baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20160145586-A (KR)
Inventor: EHMANN CHRISTIAN WOLFGANG
IPC: H01L21/68
Filed: 2015-04-14
Abstract: 본 발명은 객체(52)를 파지하고, 위치 결정하고, 그리고/또는 이동시키기 위한 장치에 관한 것이며, 상기 장치는 - 적어도 하나의 제어 가능한 자기 베어링(10)과, - 베이스(30)와, 캐리어(50)를 포함하고, 캐리어(50)는 적어도 하나의 자기 베어링(10)에 의해 베이스(30) 상에서 비접촉 방식으로 지지되고, - 자기 베어링(10)은 전자석(12)과, 이 전자석(12)과 자기적으로 상호작용하는 상대 부재(18)를 포함할 뿐만 아니라, 거리 센서(20) 및 제어기(22)를 구비한 제어 회로(11)도 포함하고, 전자석(12)은 베이스(30)와 캐리어(50) 간에 사전 설정된 이격 간격(26)의 준수를 위해 제어 회로(11)에 의해 제어될 수 있으며, - 제어 회로(11)는 베이스(30) 상에, 또는 캐리어(50) 상에 배치되는 적어도 하나의 이동 센서(28)와 연결된다.
Patent KR-20160144463-A (KR)
Inventor: YAMANE TETSUO
IPC: B05B7/32
Filed: 2015-04-28
Abstract: 토출 장치가 구비하는 도입실의 내압 변동을 최소한으로 억제하고, 유동체의 토출 불량을 최소한으로 억제 가능하도록 유동체를 공급 가능한 유동체 공급 시스템, 및 이것을 구비한 성형 시스템의 제공을 목적으로 하였다. 
유동체 공급 시스템(50)은 토출 장치(20)에 접속된 공급로(60)와, 공급로(60)에 접속된 펌프(80)와, 공급로(60)를 거쳐 도입실(28)을 향해 흐르는 유동체의 흐름을 차단 가능한 밸브(70)와, 펌프(80)측의 압력 상태를 판정하고, 판정 결과에 기초하여 밸브(70)의 개폐 제어를 행하는 제어 장치(100)를 갖는다.  제어 장치(100)는 펌프(80)측의 압력 P1이 소정 압력을 초과하는 압력 상태가 된 것이라 판정되는 것을 조건으로 하여, 밸브(70)를 개방 상태로 하는 개폐 제어를 실시한다.
Patent KR-20170005810-A (KR)
Title: 특발성 폐 섬유증의 치료 방법
Inventor: MATSUDA KAZUKO
IPC: C07C59/90
Filed: 2015-05-06
Abstract: 식(I)의 화합물, 그 대사 산물, 식(I)의 화합물의 에스테르, 또는 그 대사 산물, 또는 상기 각각의 약학적으로 허용되는 염은 특발성 폐 섬유증, 이를 일으키는 질환, 및/또는 각각의 부정적인 영향에 유용하다(m, n, X1 및 X2은 본원에 정의되어 있다).
Patent KR-20170007304-A (KR)
Inventor: FUJITA TAKASHI
IPC: C07D233/61
Filed: 2015-05-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 수용성이 우수한 카로테노이드 화합물을 알아내는 것을 과제로 한다.     일반식 (I) [식 중, X 는 카르보닐기 혹은 메틸렌기를 나타내고, R 1  및 R 2  는 (a) 또는 (b) 이고, 잔여는 (a), (b), (c) 또는 수소 원자이고, (a) : -CO-A-B-D {식 중, A 는 알킬렌기, 알케닐렌기 등이고, B 는 식 -S(O)n-, 식 -NR 4 CONR 5 - 이고, D 는 수소 원자, 카르복실기 등을 나타낸다}, (b) : -CO-E-F {식 중, E 는 알킬렌기, 식 -NR 3 - (식 중, R 3  은 (a1) 수소 원자, (b1) 알킬기 등을 나타낸다), F 는 술포기를 나타낸다}, (c) : -CO-G {식 중, G 는 수소 원자, 알킬기 등을 나타낸다} 이다] 을 갖는 카로테노이드 유도체, 그 약학상 허용되는 염 또는 그 약학상 허용되는 에스테르류 혹은 아미드류이다.
