Patent GB-867723-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to magnetic data storage devices
IPC: G11C8/00
Filed: 1958-11-14
Abstract: 867,723. Magnetic recording &c. apparatus. INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS & TABULATORS Ltd. Nov. 14, 1958 [Nov. 18, 1957], No. 36694/58. Class 40 (2). [Also in Groups XIX, XXXV and XXXVI] Digital or analogue data signals are stored in a magnetic storage film, which may be on a glass substrate, or on a tape, a cylinder, or an annular disc, by causing a magnetic field to travel in an associated magnetic scanning film and controlling the effect of this field on the storage film in accordance with the data signals so as to store therein a static pattern of magnetization. The travelling magnetic field is the field appearing at an inter-domain wall or walls 16 produced in the thin film-scanning member 11 (Fig. 1), as the boundary between domain 21 magnetized in the easy direction 14 and domain 17 in which the magnetization has been changed to the opposite direction by an applied switching field Hs. The time varying field Hs may be given a uniform gradient along the direction of edge 23 or this effect may be obtained by tapering the thickness of the scanning film 11 in this direction, area 17 increasing with movement of wall 16 as the switching field Hs increases. The travelling field of the inter-domain wall 16 switches the magnetism of the adjacent material of thinfilm high coercive force storage member 12 as it passes except where it is prevented from doing so by an inhibiting field produced by current signals in a time sequence corresponding to the data to be stored. Instead of using an inhibiting field, the storage member 12 may have a large switching time compared to the scanning member 11 and the scanning inter-domain wall 16 may move too fast to switch the material of 12, its velocity being reduced at the desired position to write in the appropriate data. Read-out is done by causing the field of an inter-domain wall in the scanning film to traverse the storage film, the local magnetic fields of the storage film producing an irregular velocity pattern of the traversing wall which appears as voltage variations in the sensing winding. Erasure of the stored data is prevented either by an inhibiting field or by causing the traversing wall to move at too high a speed to switch the magnetized areas. Another way of obtaining a switching field gradient is by using two vacuum deposited conducting films 28, 29 (Figs. 4 and 5), carrying currents I<SP>1</SP>s, I<SP>11</SP>s in opposite directions, the conducting film 28 tapering in width so that a resultant switching field Hs varying as shown in Fig. 6, is obtained and produces an inter-domain wall in the scanning film 11 which moves as current I<SP>1</SP>s is increased. The scanning film is screened from external fields including the earth's field. Curvature of the inter-domain walls may be inhibited by providing the storage film with grooves or other straight line discontinuities. Wall movement in the storage film may be inhibited by depositing impurities together with the magnetic material of the film or by producing a film with minute discontinuities by depositing it through a finely-divided screen. Write-in and read-out may be effected by using a pair of closely associated interdomain walls (Fig. 7, not shown), and the directions of easy magnetization of the scanning and storage films may be parallel instead of perpendicular to each other. Successive sets of magnetic films with their conductor films can be built up using a single substrate as a base. The storage film may be on a magnetic tape which moves past the switching field, with or without the scanning film. Alternatively, the films may be arranged as cylinders or as rings (Figs. 10 and 11, not shown). Periodic variations produced during write-in by discontinuities in the storage film may be sensed to provide an external clock. A self-clocked read-out and double-pulse recording, as described in Specification 836,360, may be employed. A sequence of oppositely oriented domains may be used for each bit cell. Storage of analogue data.-The analogue signal is transformed by pulse width modulation and applied to the winding producing the inhibiting field, or where velocity modulation is employed, is used to modulate the current I<SP>1</SP>s. Variations in the magnitude of the analogue quantity are then representated by variations in width of the domains in the storage member. In an alternative arrangement a storage member of non-square loop material (Fig. 9) is employed and has multiple domain thickness as shown. The travelling field of domain wall 16 establishes areas of varying effective strengths of magnetization in accordance with the analogue quantity which is to be stored. Random domains originating from nuclei such as impurities, thin spots, scratches, &c. in the scanning film may be used the selective application of an inhibiting field during movement of the domain walls producing a pattern of magnetization in the storage film. Fig. 14 shows four successive stages in the position of random domain walls at A and B in scanning film 11 and Fig. 15, the effect produced in storage film 12 by the application of an inhibiting field during movement of the inter-domain walls from 1 to 2 and from 3 to 4. Matrix storage.-Fig. 16 shows an arrangement having two scanning films 11 and 11<SP>1</SP> having their directions of easy magnetization horizontal and perpendicular to one another, the direction of easy magnetization of the high coercive force storage member 12 being vertical. The material of storage member 12 can be switched only where the fields of the inter-domain walls 16 and 16<SP>1</SP> in members 11 and 11<SP>1</SP> are coincident and reinforce each other. Writing in unselected areas is prevented by a vertical inhibiting field.