baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20180117142-A (KR)
Title: 폴리머의 제조 방법 및 라디칼 중합의 개시기 함유 화합물
Inventor: SHIMANAKA HIROYUKI
IPC: C08F220/28
Filed: 2017-02-22
Abstract: 본 발명은 라디칼 중합 개시제나 리빙 라디칼 중합에 사용하는 특수한 재료를 사용하지 않고, 시판되어 있는 재료이며, 엄밀한 중합 조건을 필요로 하지 않고, 분자량이나 분자량 분포를 제어한 폴리머나, 구조가 복잡한 폴리머를 목적으로 하는 것으로 제어한 폴리머를 얻는 것을 가능하게 한 새로운 제조 기술, 해당 기술에 사용하는 라디칼 중합의 개시기 함유 화합물의 제공한다. 
(1) 라디칼 중합성 모노머와, (2) 해당 모노머의 중합 개시기로서 기능하는 일반식 1 및/또는 일반식 2로 표시되는 구조의 기(식 중의 X는 Cl 또는 Br)가 분자 내에 1개 이상 도입되어 있는 유기 화합물과, (3) 요오드 이온 함유 화합물을 혼합 및 가온함으로써, 상기 구조의 기로부터, 정지 반응을 수반하는 라디칼 중합이 시작되는 중합 공정을 갖는 폴리머의 제조 방법, 해당 방법에 사용하는 상기 (2)의 유기 화합물이다.
Patent KR-20180126495-A (KR)
Title: 용융 알루미늄 도금 강선의 제조 방법
Inventor: MIONO TADAAKI
IPC: C23C2/12
Filed: 2017-03-30
Abstract: 강선(2)을 용융 알루미늄 도금욕(1)에 침지시킨 후, 용융 알루미늄 도금욕(1)으로부터 끌어 올려진 용융 알루미늄 도금 강선(3)과 용융 알루미늄 도금욕(1)의 욕면(10)의 경계부에서 안정화 부재(11)를 용융 알루미늄 도금욕(1)의 욕면(10) 및 용융 알루미늄 도금 강선(3)과 접촉시키고, 용융 알루미늄 도금 강선(3)을 통해서 안정화 부재(11)와 대향하는 위치에 불활성 가스를 분사하기 위한 노즐(12)을 설치하고, 노즐(12)의 선단(12a)으로부터 상기 경계부에 불활성 가스를 0.1∼20㎪의 압력으로 분사하는 용융 알루미늄 도금 강선의 제조 방법,
Patent KR-20180120220-A (KR)
Title: 난소암을 특이적으로 표적하는 생분해성 양친성 폴리머, 이로부터 제조된 폴리머 배시클 및 용도
Inventor: YUAN JIANDONG
IPC: C08G64/42
Filed: 2017-03-03
Abstract: 난소암을 특이 표적하는 생분해성 양친성 폴리머와 이로부터 제조된 폴리머 배시클 및 그 용도를 제공한다. 상기 생분해성 양친성 폴리머는 표적 분자에 결합되는 디티오카보네이트(dithiocarbonate) 모노머가 함유된 폴리머로 만들어진다. 상기 생분해성 양친성 폴리머로 제조된 폴리머 베시클은 외부 가교제 없이 스스로 가교할 수 있으며, 결합은 환원 민감성을 가지고 따라서 약물 제어 방출 시스템 (drug controlled release system)에 사용될 수 있으며, 나노 약물의 임상 적용에 유리하다.
