baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent WO-2022045662-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and device for receiving feedback frame in wireless lan system
Inventor: PARK EUNSUNG
IPC: H04B7/0456
Filed: 2021-08-17
Abstract: Proposed are a method and device for receiving a feedback frame in a wireless LAN system. Specifically, a beamformer receives a feedback frame for MIMO beamforming from a beamformee and decodes the feedback frame. The feedback frame includes a first feedback tone for a preset frequency band. When the preset frequency band is the 20 MHz band, the tone index of the first feedback tone is set to [-122, -116:8:-4, -2, 2, 4:8:116, 122] when Ng is 8, and [-122, -116, -108:32:-12, -4, -2, 2, 4, 12:32:108, 116, 122] when Ng is 32. When the preset frequency band is the 40 MHz band, the tone index of the first feedback tone is set to [-244:8:-4, 4:8:244] when Ng is 8, and [-244, -236:32:-12, -4, 4, 12:32:236, 244] when Ng is 32.
Patent WO-2022060016-A1 (WO)
Title: Electronic device for extending operation range of antenna
Inventor: OH CHANHEE
IPC: H01Q7/06
Filed: 2021-09-10
Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to an electronic device for extending an operation range of an antenna. The electronic device may comprise: a foldable housing including a first housing, a second housing, and a hinge module disposed between the first housing and the second housing; a first coil positioned inside the second housing and including n designated turns; a second coil positioned inside the first housing and including m designated turns less than the n, the second coil being connected in series with the first coil; a communication module electrically connected to the first coil and the second coil; and a processor for controlling the communication module. The present invention may further include various other embodiments.
Patent WO-2022092574-A1 (WO)
Inventor: OH JANG KEUN
IPC: B60S3/00
Filed: 2021-09-17
Abstract: La présente invention concerne un dispositif de nettoyage auxiliaire détachable pour aspirateur avec fil destiné à un véhicule, comprenant : un corps principal auquel un aspirateur avec fil à usage domestique peut être relié de façon détachable ; une unité de commande qui est disposée à l'intérieur du corps principal et alimente en énergie l'aspirateur avec fil à usage domestique ; et un dispositif d'amplification de tension qui amplifie la tension de l'énergie fournie à l'aspirateur avec fil à usage domestique en fonction de la commande effectuée par l'unité de commande.
Patent WO-2022065877-A1 (WO)
Inventor: HWANG DO SIK
IPC: G16H50/70
Filed: 2021-09-23
Abstract: Disclosed is a method of predicting a prognosis of a patient with adenocarcinoma using image features. The method of predicting a prognosis according to an embodiment of the present invention includes receiving an image including a lesion region of a patient, preprocessing the received image, segmenting the lesion region in the preprocessed image and calculating at least one of biomarkers indicating an intensity value and a texture information value within the segmented lesion region, and outputting a prognosis prediction value of the patient on the basis of the calculated at least one biomarker.
Patent WO-2022098018-A1 (WO)
Inventor: Quan Xiao Yuan
IPC: C12M1/12
Filed: 2021-11-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 세포 또는 조직에서 분리한 단핵세포를 한랭쇼크로 처리하여 전구세포를 획득하는 방법과 해당 전구세포를 배양하여 엑소좀을 생산하는 것에 관한 것으로, 본 발명의 한랭쇼크 방법은 크기가 균일하고 엑소좀 분비활성이 안정된 인체 유래 전구세포를 획득할 수 있다. 본 발명에 의해 생산된 엑소좀은 고농도로 특정 크기에 밀집되어 분포되어 있고 첨가물없이 직접 접선흐름여과방식을 적용이 가능하며 순도 및 수율을 높여 고농도, 고순도, 고수율의 엑소좀을 대량생산하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
Patent WO-2022131541-A1 (WO)
Title: Acier blindé ayant une dureté élevée et une excellente ténacité à l'impact à basse température, et son procédé de fabrication
Inventor: YU SENG-HO
IPC: C22C38/48
Filed: 2021-11-04
Abstract: La présente invention peut fournir : un acier blindé ayant des caractéristiques de dureté élevée et une excellente ténacité à l'impact à basse température, et étant ainsi apte à fournir une excellente ferroélasticité ; et un procédé de fabrication de l'acier blindé.
