baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-943669-A (GB)
Title: Separation of oxygen from air
Inventor: RUHEMANN MARTIN SIEGFRIED WILL
IPC: F25J3/04
Filed: 1961-11-03
Abstract: 943,669. Cold separation of air. PETROCARBON DEVELOPMENTS Ltd. Nov. 1, 1962 [Nov. 3, 1961], No. 39496/61. Heading F4P. In a single-column air rectification process for the production of liquid oxygen, at least part of the feed air which is at a relatively low pressure e.g. 8 atmos. is further compressed in a brake blower or blowers 15, 15<SP>1</SP> of turbines 16, 16<SP>1</SP> through which is expanded at least part of the feed air to produce cold for the process. As shown the further compressed air is withdrawn from a feed line 10 through a line 11 and is thereafter cooled in a preliminary exchanger 17 followed by exchangers 18, 19 traversed by counterflowing waste effluent leaving the head of column 21 through a line 25 and the so cooled feed air is liquefied in the reboiling coil 20 of the column, sub-cooled in an exchanger 23 traversed by a mixture of air and waste gas having been expanded in turbine 16, and finally expanded at a valve 24 into the column 21. The mixture of air and waste gas leaving the sub-cooler 23 through a line 26 serves to cool exchangers 19, 18. In a modification the whole of the incoming air is further compressed in two blowers in series and after partial cooling by indirect heat exchange with waste gases is expanded in at least one of the turbines and is divided into a first stream which after further cooling by indirect heat exchange with waste gases is expanded into the column, and into a second stream which is expanded in one of the turbines to produce additional cold.
Patent GB-1060816-A (GB)
Title: Ultrasonic testing apparatus for sheet material
IPC: G01N29/265
Filed: 1965-09-17
Abstract: 1,060,816. Ultrasonic inspection devices. REALISATIONS ULTRASONIQUES. Sept. 17, 1965 [Oct. 28, 1964], No. 39762/65. Heading H4D. An ultrasonic pulse-echo system for the rapid inspection of sheet metal for flaws comprises a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers sequentially connected to electrical transmitting and receiving apparatus and mounted on a rotatable head so as to produce a plurality of acoustic energy beams which consecutively scan a zone of the surface of the metal along circular arcs, the head being translated to scan consecutive zones of the surface. In the Fig. 1 embodiment, transmitting-receiving transducers 4 to 9 are sequentially energized in diametrically opposed pairs in synchronism with the rotation of head 3 by means of a magnetically actuated relay switching system (Fig. 2, not shown), while head 3 is moved along a path 12 over the surface of a metal sheet 2 in a water-filled tank 1. Echo signals received in arcuate scans such as 13, 14, 15 are applied to a first signal channel, and echo signals from scans such as 16, 17, 18 are applied to a second signal channel. The two channels may have different sensitivities for detecting flaws of different severity. In each signal channel (Fig. 3, not shown), echo signals pass through a receiver-amplifier system 29, 33 to intensity-modulate the beam of an oscilloscope 32 whose Y time-base is synchronized with the transmission of acoustic pulses and whose X time-base is synchronized with the scanning of head 3. Units 37 and 35 vary the gain of amplifier 33 in accordance with the strength of the echo from the entry face of sheet 2 to compensate for the different sensitivities of transducers 4 to 9, and a unit 39 provides swept gain of amplifier 33 to compensate for increased attenuation of the ultrasonic energy with distance inside the sheet 2. Amplified flaw echoes, gated by units 44 and 45, pass through a further amplifier, 43, to a recorder 34. Flaw echoes in the two signal channels are recorded in red and black, respectively, by the recorders 34, each of which comprises six writers disposed on a rotating disc and recording on a strip of carbon paper. The rotation of each disc is synchronized with the rotation of head 3, and the discs are translated distances proportional to the translational movements of head 3. To indicate the edges of the metal sheet 2 on the record, units 40 and 42 provide, in the absence of an entry face echo, a low-amplitudesignal which is mixed with the larger-amplitude flaw echo signals applied to amplifier 43 and thus produces a light coloration on the record.
Patent GB-1304710-A (GB)
IPC: F27B19/02
Filed: 1970-08-18
Abstract: 1304710 Continuous steelmaking VEREINIGTE OSTERREICHISCHE EISEN-UND STAHLWERKE AG 18 Aug 1970 [19 Aug 1969] 39770/70 Heading C7D Iron is introduced continuously into a refining vessel through a floor opening above which is located a blowing lance; refining may be effected by oxygen together with the addition of lime and fluorspar as fluxes and ore, limestone or iron powder as coolants. As exemplified crude iron 2 is supplied pneumatically from storage vessel 1 to refining vessel 4 which is provided with upwardly tapering annular barrier 10 surrounding the inlet 6 and defining a primary refining zone 5. As the metal overflows the barrier it passes through the slag layer 13 and is tapped through channel 14.
