Patent CA-3061931-A1 (CA)
Inventor: HE YOULIANG
IPC: H02K15/02
Filed: 2019-11-19
Abstract: An oriented magnetic core lamination technique and a method of producing circular lamination cores. The method includes cutting rectangular strips with teeth pointing in a single direction (may not be the traverse or rolling direction) from the steel sheet plane, as opposed to directly punching circular laminates from the steel sheet with the teeth pointing in all directions. The strips are cut in such a way that the short side is aligned to the direction that has the best magnetic properties. The strips can then be bent into a donut or toroidal shape, either inwardly (with teeth pointing to the circle center) or outwardly (with teeth pointing out of the center) depending on the design of the lamination core. The direction with the best magnetic properties may be determined by magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), or electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).ned in a direction that has the best magnetic properties. 25. The method according to claim 24 wherein said teeth are punched from a donut-shape preform bent from said rectangular strips along a long side. 26. A method for producing laminates suitable for magnetic cores, said laminates being produced from rectangular strips cut from steel sheets, the method comprising: a) determining a preferred direction having the strongest <100> crystal orientation, or a direction having the best magnetic properties on said steel sheets; b) cutting rectangular strips from said steel sheets, said rectangular strips being suitable for the manufacture of 22 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Attorney Docket No. 1327P0110A01 circular laminates and having the short side aligned in said preferred direction; c) executing steps dl) - d4) or steps el) - e3); dl) removing excess material from said strips; d2) forming a toroidal shape from said strips by bending said strips along a long side and joining ends of said strip to one another wherein the excess material removed in step dl) facilitates said bending; d3) removing further material from said toroidal shape to form teeth, thereby resulting in said laminate having teeth; d4) ending said method; el) removing material from said strips to form teeth; e2) bending said strips into said toroidal shape and joining ends of said strip to one another to thereby result in said laminate having teeth; e3) ending said method. 27. The method according to claim 26 wherein step a) is executed using magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) analysis. 28. The method according to claim 26 wherein step a) is executed using x-ray diffraction (XRD). 29. The method according to claim 26 wherein step a) is executed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). 30. The method according to claim 26 wherein removal of excess material in said method is executed by punching using a die. 23 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Attorney Docket No. 1327P011CA01 31. The method according to claim 26 wherein said teeth in said laminate are facing away from a center of said toroidal shape. 