baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-2603958-A (GB)
Title: Bird feeder support
Inventor: CARL FOWLER
IPC: F16M13/02
Filed: 2021-02-23
Abstract: A bird feeder support 10 for preventing or inhibiting the movement or swinging of a bird feeder. The bird feeder support comprises a mount, such as a tube 116 and screw 118, or a coil 14 (Figure 1), which may be releasably connectable to a support pole 52. A strut 100 extends from the mount and holds at its distal end, a support, which may be in the form of a ring 12 or a C-shaped member 200 (Figure 7). The ring or C-shaped member may partially or fully surround a part of a tubular bird feeder suspended from a support pole, so as to prevent it from swinging in the wind. Alternatively, the ring or C-shaped member can be used to support a dish bird feeder 150 (Figure 5, as for all following numerals), comprising a body portion 152 for receiving food, a mesh 154, a dome insert 156, plastic tube 164 supporting a rainwater shedding roof 158, and a reticulated tube 166 located on the periphery of the body portion.
Patent GB-2605191-A (GB)
Title: Automatic pressure washer system
Inventor: ANDREW ROBERT YARROW
IPC: B60S3/00
Filed: 2021-03-26
Abstract: An automated pressure washer system 100, 1000 and a method of operation for the system, for cleaning radiators of an engine of a rail vehicle. The system 100 comprises a nozzle mount 200 comprising a fluid nozzle 300 carried on a support guide assembly 102 which defines an operational plane defined by an x-axis and a y-axis, the x-axis and y-axis beingperpendicular to one another. The nozzle mount 200 is moveable relative to the support guide assembly 102. The support guide assembly 102 is configured to constrain the movement of the nozzle mount 200 to positions on the operational plane. A control system 400 is operable to define the positions of the nozzle mount 200 on the operational plane. The system may have a first 114 and second 115 x-axis support guide a y-axis support guide 116 and a z-axis support guide (118. Fig. 28); and x-axis, y-axis & z-axis actuators 130, 132, (134, Fig. 28) respectively; all mounted to a support frame 120. The support frame 120 may have an aperture 122 in which fluid from nozzle 300 is direct through. The nozzle may be a flat spray nozzle configured to generate a flat spray.
Patent GB-2605450-A (GB)
Title: Communication System
Inventor: Ayesha Ijaz
IPC: H04L1/18
Filed: 2021-04-01
Abstract: A communication system 1 in which a user equipment (UE) 3 communicates with a network node (e.g. a base station, gNB) 6 via a non-terrestrial network (NTN). The UE receives from the network node an indication that HARQ feedback is either required or not required for a set of transmission occasions, and the UE transmits or omits HARQ feedback for that set of transmission occasions based on the received indication. The indication may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) field (e.g. a PUUCH Resource Indicator (PRI) field) or a medium access control (MAC) header. The HARQ feedback may comprise a Type-1 HARQ feedback and the UE may be configured to communicate using Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS). The UE may further be configured to transmit HARQ feedback when communicating using SPS even if it receives an indication that HARQ feedback is not required.
Patent GB-2594595-A (GB)
Title: Bioflavonoid compositions and their use
Inventor: HOWARD THOMAS (DECEASED)
IPC: A61Q11/00
Filed: 2019-10-18
Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and their use in oral hygiene. More particularly, the compositions comprise one or more flavonoids, such as naringin and neohesperidine and polylysine and/or caprylic acid and/or a zinc salt. Such compositions may be in the form of, for example, a solution, gel, spray, chewing gum or paste suitable for use in the oral cavity. The composition may be used in reducing bacterial numbers on teeth, gums or other surfaces in the oral cavity.
