baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-825602-A (GB)
Title: Process for the dehydrogenation of alcohols
Filed: 1956-02-08
Abstract: A catalyst for the dehydrogenation of saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary and secondary alcohols containing 2-6 carbon atoms consists of a carrier, copper and at least 0.1% by weight of an alkali metal oxide (referred to the total quantity of copper and alkali metal calculated as cuprous oxide and alkali metal oxide), the copper content having been obtained by heating copper tetramine complexes followed by subsequent heating with hydrogen and consisting of reduced copper with small amounts of unreduced copper oxide.  The catalyst may additionally contain 0.5-3% by weight of chromium and/or chromium oxide, the alkali metal oxide being present in an amount from double to six times the molar quantity of chromium oxide or chromium calculated as chromium oxide or the chromium content may be partially or wholly replaced by bivalent zinc calculated as zinc oxide.  Suitable copper tetramine complexes are obtained by reacting copper carbonate, acetate, formate, nitrate or hydroxide with ammonia. Suitable carriers are, for example, pumice and diatomaceous earth.ALSO:Aldehydes and ketones are prepared by dehydrogenating saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic primary or secondary alcohols containing 2-6 carbon atoms at temperatures of from 250 DEG  to 380 DEG  C. in the presence of a catalyst applied on to a carrier, comprising reduced copper containing small amounts of unreduced copper oxide and alkali metal oxide, the catalyst having been obtained by heating a copper tetramine complex followed by subsequent heating with hydrogen and containing at least 0.1% by weight of alkali metal oxide referred to the total quantity of copper and alkali metal content calculated as cuprous oxide and alkali metal oxide.  If desired, small amounts of chromium and/or zinc may also be present in the catalyst.  Examples are given of the dehydrogenation of (a) ethanol to give acetaldehyde, (b) isopropanol to give acetone, (c) secondary butyl alcohol to give methyl ethyl ketone, and (d) n-butyl alcohol to give n-butyraldehyde.
Patent GB-694894-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the analysis of the refractive index of solutions
IPC: G01N21/45
Filed: 1951-02-19
Abstract: 694,894. Refractometers. LKB PRODUKTER FABRIKS AKTIEBOLAG. Feb. 19, 1951 [Feb. 22, 1950], No. 3987/51. Class 97 (i). Apparatus for the analysis of the distribution of refractive index in stratified solutions consists of a combination of an interferometric arrangement for recording the refractive index as a function of the position in a cell and an arrangement for recording the first derivative of the refractive index with respect to the independent variable used, is characterized by illuminating means, a lens system and a cell common to both arrangements so that the light beams of each arrangement reach a common image plane for recording on the same photographic plate. The derivative is obtained by the Schliern scanning method or by the cross-slits method. In the arrangement shown in plan in Fig. 1 for determining the refractive index distribution by a Rayligh interferometer and the derivative by the crossed-slit method the diaphragm A contains a horizontal slit as shown and a vertical slit, both illuminated by monochromatic light. The light from the slits is collimated by a lens B and passes through the cell E containing the liquid under examination and which is immersed in a liquid having substantially the same refractive index. Images of the two slits are formed in the plane I of a diaphragm by a lens H; the image of the vertical slit falls on a correspondingly-shaped slit so that the light passes unobstructed, while the image of the horizontal slit is formed on an inclined slit for the derivative measurement. The beams α from the vertical slit, one of which has passed through the cell, and one through the outer liquid, interfere in the image plane N in which an image of the cell is formed by a spherical lens K. This interference pattern when recorded on a photographic plate gives a record of the refractive index distribution. A cylindrical lens L with axis vertical, forms a stigmatic image of the inclined slit of the diaphragm I on the image plane N allowing a recording of the derivative to be made. A modification is described in which the derivative is determined by the crossed-slit method, or by the Schliern method with a horizontal illuminated slit, the diaphragm I being replaced by a verticallymoving edge, and the recording material such as a film being moved at a constant rate horizontally behind a vertical slot. The refractive index and derivative recording may, in this case, be made simultaneously or successively. A modification is also described in which the solution is placed in a centrifuge which also carries a standard liquid of constant refractive index, such as the solvent involved, a system of reflecting prisms being provided to divide the light emanating from the slit or slits and to pass one beam through the rotating solution and the other through the rotating standard liquid, and to recombine the beams so that the refractive index distribution may be determined by interference and the derivative by the moving edge or crossed slit method.
