baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent AT-402064-B (AT)
Title: Plant platform for maintenance and operating work
Inventor: HAWEL ADOLF
IPC: B66F7/00
Filed: 1993-03-23
Granted: 1997-01-27
Abstract: An adjustable-height plant platform 1 is described for cylindrical or square plant parts 2, such as containers, steam generators, gas purification plant or columns. The platform at least partially encloses the plant part 2, so that it is possible to move over connections to the plant part 2. The plant platform 1 has a drive of the climbing or hydraulic type, which is guided on the supports 3, the supports 3 also being designed as load bearing wall parts of the construction surrounding the plant part. The plant platform 1 replaces a multi-storey plant platform whose individual storeys can be reached via staircase or lift systems. <IMAGE>
Patent HU-186261-B (HU)
Inventor: LAZAR LASZLO
IPC: B67D1/04
Filed: 1983-02-28
Abstract: A találmány vegyszeradagoló, amely a kezelendő folyadékot tároló vagy vezető szervhez, mint tartályhoz, csőhöz stb. csatlakoztatható adagolófejjel rendelkezik 5 és adagolófejhez vegyszertartály kapcsolható. A találmány lényege, hogy az adagolófejnek pneumatikus közeget vezérlő szervvel és a vegyszertartállyal kapcsolatban álló, szakaszos adagolást biztosító felső tere és a felső térrel visszacsapószelep révén kapcsolat- 10 bán álló, a kezelendő folyadékot tároló vagy vezető tartályhoz, csőhöz kapcsolódó, a vegyszer folyamatos bejuttatását biztosító alsó tere van.  ) ábra 186261 -1-
Patent HU-202933-B (HU)
Title: Corrosion inhibitor composition containing quaterner ammonium-alkanoic acid anilide derivatives
Inventor: VASS ANDRAS
IPC: C23F11/10
Filed: 1988-02-12
Abstract: An inhibitor which contains 0.1-40 wt.% of an active quat.-ammonium-alkane-acid-anilide cpd. of general formula (I) lowers the corrosion rate of metals exposed to mineral acids. The prepn. also contains suitable base, nonionic surfactant and synergistic additives. In (I): X and Y are independently of each other hydrogen, halogen, methyl, ethyl-methoxy-, ethoxy-, or tri:-fluoro-methyl gps.; R1 is hydrogen atom, methyl gp. R2, R3 and R4 are independently methyl- ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, alkyl gp. Z is chloride, bromide, iodide atoms of a sulphate gp. where m = integer 1 or 2.
Patent HU-192675-B (HU)
Title: Flow change mechanism advantageously for hydraulic transporter of three feed chamber serving for transporting mixture of solid material granules and fluid
Inventor: HERBERTH ATTILA
IPC: B65G53/30
Filed: 1985-02-27
Abstract: 1. Method for conveying a mixture of granular solids and liquid hydraulically, during which chambers (35, 36, 37, 38) pressurized with filling pressure, feed pressure, emptying pressure and discharge pressure are connected by means of three dosing chambers (23a, 23b, 23c) of the hydraulically conveying machinery after equalization of the pressure in a manner such, that the chamber (35) pressurized with filling pressure is connected to the chamber (38) pressurized with discharge pressure, and the chamber (37) pressurized with emptying pressure is connected to the chamber (36) pressurized with feed pressure in a predetermined sequence, while a mixture pressurized with filling pressure is filled into the dosing chamber (23a, 23b, 23c), whereupon the mixture pressurized with emptying pressure is led further into the feed conduit (13), characterized in that the equalization of pressure between the dosing chambers (23a, 23b, 23c), the chamber (35) pressurized with filling pressure, the chamber (36) pressurized with feed pressure, the chamber (38) pressurized with discharge pressure, and the chamber (37) pressurized with emptying pressure, as well as between the connections between chamber (35) pressurized with filling pressure, the chamber (36) pressurized with feed pressure, the chamber (38) pressurized with discharge pressure, the chamber (27) pressurized with emptying pressure, as well as the dosing chambers (23a, 23b, 23c) is achieved by rotating one flow - reversing element (51, 52, 53, 54), respectively, in one direction only with various rotational speeds, which connects the chamber (35) pressurized with filling pressure, the chamber (36) pressurized with feed pressure, the chamber (37) pressurized with emptying pressure and the chamber (38) pressurized with discharge pressure, respectively, to one or more dosing chambers (23a, 23b, 23c) at the same time, respectively.
