baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20030057700-A (KR)
Title: Method for fabricating semiconductor device with double fuse layer
Inventor: JANG HEON YONG
IPC: H01L21/82
Filed: 2001-12-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided to be capable of improving repair selecting efficiency by forming dual fuse structure in a small area. CONSTITUTION: The first interlayer dielectric(112) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(110). The first fuse layer(113) is formed on the first interlayer dielectric(112) corresponding to a desired cell address. The second interlayer dielectric(114) is formed on the first fuse layer(113). The second fuse layer(115) is formed on the second interlayer dielectric corresponding to a lower cell address. The first and second fuse layer(113,115) are one selected from group consisting of a metal line, a word line and a bit line.
Patent KR-20010074669-A (KR)
IPC: B24B7/18
Filed: 1999-07-06
Abstract: A mobile surfacing machine includes a frame to which a planetary head is rotatably mounted, at least one satellite head rotatably mounted within the planetary head, the at least one satellite head being adapted for grinding a surface, a first drive mechanism for driving the planetary head and a second drive mechanism for driving the at least one satellite head, wherein the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism are independently operable.
Patent KR-20010079509-A (KR)
Title: Improved method for forming conductive traces and printed circuits made therby
IPC: H05K3/18
Filed: 1999-07-09
Abstract: A method of forming circuit lines on a substrate by applying a roughened conductive metal layer using a copper foil carrier. The copper foil is etched away, leaving the roughened conductive metal embedded in the surface of the substrate. The conductive metal may be treated to remove an oxide layer. A photoresist may also be applied over the treated conductive metal layer to define a fine line circuit pattern. The photoresist defining the fine line circuit pattern is then removed to expose trenches in accordance with the desired circuit pattern. Copper is applied into the trenches over the exposed conductive metal, and the remaining photoresist, and conductive metal underlying the remaining photoresist, is removed to finish the fine line circuit pattern.
Patent KR-20010053611-A (KR)
Title: 방사율에 독립적인 온도 측정값을 캘리브레이팅하기 위한방법 및 장치
IPC: G01J5/06
Filed: 1999-07-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 하나 이상의 기판에 의해 방출되는 하나의 열 방사를 측정하기 위해 하나 이상의 제 1방사 탐지기를 사용하여 수행되는 온도 측정값을 캘리브레이팅하기 위한 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.  상기한 방법은 공지된 용융점을 갖는 하나 이상의 기준 물질을 포함하는 기준 기판을 가열하는 단계, 상기 가열 단계 동안 및/또는 가열 단계 이후의 냉각 기간 동안 기준 기판의 열 방사를 측정하는 단계, 및 측정 단계 동안 발생된 측정 플래토를 공지된 용융점과 비교하는 단계를 포함한다.  또한, 본 발명에 따른 방법을 수행하기 위한 장치가 개시된다.
Patent KR-20020001704-A (KR)
Title: 장치 판별 시스템
IPC: G01F15/00
Filed: 1999-09-10
Abstract: 본 발명의 장치 판별 시스템은 복수의 장치에 가스를 공급하는 유동 경로와; 초음파가 유동 경로를 통해 전파하는 시간에 기초하여 전파 신호를 측정하는 초음파 전파 신호 측정부와; 전파 신호의 변화에 기초하여 신호 패턴을 발생하는 신호 패턴 발생부와; 복수의 장치에 각각 대응하는 복수의 신호 패턴을 사전에 기억하는 신호 패턴 기억부와; 신호 패턴 발생부에 의해 발생된 신호 패턴과 신호 패턴 기억부에 사전에 기억된 복수의 신호 패턴을 비교하는 신호 패턴 비교부와; 신호 패턴 비교부에 의해 얻어진 비교 결과에 따라서 복수의 장치 중 현재 사용되는 장치를 판별하는 장치 판별부를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010073166-A (KR)
Title: 향상된 전해액을 갖는 가역성 전기 화학적 거울
IPC: G02F1/155
Filed: 2000-06-20
