baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent LU-101155-B1 (LU)
Title: Liposomal Paclitaxel Formulation for Treating Bladder Cancer
Inventor: OEFELEIN MICHAEL
IPC: A61K47/24
Filed: 2018-07-19
Granted: 2019-04-25
Abstract: Compositions and methods for making and using liposomal formulations of paclitaxel are disclosed. The liposomal paclitaxel formulations are used with treatment regimens for bladder cancer and both lower and upper tract urothelial cancer. Hence, the formulations are suitable to treat bladder cancers by intravesical administration and to treat urothelial cancers. The formulations according to the invention include paclitaxel, lecithin, cholesterol, threonine, and glucose. (La presente invention concerne des compositions et des precedes de fabrication et d'utilisation de formulations liposomales de paclitaxel. Les formulations liposomales de paclitaxel sont utilisees avec des schemes therapeutiques pour le cancer de la vessie et le cancer des voies urotheliales des voies inferieures et superieures. Par consequent, les formulations sont appropriees pour trailer les cancers de la vessie par administration intravesicale et pour traiter les cancers de I'urothelium. Les formulations selon I'invention comprennent le paclitaxel, la lecithine, le cholesterol, la threonine et le glucose.)
Patent LU-102397-B1 (LU)
Title: Preparation of three-dimensional graphene material and its application in the detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Inventor: WU WEI
IPC: G01N30/00
Filed: 2021-01-11
Granted: 2021-10-25
Abstract: The invention discloses a ZrCh nanoparticles modified three-dimensional graphene material and its application in the detection of organophosphorus pesticides, belonging to the technical field of analytical chemistry. The three-dimensional graphene material modified with ZrCh nanoparticles of this invention is based on a metal mesh, bonded with poly dially Idimethy lammonium chloride enhanced graphene oxide aerogel, and the ZrOa nanoparticles are deposited on the graphene. The surface of the aerogel is constructed with a three-dimensional graphene material. A solid phase extraction column filled with this material can achieve high-efficiency extraction oforganophosphorus pesticides, and then analyze and detect them by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method for detecting organophosphorus pesticides by using the solid phase extraction column of this invention exhibit a wide linear range, low detection limit, and high sensitivity. It can be used for the enrichment detection of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables. It not only has strong matrix anti-interference ability, but also has good enrichment and purification performance and broad application prospects.
Patent LU-102402-B1 (LU)
Title: Preparation method and application for plant enzymes fermenting tibetan kefir
Inventor: WANG HONGWEI
IPC: C12N9/54
Filed: 2021-01-08
Granted: 2021-07-09
Abstract: The present invention relates a preparation method and application for plant enzymes fermenting tibetan kefir that includes the specific steps of activating tibetan kefir, activating lactobacillus acidophilus and streptococcus thermophilus, and taking the fruit ready to be fermented with cutting into pieces, adding crystal sugar and white sugar to adjust sugar acid after enzymatic inactivation, and cooling to room temperature after sterilization, then adding the activated tibetan kefir, lactobacillus acidophilus and streptococcus thermophilus, which are fermented at 30-32°C for 48-96 hours, then transferred to 0-10°C and preserved for 12-24 hours to obtain the enzyme. Based on the background of the industrialization for agricultural product processing and the comprehensive health, the present invention simplifies the three-stage fermentation of traditional enzyme production and utilizes the tibetan kefir mainly containing yeast, lactobacillus, and lactococcus, to synergistically ferment fruit with the streptococcus thermophilus and the lactobacillus acidophilus to produce enzymes, which synergistically promote the fermentation process.
Patent LU-500110-B1 (LU)
Title: Pre-mixed abrasive straight-swirling integrated jet rust removal apparatus
Inventor: Xie huaibei
IPC: B24C7/00
Filed: 2021-04-30
Granted: 2021-11-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of high-pressure water jet rust removal and discloses a pre-mixed abrasive straight-swirling integrated jet rust removal apparatus. A water pump draws water from a water source, the water is mixed with a solid abrasive fully in a mixing cavity, a pressure is regulated to the pressure needed by work, a solid-liquid mixed straight jet flows through a spray head and passes through a center hole and an impeller groove of an impeller part, the form of the jet is turned to a straight-swirling mixed state and the jet is sprayed out through a front nozzle of the spray head, and the jet is diffused by a diffusing section to start rust removal work. The apparatus utilizes pure water and the abrasive to obtain the advantages of being clean and pollution-free while removing rust efficiently.