Patent WO-2022119232-A1 (WO)
Title: 스마트홈 환경의 무선랜 시스템에서 c2c의 계정 연동을 기반으로 iot 기기를 다중 제어하는 방법 및 장치
Inventor: LEE BYUNGJOO
IPC: H04L9/40
Filed: 2021-11-25
Abstract: 스마트홈 환경의 무선랜 시스템에서 C2C의 계정 연동을 기반으로 IoT 피제어기기를 다중 제어하는 방법 및 장치가 제안된다. 구체적으로, 제1 제어기기는 제1 계정을 기반으로 제1 클라우드와 연결을 수행한다. 제1 제어기기는 제2 제어기기의 피제어기기에 대한 등록 정보를 제1 클라우드와 제2 클라우드의 연결을 기반으로 수신한다. 제1 제어기기는 등록 정보를 기반으로 피제어기기에 대한 등록을 추가한다. 제2 제어기기는 제2 계정을 기반으로 제2 클라우드에 연결된다. 제1 및 제2 계정은 서로 연동된다.
Patent WO-2022139530-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHIN HWA SUP
IPC: A61P19/02
Filed: 2021-12-23
Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, treating or alleviating autoimmune diseases, comprising Lactobacillus sakei-derived extracellular vesicles as an active ingredient. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention directly inhibits CD4 T cell proliferation by promoting the induction of tolDCs from dendritic cells, and promotes the expression of immunosuppressive activity-inducing genes such as DC-SIGN and DCIR, and thus may prevent, treat or alleviate autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Patent WO-2023106509-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KIM HOSAN
IPC: F04D29/44
Filed: 2021-12-24
Abstract: Un capot mobile est divulgué. L'invention divulguée comprend : un ventilateur qui aspire de l'air extérieur, par l'intermédiaire d'orifices d'admission, et évacue, par l'intermédiaire d'orifices de décharge, au moins une partie de l'air qui a été aspiré ; et une partie de guidage d'écoulement qui guide, vers les orifices de décharge, le mouvement de l'air évacué du ventilateur, les orifices d'admission et les orifices d'évacuation étant disposés davantage vers l'avant que le ventilateur et les orifices d'évacuation étant disposés plus loin vers l'extérieur que les orifices d'admission.
Patent WO-2023080337-A1 (WO)
Title: Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
Inventor: SONG HAA NA
IPC: A61K39/00
Filed: 2021-11-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, in which when an immune checkpoint inhibitor is administered in combination with radiation therapy, rather than treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor alone or radiation therapy alone, the therapeutic effect against triple-negative breast cancer is enhanced, and the abscopal effect can be achieved.
Patent WO-2022164081-A1 (WO)
Title: 힌지 구조물 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치
Inventor: HAN YONGHWA
IPC: G06F1/16
Filed: 2022-01-11
Abstract: 전자 장치가 개시된다. 상기 전자 장치는 제1 하우징, 및 제2 하우징; 상기 제1 하우징이 축 방향에 평행한 제1 회전 축 중심으로 회전하고, 상기 제2 하우징이 상기 축 방향에 평행한 제2 회전 축을 중심으로 회전하도록 상기 제1 하우징 및 상기 제2 하우징에 연결된 힌지 구조물; 상기 제1 하우징, 상기 제2 하우징, 및 상기 힌지 구조물을 덮도록 배치되는 디스플레이를 포함하고, 상기 힌지 구조물은, 상기 축 방향에 평행한 방향으로 연장되고 상기 제1 회전 구조물의 회전에 상응하여 회전하는 제1 암축; 상기 축 방향에 평행한 방향으로 연장되고 상기 제2 회전 구조물의 회전에 상응하여 회전하는 제2 암축; 및 상기 제1 암축 및 상기 제2 암축의 회전에 따라 상기 축 방향으로 선형 이동하도록 구성되는 링크 구조물을 포함할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2022177392-A1 (WO)
Inventor: SEONG SEUNG YONG
IPC: A61K39/00
Filed: 2022-02-21
Abstract: The present invention relates to a single domain antibody against CD47 and a use thereof. More specifically, a single domain antibody binding specifically to CD47, which is an immune checkpoint protein, was constructed and identified to have affinity for an immune antigen thereof and an anti-tumor effect, thus finding advantageous applications as an immune checkpoint inhibitor in immunotherapy for cancers.