Patent KR-20180121594-A (KR)
Title: 생체 인증 보안을 위한 청색 광 조정
Inventor: KAEHLER ADRIAN
IPC: G06F21/32
Filed: 2017-03-03
Abstract: 웨어러블 디스플레이 시스템으로 청색 광 조정을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들이 제공된다.  청색 광을 조정을 위한 시스템들 및 방법들의 실시예들은 조정된 청색 광의 레벨에 노출된 눈의 눈 이미지를 수신하는 것; 제1 이미지와 수신된 눈 이미지의 비교에 의해 동공 응답의 변화를 검출하는 것; 동공 응답이 인간 개인의 생체 인증 특성에 대응하는 것을 결정하는 것; 및 동공 응답 결정에 기반하여 생체 인증 애플리케이션에 대한 액세스를 허용하는 것을 포함할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20180133427-A (KR)
Title: 경질 표면의 세정 방법, 및 상기 방법에 유용한 제형
Inventor: BAUER FREDERIC
IPC: C11D3/33
Filed: 2017-04-10
Abstract: 경질 표면의 세정 방법으로서, 하기를 포함하는 제형에 기반한 포말을 사용하여 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 경질 표면의 세정 방법: 
(A)
아미노카르복실산의 알칼리 금속 염, 및 시트르산, 글루콘산, 타르타르산 및 락트산의 알칼리 금속 염으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나의 착화제, 
(B)
적어도 하나의 하기 일반식 (I) 의 비-이온성 계면활성제: 
(G) x -OR 1                      (I) 
(C)
적어도 하나의 음이온성 계면활성제, 
(D)
적어도 하나의 쯔비터이온성 계면활성제 
(식 중: 
R 1  은 C 8 -C 18 -알킬 (직쇄 또는 분지형) 로부터 선택되고, 
x 는 1.1 내지 4 의 범위이고, 
G 는 4 내지 6 개의 탄소 원자를 갖는 단당류로부터 선택됨).
Patent KR-20180126051-A (KR)
Title: 호닝 툴 및 호닝 머신을 사용하여 원통형 보어를 원추화하도록 설계되고 배치된 회전 대칭의 비-원통형 보어를 생성하기 위한 방법
Inventor: LITTY KLAUS
IPC: B24B33/08
Filed: 2017-03-29
Abstract: 원추형 보어를 호닝하는 방법이 제안되었다.
Patent KR-20180120818-A (KR)
Title: 정보 송신 방법, 기기 및 시스템
Inventor: ZENG QINGHAI
IPC: H04W24/10
Filed: 2014-10-20
Abstract: 본 발명의 실시예는 정보 송신 방법, 기기 및 시스템을 제공한다. 상기 정보 송신 방법은, 사용자 장비(UE)가, 상기 UE가 위치하는 커버리지 영역의 유형을 결정하는 단계 - 상기 커버리지 영역의 유형은 제1 커버리지 영역 또는 제2 커버리지 영역임 -; 및 상기 UE가, 상기 UE가 위치하는 커버리지 영역의 유형에 따라 대응하는 빔을 사용하여, 상기 네트워크 기기에 의해 전송되는 브로드캐스트 정보를 수신하는 단계를 포함한다. 따라서, UE가 상이한 커버리지 영역에서 커버되는 경우, 네트워크 기기에 의해 전송되는 브로드캐스트 정보를 수신할 수 있으며, 이는 UE와 네트워크 기기 사이의 정상적인 통신을 보장한다.
Patent KR-20180123580-A (KR)
Title: 감소된 열전도율을 갖는 흡착식 가스 분리기
Inventor: BOULET ANDRE
IPC: B01D53/04
Filed: 2017-03-31
Abstract: 흡착식 가스 분리기는 복수의 유체 통로를 갖는 적어도 하나의 고정자를 포함하고, 복수의 유체 통로 사이의 열전도율이 임계 열전도율 보다 낮아, 고정자를 가로지르는 열전달이 감소한다.  흡착식 가스 분리기의 고정자는 낮은 열전도율을 갖는 포트 어셈블리 및 열과 유체 흐름을 밀봉하는 부유 시일을 사용할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20190013751-A (KR)
Title: 난연성 편광판 및 이것을 사용한 액정 표시 장치
Inventor: TAKEICHI Yoshitaka
IPC: G02B5/30
Filed: 2017-05-26
Abstract: (메트)아크릴로일기를 1 개 이상 갖는 할로겐 불함유 난연제 혹은 (메트)아크릴로일기를 갖지 않는 할로겐 불함유 난연제를 5 ∼ 80 질량％ 와, 할로겐 불함유로서 난연성을 나타내지 않는 (메트)아크릴레이트 화합물을 포함하는 수지 조성물의 경화물, 또는 (메트)아크릴로일기를 1 개 이상 갖는 할로겐 불함유 난연제를 10 ∼ 99.9 질량％ 포함하는 수지 조성물의 경화물을 포함하는 0.1 ∼ 100 ㎛ 의 두께를 갖는 난연성층과 편광 소자를 포함하는 난연성 편광판.
