baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NO-165975-B (NO)
Inventor: PERGOLIZZI ROBERT G
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1984-04-18
Abstract: A composition for use in detecting in a sample an analyte (A) having a molecularly recognizable portion thereon, which comprises: a molecular bridging entity comprising a first portion capable of recognizing and binding to a molecularly recognizable portion on an analyte, and a second portion comprising a nucleic acid; and a universal signalling entity comprising a nucleic acid portion capable of annealing to and forming a stable polynucleotide hybrid with said bridging entity nucleic acid second portion, and a signal generating portion capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a detectable signal.
Patent NO-170195-B (NO)
Inventor: KENT DALE WILSON
IPC: B09B3/00
Filed: 1986-05-09
Abstract: Air is mechanically entrained in an aqueous solution of surfactant and poly(oxyalkylene) polyisocyanate polymer, the poly(oxyalkylene) portion of which contains sufficient oxyethylene units to render the polymer water-soluble and hydrophilic, to form a fluid, water-based air foam which is sprayed or otherwise applied to exposed surface of a substrate, such as a body of hazardous material, the applied foam gelling or increasing in viscosity, due to reaction of the polyisocyanate polymer with water to form a poly(oxyalkylene) polyurea polymer, and forming a persistent gelled air foam or viscous air foam in the form of a coating on the exposed surface, thus sealing or otherwise protecting or controlling the substrate.
Patent NO-172590-B (NO)
Inventor: BELLIS HAROLD EDWARD
IPC: E21B43/22
Filed: 1986-12-23
Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method of temporarily reducing the permeability of subterranean formations penetrated by a wellbore. In particular, it relates to an inexpensive, low molecular weight condensation product of hydroxy acetic acid with itself or compounds containing other hydroxy-, carboxylic-acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic-acid moieties and method for preventing fluid loss during well treatment.
Patent NO-165188-B (NO)
Inventor: LANTZ ANDRE
IPC: C07C29/124
Filed: 1987-11-26
Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkanols and their esters by oxidizing a 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl iodide using hydrogen peroxide in a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid ester in the presence of sulphuric acid. In the process according to the invention, from 1 to 30 moles of sulphuric acid, from 1 to 50 moles of carboxylic acid or of an ester of such an acid, and from 3 to 20 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of 2-perfluoralkyl)ethyl iodide are used.
Patent NO-175209-B (NO)
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1990-08-29
Abstract: A polymerization process wherein monomers are polymerized in liquid diluent to produce a liquid slurry containing particles of normally solid polymers, periodically opening a product takeoff port to allow a charge of liquid slurry to flow into an elongated confined zone including a flash line heater and then into a flash chamber wherein the lighter components are separated from the polymer The process is particularly characterized by the fact the elongated confined zone is constructed such that the flow time of the charge of slurry in the flash line heater is equal to at least about 25 percent of the time between the time of the closing of the settling valve and the next opening of the settling valve.
Patent NO-176408-B (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmåte og anlegg for fundamentering av elementer på havbunnen
Inventor: ADVOCAAT JAN-DIEDERIK
IPC: E02B17/02
Filed: 1991-02-19
Abstract: Fremgangsmåte og anlegg for fundamentering av fortrinnsvis flyttbare offshore-elementer (1) på havbunnen (2) . Elementet utstyres med nedadrettede skjørt (3) og med en gjennomgående sjakt (6) fra elementets (l) overside til dets underside. Under installasjon på havbunnen (2) pumpes en slurry av sand og sjøvann i slanger (5) fra et overflatefartcy (4) ned gjennom sjakten (6) og ut under elementets (l) underside (12). Slangene (5) holdes i posisjon ved et system av vaiere (7) og trinser (8). Slurryens (9) innhold av vann vil under fyllingen unnvike gjennom sjakten (6) til omgivende sjø. Slangene (5) fjernes etter endt fylling. Metoden kan med fordel anvendes for mindre plattformer, og muliggjør enkel flytting av elementet (1) (plattformen) og ny injisering på det nye installasjonsstedet.
