어느하나가 불량 정보일 때, 상기 테스트 핀을 통하여 상기 제1 내지 제n 테스트 데이터를 시리얼(serial)로 제공하는 상기 확인 출력 블락을 구비한다. 본 발명의 반도체 메모리 장치에 의하면, 하나의 테스트 핀으로도 복수개의 테스트 데이터에 대한 결과를 패러럴로 확인할 수 있는 패러럴 테스트가 가능함으로써, 전체적으로 테스트 효율이 향상된다.
Patent KR-20160134988-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE JONG HO
IPC: G01N33/573
Filed: 2015-05-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening an agent for preventing, alleviating, or treating prehypertension or hypertension by using activities of palmitic amide, lysophosphatidylcholine, dihydrobiopterin, and Lp_PLA_2; and a method and a diagnosing kit for providing information needed for diagnosis or prognosis of prehypertension or hypertension. According to the present invention, a level of activities of palmitic amide, lysophosphatidylcholine, and Lp_PLA_2 is reduced in plasma of an object to which a prehypertension treating agent is administrated, and a level of dihydrobiopterin increases, so an agent for preventing, alleviating, or treating prehypertension or hypertension can be screened by using a change in activities of a plasma metabolite and Lp_PLA_2. Moreover, an increase in blood pressure has a positive correlation with a level of palmitic amide and lysophosphatidylcholine and activities of Lp-PLA_2, and has a negative correlation with a level of dihydrobiopterin. Accordingly, analyzed levels of a plasma metabolite or activities of Lp-PLA_2 can be useful in diagnosing prehypertension or hypertension.
Patent KR-20160134367-A (KR)
Inventor: YOON SUNG JUN
IPC: H04B17/24
Filed: 2015-05-15
Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a system for configuring a relay between a terminal and a network in device-to-device communication. The method for configuring a relay between a terminal and a network in device-to-device communication comprises: a step of selecting one or more terminals supporting device-to-device communication within network coverage of a base station as relay terminals; a step of assigning unique numbers to the terminals selected as the relay terminals and transmitting the unique numbers; a step where the relay terminals determine a PSSID based on the received unique numbers; a step where the relay terminals generate a PSBCH and a DM-RS linked to the PSBCH based on the PSSID; a step where the relay terminals transmit the generated PSBCH and the DM-RS linked to the PSBCH to a remote terminal to perform communication with the base station outside the network coverage; and a step where the remote terminal selects a terminal to communicate with the remote terminal among the relay terminals.
Patent KR-20160136003-A (KR)
Title: System and method for providing valet parking service
Inventor: PARK TAE HYUNG
IPC: G06Q50/30
Filed: 2015-05-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to a valet parking service providing system and a method thereof. The present invention provides a system for providing a valet parking service at a place that a driver selects without limitation of a place and a method thereof. The valet parking service providing system comprises: a user terminal configured to receive an image checking code given to vehicle outer appearance image data; a valet parking service providing server configured to transmit the image checking code to the user terminal; and a specific parking agent terminal configured to generate the vehicle outer appearance image data and transmit the vehicle outer appearance image data to the valet parking service providing server.
Patent KR-20160136818-A (KR)
Inventor: TENG CHING CHUNG
IPC: B60G17/048
Filed: 2015-05-21
Abstract: 차량이 서스펜션 기능을 구비한 동시에, 노면의 기울기에 따라서 차량을 횡 방향으로 지지해서 전도되는 것을 방지하는 차륜 현수기구를 제공한다. 차륜 현수기구는 좌측 외통체(1), 우측 외통체(2), 좌측 서스펜션(3), 우측 서스펜션(4) 및 제어 밸브(5)를 구비한다. 좌측 외통체(1)는 상단에 형성된 좌측 접속구(11)와, 하단에 형성된 좌측 서스펜션 접속구(12)를 가지며, 프레임에 추착하기 위해서 이용한다. 우측 외통체(2)는 상단에 형성된 우측 접속구(21)와, 하단에 형성된 우측 서스펜션 접속구(22)를 가지며, 프레임에 추착하기 위해서 이용한다. 좌측 서스펜션(3)은 하단이 좌측 차륜 프레임에 추착된다. 좌측 차륜 프레임은 프레임에 추착된다. 좌측 서스펜션(3)의 상부 외측 측벽면은 좌측 서스펜션 접속구(12)를 통하여 좌측 외통체(1)의 하부 내면 측벽면에 가동 가능하게 계합된다.
