baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-0757008-A3 (EP)
Inventor: BOUVIER DANIEL
IPC: B65D90/501
Filed: 1995-12-12
Abstract: The envelope (3), of e.g. polyethylene, is sealed (6) round an access pit containing the moisture alarm unit (10) and tank filler (33). The enclosed space (5) contains e.g. air, or nitrogen. The detector (7) is formed from an electrically insulating, thermally conducting membrane of e.g. Silpad (RTM), applied to a magnet block attached to the steel tank bottom (4). Two e.g. platinum electrodes on the membrane, connected (8, 9) to the alarm unit (10), form a circuit through a layer of hygroscopic salt, e.g. LiCl, NaCl, whose resistance falls markedly when wet. The transistorised alarm unit then presets a warning lamp circuit with a check button, pressed on each routine staff visit. Presetting also occurs if the detector falls off. A proving circuit is also provided.
Patent EP-0735796-A3 (EP)
Inventor: ASAYAMA HIROSHI
IPC: H04S7/00
Filed: 1996-03-21
Abstract: The invention provides for a method and apparatus for
obtaining acoustic characteristics of sound of a broad
frequency range of from, for example, 0 to 20 Khz in a
relatively short time with high accuracy even though an
inexpensive computer is used; multiple sound ray vectors are
defined; a virtual space is defined by a polygonal boundary;
the propagation history data of the vector is calculated and
stored, the vector being reflected at the boundary; and,
based on the data, as for each of the vectors, a transient
response thereof at an observation point is added to a time-series
numerical array and stored, the response being
determined on the basis of the reflected vector and a
velocity potential determined at the observation point by a
micro-area element of the vector defined on the boundary.
Patent EP-0789992-A3 (EP)
Title: Verfahren und Presse zum Bilden quaderförmiger Pressballen aus landwirtschaftlichem Erntegut
Inventor: SACHT HANS-OTTO
IPC: B30B9/30
Filed: 1997-01-04
Abstract: Zur Bildung von quaderförmigen Preßballen aus landwirtschaftlichem Erntegut
ist eine Presse vorgesehen, die eine Aufnahmevorrichtung (1) zum Aufnehmen
von Erntegut und zum Weiterfördern des aufgenommenen Ernteguts, eine einen
quaderförmigen Preßraum (72) umgrenzende Preßkammer (71) und eine
unter dieser angeordneten Beschickungsvorrichtung (38) umfaßt, die längs der
Unterseite der Preßkammer (71) alternierend gradlinig bewegbar ist und zu
beiden Seiten eines Durchtrittsspaltes für das Erntegut mit je einem an den
Spalt angrenzenden auf- und abrollbaren Rollbodenteil (44,45) versehen ist,
die gemeinsam den Preßraum (72) der Preßkammer (71) unterseitig abschließen.
Unterhalb der Beschickungsvorrichtung (38) ist eine sich entlang deren
Bewegungsbahn erstreckende Zwischenablage (21) vorgesehen, die mit einem
Ende dem Abgabeende der Aufnahmevorrichtung (1) benachbart ist und
deren Oberseite eine ebene, zur Bewegungsbahn der Beschickungsvorrichtung
(38) parallele Zwischenablagefläche für Erntegut darbietet, die von Fördermitteln
(48,49) der Beschickungsvorrichtung (38) überlaufen ist. Auf der
Zwischenablagefläche wird zur Vergleichmäßigung der Preßballen das Erntegut
schichtförmig aufgebracht und die Erntegutschicht von der Zwischenablage
fortlaufend durch die Beschickungsvorrichtung bei deren Bewegung in beiden
Richtungen aufgenommen und der Preßkammer zugeführt.
Patent EP-0853264-A3 (EP)
Inventor: FAVRE ERIK
IPC: G04F7/08
Filed: 1997-01-10
Abstract: Montre-chronographe à affichage analogique comprenant
un mouvement (1) et un mécanisme de chronographe
comportant sur un cadran plusieurs compteurs (20, 30, 40)
entrainés par une roue (11) embrayable sur une prise de
force (4) du mouvement, ledit mécanisme pouvant être remis
à zéro par l'actionnement de leviers et de marteaux
agissant sur chaque coeur de remise à zéro (21, 31, 41)
associé aux roues (19, 29, 39) des compteurs respectifs
(20, 30, 40), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un coeur de
remise à zéro est décentré par rapport à la roue de
compteur associée en étant pivoté sur l'axe (38) d'une
roue supplémentaire (37) engrenant avec ladite roue de
compteur en étant dans rapport 1/1 avec celle ci.
