Patent GB-376276-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of shaped masses
IPC: C08K3/00
Filed: 1931-03-27
Abstract: Shaped articles, wall coverings, switchboards, acid and alkali-proof linings &c. are moulded from compositions made by incorporating small or large quantities of fillers with montan wax which has been bleached with an oxidizing agent, e.g. chromic acid in acid solution, and modified by esterification with aliphatic alcohols, or saponification, e.g. as in Specifications 296,145, 302,626, 303,080, 308,996, [all in Class 91, Oils &c.], or purified by distillation, or bleached and hydrogenated catalytically.  Other hard waxes may be included (e.g. carnauba, candellila, schellac wax), also plasticizers and modifying agents (e.g. paraffin wax, beeswax, wool fat, condensation products of castor oil with maleic anhydride, solutions of natural or artificial rubber, gums, glycols, glycerine) and pigments, dyestuffs and luminescent materials.  Many fillers are mentioned, such as calcium carbonate, kieselguhr, brick meal, mica powder, metal powder, cellulose in various forms, carbon black, wool flocks, sugars, alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol, camphor, oxamide and other substances which are insoluble in the wax or crystallize therefrom on cooling.  Mixtures of fine fillers such as kieselguhr and coarse fillers such as marble powder are stated to be specially suitable.  Effects can be produced resembling marble, slate, terracotta &c.  About 1 per cent of asbestos or slag wool may be included to prevent shrinkage.  Incorporation may be effected by grinding, or by dissolving the waxes, working in the fillers, and evaporating the solvent, but simple fusion at a temperature not exceeding 150 DEG  C. is preferred.  Shapes may be produced by casting or by pressure or injection moulding, or rough shapes may be finished by sculptors' tools.  Plates for lining vessels are cast, fitted in place, and welded, or linings may be produced by painting or spraying.  Surface colouring may be effected by a solution or dispersion of the colour, solvents being chosen which soften the surface of the composition so that on drying the colour is embedded; or the colour may be fixed by applying a flame or hot air or an iron to the surface, in which case the colour may be sprayed on as a powder; or the same composition plus a colour may be applied as a thin layer to the surface and melted on; or fine aluminium powder may be merely dusted on; or articles made from compositions containing copper powder may be pickled in known manner to give a brown or green patina.  Numerous examples are given, of which the following are typical: (1) 1000 parts of the product obtained by bleaching montan wax and esterifying as in Example 4 of Specification 296,145, are melted and mixed with 300 parts of precipitated calcium carbonate and poured at 100 DEG  C. into a pre-heated heat-insulated gypsum mould which has been coated first with shellac and then with nitro-cellulose lacquer.  Cooling takes place slowly and the product has the translucent, smooth, yellow appearance of old marble.  (2) 100 parts of montan wax treated as in the former example are ground with 40 parts of calcium carbonate and 400 parts of cellulose and the powder pressed at 50 DEG  C. and 400 atmospheres.  Specifications 14919/99, [Class 2, Acids and salts, Organic &c.], 16744/05, 25637/08, [both in Class 70, Indiarubber &c.], 2708/15, 187,376, [both in Class 22, Cements &c.], 197,067, [Class 87 (ii), Moulding plastic &c. substances], 259,409, 324,631, 327,417 and 327,713, [all in Class 22, Cements &c.], also are referred to.