baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1182745-A (GB)
Title: Method of Measuring the Thickness of a High Resistivity Layer of a Semiconductor Wafer
Inventor: ABE TOSHIO
IPC: G01B11/06
Filed: 1968-01-30
Abstract: 1,182,745. Semi-conductor device manufacture. TOKYO SHIBAURA ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. 30 Jan., 1968 [31 Jan., 1967], No. 4692/68. Heading H1K. The thickness of the high resistivity layer in a wafer consisting of juxtaposed layers of high and low resistivity, the latter produced by diffusion, is measured by deriving a value T obs  of the thickness of the high resistivity layer by an infra-red interference method using a formula based on the assumption that the high-low resistivity interface acts as a semiconductor-metal interface, measuring the total thickness T of the wafer, deriving an experimental equation T h  = T(T obs , T) relating the actual thickness T h  of the high resistivity layer to the measured values and determining T h  by substitution in the equation. The value T to be substituted is measured with an air micrometer and T obs  calculated by substitution of the measured values of wavelength at which peak reflections occur in the equation where n is the refractive index of the semiconductor, # the angle of incidence of the radiation and # m  and # m-l  the wavelengths at which the m th  and (m-l) th  reflection maxima occur. The equation T h  = f(T obs , T) is obtained by subjecting P and N silicon wafers to identical phosphorus prediffusion and diffusion steps of varying duration to obtain N+ diffused layers of varying thickness in the N and P wafers, and for each wafer directly measuring T, determining T n , the measured thickness of the high resistivity layer by subtracting from T the thickness of the N + layer determined by the angular polishing method on the PN+ wafers, and calculating T obs  from the infra-red interference data. The thickness X j  of the diffused layers is plotted against the difference #T between T n  and T obs  to obtain an equation T h  = a + b.T obs -cT which holds for varying values of X j  and irrespective of the diffusion process used. The angular polishing method used may be modified by scanning the angularly polished but unplanted edge of the wafer with a heated wire and measuring the thermoelectric voltage generated between it and the wafer, and measuring the position of the wire microscopically when the voltage reverses at the junction. It is also stated that the thickness may be determined directly on an NN+ wafer by measuring the position of a probe at which the breakdown voltage between it and the angled face changes abruptly as it is moved across the NN+ junction.
Patent GB-1547133-A (GB)
Title: Method of transmitting chrominance carriers and synchronizing pulses to a plurality of remote colour television cameras to be synchronized
IPC: H04N9/475
Filed: 1978-02-06
Abstract: Various signals are combined into a special synchronisation signal and transmitted via a single coaxial line. The combined synchronisation signal includes narrow positive pulses (2H), which represent twice the horizontal frequency. A narrow negative pulse, which acts as a reset pulse (X), is repeated with a frequency of four partial pictures. A colour carrier (F) is superimposed on this mixture of pulses. The complex synchronisation signal is transmitted to the colour television cameras which are to be synchronised externally. All required control signals are derived from this synchronisation signal by the camera. <IMAGE>
Patent GB-373139-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to inclinometers
IPC: E21B47/022
Filed: 1931-02-14
Abstract: 373,139. Borehole clinometers. ANGLO-PERSIAN OIL CO., Ltd. and OTWAY, C. W., Britannic House, Finsbury Circus, London. Feb. 14, 1931, No. 4768. [Class 97 (ii).] An inclinometer intended particularly for use in boreholes comprises a transparent casing containing in the upper part a lamp and in the lower part a quantity of opaque liquid such as mercury, a record of the liquid surface being made on a sheet of light-sensitive paper surrounding the casing when the the lamp is switched on. In the form shown, a tubular casing a closed at the top by a screw-threaded cap b and at the bottom by a massive conical head piece (not shown) is adapted to enclose a framework carrying accumulators e, arranged one above the other on platforms supported by rods f<2>, the transparent casing d clamped between the plates d<3>, d<4> by the rods d<6>, and a clockwork .timing device g mounted on a loop-shaped member d<1> serving as a handle. The transparent casing is partly filled with mercury and supports a lamp d<2> the circuit for which is controlled by the timing mechanism g. The light-sensive paper is applied around the casing d and held in position by a covering of red cloth.