Patent WO-2022220405-A1 (WO)
Title: Device for monitoring degradation of wastewater from nuclear power plant decontamination, and operation method thereof
Inventor: KIM HAK SOO
IPC: G21F9/00
Filed: 2022-03-04
Abstract: Provided is a device for monitoring degradation of a wastewater from nuclear power plant decontamination. The device for degrading a wastewater from nuclear power plant decontamination may comprise: a UV reactor tank which is connected to a first channel and is for UV-treating a wastewater being input; a wastewater degradation channel for supplying the wastewater, which is discharged from the UV reactor tank, to the first channel; a wastewater degradation detection unit for detecting whether or not a setting condition is satisfied, by analyzing the components of the wastewater being supplied from the wastewater degradation channel; and a purification channel for purifying the wastewater, which is supplied from the UV reactor tank, and supplying same to the first channel, if the setting condition is satisfied.
Patent WO-2023068460-A1 (WO)
Title: Method and apparatus for frequency priority for cell reselection in a wireless communication system
Inventor: LEE OANYONG
IPC: H04W36/32
Filed: 2022-03-08
Abstract: A method and apparatus for frequency priority for cell reselection in a wireless communication system is provided. A wireless device may receive, from a network, a cell reselection configuration associated with a Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) cell. The wireless device may apply the first priority values for the multiple frequencies. The wireless device may determine that the location condition for a specific cell in a specific frequency, among the multiple frequencies, is met. The wireless device may apply a second priority value for the specific frequency.
Patent WO-2022215967-A1 (WO)
Title: Binder for solid electrolyte-based all-solid lithium secondary battery, positive electrode for all-solid lithium secondary battery comprising same, separator for all-solid lithium secondary battery comprising same, and solid electrolyte-based all-solid lithium secondary battery
Inventor: CHOI JANG WOOK
IPC: H01M50/409
Filed: 2022-04-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to: a binder for an all-solid lithium secondary battery, in which a carboxyl group of a mercaptocarboxylic acid is grafted to a butadiene polymer, wherein the molar ratio of the carboxyl group to the butadiene polymer is 0.1-30:100; an electrode composite for an all-solid lithium secondary battery, comprising same; a separator for an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, comprising same; and an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery comprising same. The binder for an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, of the present invention, can simultaneously satisfy the stability, solubility, polarity, and adhesive properties of a binder, and thus an all-solid-state battery can be produced by means of a wet process-based solution process, thereby greatly advancing the commercialization time of all-solid-state batteries.
Patent WO-2022215987-A1 (WO)
Title: Method for manufacturing dental paper point
Inventor: LEE HONG KI
IPC: B31C99/00
Filed: 2022-04-05
Abstract: The present specification relates to a method for manufacturing a paper point and, more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a dental paper point. A method for manufacturing a paper point according to one embodiment of the present specification comprises the steps of: cutting a roll paper, on which a color for standard confirmation, a millimeter line, and a perforated line are printed, into flat pieces of paper of uniform size along the printed perforated line; punching the cut flat pieces of paper using a punch guide unit for fixing the flat pieces of paper and a punch mold unit for punching the flat pieces of paper; and moistening the punched flat pieces of paper with water, rolling same into a round shape, and drying the rolled flat pieces of paper.