32. The method according to claim 26 wherein said teeth in said laminate are facing towards a center of said toroidal shape. 33. The method according to claim 26 wherein in step el), said material removed to form teeth includes material such that slots are formed on both sides of a yoke where bending occurs when said strip is bent into said toroidal shape. 34. The method according to claim 26 wherein step e2) is executed using two rotating plates with applied pressure such that only in-plane deformation is allowed. 35. The method according to claim 26 wherein step e2) is executed using at least a mandrel. 36. The method according to claim 35 wherein said mandrel has a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of said laminate. 37. The method according to claim 26 wherein said excess material removed in step dl) is removed such that slots are formed on both sides of a yoke part where bending occurs when said strip is bent into said toroidal shape. 38. The method according to claim 26 wherein ends of said strip are joined to one another by welding. 39. The method according to claim 38 wherein said welding is friction stir welding. 24 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Attorney Docket No. 1327P011CA01 40. The method according to claim 38 wherein welding is resistant welding. 41. The method according to claim 26 wherein said further material removed in step d3) is removed such that both yoke and teeth are formed. 42. The method according to claim 41 wherein said removal of further material from said toroidal shape in said method is executed by punching using a die. 43. The method according to claim 26 wherein laminates formed by said method are suitable for stacking to form a magnetic core for an electric motor. 44. The method according to claim 26 wherein said steel sheet is grain-oriented electrical steel. 45. The method according to claim 26 wherein said steel sheet is non-oriented electrical steel. 46. The method according to claim 27 wherein said preferred direction is a direction with a largest MBN energy. 47. The method according to claim 1 wherein said preferred crystal direction is a direction with a lowest core loss. 48. The method according to claim 1 wherein said preferred crystal direction is a direction with the largest <100> intensity. 49. An invention according to the attached figures and text. CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Punching TD Ei, TD 0 9 1.,0 sor I 0. RDSteel sliest -4.RD Stecicing FIG. 1 (PRIOR ART) 1D 4Angular MBN A r= MBN Energy or RMS , , 0 4t4tet444,4114,444; T i v 411111111,44%* RD Cut strips with the teeth at an angle A to RD AO FIG. 2 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Oriented electrical A <100> .-steel with a .4) I Goss texture A <100> V' ,I' 0 V ....... 1 i , . 0 .c .. .., 3 3 a 1 * : * * -0. * <100> * TD grilycloo> <100> <100> A A IA a 1,== .õ.. yr. amommomok RD I- 01 C 00 15 30 45 60 75 90 a. a. a. h T.: .T === q T th i x cli e. a , 1, Ocnis el Measured Texture 0 (011)<100> W in Euler Space 0 g \ ia 1.-g 0 FIG. 3 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Electrical I steel with a rotated Goss texture a <101> <101> , p 0 V A 0 ; it.' Strip n .,2 11111111111,11 - . 