baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-749696-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the dehydration of carboxylic acids by distillation
IPC: C07C51/48
Filed: 1953-06-24
Abstract: In the distillation of acid solutions obtained by extracting relatively concentrated (i.e. 18 per cent or higher), aqueous solutions of volatile fatty acids by means of a solvent such as an ether, an ester or methyl tetrahydrofurane, the acid extract solution (containing water) is distilled under reflux and liquid is withdrawn from a point in the distillation column at which the reflux temperature is between the boiling point of the hydrated solvent and 100 DEG C., the liquid consisting of water containing a small proportion of acid and a very small proportion of solvent. The withdrawn liquid may be added to the aqueous acid to be extracted. As described, the liquid is withdrawn from a point above the point at which the extract is continuously introduced into the column.  When the solvent forms a water immiscible azeotropic mixture with water a decanter may be arranged at the top of the column.  In an example 25 per cent aqueous acetic acid was extracted with ethyl acetate saturated with water and the extract, containing 16 per cent acetic acid and 13 per cent water introduced continuously into the lower third of a column at the top of which the vapours were completely condensed.  The condensate was decanted, part of the resulting water-saturated ethyl acetate returned as reflux and part returned to the extraction process.  During the distillation a mixture consisting of 67 per cent water, 17 per cent acetic acid and 16 per cent ethyl acetate was withdrawn from a plate at the bottom of the upper third part of the column, having a temperature of 85 DEG C., and added to the aqueous acid to be extracted.  In a second example ether is used as the solvent.
Patent GB-237588-A (GB)
Title: An improved fastening device
IPC: A44B17/00
Filed: 1925-07-10
Abstract: 237,588. Ferdinand, F. July 23, 1924, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Act]. Stud-and-socket fastenings. - A stud 5 engages a socket member made from wire bent to form two eyelets 1, 2, the head being passed into the larger eyelet 2 and retained in the smaller eyelet 1. Loops 3, 4 are formed at the ends of the wire for attaching the socket to a garment &c.
Patent GB-145626-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in connection with hats
IPC: A42B1/06
Filed: 1920-06-29
Abstract: 145,626. Grosjean, V. L. Jan. 13, 1915, [Convention date]. Linings.-A hat lining, Figs. 3 and 4, has a comparatively wide rigid stiffener f in a sheath e entirely closed at the ends k so that changes in the sizes of hats can be effected by crossing the ends E of the lining. The stiffener is arranged to lie flat or to be on edge as at o, Fig. 10. The edges h, i, of the sheath containing the stiffener are arranged to project to facilitate fastening to the hat. A reeving tape d is accommodated in a sleeve e.
Patent GB-1448789-A (GB)
Title: Diganoses of disease states utilizing light
IPC: G01N15/14
Filed: 1974-04-24
Abstract: 1448789 Image analysis UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION 24 April 1974 [7 May 1973] 17855/74 Heading H4F To determine the type, amount or position of an antibody or antigen in a biological cell, a dye is used to stain the particular antibody or antigen and the cell is then scanned with a small optical beam and the resulting fluorescence or absorption is measured. The measurements are preferably displayed on a colour TV. Fig. 2 shows how three fluorescent measurements of light from cell 20<SP>1</SP> are made with detectors 1-3; the cell is illuminated by a laser 101 via scanner 14<SP>1</SP>, beam splitter 16<SP>1</SP> and an optical arrangement 18<SP>1</SP> which reduces the laser beam to a 1 Á size. Each detector has a filter 56, 58 or 60 so that the detectors respond to different wavelengths. The detector signals are normalized against a reference beam received by a monitor 34<SP>1</SP> via the beam splitter 16<SP>1</SP>. The normalization takes place in processor 62, where the monitor signal is suitably delayed and the signals are combined with synchronizing signals from the scanner. The processed signals are recorded, optionally with integration at 61. The signal from scanner 14<SP>1</SP> also allows a TV display 63 to be synchronized. An absorption detector 48 can also be used, either alone or with the fluorescence measurements. If a multiple wavelength source is used, multiple absorption detectors may be provided, Fig. 3 (not shown). Measurements may be made using a single fluorescence detector, Fig. 1 (not shown). The scanner can produce an X-Y scan, in which case the cell is effectively stationary during measurement, or an X scan, in which case the cell must be moved. The detectors preferably produce an a.m. electric analog signal, though phase modulated or digital signals may be used.
