Patent GB-1040353-A (GB)
Title: Control systems for variable-ratio power transmission mechanisms
IPC: F16H47/08
Filed: 1965-05-13
Abstract: 1,040,353. Change speed control. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION. May 13, 1965 [May 20, 1964], No. 20228/65. Heading F2D. In a fluid pressure control system for actuating ratio establishing clutch and brakes in a vehicle change speed gear wherein shift valves 181, 216 selectively connect a pressure fluid supply line 232, 202 to ratio establishing servomotors 39, 49, 53 under the control of an output speed-responsive pressure loading 77, the valve spools have differential lands a, b, c acted on by the supply pressure in the lower down-shift position and the spaces between the lands a, b; b, c are respectively cut-off from the supply and exhausted in the initial and final movement of the valve spool to provide a two-stage snap action. During downshift reconnection of the supply to the spaces between the lands provides a similar snap action. Function summary.-The gear provides two forward reduced ratios, direct drive and reverse. A manual selector valve 246 provides neutral N, reverse R, fixed low 1 low-intermediate range 1-2, drive range 1-2-3 and intermediate direct range 2-3, the last three ranges giving automatic shifts between low and intermediate ratios, all three ratios and intermediate and high ratios respectively in response to opposing vehicle speed and accelerator pedal setting. Relief valves 242, 244 limit downshift pressures in 1-2 and low ranges to permit upshifts at excessive vehicle speeds. A lock-up disc clutch 21 by-passing a hydrodynamic torque converter 11 through which the gear is driven is engaged automatically when the speed of the converter turbine exceeds a predetermined value, and if engaged is automatically released during ratio shift and on kickdown. Servo pressure is accelerator responsive, is decreased with increasing turbine speed and is reduced in direct drive. Gear arrangement.-An hydrodynamic torque converter 11 transmits the input torque to a three-train planet gear which comprises first and second suns 32, 34 fast with an intermediate shaft 17; an output shaft 36, fast with the first and third planet carriers 34, 69; a first ring gear 31 fast with the second planet carrier 47 and third sun 67; and unattached second and third ring gears 43, 66. A brake 37 on the first ring gear 31 provides first reduced ratio, using the first (middle) train alone. A brake 50 on the second ring gear 43 provides an intermediate reduced ratio, using first and second trains compounded. A clutch 53 between the intermediate shaft 17 and the second planet carrier 47 provides direct drive, whilst a brake 75 on the third ring gear 66 provides reverse compounded in the first and third trains. A powertake-off 61 is fast with the intermediate shaft 17. Fluid-pressure supply and regulation.-The brakes and clutch are engaged by pressure fluid supplied by input and output driven pumps 14, 112. The pumps supply a main line 91 connected to a chamber 122 of a pressure regulator valve 121 which exhausts to a converter feed line 138. The main line pressure acts on a land a in opposition to loading by a spring 131 and throttle variable (" T.V ") pressure 177 acting on a plunger 132. Governor pressure 64 proportional to the speed of the converter turbine acts on a regulator plunger 126 to reduce regulated pressure with increasing speed; direct drive servo pressure 59 acts on a regulator plug 128 to reduce regulated pressure when direct drive is engaged and lock-up clutch pressure 141 acts through a restriction 142 on the land c of the regulator to reduce regulated pressure when the lock-up clutch is engaged. Regulated pressure is supplied through a flow valve 151 and restriction 156 to a servo supply line 103. During ratio shift the regulated pressure is initially reduced and gradually restored to the regulated valve as described below. The torque converter is fed from the line 138 through a lock-up clutch valve 161 and restriction 172 and line 168. A pressure relief valve 138<SP>1</SP> is provided in the line 138. Fluid leaving the converter through a line 178 passes to exhaust through a cooler 179. Fluid system components.-In addition to the parts referred to above, the system includes Pitot governors 62, 76 supplying turbine and output speed responsive governor pressures 64, 77 and a valve 252 which supplies TV pressure 177, is loaded through a spring 256 by a plunger 254 linked to the accelerator pedal. On kickdown the plunger 254 supplies TV pressure to the downshift line 262. A lock-up clutch shift valve 161 connects main line pressure to a clutch supply line 141 when turbine speed responsive governor pressure 64 acting on a valve plug 166 overcomes the loading of a spring 164. On kickdown downshift pressure 262 additionally opposes the governor pressure and in direct drive servo pressure may act through a manually controlled valve 210 and one way valve 211 on the valve plug 166 to ensure engagement of the lock-up clutch. A flow valve 151, which normally connects the lock-up supply line 141 to the clutch servo line 27, is actuated by a pressure differential across its land a caused by a temporary decrease in servo pressure 103 at the beginning of a shift, to release the lock-up clutch 21. A trimmer valve 81 reduces servopressure during ratio shift and gradually restores the pressure to the regulated valve. Operation.-In the 1-2-3 range setting the manual valve 246 supplies servo pressure 103 through a line 232 to the low-intermediate shift valve 216 which at low vehicle speed is moved to its lower position by a spring 244 and TV pressure 177 to connect the line 232 to the low ratio brake servo line 38. On increasing speed, with light throttle pressure, output governor pressure 77 lifts a plunger 223 and acts through a branch line 219 on a plug 221 to move the valve spool 217 upward. At higher throttle openings the output governor pressure 77 lifts the plunger 223 but TV pressure is then sufficient to hold the valve spool 217 in the lower position until a higher vehicle speed is attained whereupon the governor pressure 219 overcomes the TV pressure and hysteresis forces to effect upshift. Initial upward movement of the valve spool 217 cuts the pressure supply from a branch line 230 to the space between differential lands a, b and connects the space to exhaust at 237. The valve spool 217 relieved of differential pressure on the lands a, b then moves rapidly upward and during final movement the pressure on the differential lands b, c is exhausted at 236 for a second stage final rapid movement. The valve in the upper position, as shown, vents the low ratio brake servo line 38 at 236 and connects the supply line 232 through a line 202 to the intermediate direct shift valve 181 which in the intermediate position, shown, connects the line 202 to the intermediate ratio brake servomotor 48. On further increase of vehicle speed the intermediate-direct shift valve 181 upshift in the same manner as the low-intermediate shift valve, described above, to vent the intermediate brake servo line 48 at 208 and to connect the supply line 202 to the direct-drive clutch line 59. In the 1-2 range setting the manual valve 246 supplies pressure 103 additionally through a line 187 including a restriction 241 to act downwardly on the plunger 188 of the intermediate-direct shift valve and enforce downshift. The pressure in the line 187 is limited by a relief valve 242 to permit the shift valve 181 to upshift at excessive vehicle speeds. In the fixed low range 1 setting of the manual selector valve 246 pressure is additionally supplied through a line 226 including a restriction 243 to act downwardly on the plunger 223 of the intermediate-low shift valve and enforce downshift. The pressure in the line 226 is limited by a relief valve 244 to permit the shift valve 216 to upshift at excessive vehicle speeds. In the 2-3 range setting the manual valve 246 supplies pressure 103 to the line 232 and through a line 234 to act on the lower end of the low-intermediate shift valve spool 217 to enforce upshift. In the reverse R setting the manual valve 246 pressurizes the reverse brake servo line 72 and vents the front governor line 64 through a one-way valve 245 and thus prevents engagement of the lock-up clutch 21. Lubrication is supplied by a line 180 fed through a regulator valve 180<SP>1</SP> from the converter exhaust.