baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-991699-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fluid-operated brakes
Inventor: SIMMONS ARTHUR WILLIAM
IPC: B60T15/30
Filed: 1960-11-04
Abstract: 991,699. Compressed air brakes. WESTING- HOUSE BRAKE & SIGNAL CO. Ltd. Oct. 26, 1961 [Nov. 4, 1960], No. 37928/60. Heading F2F. A graduated release distributer for braking equipment includes a quick service valve having a movable housing 4 which contains a quick service bulb inlet valve 7, 8. The arrangement is such that the housing is moved from a first to a second position, at the beginning of the brake application, immediately after quick service is initiated and is maintained in the second position until approaching the end of the subsequent brake release. Two diaphragms 14, 15 are mounted between the housing of the distributer and a spindle 41 slidable in the housing. Together with the housing, the diaphragms 14, 15 form four chambers 16, 17, 20, 21 connected to the brake cylinder, atmosphere, brake pipe, and control reservoir respectively. In the initial position of the distributer the brake cylinders are vented to the atmosphere through passage 34 in spindle 41. Spindle 41 also possesses a valve stem 27 acting as a communication between the bulb through a passage 24 and an exhaust passage 10. The spring-loaded quick service valve communicates with the brake pipe through a passage 26. As the brake pipe pressure is decreased the differential pressure across diaphragm 15 actuates spindle 41, valve stem 27 opening valve 7, 8 to allow brake pipe fluid to expand into the bulb. The increase in pressure below valve housing 4 overcomes the force of spring 6, the housing rising against a stop 42. The movement of spindle 41 unseats valve member 30 to connect the brake cylinders with the auxiliary reservoir. On release of the brakes and venting of the bulb through 10, housing 4 returns to its initial position.
Patent GB-887159-A (GB)
Title: Degreasing and coating apparatus and process
Inventor: HENDRIXSON PHILIP ROE
IPC: B05B16/20
Filed: 1959-11-09
Abstract: <PICT:0887159/III/1> Apparatus for the cleaning and coating of metal articles under an atmosphere of degreasing solvent vapour comprises a treating vessel divided into three sections (1) for degreasing, (2) for paint spraying and (3) for coalescing or smoothing the sprayed coating, the sections being divided by low partitions for the retention of liquid solvent and coating solutions containing the solvent, means for heating and boiling the solvent and solutions in the sections, pumps and sprays for heating the articles with solvent and solutions, a conveyer for moving the articles through the vessel, openings in the upper part of the vessel for entrance and exit of the articles, and means for condensing solvent vapours at the openings. As shown, articles 13 on a conveyer 14 enter section 15 and may be dipped into hot solvent 22 which overflows into a heated compartment 23 from which solvent vapour is evolved and fills the vessel 10, or the articles may be sprayed with solvent from sprays 19 and pump 25. The cleaned articles pass to section 16 where sprays 21 coat them with paint in the same solvent heated above its boiling point by heat exchanger 34.  In section 17 the coating is allowed to coalesce while the articles are heated by an infra-red heater 38 or by induction. The escape of solvent vapour from the exit and entrance openings is prevented by condensers (not shown) which return the condensed solvent to trough 26 and 40 from which it is returned to the system through water separators 28 and 42.  The sectors are heated by steam pipes 24, 31, and 39.  The solvent may be a chlorinated hydrocarbon selected from the group trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and methylane chloride, and the articles may be further treated with a rust inhibitor in the solvent in an additional stage between cleaning and coating.