Patent GB-175185-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vehicle sled attachment
IPC: B62B19/02
Filed: 1921-02-03
Abstract: 175,185. Bartuzel, J., and Chnielewski, E. Feb. 3, 1921. Sledges.-A device for converting a road vehicle into a sledge comprises a runner with a brace at the rear and a pair of bands at the front, the brace being forked at the ends for attachment to the runner and to embrace the wheel felloe. The wheel 13, Fig. 1, is supported on a runner 4 having a rear brace 7 forked at its ends to receive the wheel and the runner, which is hollowed out at 28a to provide a recess for the wheel, and is provided with ears 29. Forward supporting- bands 6 may be replaced by braces 8<a>, Fig. 3, provided with pivoted members 26 adapted to enter holes 25 under the action of pivot springs, and to press against abutting pins to force them against the felloe. These pins are provided with rings for pulling out the members 26, which are then turned on their pivots. The braces 7 may be similarly provided with securing-means.
Patent GB-1059402-A (GB)
Title: Methods of manufacturing new organic peroxides
IPC: C07D323/00
Filed: 1964-01-30
Abstract: Peroxides of formula <FORM:1059402/C2/1> in which A is a -CH2-CH2-, -CH = CH-, or a -C­C- radical and R is an alkyl radical 1-3 C, are prepared by reacting a diol <FORM:1059402/C2/2> in organic solvents and in the presence of acid catalysts with a dihydroperoxide of formula <FORM:1059402/C2/3> Esters of diols and salts of hydroperoxides may also be reacted and the hydroperoxide may by reacted with a diene of formula <FORM:1059402/C2/4> Examples describe the preparation of 3,3,6,6, 9,9,12,12 - octamethyl - 1,2,7,8, - tetra - oxa - cyclododecadi - in - 4,10; -oxacyclodecane; oxacyclododecene - in - 4,10; 3,6,9,9,12,12-hexamethyl - 3,6 - diethyl - 1,2,7,8 - tetra - oxa - cyclo - dodecadi - in - 4,10; and 3,3,6,6,9,9,12, 12 - octamethyl - 1,2,7,8 - tetra - oxa - cyclodecine-4.
Patent GB-923727-A (GB)
Title: Benzoylphenalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds and their preparation
Inventor: COKER GEOFFREY GEORGE
Filed: 1960-02-04
Abstract: The invention comprises quaternary ammonium compounds containing a cation of the formula <FORM:0923727/IV(a)/1> (wherein L is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, n is 1, 2 or 3 and R1 and R2 are methyl or ethyl groups) and their preparation by reaction of a compound R6Q (wherein R6 is an appropriate 4-benzoylphenyl radical, or a methyl or ethyl radical and Q is a reactive ester residue or halogen atom) with an appropriate tertiary amine.  The last named may be formed in situ from an appropriate secondary amine and an alkylating agent.  Suitable alkylating agents are sulphates, halides and toluene sulphonate.  Anions Q may be exchanged by metathesis. Examples are given.  3-Bromo- 4-dimethylaminomethylbenzophenone is prepared by brominating phenyl p-tolyl ketone with N-bromosuccinimide to give 3-bromo-4-bromomethylbenzophenone and reacting this with dimethylamine.  4-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-benzophenone is prepared by reacting benzoyl chloride with phenylpropyl benzoate in presence of aluminium chloride to give, on hydrolysis, 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-benzophenone, reacting this with hydrobromic acid to give 4-(3-bromopropyl)-benzophenone and reacting this with dimethylamine.  The quaternary ammonium compounds, which are stated to have a sympatholytic action, may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions in admixture with suitable carriers.  These may take the form of powders, capsules, cachets, suspensions, tablets, pills, suppositories, pessaries or injection solutions and may contain dispersing and surface active, suspending, flavouring, solubilizing, preserving, thickening and emulsifying agents, antioxidants, buffers and bacteriostats.  Examples of tablets and injection solutions containing N-3-(4-benzoylphenyl) - propyl - N,N,N - trimethylammonium iodide are provided.  The Provisional Specification describes quaternary ammonium compounds containing a cation of the above formula wherein L may additionally represent a methoxy group, there may be a further substituent ortho to the quaternary ammonium alkyl side chain which may have any of the values of L, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the quaternary ammonium group may have the formula -NR2R3R4 wherein R2 is ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, isopropyl or allyl when NR3R4 is pyrrolidino, or R2 is methyl and R3 and R4 are methyl, ethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl.  The pyrrolidino compounds may be prepared by intramolecular quaternization of corresponding tertiary amines containing a side chain of the formula -(CH2)nN.(R2).(CH2)4 (where) Q is for example a halide or sulphonic ester group, these being prepared from the corresponding compounds wherein Q is a hydroxy group and a halogenating agent or a sulphonyl chloride) or by reaction of a corresponding secondary amine containing a side chain of the formula -(CH2)n-NHR2 with a dihalide or disulphonate Q(CH2)4Q.