3 - = I 1 LLIIIIIMILL To (101)<101> <101> õ 01> c 1 A A 0 0 = 5 1111111111111 5tr1" 1... 6 0 S c v v o z immwommi. RD tit411/41111 Strip 1 ** * * * * * * * * * * * 0 16 300 450 600 76 90 <010> ________________________ cp, 6 ,-h Rotated Goss (101)<101> Measured Texture k / in Euler Space tia to P. ei 111 4. 92 a 46 FIG. 4 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 If A if %. it, 1 Electrical ptifop flbo 45 1)1 ' steel with a i' I, , <001>IIND Vx colo.t. fibre texture TD A6/64 4 pr 0 fr 1, ammailimmi. co704 co704 RD <010> Cut strips with the teeth at an angle 45 1)1 to RD 00 15 30 45 60 75 90 __________________________ (Pi en T-cn 0.4%4490 Measured Texture i'n v. in Euler Space el) la -en t. -6 an0 92 = 45 FIG. 5 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 111111.1111111 i tito &to 411 4 ill <=3 14 im A 4/4 I* (a) Inward Bending FIG. 6A 1111111111111 Outward Bending r2:: = * 111111 (b) FIG. 6B CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Deformation Slots at the area bending points . . 4- Yoke Ir Teeth FIG. 7 / __________________________ 2111 t Passive bending/guide wheels Strip guides Straight strip \ \ , Al,(4--------------------.16 , - a a - Strip 4 - I, , A , ipir Ir 1 P2 k P1 Nkl,s, , P2 P1 s. 4 Mandrel , Active bending plates FIG. 8 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Mandrel ,........\* diameter is smaller than - - ._(* -the inner diameter of P2 the core ,.. ,,,,-",!,-A '.4õ,,,,,.:, ..o.' -= .1. .' -i--Ilit a 111 111 e II Spring back of the bent strip FIG. 9 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 1 Passive i 71µ liwtinal61 / bending ¨ ¨ ..lp* .- wheel k, ':..===911inmeN P2 # 7.7 P2 z Mandrel . / eiõ,, 4 r, Strips PI = - i - "'ITN i I (a) FIG. 10A CA 3061931 2020-02-28 , - = - =:.===`,.4:.*Wt;,k; = -RWPW.M: :M=;;KM: Retract i=Prr. õ = õ 41111 = =/- = - = - IMO Retract Retract , /Iambi Remove .11, 11- Remove (b) FIG. 1013 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 1 i dl , d2 ,.....,-.4, = -.- ` --= - r=`:-Ift--.--, %-=. - = .; .. .. '-. .. 6 , .. =z,'. 4'.7-,-,.'' ..- -== ' , . . . ,-; ,.,...._ t .=- = 1--<. ).--0, =.-_, --..,- '. 8 -*--. ,_,, . . . = =,=,_ = ...rk....' I , e . -,1. .7 e.?,=1`'' =-= :' ;';' e ...:" = ; 4 la' I.2- 1$1 :i, ,;,,- ,_ :5;'= 1 7 :4":-V' = - 'i .. -I - .- - .i.`1004' -"! P. - . - . - . - . - . - . - . I._ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ .- -:... =--.-- . ' . _ . 1 - '--- = ':`: .,- .. I I c='-4,-- - :" = õ:. _ 1.-- , ,,,_ ,,,====z(,;%"=;-_,,,"`.... iI ''-'-µ r --= ,-. ...z. _._,.-µ,..,....,,... at., , , . ,**''' -..:,.,= i = -- ,--:õ.k( , , = , .. li:1, . ' ,- , '44. ''t = .... . 1 1 FIG. 11 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Deformation area Slots Yoke Part \ i \ , . . ' , . . , , , , . , . , , . . 444 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . ir ' ' Tooth Parts _ Slots _ 1 I I 1 Ili l: # e = \ 1 , . ' , Preform , , . / / , . . , . , ., . . , . ,-. -, - - = ,_ , , , -, - - . - - , , - . , . . - - . , . ss , . , , Joint (welding) FIG. 12 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 = ,= = == . . , = = Y='17 _ _ , = = - - = t - - - = - - = - - - ----- = - = - = -. , s Teeth _c = =- = ¨ ' - = ' A = -Yoke / Punch out . , . = = oKe= Final laminate = = FIG. 13 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Deformation area Slots Yoke Part , . