baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-749844-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of an alkyl nitrate
Inventor: BENTLEY ROY
IPC: B02C15/12
Filed: 1953-07-10
Abstract: Isopropyl nitrate is prepared by the continuous distillation of a mixture of easily volatile products from a liquid reaction mixture which is at a temperature not below the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture of isopropyl nitrate and water and is formed from nitric acid and isopropyl alcohol and into which separate streams of nitric acid and isopropyl alcohol are introduced and in which a urea concentration sufficient to destroy nitrous acid is maintained, at least the isopropyl alcohol being introduced as a vapour below the surface of the liquid reaction mixture.  At atmospheric pressure the reaction mixture should be at a temperature of not less than 80.5 DEG C. and preferably above 100 DEG  C.  The isopropyl alcohol vapour is preferably slightly superheated and preferably consists of an azeotropic mixture of isopropyl alcohol with water, such as that produced by boiling aqueous isopropyl alcohol of higher water content than the azeotropic mixture.  The nitric acid concentration of the reaction mixture, including that combined with urea, is preferably from 35-60 per cent by weight, and that of urea is preferably maintained from start to finish at not less than 3 per cent by weight.  The desired ammonium nitrate concentration in the reaction mixture is maintained by running a proportion of reaction mixture continuously to waste. Specifications 379,312, 540,050 and 696,489 are referred to.
Patent GB-451724-A (GB)
Title: Improvement in electric oscillation generator
IPC: H01J25/76
Filed: 1935-07-05
Abstract: 451,724. Discharge apparatus; circuits. FARNSWORTH TELEVISION, Inc., 505, Crocker Building, San Francisco, U.S.A. July 5, 1935, No. 19220. Convention date, July 5, 1934. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] An oscillation generator comprises a pair of cathodes, one of which at least emits secondary electrons on bombardment by primary electrons, and an electron cloud oscillates between the cathodes by reason of a potential which is derived from the secondary electron current generated at each impact. The emitting cathode surface may be composed of photoelectric material such as potassium hydride, alkali metals, or caesium upon silver oxide, and it is stated that it becomes warm in operation. In one form, a tube 1 contains two cathodes 2, 2<1> between which the electron cloud oscillates through a ring anode 5. The cathodes 2, 2<1> are connected to a tuned circuit 7, 9, the half-period of which is approximately equal to the time of flight of the electrons and the anode return lead is coupled to the circuit symmetrically. An adjustable magnetic field set up by a solenoid 16 focuses the electrons upon the cathodes ; its value should be reduced after the starting of the oscillations, which may be achieved by illuminating one electrode. The oscillations may be stabilized by modifying the focusing, e.g. by passing the current to the anode 5 through an auxiliary solenoid surrounding the tube. Focusing may be effected by permanent magnets or by electrostatic fields which may be set up by shaping the anode as a short cylinder with an internal annular flange supporting a gauze disc and making the cathodes slightly concave. With electrodes so constructed, the two cathodes may be connected to the same point on a tuned circuit which is connected to the anode circuit. The tuned circuit then has a whole period equal to the time of flight of the electrons. In another modification, Fig. 6, a single secondary electron emissive cathode 40 is opposed to an anode 42 having a gauze-covered aperture and a non- emissive cathode 44 which is maintained at a constant potential negative to the anode. A tuned circuit 49 is connected between the cathode 40 and the anode 42. In all forms the vacuum should be such that the mean free path of electrons is longer than the inter-electrode distances, but within this limit a small amount of helium, neon or other inert gas may be desirable. Specification 450,138 is referred to.