Patent GB-1398194-A (GB)
Title: Nozzle for plasma welding torch
IPC: B05B7/22
Filed: 1973-01-26
Abstract: 1398194 Plasma torch AGA AB 26 Jan 1973 4112/73 Heading H5H [Also in Division B2] A plasma torch for welding, cutting, surfacing or spraying, comprises a nozzle holder 2 and a nozzle 4 threadingly received therein, the nozzle and holder being provided with mutuallyengaging frusto-conical surfaces 7 and 8, respectively, the acute angle (B), Fig. 2 (not shown), subtended between the surfaces 7, 8 and the nozzle axis, the diameter (D) and the length (l) of the threaded contact are so dimensioned that the quotient of the radial and axial movements of a point on the surface 7 of the nozzle during heating up of the nozzle is always greater than the tangent of the angle (B) to ensure contact pressure between the surfaces 7 and 8 is maintained. Heat is transferred from the nozzle 4, which does not possess cooling ducts, via the surfaces 7 and 8 to the holder 2 which is provided with cooling ducts 3.
Patent GB-510954-A (GB)
Title: An improved lamp for pedestrians, motors, motor-bicycles and pedal cycles and the like
IPC: F21L14/00
Filed: 1938-02-10
Abstract: 510,954. Lamps. HUTCHINSON, S. Feb. 10, 1938, No. 4119. [Class 75 (iv)] [Also in Group XVIII] A lamp for personal wear or for attachment to cycles or motor-cycles comprises a casing d, having four sides fitted with red, green, and orange or amber illuminated windows a, b, c respectively, and surmounted by an exposed source of light visible from all directions, the lamp being so mounted on the wearer or vehicle that two differently coloured windows are presented to the front and two to the rear. The windows are illuminated either by a separate internal source or by mirrors arranged in the interior of the casing. In the form shown, the lamp is carried by an inverted saucer-shaped disc f having perforations h to permit of its being sewn to a skull-cap; when intended for attachment to a cycle &c. a telescopic strut is employed.
Patent GB-509057-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cartons
IPC: B65D5/16
Filed: 1938-02-11
Abstract: 509,057. Cartons.- JENKINSON, Ltd., H., and JENKINSON. H. Feb. 11. 1938, No. 4273. [Class 18] In a carton divided by partitions 2, Figs. 1 and 2, so as to contain a number of piles of packets 5 and having an opening 3 in the front wall through which the lowermost packet in any pile can be withdrawn, the partitions are hollow or tubular so as to space the piles apart and are cut away at !) so that a packet can be gripped between the thumb and forefinger. The end walls of the carton are similarly, cut away at 10 and the lowermost packet in each pile is made to register with the opening 3 by platforms 4 placed in the bottom of the carton. The partitions are made from blanks folded to tubular form and provided with tuck-in flaps which close the ends and give rigidity to the partitions. Gummed flaps keep the partitions erected and other gummed flaps 6 secure them in place in the carton. In a modification, Fig. 6, the partition is kept erected by tongues 12 and slots 13 and the material cut away at 9 is bent back to stiffen the partition instead of being completely removed.
Patent GB-179320-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in dynamo electric machines
IPC: H02K1/14
Filed: 1921-02-05
Abstract: 179,320. Burleigh, J. W. Feb. 5, 1921. Coils; commutating poles; pole-pieces, cores, and yokes.-In a bi-polar dynamo-electric machine, each pole is constituted by two limbs 1, 2 and 3, 4, Fig. 1, united by metal of smaller cross-sectional area than that of the yoke, the two limbs being excited by a single former-wound arch-shaped coil 5, 6, so disposed that portions contained between the poles are not brought into the neutral zone of the armature. The pole-tips 13 are so shaped that the exciting coils can be drawn on or off with a straiaht-line motion, and lie clcse to the poles at, the ends, the sides being preferably spread out to assist ventilation. Interpoles are fitted on the machine; Fig. 4 shows the shape of the interpole core 15<a>, 15<b>, and the coil' 16. The central portion 15<b> may be cut away and each end portion 15a may be excited by a separate coil. Where one interpole only is required, more material in the interpole core or winding is necessary and consequently a larger space. If the interpole shown on the right of Fig. 1 is retained, the limbs 2, 4 are moved so that the angle Z is decreased, but a corresponding increase may be made in the angle Y. Specification 5602/06 is referred to.