Patent NO-179435-B (NO)
Inventor: THOMAS MICHAEL JOHN GLYNN
IPC: A61K35/18
Filed: 1991-08-07
Abstract: A method of freezing a standard donor unit of red blood cells such that it can be stored for long periods and subsequently recovered in a form pure enough for transfusion purposes uses red blood cells separated from plasma and platelets, as obtainable by centrifuging whole blood. The red blood cells are treated so that they have a Packed Cell Volume of not less that 90% and are added to a freezing bag (13) containing HES solution such that the ratio of HES/red blood cells is no more that 7% (preferably 6%) w/v. The bag (13) is placed in a freezing frame (20, 21), which is adapted to maintain the thickness of the contents of the bag constant, and the frame is placed in liquid nitrogen. <IMAGE>
Patent SE-326407-B (SE)
Inventor: TATRO G
IPC: B65G47/22
Filed: 1965-07-14
Abstract: 1,046,604. Step-by-step conveyers. EMHART CORPORATION. July 13, 1965 [July 15, 1964], No. 29628/65. Heading B8A. Each of a series of glass containers C is advanced step-by-step off a conveyer 16 along an arcuate path 40 and is received sequentially in pockets, bounded by rollers 58, in the edge of a fixed plate 52. Resiliently mounted shoes 60 press the containers C into the pockets. Some of the shoes 60 have driven rollers 68 to rotate the containers C to facilitate inspection. The containers C are moved from one pocket to the next by an indexing member 86 mounted on three cranks 92, the centre one of which is driven. The containers C are engaged by pockets in the edge of the indexing member 86 which is caused to execute a closed loop to move each container C one step along the path 40. Owing to the arcuate nature of the indexing member 86 the containers C are not simultaneously engaged, so that less power is required to overcome the inertia.
Patent YU-47573-B (YU)
Title: Postupak za dobivanje čvrstog farmaceutskog preparata
Inventor: KRICSFALUSSY M N
IPC: A61K31/195
Filed: 1991-07-19
Abstract: POSTUPAK ZA DOBIVANJE ČVRSTOG FARMACEUTSKOG PREPARATA, naznačen time, što obuhvata ugradjivanje na svetlo osetljivog po izboru slabo rastvornog u vodi aktivnog sastojka, zajedno sa uobičajenim nosačima i/ili pomoćnim supstancama i biljnom bojom. Prijava sadrži još 15 zavisnih zahteva.
Patent YU-47980-B (YU)
Title: Naprava za pranje poda
Inventor: MITIC M
Filed: 1990-07-30
Abstract: NAPRAVA ZA PRANJE PODA prema osnovnom patentu PS.47257, naznačen time, što je za nepokretnu ploču (11) pričvršćen donji kraj elastičnog rezervoara (54) za prljavu vodu, koji je preko zatvarača (13a) otvora (12) nepokretne ploče (11) povezan sa unutrašnjošću sundjera (50), a gornji kraj elastičnog rezervoara (54) za prljavu vodu pričvršćen je za pokretnu ploču (57) sa produžetcima (57b) koji su postavljeni u udubljenjima (62a) nosača (62) i krajevima pričvršćeni za potiskivač sundjera (8), što je nosač (62) pričvršćen za unutrašnju stranu glave perača (1) za čiji je donji povijeni kraj pričvršćena nepokretna ploča (11) pri čemu je na pokretnoj ploči (57) izveden ispust (57a) u kome je pričvršćen jednosmerni ventil (58) i elastična cev (21) čiji je drugi kraj povezan sa rezervoarom za prljavu vodu i što je četka (5) povezana sa donjim krajem potiskivača sundjera (8) regulacionim zavrtnjima (60).