Patent EP-0806812-A3 (EP)
Inventor: KREBS GERALD
IPC: H01R9/24
Filed: 1997-04-23
Abstract: An electrical equipment housing has a built-in power carrying rail (11) and adjacent to this is a metal spring clamp (1) that is formed with a loop shape from strip material. Formed within the housing recess is a reaction block (3) and the spring locates over this. One arm of the spring (18) engages the power rail and the other has an aperture (10). When a tool is inserted from the side (13) m the spring compresses and the aperture becomes aligned with a point of insertion (14) for an external conductor or wire. When the compressive force is released the wire is securely clamped.
Patent EP-0816403-A3 (EP)
Title: Wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare Polymerisate
Inventor: ENGELHARDT FRITZ DR
IPC: C08F220/58
Filed: 1997-06-19
Abstract: Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft wasserlösliche oder wasserquellbare
Polymerisate auf Basis von 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-propan-sulfonaten, deren
Herstellung und deren Verwendung zur Erhöhung der Viskosität wäßriger
Lösungen.
Patent EP-0818517-A3 (EP)
Title: Tintensatz und Tinten auf wässriger Basis sowie deren Verwendung
Inventor: ENGEL STEFAN DR
IPC: C09D11/40
Filed: 1997-07-10
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft einen  Tintensatz  (TS), bestehend aus
mehreren Tinten (T1, T2, T3, T4, T...) verschiedener
Tintenfarben, der mindestens eine rote bzw. magentafarbene,
eine blaue bzw. cyanfarbene und eine gelbe, sowie ggf. auch
eine schwarze Tinte enthält, insbesondere zur Verwendung in
Tintenstrahldruckern, wobei jede Tinte (T1, T...) mindestens
einen löslichen Farbstoff (FS1, FS...) als wesentliches
Farbmittel (FM) und Wasser (W) und/oder organisches
Lösungsmittel als hauptsächliches Lösungsmittel (LM) sowie
einen oder mehrere Trocknungsverzögerer (TV) und ggf.
Konservierungsmittel (KM) und/oder weitere Zusätze (Z1, Z2,
Z3, Z4, Z...) aufweist. 
Hierbei sollen die Tinten (T1, T2, T3, T4, T...) mindestens
einen in Wasser oder in organischem Lösungsmittel (LM)
löslichen Farbstoff (FS1, FS...) als jeweils wesentliches
Farbmittel (FM) enthalten und das Farbmittel (FM) bzw. der
Farbstoff (FS) eine Lichtechtheit von größer oder gleich 5,
vorzugsweise von 6 oder 7, gegen die blaue Wollskala
aufweisen. Insbesondere soll auch eine erste Tinte (T1)
"Direct Blue 199" (FS1), eine zweite Tinte (T2) "Reactive Red
23" (FS2), eine dritte Tinte (T3) "Reactive Yellow 37" (FS3)
sowie ggf. eine vierte Tinte "Solubilised Sulfur Black 1"
(FS4) jeweils als überwiegenden bzw. hauptsächlichen
Farbstoff (FS...) aufweisen. Außerdem soll jede Tinte (T1,
T2, T3, T4, T...) Glycerin (G) als Trocknungsverzögerer (TV)
und ggf. auch Triethanolamin und/oder sonstige Zusätze (Z2,
Z3, Z4, Z...) enthalten.
Patent EP-0831454-A3 (EP)
Inventor: NAKANO MINORU
IPC: G10D13/08
Filed: 1997-09-22
Abstract: A plurality of rectangular parallelopiped tone bars (12) are incorporated in a
percussion instrument, are connected to a supporting bar (11b) at central
points thereof so as to produce the second-order vertical flexural vibration
(V1) and the first-order torsional vibration (t0), and the ratio of width to
thickness is regulated to a frequency ratio of 1 : 2 so as to improve the interval
between the percussion sounds and the consonance.