Patent LT-4548-B (LT)
Title: A connecting joint of a roller hydroinsulation to vertical constructions
Inventor: GAJAUSKAS JULIUS
IPC: E04B2/00
Filed: 1998-12-18
Abstract: This invention is designed for the construction industry and may be used for construction structures. The roll waterproofing knot connection to vertical structures is distinguished due to the roll waterproofing that is set into a special triangle shape channel cut in the vertical structure, where it is fastened and closed by a specific type of mortar.
Patent RS-51309-B (RS)
Inventor: HANSON DOUGLAS CHARLES
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1999-12-23
Abstract: Humano monoklonsko antitelo koje se vezuje za antigen 4 citotoksičnog T limfocita (CTLA-4),ili njegov fragment za vezivanje antigena, gde težak lanac sadrži aminokiselinsku sekvencu SEQ ID NO: 9 ili aminokiselinsku sekvencu koja je najmanje 90% identična sa njom i lak lanac sadrži aminokiselinsku sekvencu SEQ ID NO: 22 ili aminokiselinsku sekvencu koja je najmanje 90% identična sa njom,  i gde navedeno antitelo ili fragment ima sledeće osobine:a) afinitet vezivanja za CTLA-4 10-9 M ili veći;b) inhibira vezivanje CTLA-4 za B7-1 sa IC50 od 100 nM ili niže;c) inhibira vezivanje CTLA-4 za B7-2 sa IC50 od 100 nM ili niže;b) povećava proizvodnju citokina u humanoj T ćelijskoj analizi za 500 pg/ml ili više.Prijava sadrži još 18 patentnih zahteva.
Patent ZA-83721-B (ZA)
Title: The lining of pipelines or passageways
Inventor: ERIC WOOD
IPC: B29C63/36
Filed: 1983-02-03
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB83/00019 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 7, 1983 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 7, 1983 PCT Filed Jan. 31, 1983 PCT Pub. No. WO83/02748 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 18, 1983.The invention provides that a tubular lining, suitable comprising an inner felt layer soaked in curable synthetic resin, and an outer impermeable layer, so everted into a pipeline or passageway by means of a gaseous fluid medium which holds the lining against the passageway surface, a pull tape or card which is inside the lining and emerges from the everting face so that tension can be applied thereto, and a lubricating medium inside the everted portion to enable the inwardly travelling uneverted portion to slide over the previously everted portion.
Patent ZA-86319-B (ZA)
Title: Chemical compounds
Inventor: LEESON PAUL DAVID
IPC: C07C45/71
Filed: 1986-01-16
Abstract: Compounds of structure (I) 
<CHEM>
 in which, R<1> is -CH2CR<2>R<3>NR<4>R<5> or YCOR<6>; R<2> is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R<3> is hydrogen or -COR<6>; R<4> is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R<5> is hydrogen, C1-4alkyl or C1-4alkanoyl; R<6> is hydroxy, C1-4alkoxy, or -NR<4>R<5>; Y is a bond or C1-4alkylene; R<7> and R<8> are the same or different and are each hydrogen, halogen, C1-4alkyl, nitro or amino; X is oxygen, sulphur, or CH2; R<9> is hydroxy or a bioprecursor theri20; R<1><0> is hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; and Ar is 4-hydroxyphenyl, 5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl, 6-oxo-3(1H)-pyridyl or a 6-oxo-3(1H)-pyridazinyl group and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, processes for their preparation, intermediates useful in their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy as antihyperlipidaemic agents.