Abstract: 가역성 전기 화학적 거울(REM)은 제1 전극(106) 및 제2 전극(110)을 포함하며, 상기 제1 전극과 제2 전극 중 하나의 전극은 전자기파 스펙트럼의 적어도 일부에 실질적으로 투명하다. 상기 제1 전극과 제2 전극 사이에 배치되는 전해액(112)은 상기 전극들 상에 전착될 수 있는 금속의 이온들(116)을 포함한다. 또한 상기 전해액은 상기 전착 가능한 금속에 비하여 적어도 6:1의 총 몰농도비를 갖는 할로겐화물/유사할로겐화물 음이온들을 포함한다. 상기 제1 전극에 인가되는 음전위는 거울 침착물을 형성하기 위하여, 침착된 금속이 상기 제2 전극으로부터 상기 전해액 내로 용해되도록, 그리고 상기 전해액으로부터 상기 제1 전극 상에 전착되도록 함으로써, 전자기파에 대한 상기 REM 장치의 반사율에 영향을 미친다. 상기 제1 전극에 인가되는 양전위는 침착된 금속이 상기 제1 전극으로부터 상기 전해액 내로 용해되도록, 그리고 상기 전해액으로부터 상기 제2 전극 상에 전착되도록 함으로써, 상기 REM 거울의 반사율을 감소시킨다. 보통 균일한 응집을 보장하여 고반사율을 갖는 거울 전착물을 획득하기 위하여 상기 제1 전극에 표면 변형층(108)을 적용할 필요가 있다. 상기 전해액에서 할로겐화물/유사할로겐화물 음이온들 대 전착 가능한 금속 이온들의 높은 몰농도비는 실제 적용에 필요한 고유 전해액 안정성, 고품질 침착물, 양호한 침착물 소거 및 긴 사이클 수명을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20010099673-A (KR)
Title: An electroacoustic communications unit
IPC: H04R1/22
Filed: 1999-10-04
Abstract: An electroacoutic communications unit with a receiver transducer in a housing. The communications unit has accoustic connections both from the front side of the diaphragm of the transducer and from its rear side to the area inwardly of the face of the unit for engagement with a user's ear as well as to the area outwardly of this engagement face. These four acoustic connections constitute the four branches of an acoustic balance bridge with the transducer as a generator. This configuration is particularly expedient, as it is hereby possible to reduce the inner air volume in the communications unit behind the diaphragm of the transducer to a size which is without importance for the size of the telephone in practice. Furthermore, variations in the degree of tightness of the engagement of the communications unit with the user's ear will only influence the frequency characteristic to a very limited degree.
Patent KR-20010090805-A (KR)
IPC: A61N5/06
Filed: 2000-03-28
Abstract: 본 발명에 따른 치료용 레이저 장치(10)는 제어기(210) 및 방사선 조사기(155)에 광섬유 케이블(135, 140)을 통해서 연결된 적어도 2개의 원드(125, 130)를 포함하고 있다. 제어기(210) 및 조사기는 적어도 2개의 적외 파장 고체 상태 다이오드(solid-state diode; SSD) 레이저(165), 및 적어도 2개의 가시 파장 SSD 조준용 레이저(170)를 포함하고 있다. 본 발명의 장치는 또한 가시광선 SSD 조준용 레이저(170)와 일치하는 적외 SSD 레이저(165)로부터의 전자 방사선을 결합시키도록 구성된 콤바이너(195)를 포함하고 있다. 본 발명에 따른 방법에서, 가시광선 SSD 조준용 레이저(170)를 포인터(pointer)로서 사용함으로써, 시술자는 포유류의 피부에 근접하게 원드(125, 130)를 위치시킬 수 있고, 이에 의해 처치용 적외 레이저(127, 132)의 빔들이 포유류의 몸 내부의 부위(B)에서 교차한다.
Patent KR-20010089447-A (KR)
Title: Multi-reference, high-accuracy switching amplifier
IPC: H03F3/30
Filed: 1999-11-12
Abstract: A switching amplifier employs a plurality of independent output stages in a bridged configuration, with each output stage presenting the product of an independent duty cycle and two or more static of dynamic reference voltages, currents or powers to a single terminal of a common output load. A plurality of electrically controlled switches (207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212) interconnect the references to the load (218), with a waveform generator (220) controlling the switches for a coarse and fine control of power to the load. The waveform generator preferably uses pulse-code modulation (PCM), though the invention is not limited in this regard, and is applicable to any modulation scheme or waveform suitable to sequence the electrically controlled switches. The load is preferably filtered on either side, and return paths for the power supplies (i.e., ground) are connected through separate switches to the load through the filters (213, 214, 215, 216, 217). The amplifier may be used for audio or other applications benefitting from the design.