Patent GB-805831-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to blue flame wick burners for liquid fuel
Inventor: SIRKIN SENIA
IPC: F23D3/10
Filed: 1954-07-01
Abstract: 805,831. Wick burners. PARKINSON & COWAN, Ltd. April 4, 1955 [July 1, 1954], No. 19280/54. Class 75(1) In a wick burner having a tubular wick 16 slidable on an inner wick tube 15 and surrounded by a wick carrier 19 having a rack 20 engaging with a pinion 22 on a winder spindle 23 projecting through an outer wick tube 14 and a perforated gallery 10, a tube 24 sealed into an opening through the outer wick tube 14 and extending radially outwards through the gallery 10 has a bore permitting the passage of the pinion 22 and the spindle 23 is rotatable in a sleeve 25 which is a sliding fit in the tube 24. The sleeve 25 is retained in the tube by a set screw 27 entering a circumferential groove 28 in the sleeve. An elongated tongue 30, Fig. 2, on an arcuate bracket 31 secured inside the outer wick tube 14 engages in a longitudinal groove in the side of the rack opposite the teeth to guide the wick carrier 19. The outer wick tube 14 is secured at its lower end to a shoulder on the base 11 of the gallery and the inner wick tube 15 is secured at its lower end to radial lugs on the base of the gallery. The bottom of the inner wick tube is closed apart from a small breather hole and air is admitted to the inner wick tube through diametrically opposed conduits 17 extending radially through the outer and inner wick tubes. The lower end of the wick is divided to pass the conduits 17 and the lugs supporting the inner wick tube. The burner is detachably secured to a fuel container by headed studs located at non-uniform angular spacings on the container and adapted to engage in arcuate keyhole slots in inclined surfaces on the base 11 of the gallery. A rubber ring 37 around a spigot on the base of the gallery is compressed against the top of the fuel container. Specification 735,150 is referred to
Patent GB-531562-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to explosives
IPC: C06B31/34
Filed: 1939-07-05
Abstract: 531,562. Explosives. DU FONT DE NEMOURS & CO., E. I., and DAVIS, C. O. July 5, 1939, No. 19610. [Class 9 (ii)] In the manufacture of an explosive composition comprising an inorganic nitrate soluble in liquid ammonia and an imperforate sensitizing agent, the nitrate is dissolved in substantially anhydrous liquid ammonia, the sensitizing agent dispersed in the solution, and the ammonia subsequently removed. An imperforate sensitizer is defined as a normally solid material free from pores and internal cavities. The nitrate is preferably ammonium nitrate and the sensitizer may be inorganic such as aluminium, magnesium, sulphur, or organic such as certain amides, nitro-compounds, alcohols. nitrates and sugars. If the sensitizer is insoluble in liquid ammonia, such as dinitrotoluene it may be dispersed by means of the soluble trinitrotoluene or sulphur by means of saponin. The determined amount of sensitizer in finely divided form is introduced into a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate in anhydrous liquid ammonia and the mass agitated vigorously while the free ammonia is expelled by evaporation at reduced pressure. The result is ammonium nitrate containing particles of the sensitizer disseminated within the crystals or within a continuous phase of ammonium nitrate crystals. Ammonium nitrate sensitized according to the invention is employed as an explosive either alone or mixed with other materials. Numerous examples are given in the Specification.
Patent GB-772860-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in alkoxypentenyl sulfonates
IPC: C11D1/12
Filed: 1955-07-07
Abstract: The invention comprises alkoxy pentenyl sulphonates having the general formula (ROCH2CH2CH=CHCH2SO3)nX wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a mono- or di-valent inorganic cation, e.g. Na, K, NH4, Ca or Mg, and n is an integer having the numerical value of the valency of the cation.  The compounds may be prepared by reacting the corresponding alkoxy pentenyl chlorides or bromides with a sulphite having a mono- or di-valent inorganic cation, preferably in the presence of an inert solvent for at least one of the reagents, e.g. water, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. Temperatures of 50 DEG  to 250 DEG  C. may be used preferably under superatmospheric pressure, e.g. 200 p.s.i.  The resulting sulphonates may be recovered by an alcohol/water extraction wherein the sulphonate dissolves in the alcohol and the halide salt formed in the reaction dissolves in the water.  The products may be used in detergents (see Group III).  The alkoxy pentenyl halides used as starting materials are prepared by reacting an appropriate alkoxy methyl chloride or bromide with butadiene in the presence of a FriedelCrafts catalyst.  Examples describe the preparation of potassium decoxy and dodecoxy pentenyl sulphonates, sodium dodecoxy pentenyl sulphonate, sodium and ammonium tetradecoxy pentenyl sulphonates, sodium hexadecoxy pentenyl sulphonate, ammonium eicosoxy pentenyl sulphonate and calcium and magnesium octoxypentenyl sulphonates.  Reference is made to other compounds of the above general formula in which R represents tert.-octyl, nonyl, isononyl, tert.-decyl, undecyl and iso- and tert.-dodecyl groups.ALSO:Detergent compositions contain alkoxy-pentenyl sulphonates having the general formula (ROCH2CH2CH=CHCH2SO3)nX, wherein R represents an alkyl group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a mono- or di-valent inorganic cation and n is an integer having the numerical value of the valency of the cation.  Builders such as sodium tripolyphosphate, carbonates, borates and silicates may be present.  The following alkoxy pentenyl sulphonates are mentioned: potassium dodecoxy- and decoxy-pentenyl sulphonates, sodium dodecoxy-, tetradecoxy- and hexadecoxy-pentenyl sulphonates, ammonium tetradecoxy- and licosoxy-pentenyl sulphonates and calcium and magnesium octoxy-pentenyl sulphonates.  The preparation of the sulphonates is described (see Group IV(b)).