Patent GB-1510383-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of polyurethane foam
IPC: C08G18/32
Filed: 1975-10-01
Abstract: 1510383 Polyurethane foam BEROL KEMI AB 1 Oct 1975 [2 Oct 1974] 40155/75 Heading C3R A polyurethane foam having a low degree of hardness and high hydrophilicity is prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst, blowing agent at least partly consisting of water and foam stabilizer with a mixture of at least two mutually insoluble, at least tri-functional polyether polyols, the polyol mixture having a hydroxyl number of 35 to 45, the proportion of primary hydroxyl groups in the polyol mixture being more than 55% and not more than 80% of the total number of hydroxyl groups in the polyol mixture, the polyol mixture containing 50-70% wt. of CH2CH2O units, and the amount of polyisocyanate and polyol mixture being such that the NCO index is 0À85 : 1 to 1À05 : 1. Preferably one of the polyols is soluble in water and preferably has an HLB value of at least 15 and a turbidity point of at least 88 C. and an average molecular weight of 3000 to 5000. The other polyol should preferably have an HLB value not exceeding 5 and a turbidity point of below 70 C. and an average M.Wt. of 3000 to 7000. The polyether polyols can be obtained by adding at least 2 different alkylene oxides, one of which is ethylene oxide and the remainder being preferably propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide; to a nucleus having at least 3 reactive hydrogens, e.g. glycerol, trimethylolpropane or triethanolamine, either as mixtures of alkylene oxides or separately in one or more batches. Suitable polyisocyanates are toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylenediisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate and polyphenylpolymethylenepolyisocyanate. The catalyst may be a tertiary amine and/or an organo-metal compound. In the examples foams are prepared from formulations comprising an 80/20 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6- toluene diisocyanate, water and optionally trichlorofluoromethane, a silicone oil foam stabilizer, triethylenediamine and dimethylaminoethanol as catalysts, and a polyether polyol mixture which is a mixture of two different reaction products of glycerol with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
Patent GB-1448912-A (GB)
Title: Fire-restistant panes of glass or glass-ceramic materials
IPC: C03C3/085
Filed: 1974-09-17
Abstract: 1448912 Fire-resistant pane CARL-ZEISSSTIFTUNG [trading as JENAER GLASWERK SCHOTT & GEN] 17 Sept 1974 [21 March 1974] 40514/74 Heading C1M A fire-resistant pane of glass or glass-ceramic has sufficient thermal strength to withstand, when used as a room closure means, a fire test according to German Industrial Standard (DIN) 4102 (1970), the pane having a compressive stress in the marginal zone thereof and a value of the product of thermal expansion coefficient (α) and elasticity modulus (E) of 1-5 kp. cm.<SP>-2</SP> ‹ C.<SP>-1</SP>. The pane, which may be set in a steel frame with a sealing composition, may have a compressive stress in the marginal zone only (Fig. II) or in both the marginal zone and the surface layer of the central portion (Fig. III). The pane may have rounded corners (possibly even being of disc form), and may be curved. The glass may be a borosilicate glass (α= 30-65 x 10<SP>-7</SP> ‹ C.<SP>-1</SP>) or an alumino-borosilicate glass (α=20-63 x 10<SP>-7</SP> ‹ C.<SP>-1</SP>). In examples: (a) a glass sheet (of composition, in weight per cent, SiO 2  65À6, B 2 O 3  11À5, Al 2 O 3  5À1, Na 2 O 6À7, ZnO 4À5 and BaO 6À7) is disposed between ceramic plates so that a marginal zone of the glass projects beyond the ceramic plates, the assembly heated to 700‹ C., and the marginal zone cooled to 200‹ C., to produce a stressed marginal zone; (b) a glass sheet (of composition, in weight per cent, SiO 2 , 80À5, B 2 O 3  12À8, Al 2 O 3  2À4, Na 2 O 3À6 and K 2 O 0À7) is placed between ceramic plates of the same size as the sheet, the assembly heated to 630‹ C., and then cooled in air; and (c) a glass sheet (composition as in (b) above) is heated to 700‹ C. while suspended from grippers and cooled by blowing, the blowing being light in the centre zone and stronger around the marginal zone.