Patent NO-304191-B1 (NO)
Inventor: JOHANSSON KJELL
IPC: C08B30/12
Filed: 1991-12-10
Abstract: Starch soln. is prepd. by mixing starch-contg. particles with cold water and subjecting to shear forces to break up any agglomerates and maintaining the temp. until the viscosity of the soln. has passed its maximum. The wetting and heating take place before the soln. becomes too viscous to handle. Pref. the temp. of the cold water is 0-35 deg.C.. All the starch particles are wetted within 5 mins.. The starch/water mixt. is subjected to shear forces in a device where it is continuously conducted through a housing contg. a rotator so that any agglomerates or lumps are broken up as the starch particles are wetted. The starch is highly cationised, has a degree of substitution at least 0.07 and the amount of starch is such that the dry content exceeds 2 wt.% during heating. The devices comprising combined mixers and heaters, and starch solns. free of unswelled grains are new.
Patent NO-309940-B1 (NO)
Inventor: GOVONI GABRIELE
IPC: B29C48/18
Filed: 1995-09-20
Abstract: Polymeric compositions based on Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) comprising: (A) from 75 to 95% by weight of an ethylene copolymer with an  alpha -olefin CH2=CHR, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and (B) from 5 to 25% by weight of a copolymer of propylene with ethylene and an  alpha -olefin CH2=CHRI, wherein RI is an alkyl radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Copolymer (B) is characterised by a relatively high insolubility in xylene. The polymeric compositions of the invention are endowed with improved processability and improved mechanical properties with respect to the LLDPE of the conventional type.
Patent NO-316781-B1 (NO)
Inventor: BERG VOLKMAR
IPC: E01C7/14
Filed: 1995-11-06
Abstract: Draining concrete with a porosity of 10-35 vol.%, contains a cement as hydraulic binder (I) and a polymeric binder (II) in the form of an anionic styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymer, together with an aggregate with particle size of 2-32 mm. Also claimed is a method of mfg. the concrete.
Patent NO-315839-B1 (NO)
Inventor: SACHETTO JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: A61K9/00
Filed: 1997-01-20
Abstract: An aqueous foamable composition is provided having a delayed foaming action on expulsion from a pressurized container. The composition comprises a major amount of water, a water-immiscible liquified gas foaming agent, at least one foam-stabilizing and emulsifying surfactant, and a water-soluble polymer. The composition is particularly useful for rectal or vaginal administration of pharmaceuticals.
Patent NO-322994-B1 (NO)
Inventor: ARAMBURU LUIS ANGEL RUANO
IPC: E05B27/00
Filed: 1997-07-09
Abstract: The lock cylinder has a toothed edge key (1). One of the edges (1b) contains a series of protrusions and recesses forming a combination with tumbler pins (14) spring-loaded inside a stator (2) and rotor (3) which form part of the cylinder. A blind recess (7) in the untoothed edge (1a) accommodates a relatively strong compression spring (9) and a security tumbler pin (8) moving between extended and retracted positions. When the correct key is inserted, this pin is radially aligned and in contact with a mating pin (10) in a seat in the stator via the opening (13) in a plate (12) inserted in the rotor. The thickness of the plate is equal to the difference between the radii of the untoothed edge (4) and that (5) of the outside of the rotor. In the lengthwise direction, the position of the pins does not coincide with that of the tumbler pins (14) of the main combination.
Patent AT-510709-B1 (AT)
Title: Vorrichtung zum verhindern von aufstollen für ein steigeisen
IPC: A43C15/06
Filed: 2011-02-04
Granted: 2012-06-15
Abstract: Vorrichtung (1) zum Verhindern von Aufstollen für ein Steigeisen (2), wobei die Vorrichtung (1) am Steigeisen (2) anklebbar ist, wobei die Vorrichtung (1) einen, vorzugsweise schichtförmig angeordneten, Kleber (3) aufweist, wobei der Kleber (3) als Selbstklebeschicht, vorzugsweise als Transferklebeband, ausgeführt ist.
