baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-342670-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the refining of fatty acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin wax or other high molecular organic compounds
IPC: C07C51/487
Filed: 1929-10-23
Abstract: The crude fatty acids formed by the oxidation of paraffin wax or other high molecular organic compound with the higher oxides of nitrogen or nitric acid, are purified by heating or distillation below about 300 DEG  C. with a reducing gas and, if desired, at increased pressure.  Carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures of these e.g. water or power gas may be used alone, or mixed with ammonia, steam or carbon dioxide as diluents.  A hydrogenating catalyst may be used.  The treatment may be effected in a tower filled with Raschig rings or clay, or in an autoclave.  The nitrogen-containing fatty acids, formed during oxidation, are stated to be reduced or split off.  The crude acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin wax with nitrogen oxides after washing free from mineral acid, are then (1) distilled at 280 DEG  C. in a current of hydrogen, or (2) reduced by zinc and dilute sulphuric acid at 60 DEG  C., or (3) dispersed in an acid or alkaline electrolyte and reduced electrolytically, or (4) freed from unoxidized wax by warming with methyl alcohol, and treating the resulting alcoholic solution of fatty acids at 40 DEG C. with hydrogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid and platinum asbestos as catalysts.  The solution may thereafter be further purified by treatment with chlorine water, hydrogen peroxide or distillation.  The remaining traces of amido acids may be removed by petroleum ether.  Specification 324,492, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is referred to.ALSO:The crude fatty acids formed by the oxidation of paraffin wax or other high molecular organic compound with the higher oxides of nitrogen or nitric acid, are purified by heating or distilling below about 300 DEG  C. with a reducing gas and, if desired, at increased pressure.  Carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures of these, e.g. power or water gas may be used, or mixed with ammonia, steam or carbon dioxide as diluents.  A hydrogenating catalyst may be used.  The treatment may be effected in a tower packed with Raschig rings or clay, or in an autoclave.  The nitrogen-containing fatty acids formed during oxidation, are stated to be reduced or split off.  The crude acids obtained by the oxidation of paraffin wax with nitrogen oxides after washing free from mineral acid, are then (1) distilled at 280 DEG  C. in a current of hydrogen, or (2) reduced by zinc and dilute sulphuric acid at 60 DEG  C., or (3) dispersed in an acid or alkaline electrolyte and reduced electrolytically, or (4) freed from unoxidized wax by warming with methyl alcohol, and treating the resulting alcoholic solution of fatty acids at 40 DEG  C. with hydrogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid and platinum asbestos as a catalyst.  The solution may thereafter be further purified by treatment with chlorine water, hydrogen peroxide or distillation.  The remaining traces of amido-acids may be removed by petroleum ether.  Specification 324,492, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is referred to.
Patent GB-876749-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for attaching moulding to a rail
IPC: F16B5/12
Filed: 1958-10-09
Abstract: 876,749. Clips. COOKE, R. S. Oct. 5, 1959 [Oct. 9, 1958], No. 32195/58. Class 44. An assembly of a clip c, moulding and a rail a comprises a longitudinally slotted tube b the spaced edges whereof are engaged by shouldered extremities of a spring steel clip c of substantially inverted V formation and which is provided with inwardly protruding prongs c<SP>4</SP> formed by piercing the wall of the clip so that they engage the face of the rail for retentive purposes.