Patent GB-1196478-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to Sheet Feed Arrangements
Inventor: JANECEK JAROSLAV
IPC: B41F33/06
Filed: 1967-09-06
Abstract: 1,196,478. Printing machines. ADAMOVSKE STROJIRNY NARODNI PODNIK. 6 Sept., 1967 [10 Sept., 1966], No. 40732/67. Heading B6C. In a suction-fed sheet-printing machine in which the printed sheets are delivered to a vertically movable receiving table 7 a valve arrangement is provided which is actuated by the descending fully laden table 7 to stop the suction feeders 15 by venting them to atmosphere. The valve is actuated by a toggle mechanism into "venting" and "closed" positions and the table 7 carries means by which a switch controlling the printing machine drive is tripped after the suction feed is stopped.
Patent GB-1185324-A (GB)
Title: Hydraulic Control Systems.
Inventor: LEVETUS FRANCIS BENJAMIN
IPC: F15B11/10
Filed: 1966-06-24
Abstract: 1,185,324. Fluid-pressure servomotor systems. KEELAVITE HYDRAULICS Ltd. June 23, 1967 [June 24, 1966; Sept.13, 1966], Nos.28420/66 and 40844/66. Heading G3P. In a remote control system, a pilot spool 5 responds to a control signal in chamber 13 from remote pressure regulator 19 and controls the supply to piston 2 the movement of which is fed back to the spool via cam 18, and pressure regulator 16 which supplies a feedback pressure to chamber 12. A number of such systems are provided with the regulators 19 thereof being located at a common control station. The various pilot valves and regulators are supplied from and exhausted to a ring main 9A, 10A. If the supply or control pressures fall below a predetermined value, serially connected diaphragm switches 50, 51, Fig. 5 (not shown) open to de-energize solenoids 48 to close valves 47 to lock the piston 2. Indicators 20 show the positions of pistons 2 and the controlled valves 1 and further indicators (not shown) show the feedback pressures. Each regulator 16, Fig.3 has inlet, outlet and exhaust chambers 31, 33, 32 and includes spool 23 responsive to outlet pressure at 24. The regulators 19 are identical except that a control screw replaces the input from cam 18. The regulators 19 have their own common supply and exhaust ring main. Faces 14, 15 of spool 5 can be of different area.
Patent GB-938980-A (GB)
Title: Solutions and processes for producing phosphate coatings on the surfaces of zinc or zinc-coated steel and iron
IPC: C23C22/36
Filed: 1961-11-16
Abstract: An aqueous nickel-accelerated phosphate coating solution for the surfaces of zinc or zinccoated steel and iron contains: (a) a heavy metal ion, particularly Zn and/or Mn ion, e.g. in concentration of less than 0.5%; (b) phosphate ion in amount at least sufficient to form dihydrogen phosphate with the heavy metal ion, e.g. in concentration of 0.5 to 2.5%; (c) an accelerating amount of Ni ion, e.g. in concentration of 0.01 to 0.4%; (d) an oxidizing accelerator such as nitrate (concentration of 0.2 to 1.0%) and/or nitrite (concentration of 0.0002 to 0.008%); (e) at least 0.009% of soluble titanium such as in the form of a compound or complex including an ion containing titanium fluoride, e.g. H2TiF6, or ammonium, sodium or potassium fluotitanate, or potassium titanium oxalate; with or without (f) copper ion, e.g. in concentration of 0.0003 to 0.005%. The Ni and Cu ions may be introduced in the form of carbonates, nitrates, chlorides or sulphates.  For example, the solution may contain ZnO, H3PO4, NiCO3, HNO3, HF and H2TiF6 or (NH4)2TiF6 with or without Cu compounds.  Similar comparative solutions are disclosed in which the Ti compound is replaced by hydrofluoric or hydrofluoboric acid.  Surfaces of galvanized steel or iron may be contacted with the solution at 120 to 160 DEG  F. for 3/4 to 2 minutes to produce thereon phosphate coatings providing a good bond for layers of paint, lacquer, varnish or enamel. Specifications 493,315, 936,937, U.S.A. Specifications 1,221,046, 1,869,121, 1,888,189, 2,197,622, 2,591,479 and 2,835,617 are referred to.
Patent GB-859035-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in screens or privacy partitions for desks and like articles
IPC: A47B21/03
Filed: 1958-12-19
Abstract: 859,035. Desk screens. EISENBERG, E. Dec. 19, 1958 [Sept. 29, 1958], No. 41131/58. Classes 52(3) and 52(4) A screen 14 mounted on the side and back edges of a desk has its lower edges secured in a rail 11 attached to the desk edges by clamps 15. The rail is of hollow construction and the clamps are inserted through openings 21 in the outer wall 16 and each secured by a screw 20 threaded through a lug 23.