Patent GB-121680-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Electrical Contact Making and Breaking Apparatus.
IPC: H01H3/00
Filed: 1918-03-12
Abstract: 121,680. British Thomson - Houston Co., and Young, A. P. March 12, 1918. Interrupters, mechanical.-The two contacts 6, 7 of an interrupter for use with magnetos &c. are mounted on the inner limbs of U-shaped levers 4, 5, the outer limbs of which carry fibre blocks 2, 3 engaging a cam 1. The cam moves both contacts outwards simultaneously, and they are returned by leaf springs 8, 9. The spring 8 is stronger than the spring 9 and holds an extension 14 of the lever 4 against an adjusting-screw 13. The lever 4 is mounted on an insulated block connected to the primary winding, and the lever 5 is mounted on the earth-connected base.
Patent GB-104756-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in a Combined Supporting or Obesity Belt and Truss.
IPC: A61F5/24
Filed: 1916-03-25
Abstract: 104,756. Marks, E. C. R., (Holyoke Covered Wire Co.). March 25, 1916. Abdominal belts.-The main elements consist of rings formed with an inextensible and flexible core covered with a wire coil protected with a woven fabric. A simple form comprises an abdominal ring 1, Fig. 1, connected by straps and buckles 6, 7 to a spinal pressure-relieving ring 5. In another form, Fig. 4, a pair of rings connected by strips 12, 13 is combined with hip-supporting rings 15; or the rings may be horizontally arranged, or combined with a second pair. To serve as a truss, Fig. 3, the rings are covered with a wire or other fabric 9, to which a pad 10 is adjustably secured by a screw 11. The rings may also be sewn into the abdominal parts of corsets, the fabric enclosed being cut away. The core of the ring may be dispensed with wher required.
Patent GB-553457-A (GB)
Title: Piezoelectric crystal apparatus
IPC: H03H9/19
Filed: 1942-04-03
Abstract: 553,457. Piezo-electric crystals. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES, Ltd. April 3, 1942, No. 4479. Convention date, Dec. 12, 1940. [Class 40 (v)] A piezo-electric quartz crystal element has its major plane parallel to the YZ plane of the mother crystal and its major axis at an angle of -47.5 degrees to the Y axis of the mother crystal, the ratio of width W to length L being in the range of .83 to .89. This gives a crystal with uncoupled vibrations in a longitudinal amode dependent on the dimension W, and a double shear amode dependent on the ratio W/L. Thus the two frequencies can be independently controlled, and the impedance of the crystal is determined by the thickness. A graph is given, Fig. 4 (not shown), relating frequency to the ratio W/L which shows that the two amodes have the same frequency for a value W/L = .86 and different frequencies for other values. Fig. 6 shows a suitable arrangement of four electrodes (only 10, 11 visible) for exciting the crystal, the angle a being preferably such as to cause the gap between the electrodes to be along the Y axis of the mother crystal. Variations in α vary the relative impedance of the two amodes of vibration and the equivalent internal capacities. Further adjustments can be made by removing parts of the electrodes as at 16. In a modification, Fig. 9 (not shown), one face is covered by a single electrode having connected to it a thin screening strip which extends round the edge of the crystal plate and lies in the gap between the electrodes on the other surfaces to reduce mutual capacity. In a further modification, Fig. 11, each surface of the plate has four electrodes such as 10A, 10B, 11C, 11D which are so cross-connected that one quarter of the crystal is connected in series with another quarter. This reduces the internal capacity for a given total impedance. In all the embodiments, nodal points exist at the positions 5 and the crystal may be mounted by clamping at these points or by the attachment of spring-mounted lead wires. Specification 542,452 is referred to.
Patent GB-109219-A (GB)
Title: Mosquito and Fly Protective Headgear.
Inventor: SIMPSON ISABELLA MARY JANE
IPC: A45F3/52
Filed: 1917-03-28
Abstract: 109,219. Simpson, I. M. J. March 28, 1917. Accessories; hoods.-Head-gear for protection against mosquitoes &c. which can be worn by day or night and under or over a helmet consists of an inner part a adapted to fit the head and provided with chin straps b, and an outer mosquito covering c, supported by and attached to half hoops d which are hinged at the sides to rings e, on the part a, so that one or more of the half hoops can be raised or lowered. The lower part of the net can be secured to the body by tapes &c., and the ring openings covered internally by net strips f.