Patent KR-20160145195-A (KR)
Title: 이어폰 소켓 어셈블리와 전자기기
Inventor: SUN WEI
IPC: H01R13/6587
Filed: 2014-10-23
Abstract: 본 발명은 이어폰 소켓 어셈블리와 전자기기를 개시하였는 바, 이는 전자기기 기술분야에 속한다. 상기 이어폰 소켓 어셈블리는 전자기기의 회로기판에 전기적으로 연결되는 이어폰 소켓과 상기 이어폰 소켓의 외주에 설치되는 전자기 차폐 소자를 포함한다. 이는 관련 기술의 이어폰 소켓이 안테나의 전자기 간섭을 받을 수 있는 문제를 해결하였으며, 회로기판의 각각의 전자소자가 생성한 전자기 복사가 이어폰 소켓 외주의 전자기 차폐 소자에 의해 차폐될 수 있어 이어폰 소켓이 전자기 간섭을 받지 않을 수 있는 효과를 달성하였다.
Patent KR-20170012361-A (KR)
Inventor: CASTIGLIONE DAVID M
IPC: A44B11/26
Filed: 2015-05-12
Abstract: 개인용 보호 장치의 제1 및 제2 스트랩을 선택적으로 연결하기 위한 버클 조립체.  버클 조립체는 스트랩들 중 각자의 스트랩에 결합하도록 구성된 수용기 부재와 래치 부재를 포함한다.  수용기 부재는 슬롯을 한정하고, 해제 아암을 제공한다.  래치 부재는 기부에 피벗가능하게 연결된 래치 탭을 포함한다.  래칭된 상태에서, 래치 부재는 슬롯 내에 배치되고 래치 면이 포획 표면과 맞물린다.  해제 아암은 래치 탭의 일부분 위에 배치된다.  래치 면은 해제 아암에 인가되는 작동력에 응답하여 포획 표면으로부터 맞물림 해제될 수 있다.  몇몇 실시예에서, 수용기 부재와 래치 부재는 수용기 부재 내로의 래치 부재의 용이한 삽입을 촉진하는 다양한 상호보완적인 가이드 표면을 포함한다.
Patent KR-20170033279-A (KR)
Inventor: YOSHIOKA KOHSUKE
IPC: H01R12/71
Filed: 2015-08-03
Abstract: 커넥터는, 소켓 하우징과 헤더 하우징을 끼워맞춤으로써, 소켓측 신호용 단자와 헤더측 신호용 단자를 접촉시키는 동시에, 소켓측 전원용 단자와 헤더측 전원용 단자를 접촉시키도록 한 것이다.  소켓측 신호용 단자 및 소켓측 전원용 단자는 소켓 하우징의 길이방향을 따라 배치되어 있고, 소켓측 전원용 단자 및 헤더측 전원용 단자에는, 서로 접촉하는 접점부가 소켓 하우징의 길이방향을 따라 복수 마련되어 있다.  그리고, 소켓측 전원용 단자에는, 복수의 편부가 형성되어 있으며, 복수의 편부의 각각에 접점부가 마련되어 있다.
Patent KR-20170010003-A (KR)
Title: 박테로이드 기원의 푸코시다제 및 이의 사용 방법
Inventor: TSAI TSUNG I
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2015-05-27
Abstract: 본원의 개시내용은 α-(1,2), α-(1,3), α-(1,4), 및 α-(1,6) 푸코시다제 활성을 갖는 α-푸코시다제에 관한 것이다. 본원의 개시내용은 또한 α-푸코시다제를 포함하는 조성물, 및 당접합체에서 α-(1,2), α-(1,3), α-(1,4), 및/또는 α-(1,6)-연결된 푸코스를 절단하는데 있어서 α-푸코시다제를 생산하고 사용하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명은 시험관내 푸코스의 개선된 효소적 가수분해를 위한 조성물 및 방법을 제공한다. 특히, 본 발명은 당단백질의 변성 또는 기능적 저하 없이 천연 당단백질에서 코어 푸코스의 효율적인 절단에 유용하다. 본 발명의 조성물 및 방법은 치료학적 항체와 같은 Fc 융합 단백질 또는 항체의 Fc 당가공을 촉진시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-20180080541-A (KR)
Inventor: BAE SANG HOON
IPC: H01M10/613
Filed: 2017-01-04
Abstract: Disclosed is a battery pack which includes a plurality of secondary batteries and can reduce the number of components while increasing cooling efficiency. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells including a first electrode and a second electrode facing the first electrode; a first tab coupled to the first electrode; a second tab connected to the second electrode of the battery cells and formed to extend to an area where the first tab is positioned; a cover for receiving the battery cells and the first and second tabs, wherein the first and second tabs protrude from the same surface; and a bus bar electrically coupled to the battery cells on one surface of the cover from which the first and second tabs protrude.