Patent GB-1056358-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of colouring compositions
IPC: D06P1/00
Filed: 1963-10-18
Abstract: Dyestuff compositions which will produce a dyeing to match a given sample are made by measuring the reflectance characteristic, throughout substantially the whole of the visible spectrum, of the sample and one or more component dyes in known concentration, deriving from each of the reflectance characteristics by means of a function of reflectance substantially proportional to the dye concentration (e.g. the Kubelka-Munk function), a transformed function of the wavelength that is proportional to concentration, replacing the reflectance characteristic in standard colorimetric integrals by the said transformed function, evaluating said integrals and (in respect of the said component(s) only) dividing the resulting values by the concentration to give three characteristic colorimetric values for the sample and for each component dye, calculating (assuming, if there is more than one component, that the characteristic colorimetric values are additive) the concentration of the component(s) required for the production of a match of the sample and making up the dye composition in the calculated proportions.  The residual surface reflectance of the substrate (dyed black) and the reflectance characteristic of the (undyed) substrate may be taken into account.  To avoid errors due to metamerism the colorimetric values may be obtained using at least two appreciably different types of illumination.  The characteristic colorimetric values may be determined indirectly by comparison of the sample with samples in a colour atlas of known values.  The solution of the equations giving the required concentrations of dyes can be solved graphically.  The above procedures can be repeated on the first matched sample and a corrected dye composition evaluated.  This procedure of correction may, especially when the initial match has evaluated with the aid of a colour atlas, by using the reciprocal values of the standard colour values (tristimulus values) of the sample and the first match.  An example is given of matching a dyed cotton with reactive dyes.
Patent GB-1407494-A (GB)
Title: Method of imparting increased dezincification-resistance  to brass
IPC: C22C9/04
Filed: 1972-09-08
Abstract: 1407494 Heat-treating brass NORDISKE KABEL-OG TRAADFABRIKER AS 8 Sept 1972 [9 Sept 1971] 41866/72 Heading C7A The dezincification resistance of brass containing in percentage by wt. is improved by heating at 400-700‹C for sufficient time to break up the coherent beta network structure.
Patent GB-1360598-A (GB)
Title: Dual system opposed cylinder calipers for disc brakes
IPC: F16D55/228
Filed: 1971-09-01
Abstract: 1360598 Bleeding arrangements; slave cyliriders; dual systems; disc brakes GIRLING Ltd 1 Sept 1971 [2 Sept 1970] 41889/70 Headings F2E and F2F  A caliper 20 of a dual circuit spot-type disc brake incorporates pairs of opposed cylinders 30, 31 and 34, 35 for actuation by the respective circuits and each pair of cylinders 30, 31 (34, 35) is provided with a single, feed port 36 (43) and a single bleed port 41 (51) and the feed ports 36, 41 and the bleed ports 43, 51 are all provided on the same side of the caliper 20. As seen in Fig. 1 the caliper 20 is positioned approximately at the same level as the axis of a disc 36<SP>1</SP> and includes an inboard limb 21 and an outboard limb 22 bolted together and having upper and lower joint interfaces 39, 46 respectively and with a central open portion 25. The ports are all provided in the inboard limb 21 since access to the outboard limb 22 is only possible after removal of a wheel. The first feed port 36 communicates with the lower part of the cylinder 30 and inclined passages 37, 38 in the caliper limbs 21, 22 communicate with the upper parts of the cylinders 30, 31 and communicate with one another at the interface 39: a bleed passage 40 communicates with these passages 37, 38 and leads to the bleed port 41. The passage 38 can be divided into two channels. The second feed port 43 communicates via passages 44, 45 with the lower part of the outboard cylinder 35, and a passage 42 including portions 47, 48, 49, 50 communicate the upper part of cylinder 35 with the lower part of cylinder 34 and bleed port 51 is connected to the upper port of cylinder 34. In alternative arrangements the second feed port 43 communicates with the lower part of the cylinder-34 and the upper part of the cylinder 34 is connected to the lower part of cylinder 35 via the passage 45 or via a passage which extends above the upper cylinders 30, 31. Figs. 2-4 and Figs. 5-10 illustrate two other arrangements. As seen in Fig. 2 the bleed ports 41, 51 include bleed screws 41a, 51a; it is stated that the passages are sealed at their interfaces by sealing rings (e.g. 49a, see Fig. 4, not shown). The passageway 50 includes an inclined portion 50a and an upward portion 50b. As shown in Fig. 5 the passage 42, linking cylinders 35, 34 includes, an external pipe 58.