Patent KR-20160136912-A (KR)
Title: Electronic device and method for operating the same
Inventor: KIM JAE HONG
IPC: G01D21/02
Filed: 2015-05-21
Abstract: Provided is an electronic device which comprises: a display; a sensor sensing pressure applied from an object placed on the display and a contact surface which is in contact with the display; and a processor calculating a weight of the object in accordance with pressure information received from the sensor, determining identification information of the object in accordance with contact surface information received from the sensor, and processing guide information based on the weight and the identification information.
Patent KR-20160139464-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO JI HOON
IPC: G01S13/93
Filed: 2015-05-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for detecting a horizontal angle of a radar for a vehicle, capable of notifying whether horizontal angle detection of a radar is passed or fails when the radar is mounted in a vehicle assembling process. According to the present invention, the device for detecting a horizontal angle of a radar for a vehicle comprises a horizontal angle calculation part, a control part and a horizontality detection notifying part. The horizontal angle calculation part calculates a horizontality detection angle of a reference target from a received reflection radar signal. The control part performs a control operation to calculate a reception power average value of reflection radar signals received for a predetermined period, compare the calculated reception power average value with a reception power critical value of each angle to set a detection difficulty horizontal angle area, and notify a failure of horizontal angle detection of the radar when the horizontality detection angle exists in the detection difficulty horizontal angle area. The horizontality detection notifying part notifies the failure of the horizontal angle detection of the radar in accordance with the control operation of the control part.
Patent KR-20160139939-A (KR)
Title: Color filter and the manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: PARK SEONG HO
IPC: G02F1/1335
Filed: 2015-05-29
Abstract: The present invention relates to a color filter and a manufacturing method thereof. The color filter can obtain uniformity of liquid crystal driving and a clear image by preventing a pattern width (PW) step and can simultaneously realize a micro-pattern and achieve a high contrast ratio through a black matrix layer formed in a reverse taper type.
Patent KR-20160140172-A (KR)
Inventor: IM DONG HYUCK
IPC: B66B3/00
Filed: 2015-05-29
Abstract: 승강기의 예측된 무게를 이용한 승강기 탑승 가능 여부 알림 장치 및 방법이 개시된다. 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 승강기의 예측된 무게를 이용한 승강기 탑승 가능 여부 알림 장치는 승강기 내부 무게 및 각 층별 대기 인원들의 무게를 측정하는 측정부; 상기 대기 인원들의 무게, 상기 승강기 내부 무게 및 탑승 시간에 상응하는 확률에 기반하여 대기 인원이 탑승한 경우의 승강기 내부 무게를 예측하는 예측부; 및 상기 예측된 승강기 내부 무게에 기반하여 상기 승강기의 탑승 가능 여부를 판단하고, 판단 결과를 출력하는 판단부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20160141430-A (KR)
Inventor: GU YUN SUH
IPC: B42D1/00
Filed: 2015-06-01
Abstract: 본 발명의 과학 실험 교재는, 실험하고자 하는 목표를 게재하는 실험 목표 게재부; 스마트폰으로 QR 코드를 찍으면 해당 실험 동영상이 제공되는 QR 코드를 포함하는 실험 준비 게재부; 과학, 기술, 공학, 예술, 수학의 조합으로 과학 기술에 대한 흥미와 이해도를 높이고 과학 기술에 기반한 융합적 사고를 갖게 하는 실험하기 게재부; 중요한 내용만을 간결하고 알기 쉽게 정리한 개념 정리 게재부; 실험에 대한 원리를 담아 실험의 이해력을 돕고, 또한 실험을 예측하고 설계 기초 지식을 쌓을 수 있도록 한 실험 원리 게재부; 및 실험 후 자신의 생각을 정리해서 표현하는 실험보고서 게재부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 또한, 각 단원마다의 이해를 평가하기 위한 단원 평가 게재부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 
본 발명은 아주 단순한 구성의 교재이면서도 학습 효과를 높이고  주로 미취학 아동이나 초등학생들이 흥미를 갖고 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 과학 실험 교재를 제공할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20160142175-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM TAE WON
IPC: G01J1/02
Filed: 2015-06-02
Abstract: 광학 센서 패키지가 개시된다.본 발명의 광학 센서 패키지는 베이스 기판, 상기 베이스 기판의 상면에 결합된 발광부, 상기 베이스 기판의 상면에 상기 발광부와 소정의 거리로 이격되어 결합된 수광부 및 상기 발광부가 수용되는 제1 개구부 및 상기 수광부가 수용되는 제2 개구부가 형성되고, 상기 제1 개구부 및 상기 제2 개구부 사이를 차폐하는 차폐벽을 구비하고, 상기 베이스 기판과 결합하는 커버부를 포함하고, 상기 제1 개구부의 내측면의 적어도 일부는 상기 발광부가 생성하는 광에 대한 반사율이 45%이상인 반사면으로 형성될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20160142962-A (KR)
Title: Biomarker for diagnosing or prognosing cancer and uses thereof
Inventor: LEE EUN KYUNG
IPC: G01N33/574
Filed: 2015-06-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition, a kit and a method for estimating diagnosis or prognosis of cancer by measuring an expression level of T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) or mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) from a biological sample.
