Patent GB-1173133-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Controlled Transfer Arc Welding
Inventor: NEEDHAM JAMES CHRISTOPHER
IPC: B23K9/09
Filed: 1966-03-29
Abstract: 1,173,133. Welding by fusion. WELDING INSTITUTE. 28 March, 1967 [29 March, 1966], No. 13903/66. Heading B3R. [Also in Division H2] The invention relates to arc-welding of the type in which a gas-shielded consumable electrode is supplied with current cyclically raised at preset intervals to produce controlled transfer of a droplet, and is based on the discovery that the amplitude I of the required current pulse is related to its time duration t by the equation which is applicable for a pulse of substantially square or rectangular waveform and in which B and n are determined by the electrode material, size and speed, by the shielding gas and by the required droplet size. By using this equation a range of operating conditions may be obtained to suit various requirements, e.g. high current, low time duration for surfacing, and lower current, increased time duration for deep penetration, Fig. 4 (not shown). The circuit of Fig. 1 includes one phase of a three-phase arrangement used to supply the welding terminals 18, 22, each phase being identical and comprising a mains-supplied full-wave transformer rectifier system 12 . . . 17, 19, 20, 25, 26. The diodes 20, 26 supply the arc-maintaining current and are connected with their counterparts in the other two phases at the terminal 35, the combined output being adjustable by a rheostat 23. Similarly, silicon controlled rectifiers 19, 25 supply the current pulses and are connected with their counterparts at terminal 34 in turn connected to a rheostat 21. This adjusts the pulse amplitude and is coupled to the adjuster of a member 24 which controls the firing of the rectifiers in the three phases, the arrangement being such that the pulse duration is determined by the number of rectifiers fired in succession and is related to the amplitude by the equation already discussed. To achieve this relationship the coupling between members 21, 24 may be mechanical, e.g. rack, pinion, gears and logarithmic worm, Fig. 3 (not shown), or a shaped cam and follower, or may comprise a non-linear electrical network. According to whether the welding system is constant voltage or constant current, so the adjustment of the pulse duration may be respectively dependent on the current flowing (using a self-balancing servo) or on the power source setting. The control member 24 also varies the pulse repeat frequency, and the repeat frequencies of the gating waveforms are simply related to the mains supply to ensure that the rectangular waveform of each successive pulse is identical. Modifications to the circuit include the use of a three-phase bridge of which one half comprises controlled rectifiers, or the use of parallelconnected semi-conductor circuits comprising power transistors simultaneously switched fully on or off; the use of separate sources to provide the arc-maintaining and pulse currents and the provision of an additional power source to supply short-circuit starting current especially for low pulse repetition frequencies. Typical voltage and current waveforms are discussed for an operation using aluminium electrode wire with argon as the shielding gas, Fig. 2 (not shown).