Patent GB-954285-A (GB)
Title: Reinforced refractory materials
Inventor: GORDON JAMES EDWARD
IPC: C22C47/14
Filed: 1959-01-15
Abstract: In the process of forming a refractory material comprising a refractory matrix of a metal based on silicon based glass like an ceramic material reinforced with refractory whiskers, the whiskers are incorporated into the metal or silicon powder, and after compaction the compact is heated in a current of reactive gas which reacts with the silicon or metal powder to convert it to the required refractory matrix.  The whiskers may be metals, silicon, silicon carbide, boron, boron nitride or carbide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, aluminium silicate, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, aluminium nitride, or chromium boride.  In the examples, zinc oxide or aluminium silicate whiskers are mixed with zinc powder in a liquid.  After drying, the mixture is compacted, heated in air at 400 DEG  C. and then heated in carbon dioxide at 600 DEG -900 DEG  C. to form a matrix of zinc oxide.  In a further example, silicon powder and silicon nitride whiskers are mixed in bromoform, dried, compacted and nitrided at 1350 DEG C-1450 DEG C in a stream of nitrogen and/or ammonia to form a silicon nitride matrix. Specification 940,393 is referred to.ALSO:In a process of forming a refractory material comprising a refractory matrix of a metal based or silicon based glass like or ceramic material reinforced with refractory whiskers, the whiskers are incorporated into the metal or silicon powder and after compaction the compact is heated in a current of reactive gas which reacts with the silicon or metal powder to convert it to the required refractory matrix. The whiskers may be metals, silicon, silicon carbide, boron, boron nitride or carbide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, aluminium silicate, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, aluminium nitride or chromium boride. In the examples, zinc oxide or aluminium silicate whiskers are mixed with zinc powder in a liquid.  After drying, the mixture is compacted, heated in air at 400 DEG C. and then heated in carbon dioxide at 600-900 DEG C. to form a matrix of zinc oxide.  In a further example silicon powder and silicon nitride whiskers are mixed in bromoform, dried, compacted and nitrided at 1350-1450 DEG C. in a stream of nitrogen and/or ammonia to form a silicon nitride matrix. Specification 940,393 is referred to.
Patent GB-923355-A (GB)
Title: Control rod drive mechanism for nuclear reactors
IPC: G21C7/16
Filed: 1961-10-25
Abstract: 923,355. Energy-absorbing devices. UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. Oct. 25, 1961 [Aug. 2, 1961], No. 38136/61. Class 103 (1). [Also in Groups XXIX, XXX and XL (a)] A pressure fluid-operated motor includes a speed-regulating device comoprising a sleeve fixed to a rotatable shaft driven by the motor, an element threadedly engaging the outer surface of the sleeve, means such that rotation of the shaft results in axial movement of the element, and valve means disposed in the path of the fluid discharged from the motor including a regulating part which is movably disposed on the path of the element, whereby predetermined movement of the element engages the valve regulating part and moves it to adjust the rate of flow of the discharge fluid. The motor 24 is connected through axially movable push-rods 26 and 28 to a control rod 22 which is composed of short cylindrical segments 42 of neutron absorbing material disposed in coaxial relation to the support rod 30. The motor inserts the control rod into or out of the nuclear reactor core, so regulating the reactivity within the core, by rotating the shaft 92 and lead screw 62 which effects axial movement of the ball nut 64 and push-rods 26 and 28, so moving the control rod 22 into or out of the core. The hydraulic motor 24 is connected with a source of fluid pressure, and for ordinary regulating movement of the control rod a directional regulating valve 72 is used. In emergency situations scram valves 74 and 76 lead fluid to the motor from an accumulator 82 which is constantly under pressure. Rotation of the shaft 92 (Fig. 2) causes the sleeve 102 to rotate which results in axial translation of the element or nut 108 which is fixedly held against rotation. As the nut progresses upwardly, it engages the lower portion 112 of the valve spool 114, which is urged downwards by the coil spring 126. The spool is normally biased by spring 126 to permit a predetermined full flow from the motor discharge line 116 through the port 122 into the port 124 and then to the return line 118, and during the initial movement of the control rod the port 122 is fully opened, but as the rod progresses the spool gradually closes the port 122 so slowing down the rate of travel of the control rod, until the final travel is permitted only through leakage of the valve. In the emergency operation of the motor the apparatus is so constructed that should the spool 114 or nut 108 seize, then means is provided for decelerating and absorbing the energy of the control rod movement. The rotating force of the sleeve 102 causes the sleeve to move downwardly in opposition to the spring 104. This downward movement places a rotating brass ring 150 in engagement with thread cutters 152 and the energy of the sleeve and shaft is thereby absorbed by the cutting of the brass ring, so causing the shaft 92 to be halted.