Patent GB-870766-A (GB)
Title: An arrangement for the drive of measuring and sorting machines
IPC: B07C5/02
Filed: 1958-12-29
Abstract: 870,766. Gearing for starting and stopping machinery. ZAVODY V. I. LENINA PLZEN, NARODNI PODNIK. Dec. 29, 1958 [Dec. 27, 1957], No. 41919/58. Classes 80 (1) and 80 (2). An intermittently-actuated machine-shaft is smoothly accelerated and decelerated and the length of dwell is adjustable, the duration of the period during which the shaft is driven remaining constant. As applied to a measuring and sorting machine, a main shaft 4 carrying cams for performing preparatory operations, e.g. the opening of the measuring apparatus, removal of the object having been measured and the feed of a new object, and which is stationary during the measuring of the object, is driven from a constantly-rotating shaft 2 geared to the driving part 7 of a one-revolution clutch, the driven part 15 of which is fast with an intermediate shaft 3. The driving-shaft 2 is also geared to a timing-gear pinion 9 on which is mounted a pawl 22 engaging a ratchet-wheel 10 which is loosely mounted on the shaft 3. The ratchet-wheel is fast with a notched disc 12, and a notched disc 11 is adjustably secured to the ratchet-wheel. At the beginning of the dwell of the shaft 4, the clutch 7, 15 is disengaged and the shaft 2 drives the ratchet-wheel 10 and discs 11, 12 through the pawl 22. At the end of the dwell one end of a bell-crank lever 23 enters the notch in disc 11 and the other end closes a contact to energize an electromagnet which permits the clutch 7, 15 to engage and drive the shaft 3. A drive member 16 is fast with shaft 3 and a roller 18 carried by the drive member engages a slot 19 in a member 20 fast with a mutilated pinion 21 on the cam-shaft 4. Shaft 4 is thus smoothly accelerated until the teeth of pinion 21 mesh a gear 17 on the shaft 3 and the shaft 4 is driven at constant speed. Shaft 3 is driven faster than the ratchet-wheel 10 so that a pawl 13 mounted on an arm 14 on the shaft 3 overtakes and engages the notch of disc 12, whereupon the ratchet-wheel and disc 11 are driven at the speed of the shaft 3, so that at the end of one revolution of the shaft 3, when clutch 7, 15 is disengaged, disc 11 is in its correct position for the start of another cycle. Just prior to this the gears 21, 17 cease to mesh and shaft 4 is brought smoothly to rest by a second roller of the drive member 16 engaging a second slot in the member 20.
Patent GB-1430519-A (GB)
Title: Purification of benzophenones
IPC: C07C45/79
Filed: 1974-09-26
Abstract: 1430519 Purification of benzophenone GAF CORP 26 Sept 1974 41948/74 Heading C2C Arylphenones of formula wherein R 2  is H or OH, R 1  and R 3  are H, -OH, or -OR, wherein R is C 1-12  alkyl, prepared by the reaction of a benzotrihalide or a benzonitrile with a hydroxy-substituted benzene at a temperature of 25‹ to 50‹ C., are purified by dissolving the crude arylphenones in a non- polar solvent comprising an aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon or a nitro-substituted hydrocarbon or mixtures thereof, and treating the resulting solution with activated clay, e.g. bentonite.
Patent GB-1064656-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphate
IPC: C05B7/00
Filed: 1964-10-15
Abstract: In a process for the preparation of fertilizers containing ammonium phosphate, a calcium nitrate solution produced by the action of a nitric acid containing solution on rock phosphate is reacted in a first reaction zone with a solution containing ammonium and/or potassium sulphate the reactants being in a ratio such that more than 0.8 mol of soluble calcium salt is present per mol of sulphate, holding the precipitate formed in suspension in the mother liquor in a second reaction zone for at least 10 minutes while a filterable gypsum ppt. forms, removing the ppt. and adding ammonia to the mother liquor to reduce its acidity and further processing the mother liquor in known fashion by removal of water and, if desired, addition of other substances, to produce the ammonium phosphate product.  The residence time in first reaction zone and the second reaction zone are preferably at least 5 and 15 minutes respectively, and the preferred ratio of Ca/SO4 in the first reaction zone is between 1 and 1.1. The temperature of the two zones is kept between 15 DEG  and 60 DEG  C., preferably 25 DEG  and 35 DEG  C., and part of the gypsum suspension produced, e.g. 1 to 1.5% by weight, is fed back to the sulphate solution.