Patent KR-20010082302-A (KR)
IPC: C07C51/12
Filed: 1999-12-07
Abstract: 메탄올의 촉매 카보닐화에 의해 초산을 제조하기 위한 공정 제어 방법 및, 이런 공정 제어 방법을 이용하여 초산을 제조하기 위한 공정이 제공된다. 이런 공정 제어 방법은 각종 반응기 성분 농도, 특히, 적외선 분석기에 의해 활성 촉매 종, 요오드화 메틸, 물 및 메틸 아세테이트를 측정하는 단계 및, 여기에 응답하여 초산 반응을 최적화하도록 적어도 촉매 종, 요오드화 메틸 및 물의 농도를 조정하는 단계를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010090865-A (KR)
Title: Interface patch clamping
IPC: C12Q1/02
Filed: 1999-12-06
Abstract: The invention provides a novel development of the conventional patch clamp technique for measurement of whole cell electrical activity. The invention provides for one or more cell or cells to be suspended in a liquid medium at a liquid/air interface (by virtue of the effect of surface tension at the interface) whereby the cell or cells are accessible at the interface to a microstructure electrode (such as a pipette tip) to which a cell can attach to form an electrical seal, for the purpose of whole cell voltage clamp recording. According to the invention the electrode can be caused to form a high resistance electrical seal with a cell suspended in the liquid at the liquid/air interface without the need to press the cell against a solid support surface. The invention also provides apparatus for carrying out the interface patch clamp technique and control logic for operating a computer to carry out the interface patch clamp technique.
Patent KR-20010101448-A (KR)
IPC: B32B7/02
Filed: 1999-05-12
Abstract: 본 발명의 재귀 반사 시트형 재료(10)는 입방체 코너 공동(22)을 형성하는 홈 가공면(18)이 있는 구조화된 표면(14)이 마련되어 있는 본체층(12)을 포함한다.  반사성 필름(24)이 적어도 홈 가공면(18)에 배치되고, 충전재(26)가 상기 입방체 코너 공동(22)을 채운다.  충전재(26)는 복사 경화성 재료, 접착제, 또는 둘 모두를 포함하고, 바람직하게는 투명한 복사 경화성 감압성 접착제를 포함한다.  충전재(26)는 홈 가공면(18) 및 구조화된 표면(20)의 상측부 모두를 덮는 연속적인 층을 형성하는 것이 바람직하다.  투명 덮개층(16)은 상기 충전재 층과 접촉하는 것이 바람직하다.
Patent KR-20010105331-A (KR)
Title: Baff, related blocking agents and their use in the stimulation and inhibition of b-cells and immunoglobulins in immune responses
IPC: A61K31/44
Filed: 2000-01-25
Abstract: Stimulating B-cell growth, immunoglobulin production, or dendritic cell-induced B-cell growth and maturation, or co-stimulating B-cell growth and immunoglobulin production, comprising administering a composition containing the tumor necrosis factor family B cell activating factor (BAFF) or its active fragment, and optionally an anti-Micro antibody, a CD40 ligand or an anti-CD40 ligand, is new. An independent claim is also included for a method of inhibiting B-cell growth, immunoglobulin production, or dendritic cell-induced B-cell growth, or co-inhibiting B-cell growth and immunoglobulin production, comprising administering an anti-BAFF ligand molecule, a recombinant, inoperative BAFF ligand molecule, an antibody specific for BAFF ligand, active fragments of the molecules, or an antibody specific for BAFF ligand receptor, or an epitope of it. ACTIVITY : Immunosuppressive; virucide; antiinflammatory; hypotensive; nephrotropic; cardiant; cytostatic. No biological data is given. MECHANISM OF ACTION : B-cell growth and/or immunoglobulin production stimulators or inhibitors.