Patent YU-46834-B (YU)
Title: Uredjaj za finalno hladjenje, oduljivanje i izotermnu dehidrataciju komprimovanog vazduha
Inventor: VOJISLAV ALIC
IPC: F15B21/04
Filed: 1987-09-15
Abstract: UREDJAJ ZA FINALNO HLADJENJE, ODULJIVANJE I IZOTERMNU DEHIDRATACIJU KOMPRIMOVANOG VAZDUHA, koji se sastoji od finalnog hladnjaka 101 komprimovanog vazduha, centrifugalnog odvajača 102 ulja, baterije adsorbera 103 i finog filtera 104 i baterije adsorbera 105 i finog filtera 106, nazna čen time, što je centrifugalni odvajač (102) ulja postavljen koncentrično unutar finalnog hladnjaka (101) komprimovanog vazduha, pri čemu je kućište (1) finalnog hladnjaka (101) komprimovanog vazduha učvršćeno za prstenove (11, 12), zavarene za spoljni zid kućišta (7) centrifugalnog odvajača (102) ulja, a zajedničko kućište (15) baterije adsorbera (103) i finog filtera (104) i baterije adsorbera (105) i finog filtera (106), koje su medjusobno odvojene pregradama (23), učvršćeno je za prstenove (13, 14), zavarene za spoljni zid kućišta (1) finalnog hladnjaka (101) komprimovanog vazduha.
Patent YU-42230-B (YU)
Title: Process for introducing alkyl radicals into a functional group possessing carbon chains
Inventor: BOUISSET M
IPC: C07C51/353
Filed: 1980-12-05
Abstract: Process for introducing a substituent selected from branched- or straight-chain alkyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl or cycloalkyl radicals in which the alkyl moiety has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, into a carbon chain bearing a stable functional group the said carbon chain having at least one proton in  alpha -position in relation to this functional group, process whereby, in a first step, this carbon chain is reacted with a complex base comprising a mixture of alkali metal amide and alkali metal alcoholate suspended in an anhydrous organic solvent to provide temporarily a carbanion, then in a second step this carbanion is reacted in an anhydrous organic solvent with an alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl halide corresponding to the substituent to be introduced.
Patent ZA-844197-B (ZA)
Title: Use of triazine derivatives for protecting maize and sorghum plants
Inventor: SZCZEPANSKI HENRY
IPC: A01N25/32
Filed: 1984-06-05
Abstract: There are described triazine derivatives of the formula I    <IMAGE> (I)  wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently of one another are each C1-C5-alkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by C3-C6-cycloalkyl, or mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, or is C3-C6- cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, or one of the substituents R1, R2 and R3 is also halogen or -NR4R5, in which R4 is hydrogen or C1-C5-alkyl and R5 is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, monochloroacetyl or dichloroacetyl. The triazine derivatives are used for the protection of maize and sorghum plants against the harmful effects of herbicidal chloroacetanilides and chloroacetamides.
Patent ZA-846375-B (ZA)
Title: Radiation-polymerizable mixture,copying material produced therefrom,and process for producing a solder mask from the mixture
Inventor: GEISSLER ULRICH
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1984-08-16
Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation-polymerizable mixture which includes a polymerizable compound, a radiation-activatable polymerization initiator and a polymeric binder with lateral cross-linking groups of the formula -CH2OR, wherein R denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, a lower acyl group or a lower hydroxyalkyl group. The mixture is cured by heating after development. Also disclosed is a polymerizable copying material which includes a layer comprising the mixture and a process for producing a solder mask including a laminating step for laminating a photoresist layer which includes the layer.
Patent ZA-857649-B (ZA)
Title: Spacer for mist eliminator
Inventor: SCHULTZ MARTIN
IPC: B01D45/08
Filed: 1985-10-03
Abstract: 1. A spacer for mist eliminators which possesses a length exceeding the height of the eliminator plates to be spaced, said spacer having a head part and a foot part, characterized in that the web (3) of the spacer (1), in the side view, is adapted to the shape of the space between two adjacent eliminator plates (2) with desired distance so that the eliminator plates (2), in their mounted condition, are fittingly clamped between two adjacent spacers (1) along the complete height, and in that the spacer (1) includes means for connecting adjacent head parts (4) and foot parts (5).
