Patent GB-846019-A (GB)
Title: Thickening, suspending and emulsifying agents for water-base paints and coating compositions
IPC: C09D5/02
Filed: 1957-05-15
Abstract: A thickening, suspending and emulsifying agent for water base paints and coating compositions comprises a mixture of (1) an alkali metal or ammonia salt of a partial ester and/or a partial amide of an interpolymer of a monomeric mixture which is insoluble in water and organic solvents comprising (a) an a -b  definically unsaturated polycarboxylic acid anhydride of the structure <FORM:0846019/IV(a)/1> wherein R and R1 may be a hydrogen or halogen atom or a cyano, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or cycloliphatic group, (b) at least one monolefinic monomer copolymerisable with said anhydride, and (c) an amount of a cross-linking agent comprising polymerisable material containing a plurality of polymerisable <FORM:0846019/IV(a)/2> groups capable of imparting substantial insolubility to said salt without destroying its hydrophilic swelling properties, and (2) a water-soluble alkali metal or ammonia salt of a polymer of an a -b definically-unsaturated, carboxylic acid or nitride, said soluble and insoluble salts being present in said paint in a ratio of between 10:1 and 1:5, and preferably 5:1 to 1:4 by weight. Specified polycarboxylic anhydrides are maleic, chloromaleic, dimethyl maleic, diphenyl maleic, dibenzyl maleic, di-(p-methylphenyl) maleic and dicyclohexyl maleic anhydride. Specified monolefinic monomers are ethylene, isobutylene, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, vinylidene cyanide, vinyl acetate, vinyl laurate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, vinyl 2-ethyl hexyl ether, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and methyl vinyl ketone.  Cross-linking agents specified are trivinyl benzene, trivinyl naphthalene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, hexallyl trimethylene trisulphone, trimethacrylyl triazine, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetrol allyl ethers and the vinyl, allyl, methallyl and crotyl polyethers of polyhydraxy compounds containing 2 or more alkenyl ether groups per molecule.  Specified alcohols and amines for forming the half esters are aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and primary and secondary amines containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, octadecyl and cyclohexyl alcohols and ammonia, methyl to octadecyl amines, cyclohexylamine, dilauryl amine, aniline, monomethyl aniline, naphthylamine, o-toluidine, diphenylamine, benzylamine, sulphanilic acid, guanidine, pyrrole and piperidine. The paints may also contain high molecular butadienestyrene latex, rubber latex, chlorinated or hydrochlorinated rubber latex, styrene-acrylonitrile latex, polyacrylate ester latex, polymethacrylate ester latex, liquid alkyd coating resins, oil modified polyesters, emulsions of drying oils or polyalkenyl p polyethers of polyhydroxy compounds and polymers and interpolymers of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride.  The Examples describe the preparation of resins from (a) maleic anhydride, methyl vinyl ether and pollallyl sucrose which is esterified with ethanolamine or methanol and (b) acrylonitrile, the treatment and admixture of the resins to form the thickening agent of the invention and the use thereof in paint formulations. Specification 800,011 is referred to.