Patent KR-20190009330-A (KR)
Title: Pet-영상화 면역조정제
Inventor: DONNELLY DAVID J
IPC: A61K51/08
Filed: 2017-05-17
Abstract: 본 발명은 체내의 다양한 과정을 영상화하기 위한, 질환 병리상태와 연관된 분자의 위치를 검출하기 위한, 및 질환 진행을 모니터링하기 위한  18 F-표지된 밀라분자의 합성 및 용도에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20200089525-A (KR)
Inventor: SUNG KI SUB
IPC: F16L21/06
Filed: 2019-01-17
Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides a clamp for a pipe. The clamp for a pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first body unit having a first indent unit formed in a circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface, into which an end portion of one side of a flange is inserted; a second body unit having a second indent unit formed in a circumferential direction on the inner circumferential surface, into which an end portion of the other side of the flange is inserted and having one end portion coupled to the first body unit to be able to rotate and the other end portion separably coupled to the first body unit to form a ring shape; a first coupling unit having a male screw form in which first screw threads are formed along the outer circumferential surface, and having one end portion hinge-coupled to the first body unit and the other end portion in which a cylindrical head portion is formed; a second coupling unit having a female screw form in which second screw threads are formed along an inner circumferential surface and screw-coupled to the first coupling unit with the other end portion of the second body unit disposed therebetween; a first hooking recess formed to be indented on one of the outer circumferential surface of the head portion and the inner circumferential surface of the second coupling unit; a holding recess formed to be indented at a position corresponding to the first hooking recess on the remaining one of the outer circumferential surface of the head portion and the inner circumferential surface of the second coupling unit; and an elastic fixation unit formed of an elastic body, inserted into the holding recess such that at least one portion is exposed out of the holding recess, and having one end portion caught in the first hooking recess to fixate the first coupling unit and the second coupling unit as the first coupling unit is inserted in the second coupling unit and moved. The present invention can couple two adjacent flanges easily and firmly.
Patent KR-20190010687-A (KR)
Title: Paddy field working machine
Inventor: FUJITA YOSHIHISA
IPC: A01C15/00
Filed: 2019-01-18
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to simplify the configuration by having a seeding device and a fertilizing device arranged in front and rear parts of an operation unit, and to perform seeding smoothly in a state in which the spreading of seeds in the lateral direction is suppressed even when performing hill seeding. The operation unit (A) is connected to the rear portion of a running vehicle and the operation unit is provided in a state in which the seeding device (9) and the fertilizing device (10) are arranged in front and rear parts.
Patent KR-20190104873-A (KR)
Title: Scheduler, substrate processing apparatus, and substrate conveyance method
Inventor: NONOBE KOJI
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2019-01-23
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to cut the calculated amount and calculation time for a substrate transfer schedule. The present invention provides a scheduler, which is embedded in a control unit of a substrate processing apparatus, comprising: a plurality of substrate processing units performing processing of a substrate; a transfer unit transferring the substrate; and a control unit controlling the transfer unit and the substrate processing unit, and calculates a substrate transfer schedule. The scheduler comprises: a modeling part modeling processing conditions, processing time and restriction conditions of the substrate processing apparatus to a node and an edge by using a graph and network theory, writing a graph and a network, and calculating the longest path length of the node; and a calculation part calculating the substrate transfer schedule based on the longest path length.
Patent KR-20190090719-A (KR)
Title: Vertebral body access cannula with enhanced bending stiffness
Inventor: CALIN DRUMA
IPC: A61M25/10
Filed: 2019-01-24
Abstract: A kyphoplasty cannula includes a shaft extending between opposite first and second end surfaces. The shaft has an inner surface defining a lumen. The shaft has a first opening which extends through the first end surface and a second opening which extends through the second end surface. A scoop extends from the second end surface. The scoop has an arcuate inner surface which is continuous with the inner surface of the shaft an opposite outer surface. The scoop has a rib. Kits and methods of use are disclosed.
