baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-592919-A (GB)
Title: Distillation process for the removal of water from organic compounds
IPC: B01D3/36
Filed: 1945-06-11
Abstract: Organic compounds, e.g., alcohols, acids, esters are dehydrated by distillation with tetrahydropyran which forms an azeotropic mixture with the water which on distilling off and condensing stratifies into an aqueous layer containing a small percentage of tetrahydropyran and a tetrahydropyran layer containing a small percentage of water.  In examples (1) 300 gs. n-propanol/water binary azeotrope are mixed with 100 gs. tetrahydropyran and distilled in a column connected to a total condenser and decanter from which the lower aqueous layer is withdrawn continuously. After removal of the aqueous layer the distillation was continued with 3 : 1 reflux until the still head temperature reached 98 DEG C., n-propanol containing 0.08 per cent. water being recovered (2) as applied to formic acid with which the tetrahydropyran also forms an azeotrope, the tetrahydropyran is added in only sufficient quantity to form the required water/tetrahydropyran azeotropic mixture (4) sorbitol and (5) glucose are dehydrated similarly.ALSO:Organic compounds, e.g. alcohols, acids, esters are dehydrated by distillation with tetrahydropyran which forms an azeotropic mixture with the water which on distilling off and condensing stratifies into an aqueous layer containing a small percentage of tetrahydropyran and a tetrahydropyran layer containing a small percentage of water.  In examples: (1) 300 gs. n-propanol/water binary azeotrope are mixed with 100 gs. tetrahydropyran and distilled in a column connected to a total condenser and decanter from which the lower aqueous layer is withdrawn continually. After removal of the aqueous layer, the distillation was continued with 3 : 1 reflux until the still head temperature reached 98 DEG  C., n-propanol containing 0.08 per cent water being recovered; (2) as applied to formic acid with which the tetrahydropyran also forms an azeotrope, the tetrahydropyran is added in only sufficient quantity to form the required water/tetrahydropyran azeotropic mixture; (4) sorbitol and (5) glucose are dehydrated similarly.
Patent GB-988194-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in weighbridges
Inventor: CLAMP DAVID WARWICK LLOYD
IPC: G01G3/145
Filed: 1962-04-17
Abstract: 988,194. Weighing electrically. JOSEPH LUCAS (INDUSTRIES) Ltd. March 27, 1963 [April 17, 1962], No. 14779/62. Heading G1N. Apparatus for determining the weight on a weighbridge comprises a pair of strain gauges 9 at each corner of the weighing platform, each pair of gauges 9 being connected in a bridge circuit 8 with resistors which provide automatic temperature compensation, and is characterized in that the outputs from the four bridges are connected in parallel through series rheostats 15 which are adjusted to make the output impedances equal. The sensitivity of each bridge is adjusted by an input rheostat 14. A.C. power for the bridges is obtained from a transformer 13 located at or near the weighbridge, whereby the potential drop between the transformer secondary and the bridges is minimised, and the volts drop along the power cable 12 is reduced by the turns ratio of the transformer. The output from the bridges is automal tically balanced against the voltages tapped off from three separately fed potentiometers 20, 21, 22, the first preset to represent the unloaded weight of the platform, and the second preset to represent the unloaded weight of a container. The capacitative impedance to earth of the leads 16 may be different, resulting in different leak currents to earth. This is balanced out by adjustment of the earthing point of a potentiometer 26 across the difference amplifier 23. The bridge output and input cables 12, 16 are separate to avoid pick-up between them. Specifications 988,192, 988,193 and 988,195 are referred to.
Patent GB-554219-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to thermal electric switches
IPC: H01H71/18
Filed: 1942-10-21
Abstract: 554,219. Iron-nickel alloy. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd. Oct. 21, 1942. No. 14783. Convention date. Oct. 21, 1941. Drawings to Specification. [Class 82 (i)] [Also in Group XXXVII] An alloy of small thermal expansibility for part of a thermal switch is composed of 36 per cent. of nickel, 0-2 per cent. of carbon and the remainder of iron. Specifications 423,897 and 424,746 are referred to.