Patent GB-253742-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to direction indicating devices for use on vehicles
IPC: B60Q1/34
Filed: 1925-08-05
Abstract: 253,742. Perkins, H. E. H. Aug. 5, 1925. Semaphore luminous signals; signals. - A hollow member A carries at its upper end a signal arm B and at its lower end a casing C housing a spindle D connected by a crossed cord E with the spindle b<5> of the arm B, the spindle D carrying outside the casing a pointer d for indicating the position of the signal arm. Between the upper and lower members of the arm Bare side members having in detachable frames coloured transparent portions b<3> each ending in another coloured transparent portion b<4>. The lamps are carried in the signal arm and the spindle D carries an electric contact G<1> which moves over an arcuate piece G so that the lamps are only lit when the signal arm is in a signalling position. The device is also combined with an electrically-actuated buzzer J.
Patent GB-651439-A (GB)
Title: A new or improved toy
IPC: A63H31/06
Filed: 1948-07-27
Abstract: 651,439. Electric cables. SMITH, L. T., and CHILDS, A. W. July 27, 1948, No. 19983. [Class 36] [Also in Group XV] Electric conductors 45, 46 (to a remotely-controlled model car) are embedded in an insulating sheath around a flexible tube 47 constituting an air-line to the car. The conductors 45, 46 are helically wound and separated by similarly wound insulating strips 49, and oppositely wound interwoven insulating strips 48.
Patent GB-575151-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to metal to glass seals and method of making the same
IPC: C03C27/02
Filed: 1944-10-16
Abstract: 575,151. Metal-to-glass seals. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Oct. 16, 1944, No. 19986. Convention date, Oct. 16, 1943. [Class 36] [Also in Group XI] To obviate the necessity for protective precoating, tungsten or molybdenum leads are sealed in electric lamps or discharge devices by heating the metal in a mildly oxidising atmosphere such as carbon dioxide whilst the heated vitreous casting is pinched over. Figs. 1 and 2 show a suitable apparatus for effecting the seal comprising a rotary head 10 supporting a block 15 on which the glass &c. stem S is supported. The leads L are positioned in holes 16 in the block, oxidizing flames 19 being directed on to the lower end of the rotating stem by stationary burners 18. The pinch is effected by movable presser-jaws 20 mounted on the head 10. The oxidizing gas is preferably fed into the stem through metal pipes 25. Fig. 3 shows a composite lead comprising a tungsten section 23 for the actual seal, an external length 21 of stranded copper wire, and an internal length 22 of single-strand metal such as nickel. Specification 561,682 is referred to.
Patent GB-994446-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pluviometers
IPC: G01W1/14
Filed: 1962-05-24
Abstract: 994,446. Rain gauges. O. F. NILSSON. May 24, 1962 [June 20, 1961], No. 19990/62. Heading G1X. [Also in Division G4] A rain gauge comprises an open vessel 10 for collecting precipitate with a horizontally arranged cylinder 13 slowly rotated by a motor 16 and gearing 15, the surface of cylinder 13 having strips 114 thereon, as shewn, or being otherwise provided with an uneven contour so that when a thick layer 12 of oil is provided above the surface 11 of precipitate in vessel 1, the cylinder 13 picks up a thin layer of oil on its surface as it rotates and small amounts of precipitate are collected by cylinder 13 and trapped by the thin layer of oil thereon whilst the thick layer 12 helps to prevent evaporation and trap snow until it melts instead of allowing snow to be blown away. A heater 17 and thermostat 18 maintains the precipitate at constant temperature. When a small precipitation has occurred so that the level 22 in a communicating float chamber 21 has risen e.g. by 0. 05 mm. a float 23 actuates, through a linkage 24, 26<SP>1</SP>, 26<SP>11</SP>, a plate 28 to allow a light beam 30, from source 32, to pass through an aperture 44 in the plate 28 to actuate a photocell 35 and counter 39, which may be associated with a timing mechanism, so that rate, as well as total quantity of precipitate may be measured. The photo-cell 35 also actuates a relay 38 controlling valve 40 to remove a measured quantity from the communicating vessels and restore the original level 22. If the level drops due to evaporation, aperture 44 allows a beam 31 to actuate photo-cell 36 controlling a relay 41 and valve 42 so that a measured amount is passed into the communicating vessels, the amount and rate of evaporation being measured by counter 43.