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . , . ' , . . . . I , , , Slots Tooth Parts , , . . ., , Preform . s , , , , s , / : s , , ---,--. . , - = . ./ ,--,, , =.- ...-, ., .. ...--- .s,.. ., , . s , . .. , . . , ., . = ,' , -- , , , , , . , Joint (welding) FIG. 14 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 v ro/f, ....k\es...... A , .., . _I:. , r.õ , .... õ0. ,... _.. , ,.....,0 _!, ...._.... , . .._ ._ . . _.õt. õ , , ... , . iõ = .-',! -..e. , , 'A"' -";=?: , ; i Yoke ... -= A -- , Final laminate ----4 , [if , - , =,i, , --'" 7 r f r ,. /V e ? = Teeth ; . Punch out FIG. 15 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 , = , A = -. = Wada.r.fillk... Tf, .4.A.6-' 11--- -4gP-4'11 - . -t:za.....:*.Ø' i liBeT .:: ', 1 .. *....t..... I. r.' = 'F=il". '''''.11. - , .44 '-. .11,L-77 -. .4-1.=-t.173.. .. b. ::::1..Ø1ke== (te ccr-e ..;:'4-,..=. . .7: , Itiltii.1 FIG. 16 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 APPENDIX CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Introduction 4 ' 6mInisfion: e,. 1)44 ?..-. = . 4. , :ziPi : , t...musem:t7 j.,1 ="" - ..3,7: .. cvgihe Vett ).> With a given battery capacity, 410" --1 'Ave Ti = 0.3 the driving range of an electric vehicle I 1 COV_It.,F1 10E Enginel can be extended by Ii = 0.5-0.95 improving the traction motor's -4,- ri = 0.95 , .,..01, , ti,xli energy efficiency. 1 -tisIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIrnw"'"" [Transmissions I Novel motor design and new materials r-- Transmission TI = 0.98 õ410õ are the key to high efficiency of Wheels 1 electric motors. ; 1 Wheels I ii CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Ferromagnetic Cores i fr Electrical steel laminations Electrical Steels: = Clean chemistry: 0, N, s (magnetic cores) are widely == Optimized grain size used in transformers, electric Fe + Si =(<3.5 0/0) = Preferred crystal motors, generators, etc. ori'entation Y Thec e portance fficiency of these Processing: casting = Minimum residual stress mahines is of great im for electrical energy hot rolling cold = Thin sheet thickness consumption or generation. ' rolling annealing = High electrical resistivity ¨ _____________________________________________________ , , f ..IIW ... Nft, ' -'''Illi.M11014":4,011r a 4i,CP I 1 Mk . '10." -AI 0 0 _ , , , * Steel sheets Lamination cores Core with winding Electric motor III CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Grain Oriented vs. Non-oriented Electrical Steels 4 r- The transformer core is õ------. made from the sheet with the rolling direction parallel , - ¨ , , - õ, ,õ =4-,.-1.. ).-T-,.-to the single magnetization vz,.,,f, Al, itonagoireotion is direction. ----= the Magnetization -......., r Only the rolling direction is Direction N required to have optimal 1 \\ magnetic properties. 'SI __________________________________________________________________ , RD Magnetization r The Goss texture provides Directions the required magnetic = The electric motor properties core requires Magnetization Direction optimal magnetic wming properties in all :Norik , - .