Patent EP-0845469-A3 (EP)
Title: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Organocarbonoyloxysilanen
Inventor: HORN MICHAEL DR
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 1997-10-02
Abstract: Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von
Organocarbonoyloxysilanen durch Umsetzung von Organochlorsilanen mit einer
Carbonsäure und Carbonsäureanhydrid in Gegenwart eines Katalysators, wobei man in
einem ersten Reaktionsschritt das Organochlorsilan mit einer Carbonsäure umsetzt, den
entstandenen Anteil an Chlorwasserstoff im wesentlichen abführt, das verbleibende
Reaktionsgemisch in einem zweiten Reaktionsschritt mit dem Carbonsäureanhydrid
umsetzt und das resultierende Produktgemisch aufarbeitet.
Patent EP-0846608-A3 (EP)
Inventor: STRONG DANIEL J
IPC: B62D5/083
Filed: 1997-12-09
Abstract: A hydraulic fluid control valve (18) includes first
and second valve members (60, 62) which are rotatable
relative to each other about an axis (23). The valve
members (60, 62) define hydraulic fluid flow orifices (110)
which are spaced apart circumferentially about the axis
(23). The orifices (110) are variable in size such that an
orifice (110a) enlarges when a pair of adjacent orifices
(110b and 110c) constrict upon relative rotation of the
valve members from neutral positions. The pair of
constricting orifices (110b, 110c) initially constrict at
unequal rates, and subsequently constrict at equal rates
until reaching fully constricted conditions.
Patent EP-0806407-A3 (EP)
Title: Reduction of carbonyl  impurities in alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and esters
Inventor: BAUER WILLIAM JR
IPC: G02B1/04
Filed: 1997-05-02
Abstract: The invention provides a process for reducing one or more carbonyl
impurity present in a monomer of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or its alkyl
ester by treating the monomer containing the carbonyl impurities with a trialkyl
phosphite or a triaryl phosphite.
Patent EP-0811813-A3 (EP)
Inventor: GREGORY CHARLES
IPC: F25B49/02
Filed: 1997-06-03
Abstract: A refrigeration system has a compressor (10) operable to supply compressed
refrigerant vapor, a condenser (16) to liquify compressed refrigerant vapour from the
compressor (10), a thermostatic expansion valve (30) to vaporize liquified refrigerant from the
condenser (16), an evaporator (34) to cool the surrounding atmosphere by vaporized
refrigerant from the thermostatic expansion valve (30), a superheat
sensor (39) to improve
control of the thermostatic expansion valve (30), a compressor discharge line (17)
to convey
compressed refrigerant vapour from the compressor (10) to the
condenser (16), a return line (22)
to convey liquified refrigerant from the condenser (16) to the
expansion valve (30), and a
suction line (41) including the superheat sensor (39) to convey vaporized refrigerant from the
evaporator (34) to the compressor (10). A liquid refrigerant stabilizer
(42) in the liquid return line (22) and the suction line (41) is
operable to convey liquid refrigerant in the return line (22) and
vaporized refrigerant in the suction line (41) in heat exchange relationship with each
other to cause liquid refrigerant in the return line (22) to be cooled by vaporized
refrigerant in the suction line (41).
Patent EP-0811360-A3 (EP)
Inventor: HIERNARD BRUNO
IPC: A61F2/00
Filed: 1997-06-06
Abstract: An extraction device (10,110) for removing a socket bearing
insert (12) from an acetabular cup (14) in an acetabular
prosthesis in which an extracting member (30, 130) is
adapted for attachment to a groove (20) in the insert (12).
The extraction device (10, 110) includes a support in the
form of a sleeve (38, 138) which bears against the rim of
the acetabular cup (14). The extraction device (10, 110)
has means for providing an axial force exclusively between
the extracting member (30, 130) and the support such that no
force is transmitted to a bone to which the acetabular cup
(14) is attached.
Patent EP-0821535-A3 (EP)
Inventor: LAPORTA THOMAS F
IPC: H04M3/53
Filed: 1997-07-15
Abstract: A two-way wireless messaging system includes a
messaging network and a two-way wireless messaging device
which originates, receives and replies to messages having
dynamic message components to and from the messaging
network. The messaging network includes a plurality of
stored messages and message destination addresses. The
dynamic message components include optional components,
user-defined selections, pre-defined variables and
conditional components. The system also includes a
plurality of intelligent servers located within the
messaging network for receiving, routing, tracking and
forwarding messages through the messaging network to
intended message destination addresses.