Patent GB-2608593-A (GB)
Title: Method and system for developing organizational framework conditions
Inventor: Andreas Loroch
IPC: G06Q10/06
Filed: 2021-06-29
Abstract: The disclosed method involves engaging an organisation’s employees by providing them with adaptive tools and techniques to identify and solve issues within their organisation. The employee’s input is compared against predetermined information such as historical data and/or customer requirements in order to arrive at framework conditions which are directed towards achieving organisational objectives and help determine success thereof through increased performance and adaptability. The method comprises identifying an organisational architecture 102 comprising employees, teams and management; engaging the organisational architecture to contribute to organisational framework conditions 104 by providing organisational architecture with formats relating to organisational framework conditions, and receiving inputs from organisational architecture with respect to provided formats relating to organisational framework conditions. Moreover, the method comprises analysing inputs received with respect to provided formats to determine a first set of contributions 106; reflecting on the analysed first set of contributions based on predetermined information to identify a second set of contributions 108; and operating organisational architecture based on identified second set of contributions to develop organisational framework conditions 110.
Patent GB-2596950-A (GB)
Title: Methods, apparatus and systems for biometric processes
Inventor: JOHN PAUL LESSO
IPC: G06F21/32
Filed: 2018-07-06
Abstract: Biometric authentication in relation to the ear of a user includes updating stored ear model data for the user following successful authentication of said user. The stored ear model is automatically updated for the user with the newly acquired ear model data subsequent to successful authentication. The ear model data may be acquired using a personal audio device that generates an acoustic stimulus and detects a measured response. The acquisition of the ear model data may be responsive to a determination that the personal audio device is inserted into or placed adjacent to the user’s ear. The acquisition of the ear model data is responsive to the determination that the personal audio device has not been removed from or moved away from the user’s ear. Successful authentication may comprise successful authentication via an alternative mechanism than the biometric authentication system, such as one or more of: pin authentication; password or pass-phrase authentication; voice authentication. Acquired ear model data may be weighted according to one or more quality metrics of the acquired ear model data for combination with the stored ear model for the user.
Patent GB-2597384-A (GB)
Title: Custom digital components
Inventor: CHRISTOPHER DAWSON
IPC: G06F9/451
Filed: 2017-02-02
Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for processing requests for digital components. A method includes: receiving a request 112 from a client device 106 for a digital component (such as video, audio, image, or text) generated by a first SDK installed at the client device; identifying, within a data field, data corresponding to a set of other SDKs installed at the client device; generating a second request specifying an SDK from that set; transmitting, over a network 102, the second request to a third-party digital component provider 114; and receiving a response to the second request from the third party digital component provider; and transmitting, responsive to the first request, instructions specifying which SDK from among the set of other SDKs installed at the client device is required to render a digital component specified by the response to the second request.
Patent GB-2613390-A (GB)
Title: An arrangement for supporting a surgical robot
Inventor: DANIEL CHRISTOPHER WELCHMAN
IPC: F16M7/00
Filed: 2021-12-02
Abstract: An arrangement for supporting a surgical robot, the arrangement comprising a planar member 208 on which the surgical robot is supported, and a bladder 206a coupled to a bottom surface of the planar member. The bladder comprises an external membrane 302 having a surface which opposes the bottom surface of the planar member, and which is configured to comply with an uneven surface that it is in contact with, and an internal cavity 304 defined by the external membrane. The internal cavity holding a plurality of solid particles and being configured to hold a plurality of fluid particles. An opening is provided in the external membrane configured to enable the extraction of one or more of the fluid particles to cause an increased frictional engagement between the plurality of solid particles, thereby stabilising the surgical robot on the uneven surface. A method for stabilising a surgical robot on an uneven surface is also provided.
Patent GB-2617133-A (GB)
Title: Eco-bowl and tray thereof
Inventor: ANDREAS NAGEL
IPC: B65D5/20
Filed: 2022-03-30
Abstract: A blank comprises a main panel (10, fig. 1) having a perimeter formed by sides (12, 14, 16), each having a respective flap (18) with an internal tab (20), median panel 22 and external sub-flap (24). A bottom panel 38 is defined within the main panel by fold perimetric lines 40 parallel to the sides of the main panel. Wings 42 join at least some of the lines to a respective end part of the main panel adjacent to one of the sides, said end parts collectively forming a continuous rim 46 around the bottom panel. The blank forms a tray 50, which can be closed by plastic sealing film 58 to form a bowl. A method of producing the tray includes: folding the internal tabs and fixing them to the main panel; folding the median panels to collectively form a side wall; folding the sub-flaps into a plane parallel with the main panel; and detaching the bottom panel and wings from the main panel, and moving them away from the rim until a peripheral portion of the bottom panel contacts the sub-flaps and the wings contact respective portions of the side wall adjacent to the sub-flaps.