Patent GB-1069905-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to roof supports for mine workings
IPC: E21D15/58
Filed: 1964-05-14
Abstract: 1,069,905. Mine roof supports. K. M. GROETSCHEL. May 14, 1964 [Aug. 29, 1963], No. 20053/64. Heading E1E. In a mine roof support comprising a roof superstructure mounted by props on a base, the superstructure carries on the rear or goaf side an extension comprising one or more forepoling arms pivotably movable relative to the superstructure as by an hydraulic ram 27 acting on wedges 26. For modifications of the superstructure and other details Figs. 3-9, (not shown).
Patent GB-263699-A (GB)
Title: Atomizer
IPC: B05B11/04
Filed: 1926-08-13
Abstract: 263,699. Thomas, A. Aug. 13, 1926. Air-pressure sprayers. - An atomizer comprises a head 13 engaging an opening in a liquid container 23, and provided with a duct 19 communicating with the interior of the container and the atmosphere, and having depending therefrom a tube 15 extending into the container and communicating with the duct 19 at a point between its ends. The head is provided with a cap 20 which may be screwed down to close the outlet. The container mav be provided with depressable sides so that on being pressed air is ejected through the duct 19 and liquid through the tube 15.
Patent GB-1513143-A (GB)
Title: Method of preparing stable condensation products of halogen-containing phosphate and/or phosphonate esters
IPC: C08G79/04
Filed: 1975-05-13
Abstract: 1513143 Stabilizing condensation products of phosphorous oxyacid esters STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO 13 May 1975 [28 May 1974] 20088/75 Heading C2P [Also in Division C3] A stabilized condensation product of one or more pentavalent phosphorus oxyacid esters at least one of which is a #-haloalkyl phosphate or a #-haloalkyl ester of an organic phosphonic acid is obtained by treating the product with an amount of water and then at an elevated temperature with an amount of an alkylene oxide or other compound containing an oxirane group for a period of time after residual acidity has been neutralized, the said amounts and period of time being effective to open labile groups contained in the product and to neutralize the thus-formed groups. Specified condensation products are the homocondensation product of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, the co-condensation product of bis(2-chloroethyl)vinyl phosphonate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate or trimethyl phosphate, the homocondensation product of bis(2-chloroethyl)vinyl phosphonate and the co-condensation product of tris(2 - chloroethyl)phosphate and dimethyl methyl phosphonate. The removal of the residual acidity of the condensation product before the water treatment may be effective by treatment with an alkylene oxide for 3 to 8 hours at 90 to 110 C. and the treatment with alkylene oxide or other oxirane compound after the water treatment may be carried out at 90 to 140 C. for 1 to 10 hours. The water treatment is suitably effected at from 50 to 150 C. for 2 to 4 hours and the weight of water added is generally from 0À3 to 10% of the product to be treated. Examples are given for the stabilization of a product obtained by condensing tris(2 - chloroethyl)phosphate at 165 C. in the presence of a small amount of Na 2 CO 3  using ethylene oxide for the initial neutralization step and using ethylene oxide and the diepoxide of cyclohexenylmethyl cyclohexene carboxylate respectively for the final oxirane treatment following the water treatment stage.
Patent GB-1118022-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to periscopes
Inventor: STRANG JOHN MARTIN
IPC: G02B23/08
Filed: 1956-06-28
Abstract: 1,118,022. Sextants. BARR & STROUD Ltd. June 14, 1957 [June 28, 1956], No. 20108/56. Addition to 1,118,021. Heading G1F. [Also in Division G2] The periscope-sextant of a submarine is provided with means for measuring the angle between a distant object and a datum, the means comprising step-by-step adjustment to bring the object into view and fine relative adjustment between the images of the distant object and the datum. Beams of light 101, 106 from the horizon and the sun respectively are combined in a beam splitter 104, the combined beam passing through a graticule 109 prisms 110, 111, lens systems 112, 113, 114 and prisms 115, 116, 117 to an eye-piece 118. The prism 105 which receives the light beam from the sun is rotatable in a series of precise steps as described in Specification 1,118,021. Fine adjustment is effected by rotation of the apertured prisms 115, 116 near the observer so that the "ghost" horizon image H' deflected by these prisms just touches the sun image S as viewed through the apertures of these prisms.