Patent KR-20010108410-A (KR)
IPC: B65G49/07
Filed: 2000-03-06
Abstract: 두 대의 FOUP는 스택되어 있고, 수평적 액츄레이터에 의해 장치 벽을 향해 일체로 이동한다.  FOUP 도어는 수평적 액츄에이터에 의해 일체로 후퇴되고, 수직적 액츄에이터에 의해 일체로 아래로 이동하여 두 대의 FOUP 내부로 접근이 제공된다.
Patent KR-20020019109-A (KR)
Title: Robot pre-positioning in a wafer processing system
IPC: H01L21/677
Filed: 2000-06-23
Abstract: A wafer cluster tool is described which operates in a regular, periodic fashion. Embodiments of the invention have a periodicity of one sending period. The invention enables the determination of pick-up times for process chambers in the cluster tool, and embodiments of the invention allow the creation and maintenance of an updated timetable. The timetable indicates times when each of the process chambers is to be serviced. These values are updated as the process chambers receive new wafers. Robots in the cluster tool may pre-position themselves in front of modules, or process chambers, to be served. Robot pre-positioning eliminates the wait time of individual modules beyond queue times which have been pre-determined for the modules. This renders the path of the individual robots pre-deterministic, and enables the cluster tool to utilize single gripper robots.
Patent KR-20020057820-A (KR)
Inventor: MORIBE TAKAYUKI
IPC: B01D61/58
Filed: 2002-01-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: To highly remove particularly silica and boron in the treatment with an electrodeionization apparatus. CONSTITUTION: This electrodeionization apparatus is provided with an anode compartment 17 having an anode 11, a cathode compartment 18 having a cathode 12, and a plurality of a concentrating compartments 15 and a plurality of desalting compartments 16, which are alternately formed by alternately arranging a plurality of anion exchange membranes 13 and a plurality of cation exchange membranes 14 between the anode compartment 17 and the cathode compartment 18, the desalting compartments 16 are filled with an ion exchange body, the concentrating compartments 15 are filled with an ion exchange body, activated carbon or an electric conductive body. Deionized water is taken out by passing electrolytic water respectively to the anode compartment 17 and the cathode compartment 18, passing concentrated water to the concentrating compartment 15 and passing raw water to the desalting compartment 16. Water having the concentration of silica or boron, which is lower than that of raw water, is passed into the concentrating compartment 16 as the concentrated water in the direction from the deionizated water take out side toward the raw water flow-in side and at least a part of the concentrated water flowing out from the concentrating compartment 15 is discharged to outside the system.
Patent KR-20030060374-A (KR)
Title: Method and Tube for fixing components of Dense Wavelength Division Multipluxer filter
Inventor: CHO HAN DAE
IPC: G02B5/20
Filed: 2002-01-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fixing tube and method of for fixing element of high density wavelength division multiplexing filter are provided to relieve a shock of a DWDM filter from an outside by efficiently performing a soldering with an epoxy resin. CONSTITUTION: A dual collimator(20) is combined with a thin film filter(40) using an epoxy resin. The thin film filter(40) transmits only wavelength necessary in an optical signal and reflects a remaining wavelength. The dual collimator(20) inputs and outputs the optical signal. A single collimator(30) is connected to the dual collimator(20) by a fixing tube(10). The single collimator(30) outputs an extracted optical signal. In order to accelerate a hardening of the epoxy resin used for the connection between the dual collimator(20) and the thin film filter(40), nitrogen gas is injected into the fixing tube(10). A glass(24) and a metal(26) enclose an outside of the dual collimator(20) to relieve an external shock. A GRIN lens(28) refracts the optical signal.
Patent KR-20030064575-A (KR)
Title: Antifungal compound and its composition containing cinnamic aldehyde.
Inventor: BALASVBRAMANIAN RAMAKRISHNAN
IPC: A01N65/24
Filed: 2002-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is cinnamic aldehyde, main component of cinnamomum cassia extracts, which has fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum orbiculare and keeps freshness in fruits. CONSTITUTION: The fungicide composition such as a fungicide formulation or freshness preservative comprises 0.0001-10 dry wt.% of cinnamic aldehyde represented by formula (1) and also an additive for crops for treating and preventing Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum orbiculare.