Patent KR-20180084390-A (KR)
Inventor: CHUN SANG BUM
IPC: G06Q50/22
Filed: 2017-01-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to an exercise system enabling a one-time private lesson. More specifically, the present invention relates to an exercise system which can conduct a private lesson at an exercise center and offline when a user pays a desired one-time private lesson coupon of the exercise center by using a user terminal. Also, after the private lesson, the user can receive the exercise private lesson fit to the user at another exercise center based on user exercise information written by an exercise center manager. The exercise system comprises the user terminal which receives exercise center information, can input and transmit/receive user information and the user exercise information and provides a one-time private lesson coupon payment screen so that the user pays the one-time private lesson coupon.
Patent KR-20180085166-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI WOO JIN
IPC: A23L7/196
Filed: 2017-01-18
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing multigrain ingredients for multigrain rice. The method includes: a step of washing multigrain ingredients and then soaking the ingredients in hot water at no less than 35°C for three hours; a step of freezing the multigrain ingredients in a freezer at no more than -20°C for 12 hours after the soaked multigrain ingredients reach room temperature; and a step of drying the frozen multigrain ingredients in a dryer at no less than 60°C for one hour, and then, drying the multigrain ingredients at 40-45°C for eight hours. The present invention is capable of simplifying a conventional method, in which miscellaneous grains are washed, soaked, and dried for ingestion, and maintaining the colors and flavors of grains and removing a foul odor and taste for making enjoyable multigrain rice, thereby improving the preference of consumers as well as improving the health of consumers with plenty of nutrients.
Patent KR-20180003403-A (KR)
Inventor: WI HYUN HO
IPC: H01Q21/00
Filed: 2017-01-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a rectangular waveguide antenna for heating microwaves, and more particularly, to a rectangular waveguide traveling wave antenna for heating microwaves of which one surface comprises at least two slots arranged in series along an electromagnetic wave traveling direction.
Patent KR-20170015428-A (KR)
Title: Method of leaching metal oxide
Inventor: YOKOTA TAKUYA
IPC: C22B3/20
Filed: 2017-01-26
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for leaching a metal oxide, reducing an amount of a reducer which is required to be added or removing addition of the reducer while leaching target metal, thereby effectively reducing costs. The present invention comprises a metal melting process where the target metal is melted in the solution while a solid metal oxide containing the target metal exists in solution containing a metal ion which is a different kind from the target metal by enabling the solid metal oxide to come in contact with the metal ion in the solution to leach the target metal contained in the solid metal oxide.
Patent KR-20180089973-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JEONG MYEONG
IPC: B63B1/32
Filed: 2017-02-02
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a culturing working ship which has a large working space on a bow deck and can load a lot of cargo. In order to accomplish the above object, the culturing working ship of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a hull (10) having the bow surface flattened in a predetermined section in the width direction; and a bottom structure disposed at a center with respect to a transverse section of the hull (10) and projecting in the direction of the bottom of the ship with respect to a longitudinal plane of the hull (10) to adjust the balance while sailing.
Patent KR-20180090164-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SEO HEE
IPC: A23F5/40
Filed: 2017-02-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of dried coffee powder, which can be found in regular coffee mix for sale, and grain powder. The grain coffee mix of the present invention has a unique taste.