Patent GB-1396423-A (GB)
Title: Angle-measuring instrument
IPC: G01D5/34
Filed: 1972-07-11
Abstract: 1396423 Photo-electric angle transducers AGA AB 11 July 1972 [23 Aug 1971] 32295/72 Heading G1A In an angle measuring instrument in which the movement of a member carrying two scales is detected by a photo-electric system producing quadrature output signals, each signal is processed by obtaining its mean value which is used to produce an output signal the D.C. level of which is held at a constant value, the mean value being obtained with the assistance of the quadrature signal, and one of the output signals is analyzed to obtain a measure of the movement of the member. The optical system for an angle measuring device Fig. 1 (not shown), comprises a LED source (1) the light from which is collimated (2) passed through a transparent disc carrying two circular scales (4, 5), reflected by means of a series of prisms (6, 8, 10) and lenses (7, 9) and passed through a diametrically opposite point of the disc. The light is then passed through a pair of beam separating prisms 12 to two photo-detectors (15, 16). The scales are arranged in phase quadrature relationship and passing the light beam through the disc twice doubles the number of scale markings scanned in one rotation of the disc. As shown, Fig. 2, the signals from the detectors 15, 16 are processed by means of circuits 22, 23 to produce the mean values which are then subtracted from the respective signals by differential amplifier 20, 21 to produce output signals with a constant (zero) D.C. level. Since the two input signals are in phase quadrature the maxima and minima of one signal occur at the zero crossings of the other and this is used to obtain the mean values. The signals from differential amplifiers are applied to limiters 24, 25 which trigger monostables 26, 27 at the zero crossing points and the output of each monostable is cross coupled to the mean value circuit of the other channel where it samples the input signal to alternately produce the maximum and minimum values which are then averaged to produce the mean value. The limited signals are also applied to a circuit 29 which counts the number of zero crossing points to obtain a measure of the angle of rotation of the disc. Circuit 29 may also store the signals and determine points of equality to effectively double the accuracy of the digital measurement. The signals from the outputs of the differential amplifiers 20, 21 together with the amplitude level signals obtained from the mean value circuits 22, 23 are applied to a circuit 28 which full wave rectifies the signals and compares the voltage levels present when the disc comes to rest with the amplitude levels to interpolate between adjacent digital counts. The outputs of counter 29 and interpolater 28 are applied to a digital display 30. A straight scale member with linear movement may also be used to measure angles.
Patent GB-629953-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to radar display systems
IPC: G01S13/538
Filed: 1946-10-31
Abstract: 629,953. Radiolocation. PUTTBATT, R. G. Oct. 31, 1946, No. 32368. [Class 40 (vii)] In a radar system employing a P.P.I. display, means are provided for distinguishing between permanent echoes and echoes from movable objects. A transparency, prepared by photographing the display when permanent echoes only are present, is used in an optical projection system which projects, in light of a colour different from the afterglow of the cathode-ray tube, an image of the permanent-echo display on to the screen of the cathode-ray tube, in registry with radar display thereon. Thus permanent echoes appear in a colour different from the afterglow colour, while the indications due to movable objects appearing in the spaces between the permanent echoes appear in the afterglow colour, and may be distinguished from the permanent echoes. Objects such as runways which are required on the display, but have poor reflecting properties, may be drawn on the cathode-ray tube screen, photographed, and then combined with the photograph of the permanent echoes to produce a composite transparency showing both permanent echoes and the additional objects. The system described also masks the flashes that occur at the instant that indications are laid down on the screen. The invention is also applicable to radar systems employing a dark trace tube; in this case the transparency used is a photographic negative,
Patent GB-485764-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cathode-ray type radio direction-finders
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 1936-11-26
Abstract: 485,764. Directive wireless signalling. JEFFCOCK, J. P. Nov. 26, 1936, No. 32432. [Class 40 (v)] A cathode ray indicator for taking rapid direction -finding observations, particularly on aircraft, is fitted with a cursor 5, Fig. 1, which is made to register, by means of a hand wheel 3, with the line of light marked out on the fluorescent screen. The corresponding bearing is shown on a scale 7, which rotates with the hand wheel and is viewed through an aperture S. In order to compensate automatically for " site error," a suitably-shaped cam 24 is mounted behind the hand wheel, as shown in Fig. 2, and co-operates with a cam 27 and levers 22, 17, 18. These move the indicatorline 9 relatively to the scale markings, according to the direction of the incoming signal. The indicator-line, which is marked on a transparent slip 10 arranged between the scale and an illuminated translucent background, is carried on a pair of lines 15, 16 attached to the camcontrolled levers. Alternately the scale divisions may be made uneven, so as to correct directly for site error. The cursor 5 may be rotated from a distance by a cable running in a groove formed in the hand wheel 3.