Patent KR-20200092744-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for detecting abnormal branch based on machine learning and method therefor
Inventor: PAEK YUN HEUNG
IPC: G06T1/20
Filed: 2019-01-25
Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for detecting an abnormal branch based on machine learning and a method thereof. The apparatus for detecting an abnormal branch comprises: an input generation unit which generates an input vector of a machine learning model based on a branch destination address extracted from execution flow information received from a central processing unit; and a model calculation unit which inputs the input vector to the machine learning model and generates an interrupt signal when an abnormal branch is detected by the machine learning model.
Patent KR-20200094939-A (KR)
Inventor: KWON O SUNG
IPC: G02C13/00
Filed: 2019-01-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to prefabricated glasses. The prefabricated glasses according to the present invention is to assemble an upper eyeglass frame which is directly coupled to temples and a lens assembly frame which is directly coupled to a lens. According to the present invention, since design and color of the glasses can be diversified, various design needs of consumers can be satisfied. In addition, the prefabricated glasses of the present invention can be easily assembled and fixed without a separate coupling member, so that the design of the lens or the eyeglass frame can be easily replaced.
Patent KR-20200101537-A (KR)
Inventor: HYOSUB LEE
IPC: G06Q50/10
Filed: 2019-02-01
Abstract: The method comprises the following steps of: providing a message interface to a user terminal, processing messages transmitted and received through the message interface, and extracting and analyzing text information and opinion expression image item information included in message box information; extracting and analyzing user profile picture information, gender information, and state notification information included in the user information; deriving an element to be input to a learning engine from the information extracted and analyzed from the message box information and the user information; analyzing an initial feedback item model by repeatedly learning the element-derived information through a machine learning algorithm; creating a feedback item suitable for conversation context based on the analyzed initial feedback item model to recommend the same to a user; and analyzing the accuracy of the recommended feedback item, and differentially expressing the feedback item including a calculated result value to recommend the same to the user. According to an embodiment of the present invention, various types of feedback items are recommended by considering conversation situations and context to have an effect of ensuring that the feedback items are appropriately recommended by considering the conversation situations and context compared to a known algorithm that performs automatic recommendation through simple keyword matching.
Patent KR-20200095817-A (KR)
Title: Bicycle wheel
Inventor: PARK SONG HYUN
IPC: B60C23/00
Filed: 2019-02-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a bicycle wheel including: a wheel body that forms the wheel of a bicycle; and a heating unit that is installed on the wheel body to generate heat. The outside of the wheel body has a bumpy shape, and the heating unit is installed on the outside of the wheel body. The present invention can prevent accidents on an icy road.
Patent KR-20190106722-A (KR)
Title: Nanovesicles derived from Collinsella bacteria and Use thereof
Inventor: YOON KEUN KIM
IPC: A23L33/135
Filed: 2019-03-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to vesicles derived from a bacterial strain of the genus Collinsella and uses thereof. The present inventors have experimentally confirmed that compared to a normal person, the vesicles have been significantly reduced in clinical samples of patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer′s disease, and that when administered with the vesicles isolated from the bacterial strain, the secretion of inflammatory mediators due to pathogenic vesicles, such as E. coli-derived vesicles, is significantly suppressed. Accordingly, the vesicles derived from a bacterial strain of the genus Collinsella according to the present invention can be beneficially used for the purpose of developing methods for diagnosing gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, COPD, diabetes, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer′s disease, and compositions for preventing, treating, or alleviating the aforementioned diseases or inflammatory diseases accompanied with immune system dysfunctions.