Patent GB-433429-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to metal faced boards
IPC: E04C2/26
Filed: 1935-02-14
Abstract: 433,429. Plywood. VENESTA, Ltd., and LOVE, A., Vintry House, Queen Street Place, Queen Street, London. Feb. 14, 1935, No. 4780. [Class 145 (ii)] [See also Groups VIII and X] A board, which may comprise solid wood or plywood or solid wood faced with plywood, faced on one or both faces with sheet metal, has its edge or edges protected by a metal strip the longitudinal edge or edges of which is or are attached to the inner face or faces of the metal sheet or sheets by soldering. The strip 4, Fig. 1 may be chamfered or the inner face(s) of the metal sheet(s) chamfered, or both, to provide a groove for the solder. A channelled strip may be used, the legs being recessed into the edge of the board. A board faced on one side only, is provided with a channelled strip secured by a screw to the edge or uncovered face of the board, and having one leg recessed into the edge of the load and soldered to the metal facing. In a further modification, Fig. 4, an inner strip 13 is screwed to the board, and the strip 14 is soldered to the facing sheet 2, the strips 13, 14 being sweated together. The inner strip 13 may be in separate pieces recessed into the edge of the board.
Patent GB-121056-A (GB)
Title: Aeroplane Propelling Devices.
Inventor: HYATT NELSON LESLIE
IPC: B64C23/00
Filed: 1918-03-19
Abstract: 121,056. Hyatt, N. L., and Lloyd, H. M. March 19, 1918. Aerial machines without aerostats; propelling.- An aeroplane provided with a number of lifting- propellers arranged above the planes on opposite sides of the machine and rotating in different directions has the propellers driven from a vertical shaft 7 adapted to be clutched to the main motor. This shaft extends through a tubular standard 6 secured to the top of the fuselage and drives through the bevel-gear shown four diagonally radiating shafts 13 arranged in tubes 12 secured to gear casings 16 supported by stays 5. The propeller shafts 18 are driven from the shafts 12 by bevel-gear 15, 17, the wheels 15 on the other pair of shafts engaging the wheels 17 on the opposite sides of the shafts 18 so as to drive that pair of propellers in the opposite direction to the propellers shown. The standard 6 and stays 5 applied to a biplane extend through the upper plane.
Patent GB-414783-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in alloys
IPC: C22C21/02
Filed: 1933-02-16
Abstract: Alloys of aluminium, silicon, and antimony are "modified" by adding sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, preferably in the anhydrous form, to the molten alloy and stirring it into the molten alloy at a temperature within 50 DEG  C. on either side of 1000 DEG  C.  The alloy preferably contains 5-15 per cent silicon and not more than 3 per cent antimony, the treatment of an alloy of aluminium with 7-8 per cent silicon and 0,5-1 per cent antimony being described.  The treated alloys may be used for cast bearings, e.g. as bushes or liners for journal bearings. According to the Provisional Specification the modification may be effected by treatment with the alkali metals or their salts. Specification 305,311, [Class 82 (i)], is referred to.
Patent GB-542431-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in hollow spindle chucks
IPC: B23B31/20
Filed: 1941-04-11
Abstract: 542,431. Chucks. FAIRWEATHER, H. G. C. (National Acme Co.). April 11, 1941, No. 4874. [Class 83 (iii)] Hollow-spindle chucks have the draw-spindle 3 actuated by double toggles 12, 19 with knuckle ends, substantially half the length of the toggles, received in sockets to an extent substantially more than half their diameters, formed in rings 8 and 15 fixed and sliding on the spindle 2 respectively. The ring 15 transmits pressure through washers 22 and cup springs 23 to a flanged nut 14 on the draw-spindle 3. The inner ends of the toggles 12 embrace the ends of the toggles 19 which have mounted between them rollers 21 all mounted on the pins 20. In the open position of the chuck the rings 8, 15 are spaced apart by substantially the diameter of the rollers thus providing a compact construction although the draw-spindle has considerable movement. The chuck is closed by a yoke operated sleeve 24 having wedges 26 that slide in grooves on the rings 8, 15 to engage the rollers and spread the toggles. In the form shown four sets of toggles are provided.
Patent GB-566017-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to buildings
IPC: E04B2/56
Filed: 1943-03-26
Abstract: 566,017. Walls for buildings. MURRAY, W. C. March. 26, 1943, No. 4945. [Class 20 (iv)] A building comprises a number of vertical columns a of natural or artificial stone, or other material, and intermediate rectangular slabs d of like material, the columns and slabs having interengageable recesses and projections enabling the slabs to be hung on the columns. The columns shown are of cruciform crosssection and are provided on both sides of each of their two lateral flanges b with projections c. Outer and inner slabs d, forming a cavity wall, are formed with recesses e for engaging with the projections. The upper edges of the recesses and projections are of hook-like formation. In a modification, rods or tubes extend from the side faces of the ribs f of the columns to provide the projections on which the slabs are hung.