Patent EP-0822253-A3 (EP)
Inventor: MIHARA CHIEKO
IPC: B01D53/84
Filed: 1997-07-31
Abstract: A novel microbial strain JMC1 (FERM BP-5960)
that it is a mutant strain derived from JM1 (FERM
BP-5352) constitutively expressing oxygenase, and a
method for biodegrading aromatic compounds and
chlorinated organic compounds by using strain JMC1 as
well as a method for environmental remediation which
comprises a step of biodegrading contaminant in the
environment by using strain JMC1. Aromatic compounds
and/or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds
contained in the environment can be removed at a low
temperature by using the novel strain JMC1 without
using any inducer substances.
Patent EP-0824958-A3 (EP)
Inventor: TAKITA KOTARO
IPC: B01D71/26
Filed: 1997-08-20
Abstract: A method of producing a microporous polyolefin membrane
having a relatively large pore size and a high permeability, the
membrane being suitable for use in water treatment, microfiltration,
etc. The method comprises dissolving a polyolefin composition in a
solvent to prepare a solution, extruding the solution through a die lip
into a form of gel-like sheet, rapidly cooling the gel-like sheet,
removing a residual solvent in the cooled sheet by a washing solvent
and drying the resultant sheet to remove the washing solvent. The
polyolefin composition is a mixture of (A) an ultra high molecular
weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 5 x
10 5  or more and (B) a polyolefin having a weight average molecular
weight less than 5 x 10 5 , and a weight ratio of (B)/(A) is 0.2 to 20.
Patent EP-0862321-A3 (EP)
Inventor: SHODA MASAHIRO
IPC: H04N5/355
Filed: 1997-10-17
Abstract: The invention pertains to solid-state imaging
devices and methods of operating the imaging devices for
imaging objects having a wide dynamic range of
illumination levels. The imaging device preferably
comprises a two-dimensional array of photosensors, such
as photodiodes, arranged in columns and even and odd
rows. The photosensors accumulate signal charges
corresponding to the incident light flux for an
accumulation time. In one embodiment, the even and odd
rows accumulate signal charges for different
accumulation times. The signal charges from adjacent
rows and the same column are preferably summed. In
addition, the accumulation times for the even and odd
rows preferably alternate between a first and a second
accumulation time. Alternatively, alternate image
fields acquire signal charge for alternating
accumulation times. The longer accumulation time is set
so that one or more of the photosensors saturates.
Patent EP-0817407-A3 (EP)
Title: Sendeeinrichtung, Sendeeinheit und optisches Übertragungssystem zur optischen Übertragung analoger elektrischer Signale
Inventor: PFEIFFER THOMAS DR
IPC: H04B10/524
Filed: 1997-06-19
Abstract: Ein optisches Übertragungssystem (SYS), z.B. ein
Kabelfernsehverteilsystem, beinhaltet wenigstens eine
Sendeeinrichtung (SEN), ein optisches Übertragungsnetz (NET) und
eine Vielzahl von Empfangseinrichtungen (EMP). Zur Übertragung von
analogen elektrischen Signalen, z.B. Fernsehsignale im MHz-Bereich,
in einem solchen optischen Übertragungssystem werden die analogen
elektrischen Signale zunächst nach dem
Pulsdauermodulationsverfahren digitalisiert (PDM) und anschließend
einem elektro/optischen Modulator (MOD) zugeführt. In einer
optischen Pulsquelle (PULS) werden optische Impulse generiert,
deren Impulsfolgefrequenz mindestens um den Faktor 100 über der
3dB-Grenzfrequenz der analogen elektrischen Signale liegt, z.B.
10 GHz. Die optischen Impulse werden im elektro/optischen Modulator
(MOD) mit den digitalisierten Signalen moduliert und anschließend
zu den Empfangseinrichtungen (EMP) übertragen. Zur Rückgewinnung
der analogen elektrischen Signale sind lediglich ein
Optisch/Elektrisch-Umsetzer (OE) und ein passiver elektrischer
Tiefpaß (TP) erforderlich. Zur Erhöhung der Übertragungskapazität
können die modulierten optischen Impulse unterschiedlicher
Sendeeinrichtungen (SEN) im optischen Zeitmultiplexverfahren
übertragen werden.
