Patent RU-2748132-C1 (RU)
Inventor: CHERNYAVETS VLADIMIR VASILEVICH
IPC: G01V1/38
Filed: 2020-07-27
Granted: 2021-05-19
Abstract: FIELD: seismology.  
     SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of seismology, and in particular to methods for determining the precursors of tsunamis and tropical cyclones. Disclosed is a method for determining a tsunami precursor. The method includes the placement of groups of devices for recording seismic signals at deep observation horizons in the coastal zone and at a distance from it in order to gradually determine the danger of a tsunami, connecting them with a communication path with external stations for receiving and processing seismic signals, and recording seismic signals. Additionally, the speed and direction of wind and sea waves, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, the baric gradient of electrical discharges in the atmosphere, frequency of sound waves in the atmosphere are recorded, the correlation coefficient is determined for the measured values ​​of the speed and direction of wind and sea waves, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, the baric gradient of electrical discharges in the atmosphere, the frequency of sound waves in the atmosphere, according to which the possibility of a tsunami wave is estimated. Additionally, long waves in the range of 4-28 Hz are distinguished, phase velocities of which vary in the range of 350-700 m / s, free gravitational waves excited by seismic surface waves are distinguished by the difference in phase velocities, which serve as a signal of the approach of a tsunami. When a tsunami wave is detected in the open ocean up to 1 m high and moving at a speed of 500-700 km / h, the speed and height of this wave are measured. By changing the speed up to 30-60 km and an increase in wave height up to 30-40 m, it is judged about its approach to the coastline. Additionally, long waves are distinguished that occur during tropical tides, which appear at the highest declination of the moon and with an increase in the inequality of tides in time and height, and arising at equatorial tides, which are observed when the declination of the moon is close to zero. An archive of the drive atmospheric pressure and hydrostatic pressure fields is formed according to urgent data in the area of ​​tropical cyclone formation according to measurements made by sensors located on drifting buoys located between the tropics. The type of cloudiness and rainfall is classified according to the results of measurements by meteorological radar stations with double polarization, microwave radiometers and altimetric meteorological satellites. According to the measurement results, zones with a baric gradient of 20-30 mb, a wind speed of 40-100 m / s, an atmospheric pressure in the center of a tropical cyclone of 900 mb or less are distinguished. Communication between drifting buoys and reference points is carried out by means of a radio meteoric communication channel. The forecast error is estimated by constructing a basic interpolation model of the kriging type. When comparing the statistical characteristics of the weather, a grid of hexanes is built in the form of equal regular hexagons, which are obtained by triangulating the sphere by the method of recursive partitioning. When making forecasts for areas affected by local weather signs, appropriate adjustments are made to the forecast values. 
     EFFECT: increasing the reliability of the tsunami forecast with the simultaneous expansion of the functionality of the method for determining the tsunami precursor. 
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