baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-798393-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of dichlorbutenes
Inventor: CAPP CLIFFORD WILLIAM
IPC: C07C17/02
Filed: 1956-05-15
Abstract: Dichlorbutenes are prepared by the chlorination of butadiene-1:3, in the vapour phase, at an elevated temperature in the presence of an alkane and/or an alkene having four carbon atoms.  Suitable alkanes and alkenes are butane, isobutane, butene-1, butene-2, and isobutene. A suitable starting mixture may be a crude C4 stream from the distillation of cracked petroleum.  The molar ratio of hydrocarbon to chlorine should be about 1:1 and preferably an excess of hydrocarbon should be used. The hydrocarbons should preferably be preheated to near reaction temperature before mixing them thoroughly with chlorine.  The reaction may be carried out in the presence of an inert gas or diluent such as nitrogen or hydrogen chloride, in concentrations between about 5 per cent and 50 per cent by volume of the reaction mixture.  If hydrogen chloride is used as the inert gas, the hydrogen chloride formed as a by-product of the reaction may be recycled to the reaction vessel.  Suitable temperatures for the reaction are from 300 DEG  to 500 DEG  C.  The reaction is preferably carried out in unpacked columns at 330-420 DEG  C., for a residence time of not more than 12 seconds, at atmospheric pressure. Increased or reduced pressures may be used, and the reaction may be carried out in a packed tube, or with a catalyst, e.g. activated carbon impregnated with copper salts, adiabatically or with heat removal from the reaction zone.  The reactor exit gas may be introduced into a column at the head of which unreacted hydrocarbons and hydrogen chloride are removed, while the chlorinated products are withdrawn from the kettle and separated by fractionation.  The hydrogen chloride may then be separated, and the hydrocarbons recycled, preferably after drying. Alternatively the reactor products may be absorbed in a scrubbing system to scrub out the organic material, leaving gaseous dry hydrogen chloride.  Dichlorbutenes may be used as a scrubbing medium.  The chlorinated products may also first be removed from the reaction product by partial cooling or fractionation, before the latter is scrubbed to separate unreacted hydrocarbons from the hydrogen chloride.  If the hydrogen chloride is to be used as the inert diluent the gaseous mixture of unreacted hydrocarbons and hydrogen chloride may be cooled to liquefy most of the hydrocarbons with some of the hydrogen chloride, the liquid fraction recycled to the reactor and the remainder of the hydrogen chloride recovered for instance by absorption into water. Dry hydrogen chloride can also be separated from the gaseous mixture of hydrogen chloride and unreacted hydrocarbons, by fractionation, preferably under superatmospheric pressure. Examples are given of the preparation of mixtures of 3:4 - dichlorbutene - 1 and 1:4 - dichlorbutene-2 from butadiene-1:3, together with by-products such as chloro- and dichlorbutanes, chlorobutadienes, and higher boiling derivatives such as tetrachlorbutanes.  Specifications 798,027 and 798,028 are referred to.
Patent GB-1028707-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of cyclocarboxylic acids and their esters
IPC: C07C31/133
Filed: 1963-04-17
Abstract: Cyclododecane-, cyclododecene- and cyclododecadiene-carboxylic acids and their esters are made by reacting cyclododecatriene, CO and water or an alcohol at 100-200 DEG  C. and under pressure of at least 150 kg./cm.2 in presence of a catalyst comprising Fe, Co or Ni or a salt or carbonyl compound thereof.
Patent GB-922514-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the making of impervious bags
Inventor: PRESTON ARTHUR
IPC: B65D30/08
Filed: 1960-04-29
Abstract: 922,514. Paper and like bags. BIBBY & BARON Ltd. April 17, 1961 [April 29, 1960], No. 15078/60. Class 94(2). [Also in Group XXVIII]. A method of making lined paper or like bags comprises feeding an extruded tube of thermoplastic material 4 into a tube-making machine, together with a paper-web folding the flaps 6, 7 of the web to overlap around the lining and securing -the seam by an adhesive strip 8. The lined tube is then cut into lengths and formed into bags.