Patent AT-514505-B1 (AT)
Title: Energiespeichersystem
Inventor: RAYMOND SEE
IPC: H01M50/291
Filed: 2014-05-28
Granted: 2018-03-15
Abstract: Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Energiespeichersystem zu entwickeln, welches auf Fahrradakkus basiert und den Anschluss und die Entnahme dieser Fahrradakkus während des Betriebs des Energiespeichersystems gestattet. Erreicht wird dies bei einem derartigen Energiespeichersystem, bestehend aus mehreren Batteriezellen, dadurch, dass die Batteriezellen zu mehreren Fahrradakkus (3) zusammengefasst sind, welche in ein Gehäuse (1) mit passend geformten Aufnahmeschächten (2) eingeführt sind, wodurch über Kontakte ( 4) eine elektrische Verbindung zur Gleichstromseite (6) einer integrierten bidirektionalen Wechselrichter- und Ladegeräteinheit (5) hergestellt wird. Derartige Energiespeichersysteme werden an die Elektroinstallation von Gebäuden oder technischen Einrichtungen für stationäre Anwendungen angeschlossen und werden zur Speicherung von Energie eingesetzt.
Patent AT-511378-B1 (AT)
Title: Hebevorrichtung zum vertikalen anheben von lasten
IPC: B66F3/06
Filed: 2011-05-02
Granted: 2013-11-15
Abstract: Bei einer Hebevorrichtung (1) zum vertikalen Anheben von Lasten, wobei eine Hubsäule (16) von einer Mehrzahl von jeweils gelenkig miteinander verbundenen und in einer vertikalen Hubposition wenigstens teilweise aneinander anliegenden Kettengliedern (2) gebildet ist, wobei die Kettenglieder (2) an einer im wesentlichen parallel zu einer Gelenkachse (3) der gelenkigen Verbindung liegenden Oberfläche eine Profilierung (6) aufweisen, welche mit einem beispielweise mit einem Ritzel oder dgl. versehenen Antrieb (5) zum Anheben und Absenken der Kettenglieder (2) der Hubsäule (16) zusammenwirkt, wobei die Kettenglieder (2) von einer insbesondere im wesentlichen horizontalen Ruheposition in die vertikale Hubposition durch Beaufschlagung durch den Antrieb (5) umlenkbar sind und wobei benachbarte Kettenglieder (2) in der vertikalen Hubposition miteinander verriegelt bzw. verriegelbar sind, ist vorgesehen, dass die Kettenglieder von Spindelelementen (2) gebildet oder mit Spindelelementen versehen sind, welche mit dem Antrieb (5) zusammenwirken, wodurch ein Knicken der von den Kettengliedern (2) in der aufgerichteten bzw. vertikalen Hubposition gebildeten Hubsäule (16) selbst bei außermittigen Beanspruchungen bzw. Lasten in horizontaler Richtung sicher vermieden werden kann.
Patent WO-02081221-B1 (WO)
Inventor: BESON ROBERT
IPC: B44B5/02
Filed: 2002-04-04
Abstract: A magnetic holding (1) device and method of manufacturing same are disclosed. The device has a support structure (10) made of an iron alloy and has a substantially planer bearing surface with at least one magnetic (20) or magnetisable region located therein. Insulating means (30) made of non magnetic material are interposed between said magnetic regions and said support structure to resist magnetic induction of, or leakage to, said support structure.