Patent EP-0857632-A3 (EP)
Title: Zugvorrichtung mit Auflaufbremseinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuganhänger
Inventor: KNOTT VALENTIN DIPL-ING
IPC: B60T7/10
Filed: 1998-01-15
Abstract: Bei einer Zugvorrichtung mit Auflaufbremseinrichtung für
Kraftfahrzeuganhänger mit einer sich nach unten erstreckenden
Konsole (11) sind die Konsolenwangen (11a, 11b) als
am Gehäuse (5) angeschweißte oder angeschraubte stabile
Blechteile ausgebildet. Ein Handbremshebel (15) ist in
unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zu der einen Schutzbügel (22)
aufweisenden Konsolenwange (11a) angeordnet.
Patent EP-0877273-A3 (EP)
Inventor: KELLEY HENRY A
IPC: G02B27/00
Filed: 1998-03-30
Abstract: A system for forming optical beam spots of different sizes on an imaging surface (245),
includes an emitter (205) configured to emit an optical beam along a path. The optical beam is
focused at a first focus point (255) and impinges upon the imaging surface downstream of the first
focus point. A lens (220), having a single fixed magnification other than one, is located between
the first focus point and the imaging surface so as to be in the optical path of the optical beam. The
lens is moveable between a first position located a first distance (S 1 ) from the first focus point and
a second distance (S 1 ') from a second focus point (260) of the optical beam which is downstream
of the lens and a second position located the second distance from the first focus point and the first
distance from the second focus point. With the lens at the first position the optical beam forms a
beam spot of a first size on the imaging surface and with the lens at the second position the optical
beam forms a beam spot of a second size, which is different than the first beam size, on the
imaging surface.
Patent EP-0897043-A3 (EP)
Inventor: SINSTEDEN CLAUDIA
IPC: E05D11/00
Filed: 1998-07-04
Abstract: The door hinge has a part (10) fixable on the front of the fixed frame and a part (20) fixable on the front of the casement and a cover (12) with two arms (12',12'') of which one covers the area of the fixing part (4) containing fixing screws (15) and the other covers the side face (14) of the fixing part away from hinge pin (30). A single locking member engaging in the side face (14) is formed by an integral part of the cover. The locking member can be a tongue (24) insertable in a recess accessible from the side face (14) and having a projection (26) at the free end facing the arm (12') of the cover and engaging behind an edge (32) in the recess. Seen horizontally the projection is set in the end of the cover facing the hinge part (6).
Patent EP-0899047-A3 (EP)
Inventor: EGAWA TSUNEO
IPC: B23F23/12
Filed: 1998-08-06
Abstract: A horizontal hobbing machine comprises
a cutting section (22,23,25,26,27,34) provided on
the bed (21) a hob (27) and a horizontal rotary
shaft (34) carrying the work gear (24). A chip conveyor (31) is
provided below the bed (21). No coolant is supplied to the cutting
section during the cutting process, hence the gear teeth are generated
by dry-cutting. Chips produced during hobbing drop onto the conveyor by
their own weight, i.e. by gravity. The conveyor (31) may transport chips
which have dropped onto it, for example, out of the machine.
Patent EP-0905008-A3 (EP)
Title: Trägerfahrzeug
Inventor: HORSCH MICHAEL
IPC: B62D21/07
Filed: 1998-09-24
Abstract: Ein Trägerfahrzeug weist eine Vorder- und eine Hinterachse
(18, 22) mit Vorder- und Hinterrädern (20, 20', 24, 24') und
einen sich im Bereich der Vorder- und der Hinterachse (18,
22) verjüngenden Rahmen (10) sowie eine zumindest überwiegend
vor dem vordersten Punkt der Vorderräder (20, 20') angeordnete
Verbrennungsmotoreinheit (28) auf. Das Fahrzeug
ist dadurch weitergebildet, daß eine zwischen der Vorder- und
der Hinterachse (18, 22) angeordnete Getriebeeinheit
(26) und eine vor der Vorderachse (18) und zumindest teilweise
über der Verbrennungsmotoreinheit (28) angeordnete
Fahrerkabine (42) vorgesehen sind, und daß der Rahmen (10)
im Bereich der Vorder- und der Hinterräder (20, 20', 24,
24') auf eine Breite zusammengezogen ist, die kleiner als
die Breite eines Vorder- oder Hinterrades (20, 20', 24, 24')
ist. Ein derartiges Trägerfahrzeug weist gerade im schwer
beladenen Zustand eine sehr gleichmäßige Lastverteilung auf
die Vorder- und Hinterräder auf, um die Verdichtung des
überfahrenen Bodens möglichst gering zu halten.