Patent GB-876061-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to driving arrangements for calenders
IPC: D21G1/00
Filed: 1958-11-27
Abstract: 876,061. Laminating. BERSTORFF MASCHINENBAU-ANSTALT G.m.b.H., HERMANN. Nov. 27, 1958 [Dec. 4, 1957], No. 38251/58. Class 140. A driving arrangement for calendering rollers, e.g. each mounted on a shaft 6<SP>1</SP> ... 9<SP>1</SP>, comprises independent driving means, e.g. motors 10 ... 13, for each roller, and means, e.g. a clutch 26, for selectively uncoupling one roller, e.g. that on the shaft 7<SP>1</SP>, from its motor 11 and coupling it to the motor 12 of another roller. The transmission to the shaft 7<SP>1</SP> is from a shaft 17 via gears 18, 19, shaft 20, gears 21, 22, shaft 23 and gears 24, 25, and the shaft 17 may be coupled selectively to a gear 16 on a shaft 27 driven by the motor 12 or directly to the motor 11 by operation of the clutch 26. The gears 15, 16 may be interposed at any position within, or after, the gear transmission 18 ... 25. The rollers may be employed for continuously laminating a foil with a fabric.
Patent GB-1113095-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to rotary electric machines
Inventor: RAWCLIFFE GORDON HINDLE
IPC: H02K3/28
Filed: 1965-09-08
Abstract: 1,113,095. Induction motors. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. 30 Aug., 1966 [8 Sept., 1965], No. 38293/65. Heading H2A. A squirrel-cage induction motor is caused to crawl at a speed depending on the number of rotor bars instead of running in accordance with the stator pole-number as is usual, by providing the rotor with a large number of bars, preferably twice the number of stator slots plus the stator pole-number. The machine then runs synchronously as if it had this number of poles, i.e. equal to twice the number of stator slots plus the stator pole-number. The stator may be provided with an alternative higher pole number, e.g. by pole-amplitude modulation. In this case, the use of the alternative polenumber over-rides the reluctance crawling effect and produces normal induction running at this pole-number. Now, if the first, lower pole-number is re-energized, the motor again accelerates to run normally at this speed. Further pole-numbers may be added. The motor is suitable for winches needing three speeds.
Patent GB-839446-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in two speed drive for washing machine
IPC: F16D43/18
Filed: 1957-12-10
Abstract: 839,446. Friction clutches. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Dec. 10, 1957 [Dec. 12, 1956], No. 38331/57. Class 80 (2). [Also in Group VIII] A two-speed clutch drive for a washing- machine (see Group VIII) comprises a driving- shaft 18 fast upon which is a plate 19 carrying friction shoes 22, 23 biased radially inwards by springs 27 and moved outwards by centrifugal force, when the driving-shaft rotates, to engage the inner periphery of an intermediate drum 24 freely rotatable upon the driving-shaft, a plate 34 beneath the intermediate drum being mounted by a bearing 35 upon the driving-shaft, friction in the bearing 35 causing the plate 34 to rotate with the driving-shaft 18 so that centrifugal force acts upon friction shoes 36, 37 to pivot them upon the plate 34 and move their friction surfaces 44, 45 inwards into engagement with the outer periphery of the intermediate drum 24, at the same time friction shoes 38, 39 also pivoting outwards upon the lower plate 34 to engage the inner periphery of a final driven drum 32 which is accordingly directly connected to the driving-shaft. If a solenoid 66 is energized, prior to rotation of the driving-shaft 18, a brake pad 62 is brought into engagement with the periphery of the lower disc 34, which is accordingly held stationary. On rotation of the driving-shaft 18, the clutch shoes 22, 23 drive the intermediate drum 24, as before, and clutch shoes 52, 53 having outwardly-projecting lugs 54 engaging recesses in the final driven drum 32 are biased by springs 60 to engage the outer periphery of the intermediate drum 24. As the speed of rotation of final driven drum 32 increases, centrifugal force acts upon the friction shoes 54, 55 against the bias of the springs 60 to tend to disengage them from the outer periphery of the intermediate drum 24. Ultimately the shoes 54, 55 slip with respect to the intermediate drum 24, and the final driven drum 32 is accordingly driven at a speed less than that of the shaft 18. The shoes 22, 23 are pivoted at their ends 25, 26 upon the carrier plate 19, and are free at their opposite ends. The shoes 36, 37 are formed with integral masses 46, 47 which fly outwards under centrifugal force to move the friction surfaces 44, 45 inwards into engagement with the outer periphery of the intermediate drum 24, and are connected to the shoes 38, 39, which move radially outwards to engage the inner periphery of the final driven drum 32, by springs 48, 49.