Patent GB-1425350-A (GB)
Title: Device for electric fence
IPC: A01K3/00
Filed: 1973-04-13
Abstract: 1425350 Electric fences NITRO NOBEL AB 13 April 1973 [14 April 1972] 17993/73 Heading E1B An electric fence comprises a plurality of posts and at least one electrically conducting wire secured to the posts and connected to a high tension unit, the wire being in the form of a strip of aluminium coated on its faces but not its edges with insulating material, preferably polyester, polyethylene or PVC. The wire is twisted between the posts to be in helical formation. The coating may be coloured to frighten or interest the animals. The wire is attached to the posts by eye-bolts or by looping and passing through or around the posts.
Patent GB-577072-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of hard carbides
IPC: C01B31/30
Filed: 1942-12-22
Abstract: 577,072. Carbides. POKORNY, E. A. Dec. 22, 1942, No. 18162. [Class 1 (ii)] Hard carbides, e.g., of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum niobium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, &c. are made by carburizing the metal in the form it its alloy with a metal which lowers the melting point and dissolves the carbide to only a limited extent, and filtering the suspension of carbide in molten metal through a refractory filter. As alloying metals iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese are suitable. The filter may be made of porous carbon or graphite or a refractory metal or carbide.
Patent GB-913399-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to vertical gas retorts
Inventor: IUTZ VICTOR
IPC: C10B25/04
Filed: 1961-05-19
Abstract: 913,399. Discharging-doors for retorts. NORTH THAMES GAS BOARD. May 19, 1961, No. 18365/61. Class 55 (1). A vertical gas retort has a water seal at its lower end comprising an outlet drain 13 having a closure member 14 which is attached to one end of a lever 16 which is mounted to pivot about a horizontal axis 19 and a vertical axis 20, movement about the axis 19 moving the member 41 axially towards and away from the drain 13, and movement about the axis 20 moving the member 14 to one side of the drain, means 23 being provided for holding down the end of the lever 16 remote from the member 14 so that the member 14 is held up to close the drain. The lever 16 is pivoted by a pin 19 to a bracket 18 which is pivotally attached by a pin 20 to a plate 21 fixed to the water seal. The member 23 has guides 24 running on the lever 16 and is movable along the lever 16 by a handle 17.
Patent GB-1067288-A (GB)
Title: Production of titanium dioxide
Inventor: HUGHES WILLIAM
IPC: C09C1/36
Filed: 1965-05-01
Abstract: Pigmentary titanium dioxide is produced by calcining conditioned titanium dioxide, leaching with aqueous mineral acid at pH below 4, adjusting the pH of the suspension to a value of at least 5 (preferably 7) and separating the TiO2 from suspension.  Thereafter it is subjected to milling and/or coating processes to produce the pigment.  Conditioning agents mentioned are compounds of zinc antimony and/or tin (particularly oxides) potassium, sodium or aluminium compounds and phosphorus containing compounds.  Sulphuric acid is the desired leaching agent.  Dispersing agents mentioned are alkali metal silicates, polyphosphates or amines.
Patent GB-130523-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Grenades and other Explosive Shells.
Inventor: HILDER EDWIN JAMES
IPC: F42C1/06
Filed: 1918-11-11
Abstract: 130,523. Hilder, E. J. Nov. 11, 1918. Projectiles; projectile fuses -Relates to firing-devices in which a striker is released on impact in any direction by the momentum of a weight acting on a pair of levers. According to the invention, a weight 7 comprising two cones connected by their apexes is arranged between a pair of levers 1, 2 situated in the same plane, one of which acts as a trigger for a spring striker 9, the momentum of the weight 7 on impact causing the levers to open out and release the striker. In the grenade shown in Fig. 2, the levers are locked at safe by a longitudinal bolt 14 normally in engagement with a hole 15 in the lever 1. This bolt is thrown out during flight by the explosion of a cartridge beneath its head 17, the cartridge being fired by a short time fuse 19 ignited by a cap 23 struck by a firing-pin 24 operated by hand when the grenade is thrown by hand, or by inertia when the grenade is discharged from a rifle. The firing- pin is held at safe by a shear wire 26, and by a split pin 28, which is pulled out by hand by means of a head or ring 30. In the grenade shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the lever 1 is locked at safe by a transverse bolt 33 which is pressed against the lever 1 by means of a tape 36 wound round the grenade in a known manner. The inner end of the tape is secured to the bolf and the outer end ,to a flat coiled spring 40 provided with a bar 37 which is hooked on to a stirrup 34 on the bolt and is locked by a split pin 41. Before the grenade is thrown, the split pin is removed by means of a string 43, and the bar 37 unhooked from the stirrup. When the grenade is thrown, the tape unwinds and a spring 35 withdraws the bolt 33. The grenades are made with circular bands 31, 32 which, when the grenade is to be discharged from a rifle, fits into a socket at the muzzle of the rifle.