-PM.11, "M" '-'- - ------- - - ----- , the directions. Iwo. Alf ... 41 lit is, si 4.,_ = it isp very difficult , to roduce , r Yr.. f 4FrAk dm-. 7., LA ,.. RIX uniformly ,, 110 Ile ::= ; , . " ....4r distributed crystal ' -...,1=ill -.... RID K ra ..,_., . ,.. miti _ . orientations with \ 14 \ A IIII1*', easy axes in all .....õ, -n......... i i... _ c... Ir.., the directions. .'M 17111r -Rolling DireCtiOrt ii CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Objectives = Optimize the microstructure and crystallographic texture of non-oriented electrical steels. Produce textures that align the easy axes of the crystals in all the directions in the sheet plane. = Develop new lamination technologies to facilitate the alignment of the easy axes in the magnetization direction. = Reduce the material waste during core lamination. Make prototype magnetic cores for testing in motors. = Understand the mechanisms that control the formation of specific textures during thermomechanical processing of electrical steels. CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy [100] _ , ___________________________________ Magnetization Anil1/4 õ . . -RD.' 1.6 <111> Energy l_l fibre: <110>//RD 12 <110> 01...'.. poi] MP " __ ; W ,..- .* :r ' m . 0 TD 471 111.1.0 irlre -0 , fibre: <111>//ND a) liiit i¨ ea' 0.8 .. [110] [111] '4 ik <100> 0001 . 1001 0. ' _t.,- Ei f'ibre: <100>'/ND --s. _ 0.4 1 \Ssik--116 Dewed a-Fe -al 0 200 H 400 i 600 1, .. ill1W111. = X* 411.., ::%== , A/m --. 1 i. Promote the <100>IIND a 1 1 - 1 11 Oil 7-: texture. - i v Ma. =I 1 1,.0 A ''', 'in * ' r- Reduce the <111>IIND f.,-. i 0,"fd+O Dag el Orientation ,..2, 212 .... texture 1 Molf**11 **** Distribution ssitrimentat ,p22245. . k Function (00F) ...EIN CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Unconventional Rolling , Hot Rolling fc Inclined Rolling _ The same initial \A i.. microstructure, rotated 4 ,404 ' :, ,,, µ , ini.tiatl tetixctmurfelo, diffeatrehnt 0r 4, - different texture.P aho... 111111 ,,Ar IIIIIIr , -, _ v , , ,K =,.., = õ,,, 4_, __________________ Piate z..,,- --,,k,,,,, , .,v--,,,, Hot Rolling Direction t -io,. Cold Rolling Direction 900 , , t,- - '-t ' ,toirieritionai Rolling --- 0 * , , , , Gross ROOS - , 4 - Urarlr,,,V70MATK 1 INIkuwelkalltil _ CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Optimized Texture: 0.9% Silicon Steel RD . _ . ,,) ' J . . . NDpr- qb,, .; 4 . *.t. t = 4044 I a ......õ. ...01,--.4 õ ,...40 4 i = - - ,,..... - 4 ' M I r ' jella" ' 1.140 , 200 urn µ , tir ,4 , , , .,..., , õ,. sir , . - ' 741 ' *: ' t'. ' ii., _-, ,,,* ' el 750 C for 5 min 1 isisommo * ,õak , 4,, ,, 11 .= 401/4 Incline Rolled at 45 to HRD Rr = = ia gm a ..op , Mk.. Ilialk= - --___ 0 15 30 45 60 750 .900 .;-= ,4 -- ).44.1 `1',-.;--... :4 (a) _ r) ..,, .,.::,.........._,.. (....= : t f l' ,,. . ; ,........., V (...,.. C , 1 6L'j is * "";=1--": - ... 4AI . - 4.? :::: c.-. , * '1,' (' . . k..- = r ti I ' , 4 ( t tv) '''' ke. 0 ..,..õ) c 41. i = 043, . ,-7õ, === -.. N.:. ..,., .."'" , / ' = ...mil 2 2 41:11, = , Lau 2" 2 , ' .) d 40 ... L.3._ r")µ.. .4/: M ....111...........".,-,, : ' 1 0041.:,..... 3=1... .4, 4.".'s \ = "" 2 3 (---- - '.----' 7 . , = . ., ,. . 