Patent GB-349071-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of lubricating oils
IPC: C10M131/12
Filed: 1930-02-10
Abstract: Lubricating oils, obtained by acting with agents capable of introducing exchangeable substituents into solid or semi-solid hydrocarbons having open chain structure, rich in hydrogen and having a mean molecular weight of at least 170 and preferably of at least 250, and treating the resulting products with condensing agents with previous or simultaneous splitting off of the substituent, are mixed with less valuable lubricating oils such as commercial machine oil or oils having an unsatisfactory viscosity-temperature curve to improve the properties thereof. Examples are given of the admixture of an oil prepared by the above process with (1) a cylinder oil of low hydrogen content to give a motor oil having a temperature-viscosity curve corresponding to that of a Pennsylvania oil; (2) a lubricating oil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of mineral oil, to give a motor oil having the quality of Pennsylvania oil; (3) a machine oil obtained by a destructive hydrogenation of a fraction of Columbia oil boiling above 300 DEG  C.  Specification 320,846, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is referred to.ALSO:Lubricating oils and other hydrocarbon products are obtained by acting with agents capable of introducing exchangeable substituents on solid or semisolid hydrocarbons having open chain structure, being rich in hydrogen, or derivatives of such hydrocarbons or initial hydrocarbon material containing substantial amounts thereof, the initial hydrocarbon materials having a mean molecular weight of at least 170, preferably at least 250, and containing at least 13,5, preferably at least 15, parts of hydrogen for each 100 parts of carbon, and then treating the resulting products with condensing agents.  The exchangeable substituents, which may be oxygen, sulphur, or halogens, are completely or practically completely eliminated, preferably before the condensation and in the presence of a chloride of aluminium, zinc or barium.  The initial materials may be from natural sources or prepared from low-temperature carbonization of brown coal or shales or by the destructive hydrogenation of coals, tars, mineral oils, &c., or synthetically, e.g. by the reduction of oxides of carbon or from cracking or low-temperature carbonization operations, or by polymerizing unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefines, or by hydrogenation of products too poor in hydrogen. Petroleum jelly, ceresine, ozokerite, or Montan wax may also be used.  Halogens may be introduced in the presence of a catalyst such as iodine or antimony chloride and inert diluents such as carbontetrachloride may be used. Oxygen is introduced in the presence of bauxite or clay sherds or by passing oxygen through the fused material in the presence of aluminium fillers.  Sulphur is introduced by using elementary sulphur or sulphuric acid or sulphur trioxide.  The substituents may not enter the molecule but cause the splitting off of hydrogen.  For condensing, chlorides of aluminium, iron, boron, tin, or antimony, or activated aluminium, sodium, alkaline-earth metals, zinc, or alloys thereof may be used.  Inorganic oxides having an acid reaction or salts thereof, e.g. phosphorus pentoxide, molybdenum oxide, tungstic oxide, or chromium oxide are very suitable condensing agents, as also is fuming sulphuric acid and bleaching earths may be added to or used as the condensing agents.  Suspending or emulsifying agents such as dilute aqueous solutions of ammonia or aqueous solutions of wetting agents may be added.  The condensation may be carried out in the presence of inert gases or of olefines or cyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene or mineral coal tar fractions such as crude benzol, middle oils, anthracene oils, tetrahydronaphthalene, naphthenes, cyclohexane, or aromatic oils obtained by destructive hydrogenation &c.  If it is desired to prepare lubricating oils practically exclusively the condensation may be carried out with an addition of substances such as zinc oxide, soda, calcium carbonate, or ammonia which retard the action of the condensing agent.  The oils obtained may be mixed with other oils having a low hydrogen content or having an unsatisfactory viscosity-temperature curve such as commercial machine oil.  Examples are given of (1) the chlorination of a brown coal paraffin wax and subsequent condensation to a motor oil which may subsequently be split up by distillation into a spindle oil and cylinder oil; (2) the chlorination of a soft paraffin wax melting at 40 DEG  C. and subsequent condensation with naphthalene or tetrahydronaphthalene; (3) the chlorination of a solid paraffin wax from brown coal, removal of hydrogen chloride by distillation, and subsequent condensation.  Examples are also given of the admixture of an oil prepared by the present process with (1) a cylinder oil of low hydrogen content to give a motor oil having a temperature-viscosity curve corresponding to that of a Pennsylvanian oil, (2) a lubricating oil obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of mineral oil, to give a motor oil having the quality of Pennsylvanian oils, (3) a machine oil obtained by a destructive hydrogenation of a fraction of Columbia oil boiling above 300 DEG  C.  Provisional Specification 24666/30 refers to the use as initial materials of light viscous oils or middle oils or hydrocarbons of low boiling-point which have a content of more than 15 parts of hydrogen to each 100 parts of carbon, e.g. aliphatic middle oils obtained by distillation from petroleums &c. or by the destructive hydrogenation of coals, tars, mineral oils and oil shales or by pressure extraction of suitable carbonaceous materials such as brown coal.  Specification 320,846, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], is referred to. p