Patent ZA-868495-B (ZA)
Title: Improved yeast strains
Inventor: ROGERS DAVID T
IPC: C12P21/00
Filed: 1986-11-07
Abstract: Process for increasing the rate of production of carbon dioxide, ethanol and other fermentation products such as citric acid, produced by yeast such as Saccaromyces cerevisiae during fermentation and decreasing biomass production by regulating the rate of glycolysis indirectly through changing the energy balance of the cell, i.e. by reducing intracellular ATP levels. Modifications for so altering the glycolysis rate involve the use of either a regulated ATP hydrolysis within the cell or a regulated leakage of ATP from the cell. This invention encompasses several ways for altering the yeast ATP level including (a) engaging futile metabolic cycles to increase ATP consumption; (b) using an altered exocellular acid phosphatase so that it becomes intracellular to increase intracellular ATP hydrolysis; (c) using a drug which uncouples the plasma membrane ATPase thereby consuming an abnormally high level of ATP; and (d) using a drug which allows the release of ATP from the cell to lower the intracellular ATP level. This invention further encompasses regulating the genetic modifications described in greater detail herein. By these means, such modifications may be turned off during growth of the yeast on a commercial scale, and then turned on before or during, and preferably before or at a very early stage of, the dough-rising phase.
Patent ZA-874918-B (ZA)
Title: Substituted furazans
Inventor: SIRRENBERG WILHELM
IPC: A01N43/82
Filed: 1987-07-07
Abstract: Insecticidal and acaricidal novel substituted furazans of the formula <IMAGE>   n which R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halogenoalkyl, halogenoalkoxy, halogenoalkylthio or optionally substituted aryloxy, or R1 and R2 together represent an optionally substituted alkylene radical which is interrupted by 1 or 2 oxygen atoms or is bonded to the phenyl radical via 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, R3 and R4 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkoxy, R5 represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and X represents oxygen or sulphur. Intermediates of the formula   <IMAGE>  in which B is -NH2, -NO2 or -NCX, R3 and R4 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkoxy, R6 represents 2,2-difluoro-1-methylcycloprop-1-yl or the   <IMAGE>   radical, Y represents hydrogen, methyl, fluorine or chlorine, and Y1 and Y2 are identical or different and represent fluorine or chlorine, are also new.
Patent ZA-883940-B (ZA)
Title: Silica-bound calcium-containing zeolite a granulate
Inventor: PUPPE LOTHAR
IPC: B01D53/04
Filed: 1988-06-03
Abstract: Granulated Ca-containing zeolite A for oxygen enrichment from air contains SiO2 as binder, and the zeolite fraction has no CO3 structures on the exchanged calcium cations.
Patent ZA-887689-B (ZA)
Title: Fungicides
Inventor: CLOUGH JOHN MARTIN
IPC: C07D213/81
Filed: 1988-10-14
Abstract: Fungicidal compounds of the formula (I) : <CHEM> and stereoisomers thereof, wherein K is oxygen or sulphur; Z is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is O, S(O)n, NR<4>, CR<1>R<2>, CHR<5>, CO, CR<1>(OR<2>), C=CR<1>R<2>, CHR<1>CHR<2>, CR<1>=CR<2>, CHR<1>CR<2>=CH, C=C, OCHR<1>, CHR<1>O, OCHR<1>O, S(O)nCHR<1>, S(O)nCHR<1>O, CHR<1>S(O)n, CHR<1>OSO2, NR<4>CHR<1>, CHR<1>NR<4>, CO2, O2C, SO2O, OSO2, CO.CO, COCHR<1>, COCHR<1>O, CHR<1>CO, CHOH.CHR<1>, CHR<1>.CHOH, <CHEM> CONR<4>, OCONR<4>, NR<4>CO, CSNR<4>, OCS.NR<4>, SCO.NR<4>, NR<4>CO2, NR<4>CS, NR<4>CSO, NR<4>COS, NR<4>CONR<4>, S(O)nNR<4>, NR<4>S(O)n, CS2, S2C, CO.S, SCO, N=N, N=CR<1>, CR<1>=N, CHR<1>CHR<2>CH(OH), CHR<1>OCO, CHR<1>SCO, CHR<1>NR<4>CO, CHR<1>NR<4>COR<4>, CHR<1>CHR<2>CO, O.N=CR<1>, CHR<1>O.N=CR<2>, CO.OCR<1>R<2>, CHR<1>CHR<2>CHR<3>, OCHR<1>CHR<2>, (CH2)mO, CHR<1>OCHR<2>, CHR<1>CHR<2>O, OCHR<1>CHR<2>O, S(O)nCHR<1>CHR<2>, CHR<1>S(O)nCHR<2>, CHR<1>CHR<2>S(O)n, CR<1>=NNR<4>, NR4N=CR<1>, CHR<1>CONR<2>, CHR<1>OCO.NR<2>, CH=CHCH2O, COCHR<1>CHR<2>O or (R<5>)2P<+>CHR<2>Q<->; A, B and E, which may be the same or, different, are H, hydroxy, halo, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkoxy, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, phenoxy, nitro or cyano; R<1>, R<2> and R<3>, which may be the same or different, are H, C1-4 alkyl or phenyl; R<4> is H, C1-4 alkyl or COR<1>; R<5> is optionally substituted phenyl; Q<-> is a halide anion; n is 0, 1 or 2 an m is a 3, 4 or 5.