Patent GB-381000-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to methods of operating explosion chambers, in particular for internal combustion turbines and apparatus therefor
IPC: F02C9/16
Filed: 1931-11-24
Abstract: 381,000. Gas turbines. HOLZWARTH, H., 7, Goethestrasse, Dusseldorf, Germany. Nov. 24, 1931, No. 32581. Convention date, Nov. 26, 1930. [Class 110 (iii).] The fuel supply to an explosion turbine is automatically regulated in dependence on the pressure of the charging air so that a constant specific heat-content of the charge is obtained which is independent of the amount of the air pressure. A turbine 1, Fig. 1, has eight explosion chambers controlled by fuel pumps 3, 3<1>, 3<11>. The charging air pressure acts on a piston 13 supported by a spring 14, and the movement of this piston acts through links 11, 10, to oscillate a lever 2 to open or close a relief valve in the pump 3 through a rod 20 and roller 19, and so vary the amount of fuel delivered by the pump. All the pumps may be operated by one rod 11, Fig. 1. The charging air is supplied to an annular conduit 17 through a pipe 16. In a modification, Fig. 3, the piston 13 is supported by a spring 14, the pressure on which may be adjusted by a handwheel 27. A slide guide 28, 29 prevents rotation of the piston. A relief or byepass valve 23 is actuated by a rod 20 and roller 19. Fuel is supplied to an explosion chamber through a pressure valve 25 and pipe 26. The invention can be adopted to apparatus dealing with solid or gaseous fuel. The piston 13 may be replaced by a diaphragm.
Patent GB-920320-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical contacts and fuses
IPC: H01H85/20
Filed: 1961-09-12
Abstract: 920,320. Two-part couplings. PRITCHETT PTY. Ltd. Sept. 12, 1961 [Nov. 10, 1960], No. 32701/61. Class 38 (1). A male contact is formed from a metal strip (Fig. 9) cut and bent to form a central portion 13 (Fig. 8), engageable by a quick-connect female terminal member (Fig. 10, not shown), the male contact having an external contact surface 14, 15 on each side and a base portion 16 formed with a transverse slot 17 (Fig. 6) adjoining slots 18 in the external surfaces to receive a T-headed rivet or the like. An application to a conventional fuseholder is described.
Patent GB-366132-A (GB)
Title: Casing control gate for wells
IPC: E21B33/06
Filed: 1930-10-31
Abstract: 366,132. Wells. SHAFFER, W. D., P.O. Box 398, Brea, California, U.S.A. Oct. 31, 1930, No. 32798. [Class 85.] A control gate for shutting off flow from wells comprises slides 2 movable in a shell S as by right-and-left-threaded screws 14, each slide having upper and lower semicircular recesses 3 ; rubber &c. packing 4 is held to the slides by segments 7 which may be rigidly secured but are preferably slidable on screws 12 so that the weight of an inner string casing T may be applied and assist in expressing the packing. If no inner casing is present, slides as in Fig. 6 are substituted for those shown in Figs. 1 and 2. A set of gates may be provided suitably spaced in the casing to permit passage of casing collars without escape of gas &c.
Patent GB-1151855-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a Method of Assembling a Regular Polygonal Article from a Number of Blocks.
Inventor: HOSEGOOD SAMUEL BRITTAN
IPC: G21C5/14
Filed: 1965-07-30
Abstract: 1,151,855. Moderator structures. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. 15 July, 1966 [30 July, 1965], No. 32828/65. Heading G6C. A nuclear reactor moderator is formed of graphite blocks assembled in layers which are interlocked. The layers 11, 12 are hexagonal and are each formed of six identical blocks. The bore 17 may accommodate either fuel handling equipment or control rods. Vertical holes (not shown), are drilled in the blocks to receive fuel rods. The projections 1, 2 on adjacent blocks fit together in pairs within the tapered grooves 9, of the blocks in the adjoining layers. Recesses 13 are cut in the side faces 5, 6 of the top layer blocks to form handling slots.
Patent GB-521291-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to alternating current electric motors
IPC: H02K19/14
Filed: 1938-11-11
Abstract: 521,291. Alternating-current motors. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and BOTTLE, E. K. Nov. 11, 1938, No. 32851. [Class 35] In a synchronous motor of the type comprising a rotor having a squirrel-cage starting-winding the portions of the rotor between the poles are so constructed that the difference in reluctance between these portions and those forming the poles is comparatively small while the motor is at rest, but while it is running and the flux 'through the rotor is consequently increased these portions are saturated, thus increasing the difference in reluctance of the different part of the rotor. The Figure shows a six-pole rotor according to the invention. The portions between the poles are occupied by deep slots 9 between which are narrow portions of iron. In the pole-portions of the rotor are shallow slots 8, open on the surface to increase the reluctance.