Patent KR-20160149481-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE TAEK KYUN
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 2015-06-18
Abstract: 본 발명은 뉴클레아제 보호 분석 통합 샌드위치 혼성을 사용하는 차토넬라 마리나 검출방법 및 검출용 키트에 관한 것으로, 구체적으로 뉴클레아제 보호 분석 탐침(nuclease protection assay probe), 포획탐침(capture probe) 및 신호탐침(signal probe)을 사용하여 뉴클레아제 보호 분석 통합 샌드위치 혼성(sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay, NPA-SH)을 수행함으로써 시료에 함유된 차토넬라 마리나를 검출하는 방법과 이를 위한 키트에 관한 것이다. 
본 발명에 따르면 차토넬라 마리나를 시료로부터 매우 정확하게 다른 미세조류에 구분되도록 검출해 낼 수 있으며, 정량적인 검출도 가능하다. 따라서 차토넬라 마리나의 대발생 가능성을 예측할 수 있으며, 이에 대비함으로써 안정한 해양생태계를 유지하는데 큰 도움이 될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 어업, 양식업 등의 예측하지 못한 피해를 줄이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Patent KR-20160149871-A (KR)
Title: Evaporative humidifier
Inventor: JANG EOM JI
IPC: F24F6/00
Filed: 2015-06-19
Abstract: A guide part to draw water from a water tank and supply the water to one side or both sides of a humidifying element is formed on a frame to support the humidifying element. A support rib to support the humidifying element and a connection rib to connect the support rib are prepared on the frame. The support rib and the connection rib play not only a part to support the humidifying element but also a part of a waterway to uniformly spread the water of the water tank on one side or both sides of the humidifying element. Therefore, the manufacturing costs of the humidifying element assembly are reduced because the number of components is reduced in comparison with an existing method to supply the water by dropping the water to the upper edge side of the humidifying element and humidifying efficiency is improved by increasing efficiency to supply the water to the humidifying element.
Patent KR-20150083819-A (KR)
Title: hard disk phone case
Inventor: KIM JI MIN
IPC: H04M1/02
Filed: 2015-06-29
Abstract: People sometimes forget to bring an external hard disk since they carry their external hard disks separately. However, it is common for people to bring their cell phones, and therefore, if they carry their external hard disks being attached on their phone cases, it solves the inconvenience of carrying an external hard disk separately. The case is also to protect a phone, the outside is covered with leather and a metal plate is provided inside.
Patent KR-20170002859-A (KR)
Title: 컴퓨터를 포함하는 선택적 레이져 소결(sls)방식의 3차원 조형물 제작장치 및 방법
Inventor: JOO SEUNG HWAN
IPC: B33Y30/00
Filed: 2015-06-30
Abstract: 본 발명은 레이저나 전자빔을 이용해서 분말재료를 소결하고, 또한 물체 외면은 정밀하게 적층하고, 내부는 고속으로 적층하여 신속하게 3차원 물체를 제조할 수 있는 컴퓨터를 포함하는 선택적 레이져 소결(SLS)방식의 3차원 조형물 제작장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20170004606-A (KR)
Title: Conducting polymer compound, and organic electronic device comprising the same
Inventor: PARK TAI HO
IPC: C08G61/12
Filed: 2015-07-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive polymer represented by chemical formula 1. Particularly, the present invention relates to a conductive polymer compound comprising thienothiophene having high conductivity and dialkoxybenzene for supplementing solubility introduced into the molecule. According to the present invention, the interaction between the sulfur (S) atom of the thienothiophene and the oxygen (O) atom of the dialkoxybenzene introduced to the conductive polymer compound improves the planarity and ensures high solubility. In addition, when the conductive polymer compound is introduced to an organic electronic device, such as an organic solar cell or an organic field effect transistor, it is possible to improve the hole transportability of an organic active layer. In addition, when the organic active layer is applied to the organic electronic device, it is possible to accomplish high efficiency of the device.