Patent GB-994121-A (GB)
Title: Image-orthicon circuit arrangements
IPC: H04N5/228
Filed: 1963-09-30
Abstract: 994,121. Television; cathode-ray tube circuits. FERNSEH G.m.b.H. Sept. 30, 1963 [Sept. 28, 1962], No. 38357/63. Headings H4F and H4T. During the flyback interval of the scanning process of an image - orthicon pick - up tube voltage pulses are applied to an electrode of the pick-up tube such that the beam current is increased to a multiple of its value during the scanning periods, the output signal being clipped during the flyback intervals to yield a noise-free reference level. As shown the camera 1 includes an image-orthicon pickup tube 11, the output signal from which passes to a clipping circuit 12 and then to a preamplifier 13. After further amplification in an intermediate amplifier 21, the signal passes to a clamp circuit 22, which restores the directcurrent component, and then to a blanking amplifier 23 and main amplifier 24. Linefrequency voltage impulses, Fig. 2a, applied to the camera at 32, synchronize a scan generator 14 which controls the horizontal deflection of the electron beam in tube 11 and also produce, during the flyback intervals of the scanning process, a positive-going change in the potential of the control electrode of the electron gun which develops the scanning beam in tube 11. In addition, the impulses synchronize the operation of clamp-drive circuit 33 which developes pulses at appropriate amplitude and polarity to operate the clamp circuit 22. The amplitude of the impulses is chosen so that during the flyback intervals the beam current rises to a multiple, e.g. five times, of its value during the scanning period and the resultant output signal is shown in Fig. 2b. The output signal produced during the flyback interval carries superimposed noise and to obtain an undisturbed reference level the signal is clipped by stage 12 at a potential below the black level as shown by the horizontal broken line in waveform 2b. The clipper stage 12 (Fig. 3, not shown) includes a diode appropriately biased by means of a potential divider. In order that the reference level is maintained at a desired value below the black level, preferably so that the difference in potential between the clipping level and the black level represents a constant percentage of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the picture signal, variable resistors forming part of the potential divider in the clipper stage are coupled for ganged operation so that the voltage applied to an intermediate dynode of the electron multiplier, which effects the gain of the multiplier, and the bias potential for the diode in the clipper stage are controlled simultaneously to bring the output signal voltage to the same amplitude when different pick-up tubes are used. The beam current is also adjusted so that the output current of the pick-up tube which represents black is constant. A further impulse having the same polarity as the picture signals may be developed so that it occurs during the flyback intervals and has an amplitude such that when it is combined with the clipped picture signal the reference level is returned to the picture black level.
Patent GB-1528573-A (GB)
Title: Electric motor control circuits
IPC: H02P7/29
Filed: 1974-09-03
Abstract: 1528573 Control of brushless motors METTOY CO Ltd 22 Sept 1975 [2 Sept 1974] 38417/74 Heading H2J The winding M of a permanent magnet brushless motor is supplied through alternately switched transistors Tr4, Tr5 controlled by a monostable circuit Tr1, Tr2 having a feedback timing circuit C1, VR1 or C2, R6 selectable by a switch S, the feedback signal controlling the minimum period of circuit Tr1, Tr2 and being combined with a timing signal from a reed switch RS whose state is dependent on the rotor position, the arrangement being such that the switching instants of transistors Tr4, Tr5 are delayed with respect to the timing signal by an amount depending on the motor speed. The motor accelerates up to normal speed under the control of the timing signal (Fig. 2A, wherein signal and motor currents are in phase), after which the feedback circuit introduces a delay between these currents at normal speed (Fig. 2B), which delay varies as the speed falls below or rises above this normal speed (Figs. 2C and 2D). The normal motor speed is principally determined by the switch S, with members P1, VB1 providing slight adjustments. Also the circuit operation is such that the motor always starts in the same direction.