Patent BG-62559-B1 (BG)
Title: Method for the manufacture of folded products and a product made according to the method
Inventor: MCDONALD GEORGE W
IPC: B31D5/00
Filed: 1994-04-05
Abstract: The method and the product are applied in the paper industry for making postal envelopes, credit cards, as well as in photography and the film industry. By them complete automation of the production process is made with a facility for quick resetting for making the different products. By the method a pre-folded sheet (10) with a fold of articulated  type is moved forward to guiding mechanisms (20), and at least one reinforcement part (22, 24) connected to an external segment of the sheet (10) is connected to each sheet. Sheet (10) is fed in folded form, and its connection with the reinforcement part (22, 24) is effected by a two-component adhesion system, one of its components being applied on the folded sheet (10) and the other one on the reinforcement part, and in addition both components are connected by a polymer connection. The product includes a folded sheet (10) with folding of articulated type, and at least one reinforcement part (22, 24) connected to an external segment of the folded sheet. The product is made with a separate sheathing or sleeve in which the sheet (10) is fitted in a folded position. 10 claims, 30 figures
Patent BR-0200713-B1 (BR)
Inventor: ZAPP GERHARD
IPC: F25J3/04
Filed: 2002-03-08
Abstract: A gas mixture is separated by compressing a starting mixture in a compressor system to a first pressure and feeding one or more product streams into the separation plant. In the event of failure or partial failure of the compressor system, an auxiliary stream with the same composition as either the product stream or starting mixture is compressed to the first pressure and fed into the plant. An Independent claim is included for apparatus for carrying out the above method with pipes (91, 92) for the auxiliary streams fitted with valves which are closed in normal operation but open if the compressor system fails.
Patent BR-PI0317333-B1 (BR)
Title: combinação de um tecido de suporte para um processo de hidro-emaranhamento com um dispositivo de hidro-emaranhamento
Inventor: WIDEN CHRISTIAN B
IPC: D03D15/292
Filed: 2003-12-08
Abstract: "tecido de suporte para um processo de hidro-emaranhamento e método para produzir tal tecido". tecido incorporando filamentos achatados para uso como tecido de suporte na produção de um produto não-tecido por processo de hidro-emaranhamento, e o método de hidro-emaranhamento empregando tal tecido.
Patent BR-9712073-B1 (BR)
Inventor: COREY ELIAS J
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1997-09-17
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic process for the formation of ecteinascidin compounds and related structures, such as the saframycins. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a synthetic route for the formation of ecteinascidin 743 (1),   <IMAGE>   an exceedingly potent and rare marine-derived antitumor agent which is slated for clinical trials. The process of this invention is enantio- and stereocontrolled, convergent and short. Also disclosed are novel process intermediates, useful not only in the total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743, but also other known ecteinascidin compounds, including derivatives and analogs thereof.
Patent CH-698720-B1 (CH)
Title: Verfahren und Montageautomat für die Montage von Halbleiterchips als Flipchip auf einem Substrat.
Inventor: KALTENBACH STEFAN
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2007-02-14
Abstract: Ein Verfahren für die Montage von mit Bumps (1) versehenen Halbleiterchips (2) als Flipchip (13) umfasst die Schrittea)Absetzen des Flipchips in einer Kavität (16; 23), deren Boden durchsichtig ist, wobei die Bumps dem Boden der Kavität zugewandt sind,b)Aufnehmen eines Bildes der Bumps des Flipchips mittels einer Kamera (7), die unterhalb der Kavität angeordnet ist, und Bestimmen der Lage des Flipchips,c)Bewegen des Flipchips zum Substrat (9) und Platzieren des Flipchips auf dem Substrat.
Patent CH-710828-B1 (CH)
Title: Pulverpresse sowie ein Futtergehäuse mit vorzugsweise mehreren für ein Querpressen verschiebbaren Stempeln.
Inventor: DIETMAR W KRAMER
IPC: B30B15/06
Filed: 2015-03-05
Abstract: Eine Pulverpresse ist mit vorzugsweise mehreren für ein Querpressen in einem Futtergehäuse (10) verschiebbaren Stempeln (11) versehen, welche einen Hohlraum einer Matrize in dem Futtergehäuse (10) teilweise begrenzen und durch je ein Verbindungsstück mit einer Pressvorrichtung koppelbar sind. Dem jeweiligen Stempel (11) ist ein einstellbares Positioniermittel für die Festlegung seiner Pressposition zugeordnet, das aus einer quer zur Verschieberichtung des Stempels (11) platzierten Keilanordnung (20) mit einer Anschlagfläche (22) gebildet ist. Diese Keilanordnung (20) umfasst wenigstens einen quer zur Verschieberichtung des Stempels (11) verstellbaren Keil (21) mit der Anschlagfläche (22), welcher in Kontakt mit einer Anschlagfläche (11´´) beim Stempel (11) steht. Mit einer solchen Keilanordnung können zum einen sehr genaue Presspositionen dieser Stempel und zum andern eine äusserst stabile Positionierung der mit hohen Drücken anzupressenden Stempel erzielt werden.
