Patent GB-1049393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for cutting helical grooves in cylindrical articles
IPC: B24B49/00
Filed: 1963-06-21
Abstract: 1,049,393. Grinding. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. Inc. June 21, 1963 [June 25, 1962], No. 24762/63. Headings B3B and B3D. Apparatus for cutting a helical groove 16, Fig. 8, in a cylindrical article, such as a cylindrical insulating body having a conductive coating to produce a resistor, comprises a groove-cutting device such as a rotatable grinding wheel 34, Fig. 1, a pair of rotatable chucks 37, 38 for gripping the article 11 for rotation about its longitudinal axis, the chucks being mounted on a carriage 31 for movement between a loading position and a cutting position and the cutting device being movable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the article to cut the helical groove therein, powerdriven cam means 223 for controlling the movement of the carriage towards and away from the cutting position and for controlling the gripping action of the chucks, and independent means 51 supplementing the action of the cam means for variably controlling the engagement of the cutting device with the cylindrical article The resistor is made by machining the helical groove 16, Fig. 8, in a coating 12 of electrically conductive material, e.g. carbon, on a cylindrical ceramic core 11 having terminals 13 at its ends. General.-A gating mechanism 21, Fig. 1, selectively feeds blanks from a supply tube 22 to a series of notches 23 in a carrier 24 which is continuously rotated to advance successive blanks to a loading station. At the loading station a chucking mechanism is actuated for gripping and removing a blank from a notch. A work-head 31 is initially actuated by cam means 32 to advance a blank gripped by the chucking mechanism towards a machining station where it engages machining means, e.g. an abrasive cutting wheel 34. The latter is mounted on a wheel-head 42 traversed parallel to the axis of the gripped blank, the traverse being commenced as the work-head 31 approaches the cutting wheel 34. When the blank engages the cutting wheel, the cam means 32 ceases to advance the work-head 31, and an electromagnetic device 51 is then effective further to advance the work-head 31 to press and maintain the blank in engagement with the cutting wheel 34 with adjustable pressure. As the cutting wheel 34 traverses, a helical groove is cut to the selected depth through the coating to form a helical resistive circuit path. A control circuit 52 connected electrically to the terminals of the blank monitors the resistance of the carbon coating across the terminals during machining. When the resistance reaches a predetermined value, the control circuit 52 energizes a release solenoid 53 which moves the work-head to release the grooved blank from engagement with the cutting wheel. The cam means 32 then moves the work-head 31 toward the carrier 24, whereupon a grip controller 56 also actuated by the cam means 32 opens the chucking mechanism to release the grooved blank and drop it into a discharge shoot 57. The cam means 32 then restores the work-head 31 and grip controller 56 to their initial positions preparatory to another machining cycle. Main drive assembly.-A main drive motor 62 provided in an assembly mounted to the underside of the machine frame 61 drives, through reduction gearing 66 and gears 64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, the shaft 79 of the carrier 24. Gears 68, 71, 72 rotate cam-shafts 77, 321, 78 respectively. Gating mechanism.-The supply tube 22, Fig. 3, feeds blanks to an aperture 82 in a housing 81 secured to the frame of the machine. A slot 86 formed in a slidable gate 84 receives a blank from the aperture 82 and upon sliding movement of the gate transfers the blank into alignment with an aperture 88 in the housing 81. A reservoir 90 supplies compressed air to a pneumatic feeder 91 in alignment with the aperture 88 for propelling the blank from the slot 86 into a conveyer tube 92 leading to the carrier 24. The gate 84 is moved by an air cylinder 93, under the control of a valve 96 actuated by the grip controller 56 on actuation of the chucking mechanism to grip a blank in a notch of the carrier. Carrier device.-The carrier 24, Fig. 4, has equally spaced round its periphery blank holder assemblies each comprising a radially extending slot 102, a notch 23, a lip 104 and a clamp lever 106 free to pivot within the slot into a blank release position against one wall of the slot and into a blank holding position wherein a portion 108 of the lever urges a blank into the notch 23. With the clamp lever in the release position, the carrier rotates counterclockwise to align a blank holder assembly with the end 111, Fig. 2 (not shown), of the conveyer tube 92 simultaneously with the dispensing of a blank by the gate 84. The blank emerges from the end 111 into a notch 23, a bumper 112 mounted on the other side of the carrier arresting the advance of the dispensed blank. As the carrier 24 rotates further counterclockwise, the clamp lever 106 pivots gravitationally into the holding position to clamp the blank in the notch 23. The carrier 24 continues to rotate counterclockwise and aligns the clamped blank with the loading station whereupon the chucking mechanism is effective to grip and remove the blank from the notch 23. Chucking mechanism.