Patent GB-2617826-A (GB)
Title: Protection of battery enclosures
Inventor: LAURA LOUISE JORDAN
IPC: H01M50/231
Filed: 2022-04-12
Abstract: A battery enclosure for accommodating one or more battery cells comprises a plurality of walls and a protective cover for protecting an internal surface of the battery enclosure. The protective cover comprises a resin, reinforcing component, fire retardant, and further component for protecting the battery enclosure from a thermal runaway event. The further component comprises at least one of: an intumescent additive, ablative additive, or vitrifiable additive. The protective cover may comprise a resin layer including the resin, fire retardant and further component with the reinforcing component being provided in a separate reinforcing layer, e.g. a fabric or mesh, forming part of the cover. Alternatively, the reinforcing component may be dispersed in the resin. The fire retardant may comprise an endothermic material such as aluminium or magnesium hydroxide or ammonium polyphosphate. When the further component is an intumescent additive, this may comprise a phosphorus containing compound such as ammonium polyphosphate, triphenyl phosphate or aluminium phosphinate, a gas source and a carbon source. When it is an ablative additive, it may comprise mica, clay, talc, ceramic fibres or a borate. When it is a vitrifiable additive, it may comprise a glass frit or a ceramifying agent.
Patent GB-2603728-A (GB)
Title: Modular engine shipping skid
Inventor: CHAD M COUCH
IPC: F16M11/04
Filed: 2020-10-12
Abstract: A modular shipping skid for an engine is provided. The skid includes a base sized to receive an engine thereon, at least one alignment member projecting from the base, and a plurality of vertically extending support members extending from the base. The skid includes a fixture plate having an opening to fit a profile of the at least one alignment member and secure the fixture plate onto the base. The engine is mounted to a fixture on the fixture plate, and different fixture plates are provided with different fixtures to accommodate different sized engines on the same base.
Patent GB-2610312-A (GB)
Title: Direction selector mechanism for a power tool
Inventor: William Berry Dance
IPC: B25F5/00
Filed: 2021-05-18
Abstract: A direction selector mechanism for a motor of a tool, wherein the motor includes a motor shaft operable in either of first or second rotational directions. The mechanism comprises a direction selector disposed on a top side of the tool, a gear mechanism 134 disposed in the housing and coupled to the direction selector and including an aperture 150 for receiving a rear end of the motor shaft, wherein movement of the direction selector causes the gear mechanism to rotate. A switch linkage arm 136 is disposed in the housing and engaged with the gear mechanism, the switch linkage arm engaging a switch of a switch mechanism in the tool. Rotation of the gear mechanism causes movement of the arm 136, which causes movement of the switch to select either of the first or second rotational directions.
Patent GB-2612215-A (GB)
Title: Hydro-pneumatic cylinder with annulus fluid bypass
Inventor: NEIL B PRASAD
IPC: E21B19/00
Filed: 2019-10-09
Abstract: Cylinder includes a port 330 extending from a annular chamber 310 in a piston assembly 216 to a pilot 324. The port is formed through the body 314 of the piston assembly 216 and through a rod 116. The port 330 provides pressure communication between the annular chamber 310 and a lower end of the pilot 324. Pressure increase on a high-pressure side 222 of the cylinder forces the pilot 324 upward to open the port 326 between the flow path 320 on one side of the pilot 324 and the flow path 320 on the other side of the pilot 324. The cylinder also includes a shuttle valve 332 located within the flow path 320 in the rod. Actuation of the shuttle 332 to open the port 334 by increasing pressure on the low-pressure side 220 exceeds pressure of nitrogen gas on the high-pressure side 222 thereby allowing hydraulic fluid within the annular chamber 310 to be replaced.