Patent KR-20170004695-A (KR)
Title: Watch type terminal
Inventor: LEE YONG HO
IPC: G04G17/06
Filed: 2015-07-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a watch type terminal which includes a main body and a strip connected to the main body. The strap includes one or more modules with specific functions and one or more divided straps receiving one or more modules, respectively. The module is electrically connected to the divided strap. Accordingly, a user can easily implement a desired function by selectively attaching or detaching the modules with various functions to or frame the strap.
Patent KR-20170005580-A (KR)
Title: System and method for simplified payment service
Inventor: KIM BYUNG HYUN
IPC: G06Q20/38
Filed: 2015-07-06
Abstract: The present invention relates to an easy payment service providing system providing an easy payment service in connection with a shopping mall server and a card company server. Provided are the easy payment service providing system including: an easy payment information generation part generating easy payment information in connection with the card company server on the basis of user payment information received through the shopping mall server; a divided information generation part generating first easy payment information and second easy payment information on the basis of the easy payment information; an easy payment information management part transmitting the first easy payment information to the shopping mall server and storing and managing the second easy payment information; and an easy payment processing part which receives the first easy payment information from the shopping mall server, generates a payment approval preamble on the basis of the first easy payment information and the second easy payment information, transmits the payment approval preamble to the card company server in case a password for easy payment is received from a user terminal, and receives a payment response signal from the card company server, and a method using the same.
Patent KR-20170005707-A (KR)
Title: Screen window frame which is useful to install screen
Inventor: KIM SUN YEE
IPC: E06B9/52
Filed: 2015-07-06
Abstract: According to the present invention, a screen window frame (100) comprises: a frame body (10) having a screen fixing groove (60) formed on one surface thereof; and a wedge means (20) installed to be inserted into the screen fixing groove (60) to push a screen (200) into the screen fixing groove (60). Sawteeth (12, 122) are formed on the screen fixing groove (60) and the wedge means (20) and meshed with each other. According to the present invention, since the screen (200) is firmly fixed and installed in a taut state simply by pushing and inserting the wedge means (20) into the screen fixing groove (60), installation work is very convenient. Since the entire screen window frame (100) does not need to be removed when replacing the screen (200), replacement work is very convenient. Also, a flexible screen can be easily and tautly installed by adjusting an insertion depth of the wedge means (20).
Patent KR-20160008463-A (KR)
Title: Self-calibration for haptic devices
Inventor: STAHLBERG KURT EERIK
IPC: G06F3/01
Filed: 2015-07-07
Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and apparatuses using feedback from internal sensors to control haptic effect outputs. One embodiment provides a method for generating a haptic output effect in an apparatus having a haptic effect output device. The haptic effect output is disclosed by using the haptic effect output device. The method comprises the steps of: receiving feedback data from an input sensor; comparing the feedback data from the input sensor with predicted results of the haptic effect output; adjusting motion parameters of the haptic effect output device; and continuing haptic effect output.
Patent KR-20170006394-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK JAY
IPC: H02J7/02
Filed: 2015-07-08
Abstract: A method of operating a wireless power transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of receiving unique information (RXID) from a wireless power receiving apparatus, a step of determining the size of the wireless power receiving apparatus based on unique information (RXID) and a step of selecting one of a plurality of transmission coils according to the size of the wireless power receiving apparatus. So, power can be transmitted according to the size of the wireless power receiving apparatus.
Patent KR-20160103901-A (KR)
Inventor: CHERN CHAN HONG
IPC: H03K19/0185
Filed: 2015-07-08
Abstract: A circuit includes a first power node, an output node, a driver transistor which is coupled between the first power node and the output node, and a contending circuit. The driver transistor is configured to be turned on in response to an edge of an input signal of a first type and be turned off in response to an edge of an input signal in a second type. The driver transistor includes a drain, a gate, and a source coupled to the first power node. The contending circuit includes: a control circuit which is configured to generate a control signal based on a signal in a gate of the driver transistor; and a contending transistor between the drain of the driver transistor and a second voltage. The contending transistor includes another gate configured to receive the control signal.