Patent CH-700624-B1 (CH)
Title: Système de serrage radial pour un composant horloger.
Inventor: MARCO VERARDO
IPC: G04B13/02
Filed: 2009-03-17
Abstract: L’invention se rapporte à un composant horloger comportant une ouverture destinée à recevoir un élément de support et comprenant un système de serrage destinée à exercer une contrainte radiale permettant audit composant horloger d’être solidaire dudit élément de support. Selon l’invention, le système de serrage comporte un dispositif de pincement radial comportant une couronne destinée à exercer ladite contrainte radiale et un évidement borgne concentrique espacé de ladite ouverture destiné à autoriser le débattement de ladite couronne. De plus, le système de serrage comporte en outre un dispositif de débattement permettant d’offrir plus de degrés de liberté à ladite couronne par rapport audit élément de support. L’invention concerne le domaine des pièces d’horlogerie.
Patent CS-243411-B1 (CS)
Inventor: BAJGAR MIROSLAV
IPC: B66D1/56
Filed: 1984-12-20
Abstract: Zařízeni, jímž lze přesně nastavovat
zdvih, zejména maximální zdvih kladnice
u podvěenych elektrických kladkostrojů. Zařízení
pro naatevenl výšky zdvihu kladnice
elektrického kladkostroje je podle vynálezu
provedeno tak, še k motorově skříni (1)
elektrického kladkostroje je otočně na čepu
(4) uložena avým vrcholem nerovnoramenná lomené
páka (5), jejíž kratší rameno (9) je
umístěno naproti dotykové kladlčky (3) koncového
vypíneče (2) přeeuvně uspořádaného v podélné
ose elektrického kladkostroje ns jeho
motorové skříni (i) a delší rameno (6) je
svým koncovým dotykem (7) vykloněno na čepu
(4) do výšky zdvihu kladnice (8). Ita motorové
skříni (1) elektrického kladkostroje je
usazen stavěči kolík (10), jímž je podepřeno
delší rameno (6) dvouremenné lomené páky (5).
Patent EE-03178-B1 (EE)
Inventor: JEFFREY A ROBL
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1994-10-31
Abstract: Compounds of the formula <CHEM> wherein X is O or S-(O)t; n is one or two; m is zero or one; Y is CH2, O, or S-(O)t provided that Y is O or S-(O)t only when m is one; and A is <CHEM>  are dual inhibitors of NEP and ACE. Compounds wherein A is <CHEM> are selective ACE inhibitors. Also disclosed are methods of preparation and intermediates.
Patent WO-0108871-B1 (WO)
Title: Procede et dispositif permettant de chauffer les volets de fermeture d'un contenant en carton
Inventor: MAINZ HANS-WILLI
IPC: B31B50/64
Filed: 2000-07-28
Abstract: L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de fermer le fond d'emballages composites composés d'enveloppes pliées, notamment d'emballages de boissons. Le chauffage (activation) du fond de l'emballage composite plié sur un mandrin de la roue à mandrin est effectué par de l'air chaud guidé à travers les orifices de sortie d'air (6, 7) d'une buse chauffante (1). L'invention concerne également un dispositif permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procédé. Pour obtenir un chauffage uniforme de la zone à sceller du fond plié de l'emballage tout utilisant une buse chauffante (1) de conception simple, la buse chauffante (1) a une section transversale rectangulaire correspondant sensiblement à la forme du mandrin et elle présente plusieurs caisses (2, 3, 4) assemblées ainsi qu'un couvercle (5). Pendant le chauffage, la buse chauffante (1) est guidée régulièrement au-dessus de la zone à sceller de l'enveloppe d'emballage (M). Des points de référence (8) facilitent la surveillance de la température optimale d'activation.