Patent GB-718982-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the tinning of aluminium and aluminium alloys
Inventor: LATIN AUBREY
IPC: B23K35/26
Filed: 1952-02-20
Abstract: To resist corrosion, or for soft soldering or plumbling purposes, aluminium and aluminium alloys are coated with an alloy consisting of Sn with 0-2 per cent. Ca and 0-5 per cent. Mg, the minimum content of Mg and/or Ca being .1 per cent.  The alloy may also contain up to 70 per cent. Pb, up to one-fifth of which may be replaced by Zn, and not more than 5 per cent. in total of one or more of Cd, Na, Li or other alkali metal, Cu, Ag, Bi, Ce and misch-metal.
Patent GB-127294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Shell Fuses.
Inventor: LEFEVRE ANDRE JOSEPH
IPC: F42C19/08
Filed: 1917-03-29
Abstract: 127,294. LefÞvre, A. J. Jan. 18, 1917, [Convention date]. Projectile fuses. - Consists in a percussion fuse having three enclosed primers mounted separately in tubular holders which retain them in fixed positions, the last primer or detonator being situated very remotely from the other primers. In the fuse shown, the main detonator 1 is contained in a metal case and is enclosed between a tube 2 and a copper supporting-tube 3. The percussion cap 7 and intermediate primer 5 are mounted within holders 6, 4 respectively, the detonation of the primer 5, which contains pure fulminate of mercury, being strong enough to burst through the tube 3 and explode the detonator].
Patent GB-259815-A (GB)
Title: Improved construction of friction clutch for conveying rotary motion
IPC: F16D21/04
Filed: 1926-02-17
Abstract: 259,815. Bell, W. T., and Bretherton, F. J. Feb. 17, 1926. Clutches, friction; variable-speed or reversing gearing.-A double friction clutch for driving members K, R alternatively, and specially adapted for two-speed or reversing gearing, comprises a doubly coned member B held firmly in either gear position by spring toggles. The member B has peripheral engaging surfaces B<1>, B<2> and spokes B<4>, B<5> in the form of walls making connection with a hub B<3> slidable on a square end A<1> of a driving-shaft A. A control rod I passes through the hollow shaft of one of the driven members R and is connected by a cross pin H and hole B<9> to the hub B<3>. Each toggle comprises an outer telescoping link F with ball end F<4> surrounded by a compressed spring G and a pair of inner links D straddling the hub B<3>. The two pairs of links D are pivoted on a cross pin C fixed in a hole in the shaft end A<1>. The links D have extensions D' in the form of eccentric discs adapted to bear against the wall B<4> or the wall B<5> to assist in holding the clutch member B firmly in engagement in each extreme position. To disconnect the drive from the configuration of Fig. 1, the rod I is thrust inwards, carrying the hub B<3> rigidly with it. The wall B<4> bearing on the eccentrics D<1> straightens the toggles, compressing the springs G. Further movement of the rod I breaks the toggles the other way, which toggles complete the displacement of the member B.
Patent GB-230053-A (GB)
Title: A device for indicating the opening of doors of motor cars
IPC: H01H13/18
Filed: 1925-02-19
Abstract: 230,053. Tilles, G. Feb. 19, 1925. Doors for passenger vehicles.-The frame opening of a door is provided with an electric switch in a circuit operating a signalling device for the driver, the switch being closed when the door is in the open position. The switch is housed in the door frame c and comprises a button d of nonconducting material attached to a plunger g of conducting material operating against a spring k housed in a metallic bush h. When the door e is open, the plunger g is forced by the spring k against a metallic guide i and closes the circuit to operate a signalling device, such as a lamp, on the instrument board of the vehicle.
Patent GB-933301-A (GB)
Title: Autothermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbons with low conradson carbon
Inventor: FREY OTTO
IPC: C07C4/02
Filed: 1962-02-07
Abstract: In the production of olefins by the autothermal cracking of hydrocarbon oils at 630 DEG -850 DEG C. in the presence of a fluidized bed of coke particles and sufficient oxygen to supply the heat of reaction, the product boiling above 250 DEG C. being recycled, the feed has less than 2,5% Conradson carbon and is mixed with at least part of the oxygen and introduced laterally into the fluidized bed which is fluidized from below by a fluidizing agent which may contain further oxygen.  The feed is preferably a crude petroleum, e.g. of Bahia or Sahara origin and is mixed with 20-100% of the oxygen and also steam if desired.  The recycle is introduced with the feed or separately and may also be mixed with oxygen in the latter case.  Mixing is preferably effected at the point of injection, e.g. using a nozzle having an annular feed for oxygen and an inner feed for the oil.  The nozzle or nozzles may be between 20 cms. above the bottom to 1m. below the top of the fluidized bed.