Patent AT-406485-B (AT)
Inventor: KEPPLINGER LEOPOLD WERNER DIPL
IPC: C21B13/14
Filed: 1995-10-10
Granted: 2000-05-25
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AT96/00191 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 10, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 10, 1997 PCT Filed Oct. 8, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/13880 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 17, 1997In a process for producing molten pig iron or liquid steel pre-products, from particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, the iron-oxide-containing material is prereduced in at least one prereduction stage (7) by aid of a reducing gas and subsequently is reduced to sponge iron in a final reduction stage (8), the sponge iron is melted in a meltdown-gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas, and a CO- and H2-containing reducing gas is produced which is introduced into the final reduction stage (8), is reacted there, is drawn off, subsequently is introduced into a prereduction stage (7), is reacted there, is drawn off, subjected to scrubbing and subsequently is carried off as an export gas and wherein at least a portion of the reacted reducing gas is purified from CO2, is heated and is used as a recycle-reducing gas for the reduction of the iron-oxide-containing material. To ensure reduction while avoiding the occurrence of "sticking", while also minimizing the amount of carbon carriers charged, a portion of the reducing gas flowing from the final reduction stage (8) into the prereduction stage (7) is branched off, washed, purified from CO2 and heated and subsequently is recycled to the final reduction stage (8) (FIG. 1).
Patent AT-376692-B (AT)
Inventor: REINMUELLER REINHARD DIPL-ING
IPC: F25D3/08
Filed: 1981-12-11
Granted: 1984-12-27
Abstract: 1. Flexible heat-insulating and heat-reflecting multilayer laminated material, characterised in that it is consecutively composed of the following layers connected with each other on their entire surfaces : - a flexible polyethylene layer having an area weight of from 20 to 60 g/m**2 (1g), - a foamed material layer having a thickness of from 2 to 5 mm (1f), - a connecting layer (1e) of polyethylene having an area weight of from 20 to 60 g/m**2 , - a reinforcement tissue of natural or synthetic fibres, such as cotton or polyolefine ribbons (1d), - a connecting layer (1c) of polyethylene having an area weight of from 20 to 60 g/m**2 , and - a covering layer of metallized flexible synthetic material, preferably of an aluminized polyester covering layer (1a) of from 10 to 20 g/m**2 with a thickness of the aluminium film (1b) in the range between 0.01 and 0.1 mu m, the metallized side of the covering layer facing the connecting layer (1c).
Patent DK-165638-B (DK)
Inventor: ANDERSSON PAUL HAAKAN
IPC: C07F3/00
Filed: 1986-03-25
Abstract: The invention refers to compounds having anti- inflammetory activity characterized by the formulaor a stereoisomeric component thereof, in which formula the 1,2-position is saturated or is a double bandX, is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromineX<sub>2</sub> is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromineR<sub>1</sub> is selected from hydrogen or a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain having 1-4 carbon atomsR<sub>2</sub> is selected from hydrogen or straight and branched hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms andR<sub>3</sub> is selected fromY is O or SR<sub>4</sub> is selected from hydrogen, straight or branched hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms or from phenylR<sub>5</sub> is selected from hydrogen or methyl andR<sub>6</sub> is selected from hydrogen, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group substituted by at least one halogen atom, a heterocyclic ring system containing 3-10 atoms in the ring system, -(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>m</sub> CH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> (m=0,1,2; n=2,3,4,5,6), phenyl or benzyl groups which are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl, nitro, carboxy, alkoxy, halogen, cyano, carbalkoxy or trifluoromethyl group(s), provided that when R<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen R<sub>1</sub> is methyl.The invention also refers to a process and intermediates for the preparation of these compounds, a pharmaceutical preparation containing one of the compounds and a method for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Patent DK-162901-B (DK)
Inventor: MASALIN HEIKKI
IPC: E03C1/182
Filed: 1984-12-21
Abstract: A pipe coupling with a water seal between the sinks of a draining board and the drain pipe (9), comprising a collecting pipe (4) having connected thereto one or a plurality of jointing pipes (3) for sink connecting tubes (2) and a water seal forming pipe element (7) as well as a jointing pipe (6) for said drain pipe (9). In order to facilitate the manufacture of a pipe coupling with a single mould and in a single working cycle, said collecting pipe (4), said jointing pipes (3, 6) and water seal (5,7) are designed as a single integral tubular unit, wherein the water seal comprises a straight pipe element (7), fitted with a partition (5) and extending downwards to provide a water seal compartment below the plane of said collecting pipe.