Patent GB-2617240-A (GB)
Title: A system and method for automatic configuration of self-service kiosks
Inventor: AROON ASHISH KHATTER
IPC: G07F9/00
Filed: 2023-01-31
Abstract: System and method for automatic configuration of a self-service kiosk 104. The self-service kiosk is configured via a cloud server 101 that may host vending machine software (VMS). The server receives a data file, such as a DEX file, from the kiosk and parses the data file to extract metadata from the file. The server receives an image of a keypad of the self-service kiosk and processes the image to determine if the keypad is registered with the server. The self-service kiosk is registered with a mobile application when the keypad is registered with the cloud server. Upon registration, the mobile application is updated with an information corresponding to a set of products associated with the self-service kiosk, the set of products being extracted from the metadata. Once the self-service kiosk is configured the same is displayed back to the operator who is configuring the self-service kiosk on their mobile device 103 and application in association with the cloud server and the vending machine software (VMS) so that the consumers can start using the self-service kiosk immediately after configuration. The system and method reduce the time for operator to install and manage the self-service kiosk.
Patent GB-2614215-A (GB)
Title: Automobile hub aluminum alloy capable of being subjected to spin casting and rotary forging and preparation method therefor, and automobile hub and
Inventor: HONGMING WANG
IPC: C22C21/02
Filed: 2021-04-13
Abstract: An automobile hub aluminum alloy capable of being subjected to spin casting and rotary forging and a preparation method therefor, and an automobile hub and a manufacturing method therefor. The aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.0%-4.0% of Si, 2.0%-2.5% of Mg, 0.5%-1.0% of Mn, 0.10%-0.50% of Zr, 0.05%-0.1% of Cr, 0.5%-0.8% of Cu, 0.1%-0.3% of Zn, 0.10%-0.20% of Ti, 0.01%-0.05% of B, 0.05%-0.1% of Y, 0.1%-0.2% of Er, 0.02%-0.05% of Sr, and the balance of Al. The preparation method mainly comprises melting alloying, refining, casting, heat treatment, deformation processing, and other steps. The aluminum alloy is simple in alloying, can be applied to a spin casting process and a rotary forging process to prepare a high-performance aluminum alloy hub.
Patent GB-2618263-A (GB)
Title: Plate handling apparatus
Inventor: DAVID STANLEY JONES
IPC: B41F15/36
Filed: 2022-01-10
Abstract: A plate handling apparatus comprising a plurality of plate supports; an actuator; and a plate delivery outlet. The actuator is arranged to move the plate supports relative to the plate delivery outlet to thereby enable delivery of plates from the plate supports to the plate delivery outlet.
Patent GR-930100267-A (GR)
Inventor: JUAN JODAR PERIAGO
IPC: E03D9/08
Filed: 1993-06-23
Abstract: Καθαριστικό υγιεινής, τοποθετείται σε τουαλέτες και σχηματίζεται από ένα κλειστό σωληνοειδές στοιχείο, το οποίο εφαρμόζει στο πάνω μέρος της τουαλέτας, και το οποίο στοιχείο, έχει οπές στις μπροστινές και πίσω περιοχές για την έξοδο υγρού και απορρυπαντικού και/ή αέρα που εισχωρεί στο στοιχείο πλαγίως, μέσω μιας σωληνοειδούς προέκτασης συνδεδεμένης σ' ένα σώμα, επίσης σωληνοειδές, σχήματος διπλού "Τ", στο οποίο είναι συνδεδεμένα, ένα δοχείο σαπουνιού με κάλυμα και λαβή, μια είσοδος νερού, και μια είσοδος αέρα, όπου οι είσοδοι αυτές ρυθμίζονται από βαλβίδες - διόδους. Το σωληνοειδές στοιχείο έχει, τουλάχιστον στην περιοχή των οπών, λουριά συγκαλλημένα για να εμποδίζουν το υγρό να πετάγεται έξω.ω
Patent GT-198170557-A (GT)
Title: 9-amino-1-hidroxioctahidrobenzo (c) quinolinas y sus deriva-dos.
