Patent GB-630155-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to catalytic conversion
IPC: B01J8/34
Filed: 1947-02-13
Abstract: A method of effecting catalytic conversion of gaseous reactants, particularly carbon monoxide and hydrogen to higher molecular weight compounds, comprises disposing, in a vertical reaction zone with or without heat exchange surfaces disposed therein, relatively coarse solid dispersing particles, such as quartz, alumina, or inert metals, and relatively fine solid catalyst particles, at least 90 per cent of the catalyst consisting of particles having a diameter of not more than about 0.1 times the average diameter of the dispersing particles which have a diameter within the range 0.05 to 0.35 times the diameter of a tube having an hydraulic radius (defined in the Specification) equal to that of the reaction zone which should not exceed 1 inch, and pass <PICT:0630155/III/1> ing the reactant gas into the lower portion of the reaction zone through the mass with sufficient velocity to entrain the fine catalyst and to maintain the dispersing particles in a fluidized state along the vertical dimension of the reaction zone, withdrawing an effluent stream of products with entrained catalyst and supplying fine catalyst particles to the lower portion of the zone; preferably this supply is the entrained catalyst separated from the effluent and recycled.  The dispersing particles may be spheres, cylinders, Raschig rings, or Berl saddles, and should have high heat conductivity.  Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed into vessel 3 at 200-700 DEG  F. and a pressure up to 700 atmos., which has tubular heat-exchange member 4 through which water or diphenyl flows, and which contains a fine catalyst of the iron group, with or without promoters such as oxides of potassium, thorium, magnesium, uranium, or vanadium, which may be supported on diatomaceous earth, silica gel or alumina and inert dispersing particles, e.g. stainless steel, tungsten, mild steel, or copper-silicon-manganese alloy.  Any entrained dispersing particles are removed from the effluent gas in first settling zone 10 and fine catalyst in second settling zone 10A which may contain porous refractory filter elements or magnetic separators to assist in separation.  The catalyst is recycled either direct by tube 14 or through cooler 15, wherein it may be directly cooled by pentane sprayed through 18 or indirectly cooled by element 16, to the bottom of vessel 3.  The separation and recycling of gaseous products is also described.ALSO:<PICT:0630155/IV (b)/1> A method of effecting catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, comprises disposing in a vertical reaction zone with or without heat exchange surfaces disposed therein, relatively coarse solid dispersing particles such as quartz, alumina, or inert metals, and relatively fine solid catalyst particles, at least 90 per cent of the catalyst consisting of particles having a diameter of not more than about 0.1 times the average diameter of the dispersing particles which have a diameter within the range 0.05 to 0.35 times the diameter of a tube having a hydraulic radius (defined in the Specification) equal to that of the reaction zone, which should not exceed 1 inch, and passing the reactant gas into the lower portion of the reaction zone through the mass with sufficient velocity to entrain the fine catalyst and to maintain the dispersing particles in a fluidized state along the vertical dimension of the reaction zone, withdrawing an effluent stream of products with entrained catalyst and supplying fine catalyst particles to the lower portion of the zone, preferably this supply is the entrained catalyst separated from the effluent and recycled.  The dispersing particles may be spheres, cylinders, Raschig rings or Berl saddles, and should have high heat conductivity.  Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed into vessel 3 at 200-700 DEG  F. and a pressure up to 700 atmos., which has tubular heat-exchange member 4 through which water or diphenyl flows, and which contains a fine catalyst of the iron group, with or without promoters such as oxides of potassium, thorium, magnesium, uranium, or vanadium, which may be supported on diatomaceous earth, silica gel, or alumina, and inert dispersing particles, e.g. stainless steel, tungsten, mild steel, or copper-silicon-manganese alloy.  Any entrained dispersing particles are removed from the effluent gas in first settling zone 10, and fine catalyst in second settling zone 10A, which may contain porous refractory filter elements or magnetic separators to assist in separation.  The catalyst is recycled either directly by tube 14 or through cooler 15, wherein it may be directly cooled by pentane sprayed through 18 or indirectly cooled by element 16, to the bottom of vessel 3.  The separation and recyling of gaseous products is also described.