Patent WO-2022231326-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispositif de génération d'aérosol
Inventor: LEE JONGSUB
IPC: A24F40/46
Filed: 2022-04-28
Abstract: Un dispositif de génération d'aérosol est divulgué. Le dispositif de génération d'aérosol de l'invention comprend un boîtier supérieur comprenant une première paroi externe allongée pour former un espace interne et une première paroi interne allongée dans l'espace interne pour définir un espace d'insertion ; un boîtier inférieur comprenant une seconde paroi externe accouplée à la première paroi externe du boîtier supérieur et une seconde paroi interne accouplée à la première paroi interne du boîtier supérieur ; un contenant formé par la première paroi externe du boîtier supérieur, la première paroi interne du boîtier supérieur, la seconde paroi externe du boîtier inférieur et la seconde paroi interne du boîtier inférieur, le contenant étant conçu pour stocker un liquide ; une mèche située au niveau du boîtier inférieur, la mèche comprenant une partie reliée à l'intérieur du contenant ; un dispositif de chauffage disposé à proximité de la mèche pour chauffer la mèche ; un premier joint d'étanchéité interposé entre la première paroi interne du boîtier supérieur et la seconde paroi interne du boîtier inférieur ; et un second joint d'étanchéité interposé entre la première paroi externe du boîtier supérieur et la seconde paroi externe du boîtier inférieur.
Patent WO-2023003188-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHO KYOUNG-RAE
IPC: C22C38/26
Filed: 2022-06-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 자동차용 소재로 적합한 강에 관한 것이며, 구체적으로 구멍확장성 및 연성이 우수한 고강도 강판 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 고강도 강판은 미세조직이 경질상과 연질상으로 구성되며, 최적화된 냉간압연 및 소둔 공정에 의해 재결정된 페라이트 기지에 경질상인 마르텐사이트 상이 균일하게 분포하고, 경질상과 연질상 계면에 비평형 페라이트 상을 도입시킴으로써 가공 시 크랙 저항성을 높일 수 있다.
Patent WO-2023167369-A1 (WO)
Inventor: PARK SUNG KYU
IPC: H01L31/0352
Filed: 2022-06-23
Abstract: A phototransistor element and a method for manufacturing same are disclosed. The present invention comprises a quantum dot layer including a first quantum dot, a second quantum dot, and a third quantum dot having different sizes to be able to absorb and detect red light (R), green light (G), and blue light (B) having different wavelengths, respectively, wherein when electrons and holes are generated by light through a heterojunction structure of the quantum dot layer and a semiconductor channel layer of a phototransistor element, the electrons move to the semiconductor channel layer and the holes are trapped in the quantum dot layer to cause a photogating effect and thus generate a current, thereby exhibiting a synaptic memory effect.
Patent WO-2023043017-A1 (WO)
Inventor: KIM DONGHWAN
IPC: G06Q30/06
Filed: 2022-07-03
Abstract: 본 발명은 광고영상을 플레이한 사용자들이 가위바위보 게임을 통해 상품을 획득하는 컴퓨터 프로그램에 관한 것으로, 사용자가 관심을 가지는 상품을 게임을 통해 무료로 획득할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 수 있고, 사용자가 광고영상을 집중적으로 볼 수 있는 유인 요소를 제공할 수 있으며, 광고주가 제공하는 광고비를 빠르게 소진하여 광고효과를 극대화 할 수 있으며, 온라인 상품판매 업체와 협력하여 상품판매량을 증대시켜 광고효과와 상품판매 기회를 동시에 제공할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2023063535-A1 (WO)
Title: Washing machine and method for controlling same
Inventor: CHOI JUNGCHUL
IPC: D06F58/08
Filed: 2022-07-13
Abstract: A washing machine according to a disclosed aspect comprises: a drum; a tub accommodating the drum and configured to store water; a drum motor for providing rotational force to the drum; a water supply device for supplying water to the tub; a hot-air supply device for supplying hot air to the drum; a current sensor for outputting a current signal corresponding to the magnitude of a current applied to the drum motor; and a control unit which performs a washing process while controlling the water supply device and the drum motor, and performs a drying process while controlling the hot-air supply device and the drum motor.
Patent WO-2023008839-A1 (WO)
Inventor: JEON SUNG PHIL
IPC: G06F3/0488
Filed: 2022-07-22
Abstract: The present invention provides a touch screen-based electronic device enabling a hyperlink between electronic documents on the basis of a touch input, and an operation method thereof. Therefore, the present invention can support a user to quickly find necessary information relating to an electronic document by means of a hyperlink configured in the electronic document.