0 ',.., Si, i4., ., 30 ,. .p . õt t.,, ., , .. * = = I Incline Rolled at Different Angles to HRD 780 C for 120 min CA 3061931 2020-02-28 No No Tracking the Evolution of Texture r nu 4 min 8 min 11 mks min 19 . 41 min E I. '1, i i L:V), 0- I - ' . 'ti.µ - f *1 ...Y-4',,,k. - - =7'..., ot ,4 f... .. saint, A -m NA (111141104 16$3U1041 MI 1.11 ... ... . tiik I -.4,, , ic .4, .:V: ,7:1110f1,,,,,41,5 . i'l't..,' ,it '7, , .,,,,), ;' , = 4 tif ell a tat65,643. 166tki. 1 . 4 , , = ,;::.', 6 '6( . ,,,,,, ', . jr t, I.. . ,,, ,,, ::., , .,,, ,4 ,i,.., , ii::. . 4'' .1: .V. ,i 4 44, 7 tO di :.i,,,,,:, 4 1 i' ., 1, 4 = = == = ). . 11.1 4 4 i i :4,4,4. ' ,-: i: fa: 0, ii = , 1 ..., .t., .. 4, ti,' .. 11. col 4, !..f.. iih , , rrI,...., '1,4 0 '; ' '',.;-= ..jc ;P' , it", Ira .... ',.'',:ir 41,.rik' e $), 0 .# :3'45 e * :113),.347 K1 44 , .1 1 1113131216 = / , fit. . . : A I 1'24' = 1 ..µ ,,Ar''- . 4õ ' 4 , : T : "''?1 ;" 1 . ,,,o, , . 4õ. 4 I OAS 1 i 4, =-tc...1.*Lsc. ' t'... , or's,, '. sr .. ' 4 4 I =::4 ¨40 , ; 4' --; ,.**-. ..ii il ;,-).:1 6' '''' .,: it "- '6- ..Y. i = '4 . apt .* $ -.,,,it II,. . -, , ...r. 4e4õ...... ' tb a . *. i ss 4, e...z.'t , ,41,;*1 = '' = 6.: y . ..'' ,6 1 , ,,.' = ,, ,s,r . .. ,,,s ''. = s j õ =, 4 o,os , ,, o .0-901 _=õr.., so SS 60 65 ---' i ' , I t2'-' N b .,µ=-=-: ) ' ( \ eo:S LS 20 25 30 35 40 45 2.36.0610040664604 ..... (._.,,A _ '...- '. '\... ?L'''' I( ''', ,..:46. . /=' N..3 g ir /.1. w / it. 40A on a 1 . , ¨ e"----1" -C.s--,- '2,...i- - p, ...- , --/: < \,-,---- ,.. Ho. (.11.....r.... N,e:':'? - - - - - - ` '7. - - :al ::11-2- \ - ' ' m - - -I: ii''w:.: -: -2- ,/ 1 r 3 ''' Max- 16.1 1 ;il,.,A, ^ _ , '.. -7 , Ir//71 '1_1' / I /2'1 Kr- sk--in .1¨i. ...' '-x." . Quasi in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique to trace the annealing process. 010.34.1.666, 1133)1311.0041 Sow 0044 - - = -. -- = - - - = - .... MININIK an CA 3061931 2020-02-28 2.8% Si Steel: Effect of Annealing Time . , 4" 3 NO 111 :47 :Or' " 0 ,. irx 4.1/... 4. si , %I., % , 112 233 f lit44, ' . '' * 4 1 = c4!, #1. ..-..!==, ,,.* ..,1 ; = 114 Of 1:. b ;,,' c' ' C'e 1 = '.=*; ', i 4 . i ''' ''' , ::`*-k li :1,. 1 ''.= 001 013 012 101 ; Vs' i t ti. 4. .,,, ., : :. i 1.. I 41 ;-44.401 lirr if4 r, õ104 . ' .= ?At. Ail, .4 = 1 4 iai , 1 At , \ 4,1 1õ I , vs. , irle 'µ, .,, /.41: . ii:21 _ 4 . . '"'µ .' # µi \ ='* 74441 . )4 , , t . . = = ;. .4 ''' ' 1.4,1* i ' ilfr'!. t . .1 .#1,* 4 i = t .'== ''. )14 4 , t *iit' , .-. , 44 .i- ' , . 8 , .., ,,, .. '''.41- kt = = .= = = ' ,µ i-,,,., , ,,, = '110 ' 10 , = 417 , ** , c = 46 : : , ' ' f 11 711. '1'1111 l'i *4'.1=111 .4 ,.....:, I. ,.. ...,#, 4 .:., .,,,-, # . 4# . w.,-, 41i 411r9le 111, $ '' 'õ ., t -t,1 = 44\ ,., i4 t 4 , pilt Ad wt.., . Fite ,µ,.!''.; 'loll*: ='% i 17111 *CV' Cri. 4 # fp '1441*V.4 'e .404 '.. 9.;;% : 40' 4 iik4 1 it * *, \ '.:lit. *. t , RD , ,,,,,,,2 ilii., ..4% õ 1 '--44 \ ' '' -' .o;'-' 4 ' '''' = . '= ' i = ' k See-' nikr-0'1; .'i'.. r fp Atit $4,iir `, #= 1...,.k ' - i, I. 00 u m 4 .t, , = .. il, , , .11 =!1 rt. :AL i Lz., ; ..,. 4 õ e 2 ' .8 ' . ' = ,. ' . I .. I,. .1 = i' ? ... . ____________________________________________________ ND ..' = '''' -,'-- w '''' w . = .......