Patent KR-20200107643-A (KR)
Title: Supporting device for bus bar having voltage detecting function
Inventor: WON JOON CHOI
IPC: H02B1/20
Filed: 2019-03-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to a bus bar supporting device. The bus bar supporting device comprises: a main body coupled to a bus bar to support the bus bar; a conductive terminal unit formed at one end of the main body and electrically connected to the bus bar; a resistance unit provided in the main body, electrically connected to the terminal unit and being a resistance body; and a voltage output terminal installed to be exposed to an external side of the main body, electrically connected to the resistance unit, and connected to a terminal of a voltage measuring device. According to the present invention, by configuring a circuit using a resistor instead of a capacitor, it is possible to measure a voltage or detect a live wire in both alternating current and direct current power systems.
Patent KR-20200116179-A (KR)
Title: Computer readable recording medium storing a program for integrated managment of multi-company using block chain, artificial intelligence, and big data
Inventor: JANG DU HYEON
IPC: G06Q40/00
Filed: 2019-03-11
Abstract: The present invention relates to a computer readable recording medium on which a multi-company integrated business management program using blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI) and big data is recorded. The objective of the present invention is to provide a blockchain system for solving problems such as incorrect remittances that may occur due to mistakes or errors during payment, an AI system for predicting even the potential future so that a corporate manager can make a business decision in real time, and a big data system for multi-company integrated RoR business management including the past, present and even potential future to solve the confusion in business decision making that occurs when the manager operates multiple companies.
Patent KR-20190108073-A (KR)
Title: Optical device including stack of optical layers with functional treatment
Inventor: ZIEBA JAROSLAW
IPC: G02B1/04
Filed: 2019-03-12
Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate and a stack of layers including metal oxides. Another optical device includes a stack of layers including metal oxides and a surface treating agent. A method of making an optical device is also disclosed.
Patent KR-20200109839-A (KR)
Inventor: OH SUNGJO
IPC: G10L15/22
Filed: 2019-03-14
Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable recording medium in which speech recognition program is recorded comprises the steps of: receiving a voice signal of a speaker from a terminal device; obtaining speech data according to analysis of the speech signal; and automatically recognizing and processing the speech data while a speech end timer window is continuing to convert and output text information. The speech end timer window is adaptively variable according to at least one of value information of the speech data detected according to the analysis of the speech signal, classification information of the speech data, and disfluency information of the speech data.
Patent KR-20200115810-A (KR)
Title: Shift control method for vehicle
Inventor: CHO SUNG HYUN
IPC: F16H61/688
Filed: 2019-03-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a shift control method for a vehicle, which comprises: a timer A starting step of allowing, when a power-on down shift starts, a controller to initialize and start a timer A; a sudden return shift determination step of allowing, while the time of the timer A is below a certain first reference time, the controller to determine whether a sudden return shift occurs to perform the shift started before in the other way around; a counter increasing step of allowing, when the controller determines that the sudden return shift has occurred, the controller to increase the counter by one; a timer B increasing step of allowing, when the controller increases the counter, a timer B to be increased; a repeated determination step of allowing, after the controller increased the counter and the timer B, the controller to determine whether the power-on down shift occurs again or not; and a shift delay step of allowing, when the power-on down shift occurs again, the controller to perform the timer A starting step, and if the power-on down shift does not occur again, the controller to delay the power-on down shift when the counter is a certain reference value or higher while the time of the timer B is below a certain second reference time. The shift control method for a vehicle is able to prevent an excessive temperature rise in the clutch.
Patent KR-20200116314-A (KR)
Title: Putty and method of construction using the same
Inventor: SHIN JEONG EUN
IPC: C09D7/63
Filed: 2019-04-01
Abstract: Disclosed is an organic-inorganic hybrid putty including a main unit, a hardener unit, and a filler unit in a weight ratio of 2 to 3 : 1 : 3 to 4, and a construction method using the same. The present invention improves durability and adhesion.
Patent KR-20200119579-A (KR)
Title: Seperator for super capacitor, manufacturing method thereof and super capacitor comprising the same
Inventor: PARK BYUNG JUN
IPC: H01G11/58
Filed: 2019-04-10
Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator for a supercapacitor, a manufacturing method thereof and the supercapacitor comprising the same. In one embodiment, the separator for a supercapacitor includes: a substrate; and a lithium metal oxide layer formed on at least a portion of the substrate and comprising a lithium metal oxide represented by chemical formula 1. The present invention provides the separator for the supercapacitor which has excellent stability when doped with lithium and can precisely control the amount of lithium doping.