Patent GB-1047956-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in methods of frequency measurement
IPC: G01R23/00
Filed: 1963-08-20
Abstract: 1,047,956. Determining receiver tuning frequency. COMPAGNIE FRANCAISE THOMPSON-HOUSTON. Aug. 20, 1963 [Aug. 21, 1962], No. 32897/63. Heading H4L. [Also in Divisions Gl and G4] An arrangement for determining the frequency to which an amplitude modulation radio receiver R is tuned comprises oscillating circuits 11 which produce two signals at frequencies F and F+#F, multiplying devices 12, 13 to which the signals are separately applied which provide when their outputs are combined a series of frequency doublet signals F and F+#F, 2F and 2(F+#F), - - - nF and n(F+#F), extending over the tuning range of the receiver, which are applied to the receiver input and a comparator 10 which receives from the receiver output after demodulation as a first input the product of the doublet signals which fall within the pass band of the receiver, e.g. product n#F when the receiver passes the doublet nF and n(F + #F) and as a second input a signal at frequency #F and derives a value for n whereby the frequency to which the receiver is tuned is given by nF. The comparator 10 may include a gate circuit via which the signals n#F pass to a counter, e.g. during one cycle of #F and means for indicating the count which equals the value n. Or the comparator may include an adjustable divider to which the signal n#F is applied, a-comparator for indicating zero beat between the divider output and the signal at frequency #F and means for indicating the divisor which is equal to the value n.
Patent GB-506523-A (GB)
Title: Electromagnetic devices for performing switching and the like operations
IPC: H01H50/32
Filed: 1937-11-29
Abstract: 506,523. Electromagnets. HENLEY'S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO., Ltd., W. T., MOOR, E.; and WHEELER, H. S. Nov. 29, 1937, No. 32957. [Class 35] [Also in Group XXXVII] in an electromagnetic device of the general charactor described in Specifications 291,494 and 318,950 having an armature 1 carrying a winding 6 and movable between two positions when field windings 9 are energized, the windings 9 being antomatically de-energized during the movement of the armature, e.g. just before the armature reaches its central position, the armature is adapted to be latched in its end positions by a latch 12 which engages one end or the other of a segment 11 mounted on the armature shaft 2. The latch 12 is biassed into engagement by a spring 16 and adapted to be moved out of engagement each time the windings 9 are energized by the attraction of the lower limb 8 of the U-shaped field core for an armature fixed to the latch.
Patent GB-668223-A (GB)
Title: Aerial coupling units
Inventor: COWIE ALEXANDER
IPC: H01Q1/28
Filed: 1949-12-23
Abstract: 668,223. Aerials; aerial coupling arrangements. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. Nov. 21, 1950 [Dec. 23, 1949], No. 33022/49. Classes 40 (v) and 40 (vii). A coupling unit for energizing a metalskinned aircraft wing as an aerial comprises a metal-walled shallow recess d<SP>1</SP>, d2, d<SP>3</SP> in the leading edge a of the wing, the mouth of the recess being closed by an insulating cover e on the underside of which is mounted a copper strip f, the inboard edge of the conductor being connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial feeder g whose outer conductor is bonded to the adjacent wall d<SP>1</SP> and the outboard end being curved at f<SP>1</SP> so as to be capacitatively coupled to the wall d<SP>3</SP> and a protruding portion a<SP>1</SP> of the edge; alternatively a condenser may be connected between the end of the conductor and the edge of the wing. The recess is preferably #/4 long and #/10 deep and the portions e, f, a<SP>1</SP>, d<SP>1</SP> and d<SP>2</SP> may comprise a detachable unit, the wall d<SP>2</SP> being formed by the main spar of the wing. Two of the coupling units may be employed as disclosed in Specification 668,222 to produce a substantially omni-directional polar diagram.
Patent GB-426742-A (GB)
Title: An improved system for transmitting scenes and pictures by wire or wireless telegraphy
IPC: H04N3/04
Filed: 1933-11-27
Abstract: 426,742. Television. KING, J. B., Chyverton, Gover Road, St. Austell, Cornwall. Nov. 27, 1933, No. 33074. [Class 40 (iii)] Light from an object is radially diffused by a wire gauze C, Fig. 1, a plurality of prisms E and lenses F producing a plurality of images N, Fig. 3, on a rotating drum H having a narrow slot I from which light falls on a cell J. At the receiver, a similar drum rotates behind a plurality of projecting lenses all focused on the same screen. Alternatively, a single lens may be employed with a drum having a plurality of slots. The system may be adapted for reproduction in colour by the use of suitable colour filters G, Fig. 1.