Patent WO-2023068632-A1 (WO)
Title: Diffraction pattern image conversion system and method for interconverting virtual tem sadp image and real tem sadp image by using deep learning
Inventor: JEONG JIN HA
IPC: G06T3/40
Filed: 2022-10-12
Abstract: Disclosed are a diffraction pattern image conversion system and method for interconverting a virtual TEM SADP image and a real TEM SADP image by using deep learning. The diffraction pattern image conversion system comprises: a real diffraction pattern image refinement unit which removes unnecessary information from a real diffraction pattern image; a virtual diffraction pattern generation unit which obtains a virtual diffraction pattern image corresponding to the real diffraction pattern image from which the unnecessary information is removed; and an algorithm training unit which trains an algorithm capable of generating a real-like diffraction pattern from a virtual diffraction pattern by using at least one of the real diffraction pattern image, from which the unnecessary information is removed, and the virtual diffraction pattern image.
Patent WO-2023090746-A1 (WO)
Title: Electrically conductive contact pin and inspection device having same
Inventor: AHN BUM MO
IPC: G01R1/067
Filed: 2022-11-08
Abstract: The present invention provides an electrically conductive contact pin and an inspection device having improved inspection reliability for an inspection object. The electrically conductive contact pin is characterized in that a first connection portion contacts a support portion to form a current path when a first elastic portion is compressed, and a second connection portion contacts the support portion to form a current path when a second elastic portion is compressed. The inspection device comprises an installation member having a through hole for receiving the electrically conductive contact pin.
Patent WO-2023096234-A1 (WO)
Title: Aerosol generating device
Inventor: PARK JUEON
IPC: H05B3/00
Filed: 2022-11-11
Abstract: An aerosol generating device is provided. The aerosol generating device includes: a body comprising an insertion space; a heater assembly having thermal conductivity and configured to heat the insertion space; a first board installed at the body; and a bridge electrically connecting the heater assembly and the first board, wherein a temperature coefficient of resistance of the bridge is lower than a temperature coefficient of resistance of the heater assembly.
Patent WO-2023096324-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispositif de formation pour cellule de batterie
Inventor: BAE HYUN WOO
IPC: H01M50/30
Filed: 2022-11-23
Abstract: Dispositif de formation pour une cellule de batterie selon la présente invention comprenant : un module corps de formation destiné à former une cellule de batterie; un module tampon de chargement conçu de telle sorte que la cellule de batterie est en veille avant d'être placée dans le module corps de formation; un module tampon de déchargement conçu de telle sorte que la cellule de batterie transportée hors du module corps de formation est en veille lorsqu'un processus de formation est terminé; un module de perçage situé sur un côté du module tampon de chargement et formant un trou traversant dans une poche de gaz de la cellule de batterie accueillie dans le module tampon de chargement; et un module de fermeture hermétique situé sur un côté du module tampon de déchargement et fermant hermétiquement le trou traversant formé dans la cellule de batterie accueillie dans le module tampon de déchargement.
Patent WO-2023158149-A1 (WO)
Title: 교통 신호 제어 시스템 및 그에 관한 방법
Inventor: AHN SOON HYUN
IPC: G08G1/07
Filed: 2023-02-08
Abstract: 본 문서에 개시된 일 실시예에 따른 교통 신호 제어 시스템은 차로 영상을 분석하여 검출된 객체 정보에 기반하여 차로와 관련된 제1 템플릿 및 상기 차로의 대응 차로와 관련된 제2 템플릿을 생성하는 템플릿 생성부 및 상기 제1 템플릿 및 상기 제2 템플릿을 인접 배열하여 표시하는 시뮬레이션부를 포함할 수 있다.
Patent WO-2023172011-A1 (WO)
Inventor: YOON SUNG CHEOL
IPC: C08G61/12
Filed: 2023-03-07
Abstract: 본 발명은 신규한 고분자 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 광전소자에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 고분자 화합물은 1000nm 이상의 근적외선 영역의 흡수가 가능하여 근적외선을 이용하는 유기 광검출기 소자에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.