Patent GB-372113-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the interior panelling of motor cars
IPC: B60R13/02
Filed: 1931-05-21
Abstract: 372,113. Road vehicle bodies. UNITED CARR FASTENER CORPORATION, 31, Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.-(Assignees of Smith, A. J.; 7565, East Six Mile Road, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.) May 21, 1931, No. 15086. Convention date, Jan. 19. [Class 108 (i).] The interior panelling for motor cars is secured in position by means of fasteners which are slipped into integral pockets in the cardboard or like panel the pockets being formed by an instrument which does not perforate the outside surface of the panel. As shown, a panel 24, composed of two layers 26, 28, is formed with marginal pockets 22 into which fastener devices 25 may be secured. A tool for forming the pockets comprises a handle shank 12 and a bifurcated end of which the upper member 14 is provided with a rounded nose 16 and is longer than the lower cutting member 18 to regulate the depth of cut so that the panel is not completely perforated. The cutting member 18 has its end upwardly curved as shown. The tool may be for handwork or may be incorporated in a machine. The panel may or may not be provided with trim material. Specification 366,835 is referred to.
Patent GB-792488-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of making electrical connections to thin glass plates
IPC: H01J29/02
Filed: 1956-05-15
Abstract: 792,488. Glass-metal seals. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. May 15, 1956 [May 18, 1955], No. 15109/56. Class 36. [Also in Group XL (a)] A lead to be connected to a thin glass plate such as the target plate of a television camera tube supported at its edge is held with its end in the cavity formed by the plate which is initially curved and heated on a supporting ring so that the glass presses on to the lead during the flattening process. During the heating, the platinum lead 16 tipped with enamel can be anchored to the supporting ring 2 but subsequently severed and joined to a lead passing through the tube container. A coating of gold 15 is then applied to the plate 5 followed by a protective coating 18 of chromium whilethe other surface of plate 5 has a layer of cryolite 4. The tube construction is indicated in Fig. 1 (not shown).
Patent GB-947014-A (GB)
Title: A reversible six high hot-rolling mill
IPC: B21B31/20
Filed: 1962-04-18
Abstract: 947,014. Rolling. SCHLOEMANN A.G. April 18, 1962 [April 21, 1961], No. 15129/62. Heading B3M. A reversing six-high hot rolling mill has, in addition to back-up rolls 2 and driven principle working rolls 1, a pair of supplementary rolls 3 which are mounted in a removable frame 5 which is movable horizintally by fluid-operated pistons 11a to offset the rolls 3 from the plane of the axes of the rolls 1 and 2 (in either direction). The frame 5 is axially slidable in the mill frame 6 and is retained there by stops 8 on the roll frame 5 co-operating with retainers 9. The chocks 4 of the supplementary rolls 3 are forced apart by hydraulic cylinders 15 so that the rolls are frictionally driven from the rolls 1. The rolls 1 are held against the back-up roll by hydraulic pistons 17, while the back-up rolls are held against the screw-down by a counterweight. A guide 12 is pivotable to allow withdrawal of the frame 5. Specification 947,013 is referred to.
Patent GB-118721-A (GB)
Title: An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Projecting Cinematographic Pictures and the like.
Inventor: AKININE ALEXIS
IPC: G03B35/00
Filed: 1917-10-18
Abstract: 118,721. Akinine, A. Oct. 18, 1917. Optical-projection apparatus.-Kinematograph or other pictures are projected on to a frosted glass screen 3 and the image produced by a concave mirror 17 of the projected picture is viewed by reflection in a mirror 12. The mirror 17 is placed so that the screen 3 lies between it and its focus. The screen 3 may be carried by stays 7 hingedly mounted on a slide 5 movable in guides 6 on a table 1, and the mirror 12 may be carried by supports 11 pivotally and slidably mounted in slots in arms 8 hinged to the stays 7. The mirror 17 may be carried on a slide 14 in the same manner as the screen 3.
Patent GB-134500-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Steam Turbine Installations.
Inventor: FLANDERS WARREN BEEBE
IPC: F22D1/32
Filed: 1919-06-17
Abstract: 134,500. Flanders, W. B. June 17, 1919. Feed-water, heating.-In a turbine installation wherein the exhaust steam from the auxiliary engines is delivered to a receiver 10 for use in a feed-water heater 11, the heater 11 is connected' by an air &c. vent 12 with a heat-utilizing device 14 having a vent 15 open to the atmosphere, and the receiver 10 is connected through a pipe 19 and a constant-pressure valve 21 with an intermediate stage 3<a> of the main turbine, so that steam passes from the heater to the turbine or from the turbine to the heater according as the pressure in the heater exceeds or is less than a predetermined pressure. The heater 14 may heat the water passing to the heater 11 through pipes 16, 17 and spray nozzles 18 or it may be replaced by any apparatus utilizing low-pressure fluid. A condensate-return pipe 14<b> connects the heaters 14, 11.
