baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-804495-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of poly-alkylene terephthalates and fibres and films made therefrom
IPC: C08G63/78
Filed: 1955-10-14
Abstract: A fibre- and film-forming polyalkylene terephthalate is made by polycondensing a monodiol terephthalate, the diol having the formula HO-(CH2)n-OH where n=2-6.  From 5 to 50 mol. percentages of a diol may be added to the reaction mixture before or during the last stage of the polycondensation in order to produce polyesters of high molecular weight.  Polycondensation may be effected by a bulk or continuous process and as catalysts there may be used antimony oxide and zinc borate, zinc acetate and boric anhydride, zinc monomethyl terephthalate and antimony glycolate or antimony trioxide and zinc acetate. Polycondensation may also be effected in solution, e.g. in nitrobenzene, preferably in presence of a strong acid catalyst (e.g. p-toluene sulphonic acid) and the polyalkylene terephthalate obtained from the solution by dilution with a liquid in which it is insoluble, e.g. petroleum ether.  Examples describe the production of polyethylene-, polypropylene-, polybutylene- and polyhexylene-terephthalate.  The monodiol terephthalate is obtained by reacting a mono-alkyl or mono-phenol ester of terephthalic acid with a diol (see Group IV (b)).  The invention of Specification 777,128 is disclaimed.ALSO:A monoglycol ester of terephthalic acid is made by reacting an alkali metal salt of a monoalkyl or mono-phenol terephthalate with a diol of formula HO-(CH2)n-OH, where n = 2-6, in presence of ions produced by the dissociation of an alkali metal diol compound, and liberating the monoglycol ester from the salt so obtained.  Reaction may be effected by reacting a solution of alkali metal in the diol with the alkyl or phenol terephthalate or alkali metal salt thereof.  Esters of primary, secondary and less preferably tertiary alcohols may be used.  After isolation and recrystallization of the salt formed, the reaction liquid as such may be used for a further similar ester-interchange.  The free monoglycol terephthalate may be liberated from the salt by addition of acid or by use of an ion-exchanger and may be purified by recrystallization.  The alkali metal salt of the mono-alkyl or monophenol terephthalate may be made by reacting the terephthalate with alkali metal hydroxide or bicarbonate in aqueous medium.  Examples are given.  The monoglycol terephthalates are polycondensed to fibre- and film-forming polyalkylene terephthalate (see Group IV (a)).  Specification 777,128 is referred to.
Patent GB-334407-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in steam locomotives
IPC: B61C1/12
Filed: 1929-09-27
Abstract: 334,407. Henschel & Sohn Akt.-Ges. Nov. 13, 1928, [Convention date]. Power -generating systems.-In a railway locomotive part of the exhaust steam from the main engine is condensed at approximately the exhaust pressure and the remainder is expanded in one or more engines for auxiliary purposes being subsequertly condensed in a separate condenser or condensers under a partial vacuum. In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 3 the boiler steam passes through a superheater B to the main engine D and the exhaust therefrom passes through pipes G, J, partly to auxiliary engines F, L, and partly to a main condenser system K working at atmospheric pressure. The auxiliary engine F drives a blower E and exhausts into a surface condenser H, the condensate from which is pumped into the tank P of the main condenser, this tank serving as the feed water tank. The auxiliary engine L drives fans N and a condensate. pump O and exhausts into a condenser M, the condensate from which is pumped by the pump O into the tank P. The main condenser comprises the tank P, pipes Q, and condensers Z through which air is drawn by the fans N. Either surface or evaporative condensers may be employed. In a modification for a locomotive employing pulverized fuel, the auxiliary engine L also drives the blower for the furnace and the fuel conveyer.
Patent GB-772842-A (GB)
Title: Improved device for treating liquid cast iron with a reagent
IPC: C21C1/08
Filed: 1953-10-26
Abstract: 772,842. Spheroidal graphite cast iron. GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUTTE STERKRADE AKT.-GES;. Oct. 26, 1953 [Oct. 27, 1952; March 6, 1953], No. 29550/53. Addition to 746,594. Class 72 [Also in Group XII] Apparatus for the production of spheroidal graphite in cast iron by the addition of magnesium or an alloy thereof containing at least 40 per cent magnesium through an interchangeable nozzle as claimed in the parent Specification comprises a nozzle, preferably of a sintered, pressed, heat-resisting material, reinforced by metal, which is surrounded by a metal casing. As shown, a nozzle 2 of frustoconical shape has a tube 6 fitted in a bore, reinforcing metal rings 3 and a metallic casing 4 which is shorter than the body of the nozzle. A cooling medium pipe 5 may surround the casing. A fixing flange 7, which may form a connection to a source of molten magnesium has a reduced bore of diameter equal to the bore of the tube 6. A metal plug 10 of lower melting point than the cast iron is inserted into the tube 6 to prevent the magnesium from entering the vessel before the latter is filled with cast iron.