Patent GB-637530-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machines for bending metal members
IPC: B21D7/06
Filed: 1947-06-11
Abstract: 637,530. Making hollow-ware; railway vehicle bodies &c. GREEN, L. B. July 11, 1947, No. 18467. Convention date, June 22, 1940. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv)] Angular bending; cupping.; dies.-Flanged metal members, e.g. structural sections, sheetmetal refrigerator - cabinets, railway - vehicle bodies, &c., are bent to arch shape by sweep arms co-operating with a relatively fixed die, means being provided to restrain the flanges from buckling. The middle of the member is stamped into bow form by closing the die against an abutment. Dies : The mandrel die 24, Figs. 13, 14 and abutment die 23 are of sectional construction for size adjustment and comprise bodies 42, 44 with hardened faces 43, 44a between which the work flanges are supported. The dies are curved for cupping the middle region of the member, and the die 24 has curved ends 45 acting as formers for the angular bending. The frame 22, Fig. 2, supports the fixed die 23 and has. a slide 28 reciprocated by a fluid pressure cylinder 33 through rack 34, pinion 45 and links 32 arranged for dead centre locking in the forward position and controlled by a valve 38 and switch 39. A carrier 27 for the die 24 is rotated about a spindle 30 of the slide 28 by rack 71 and fixed pinion 72, on operation of a fluid-pressure cylinder 70 with valve 77 and switch 80. The angular bending-dies 25 also have hardened flange-restraining faces 46 and are provided with racks 50 co-operating with gear segments 48 co-axial with the ends 45 to ensure tangential, slip-free motion in bending. Sprung rollers 53 supported by thrust ways 58 of the frame 22, are guided in wing arms 51 diverged by toggle links 63 operated by fluid-pressure cylinder 60 with valve 66 and switch 67. The arms 51 are also pivoted co-axial with the ends 45 and the dies 25, partly supported by shoulders 69 engaging the rollers 53 are bevelled at 48b, to closely engage bevels 48a of the die 23. Work guides : Lateral support and guide ways, Fig. 6 (not shown), have gauging-stops for positioning the work. In operation, with the work sited, the switches 39 and 67 are made to move the dies 23, 24 together to bow the middle and then sweep the dies 25 around the locked die 24 acting as a mandrel, the flanges being restrained from buckling during the bending. The dies 23, 24 are then separated and the switch 80 rotates the carrier 27 to permit lateral work removal. In a modification the die faces 23, 24 are flat and there is no cupping. In a further modification, Fig. 17 (not shown), the sweep dies carry pins engaging exterior cam guides, the operating rollers are connected directly to the toggle links and the die carrier is swung manually.
Patent GB-103980-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Oilstones or Hones suitable for Sharpening Razors and the like.
Inventor: BARRETT JAMES HULIN
IPC: B24D15/08
Filed: 1916-12-27
Abstract: 103,980. Barrett, J. H., and Selway, J. D. Dec. 27, 1916. Oilstones and hones.-One or more grooves are formed across the surface of an oilstone or hone to accommodate the back of a razor blade. The grooves may be of various depths and contours and variously spaced; they may be formed on more than one surface of the stone.
Patent GB-1471241-A (GB)
Title: Support elements for supporting conductors in a cable
IPC: H01B12/06
Filed: 1975-05-02
Abstract: 1471241 Support element for low temperature cable SIEMENS AG 2 May 1975 [31 May 1974] 18564/75 Heading H1A A support element for helically wound conductors in a low temperature cable comprises at least two rings 2-7, 6 spaced along a common axis and connected together by webs 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, the front end of the element formed to be engageable with the rear end of a seconed element to allow limited axial displacement. When interconnected, barbs 25 on extensions 22 engage behind a ring 7 which has a tapered inside surface; the part-cylindrical surfaces 26, being wider than the ring, allow a limited degree of axial movement and the 90 degrees displacement of adjacent webs imparts flexibility to the supports. Low pressure polyethylene is mentioned as a suitable material.