Patent WO-2023191414-A1 (WO)
Inventor: CHOI CHANG YOUNG
IPC: H01M10/54
Filed: 2023-03-27
Abstract: Des modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent un procédé permettant de préparer un matériau de batterie secondaire à partir d'une masse noire　Le procédé permettant de préparer un matériau de batterie secondaire à partir d'une masse noire comprend : une étape de cuisson consistant à cuire une masse noire ; une étape de pré-extraction consistant à dissoudre dans l'eau la masse noire cuite lors de l'étape de cuisson, ce qui permet de la séparer en une solution de lithium et un gâteau ; une première étape de concentration d'évaporation consistant à évaporer et à concentrer la solution de lithium produite dans l'étape de pré-extraction, ce qui permet de préparer un cristal de carbonate de lithium ; une étape de lixiviation consistant à lixivier le gâteau séparé lors de l'étape de pré-extraction ; une première étape de purification consistant à éliminer le cuivre et l'aluminium de la solution de lixiviation produite au moyen de l'étape de lixiviation ; une étape de post-extraction consistant à neutraliser la solution obtenue à partir de la première étape de purification, ce qui permet de la séparer en une solution de lithium et un gâteau (gâteau NCM) comprenant du Ni, du Co et du Mn ; et une étape de transfert consistant à transférer, à une étape de préparation d'hydroxyde de lithium, le cristal de carbonate de lithium produit au moyen de la première étape de concentration d'évaporation et de la solution de lithium séparée au moyen de l'étape de post-extraction.
Patent WO-2024014846-A1 (WO)
Inventor: PARK JOO NAM
IPC: H01M4/139
Filed: 2023-07-11
Abstract: The present application may provide a method for forming a three-dimensional electrode structure for analysis, a hardware device for storing the method, and a system for forming the three-dimensional electrode structure for analysis. The present application may provide a method for effectively forming an electrode structure having excellent match to an actual electrode. In addition, the present application may provide a method for forming an electrode structure that appropriately reflects the type and volume characteristics of the actual electrode. The present application may provide a method for forming the electrode structure described above simply, quickly, and efficiently.
Patent WO-2005085560-A1 (WO)
Title: Maisons/habitations montees par assemblage de pieces en metal et en plastique
Inventor: CORTES DE LA TORRE ERNESTO
IPC: E04C2/22
Filed: 2004-03-03
Abstract: L'invention concerne un système de construction d'habitations au moyen de panneaux de plastique recyclé. Les panneaux permettent de produire des parois, des toits et des sols par assemblage des pièces dont les chants sont pourvus de raccords de type à rainure et à languette. Les panneaux verticaux peuvent adopter une forme courbée et s'adapter aux vides présents dans les fenêtres et les portes. Des pièces renforcées en plastique sont disposées dans les coins sous forme de piliers ou de colonnes également pourvus de raccords de type à rainure et à languette. L'intérieur des parois est renforcé par des tendeurs métalliques. Des connexions électriques sont également embouties dans les panneaux.
Patent WO-2022265487-A1 (WO)
Title: Dispositif auxiliaire pour tests d'instruments électriques de type multipolaire
Inventor: ÁNGELES MARTÍNEZ MELITÓN
IPC: G01R31/327
Filed: 2022-06-06
Abstract: L'invention concerne un dispositif auxiliaire de test d'instruments électriques de type multipolaire comprenant un bloc (DAPRE) et un peigne (DIPSE), configurables de 4 à 36 pôles, avec contacts auxiliaires qui détectent l'insertion du peigne dans le bloc et un mécanisme pour activer le court-circuit de courants de l'équipement primaire et ouvrir les contacts du côté instrument de manière indépendante et sans interruptions, les contacts permettant de réduire la résistance et la puissance thermique dissipée et d'allonger la vie utile, diminuant la friction par déplacement de la dent du peigne. Il comprend un système d'actionnement à auto-blocage, dont la désactivation est assurée au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs détentes, permettant de réaliser l'insertion et l'extraction du peigne en étapes séparées pour produire la séquence de fonctionnement des contacts, évitant ainsi les opérations involontaires et permettant de réaliser les tests de manière fiable.