-- ______ min 30 min 60 min ' 90 min 120 min 2.8% Si, Cold Rolling Annealing at 750 C I 1111.1111kw, USA CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Eliminating the <111>IIND Texture ---''' - \r4(N' 6 217 2 6 ' dil I _to ' e ,,,,) Ilki....06...._ MINaMA111 1 la 4 _ 4 -,,,õ i t \ _.4 ¨r - i 111 m Dj- --, , ,i, oimmisms, Ell= ,._ ., , _ 1 m-wird"---/ ___ \___. Elam 46 , ire _____________ ----,.. Annealing IMINI - at 750 C iirifirol -- MigIA"Rifritil 1 :70 4 40. 1 r 30 nun - 60 min , 2 ._______,,,,,e=-=,..... 10....iiimmonfaidipi4 1 Alk k L I Ilko6 I 1 '1 ' F.vAien C 3 3.1r grok- - _J- Hay, ___. 1 li , toolgolul lek,81.= ' ai&õt\ -- 1 <-.._ 1 i, -,.! (Th Cold Rolling Texture .4014 mm....-., . argumpip-- , 1 . i = :: *-g , 1 v" i 7 1 .. __, 4 ii iii in oh '77:--,-Annealing for 60 and 90 min 0 .7 -promotes the <100>IIND texture. I - i , - 1 y-hbre 0 11.fiND 0- Annealing for 30 and 120 min [ j I 0 e = ,:.' ss enhances the <111>IIND texture 90 min ', 120 min : It = , oloilizl (õ:77,011 - ' Annealing Texture 1116111 siall CA 3061931 2020-02-28 3.25% Si Steel: Effect of Annealing Temperature % , 1 j.a., ,e,,,, Arr. .0:" , , = - . vili , it= . = liv , i=- ' *41. 4p '''''' ' 41 II 0 = k ' it = '40 4 . 4" ' E " _ . ' It 41 id all&E 4 ti- ....=- 1 0.41611P'' . , , õ, _ , NI* = ip,õ_ = 4 w - =, -, - I, = X N. . . aie . goe , i ,' ' ... '1' ;=4., ' , Ar . . . = ND -" ti. 4:10511 get , al 14 e= r 4 . v -.1r = . 200 um . MIIIIIIIM111011111 RD 3.25% Si, Cold Rolled ... tdiali. ,. . ". f 750 C ' _ , ,, ,,,16, 850 C' 4/1111116 . 950 C L aia - -vt, =-,.... = :--s --4-5 10, No_ ND aa4 -111 a -. , = , .. . = Aft ol= , . '' ojetg, ' 41 --',. . = '1g! : cast, rolled and heat=1 II.: .'= =n4s., '' ' *,=,:.= - ='3 , treated in CMAT. 001 013 012 101 - fr' The grain size was _ - v= , -- RD controlled in a relatively .`,-.._ ''' 1050 C _____________ .. ' .' ,114, 1150 C1 small range 80-190 Am. de Different holding times: Annealed at Different Temperatures Alia_ 180, 90, 60, 10 and 2 min. 111111111111W -4111 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 3.25% Si Steel: Texture Optimization , '19;j 4 44 :,..)10 { \\.,..). 0- Typical cold rolling texture. lallailW-C49 =i ' ____, `.- Very strong = , --t, ` 3 7 2.i3 IWO A \ -rotated cube. ,---- ,7,..õ __ 1 k= 1) 11111' -Agri " `.., A strong y-fibre ) g.;-*1 1- 1 EIMIIIEN 6111511 151¨ \ _ _ . -------,` - ¨ __,, (<111>IIND) -----_z_--- _________________ --- ----- 1 17500C1 IMI-850 C rani 950 C ."" \ r s, , , --V 4. 1:6 , . tf 1 \ 1 ) ,, , 14 / , , -6, t 4¨ i L i l ,4.,, i .. , ilibtm; Cold Rolling Texture -7 i 'i 1 I , 1---...,- t t 4 õ ,_ 4_ , , , _ _ -V Annealing at 850 C for 90 min produces *um ,F. the strongest 0-fibre (<100>IIND) texture. 'it)) q 4 .-..* i 1 - -, 1 0 c> -IMP v Annealing at 950, 1050 and 1150 C 1 H 1 weakens the y-fibre, but the 0-fibre is also M--P-:= w /-,\ 1,050 C/1.