Patent GB-690704-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in colour filters and the method of producing the same
Inventor: COOPER HUBERT DENNIS
IPC: G03C7/00
Filed: 1950-02-27
Abstract: An orange-red colour filter is produced by immersing a hardened gelatine layer in an aqueous solution of a mixture of Crystal Scarlet, Orange II, Naphthol Orange and Rhodamine B.  400 c.c.s. of the solution contains from 1.0 to 1.5 grams of Crystal Scarlet, preferably 1.25 grams, from 1.3 to 1.8 grams of Orange II, preferably 1.55 grams, from 1.0 to 1.5 grams of Naphthol Orange, preferably 1.25 grams, and from 0.15 to 0.35 gram of Rhodamine B, preferably 0.25 gram.  The temperature of the solution during the immersion lies between 55 DEG  and 70 DEG  F., being preferably 62 DEG  F., and the period of immersion is between thirty and sixty seconds, preferably forty-five seconds.  After immersion, the gelatine layer is washed for a period of the order of four minutes in water at between 55 DEG and 70 DEG  F., preferably at 62 DEG  F.  The filter is then dried. Specifications 656,909, [Group XX], 690,702, 690,703, 690,705 and 690,714, [Group XX], are referred to.
Patent GB-822585-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of hollow articles by blowing in a mould
Inventor: WATSON WILFRED HERBERT
IPC: C03B9/33
Filed: 1957-02-14
Abstract: 822,585. Blowing and pressing glassware. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO. Ltd. Nov. 25, 1957 [Feb. 14, 1957], No. 5101/57. Class 56. In making a hollow article having a solid base and a constricted portion between the base and the bowl such as a tumbler or lager glass a charge of viscous material 6 such as glass is subjected to a preliminary blowing action, the charge being suspended over a surface on to which its lower end is allowed to settle as the charge elongates, enclosed in a mould 1 the base of which 4 is movable upwardly and downwardly with respect to the sides, which base may constitute the settling surface, and the .charge is subjected to a final blowing with the base lowered and the base is then raised, after at least partial formation of the bowl of the article to effect a pressing action on the lower end of the charge to form the required solid base, the settling of the bowl material to a substantially rigid state being effected during the final blowing. The blowtube 7 is rotatable as in a Westlake machine. The base 4 is formed with a vertical stem 10 carried in a bearing 9. The lower end of the stem carries or is engaged by a cam follower roller 12 positioned for engagement with a cam plate 13 having a raised portion for raising the mould base. The completed article may be removed from the mould by hinging the halves of the mould apart.
Patent GB-577085-A (GB)
Title: Arrangement for mounting magnets used in conjunction with electron discharge devices
IPC: H01J21/18
Filed: 1944-03-20
Abstract: 577,085. Thermionic valves. JACKSON, D., and PYE, Ltd. March 20, 1944, No. 5124. [Class 39 (i)] A thermionic valve of the magnetron type is provided with an external horseshoe magnet 7, Fig. 3, which moves in slots or grooves 21 on a metal stamping 15, the latter being rotatable about the valve holder 3. The magnet 7 may be locked in position by means of a cam-shaped locking handle 27 and the stamping 15 may be clamped by screws 19, 20 passing through arcuate slots 17, 18 therein. The magnet is secured between two plates 22, 23 by three screws 24, and is provided with a projection, e.g. a screw, Fig. 2 (not shown), which engages a further slot in the stamping 15 to prevent rotation relative thereto. The valve holder 3 is carried by a base member 4 and has one or more upturned lugs 5 which engage in apertures 6 in the anode disc 2 of the valve 1. An inverted cup-shaped cover 8 of non-magnetic material, which may have a tubular extension 14, is inserted into the holder 3 and is secured therein, e.g. by a bayonet fitting, as shown. A ring is fitted within the cover 8 and is retained by a small flange thereon, a spring being provided to press the ring firmly against the anode disc, Fig. 2 (not shown). A modification employing two magnets is described with reference to Fig. 4 (not shown).