Patent FI-71866-B (FI)
Inventor: TIITOLA ANTTI-JUSSI
IPC: A43B13/18
Filed: 1985-09-10
Granted: 1986-11-28
Abstract: The invention concerns a sole structure of a sports shoe comprising a wearing sole (1) and an intermediate layer (2) and also a cushioning and supporting structure (3, 4, 5) between them. The mentioned cushioning and supporting structure comprises a flexible toe part (5) extending virtually form the tip of the shoe to the ball area of the foot, a resilient heel part (4) tapering wedgelike from the rear edge of the shoe towards the tip of the shoe and extending at least over the heel area as well as a body piece (3) fitted above the heel part (4) and extending virtually from the rear edge of the shoe to the ball area of the foot or to the zone (A) becoming against the heel and the arch.
Patent FI-88073-B (FI)
Inventor: EVRARD DANIEL ROGER JACQUES
IPC: F42B12/40
Filed: 1986-12-23
Granted: 1992-12-15
Abstract: A cartridge comprises a longitudinal tube having a transverse open end. A projectile is accommodated in and can slide longitudinally inside the tube. The projectile is ejected from the tube through the open end by sliding longitudinally relative to the tube. There is a pyrotechnic charge in the projectile. A device for securing delayed initiation of this charge comprises a fuse, a percussion member in the projectile movable between a retracted position in which it is removed from the fuse and a striking position in which it strikes the fuse, a device adapted to hold the percussion member temporarily in its retracted position and complementary mechanical devices on part of the projectile and part of the tube facing the path followed by this part of the projectile as it is ejected. The complementary mechanical devices impel the percussion member towards the striking position, overriding the temporary holding device, when the aforementioned part of the projectile passes across the aforementioned part of the tube during ejection of the projectile from the tube.
Patent FI-91577-B (FI)
Inventor: EDRIS ABDEL-ATY OSMAN MAHMOUD
IPC: H02J3/24
Filed: 1988-05-05
Granted: 1994-03-31
Abstract: This invention relates to a method by means of which a turbine generator (1, 2, 3) can be protected against subsynchronous frequencies occurring in an electric network which is connected to the turbine generator and which incorporates capacitors. The method is based on de-equalizing the subsynchronous natural frequencies of the three phases, so as to weaken the coherence of the frequencies. This is achieved by incorporating in each of two of the phases a respective inductance L of mutually different size and by changing the capacitance equivalently with a series capacitance C such as to fulfill the condition 1/LC =  omega 2_o, where  omega o is the network frequency.
