Patent GB-1356958-A (GB)
IPC: H02P27/02
Filed: 1971-04-19
Abstract: 1356958 Control of A.C. motors POWER ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONAL Inc 19 April 1971 [20 April 1970] 26014/71 Heading H2J A control system for starting or reversing one or more three phase induction motors M1, M2 comprises a static switching network 14 connected to an A.C. supply 19 through a contactor 18 and controlled by a circuit 16 which is responsive to the operation of the contactor 18 and to the output signal of a function generator 74, the arrangement being such that at starting the network 14 cannot be closed until a predetermined time after closure of the contactor 18, thereby protecting it against "making" surges caused by arcing at contactor 18 as it closes, the network 14 subsequently being controlled firstly to increase the motor torque from an initial preset value to a predetermined value and secondly to increase the torque at a substantially accelerated rate until the full torque, maximum speed condition is reached. To stop the motor(s) contactor 18 is reversed and the network 14 is controlled to produce counter torque in the same sequence as for starting, arcing at contactor 18 being prevented and surge protection of network 14 being provided by opening the network 14 before the contactor 18 is opened to disconnect the supply 19. The network 14 comprises three pairs of anti-parallel connected thyristors and diodes, Fig. 4 (not shown), or pairs of back-to-back thyristors. The contactor 18 comprises two sets of forward and reverse switches having respective operating coils controlled by forward and reverse push buttons, Fig. 3 (not shown), actuation of the latter providing signals 36, 41, 43 to an arc suppressor circuit 76 and further signals to the function generator 74 via a D.C. power supply 21, whereby the arc and surge preventing operations at starting, reversal and stopping are initiated. The generator 74 is shown in Fig. 7, and comprises a delay circuit 176, a timing circuit 180, an OR gate 182 and a comparator 186, the gate 182 being responsive to signals from the circuit 176 and the circuit 76 to inhibit the operation of an oscillator 150 (Fig. 5) supplying firing pulses for the network 14, these inhibit signals occurring after closure, at changeover and before opening of contactor 18 to prevent the thyristors from being fired. During the inhibit period after closure, a capacitor in the circuit 180 is charged to a preset value to provide an output signal at terminal 185, which signal represents the initial starting torque of the motor and is adjustable by a resistor 193, whose output is led via terminal 125 to a comparator network 70 forming part of a thyristor firing circuit 64. This also includes a phasing network 67 providing square wave outputs, Fig. 11 (not shown), from the A.C. voltages of the supply 19, a ramp network 68 providing sawtooth signals, Figs. 12, 13 and 14 (not shown), phase displaced in accordance with the supply voltages and a firing network 72 including AND gates supplied by the oscillator 150 and the comparators of network 70. The latter compare the sawtooth signals with the signal from terminal 125, which latter signal decreases in a predetermined manner as the capacitor in circuit 180 discharges after the end of the inhibit period. Thus the firing angle of the thyristors is varied in a predetermined manner to progressively increase the voltage applied to the motor until the signal from terminal 125 falls to a predetermined value. When this is reached, the comparator 186 receiving the latter signal and a signal from resistor 196 representative of maximum desired motor torque, generates an output signal which is applied to circuit 180, to alter the discharge rate of its capacitor and hence the characteristic of the signal from terminal 125, whereby the rate of change of thyristor firing angle is increased to bring the motor(s) rapidly to the maximum torque and speed condition. Typical characteristics of the function generator signal and the motor torque and speed plotted against time are discussed for a motor starting operation, Figs. 8A and 8B (not shown). The circuits 67, 68, 70, 72, 74 and 76 are also described in detail, Figs. 6 and 9 (not shown). The motor(s) may be reversed either by operation of the contactor 18 to maintain its "reverse" switches permanently closed, in which case the motor(s) will be immediately brought up to full speed in the reverse direction, or by operation of the contactor 18 to stop the motor(s), followed by momentary opening and closure of the contactor to provide the starting sequence previously described. A second contactor may be provided to replace the network 14 when the full speed condition is reached, the thyristors thereby only being used for starting and stopping. Application of the invention to multiple speed motors is also described, such motors having a pole changing operation provided by switching between high and low speed stator windings and the increase to, decrease from and transition between these two speeds being accomplished by the starting and stopping sequences previously described. To slow from the high to the low speed, the counter torque is produced without phase reversal.