Patent GB-515458-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to signs
IPC: G09F7/08
Filed: 1938-06-23
Abstract: 515.458. Indicator boards. HORTON, W. G., and GRAY HORTON PRODUCTS. Ltd. June 23, 1938, Nos. 18669 and 18670. [Class 118 (i)] [Also in Group XVIII] Signs, notice boards &c. of the kind comprising a bar or bars carrying letters or other characters and removably mounted in a frame with resilient retaining means have these retaining means mounted on the bar or bars. The bars 11, grooved to receive characters 16 are arranged in a frame 7 with a front flange 10 against which they are held by strip springs 13, or helical or rubber springs, secured to the bars and bearing against bearers 9 or the back 8 of the case or the wall on which the frame is mounted. The bars can be withdrawn by pressing inwards and sliding laterally to disengage one end, and the front corners may have notches 12 or other means to position the bars in 'the frame. The bars may be formed of two parallel sections 17, 18, Fig. 5, providing a recess and a groove 23 to receive and lock the shank 21 of the character 22, and ihe two sections may be connected by parallel'links 19 and drawn together by a spring,
Patent GB-225172-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to a process and device of distilling bituminous substances at a low temperature
IPC: C10B1/10
Filed: 1924-08-06
Abstract: 225,172. Kohlenscheidungs-Ges. Nov. 24, 1923, [Convention date]. Carbonizing processes and apparatus. - Low temperature carbonizing is carried out in two separate chambers or retorts, in the first of which the material is positively conveyed and heated to a temperature sufficient to soften it, and not exceeding 400‹ C. In the second chamber, the material is moved as little as possible while being heated to 500‹ C., and the formation of dust is thereby avoided. The material is fed through a pipe b into a rotary drum a and discharged into a chamber c from which the coke is removed by alternately actuated slides d. e. The apparatus is heated by combustion gases which are led first through flues surrounding the chamber c and then through a space h around the drum a. The distillation products are withdrawn either at an outlet f or at a point k between the two parts of the apparatus. Heating may be effected directly by the introduction of steam or gas. Specification 136,868 is referred to.
Patent GB-734199-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to circuit arrangements for use with electron discharge devices
Inventor: ELBOURN ROLAND WILLIAM
IPC: H04N5/228
Filed: 1952-07-24
Abstract: 734,199. Television. CINEMA-TELEVISION, Ltd. July 22, 1953 [July 24, 1952], No. 18744/52. Class 40 (3). The output from a television picture signal generating tube 1 of the type in which a fixed pattern is impressed on a target 5 in the form of regions 6 having a secondary emission coefficient different from that of the target is derived from across two impedances 9 and 11 the first of which connects the target to the anode 7 and the second of which connects the anode to the H.T. source 8. In such tubes it is found that the values of coefficient of secondary emission vary from their desired values by a large amount such that the difference in coefficient between adjacent areas may be small compared with the value of larger coefficient. As a result the desired signal output in the target impedance 9 produced by movement of the scanning beam from one area to the other may be small compared with the signal resulting from the impact of the electron beam on the target and it is difficult to separate the desired from the undesired signal. The effect of impedance 11 is to add a voltage proportional to the scanning current of opposite polarity to that produced across impedance 9 so as to shift the output voltage with respect to zero and displace the desired signal into an amplitude range exclusive to itself where it may readily be separated. The ratio of the values of the ohmic components of impedances 11 and 9 is made equal to the amount by which the higher coefficient of emission exceeds unity. Under these conditions the output signal is always either negative or zero. The value of impedance 11 is made adjustable to accommodate variations in the coefficient of secondary emission.
Patent GB-265459-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in bases and foundations of steelwork trestles and like structures
IPC: E02D27/42
Filed: 1926-07-28
Abstract: 265,459. Asseler, J. d'. July 28, 1926. Foundations for steelwork trestles, towers, and the like are formed of a lower underground portion 17 with open central portion and an upper ground-level portion 5 secured to the lower by upstanding bolts 7. Each portion is formed of metal or concrete beams and the bolts may be encased with concrete. The upper portion is formed on one side with upstanding ears 12 between which are disposed lugs on the tower portion, the bolts 16 forming hinges about which the tower is raised, and a shoe 10 on the opposite side of the tower foot serving as a means to secure the tower in position.