Patent GB-562740-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to carding engines
IPC: D01G15/82
Filed: 1943-03-31
Abstract: 562,740. Carding engines. WALSH, D. March 31, 1943, No. 5138. [Classes 120 (i) and 120 (iii)] A carding engine has means for passing a current of air beneath the taker-in 3, card cylinder 2, and doffer 1 from one end of the engine to the other, the space through which the air passes being enclosed by a frame 4 and having transverse baffles 9, 10, 11 extending across the frame from side to side to prevent upward flow of the air to the rotating parts and enabling the air to convey the fly, deposited on the baffles, to the other end of the engine for discharge. As shown, a fan 6 blows air, from the inlet 5, to the taker-in end of the engine where it passes through a screen 7 and partly through an escape opening 8. The baffle 9 is inclined and the baffles 10, 11 covered with reversed portions 9a, 10a which co-operate with the baffles 9, 10 to form passages directed to the opening 8 ; the baffles, and particularly the baffle 11, may be made of thin material which will vibrate when the engine is running and assist the fly deposited on them to fall down. The fly is removed through the opening 8.
Patent GB-700769-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of and means for packaging fusible material
IPC: B65D17/50
Filed: 1951-03-02
Abstract: 700,769. Packaging. CONSTRUCTEX. Ltd., and WOELLWARTH, W. D. May  . [4, 1952 [March 2, 1951], No. 5172/51. Classes 66 and 94 (1). A method of packaging a fusible material comprises pouring the material in molten state into an open top container the wall of which is held inwardly, compressed by detachable means carried by the container and allowing the substance to solidify. The container may comprise a cylindrical metal wall portion 1, with free edges overlapping as at 1a, a removable flanged closure disc 2 fitting into one end thereof and held therein by a detachable band 3 encircling said end and formed with a tongue 5 and a slot 5a for securing together the ends of the band under tension, and a further similar band 4 for encircling and compressing the other end of the container to hold the solidified material in position. A flanged closure disc such as 2 held by a securing band or a paper covering disc, may be provided at the top of the container. The bottom closure may enclose the wall instead of the wall being wrapped round the bottom closure.
Patent GB-395800-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lifting and hauling gear for loading and unloading vehicles
IPC: B60P1/54
Filed: 1932-02-22
Abstract: 395,800. Loading vehicles. WALKER, J. H., 21, Shooter's Hill Road, Blackheath, London. Feb. 22, 1932, No. 5274. [Class 78 (iv).] An overhead boom cableway is supported at one or both ends upon a vehicle so as to extend beyond one end or side of the floor and to permit lifting tackle mounted on the underslung cable of the boom to be traversed longitudinally in different transverse positions. As shown, a boom 23 with a runway cable 24 at either side rests at its ends upon transverse cables carriea by braced frames 3, 7. The frame 7, pivoted at 9, overhangs the rear of the vehicle and is supported in use by cable ties 13. The transverse cable on the frame 7 passes over pulleys and may be raised and lowered, being secured by a cleat 22. A hoisting trolly 40 is traversed on the cablewavs 24 by a hand-chain 34 and an endless cable 30, and the hoisting cable 38 is anchored at 39 and wound upon a drum 43. The vehicle is steadied by rest-bars 45. The rear portion of the vehicle floor may be formed by a flap B which is turned down as shown for loading and may form the support or may be connected to the rest-bars. During travel, the frame 7 is raised to the position shown in broken lines, and the rear transverse cable-way is payed out to lower the end of the boom, while the front end of the boom projects over the cab. In a modification, Fig. 5, the frame bars 7 are provided with elbow joints at 47 and can be folded as shown at 2a, 3a against the action of a spring to bring the gear within the body of a covered van during travel. In another modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), a tail-board and part of the vehicle floor are hinged together and arranged to fold downwardly for loading, and the hinged floorboard may be connected with the lower portion of the member 7 by any suitable gear or link mechanism. In modifications not illustrated, one end of the boom cableway may be supported in use on a frame resting on the ground, while the other end is displaceable laterally on the vehicle ; the hoisting gear may be used for operating the body of a tip wagon ; the framework of the loading gear may support an awning ; the cable ties 13 and the transverse cable-ways may be replaced by rigid members, and a number of transverse rigid members may be provided for supporting the boom at different heights, the members 7 may be telescopic instead of folding and they may be operated by fluid pressure, and the hoisting and traversing gears may be operated bv an electric motor on the boom. The Provisional Specification describes also the use of a girder runway in place of the boom cableway. Specifications 123,569 and 177,864, [both in Class 78 (iv), Loading &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-653171-A (GB)