\ (- - , 1 1150 C Arrmbe- 'F. ¨ weakened. .., Annealing at 750 C for 180 min produces Annealing Texture the strongest <111>//ND texture I 1111101X-41411 CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Magnetic Properties of the 3.25% Si Steel _____________________________________________________________________________ 500 0.30 - Desired Texture 220 - I v I = I = I = I ./- = ) - al- -Grain size 1 475 - = -µ. 200 -=-- DC core loss . - \----= 0 - \ 0.25 - '.. = = O 0.2 ' 180 - \ / s' j .. E - 400 ---0: .9 = = i 160 -Z . . " E.' = -375 u) SI u 0.15 - 4 '. . = - as- = ¨ ¨. <001>IIND . / = 7) 140 -E - * - <110>//RD 1:1 /I 350 44 = -1-.... a a ;= > = . - -A= - <111>IIND 120 -u 0.10 - ii, : == C.7 ,,' - 325 C.) - - - == -11- ¨ II' = ''. ,' . A = = 4 = = - 3N = '= , -. , '' = ,.--.. , 0.05 -Detrimental Textures 'I- , 100 -275 - 80 -I I 750 850 950 1050 110 i , i , i , __ i = i 250 750 850 950 1050 1150 Annealing temperature ( C) Annealing temperature ( C) Fibre Texture vs. Annealing Temperature DC Core Loss vs. Annealing Temperature CA 3061931 2020-02-28 Magnetic Properties Compared to Oriented Steel 16 ____________________________________ 14 . ____________________________ '1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1'1', ' 13- -14 - - NOES 850 C i_ : . I _ A_ ¨ . ¨111¨ GOES = - . GOES RD : -1 ,, ; i / 12 -/ : - -s- - NOES (850 C) 12 - GOES TD 11--. I +- T"'= , GOES Mix , = ' i 10 : Critical frequency \ , ' 7 :10- I,' ..... 9- _ 1. 1 in = 7 , G , I-, 8 - I- - 7-: rain-oriented , vs , . . 7 v) - .= . 1 . - 8 6 - Steel, RD ,' ,,, . = ,. y -2 6-, 4- -4--- ¨I¨ --4 !---.: ' ='' . .¨ eta ' , 1 . . = i 5- .N.NNµ./ ' _ to o u -O , . , T /''' ' ' L.) 4 -, , 7 . 'r === "' , Grain-oriented 3- , , - Our Steel, RD 7 c a 2 - Steel, RD _ 2: , - - . ,i., ,,- -' -= _ , cil , . = 'õ -B = 1.0 T -o - - - . - - - Our Steel, RD - o ______________________________ = , = ,.....,= i= .= I= 1 , i . i .e.1"¨'1'1`1.1'1'1'1 ' 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 Magnetic flux density B (T) Frequency (Hz) CA 3061931 2020-02-28 New Lamination Technology New Method . 4 4 Traditional Lamination Method Non- e 0/ oriented i.k e Punchin , . ,,00.Mi ''..4= electrical 001: , ______________________________________________________________________________ _ ; TD steel with a 7 ,, . .. = =.; 614 i:: - c f ' ', . t., rotated cube texture 44 0 7õ Kt ky\ ' ' A A A 0=45, 61 _... ,.. 4, Stacking (001).4110> I. A .0 tO\Aut strips with the A & Rft <010> RD Kt Kt teeth at 45 to RD = 50-80% of the ; 1-'14VilIMP4418,011,:l immilmool* - 4 material was wasted. ,,,,* ,t__, = it was not possible . :'tiAill! 4; ... F"' to produce a non- ' r. ' ''.1 mi7) 1 inivo 0.4 ri oriented electrical r ' 'Ili** ' *i. St .4 iiii6MtilOIC'' :' steel with optimized 410 = ' '-' ,, ... 4. properties in all the ::014.11+;i=:;'-'7-.''' ?--- l .4m, hi;---.1 directions. Ik_i, 4440-siff0014..;ifA = The efficiency of the -;_' lgoogistom...... _41 rg magnetic core is not _: ' =,P, : . , -1.'i;,,-.4=,37 1= optimized. ib000$40 . Immessomp RD 11111111111a=: CA 3061931 2020-02-28 = Manufacturing Prototype Stator Core . . ------...... ' ..... = -.:* :',. - ' c' :1* ..: -= = ,1-* . = _ . Ai 4eil=Nt =;., , ' -'; = . a -' = 4r . 4,44iµo\* , =C -.,,, . ). Commercial grain-oriented electrical steel with coating, 0.35 mm thickness. õPA The magnetization directions are all in ttve rolling direction (<100>). ,o=-_; z: D Outer diameter 195 mm, stacking height 75 mm. L`Virgt". . 71: > Will be tested in a prototype motor = 111111111119911111 CA 3061931 2020-02-28