Patent GB-373940-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to turbines
IPC: F01D21/00
Filed: 1931-11-30
Abstract: 373,940. Gas turbines. AKT.-GES BROWN, BOVERI, ET CIE, Baden, Switzerland. Nov. 30, 1931, No. 33099. Convention date, May 4. [Class 110 (iii).] In an exhaust gas turbine means are provided to enable the blades to be inspected and the clearances to be measured without dismantling. In the windage protection extension of the nozzle ring 2 surrounding the rotor 1, one or more holes 3 are cut. When a cover 7 is removed the wheel may be inspected through the hole. The cover 7 may carry a plug 9 adapted to close the hole to prevent whistling. An inspection hole 11 may also be provided on the inlet side.
Patent GB-1356288-A (GB)
Title: Envelope opening apparatus and method
IPC: B43M7/00
Filed: 1971-07-14
Abstract: 1356288 Facilitating severance of envelopes KENCO CORP 14 July 1971 [21 Sept 1970] 33136/71 Heading B4B [Also in Division F4] In an arrangement for opening envelopes, one or more edges of the envelope are weakened in turn by subjecting an unsupported edge of the envelope to radiant heat. The edge 36 of an envelope 33, Fig. 2, carried by belts 12, 13 passes through a channel 31 heated by elements 34, 35. The envelope edge may be heated by radiation focused on it by reflectors 41, Fig. 3, or a lens (Fig. 4, not shown). A radiant element may be mounted within a channel aligned with the edge of the envelope, or a laser beam may be focused on to the edge of the envelope. Envelopes after being charred along three edges are opened by the action of a roller contacting the upper surface on an envelope flat on the conveyer, the roller running at a different speed from the conveyer.
Patent GB-878068-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of basic benzilic acid ester derivatives
Inventor: KLOSA JOSEF
Filed: 1959-09-30
Abstract: The invention comprises a basic benzilic acid ester derivative of general formula <FORM:0878068/IV (b)/1> in which R is a halogen or hydroxyl group, which may be free, esterified or etherified, or an acid-addition or quaternary ammonium salt of a compound of the above general formula such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide and methiodide, and processes for the preparation of such a compound (1) by esterifying benzilic acid or a functional derivative (such as the ethyl ester) with 1-dimethylaminopropan-2-ol or with 1-dimethylamino-2-halopropane, (2) by reacting an a ,a -diphenyl-a -acyloxyacetyl halide with 1-dimethylaminopropan-2-ol, (3) by replacing the free hydroxyl group of the benzilic acid ester by a halogen atom by means of thionyl halide, (4) by esterifying the free hydroxyl group of the benzilic acid ester by means of an acid anhydride or chloride, (5) by replacing the halogen atom of the required a ,a -diphenyl-a -haloacetic acid ester by an alkyloxy group, for example by heating with an alcohol or alkali metal alcoholate, and (6) by reacting a ,a -diphenyl-a -alkoxyacetic acid ester with 1-dimethylamino-propanol-(2) and continuously distilling off the alcohol formed.  In each of the above processes, the resulting basic benzilic acid ester may be converted into an acid addition or quaternary salt.  Detailed examples are given.
Patent GB-870931-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in eddy current couplings
Inventor: JAESCHKE RALPH LOUIS
IPC: H02K49/04
Filed: 1959-10-01
Abstract: 870,931. Eddy-current couplings. EATON MANUFACTURING CO. Oct. 1, 1959 [April 13, 1959], No. 33260/59. Class 35. An eddy-current coupling has two rings of interdigitated poles 33, 35 on one member, and eddy-current drum surfaces consisting of sheet metal segments 53, 55 on the other member, these segments being carried on inwardly tapered axial cooling fins 43 secured to rotor discs 39. The fins are secured to the eddycurrent segments and rotor discs by welding, the joint between the fins and rotor discs being located by interengaging notches 41, 46. As shown the fins have thickened base portions 45, but in a modification they are uniformly tapered. Oblique bracing members 71, producing a triangular structure, are let through apertures 67 in the radial fins. Cooling air is drawn axially through the fins and air gap by fan blades 15, 23. In a modification, the active rotors (33, 53 and 35, 55) are axially spaced to make way for a central fan which draws air from both ends towards the centre of the machine. In an alternative fin mounting, the rotor discs are of shallow conical form and have axial flanges to which the inner edges of the fins are welded.