IPC: C07D221/12
Filed: 1981-07-21
Abstract: SE REFIERE A DERIVADOS DE 9AMINO1HIDROXIOCTAHIDROBENZO [C] QUINOLINA QUE TIENEN LA ESTRUCTURA QUIMICA I, CONTENIDA EN LA FICHA TECNICA RESPECTIVA. ESTOS COMPUESTOS SON UTILES COMO AGENTES DE TRATAMIENTO DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL, ESPECIALMENTE COMO AGENTES ANALGESICOS Y ANTIEMETICOS PARA USOEN LOS MAMIFEROS, INCLUIDO EL HOMBRE. ESTA INVENCION SE RE FIERE TAMBIEN A METODOS PARA SU UTILIZACION Y A COMPOSICIO NES FARMACEUTICAS QUE LOS CONTIENEN.
Patent GT-199300006-A (GT)
Title: Dispositivo para facilitar el transporte de racimos de bana-nos despues de cosechados.
IPC: B65G17/48
Filed: 1993-01-28
Abstract: DISPOSITIVO PARA FACILITAR EL TRANSPORTE DE LOS RACIMOS DE BANANOS DESPUES DE COSECHADOS, CARACTERIZADO POR TENER DOS GUIAS HORIZONTALES (13,14) CURVADAS PARA CREAR DOS NIVELES DE RODADURA (131, 140, 141)INSTALADAS SOBRE LA PLATAFORMA 1 DE UN CARRETON POR MEDIOS DE PARALES LATERALES (11, 12) Y ENTRE LAS CUALES PUEDEN DESPLASARSE, CON UN MOVIMIENTO DE TRASLADACION QUE LOS HAGA PASAR DE UN NIVEL A OTRO EN LOS CARRILES DE BODADURA (130, 140,;131, 141) DE DICHAS GUIAS (13,14)BAJO LA ACCION DE CADENAS (21) A LAS CUALES SE ENCUENTREN UNIDAS POR MEDIO DE RUEDAS DENTADAS (22) UNOS TRAVESANOS....
Patent GT-201300164-A (GT)
Title: Derivados de biciclo (3.2.1.) octilamida y sus usos
Inventor: LI GUIYING
IPC: A01N29/04
Filed: 2013-06-20
Abstract: LA PRESENTE INVENCIÓN PROPORCIONA DERIVADOS DE BICICLO[3,2,1]OCTILAMIDA QUE ACTÚAN COMO MODULADORES ALOSTÉRICOS DEL RECEPTOR 5 DE GLUTAMATO METABOTRÓPICO (RECEPTORES DE MGLU5 Ó MGLUR5), ASÍ COMO COMPOSICIONES FARMACÉUTICAS Y MÉTODOS DE TRATAMIENTO USANDO DICHOS DERIVADOS
Patent KR-830000817-A (KR)
Title: Thermal economized refrigeration system
Inventor: LAVIGNE W
IPC: F25B3/00
Filed: 1978-09-15
Abstract: The refrigeration system using a refrigerant for cooling a fluid has a compressor(110) for increasing the temp. & the press. of the gaseous refrigerant. A condenser(122) changes the refrigerant from the compressor from a gas to a liquid. A thermal economizer(128) is also provided with an economizer condenser(142) & and evaporator. The thermal economizer partially flashes the liq. from the condenser & the flashed refrigerant absorbs heat from the remaining refrigerant. The economizer condenses the flash gas to a liq. The evaporator receives liq. refrigerant & supplies gaseous refrigerant to the compressor.