Patent GB-633380-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for displacing liquids by elastic fluid pressure
IPC: H01K9/08
Filed: 1947-06-10
Abstract: 633,380. Check valves. TUNGSTONE PRODUCTS, Ltd., and EXLEY, W. H. June 10, 1947, No. 15249. [Class 135] [Also in Group XXVIII] Ball check valves 4 for use in a liquid displacing apparatus (see Group XXVIII) are disposed in the connection between pipes 3a, 1a and adapted to seat on an intermediate ring 18 clamped with interposed packing washers 15, between adjacent ends of the links; a template 24 may be used to locate the valve seat centrally. The ball valve is. axially guided by ridges 20 formed integrally with the upper pipe and is limited in its upward movement by a wall 19 having perforations 19a for the passage of liquid. The parts of the apparatus, except the packing washers, in contact with the liquid which may be of a corrosive nature are preferably constructed of boro-silicate glass or stainless steel. Specifications 172,329, 318,941, [both in Class 102 (ii)], 399,918 and 463,449, [both in Group XXVIII], are referred to.
Patent GB-703941-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to window-frames
Inventor: PERNETTA CHARLES
IPC: B60J10/00
Filed: 1951-06-27
Abstract: 703,941. Securing glass sheets. BECKETT, LAYCOCK & WATKINSON, Ltd. June 19, 1952 [June 27, 1951], No. 15262/51. Class 20 (3) The glass pane 2 of a window, especially for a motor vehicle, is held firmly against the flange 3 of the rebated window frame 1 by a fillet 5 which is secured to the frame by a number of flat-headed screws 7 passing through oversize holes 8 in the fillet, the tightening of the screws causing a sloping surface 11 on the fillet to engage with an edge 12 of a groove 13 in the frame member with a wedging action so that the fillet is moved horizontally to press against the packing 4 surrounding the edge of the pane.
Patent GB-443529-A (GB)
Title: Brush head holder
IPC: B25G3/30
Filed: 1935-05-25
Abstract: 443,529. Broom - handle fixings. GREEN, T., 35, Ingleton Street, Dewsbury Road, Leeds. May 25, 1935, No. 15278. [Class 61 (i)] A device for attaching handles to brooms &c. comprises a thin metal plate B with screw holes C for fixing to the broom head and a central raised socket A threaded to receive a cylindrical or tapered threaded ferrule fixed on the broom handle which ferrule continues to make its own thread in the broom head hole after entering the socket A.
Patent GB-725226-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to an inflatable surgical pad
IPC: A61F5/30
Filed: 1953-06-03
Abstract: 725,226. Surgical pressure pads. BERGER BROS. CO. June 3, 1953 [June 3, 1952], No. 15316/53. Class 81. (2). An appliance for applying pressure comprises a pouch with two, relatively rigid, opposed sides enclosing an inflatable bladder. In one form the pouch is made with two flat walls 11, 12 preferably of thin metal so that they can be shaped as required, the two walls being joined by a flexible strip 13 having a longitudinal opening, closed by a slide fastener 22, for insertion of the bladder 24. The flexible section 13 is of such shape that when the bladder is inflated the appliance assumes a wedge shape. In another form the fastener is extended right around the pouch so that it may be opened out flat for insertion of the bladder. The pad may be secured to the body by straps attached to the outer wall or it may be held in place by a belt.
Patent GB-272529-A (GB)
Title: An improved device for lubricating the flanges of wheels of tramcars or other vehicles
IPC: B61K3/02
Filed: 1927-06-09
Abstract: 272,529. Hasler Akt.-Ges. vorm. Telegraphenwerkstõtte von G. Hasler. June 10, 1926, [Convention date]. Syringes.-In a force. feed lubricator in which a non-rotary piston 2 is moved to expel semi-solid lubricant through a nozzle 5 by rotation of a screwed spindle 6 actuated by ratchet gearing, the ratchet wheel 17, secured to the spindle, carries a planet pinion 15 meshing with a pair of coaxial differentially toothed wheels 13, 14 the pinion 14 being non-rotatable, whilst the pinion 13 is secured to a plate 12 carrying a pin 26 whereby a graduated disc 28 is slowly rotated to indicate in conjunction with markings on a casing cover 29 the position of the piston in the cylinder. The pin 26 also throws the pawl out of action when the piston reaches the end of its stroke. The device is intended, through tubing from the nozzle 5, to supply lubricant to tramcar or other wheel flanges when the vehicle passes round curves, the ratchet gear being actuated for this purpose by rocking the casing 9 in which it is housed, through an eyebolt 10, in opposition to a spring 23. The casing 9 is rotatably mounted on a boss 8 on the cylinder cap 3, the spring 23, connected at one end to a pin 22 in the casing, being passed round the boss 24 therein and secured at its other end to a pin projecting from the cap 3 through an arcuate slot in the floor of the casing. The pawl 18, normally pressed into action by a spring 19, may be manually disengaged by means of an arm 21 on its spindle 20. The piston, rotation of which is prevented by a guide rod 7, may be brought back to the top of the cylinder by application of a hand crank to the squared spindle end 31.