Patent KR-20170095149-A (KR)
Inventor: Caron James Eugene
IPC: H01L21/67
Filed: 2017-02-10
Abstract: A method for selectively etching one exposed material of a substrate with respect to another exposed material of the substrate comprises: a step (a) of arranging the substrate in a processing chamber; a step (b) of setting a chamber pressure; a step (c) of setting an RF frequency and an RF power for an RF plasma; a step (d) of supplying a plasma gas mixture to the processing chamber; a step (e) of striking the RF plasma in the processing chamber in one of an electric mode (E-mode) and a magnetic mode (H-mode); and a step (f) of, during a plasma processing of the substrate, changing at least one among the chamber pressure, the RF frequency, the RF power, and the plasma gas mixture to switch from one of the E-mode and the H-mode to the other.
Patent KR-20180094674-A (KR)
Title: Construction structure of balcony integral type building structure
Inventor: PARK MYUNG JIN
IPC: E04C5/06
Filed: 2017-02-16
Abstract: The present invention relates to a building structure construction structure to integrally form a balcony, capable of simultaneously constructing the balcony and a wall, a ceiling, or a floor. According to the present invention, the building structure construction structure to integrally form a balcony comprises: a prestressed concrete (PC) deck plate mounted on the upper side of a wall or a beam to form the indoor ceiling or floor of a building structure, and formed in a plain plate shape to be installed by burying a part of a front connection member on an upper surface to deposit concrete thereon; a deck plate including a first body formed in a plain plate shape and the front connection member installed by being partially buried on the upper surface of the first body to deposit the concrete thereon; a first mold plate coupled to the PC deck plate by the concrete to insulate the indoor side of the building structure, coupled to one side surface of the deck plate to restrict a deposition space, in which the concrete is deposited, on the deck plate, and including a plurality of connection members penetrated and installed to place one side on the upper side of the deck plate and place the other side on the outside of the deck plate; a second mold plate coupled to the remaining side surface of the deck plate to restrict the deposition space, in which the concrete is deposited, on the deck plate, and coupled to the concrete to form an outer finishing surface; and a balcony construction unit mounted on the upper side of the wall or the beam by being spaced apart from the PC deck plate at a predetermined interval while the other sides of the connection members are placed on the upper side of the PC deck plate to be connected to the PC deck plate.
Patent KR-20180097091-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for estimating fall risk based on machine learning
Inventor: KIM KI SEON
IPC: G06N99/00
Filed: 2017-02-22
Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for estimating the degree of risk of falling based on machine learning and a method thereof and, more specifically, to an apparatus for estimating the degree of risk of falling based on machine learning, which estimates the degree of risk of falling from signals obtained by measuring X, Y, and Z triaxial acceleration values of a body. The apparatus for estimating the degree of risk of falling based on machine learning comprises: an acceleration sensor capable of measuring acceleration information and tilt information of a body of a user; a signal processing unit capable of extracting and processing the acceleration and tilt information of the user, sensed by the acceleration sensor; and a control unit capable of determining the degree of risk of falling of the user, wherein the control unit determines the degree of risk of falling from signals extracted from the X, Y, and Z triaxial acceleration values of the body according to movement of the body of the user. Therefore, it is possible to determine the degree of risk of falling of the user and enable the user to predict risk of falling.
Patent KR-20180082935-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIMAMOTO SATOSHI
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2017-03-13
Abstract: The present invention enables to provide a semiconductor device with good characteristics even in a flash memory having a three-dimensional structure. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a process of loading a substrate including a laminated film having an insulating film and a sacrificial film, a channel hole formed in the laminated film, a charge trapping film provided on a surface in the channel hole, a first channel film provided on a surface of the charge trapping film, and a common source line exposed on the bottom of the channel hole; a process of receiving diameter distribution information of the channel hole; and a process of forming a second channel film on a surface of the first channel film by supplying a first processing gas and a second processing gas to the center side and the outer peripheral side of the substrate, respectively, so as to correct diameter distribution based on the distribution information.