Title: Musical instrument
IPC: G10H3/20
Filed: 1948-02-23
Abstract: 653,171. Electric carillons; rod vibrators. SCHULMERICH ELECTRONICS, Inc. Feb. 23, 1948, Nos. 5312 and 5313. Convention dates, Jan. 15, 1946. [Classes 13 and 88 (ii)] In an electric carillon, resilient supports 38, Fig. 1, on a base 55 carry, by means of crossbars 37, a base 36 for sounding-rods 35, Fig. 2, each of which is held in the base 36 by a collet 39, Fig. 8, adjusted by means of nuts 34. The rods 35 are tuned to give desired fundamental notes, and grooves 80 and sliding rings (not shown) are used to make each rod give as partials the minor third, fifth and octave above its fundamental and a " hum tone " an octave below, thus simulating the sound of a bell. Each rod has a striker 57, Fig. 4, on a shaft 59 pivoted between the conical points of two screws 61, Fig. 5, and selectively operated by an electromagnet 69, which normally holds the shaft 59 against an adjustable stop 72 until released by the opening of a key 23, Fig. 9. The distance of the striker from the rod 35, and hence the strength of the blow, is controlled by a screw 67 with a locking-nut 68. Each rod is provided with a capacitative pick-up comprising two collector plates 42, 43 adjustable by means of screws 48, Fig. 4, all the collector plates being mounted on a bar 40. The pick-ups feed a pre-amplifier A-A, an amplifier B-B and a loudspeaker 128. A microphone and amplifier combination C-C and a gramophone D-D may be provided. The pre-amplifier A-A contains a humbucking network 111, and the amplification system is arranged to attenuate unwanted low frequencies.
Patent GB-1489660-A (GB)
Title: Photopolymerizable compounds stabilized against premature gelation with copper compounds and thiocarbamates
IPC: C09D11/10
Filed: 1975-02-07
Abstract: 1489660 Stabilized unsaturated esters CONTINENTAL GROUP Inc 7 Feb 1975 [18 March 1974 24 June 1974 6 Jan 1975] 5375/75 Heading C2C [Also in Division C3] Ethylenically unsaturated esters, e.g. pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, are stabilized against gel formation by means of (I) a Cu compound and (II) a thiocarbamate of formula (NH 4 )+ or a cation of a 1-3 valent metal. Each of R, R 1 , R 2  and R 3  are H, C 1-20  alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, C 7-15  alkaryl, amino, sulpho and oxy-substituted alkyl and aryl groups, n = 1-3 and x = 0 or 1. Examples of I are Cu, Cl 2 , CuCl and copper naphthenate. II may be Zn or Ni dibutyldithiocarbamate, sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate or tetraethylthiuram disulphide. Copper dibutyldithiocarbamate may perform the functions of I and II.
Patent GB-859874-A (GB)
Title: Coal-cutting machines
Inventor: LEEK IVAN GEORGE ELMER
IPC: E21C27/24
Filed: 1956-02-21
Abstract: 859,874. Mineral-mining machines. HOLLYBANK ENGINEERING CO. Ltd. April 30, 1957 [Feb. 21, 1956], No. 5385/56. Class 68(1). In a mineral-mining machine pick-armed endless chains or belts 4 are so guided about a jib 2 as to extend, when seen from above, through substantially 90 degrees segments of circles from the front of the jib to a side thereof so that mineral when cut from the face is carried rearwards and sidewards to be discharged by the belts alone at the side of the machine. A drum cutter 6 is provided at the front of the jib which is vertically swingable.
Patent GB-270839-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in induction regulators
IPC: H01F29/12
Filed: 1926-02-25
Abstract: 270,839. English Electric Co., Ltd., and Ayres, W. E. M. Feb. 25, 1926. Drawings to Specification. Regulating transformers.-In voltage regulation arrangements involving an induction regulator with rotor and stator windings in series and a switch for changing over connections of an exciting transformer to the rotor or stator respectively, the switch is interlocked with the rotor so as to make the change in the minimum voltage position. The regulator is in series relationship with the supply. The interlock may take any form, electrical or mechanical, and the switch may control the connections through contactors. The Specification describes an arrangement of split contact rings on the rotor shaft co-operating with fixed brushes and refers also to an alternative arrangement of quick-break switches operated by a quick thread worm on the shaft.