Patent GB-975686-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of acrolein
Inventor: BOWEN BERTRAM ERNEST VICTOR
Filed: 1962-05-25
Abstract: Acrolein is produced by reacting propylene and oxygen at elevated temperature in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, e.g. bismuth molybdate or phosphomolybdate, or comprising tin and antimony oxides as in Specification 864,666 or cobalt molybdate as in Specification 878,803, within a multi-tubular fixed bed reactor containing parallel tubes terminating in an end box or header space, the process being characterised in that the gases leaving the catalyst are immediately cooled, within the end box or header space of the reactor, either by direct or indirect heat exchange, to between 400 and 150 DEG C., preferably 250 and 180 DEG C. and maintained within this range until the gases enter the recovery system for isolation or are passed to a further reaction system, especially for conversion over an oxidation catalyst with molecular oxygen to acrylic acid. Steam or inert gases may be utilized as direct contact heat exchange media.  In the examples, which contain comparative data of operation without cooling, propylene, air, steam mixtures are allowed to react over tin antimony catalysts.
Patent GB-1305062-A (GB)
IPC: G01G23/32
Filed: 1970-04-27
Abstract: 1305062 Weighing apparatus PITNEY - BOWES Inc 27 April 1970 [5 May 1969] 20162/70 Heading G1W A scale suitable for classifying letters according to weight comprises a weighing beam 102 pivotable about a fulcrum 104; a receiving pan 170: an auxiliary weight 108 suspended from the beam on the same side of the pivot as the receiving pan, the suspending means inter-connecting the beam and the auxiliary weight such that there is a range of vertical lost motion of the weight relative to the beam and also a range where the weight is lifted by the beam at the end of the lost motion range; means for supporting the auxiliary weight when the beam is tipped beyond a predetermined extent; the scale being arranged so that the beam assumes one of three positions dependent on the weight of the object in the receiving pan, these positions corresponding to the conditions when (a) the auxiliary weight is above the lost motion range Figs.1-A, B, (not shown), and the weight is not supported (b) when the auxiliary weight is within the lost motion range and is decoupled from the beam and rests on the support Fig.2-A, B; (not shown), and (c) when the object weight is outside the weight range and the beam is tipped past the decoupling position. Fig. 3-A, B. The scale may be provided on the arm of the beam opposite that supporting the object with a counterweight 150 slidable along the beam to a plurality of discrete positions each of which corresponds to a different weight range. The scale may also be provided with an indicator means 112 operable by the beam to show three discrete conditions, each corresponding to one of the three beam positions. The point of  decoupling of the auxiliary weight 108 is determined by the position of the notches 204 of the support 206 and may be adjusted by rotating screw 210 against the boss 214 and hence effecting the spaced distance of cantilever 208 from the housing 168. A rotatably supported member 222 may carry a printed postage guide on each of a number of surfaces 228, the thumb screw 230 serving to rotate the member.
Patent GB-640638-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to ball and roller bearings and the mounting thereof
IPC: F16C35/06
Filed: 1946-07-05
Abstract: 640,638. Ball and roller bearings. HOOVER, Ltd. July 5, 1946, No. 20199. Convention date, July 12, 1945. [Class 12 (i)] [Also in Group XXII] Ball or roller bearing races 3, 4 having an interference fit on a shaft 1 or within a housing 5, have the surface of the race (exterior) or of the seating formed with recesses 11 to reduce the contact area between the race and the seating but with the recesses and the remaining areas of contact distributed throughout the opposed surfaces including the region behind the balls or rollers. The recesses may be formed on the inside (exterior) of the inner race 3 or on the outside of the outer race 4, Figs. 7 and 8 (not shown), on the neck 2 of the shaft 1 or on the inside of the housing 5. The recesses may be provided by a series of circumferential grooves, a helical groove, a series of axial grooves or a series of depressions. The contact should be only over less than 60 per cent of the overall area.