Patent KR-20170113391-A (KR)
Inventor: TOJO TOSHIHIRO
IPC: H01J37/32
Filed: 2017-03-30
Abstract: (과제) 바이어스용 전력을 펄스 변조하는 경우에도, 아크 방전 발생의 개연성, 또는 실제로 아크 방전이 발생한 것을 검지할 수 있는 플라즈마 처리 장치 및 플라즈마 처리 방법을 제공한다. 
(해결 수단) 기판 G에 대하여 소정의 플라즈마 처리를 실시하는 플라즈마 처리 장치(1)는, 기판 G를 수용하는 처리 용기(2)와, 처리 용기(2) 내에 처리 가스를 공급하는 가스 공급부(28)와, 처리 용기(2) 내에 배치된 전극(3)과, 전극(3)에, 펄스 변조된 고주파 전력을 공급하는 고주파 전원부(53)와, 처리 용기(2)로부터 고주파 전원부(53)로 향해 돌아오는 반사파 전력을 소정 주기로 측정하는 반사파 전력 측정부(54)와, 반사파 전력 측정부(54)에서 측정한 반사파 전력이 소정의 조건이 되었을 때에, 처리 용기(2) 내에서 아크 방전이 발생할 개연성이 있다고, 또는 실제로 아크 방전이 발생했다고 판정하는 판정부(121)를 구비하고, 펄스 변조된 고주파 전력의 펄스 주기와, 반사파 전력 측정부(54)에 있어서의 측정 주기가 상이하다.
Patent KR-20180111346-A (KR)
Title: Written Form Practicing Reviews for Books or Cultural Events
Inventor: KIM EUL HO
IPC: G09B19/00
Filed: 2017-03-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a practicing format of a review, provided to enable a user to develop an ability to easily write a book report, a book review or a review for a cultural event. The practicing format of a review comprises: an evaluation unit (10) for describing an objective item; and a report unit (20) for describing a subjective item wherein the evaluation unit (10) is divided into two parts such as an objective blank space (11) and a core content blank space (12) while the report unit (20) is divided into three parts such as a thought/feeling blank space (21), a reason blank space (22), and a conclusive blank space (23) so that the user is able to complete the format by filling each blank space. According to the present invention, the evaluation unit (10) can be divided into three parts such as the objective blank space (11), the core content blank space (12), and an application blank space (13), and the report unit (20) can be added with an additional note blank space (24) including a comment blank space (24-1) and an one word blank space (24-2). The report unit (20) can be utilized independently as a book report or a review for a cultural event. According to the present invention, the practicing format of a review may provide an exemplary format that can be commonly applied to write a book report, a book review, and a review for a cultural event, thereby having an effect of enabling a user to easily start writing and feel a sense of accomplishment in writing.
Patent KR-20180000282-A (KR)
Inventor: KANG JIN HO
IPC: C12N15/82
Filed: 2017-04-03
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for enhancing plant insect resistance using tomato-derived SlSRA1 (Solanum lycopersicumSRA1) protein coding genes, and a plant according to the method, wherein the SlSRA1 genes of the present invention is expected to be used in the development of transgenic plants for enhancing hair development, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant insect resistance.
Patent KR-20180081427-A (KR)
Inventor: SEO JI HUN
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 2017-04-07
Abstract: In the present invention, disclosed is interface construction for an artificial joint formed by using a polymer and an organic material presented by a constitutional formula. A process for introducing binary ionic materials into CLPE can be obtained by performing surface radical polymerization reaction or nucleophilic addition reaction and a cross-linking reaction by light and heat. The surface radical polymerization reaction can be obtained through generation of radicals and reaction between binary ionic materials including vinyl groups.
Patent KR-20180118939-A (KR)
Inventor: SONG CHANG IK
IPC: E04B7/02
Filed: 2017-04-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a lightweight rafter for a traditional building such as a hanok (Korean style house) or a temple and a manufacturing method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lightweight rafter for a traditional building such as a hanok or a temple which can be customized not only for the construction of a traditional house but also for extension work and maintenance by having durability by maintaining sufficient strength even when a rafter used in a traditional house such as hanok or a temple is made lightweight, and a manufacturing method thereof. According to the present invention, the rafter for a traditional building such as a hanok or a temple can be provided to satisfy all requirements such as durability and economic efficiency of appropriate weight and strength. The rafter can be provided in a customized manner in accordance with the need for economic efficiency and convenience such as shortening of the manufacturing period, low cost of manufacture, expansion and contraction, maintenance and the like. In addition, since the rafter is manufactured rapidly, the manufacturing process is shortened, and the final processed surface is prevented from approaching pests and the like, thereby providing durability, convenience of use and management, and also imparting classical beauty or providing an additional effect that the wooden pattern or monochrome work can be easily implemented.