Patent FI-80163-B (FI)
Title: Helix resonator
Inventor: KUOKKANEN LAURI
IPC: H01P/
Filed: 1988-09-30
Granted: 1989-12-29
Abstract: The invention concerns a helix resonator, which includes a guiding structure (1) wound by a metal thread (3), principally in the form of a cylindrical coil, which is fixed to a circuit plate (2) and surrounded by a metallic or metal casing. In order for the resonator to be produced more easily than before and for its structure to be able to guarantee easier temperature compensation, the coil axis (A) has been laid essentially parallel to the circuit plate (2), and at least one of the winding turns on the coil has a protruding piece (4) which rests against the circuit plate structure.<IMAGE>
Patent FI-94251-B (FI)
Inventor: PETERSEN UWE
IPC: A23K20/195
Filed: 1989-07-13
Granted: 1995-04-28
Abstract: 7-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid and 7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridin-3-carboxylic derivs. of formula (I), their hydrates, acid addition salts, as well as their alkali metal, alkaline earth, silver and guanidinium salts are new; X<1> = halo; X<2> = H, NH2, 1-4C alkylamino, di(1-3C alkyl)amino, OH, 1-4C alkoxy, SH, 1-4C alkylthio, arylthio or halo; R<1> = 1-4C alkyl, 2-4C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, OMe, NH2, MeNH, EtNH or Me2N; or is Ph (opt. mono- or disubstd. by F); R<2> = H, 1-4C alkyl or (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl; R<3> = a gp. of formula (a): R<4> = 1-4C alkyl, aryl or 1-4C acyl; R<5> = H, 1-4C alkyl, OH or OMe; R<6> = H, 1-4C alkyl (opt. substd. by OH), aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, 1-4C alkoxycarbonyl, 1-4C acyl, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl or 3-6C cycloalkyl; R<7> = H or 1-4C alkyl; R',R'' = H, Me or Ph; R''' = H or Me; Y = O, CH2, CH2CH2 or CH2O (where the bond to N may be via C as well as O); (Note: Y is not otherwise defined in claim 1). Z = O or S; A = N or CR<8>; R<8> = H, halo, Me, CN, NO2 or OH, or R<8>+R<1> = a bridge of type (b)-(d): Cpds. of formula (e) are excluded; R1 = 1-4C alkyl; R2,R3 = H or 1-4C alkyl; R4 = cyclopropyl, Ph, halophenyl, thienyl, opt. substd. by 1-4C alkyl or halo; R5 = halo. Also claimed is the S,S-configuration of a cpd. of formula (f) and its salts:A = CCl, CF or COMe.
Patent FI-91490-B (FI)
Inventor: DWIVEDI RATNESH KUMAR
IPC: C04B41/88
Filed: 1989-10-17
Granted: 1994-03-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for forming metal matrix composite bodies. Particularly, a permeable mass of filler material is formed into a preform (3). The preform material (3) can then be placed onto the surface of or into a matrix metal alloy (4), whereupon the matrix metal alloy (4) spontaneously infiltrates the preform (3). After substantial complete infiltration of the preform (3), the preform (3) begins to at least partially sink into the matrix metal alloy supply. The matrix metal (4) which has infiltrated the preform (3) is then allowed to cool, thus forming a metal matrix composite body (6).
Patent FI-102179-B (FI)
Inventor: MCCOY KEVIN MICHAEL
IPC: C07K14/575
Filed: 1989-12-15
Granted: 1998-10-30
Abstract: A method for solubilization and naturation of somatotropin using an aqueous alkaline solution results in lower dimer formation and eliminates denaturants and separate renaturation steps and agents.
Patent FI-92701-B (FI)
Inventor: GLAMKOWSKI EDWARD J
IPC: A61K31/55
Filed: 1990-11-01
Granted: 1994-09-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I, <CHEM> where X is hydrogen, halogen or loweralkyl; and R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, loweralkyl, cycloalkyl, arylloweralkyl or aryl, or alternatively the group -NR2R3 taken as a whole constitutes <CHEM> R4 being hydrogen or loweralkyl and a process for their preparation. The compounds of the invention show central cholinergic innervative properties for treating various memory dysfunctions and can, therefore, be used as medicaments.
Patent FI-94715-B (FI)
Inventor: ARHOLA VILHO
IPC: A23K50/20
Filed: 1991-01-28
Granted: 1995-07-14
Abstract: The invention relates to a food supplement containing calcium, magnesium, silicon, boron and vitamins A, D and C. The mixture can be used to strengthen bone, cartilage, the synovial membrane and mucous membranes, and to improve metabolism, particularly in trotting horses.