Patent KR-20030073774-A (KR)
Title: Tension and paving length measuring device for cable
Inventor: PARK BONG SOO
IPC: G01L5/10
Filed: 2002-03-13
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for measuring tension and burying distance of a cable is provided to allow a worker to monitor tension and burying distance of the cable in real time even if the worker is located remote from the cable. CONSTITUTION: A tension and burying distance measuring apparatus for a cable includes an operator section(70), an A/D converter(40), a counter section(50), and an LCD(80). The operator section(70) sets tension and burying distance of a cable as a power switch and a start switch(20) are sequentially operated. The A/D converter(40) converts an electric signal generated from a load cell(15) into a digital signal. The load cell(15) measures tension of the cable. The counter section(50) counts the digital signals generated from an encoder(13) measuring a burying distance of the cable.
Patent KR-20020073427-A (KR)
Title: Screw
Inventor: BIEDERMANN LUTZ
IPC: A61B17/58
Filed: 2002-03-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: An element to be used in spinal column or accident surgery for connecting to a rod is provided, which has the advantage that the action of force between the exposed legs and the inner thread happens in such a way that the open ends of the holding element are not pressed outward, but instead are drawn inwards, so an intensive connection takes place between the cooperating elements. CONSTITUTION: In the element with a thread, both partial flanks enclose a negative angle with a plane extending perpendicular to the screw axis. A screw or a hook for connecting to a rod, as used in particular in spinal column surgery is provided, wherein the inner thread of a holder, to which the rod is connected, and the associated thread of a nut comprises the thread.
Patent KR-20030075301-A (KR)
Title: Optical tunable microwave filter using higher mode
Inventor: CHOI U YEONG
IPC: G02B6/14
Filed: 2002-03-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical synchronous microwave filter using a higher order mode is provided to form various delay lines from one short distributive compensating optical fiber by using two mode converters. CONSTITUTION: An optical synchronous microwave filter using a higher order mode includes a laser diode(10), a modulator(20), the first mode converter(30), the second mode converter(30'), and a receiver(40). The laser diode(10) is used for generating a carrier signal. The modulator(20) is used for modulating an output signal of the laser diode(10). The first mode converter(30) is used for distributing the power of the modulated signal of the modulator(20) into two modes. The second mode converter(30') is used for converting the modes to one mode. The receiver(40) is used for receiving the converted signal of the second mode converter(30').
Patent KR-20030077849-A (KR)
Title: Location tracing apparatus and method for mobile terminal
Inventor: AHN GWANG JIN
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2002-03-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for tracking the position of an MS(Mobile Station) are provided to calculate distance on the basis of the delay of a time in which a radio wave from the MS is received in a base station, and grasp the position of the MS. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of MSs(31-33) transmit signals including their ID information in a uniform interval. A plurality of base stations(41-43) calculate distance to the MSs(31-33) on the basis of the delay of a time inquired for receiving ID information of the MSs(31-33). A BSC(Base Station Controller)(51) tracks the position of each MS(31-33), using distance information of each MS(31-33), which is transmitted from a plurality of the base stations(41-43).
Patent KR-20030078239-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JAE GI
IPC: H01S3/095
Filed: 2002-03-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A deuterium fluoride chemical laser is provided to be capable of easily controlling the pressure difference between monoatomic fluorine and deuterium, and securing the easiness of fabrication. CONSTITUTION: A deuterium fluoride chemical laser is provided with a monoatomic fluorine generator having a fluorine oxidizing agent supply port and a fuel supply port, a laser beam generator having a deuterium supply port, connected with the monoatomic fluorine generator for forming an oscillation region, the first direction expansion nozzle for increasing the travel speed of the monoatomic fluorine flowed into the oscillation region, a deuterium supply pipe(11) installed through the first direction expansion nozzle, a deuterium jet pipe(30) prolonged from the deuterium supply pipe toward the wall of a supersonic expansion part(12), a deuterium jet port(9) formed at one end of the deuterium jet pipe, and an optic resonator installed at one side of the laser beam generator for generating laser beam from the active medium of deuterium fluoride. At this time, the deuterium jet pipe is shaped into a linear type structure.