Patent KR-20170011398-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SHIN HO
IPC: B08B3/14
Filed: 2015-07-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for washing pets. More specifically, the present invention relates to a washing apparatus designed to wash pets in a way that washing water is sprinkled to the pets using a sprinkler, thereby allowing a user to wash the pets in a short period of time in a convenient way. Additionally, by reusing the washing water, it is possible to reduce consumption of water and detergents. The present invention further relates to a method therefor.
Patent KR-20170016561-A (KR)
Title: Compact container including pump and ring button member having short stroke
Inventor: LEE DO HOON
IPC: B65D83/00
Filed: 2015-08-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a compact container comprising a pump having a short stroke and a ring button member and, more specifically, to a compact container comprising a pump having a short stroke and a ring button member. The compact container comprises: an inner container (30); a pump support (40); a pump (50); a distribution plate (60); and a ring button member (70).
Patent KR-20170016655-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM NAK HYEON
IPC: A47K3/12
Filed: 2015-08-04
Abstract: Disclosed is a bathtub capable of controlling a water temperature of water. The bathtub comprises: a bathtub body having a space in which an upper surface is opened and a human body being able to be laid which is able to store water in the space; a circulation line circulating water stored in the space to the outside, supplying circulated water back to an internal space; and a temperature regulator installed in the circulation line, regulating a temperature of water circulated in the circulation line.
Patent KR-20170018681-A (KR)
Title: 농업용 차량의 분무기 동력전달장치
Inventor: KIM MOON SU
IPC: F16H7/08
Filed: 2015-08-10
Abstract: 본 발명은 차량(10)의 하부 일측에 설치하는 엔진(20); 차량(10)의 하부 타측에 설치하는 분무기(30); 상기 엔진(20)의 구동축에 장착하는 구동체(21)와 상기 분무기(30)의 회전축에 장착하는 회전체(31)의 사이를 연결하는 연결체(40); 상기 분무기(30)를 상부에 설치하여 차량(10)의 하부 타측에 탈착할 수 있도록 마련하는 몸체(110); 상기 몸체(110)의 상부 일측에 형성하여 상기 연결체(40)의 장력을 조절하기 위한 장력조절부(120); 상기 장력조절부(120)의 일측에 연결하는 연결부재(130); 상기 차량(10)의 상부 일측에 설치하여 사용자의 조작으로 상기 연결부재(130)를 상하방향으로 이동시켜 상기 장력조절부(120)를 작동하기 위한 조작부(140)를 포함하는 농업용 차량의 분무기 동력전달장치를 제공하기 위한 것으로, 본 발명은 엔진의 동력을 원활하게 분무기에 전달 또는 차단하여 작업효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는다. 특히 본 발명은 분무기를 쉽게 교체 및 설치할 수 있으므로 사용효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는다. 또한, 본 발명은 엔진과 분무기의 사이를 연결하는 연결체의 장력을 조절하여 구조가 간단하며 원활한 동력전달을 할 수 있는 효과를 갖는다. 아울러 본 발명은 연결체의 장력을 신속하게 해지할 수 있으므로 엔진과 사용하지 않은 분무기의 사이의 동력을 차단하여 오작동 및 안전사고를 사전에 방지할 수 있는 효과를 갖는다.
Patent KR-20170019557-A (KR)
Inventor: GU BON CHEOL
IPC: G06F9/54
Filed: 2015-08-11
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating a computing device including a storage device with a non-volatile memory device, a buffer memory, and a controller. The method for operating the present invention comprises the steps of: generating an application instance in the storage device based on a storage instance generated in the storage device; and executing the application instance by using the storage device.
Patent KR-20160133345-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI HYOUNG SEON
IPC: A61B5/00
Filed: 2015-08-20
Abstract: According to an embodiment, disclosed is a blood sugar measuring device. The present invention includes: a glucose detecting part the concentration of glucose in body fluids of a user at a first measurement interval to determine blood sugar content of the user; and a control part changing the first measurement interval to a second measurement interval as an event occurs. The glucose detecting part detects the concentration of glucose in the body fluids at the changed second measurement interval. The control part determines the blood sugar content of the user based on the concentration of the glucose, detected at the changed second measurement interval.