Patent KR-20200122064-A (KR)
Title: Error correction circuit and memory controller having the same
Inventor: KIM DAE SUNG
IPC: H03M13/11
Filed: 2019-04-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to an error correction decoder and a memory controller including the same. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the memory controller comprises: an error correction encoder for generating a codeword by performing error correction encoding by using a parity check matrix composed of sub-matrices; and an error correction decoder for performing, when decoding error correction for a read vector corresponding to the codeword, error correction decoding in units of column layers while sequentially selecting column layers of the parity check matrix used for the error correction encoding. The rows included in the parity check matrix are grouped into a plurality of row groups, and each of the row groups may include at most one cyclic permutation matrix for each column layer.
Patent KR-20190044040-A (KR)
Title: Dynamic currency conversion transaction
Inventor: SHARMA SUNIL
IPC: G06Q20/04
Filed: 2019-04-18
Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for performing a payment device transaction between a payment terminal holder and a merchant, which is executed by a computer. The method for performing a payment device transaction between a payment terminal holder and a merchant comprises the steps of obtaining a transaction volume of the transaction in a merchant currency and then obtaining an issuer currency from data represented on the payment device using various direct or indirect techniques. If the issuer currency is detected but not identical to the merchant currency, the transaction amount is converted into the issuer currency using a currency exchange source. If no data can be extracted from the payment device, the corresponding amounts of money with a certain range of currencies for the transaction amount is obtained and displayed so that a user can select the amounts. For each currency, a graphic is displayed which uniquely identifies each currency. The transaction currency is then selected and the transaction is terminated.
Patent KR-20200125103-A (KR)
Title: Safety device for belt conveyor
Inventor: KIM YOUNG SIK
IPC: B65G45/10
Filed: 2019-04-26
Abstract: The present invention relates to a safety apparatus for a belt conveyor, which includes: a pair of pulley parts; a belt part wound on the pulley parts to be moved in a caterpillar method; a support part arranged between the pulley parts; a power supply part mounted on the support part to be rotatable and supplying power while being rotated in contact with an inner side of the belt part; and a ramp part mounted on the support part, connected to the power supply part, and lit by the power supplied from the power supply part, thereby controlling surrounding brightness and preventing accidents of workers.
Patent KR-20200126619-A (KR)
Inventor: HA TAE JIN
IPC: H02S50/00
Filed: 2019-04-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a smart grid monitoring method for a heat pump cooling and heating system using a building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal technology. According to the present invention, the smart grid monitoring method comprises the steps of: collecting existing power generation amount data; extracting maximum power generation amount data and average power generation amount data; predicting a power generation amount for each time slot; collecting existing demand data; extracting maximum demand data and average demand data; and predicting demand for each time slot. According to the present invention, electricity supply in a building can be effectively managed.
Patent KR-20200126696-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SE KYU
IPC: A41D31/04
Filed: 2019-04-30
Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing graphene-coated carbon fiber clothes having a heating function, and capable of being easily washed and being used as regular clothes. More specifically, in the method for manufacturing graphene-coated carbon fiber clothes having a heating function, which comprise graphene-coated carbon fibers disposed on a back portion and a pocket portion of the clothes, a battery disposed in an inner pocket of the clothes and supplying power, and a connector connecting the battery and a heating textile to supply the power and designated to be separated from the graphene-coated carbon fibers, the graphene-coated carbon fibers are manufactured by the following steps: preparing a carbon fiber layer including a plurality of carbon fibers; uniformly distributing the density of the plurality of carbon fibers to mix and coat graphene on the carbon fibers to increase electric conductivity and heating properties; and impregnating the graphene-coated carbon fiber layer with an adhesive with a specific resistance less than that of the graphene-coated carbon fiber layer and greater than that of the metal electrode to attach the metal electrode to the graphene-coated carbon fiber layer.