Patent GB-1077094-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to apparatus for controlling the beam deflection of a cathode ray tube
IPC: G06V30/146
Filed: 1965-03-30
Abstract: 1,077,094. Character recognition. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. March 30, 1965 [April 16, 1964], No. 13341/65. Heading G4R. Deflection voltages for a cathode ray tube document scanner, dependent on time intervals represented by digital inputs, are corrected in accordance with departure of beam movement between two reference marks on the document, from a standard value. The beam positioning of a cathode ray tube used for scanning a document for character recognition purposes is controlled by variable length control words supplied by a digital computer. Each word controls initial positioning and subsequent movement of the beam to read a selected field of the document or for error measurement purposes (see below). In any one of these operations, the characters of the word are supplied in turn by the computer at 11À5 microseconds intervals. The first character specifies the operation and is followed by a blank second character to allow time for resetting within the system. The remaining characters may contain bits which start and stop various " format " integrators used for preparing and storing deflection voltages, there being one bit position corresponding to each of these "format" " integrators, an integrator being stopped when a character arrives with its bit present. Two or more bits may be present in the same character (thus stopping two or more integrators at the same time) but one particular combination of present bits is used (only) to start all the " format " integrators. The " format " integrators are: horizontal fine and coarse, vertical fine and coarse, and end-offield fine and coarse. When on, each coarse integrator increases its stored voltage by enough to deflect the CRT beam by 100 mils, per character time (11À5 microseconds). The corresponding figure for each fine integrator is 10 mils. When the previous operation has been completed, the voltages in the " format " integrators are transferred to corresponding main integrators (horizontal, vertical and end-offield) by increasing the voltages in the latter until equal to those in the former. The horizontal and vertical main integrators supply the two deflection voltages to the CRT, and now contain the initial positioning voltages. Current can now be fed to these two integrators direct to cause scanning of the beam from the initial . position. The end-of-field main integrator is used during field reading to stop the scan at the end of the field, its voltage being compared with that produced by the horizontal main integrator for this purpose. Error features.-To compensate for changes in dimensions (due, e.g. to humidity) and bad positioning of the document including skew, each document (Fig. 6, not shown) has a number of pairs of reference lines printed on it, one horizontal and one vertical line in each pair, and the computer may order one or more error measurements before any field reading operations. In a typical such measurement, the CRT beam is positioned at a reference location near such a pair of lines and then moved in turn horizontally until it meets the vertical line and vertically until it meets the horizontal line, the beam being backspaced slightly between these operations. The meetings referred to are detected by a photomultiplier tube viewing the document. During each of these two movements the voltage of a corresponding integrator, preset to a particular value, is progressively altered until the meeting with the reference line. The residual voltage will be zero in the case of no error and, if non-zero, biases one or more of the " format " integrators to correct for the errors. If the meeting with a reference line is too long delayed, indicating that it has probably been missed altogether, scanning is terminated automatically. The pairs of reference lines used for error measurements depend on document length as specified by the computer. Further features.-The system may also perform a "scan and count" " operation (not described in detail) for diagnostic purposes and for developing a calibration chart for the CRT by scanning test documents. It is mentioned that the first character of a control word may additionally specify when to interrupt a scan or identify the type of characters (on the document) to be recognized. Movement of the beam out of the viewing window is detected by continuous comparison of the deflection voltages with reference voltages. An ageing mode of operation of the system is possible, wherein the beam scans back and forth across the CRT screen, this mode being temporarily entered if an operation terminates before the voltages for the next operation have completely transferred from the " format " integrators to the main integrators.