Patent GB-829812-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to encoders
Inventor: FREEDMAN ARYE LEIB
Filed: 1957-06-14
Abstract: 829,812. Electric selective signalling systems. ERICSSON TELEPHONES Ltd. March 18, 1958 [June 14, 1957], No. 18889/57. Class 40 (1). [Also in Group XXXIX] Two encoders using saturable reactors are described. The thick vertical lines represent annular magnetic cores. A decimal digit, Fig. 1, is converted into a 2-out-of-5 code. A positive pulse on one of input terminals T1- T10 operates the appropriate core 11-20 to the P state, so inducing a positive pulse in the two related output windings connected to output terminals 01-05. The core is reset either by continuous current or a pulse applied to terminal R1 and so to windings 31-40. When the core is reset negative pulses appear on the related output windings. Rectifiers may be included in the output circuits to pass only the positive or the negative pulses. One of seven inputs, Fig. 2, is converted into binary code in substantially the same manner. The reset windings may be omitted if the cores have an appropriate hysteresis curve.
Patent GB-702234-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cartridge fuse carriers
IPC: H01H85/56
Filed: 1951-08-10
Abstract: 702,234. Fusible cut-outs. HENLEYS TELEGRAPH WORKS CO., Ltd., W. T., and MOOR, E. Aug. 11, 1952 [Aug. 10, 1951], No. 18893/51 Drawings to Specification. Class 38 (1)  The Specification describes the cartridge  fuse carrier and contact clips of Figs. 1-4 of  Specification 702,233 but the claims differ.
Patent GB-1112889-A (GB)
Title: Polymerisation process
Inventor: JANES WILLIAM HENRY
IPC: C08F10/00
Filed: 1966-04-29
Abstract: Polyethylene is made by contacting ethylene with a p -allylic compound of zirconium or hafnium.  A hydrocarbon inert solvent in which the allylic compound and ethylene are soluble may be present. Specified allylic compounds are zirconium tetrakis (p -allyl) and tetrakis (p -allyl) hafnium.
Patent GB-258842-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in acoustic diaphragms
IPC: H04R7/22
Filed: 1926-07-30
Abstract: 258,842. LumiÞre, L. Sept. 28, 1925, [Convention date]. Addition to 256,252. Diaphragms.-The diaphragm described in the parent Specification is mounted so that the ridge p between the two parts a, a<1> of the diaphragm is in a plane with the two parallel opposite edges that are fixed to the supporting frame c<2>. The two sides c, c<1> of the frame are cut to a prismatic form, the faces against which the diaphragm bears being at a tangent to the surface of the diaphragm.
Patent GB-1494977-A (GB)
Title: Operating valve arrangements
IPC: B66D1/28
Filed: 1976-05-10
Abstract: 1494977 Fluid-pressure servomotor systems HYDRAULIK BRATTVAAG AS 10 May 1976 [20 Mayl975] 19088/76 Heading G3P A slide valve (not shown) is durably connected to a handle 28 for direct manual operation of the valve and to a servomotor control system through a rotatable lever 70a connected to the valve and a pair of actuating members 80 which on operation of said control system are selectively advanced into the path of movement of the lever 70a so as to rotate the lever 70a and so actuate the valve. The members 80 are carried by cup shaped members 79 which are urged apart by a spring 74. The servomotor control system comprises a pair of slide valves (37a, 37b), Fig 2, (not shown) which are selectively moved by a manually operated rocker (48) to connect either a conduit 41 or a conduit 42 to a pressure supply line. The conduits 41, 42 connect with passages in the casing 76 which houses the members 79, so that pressure is selectively applied to one of two pistons 78 attached to the members 79 in order to advance the associated actuating member 80 against the action of the spring 74. The degree of rotation of said rocker (48) determines the positions of the slide valves (37a, 37b), of the members 79 and hence the position of the main slide valve.
Patent GB-644393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in welded joints
IPC: E04B1/58
Filed: 1947-07-17
Abstract: 644,393. Making girders; uniting by fusion. KEOHRING CO. July 17, 1947, No. 19184. Convention date, Aug. 15, 1940. [Classes 83 (ii) and 83 (iv)] [Also in Group X] A lattice type beam comprises angle members 1, Fig. 1, and interconnecting tubular members 2, each end portion 2a, Figs. 2, 3, of each member 2 being flattened and tapered by shearing it at approximately a 45 degree angle and the shearing also providing the end edge portion 3 with a bevel which is welded to the bevelled edge 4 of the angle member 1, the peaks of the bevelled edges abutting at 5 to provide a space for the weld material 6. Beam sections are connected by means of discs 7, Figs. 1, 4, welded to the ends of the angle members 1, adjacent discs being connected by bolts or rivets 8. Diagonal bracing bars 9 are bolted to the discs 7. The construction is applicable to flat girders, round columns, U-beams, and angle and like beams.