Patent KR-20030079185-A (KR)
Title: Processing method and its Application of Medicine for Treating Mastitis of Expectant and Dairycow Using Dandelion Extract
Inventor: JUNG SEOUNG KI
IPC: A61K36/288
Filed: 2002-04-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for manufacturing a therapeutic agent for mastitis in pregnant women and nursing mothers as well as milch cows using an extract of Taraxacum officinale Web. The extract of Taraxacum officinale Web. has high antibacterial activity. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a therapeutic agent for mastitis in pregnant women and nursing mothers is characterized b the steps of; dipping Taraxacum officinale Web. in boiling water at 95-100 deg.C for 7 hours and followed by filtration; re-extracting the Taraxacum officinale Web. by dipping it in 25-30% ammonia solution for 7-10 days, and followed by separation of tinture from the extract; and mixing the filtrate and the tinture to pH 10.
Patent KR-20030083431-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for compressing card-number-data lists
Inventor: MUN BYEONG RYONG
IPC: G06K17/00
Filed: 2002-04-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A card number compression method and system is provided to compress a black list, coomposed of credit or traffic card numbers of lost or uncreditable cards, and to store the compressed black list at a payment terminal so that it can reduce a transmission speed and a storage memory size of the payment terminal. CONSTITUTION: The method includes receiving black lists from plural card companies, compressing the black lists, and transmitting the compressed file to payment terminals. The structure of the compressed file comprises a data setting area(1) and a data storage area(2). The data setting area(1) includes BIN(Banking Identification Number) fields(11, 11', ...), data storage area size fields(12, 12', ...), and offset value storage fields(13, 13', ...). The data storage area size fields(12, 12', ...) store the size data of each BIN. The offset value storage fields(13, 13', ...) store the offset values between the start addresses of each BIN data field(22, 22', ...) and the start address of the data storage area(2).
Patent KR-20020082781-A (KR)
Inventor: IIJIMA KATSUYUKI
IPC: G03F7/32
Filed: 2002-04-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A process for drying an object having a microstructure and the object obtained by the same are provided to be capable of preventing the swell of a pattern when drying the microstructure after the development with liquefied or supercritical carbon dioxide. CONSTITUTION: A microstructure is brought into contact with liquefied carbon dioxide or supercritical carbon dioxide while the surface of the microstructure being covered with a fluorocarbon type solvent. When using a water-containing solvent in a cleaning step, water is substituted for a water draining liquid, and then the water draining liquid is substituted for the fluorocarbon type solvent, enabling steps up to the drying step to be smoothly conducted, thereby preventing the collapse or swell of a photoresist pattern.
Patent KR-20030015120-A (KR)
Inventor: STROBEL RICHARD W
IPC: C23C30/00
Filed: 2002-05-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: Tin-silver coatings to be applied to substrate materials used in electrical and electronic applications, such as in automotive connectors, and a method of applying a tin-silver coating to the substrate materials are provided. CONSTITUTION: The coating is characterized in that it is applied to an electrically conductive material having a melting point greater than 225 deg.C, wherein the coating consisting of more than 1,0 wt% to 20 wt% silver and the balance essentially tin, wherein the silver content in the coating is in the range of from 2,0 wt% to 15 wt%, wherein the silver content in the coating is in the range of from 3,0 wt% to 10 wt%, wherein a hardness is in the range of from 0.32 to 0.41 GPa, the coating is a non-electroplated coating, wherein the coating consists of more than 1,0 wt% to 20 wt% silver, optionally an affective amount up to 5.0 wt% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of bismuth, silicon, copper, magnesium, iron, nickel, manganese, zinc, antimony, and the balance essentially tin, and wherein the at least one element is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 wt% to an amount which does not cause the formation of deleterious oxides. The process for coating a substrate material comprises the steps of providing a substrate material to be coated; preparing a bath consisting of more than 1.0 wt% to 20 wt% silver and the balance essentially tin; and immersing the substrate material in the bath to form a coating layer on the substrate material, which coating layer consists of more than 1.0 wt% to 20 wt% silver.