Patent GB-603238-A (GB)
Title: An improved lubricant, and manufacture of addition agents therefor
IPC: C07C309/62
Filed: 1945-06-18
Abstract: The preparation of complex salts suitable for use as detergent additives for lubricants, particularly motor oils, comprises mixing an alkaline earth metal salt of a mahogany sulphonic acid in the presence of mineral oil and water, with an alkaline earth metal chloride and an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and heating the resultant mixture until it has become substantially dehydrated.  All the alkaline earth metal compounds may be calcium compounds and 0.02 to 5.0 per cent by weight of the additive may be dissolved in a mineral lubricating oil.  Other additives of the detergent type such as metal soaps, metal phenates metal alcoholates, metal phenol sulphides, metal organo phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphites, and thiophosphites, metal sulphonates, metal thiocarbamates, metal xanthates and thioxanthates may also be present.  Examples of such addition agents are: barium tert.-octyl phenol sulphide, cobalt tert.-amyl phenol sulphide, tin salt of paraffin wax alkylated phenol sulphide, magnesium cetyl phenate, nickel oleate, calcium dichlorostearate, aluminium-calcium mixed soap of fatty acids from oxidation of petroleum fractions, calcium isohexadecyl phenol sulphonate, barium octadecylate, calcium phenyl stearate, nickel dibutyl dithio carbamate, nickel amyl xanthate, zinc salt of salicylic acid sulphide octyl ester, barium salt of bis-(2,4-diamylphenol)-4-amylphenol dithioether, reaction product of calcium tert.-octyl phenol sulphide and sulphur, reaction product of barium tert.-octyl phenate and phosphorus pentasulphide, and barium 2-stearoyl-4-amyl phenol sulphide.  In an example, mineral lubricating oil is treated with concentrated to fuming sulphuric acid, the acid-treated oil neutralized with sodium carbonate or hydroxide, preferably in aqueous solution, the water-soluble sodium sulphonate drawn off, the neutralized oil extracted with alcohol, the alcohol separated from the sodium sulphonates, the sodium sulphonates dissolved in oil, the resulting oil solution emulsified with 20-100 per cent excess of 15-25 per cent calcium chloride solution, 0.3 to 1.5 per cent of hydrated lime added, and the resultant mixture heated to remove water and filtered.  Apart from synthetic detergents other types of additives may be used in conjunction with the sulphonate complexes, for example, dyes, pour depressors, heat thickened fatty oils, sulphurized fatty oils, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, resins, rubber, olefine polymers, voltolized fats, voltolized mineral oils and/or voltolized waxes, and colloidal solids such as graphite or zinc oxide.  Specific examples of such as co-additives include dibenzyl disulphide, sulphurized sperm oil, voltolized sperm oil, phenyl alpha naphthylamine, polyisobutylene, polymerized lauryl methacrylate, diamyl trisulphide, sulphurized paraffin wax olefines, tricresyl phosphate, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the reaction product of phenol with sulphur chloride treated diisobutylene.  Solvents and solubilizing agents such as esters, ketones, alcohols or aldehydes may also be employed, particularly the higher alcohols having eight or more carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms.  The alcohols may be saturated straight and branched chain aliphatic alcohols such as octyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or heptadecyl alcohol; the corresponding olefinic alcohols such as oleyl alcohol, arylic alcohols, such as naphthenic alcohols; and aryl substituted alkyl alcohols, such as phenyl octyl alcohol, or octadecyl benzyl alcohol.  Mixtures of alcohols may be employed and the alcohols may be pure or substantially pure synthetic alcohols or mixtures of alcohols prepared by the oxidation of petroleum products such as paraffin wax or petrolatum.  Certain mixed naturally occurring alcohols such as those obtainable from wool fat or sperm oil may be used or wool fat or sperm oil itself.ALSO:Oil-soluble complex salts suitable for use as detergent additives in internal-combustion engine lubricating oils and possibly of the nature of Werner co-ordination compounds, are obtained by mixing an oil-soluble alkaline earth metal salt of a mahogany petroleum sulphonic acid in the presence of mineral oil and water, with an alkaline earth metal chloride and an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and heating the resultant mixture until it has become substantially dehydrated.  In an example, an unrefined solvent extracted distillate mineral lubricating oil is treated with concentrated to fuming sulphuric acid, the acid-treated oil neutralized with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or hydroxide, the solution of water-soluble sodium sulphonates drawn off, and the oil-soluble sodium sulphonates ("mahogany soaps") extracted from the neutralized oil with alcohol, the alcohol removed, the residual sulphonates dissolved in mineral lubricating oil, the resulting oil solution emulsified with 20-100 per cent excess of 15-25 per cent calcium chloride solution, 0.3 to 1.5 per cent of hydrated lime added, and the resultant mixture heated to remove water and filtered.