Patent GB-1228616-A (GB)
IPC: G21D3/12
Filed: 1968-07-29
Abstract: 1,228,616. Gas turbine plant - closed cycle type. SULZER BROS. July 29, 1968 [July 27, 1968], No.36072/68. Heading F1G [Also in Division G6]. The invention relates to a gas turbine plant of the closed circuit type utilizing C0 2  as the working fluid, the plant comprising at least two compression stages with inter-stage cooling therebetween at least two turbine expansion stages, the low pressure turbine stage being arranged to drive an external load, means being provided for reheating the working fluid between the turbine stages by means of an external heat source. An adjustable throttle is provided upstream of the low-pressure turbine and at least one recuperator for heating working fluid passing to the high-pressure turbine, a first bypass line containing a flow control valve and connecting the outlet of the HP compressor to a point in the circuit at low-pressure is provided, also a second by-pass line containing a flow control member and by-passing the LP turbine stage. The plant shown in Fig. 1 comprises an LP compressor 1 mounted on a shaft 16 which is driven by an LP turbine 9 which drives also an external load in the form of an electric generator 15; also an IP compressor 3 and an HP compressor 5 which are both mounted on a shaft 17 driven by HP turbine 7. C0 2  from the LP compressor 1 is cooled in interstage cooler 2, further compressed in IP compressor 3, cooled in inter-stage cooler 4 and further compressed in HP compressor 5. The pressurized C0 2  is then heated in recuperator 6 by the C0 2  discharging from the LP turbine 9, the heated C0 2  then passing to the HP turbine 7, the C0 2  being then reheated in nuclear reactor 8, the reheated C0 2  then passing to the LP turbine 9, the exhaust C0 2  from which passes through the recuperator 6, then through pre-cooler 10, finally re-entering the LP compressor 1. An adjustable throttle valve 70 is provided at the inlet to the LP turbine and a by-pass line 71 containing a flow control valve 72 is provided around the LP turbine. Another bypass line 81 containing a flow control valve 82 is provided connecting the outlet of the HP compressor 5 with a point in the circuit at low pressure downstream of the recuperator 6. The valves 70 and 72 are inter-connected and are operable by a control unit 65 in response to speed of the LP shaft 16. The valve 82 is controlled by a control unit 84 in response to pressure ratios across the compressors as sensed at 89, 90, 91, 92. A line 73 containing a flow control valve 74 is provided between the outlet from the HP compressor 5 and the by-pass line 71, the valve 74 being controlled in dependence on temperature of the working fluid entering the recuperator 6 so that when the by-pass valve 72 is open, relatively cool C0 2  from the HP compressor 5 may be admixed with the hot C0 2  discharging from the reactor 8 so as to prevent over-heating in the recuperator 6. In Fig. 2 the C0 2  discharging from the IP compressor 3 is divided into two streams, one passing to the HP compressor 5 without inter-stage cooling, the other passing through cooler 11 and then through a second cooler 12 where the C0 2  is liquefied, at least partially. The liquefied C0 2  then passes to pump 13 where its pressure is increased, the C0 2  then passing to recuperator 14 where it is heated, the heated CO 2  flowing to the point 28 where it rejoins the C0 2  discharging from the HP compressor 5. The combined flow of C0 2  then passes to a further recuperator 6 where it is heated, the heated C0 2  then passing to the HP turbine 7, then through the nuclear reactor 8 where it is reheated. The reheated CO 2  then passes to the LP turbine 9, through the recuperators 6 and 14 to the pre-cooler 10 and thence back to the LP compressor 1. A throttle valve 70 is provided at the inlet to the LP turbine 9, and a by-pass line 71 containing a throttle valve 72 is provided around the LP turbine. A line 78 containing a valve 74 is provided whereby liquefied C0 2  discharging from the cooler 12 may be admixed with hot CO 2  passing through the by-pass line 71 so as to prevent over-heating of the recuperator 6, the valve 74 being controlled in dependence on the temperature of the C0 2  entering the recuperator at point 75. A by-pass line 81 is provided between the highpressure line downstream of the point 28 and the low-pressure line between the recuperators 6 and 14, the line 81 containing a control valve 82 which is controlled by the unit 84 in dependence on pressures at points 89, 90, 91, 92. The unit 84 is also dependent on the speed of the HP shaft 17 as sensed at 37. The valves 70, 72 are controlled in response to speed of LP shaft 16 as sensed at 65, also to load of the generator 15 as sensed at 79.