Patent GB-317872-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, or relating to, work supporting means for drilling and other machine tools
IPC: B23Q3/16
Filed: 1928-05-22
Abstract: 317,872. Evans, F. H. May 22, 1928. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Drilling-machines.- In means for supporting and holding the work on machines such as boring and drilling machines, the work is held on a table by one or more fluid pressure cylinders, the arrangement being such that on depressing a pedal fluid is admitted to the cylinders to grip the work, the feed motion of the tools is set into operation, and reversed, the work-holding means are released and the feed motion is automatically stopped. As applied to a drilling-machine one or more drill heads 7, each carrying a number of drills 8 rotated from pulleys 9, are mounted on a slide 12 movable horizontally to and from a work-table 4 which is angularly adjustable about pivots 6. A cross bar 18 is vertically adjustable pillars 16 secured at each end of the table and serves to support one or more laterally adjustable pneumatic cylinders 20 which contain plungers 22, Fig. 4, adapted to be pressed downwardly against springs 25. A pulley 41, Fig. 2, drives a shaft 39 through the medium of a worm drive 36 and a clutch 40, the shaft 39 having at one end a crank pin 61, Fig. 3, serving to oscillate a slotted link 62 and impart feed to the slide 12 through a link 65, levers 66, 68 on a shaft 67, and links 13. The supply of air to the cylinders 20 is controlled by a valve 78 whose plunger 77 rests on a lever 56 which is normally held in the raised position shown in Fig. 3 by a cam 54 on a disc 53 secured to the shaft 39, thus allowing air from the supply pipe 72 to pass to exhaust. In operation, depression of a pedal 30 oscillates a lever 45, Fig. 2, connected by a link 47 to the clutch operating lever 50, past a cam 43 on a disc secured to the shaft 39 and thus closes the clutch and allows the shaft 39 to be rotated. The cam 54 thereupon allows the lever 56 to fall and admits air to the cylinders 20 to grip the work and the crank pin 61 then feeds the drills into the work and withdraws them. After a single revolution of the shaft 39, the cam 54 raises the lever 56 to connect the cylinders 20 to exhaust and the cam 43 acts on the lever 45 to open the clutch 40, and bring the slide 12 to nest. The valve 78 may be arranged to admit air to the cylinders 20 in advance of the operation of the drill and to exhaust the cylinders at any predetermined period after the drills have ceased to operate. The compressed air may be supplied by a compressor driven by the machine and the work-clamp may be permanently secured to or separate from the machine and may be removably secured in any position relative to the work table. According to the provisional Specification the drill spindles are driven by universal joints from a shaft, the shaft 39 is rotated by a pinion on the clutch shaft, and the control valve 78 is operated by an adjustable rod connected to the shaft 67 of the bell crank lever 66.
Patent GB-714307-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to ray detection apparatus
IPC: G01T1/26
Filed: 1952-06-16
Abstract: 714,307. Semi-conductor devices.NEWTON VICTOR, Ltd. June 16, 1952, [June 18, 1951.] No. 15118/52. Class 37. Radiations and in particular X-rays are detected by measuring the. change in Impedance of a crystal of mercury sulphide on which the rays impinge. As shown the crystal of mercury sulphide I I is connected in series with a resistor 2o and a potential source I9, the grid-cathode input signal of an amplifying valve i being taken across the ends of the resistor. If the X-ray source is fluctuating, a condenser 23 may be inserted between the resistor and the grid. The Specification states that the sensitivity of the crystal is greatly increased if it is irradiated, at the same time as it receives X-rays, with visible light from a source 26. The wavelength of 5,200 A‹ is mentioned as particularly suitable. If a non-varying source of X-rays is to be measured condenser 22 may be omitted. It is stated that the crystal is much more sensitive near the negative voltage source and a screen made of such crystals with their negative ends towards an X-ray source may be used for the examination of objects. The invention may also be applied to measuring liquid level. Screens comprising mercury sulphide crystals may be made by grinding crystals to the desired size mixing them with a cement to form a paste and spreading as a thin layer. Alternatively the granulated material may be compressed to form blocks and then fired in an atmosphere of sulphuretted hydrogen to form a homogeneous block.