Patent EP-0853956-A3 (EP)
Inventor: SIRHAN MOTASIM M
IPC: A61M29/02
Filed: 1993-04-14
Abstract: An intravascular catheter, such as a balloon dilatation
catheter, which has at least a distal section of an outer tubular member
conforms to the shape of and preferably is secured to an inner tubular
member over a significant portion thereof to provide a catheter shaft having
small transverse dimensions and improved flexibility with little ur no loss
in pushability. The catheter construction can be employed in a wide variety
of catheters.
Patent EP-0868080-A3 (EP)
Inventor: HENMI FUMIAKI
IPC: H04N19/895
Filed: 1998-03-26
Abstract: Reproducing heads (PB) reproduce signals from a tape
(25) in advance of recording heads (REC) for a time period
equivalent to a system delay. An ECC decoder (41) corrects
an error of a signal received from each reproducing head.
A BRR decoder (43) decompresses and decodes the signal
received from the ECC decoder. A concealing circuit (45)
interpolates the signal received from the BRR decoder. An
output signal of the concealing circuit (45) is sent back
to a selector (15) of the recording system (11-15, 18-24).
The selector (15) switches between a signal received from
an input terminal and the reproduced signal at the end of
each field. An intra-field encoding process or an intraframe
encoding process can be selected as a compressing and
encoding process. Information that represents the selected
encoding process is recorded on the tape (25).
Patent EP-0867302-A3 (EP)
Inventor: NUITA AKIRA
IPC: B41J13/22
Filed: 1998-03-26
Abstract: An ink-jet printer includes a rotary drum (10) for
rotating at a constant speed, a sheet holding system
for holding the paper sheet on the rotary drum (10)
while the drum is rotating, a print head for printing
an image by jetting ink onto a paper sheet which is
held on the drum by the sheet holding system and
rotates along with the drum, wherein the sheet holding
system includes a front-end clamping section (41),
disposed on the peripheral surface of the drum, for
clamping a front end of the sheet, a rear-end clamping
section (51) set apart from the front-end clamping
section (41) in a rotational direction of the drum
along the peripheral surface of the drum, for clamping
a rear end of the sheet, and a driving section (DR) for
driving the front-end clamping section (41) and the
rear-end clamping section (51) to hold the sheet on the
peripheral surface of the drum and stopping the driving
of the front-end clamping section (41) and the rear-end
clamping section (51) to remove the sheet from the
peripheral surface of the drum. In particular, the
driving section (DR) is constituted such that a motion
of the front-end clamping section (41) is required as
a condition for enabling a motion of the rear-end
clamping section (51) and the motions of the front
end and rear-end clamping sections (41, 51) are
synchronized to have a predetermined difference in the
rotation amount of the drum which corresponds to a
distance between the front-end and rear-end clamping
sections (41, 51).
Patent EP-0869302-A3 (EP)
Inventor: BOGER HENRY WILLIAM
IPC: F16K47/08
Filed: 1998-04-01
Abstract: A valve assembly and method for controlling the flow of fluid through
a conduit in which a ball valve (10) is disposed in the conduit and is
provided with a through bore (10a) for receiving the fluid. An insert (30) is
also disposed in the conduit downstream of the ball valve and has a plurality
of relatively small flow passages (38). A relatively large flow passage is
defined by that portion of the conduit not occupied by the insert. The valve
is rotatable in the conduit to direct the fluid from its bore through one or
more of the flow passages and a portion of the insert forms an airfoil surface
to prevent separation of the fluid as it passes through the relatively large
flow passage.