Patent ZA-937069-B (ZA)
Title: Transfer process for the production of transdermal therapeutic systems
Inventor: HILLE THOMAS
IPC: A61M37/00
Filed: 1993-09-24
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP93/02495 Sec. 371 Date May 9, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date May 9, 1995 PCT Filed Sep. 15, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/07449 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 14, 1994The invention provides a process for the production of transdermal therapeutic systems. A layer containing active substance is initially present as a tape or web in the form of a laminate, with a carrier layer and, possibly, further auxiliary layers and/or protective layers or the like. The active substance is then transferred from this layer, either by itself or in combination with at least one further layer, in sections, to the center of a second, wider web. The process is characterized by the fact that the tape or web (1) and the second web (2) are moved forward by steps, with different phases of motion and inoperative phases and/or different step lengths and/or differing speeds and that in the same appliance, during each inoperative or stationary phase of the webs (1, 2) the subdivision of the layer containing active substance and, as the case may be, of one or more further layers, with the exception of the carrier layer, takes place in phases and in the same forward direction, at right angles to the direction of web, into sections (7, 8) containing active substance of a size suitable for the user, and their transfer to the second web, the carrier sheet (9) being removed, in preferably equal intervals, using a transfer device which can be moved backwards and forwards in the direction of the web.
Patent ZA-949222-B (ZA)
Title: Device for generating a fog.
Inventor: VANDONINCK ALFONS
IPC: G08B15/02
Filed: 1994-11-21
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/BE94/00090 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 3, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 3, 1996 PCT Filed Nov. 24, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/14981 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 1, 1995The invention relates to a device for generating a fog, characterized in that it comprises: a) a first closed vessel (1) kept at temperature and filled with a mixture having such a vapor pressure curve that pressure can be generated by varying the temperature of the mixture; b) a second closed vessel (2, 2', 2'') with a heat exchanger kept at a higher temperature; c) a pipe (7) with a valve (8) connecting the mixture from the first vessel to the second vessel (2, 2', 2''); d) an outlet (16, 16') in the wall of the second vessel (2, 2', 2'') for distributing the fog generated under pressure in this latter vessel into the environment.
Patent ZA-951786-B (ZA)
Title: A novel microencapsulated composition containing chlorpyrifos or endosulfan
Inventor: MARCUS ARIE
IPC: A01N25/28
Filed: 1995-03-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a microencapsulated chlorpyrifos or endosulfan composition comprising a polyurea shell and one or more photostable ultraviolet and visible light absorbent compound having a log molar extinction coefficient of from about 2 to 5 with respect to radiation having wave lengths in the range of about 310 to 450 nanometers, wherein said photostable ultraviolet and visible light absorbent compound does not react with the monomer used in building the polyurea shell. The result is a microencapsulated composition having unexpected long, extended insecticidal activity with high toxicity to target species and very low toxicity to non-target animals.