Patent ES-2076855-B1 (ES)
Title: Barbacoa multifunciones
Inventor: LOPEZ CANOVAS ANDRES
IPC: A47J37/07
Filed: 1993-01-26
Granted: 1998-07-01
Abstract: COMPLEJO FORMADO POR MATERIALES METALICOS Y AISLANTES TERMICOS DESTINADO AL APROVECHAMIENTO PRODUCIDO POR LA COMBUSTION DE MADERA O CARBON VEGETAL, CON EL FIN DE ASAR O COCER ALIMENTOS, GRATINAR, PRODUCIR AIRE CALIENTE PARA CALEFACCIONAR, MESA CALIENTE PARA MANTENIMIENTO DE ALIMENTOS COCINADOS Y CALENTADOR DE AGUA. TODO ELLO A LA MISMA VEZ APROVECHANDO LA MISMA FUENTE DE CALOR Y EN UN ESPACIO REDUCIDO.
Patent ES-2093552-B1 (ES)
Title: Tapa de facil apertura.
IPC: B65D17/40
Filed: 1995-01-12
Granted: 1997-07-01
Abstract: TAPA DE FACIL APERTURA, QUE PRESENTA UN CUERPO DE MATERIAL PLASTICO, QUE DEFINE UNA CONFIGURACION ANULAR EXTERIOR, QUE SE PROLONGA POR EL LATERAL INTERIOR EN UNA PORCION PERIFERICA DE ESCASO ESPESOR, SOLIDARIA A UNA CONFIGURACION ANULAR INTERIOR, QUE PRESENTA EN UN PUNTO DE SU PERIFERIA UN REFUERZO DEL QUE EMERGE UNA ANILLA; PRESENTANDO LA TAPA UN SEGUNDO CUERPO, COMPUESTO POR UNA LAMINA TRANSPARENTE DE MATERIAL PLASTICO, QUE SE UNE, PREFERENTEMENTE POR ULTRASONIDOS, SOBRE LA SUPERFICIE INFERIOR DE LA CONFIGURACION ANULAR INTERIOR, CERRANDO EL HUECO INTERIOR DE LA MISMA. ESTA TAPA SE UTILIZA PREFERENTEMENTE PARA FIJARSE SOBRE LA BOCA DE RECIPIENTES METALICOS, REALIZANDO EL CIERRE DE LOS MISMOS.
Patent ES-2125757-B1 (ES)
Title: Alicates.
Inventor: FLAVIGNY JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: B25B7/12
Filed: 1995-05-19
Granted: 1999-11-16
Abstract: Alicates. Comprenden un equipo fijo (2, 3) de forma general alargada que forma en un extremo una empuñadura fija (4) y en el otro extremo una mordaza fija (3); un equipo móvil (6, 8) que comprende por una parte una mordaza móvil (6) articulado sobre la mordaza fija, y por otra parte una palanca de accionamiento (8) uno de cuyos extremos (9) está articulado sobre la mordaza móvil y cuyo otro extremo forma una empuñadura móvil (11); y un mecanismo de articulación (18) que comprende una biela (12) articulado entre un punto intermedio de la palanca (8) y un punto de apoyo (14) regulable a lo largo de la empuñadura fija (4). La palanca de accionamiento (8) cruza la recta (D1) que une al eje (7) de articulación de la mordaza móvil (6) con el punto de apoyo (14) de la biela (12), y la empuñadura fija (4) se extiende sensiblemente siguiendo la recta (D2) que une al eje (9) con el punto (14).
Patent ES-2129290-B1 (ES)
Title: Lapiz mecanico.
Inventor: SHUHEI KAGEYAMA
IPC: B43K21/16
Filed: 1995-08-24
Granted: 1999-12-16
Abstract: Lápiz mecánico. Un lápiz mecánico tiene un manguito delantero, un capuchón montado de modo rotativo y desprendible en el extremo trasero del manguito delantero, y un mecanismo de avance de la mina contenido en el manguito delantero. El lápiz mecánico evita la rotura de la mina y tiene costes de fabricación bajos. El mecanismo de leva rotativa, que hace avanzar la mina, tiene una leva rotativa y un manguito con leva empujado para que apoye sobre la leva rotativa. Un diámetro interior del extremo delantero del manguito con leva es mayor que un diámetro exterior del extremo trasero del mecanismo de avance de la mina de manera que exista un huelgo en sentido radial. Un diámetro interior del extremo trasero del mecanismo de avance de la mina es mayor que el diámetro exterior de una mina para que exista también un huelgo entre ambos. Debido a estos huelgos, si se cae el lápiz, la mina no se rompe a causa de la distorsión del mecanismo de avance de la mina.