Patent GB-545729-A (GB)
Title: A solvent extraction process for the separation of ethyl chloride and butane
IPC: C07C7/10
Filed: 1940-10-23
Abstract: 545,729. Separating ethyl chloride and butane. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. Oct. 23, 1940, No. 15575. Convention date, Nov. 3, 1939. [Class 2 (iii)] Ethyl chloride and butane are separated by treatment with a selective solvent such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or mixed alcohols or ethylene or propylene glycol, and particularly an aqueous ethyl alcohol. The process is particularly applicable for the separation of the azeotropic mixture obtained by distillation in the recovery of ethyl chloride in the formation of lead tetraethyl by heating under pressure a sodium lead alloy with excess of ethyl chloride preferably in presence of a catalyst such as pyridine or ethyl bromide. The mixture is fed through inlet 2 into a tower 1 maintained at from -10‹ C. to 100 ‹ C. and at a pressure which may be up to 200 lbs. per square inch, sufficient to maintain the material liquid, into a current of solvent from an inlet 3. The butane phase passes from the top of the tower to a recovery unit 5 where butane is separated preferably by distillation from the solvent. The solvent extract passes from the bottom of the tower to a recovery unit 10 where the ethyl chloride is separated preferably by distillation from the solvent. If ethyl alcohol is used as the solvent, the extract may be passed to a vessel 18 where it is treated with hydrogen chloride to form ethyl chloride from the alcohol. The selectivity of the solvent for ethyl chloride may be increased by addition of anti-solvents such as ethylene glycol or formamide.
Patent GB-1038197-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic braking systems for tractors and trailers
IPC: B60T13/14
Filed: 1963-04-19
Abstract: 1,038,197. Fluid-pressure brakes. V. ZUPANCIC. April 19, 1963 [April 21, 1962], No. 15592/63. Heading F2F. In a braking system for a tractor-trailer vehicle, tractor brakes 2 are operated mechanically by a shaft 1 connected by a crank 3 and link 4 to a pedal 5, and the trailer brakes 25 are operated by an hydraulic cylinder 17 acting on a brake shaft 24, hydraulic fluid being supplied to cylinder 17 simultaneously with the application of the tractor brakes through a slide valve 11 arranged in an hydraulic system comprising a pump 7, an accumulator having a compressedair bladder 13, and a reservoir 20 for the return of fluid to the pump. The slide valve 11 comprises a double piston, a piston-rod of which is connected to a crank 9 on the shaft 1, while a further rod 8 is connected to the crank 9 and also to a control arm 6 for controlling the output of the pump. In operation, the piston of the valve 11 takes up the position shown on application of the tractor brakes, and the control arm 6 is then in position to open the delivery outlet of the pump to supply fluid via the accumulator, which has a non-return valve 14, to the valve 11 and thence via coupling 18 incorporating a non-return valve to the cylinder 17. On release of the tractor brakes the piston of valve 11 moves to shut off the connection between the accumulator and the cylinder 17 and to connect the latter to the reservoir 20. A manual shut-off valve 15 is provided, so that the pump 7 can be used for other purposes, and a pressure-limiting valve 22 by-passes fluid from the pump outlet to the reservoir to regulate pressure in the system.
Patent GB-290454-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to pockets for billiard and the like tables
IPC: A63D15/00
Filed: 1927-06-11
Abstract: 290,454. Burroughes & Watts, Ltd., and Hopkins, E. June 11, 1927. Billiards, tables for. -In a billiard table pocket of the kind having a hinged ball-retaining gate which may be raised to allow the ball to fall through the pocket, the pivoted lever forming the gate is provided with a spring member which keeps the gate projecting into the path of the ball dropping into the pocket, with a portion of the lever between the gate and the pivot resting upon the support for the pivoted lever, the outer end of the lever being adapted to move towards the support when the gate is to be opened. As shown in Fig. 1, the bottom of the pocket b carries a leather-covered ring a upon which the ball-retaining lever c is pivoted. One end e of the lever is padded and is normally maintained within the pocket by the pressure of a spring f coiled about the pivot d. By pressing down the end c<1> of the lever the padded end is withdrawn as indicated by dotted lines and the ball drops through the pocket. When it is desired to play snooker or similar games a shoot j, Fig. 3, fitted at one end with a ball-storage trough k is secured to the pocket b by a connecting device l which holds the ball-retaining lever in the inoperative position. The extreme end k<1> of the trough k is pivoted to or detachably fixed to the table frame. The connecting device l may consist of a two-part ring clamped by a locking-device l<1> and is provided with a number of recesses l<2> any one of which may be engaged with the outer arm of the ball-retaining lever so that the same connecting device will serve for corner or middle pockets.