Patent ZA-958753-B (ZA)
Title: Progressive jackpot gaming with random prize generation
Inventor: HUARD MARCEL
IPC: A63F1/00
Filed: 1995-10-17
Abstract: An auxiliary game provides an auxiliary opportunity for players at a casino to win a prize by participating with a relatively small contribution each time they play a round in the principal casino game. To increase the element of random chance or luck in winning a prize in the game, a method and apparatus is provided for randomly choosing a winning card or combination of cards, or randomly selecting a person or group of persons eligible to win upon possession of the card or combination of cards. The amount of the prize can also be randomly selected either as a fixed amount or percentage of a maximum amount or a progressive jackpot.
Patent ZA-988102-B (ZA)
Title: Method of treating tourette's syndrome.
Inventor: CHAPPELL PHILLIP BRANCH
IPC: A61K31/502
Filed: 1998-09-04
Abstract: The use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating Tourette's syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder in a mammal, including a human <CHEM> wherein n, X, Y and Ar are as defined herein.e
Patent ZA-988794-B (ZA)
Title: Nicotine compositions and methods of formulation thereof
Inventor: ANDERSSON SVEN BORJE
IPC: A61K31/045
Filed: 1998-09-25
Abstract: Polar lipid formulations of nicotine in liquid crystals and colloidal dispersions thereof and precursors or offspring thereof which when in contact with body fluid and/or by the influence of body temperature, are transformed to a liquid crystal or a mixture of liquid crystals, which functions as a controlled release matrix for nicotine suitable in e.g. smoking cessation and/or replacement therapies. Disclosed compositions of said liquid crystals or dispersions thereof, their precursors or offspring containing nicotine and anti-irritants or a local analgesic, or any combination of these reduce local irritation of nicotine and masks its taste. Applicable routes of administration and devices includes buccal, using chewing gum in which liquid crystals, dispersions thereof, or precursor or offspring thereof are formulated, buccal adhesives, gels and patches, using mucoadhesive liquid crystal, dispersions thereof or precursor thereof, and mouth spray using dispersion of said liquid crystals, their precursors or offspring, nasal spray and gel using said liquid crystals or their dispersions, their precursors or offspring, topical, using said liquid crystal or their precursors or offspring in adhesive patches and gels.
Patent GB-2352633-B (GB)
Title: A formulation comprising an NMDA antagonist and an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
Inventor: FRANKS NICHOLAS PETER
IPC: A61K33/00
Filed: 2000-06-09
Granted: 2002-04-17
Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is described. The composition comprises a formulation. The formulation comprises an NMDA antagonist and an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. In a preferred aspect, there is provided an improved anaesthetic comprising an NMDA antagonist and an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist.
Patent GB-2406571-B (GB)
Title: Gene and polypeptide sequences
Inventor: SLEEP DARRELL
IPC: C12N15/81
Filed: 2003-07-23
Granted: 2007-02-21
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving a leader sequence by insertion of a pentapeptide motif comprising -X 1 -X 2 -X 3 -X 4 -X 5 - and a polypeptide comprising (i) a leader sequence, the leader sequence comprising a (a) secretion pre sequence, and (b) the following motif: 
-X 1 -X 2 -X 3 -X 4 -X 5 - 
where X 1  is phenylalanine, tryptophan, or tyrosine, X 2  is isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine or methionine, X 3  is leucine, valine, alanine or methionine, X 4  is serine or threonine and X 5  is isoleucine, valine, alanine or methionine; and (ii) a desired protein heterologous to the leader sequence. A polypeptide of the invention may additionally comprise, as part of the leader sequence, a secretion pro sequence. The invention also provides a polynucleotide comprising a sequence that encodes a polypeptide of the invention and a cell, preferably a yeast cell, comprising said polynucleotide.