Patent GB-1081985-A (GB)
Title: Data processing apparatus
IPC: G06F13/12
Filed: 1966-04-05
Abstract: 1,081,985. Prefetched instructions. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. April 5, 1966 [April 5, 1965], No. 15174/66. Heading G4A. Data processing apparatus comprises means responsive to an instruction counter and an instruction in an "instruction operand register" to select the next instruction or portion of an instruction to be transferred to the instruction operand register from an instruction buffer register. Instruction words of 64 bits are passed from a main store into a 128-bit buffer register (AB) under control of the high order bits of an instruction counter portion (ICR) of a programme status word (PSW). Instructions can be 16, 32 and 48 bits long, and may overlap word boundaries. The low order bits (except the lowest) of the instruction counter select any one of eight 32-bit portions of the buffer register for transfer to a 32-bit instruction operand register (IOP) from which it can be executed. (Adjacent 32-bit selectable portions overlap by 16 bits). An incrementer allows the high order bits of the instruction counter (ICR) to be advanced 0, 1, 2 or 3 storage words. An adder (GSA) allows the low order bits (except the lowest) to be incremented to transfer the next instruction or instruction portion into the instruction operand register (IOP), the increment being the instruction length (specified by the first two bits of the instruction operation code) when this did not exceed the length of the instruction operand register (IOP) and a fixed increment otherwise.
Patent GB-1038603-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to photographic apparatus
IPC: G03B17/34
Filed: 1965-04-09
Abstract: 1,038,603. Photographic apparatus. INTERNATIONAL POLAROID CORPORATION. April 9, 1965 [May 6,1964; July 22, 1964], No.15215/65. Heading G2A. A magazine 12 constituting the back of a photographic camera 10 contains for exposure and processing a plurality of film assemblies in a film pack 14 (Fig. 2, not shown), the film assemblies containing liquid processing means, which magazine comprises a rectangular chamber having an exposure aperture co-operating with that of the camera and an opening at one end to receive the film pack, a hinged cover 38 rendering the chamber light-tight for exposure, and processing when closed. The magazine also comprises means for processing each assembly including a pair of spaced rollers 70, 72 between which the exposed and image-receiving sheets are drawn out of the magazine through a slot 74, there being a pair of resilient arms 78 pivotally mounted on a block 80 which bear against the longitudinal marginal areas of each assembly immediately prior to its advancement between the rollers 70, 72 to prevent the processing liquid escaping. A plate 82 (Fig. 4, not shown) holds back the image-receiving sheet to prevent it prematurely passing between the rollers 70,72.
Patent GB-748179-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to silos and like storage containers
Inventor: SHEPHERD DONALD WELTON
IPC: B65D88/30
Filed: 1953-06-01
Abstract: 748,179. Silos. PORTASILO, Ltd. May 25, 1954 [June 1, 1953], No. 15228/53. Class 20(1). A lightweight transportable silo for cement or other powdery or granular material comprises a number of cylindrical components 1 of lightweight material, e.g. plywood, secured together coaxially in combination with a reinforcing keel comprising two metal shod timbers 22 extending along the components and serving as a base on which the silo can rest when positioned horizontally during its transport. The silo base comprises a unit 3 with double walls e.g. of plywood, secured to a framework depending from a conical part 2 having a valve controlled outlet 16 and a universally mounted agitator 20. An opening 15 in the unit 3 allows the insertion of a collecting hopper, and a trackway for the hopper may be arranged within the opening. Ladder rungs may be supported between the timbers 22 of the keel, or alternatively a sheet 24 with foot-hold openings 25 may be used. Road wheels may be attached to the lower end of the keel and a towing attachment secured at the other end. Material is supplied to the silo under air pressure, and is fed through a pipe 39 located within the keel structure to an outlet 41. The sloping silo roof 26 has a rectangular opening bounded by side-boards 23 and a back. board 27, and a ventilator 28 is hinged to the back-board and consists of a box-like structure with a curved roof 28<SP>1</SP>, a front plate apertured at 35, and a rear plate apertured at 37. Filter plates 34 are arranged in W formation and the air which feeds the material to the silo escapes through the filters and openings 35. Powder, &c., trapped above the filters is returned to the silo by raising the ventilator 28 and causing the powder to pass through the openings 37. Reinforcing rings 45 of the type described in Specification 748,178, [Group XXIII], may cover the joints between adjacent cylindrical components.