Patent GB-320570-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic weighing machines
IPC: G01G1/00
Filed: 1928-12-29
Abstract: 320,570. Guest, J. J. Dec. 29, 1928. Compound-lever apparatus.-In an automatic weighing machine there is included in the direct transmission mechanism between the load to be weighed and the indicator, a pivoted lever 11 having a pair of cylindrical arcs 16, 17 rigid with the lever and coaxial with the fulcrum 14, a strap or tape 10 transmitting force from a previous lever 5 to the arc 16 of smaller radius and a strap or tape 18 transmitting force from the arc 17 of larger radius to a segment 22 rigid with a pendulum lever 20 which is itself in driving connection with the indicator 35. A second pendulum lever 21 and tape 19 may be connected to the arc 17, and the indicator may be operated from both the pendulums. Two separate arcs may be employed instead of a single arc 17 to receive the tapes 18, 19.
Patent GB-1071767-A (GB)
Title: Process for preparing concentrated formald chyde solutions
IPC: C07C45/78
Filed: 1964-09-21
Abstract: Continuous production of a concentrated formaldehyde solution containing 5 to 40% by weight of water and up to 5 moles of formaldehyde per mole of alcohol, by feeding formaldehyde synthesis gas into a system comprising two or more absorption stages in which, except the last, the formaldehyde synthesis gas is countercurrently washed with a circulating water-containing mixture of formaldehyde and an alcohol capable of forming a hemi-formal and having a boiling point above 80 DEG  C. at 1 atmosphere and in the last of which the gas, now largely freed of formaldehyde, is counter-currently washed with water or a dilute alcohol solution; the solution resulting from the absorption in the second or subsequent stages is used in conjunction with part of the solution produced in a preceding stage as washing liquid in the said preceding stage, while make-up alcohol is supplied to the system and part of the solution produced in the first stage which is not re-circulated is discharged from the system as final solution, the respective rate of supply of water, alcohol and formaldehyde vapour to the system and the rate of discharge of the final solution being maintained in such a balance that the final solution contains 5 to 40% by weight of water and not more than 5 moles of formaldehyde per mole of alcohol. The formaldehyde synthesis gas is preferably washed in three absorption stages, the gas which leaves the first stage and which still contains formaldehyde, being washed in the intermediate stage in countercurrent with a circulating dilute solution containing formaldehyde, alcohol and water in substantially constant amounts before passing to the final stage. The preferred alcohols are aliphatic monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alicyclic alcohols and aromatic alcohols.  In particular, propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols, ethylene glycol, glycerol, benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol may be used.
Patent GB-1248393-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the avoidance of air pollution in the manufacture of glass fibre products
Inventor: WARNER FREDERICK EDWARD
IPC: B01D53/34
Filed: 1967-08-21
Abstract: 1,248,393. Scrubbing air. FIBREGLASS Ltd. 23 Oct., 1968 [21 Aug., 1967], No. 38490/67. Heading B1R. Air containing phenolic impurities discharged during the manufacture of glass fibre products is purified before release to atmosphere by upward passage through a scrubbing column comprising at least two stages wherein the air is in countercurrent current contact with a scrubbing liquid such as water, adjacent stages being separated by a liquid-collecting, tray with a central chimney-like opening through which the ascending air passes from a lower to an upper stage, the velocity of the air being increased during passage through the opening, a baffle being arranged above the opening. The baffle receives liquid from the stage above and air deflected by the baffle passes through the liquid as it falls into the collecting tray. As shown the scrubbing column has three stages. Liquid collected in a stage is at least partly recirculated in that stage. Fresh scrubbing liquid is fed to the uppermost stage through line 30 and an equivalent amount of used liquid is withdrawn from the lowest stage through line 31.
Patent GB-923800-A (GB)
Title: Fat-containing product and method of making same
IPC: A23C9/15
Filed: 1960-11-10
Abstract: The fat of foods containing fat and non-fat constituents, e.g of liquid lacteal products, comprises a high melting point fraction and a low melting point fraction, the fractions being kept in their separated and identifable state by the non-fat constituent. Production of such lacteal products entails crystallizing the high m.pt. fraction of the butter fat, preferably that portion having a m.pt. greater than a temperature between the m.pt. and the set point of the butter fat, with the fat in situ, and physical separation, in the liquid, of the high m.pt. fraction, e.g. by homogenizing treatment or by passage through a spray drying nozzle.  Fractionation temperatures are about 24 DEG C.  The lacteal product may initially be separated into its cream and skim milk portions, and the portions blended after fractionation of the fat in the cream portion.  The liquid lacteal product may be dried, e.g. spray dried, the resulting powder being readily wettable.  Specification 753,600 is referred to.