Patent KR-830002065-A (KR)
Title: 횡적으로 배치된 고온의 전기 분해탱크에서 수직 자계(磁界)의 대칭화를 위한 방법
IPC: C25C7/06
Filed: 1980-02-13
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-830003019-A (KR)
Title: 회전토오크 전달장치
IPC: F16F15/123
Filed: 1980-06-24
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-840002676-A (KR)
Title: 용융금속 처리용기
IPC: C04B35/18
Filed: 1982-12-20
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-840003780-A (KR)
Title: 어육 햄의 제조방법
Filed: 1983-03-08
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850000598-A (KR)
Title: 영구기관 제46호기
Filed: 1983-06-11
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-840005914-A (KR)
Title: 홈파인 가스게이트
IPC: H01L31/04
Filed: 1983-08-12
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850005926-A (KR)
Title: 위성 방송 텔레비젼의 수신장치
IPC: H04N7/20
Filed: 1984-02-01
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850000151-A (KR)
Title: 증 폭 기
IPC: H03F1/26
Filed: 1984-03-12
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-850008439-A (KR)
Title: 발아식품의 장기안전 저장방법
IPC: A23B9/00
Filed: 1984-05-01
Abstract: 내용없음
Patent KR-850001802-A (KR)
Title: 박테리아에서 l-아미노산을 제조하는 방법
IPC: C12P13/22
Filed: 1984-08-14
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-850002898-A (KR)
Title: 전자 레인지
IPC: H05B6/72
Filed: 1984-09-19
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860003888-A (KR)
IPC: F16L9/08
Filed: 1985-05-18
Abstract: A plain concrete pipe having an evenly distributed steel wire reinforcement is disclosed, said pipe being suitable for water piping and the like; this pipe being reinforced with a reinforcement constituted by thin wires evenly distributed and arranged in a circumferential pattern and a longitudinal pattern; a method is also disclosed for the manufacture of the pipe on an industrial scale in an efficient and economical manner (figure 3).
Patent KR-860000779-A (KR)
Title: 색신호 처리장치
IPC: H04N9/83
Filed: 1985-06-07
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870000262-A (KR)
Title: 자연석을 주제로한 건축자재의 제조법
Filed: 1985-06-17
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860003663-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 집적회로 장치
IPC: H01L29/04
Filed: 1985-10-04
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870001596-A (KR)
Title: 반도체 기억장치
IPC: G11C11/407
Filed: 1986-01-13
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870005215-A (KR)
Title: 가스연료 토오치장치 및 연료공급 조절기
IPC: F23D14/38
Filed: 1986-01-31
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870007913-A (KR)
Title: 치환된 피리미딘 유도체의 제조방법
Filed: 1986-02-15
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870008957-A (KR)
Title: 폴리에스테르를 함유한 성형물질
IPC: C08L67/00
Filed: 1986-03-04
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-860009021-A (KR)
Title: 티에노(2,3-d) 이미다졸 유도체의 제조방법
IPC: A61P1/04
Filed: 1986-05-06
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-880000034-A (KR)
Title: 더덕을 원료로한 청량음료 더덕넥타 제조방법
Filed: 1986-06-17
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-880001794-A (KR)
Title: 대기오염방지 및 에너지 절약용 조성물
IPC: C10L1/12
Filed: 1986-07-16
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870001723-A (KR)
Title: 절환모드 변조기 회로를 갖춘 편향회로
IPC: H04N3/23
Filed: 1986-07-29
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-870002967-A (KR)
Title: 전주 씰과 그 장치 및 부착방법
IPC: B60R13/06
Filed: 1986-09-22
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-870008262-A (KR)
Title: 라스터동작 실행을 위한 영상변환회로
IPC: G06T11/20
Filed: 1986-09-25
Abstract: 내용 없음
Patent KR-880700056-A (KR)
IPC: A61K8/39
Filed: 1986-05-26
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AU85/00238 Sec. 371 Date May 23, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date May 23, 1986 PCT Filed Sep. 24, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/02090 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 10, 1986.Antiseptic cleansing compositions and in particular to those containing a water soluble salt of chlorhexidine (N,N'- bis (4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino 2,4,11,13-tetrazatetradecanediimidamide) as its active antibacterial ingredient. The present invention provides an antibacterial composition comprising from 0.1% w/v to 10.0% w/v of a water soluble salt of chlorhexidine, at least one nonionic surfactant and a diluent or carrier, wherein the weight ratio of the chlorhexidine salt to the nonionic surfactant and an inert diluent or carrier, wherein the weight ratio of the chlorhexidine salt to the nonionic surfactant is not more than 1:7.