Patent FI-112478-B (FI)
Inventor: HOLTON ROBERT A
IPC: A61K31/335
Filed: 1992-09-21
Granted: 2003-12-15
Abstract: A taxane derivative of the formula <CHEM>  wherein     R<5> is phenyl or substituted phenyl,     R<7> is CH<7>O-, or CH<7>CH<6>O-,     Z is -OT<5>,     T<5> is hydrogen, hydroxyl protecting group, or -COT<6>, T<6> is H, C<5>-C1/4  alkyl, C<5>-C1/4  alkenyl, C<5>-C1/4  alkynyl or monocylic aryl,     Ac is acetyl, and E<5> and E<6> are independently selected from hydrogen and functional groups which increase the water solubility of the taxane derivative are useful as antitumor agents.
Patent FI-108985-B (FI)
Inventor: KESKI-HEIKKILAE MIKA
IPC: G01S5/14
Filed: 1996-12-05
Granted: 2002-04-30
Abstract: The invention is utilized for calculation of continuous location information of a digital cellular phone or any other location device based on the cellular phone in the transmitter itself in the same way, as the GPS-location system (Global Positioning System) terminal device is used. According to the invention it is received from the cellular phone system a location information for the base station, which information is obtainable also in inner spaces and in corresponding closed spaces, and the location is determined by the location device integrated to the mobile station. The location device integrated to the mobile station and utilizing the mobile station network does not influence significantly the readiness times of the present cellular phones.
Patent HU-200151-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing 1,1,1-grifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in presence of catalyst
Inventor: CARMELLO DIEGO
IPC: B01J27/13
Filed: 1988-03-09
Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane by hydrofluorination, in the gas phase, of perchloroethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising chromium oxides supported on AlF3 in the gamma and/or beta form.
Patent HU-183153-B (HU)
Title: Process for preparing benzoxazolone
Inventor: ROUY NOEL
IPC: C07D263/58
Filed: 1980-06-19
Abstract: Benzoxazolone is prepared by reacting salicylamide with an alkali metal hypochlorite in an aqueous reaction medium comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, the alkali metals comprising said hypochlorite and said hydroxide necessarily including both sodium ions and potassium ions.
Patent HU-201671-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing active ingredient mixture and pharmaceutical compositions comprising unsaturated fatty acids necessary for the synthesis of prostaglandins and hydroxy fatty acids in biological systems
Inventor: WEIHMANN KLAUS ULRICH
IPC: A61K47/00
Filed: 1987-05-08
Abstract: These preparations are used for producing medicaments which are suitable for remedying prostaglandin deficiencies in humans and animals, for example curing or preventing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Patent HU-186715-B (HU)
Inventor: GULYAS TIBOR
IPC: F16L58/10
Filed: 1983-06-20
Abstract: A találmány tárgya berendezés különösen hőcserélő csőköteg fémcsövei belső felületének műanyag fóliával történő bevonására. Az 1. ábrán látható találmány szerinti berendezésnek az egyik végén zárt, a másik végén külső menetes csőben végződő munkatere (1), ahhoz csatlakozó, sűrített levegő bevezetésére és adagolására szolgáló szelepe (8) és csonkja (9), ugyancsak a munkatérhez (1) csatlakozó, annak nyomását jelző nyomásmérője (10), a fóliacső (13) tárolására és adagolására szolgáló, hermetikusan lezárható tárolódobja (2), továbbá a munkatér (1) menetes csővégződéséhez (15) csatlakozó, csőalakú munkafeltétje (5) van.  Ί. obra -1-
Patent HU-212467-B (HU)
Title: Plastic tube ore tube-unit constructed with multilayer wall
Inventor: BORTH RAINER
IPC: F16L9/21
Filed: 1989-05-08
Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic pipe or pipe fitting having a multilayer pipe body. According to the invention, provision is made that, to improve the noise insulation, the pipe body has a sleeve pipe (1) and a medium-carrying pipe (2), preferably having different flexural strengths, between which an interlining (3) possibly subdivided by one or more intermediate layers (4) is enclosed. <IMAGE>