Patent GB-1507702-A (GB)
Title: Measuring the surface roughness of a moving sheet materia
IPC: G01B11/30
Filed: 1975-04-15
Abstract: 1507702 Measuring roughness photoelectrically DOMTAR Ltd 15 April 1975 [16 April 1974] 15340/75 Heading G1A Apparatus for measuring surface roughness of a moving web comprises: means for illuminating the surface obliquely; means for collecting light reflected from small areas of the web in sequence; photo-electric means; and means for processing photo-electric signals to provide a signal representing roughness. A source 10, Fig. 1, e.g. a tungsten filament, LED or laser, illuminates a portion of a web 2 moving at e.g. 2000 ft/min, with a beam at an angle of preferably 20-30 degrees to the surface. A lens 12 images a surface portion of 0À01-2À0 mm diameter on a suitable aperture 13 in a collector 5, to illuminate a low-noise photoconductor 6. Photo-conductor signals, after amplification at 7, are separated by A. C. and D. C. filters 8, 9, the A.C. filter having a pass-band extending from 5 kHz to at least 100 kHz. A.C. signals are converted to a magnitude signal, e.g. by a RMS converter 14 having an integration time-constant of 30-100 ms, the magnitude signal being divided by the D.C. signal in a calculator 17 to form a roughness index signal for display or recording at 18. To remove spurious dark signals, the source power supply 22 and the converter 14 may be periodically switched off e.g. at 0.5 second intervals by a control unit 21 which activates a zero set device 19 to correct the D.C. signal. The source 10 Fig. 4 may be set in a dustsealed cavity 16 of a frame 15 provided with an opening 20 admitting light to a collector and detector (not shown). The sensing head thus constituted may be hand-held against the web 2, or mounted for transverse scanning of the moving web.
Patent GB-438798-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the measuring of gloss
IPC: G01N21/57
Filed: 1934-05-23
Abstract: 438,798. Photometric apparatus. HORSFIELD, W. R., 14, Regent Street, London. May 23, 1934, No. 15408. [Class 97 (i)] The gloss, or specular reflecting power, of a non-metallic material such as paper is measured by directing light at a suitable angle to the surface, and passing the specularly reflected light, which is polarized by such reflection, through a rotating analyzer to a photoelectric cell connected to an alternating current meter. Preferably light from the same source is also reflected by a standard polarizing surface and passes through a second analyzer to the same photo-electric cell, the second analyzer being rotated at the same speed as the first but in opposite phase so that when the transmission of one is a maximum, that of the other is a minimum. The paper &c. surface 14 to be tested is arranged below a glass window 20 of a casing 10 provided with rollers 12 to enable it to be displaced to any position across a paper web. Light from a source 22 within the casing is projected by a condenser 26 on to the surface 14 at an angle of incidence of about 57‹, the specularly reflected light being passed through a Nicol prism 32 to a photo-electric cell 44. The comparison material 28 consisting of polished glass receives light from the source 22 through a second condenser 26 and the light reflected by this material passes through a Nicol prism 34 to the cell 44. The prisms 32, 34 are rotated at the same speed in opposite phase by a motor 54. If the gloss of the surface 14 is equal to that of the surface 28 the illumination of the cell is steady and a zero reading is obtained on the alternating-current meter; but if the two surfaces reflect unequally, the cell is subjected to periodically varying illumination the phase of which depends on which of the two surfaces has the greater reflecting power. Fig. 6 shows a circuit for measuring the alternating output of the cell as regards both amplitude and phase. The cathode 66 is connected through a condenser 68 to the grid 70 of a thermionic amplifying-valve 72, the anode of which is connected to the primary 74 of a transformer 76. The ends of the secondary 78 are connected to the grids 86, 88 of rectifying valves 90, 92 the anodes of which are connected to a centre-zero voltmeter 62 shunted by a potentiometer resistance 98 High-tension voltage is applied to the anodes by a battery 100 through the two branches of the resistance 98. The centre point of the secondary 78 is connected to an alternating- current generator 80 driven by gearing 82, Fig. 1, from the motor 54 so that its frequency is the same as that of the alternating output of the cell 44. With this arrangement the deflection of the meter 62 takes place in one direction or the other according to the phase of the alternating output of the cell, the magnitude of the deflection depending upon the amplitude of the output.