-The work-head 31, Fig. 5, has a base 116, slidably mounted on guide rods 117, 117 for movement between the loading and machining stations, and spaced upwardly projecting arms 118, 118. A rigid insulating sleeve 121 mounted in one arm 118 carries bearings 126 for a shaft 131 driven, through a universal joint 141 and a clutch brake mechanism, by a chuck motor 36 fixed to the machine frame. A chuck 37 having a conical recess 142 for receiving the end of a workpiece is secured to the end of the shaft 131. A chuck 38 having a conical recess 143 is secured to the end of an idler shaft 146 mounted for axial movement in a sleeve 148 rotatably mounted by bearings 151 carried by a rigid insulating sleeve 121 mounted in the other arm 118. A compression spring 158 urges the shaft 146 and chuck 38 to the left, i.e. to gripping position. Grip controller.-The shaft 146 is mounted by a bearing 167 in an insulating ring 172 carried by one end of a lever 181 pivoted on the work-head 31 and urged by a leaf spring 183 against a stop 182 which is adjustable to vary the movement of the chuck 38 toward the chuck 37 so that various length blanks may be gripped. The other end of the lever 181 carries a roller 191 co-operating with an elongated surface 192 on a plunger 193. A tension spring 213 connected to a rod 198 secured to the plunger 193 urges the latter to the right, so that the chucks are in gripping position. The end 214 of the plunger actuates a contact arm 216 of the valve 936 so that the gate 84 is actuated to dispense a blank into the tube 92. The plunger 193 is moved to the left, causing the chuck 38 to retreat from the chuck 37, by a bell-crank 202 engaging the rod 198 and operated by a cam 222 on the shaft 78. Work-head.-A lug 231 projects downwardly from the work-head 31 through a slot in the machine frame and is received in an annular member on one end of a lever 236 pivoted on the machine frame, the other end of the lever carrying a cam follower 238 riding in a cam slot 241 in a cam member 223 on the shaft 76. The outer wall 242 of the cam slot is effective to move the work-head from the loading station to the machining station wherein the rotating workpiece is in contact with the cutting wheel 34. The electromagnetic device 51 is then effective to move the work-head 31 an additional distance toward the cutting wheel 34; to permit this additional movement, the width of the cam slot 241 is greater than the diameter of the cam follower 238. After the machining has been completed and the workpiece released from engagement with the cutting wheel 34, the inner wall 251 of the cam slot is effective to move the work-head 31 toward the loading station. Electromagnetic device.-The electromagnetic device 51, Fig. 4, comprises an electromagnet 261 having a coil 259 in circuit with a battery 262 and a variable resistor 263. Machining station.-As the work-head 31 advances the rotating workpiece toward the cutting wheel 34, the latter commences traversing. The cutting wheel 34 and its driving motor 41 are mounted on a wheel-head 42 loaded by a spring 277 and having a cam follower 271 cooperating with a cam 272 on the shaft 77, whereby the wheel-head 42 is moved along spaced guides 274. Control circuit.-The chuck shafts 131, 146 are engaged by bushes 282, 282, whereby the resistor being machined is in one branch of a Wheatstone bridge 286, another branch of which contains a resistor 287 adjustable manually or automatically, e.g. by a computer. An output terminal 294 of the bridge is connected through a D.C. amplifier 297 to an electrode 299 of a switch such as a PNPN solid state switch 298. A second output terminal 295 of the bridge is connected to a resistor 300 and a parallel combination of a Zener diode 301 and a resistor 302 which is connected to an output terminal of the amplifier 297 to limit the amplifier output and thus prevent saturation and sluggish operation. The switch 298 has an anode 304 in circuit with a release solenoid 53 a normally closed contact 305 of a reset switch 326 and a D.C. voltage source 306. The ungrooved resistor causes a bridge unbalance, and the amplifier 297 applies a negative control signal to the electrode 299 of the switch 298 to maintain the switch in an " OFF " condition. When, as a result of grooving, the resistance of the resistor equals that of the resistor 287, the bridge balances and a control signal of zero potential is applied to the electrode 299. When the resistor has the desired resistance, e.g. 0À1% greater than that of resistor 287, the bridge unbalance causes the amplifier 297 to apply a positive control signal to the electrode 299, rendering the switch 298 conductive, so energizing the release solenoid 53. A hook 311 is moved by the