Patent KR-20180119922-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM NAM CHUL
IPC: A61M1/00
Filed: 2017-04-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for increasing the safety of liposuction by detecting a cannula inserted into the fat layer, which comprises the following: the cannula inserted into the surgical site for the suction of fat; a control unit coupled to the cannula to control the cannula and to store data; a wearing unit interlocked with the control unit and having a glove shape; a measuring unit coupled to the inside of the wearing unit to measure the distance between the cannula and the wearing unit; and a display unit coupled to one side of the control unit or the wearing unit to display the distance measured by the measuring unit. Because the system can automatically measure the correct depth rather than an operator directly sensing the inserted depth of the cannula, the effect of reducing the fatigue of the operator can be provided. Since the depth of the cannula inserted into the fat layer is measured, the cannula can be accurately inserted into the fat layer and the fat in the fat layer can be uniformly removed, thereby improving the stability and satisfaction of the result of the surgery and the procedure.
Patent KR-20180129011-A (KR)
Inventor: YEO JEONG GI
IPC: B60B33/00
Filed: 2017-05-24
Abstract: The present invention relates to a coupling structure of an omnidirectional driving vehicle and, more specifically, to a coupling structure of an omnidirectional driving vehicle, including a body, an omnidirectional wheel installed in the body, and a driving means driving the omnidirectional wheel. The coupling structure comprises: a coupling hole formed on one side surface of the body; a connection member of which one end is coupled to the coupling hole and the other end is coupled to a connection hole of the other adjacent vehicle; a fixing pin coupled to the coupling hole to enable the connection member to be fixed to the coupling hole; a sensor unit detecting whether or not the fixing pin is coupled; and a control unit controlling the driving means by a signal introduced through the sensor unit.
Patent KR-20180129204-A (KR)
Inventor: HWANG SUN MIN
IPC: G02B7/02
Filed: 2017-05-25
Abstract: The present invention relates to a camera module. According to one aspect, the camera module includes: a glass having a transparent electrode disposed on a lower surface thereof; a printed circuit board where an image sensor is disposed in correspondence with the glass; a lens holder which supports the glass on which the transparent electrode is disposed and is disposed between the glass and the printed circuit board; and a plating part which is disposed in the lens holder and electrically connects the transparent electrode to the printed circuit board. It is possible to prevent the generation of condensation.
Patent KR-20180132306-A (KR)
Inventor: AHN SU ZY
IPC: G09G3/3233
Filed: 2017-06-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a control part, and an organic light emitting display apparatus and a deterioration compensation method using the same. The control part comprises: a deterioration compensation part which receives deterioration information and creates compensation data by using deterioration information when a deterioration state of at least one pixel among a plurality of pixels is determined to reach a compensation limit point in the deterioration information; and a signal compensation part which creates output data by applying a deterioration compensation algorithm to input data, wherein the deterioration compensation algorithm uses compensation data.
Patent KR-20180134132-A (KR)
Title: A novel bacteriophage having killing activity specific to Pantoea agglomerans and the biocontrol method using the bacteriophage
Inventor: AHN YOUNG HO
IPC: C12N7/00
Filed: 2017-06-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a bacteriophage which specifically kills Pantoea agglomerans. The bacteriophage suppresses proliferation of Pantoea agglomerans or kills the same. Accordingly, the bacteriophage can be widely used in antibiotics, disinfectants, infectious disease treatment, and sewage and wastewater treatment in environmental infrastructures such as wastewater disposal plants of hospitals, sewage treatment plants, excreta treatment plants, agriculture and livestock wastewater disposal plants.