Patent GB-1476909-A (GB)
Title: Compensating circuit for electronic switches
IPC: H03K17/06
Filed: 1975-04-15
Abstract: 1476909 Gating circuits INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ELECTRIC CORP 15 April 1975 [22 April 1974 (2)] 15425/75 Heading H3T 15 April In a circuit for compensating for the resistance of an electronic switch RON, e.g. in a telephone exchange equipment, the switch is connected in series with a controllable negative resistance -R, a resistor RM and a voltage source W and the control signal for the negative resistance is derived by measuring the voltage across resistor RM. As described the voltage across this resistor is compared with the voltage of an A.C. source W in a comparator V which produces an error signal to adjust - R until the two voltages are equal. Speech currents may be coupled into the switch by transformers which are by-passed by circuits T11, T12 at the frequency of source W. The source W is similarly by-passed by circuit T2 at speech frequencies. In a modification, Fig. 3 (not shown), a D.C. source (G) is used in place of source W. A pair of circuits of either type may be employed in a balanced arrangement, Figs. 2, 4 (not shown), or in an alternative balanced arrangement, Fig. 5, a first negative resistance - R1 may be controlled in dependance on a comparison between the voltage of the source G<SP>1</SP> and that across the resistor RM and a second negative resistance - R2 may be controlled in dependance on the voltage between points B, D by a second comparator AS. A suitable form of negative resistance is disclosed, Figs. 6, 7 (not shown).
Patent GB-1089181-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical accessories incorporating a lamp holder
Inventor: LEWIS HARRY STANLEY
IPC: F21V19/02
Filed: 1964-04-14
Abstract: 1,089,181. Lampholders. ASHLEY ACCESSORIES Ltd. April 5, 1965 [April 14, 1964], No. 15454/64. Heading H2E. A lampholder 11 may be mounted in different angular positions with respect to a mounting block 10 by means of a part spherical adaptor 12. The lampholder may be inclined by releasing a clamping ring 14 which rigidly secures the lampholder to the block, and by turning the adaptor 12 so that the edge 22 takes up the position of the edge 23 and vice versa, Figs. 3 and 4 (not shown). The lampholder is held in position by notches 24, 25 in the edges 22 and 23 engaging a lug 15a. In a modification, Fig. 6 (not shown), a number of lugs 15c in the groove 15b are provided.
Patent GB-1389823-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of hydroxycitronellol and its derivatives
IPC: C07C29/132
Filed: 1971-05-18
Abstract: 1389823 Hydroxycitronellols; reduction of epoxides BUSH BOAKE ALLEN Ltd 18 May 1972 [18 May 1971] 15473/71 Heading C2C  A hydroxycitronellol (1) where X is hydroxy, alkoxy or acyloxy, is made by hydrogenating an epoxide (2) in the presence of finely divided metallic Cu. The compound (1) may be further converted to the citronellol without isolation from the reaction mixture.
Patent GB-588716-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to guns
IPC: F41C23/14
Filed: 1944-08-15
Abstract: 588,716. Stocks for smallarms. BOYLE, W. R. Aug. 15, 1944, No. 15537. [Class 119] A sporting gun, rifle, &c. comprises a rockable nut 6 in the breech-block engaged by the screwed end of the stock fixing bolt 3 to allow the inclination of the stock to be adjusted by shaping, on placing a fillet between, the abutting surfaces of the stock and breech-block. The nut 6 is cylindrical and mounted in a hole - bored transversely of the breech-block with its ends flush with the sides of the breech-block.
Patent GB-379344-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cameras for photography or kinematography, particularly in colour
IPC: G03B33/00
Filed: 1931-05-27
Abstract: 379,344. Colour photography. HILLMAN, A. G., GILL, B. T., and GERRARD INDUSTRIES, Ltd., Victoria House, Vernon Place, Southampton Row, London. May 27, 1931, No. 15550. [Classes 97 (i) and 98 (ii).] A unit for embodying in a camera for obtaining multiple images by simultaneous exposure comprises the combination of an objective and an optical light-dividing system mounted on a panel or frame, with means for preadjusting the elements of the light-dividing system relatively to one another and to the objective and optical axis. The unit is mounted on a panel 1 to which is secured an internally threaded ring 3 receiving the objective. The panel 1 has a threaded boss 6 to which is secured a ring 7 carrying pivots 9 for a frame 10 in which is journalled a spindle 11 carrying the light-dividing means, which in the form shown are of the kind described in Specification 357,660 consisting of intersecting reflectors 4, 5. The reflector 5 is keyed to the spindle and can be angularly adjusted by screws 14 engaging an arm 15, and the reflector 4 is loose on the spindle and can be angularly adjusted by turning an eccentric 16 which engages the forked end of an arm 18 connected to the reflector. Adjustment of the reflectors relatively to the optical axis is effected by rocking the frame 10 by means of adjusting screws 19, and the distance of the reflectors from the lens is adjusted by turning the ring 7 on the boss 6. The ends of the spindle 11 are mounted in adjustable slide guides so that the spindle can be set truly at right-angles to the optical axis.