Patent GB-719793-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the production of hydroxyethylation products from mixtures containinga plurality of different high molecular compounds capable of being hydroxyethylated
IPC: C09K23/42
Filed: 1951-12-20
Abstract: Hydroxyethylation products are prepared from a mixture containing a plurality of different high molecular compounds containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule and capable of being hydroxyethylated by reacting the mixture successively with amounts of ethylene oxide, stopping the reaction as soon as an hydroxyethylation mixture is obtained which has an optimum activity in respect of the kind or kinds of surface activity desired but which gives an aqueous solution which is either not clear or is rendered turbid on heating and incorporating a p  dispersing agent in the reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to yield a final product capable of forming a clear solution in water which is not rendered turbid on heating.  The point of optimum activity is determined by examining samples taken from the reaction mixture at short intervals of time and testing for the desired activity in the usual manner.  The dispersing agents may be added before, during or after the hydroxylation; amounts of between about 1 and 12 per cent of the initial mixture are suitable.  In examples: (1) a C10-15 alcohol mixture obtained by catalytic reduction of fatty acids prepared by oxidation of paraffin wax, is reacted with 7 mols. of ethylene oxide, the calculated amount to provide a product of optimum wetting power but which is not clearly water-soluble, and this product is mixed with 10 per cent of a sodium sulphonate obtained by sulphonation of dodecyl benzene; (2) an alkyl phenol obtained by condensation of phenol with a mixture of alkenes formed by hydrogenation of acetylene and having a mean molar weight of 260 is reacted with about 8 mols. of ethylene oxide and the product having optimum wetting and washing power is rendered soluble by addition of 2-5 per cent of a dispersing agent obtained by saponification of sulphochlorinated decyl benzene; or (3) sulphonated dodecylbenzene; or (4) the product obtained from dodecylphenol and 20 mols. ethylene oxide; (5) beta-naphthol is condensed with an olefine mixture B.P. 50-120 DEG  C. obtained by hydrogenation of acetylene, the product is reacted with appropriate amounts of ethylene oxide to give optimum washing and wetting action and a saponified sulpho-chlorinated hydrocarbon mixture obtained by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is added to solubilize the product.  Materials suitable for use in the hydroxyethylation include mixtures of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols, alkyl naphthols, resin acids and resin alcohols.  In general, suitable dispersing agents are acid sulphuric esters of fatty alcohols, salts of alkyl-benzene or alkyl-naphthalene sulphonates, condensation products of fatty acids and degraded albuminous substances, salts of condensation products of fatty acids with hydroxy ethane sulphonic acid, methyl taurine or methyl sarcosine, turkey red oils, soaps, mineral oil sulphonates, saponification products of alkyl or aralkyl-sulphochlorides and hydroxyethylation products of fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols and fatty acids.ALSO:Wetting compositions are prepared by reacting a mixture containing a plurality of different high-molecular compounds capable of being hydroxyethylated and containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule, successively with amounts of ethylene oxide, stopping the reaction as soon as an hydroxyethylation mixture is obtained which has an optimum wetting activity but which gives an aqueous solution which is either not clear or is rendered turbid on heating and incorporating a dispersing agent in the reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to yield a final product capable of forming a clear solution in water which is not rendered turbid on heating.  The point of optimum wetting activity is determined by testing samples taken from the reaction mixture at short intervals.  The dispersing agent may be added before, during or after hydroxyethylation; amounts of agent of between about 1 and 12 per cent of the initial mixture are used.  In Examples: (1) a mixture of C10-15 alcohols obtained by catalytic reduction of fatty acids obtained by oxidation of paraffin wax, is reacted with 7 mols ethylene oxide and the product, having optimum wetting action is mixed with 10 per cent dodecyl benzene sulphonate; (2) mixed alkyl phenols, average molar weight 260, are reacted with 8 mols ethylene oxide and the product, having optimum wetting and washing action is mixed with 2-5 per cent of saponified sulpho chlorinated decyl-benzene, (3) dodecyl benzene sulphonate or (4), the product of dodecyl phenol and 20 mols ethylene oxide; (5) beta-naphthol is condensed with an olefinic mixture B.P. 50 DEG -120 DEG C, hydroxyethylated to yield a product of optimum washing and wetting action and then mixed with a dispersing agent prepared by saponification of sulpho chlorinated hydrocarbons obtained by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.  In general, there may be hydroxyethylated mixtures of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty acid amides, resin acids, resin alcohols, alkyl phenols and alkyl naphthols and, as dispersing agents, there may be used sulphuric acid esters of fatty alcohols, salts of alkyl benzene and alkyl-naphthalene sulphonates, condensation products of fatty acids and degraded albuminous substances, salts of condensation products of fatty acids with hydroxy-ethane sulphonic acid, taurine or methyl sarcosine, turkey red oils, soaps, mineral oil sulphonates, saponification products of alkyl or aralkyl sulphochlorides and hydroxyethylation products of fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols and fatty acids.ALSO:Washing compositions are prepared by reacting a mixture containing a plurality of different high molecular compounds, capable of being hydroxyethylated and containing at least 8 carbon atoms in the molecule, successively with amounts of ethylene oxide, stopping the reaction as soon as an hydroxyethylation mixture is obtained which has an optimum activity in respect of the kind or kinds of surface-activity desired but which gives an aqueous solution which is either not clear or is rendered turbid on heating, and incorporating a dispersing agent in the reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to yield a final product capable of forming a clear solution in water which is not rendered turbid on heating.  The point of optimum surface-activity is determined by examining samples taken from the reaction mixture at short intervals and testing for the desired activity in the usual manner.  The dispersing agents may be added before, during or after hydroxyethylation; amounts of agent of between about 1 and 12 per cent. of the initial mixture are suitable. In examples: (1) a C10-15 alcohol mixture obtained by catalytic reduction of fatty acids prepared by oxidation of paraffin wax, is reacted with 7 mols. of ethylene oxide, the calculated amount to give optimum wetting power but not clear water-solubility and the product mixed with 10 per cent. of sulphonated dodecyl benzene; (2) mixed alkyl phenols, of mean molar weight 260, are reacted with 8 mols of ethylene oxide and the product, of optimum wetting and washing power, is rendered soluble by 2-5 per cent. of saponified sulphochlorinated decyl benzene, (3) dodecyl benzene sulphonate or (4) the product of dodecyl phenol and 20 mols ethylene oxide; (5) betanaphthol is condensed with an olefine mixture B.P. 50 DEG -120 DEG C., reacted with sufficient ethylene oxide to give optimum washing and wetting power and mixed with a dispersing agent, obtained by saponification of a sulphochlorinated hydrocarbon mixture prepared by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, to solubilize.  In general, there may be hydroxyethylated, mixtures of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols, alkyl naphthols, resin acids and resin alcohols and as dispersing agents, there may be used sulphuric acid esters of fatty alcohols, salts of alkyl-benzene and alkyl-naphthalene sulphonates, condensation products of fatty acids and degraded albuminous substances, salts of condensation products of fatty acids with hydroxyethane sulphonic acid, taurine or methyl sarcosine, Turkey red oils, soaps, mineral oil sulphonates, saponification products of alkyl or aralkyl-sulphochlorides and hydroxyethylation products of fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols and fatty acids.