Patent GB-1180296-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Freezing Method and Apparatus
IPC: F25D9/00
Filed: 1967-04-05
Abstract: 1,180,296. Freezing liquids. SOC. ANON. HEURTEY. 5 April, 1967 [8 April, 1966; 16 May, 1966; 10 June, 1966], No. 15677/67. Heading F4H. Fruit juice is introduced into a vessel 1 via a metering device and atomizer 5 and is frozen during countercurrent flow with cold gaseous carbon dioxide introduced through injectors 2. Frozen granules are withdrawn through a lock chamber 6. A compressor 10 draws carbon dioxide from the top of the vessel 1 through a bath 8 to remove entrained liquid and passes it through a drier 11 and a separator 12 to be recirculated through a duct 16. A compressor 13 passes a part of the recirculation stream through a heat exchanger 14 in which it liquefies prior to passage through expansion nozzles 3 into the injectors 2. The rate of gas flow through the vessel 1 is adjustable and the temperature of gas at the injector 2 may be adjusted by varying the proportions of gas which are recirculated directly and recirculated through the heat exchanger 14. The temperature may alternatively be adjusted by a reheater in the duct 16, by including a reservoir subject to atmospheric heating in a valve controlled line between the two recirculation paths, Fig. 2 (not shown), or by using a liquefied gas supply as the cold input of the circuit, .Fig. 3 (not shown). Preferred operating conditions are disclosed. The process may be carried out continuously or batchwise.
Patent GB-258341-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to dirigibles
IPC: B64B1/62
Filed: 1925-06-17
Abstract: 258,341. Valkenberg, E. H. van. June 17,1925. Aerostats; propetiing; steering; cars.-An airship has an inner and an outer hull 1, 2 forming an airspace 3 to which natural air currents may be directed through adjustable ventilators 19 at the front and rear of the airship, a hot air generator 30 also being provided to supply heated air to the space 3 when required through a conduit 29. The inner wall 2 of the hull is closed at the ends by plates 16 and is divided into gas compartments by transverse plates 12 secured to bracing rings 6. A propeller 7 driven by an engine which can be turned in azimuth for steering purposes is arranged close to each ventilator. Engines and propellers are arranged also at each end of a car beneath the airship. A car is provided on the top of the airship. A longitudinal corridor 15 extends from end to end of the airship through the plates 12 and is provided with valves for supplying gas to the compartments which are provided with relief valves 14. Longitudinal members 4 extend between the walls and are riveted thereto. The ventilators 19 are pivoted on horizontal rods carried by a ring 18 supported between the plate 16 and a flange 17 on the outer wall 1 and are opened and closed by a vertical rod 21 linked to screw operating-means 22. Pairs of plates hinged to the outer wall of the hull are adapted to be selectively projected into the air stream for steering purposes.
Patent GB-761813-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of leather butts
IPC: C14B1/44
Filed: 1954-05-27
Abstract: 761,813. Leather smoothing and pressing. METZGER, A. May 27, 1954 [June 6, 1953], No. 15766/54. Class 76. Leather butts are smoothed and pressed by laying the butt on a smooth support and applying to the butt under pressure a plurality of closely-spaced parallel rollers, so distributed that they cover the butt surface completely and reciprocating the rollers to act on the whole surface of the butt, as shown in Fig. 2, a butt 1 is laid on a hydraulically-operated table 2 and subjected to the action of a plurality of rollers 19. A rigid supporting plate 11 is suspended from a girder 8 by rollers 9 and is reciprocated by a crankshaft 24 by means of a bearing 25 and brackets 26, 27 attached to plate 11. Bearer rollers 15, which space the plate 11 from girder 8 are carried in a separate frame 14 (Fig. 3), supported by rollers 12 and reciprocated by a crank 30 with a stroke half or great as that of the plate 11. The work treating rolls 19 are supported in this frame 14 and their upper surfaces bear against a rubber mat 21 which faces the supporting plate 11. Each roller 19 may be made up of a plurality of small coaxial rollers loosely fitting on their spindle and the small rollers are preferably staggered with respect to those making up the adjacent roller 19.