Patent GB-254176-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to differential gearing
IPC: F16D41/16
Filed: 1925-11-24
Abstract: 254,176. Stratford, H. C. Nov. 24, 1925. Differential gearing for motor vehicles &c. comprises twin ratchet drives each with two sets of pawls 19, 20 for driving in one and the other direction respectively. The ring or cage 7 which carries all four sets of separately-pivoted pawls carries lugs 24 projecting radially into recesses 12 in a main drive ring 11. The pawls have lugs 21, 22 thrust apart by springs 23. When drive in either direction takes place, the ring 11 moves relatively to the cage 7 engaging the lugs of the pawls not required, and raises such pawls clear of the two differentially-driven central ratchet or toothed wheels 5. The drive ring then engages the lugs 24, which take the thrust. The thrust then passes through the other pawls which are spring-held in engagement with central wheels 5. Either wheel 5 is free to overrun. When the gearing is at rest, all the pawls are in engagement with the wheels 5, so that there is no lost motion in starting. Spacers 9 form part of the cage 7.
Patent GB-340532-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in parallel rulers
IPC: B43L7/12
Filed: 1929-10-01
Abstract: 340,532. Parallel rulers. POWER, R. F., 18, Chesterford Gardens, Hampstead, London. Oct. 1, 1929. No. 29705. [Class 97 (iii).] A parallel ruler is provided at the middle of one edge with means to enable it to rotate about a setting point. Such means preferably comprise a spring-urged plunger 1 rotatably mounted in a bridge-piece 3 on the rule b. The setting point which is isolated by the member 5 and indicated by the pointer 6 is engaged by a needle 10. The latter may be carried by the plunger 1 or by a hinged member actuated by the plunger. Alternatively the needle may be dispensed with and the drawing surface frictionally engaged by a horseshoe-shaped member 5 having underneath a rubber ridge 7 or one or more suction cavities. Means may be provided for securing the plunger in the depressed position.
Patent GB-713412-A (GB)
Title: Production of organic thionophosphorus halides
IPC: C07F9/34
Filed: 1952-11-24
Abstract: Organothionophosphonyl halides of the formula <FORM:0713412/IV (b)/1> or <FORM:0713412/IV (b)/2> in which R is an organic radical such as aryl, alkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl and X is a halogen, are prepared by sulphurizing an organic halophosphine RPX2 or R2PX, preferably at a temperature not above about 90 DEG  C., in the presence of a catalytic amount of a polyvalent metal halide, e.g. aluminium chloride. The sulphurizing agent may be sulphur, thiophosphoryl chloride or a phosphorus sulphide, and a solvent such as phosphorus trichloride or carbon disulphide may be present.  The following examples are given: (1) phenyldichlorophosphine is reacted with sulphur in the presence of aluminium chloride and phosphorus trichloride to give benzenethionophosphonyl dichloride; (2) the example is repeated using various amounts of catalysts and other solvents; (3) phenyldichlorophosphine is reacted with thiophosphoryl chloride with and without the addition of aluminium chloride catalyst; (4) phenyldichlorophosphine is reacted with phosphorus pentasulphide in the presence of aluminium chloride and phosphorus trichloride to give benzenethionophosphonyl dichloride; (5) ethyldichlorophosphine is reacted with sulphur in the presence of benzene and aluminium chloride.  The preferred amounts to be used are 0.08 to 0.15 mols. of catalyst and 1 to 2 gram atoms of available sulphur per mol. of organic halophosphine, and 2 to 3 volumes of solvent per volume of organic halophosphine. Other organic halophosphines specified are butyldibromo-, benzyldichloro-, tolyldichloro-, isopropylphenyldichloro-, naphthodibromo-, methylethylbromo-, methylphenylchloro-, di-(chlorophenyl) bromo-, and dinaphthylchloro-phosphines.
Patent GB-779581-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for treating the fleece or hide of an animal
IPC: A01K13/00
Filed: 1953-10-28
Abstract: 779,581. Treating animals with insecticides &c. MITCHELL, W. A. G., STAPLES, M. H. M., and WENMOUTH, A. G. July 2, 1954 [Oct. 28, 1953 ; Dec. 14, 1953], Nos. 29738/53 and 34691/53. Class 5(1). [Also in Group XVIII] Apparatus for treating the fleece or hide of an animal comprises a framework carrying rotatably mounted rollers against which an animal can rub itself and to which an insecticide, detergent, or other fluid is supplied. The device comprises a horizontal framework 1, which may include a shallow footbath, supporting a  tubular frame 2 in which is mounted an axle 10 carrying a horizontal roller 11 and normally spring-pressed to the bottom of slots 5 in the framework uprights. Supported by brackets on the axle are spindles carrying rollers 18 pressed inwardly by springs 20, the spring- mounting of the rollers 11, 20 permitting the passage of animals of different sizes. The rollers are supplied with liquid by a measuring vessel 30 mounted above the device and supplied from a tank 40, the valve controlling the outlet from the measuring vessel being operated by an animal passing under the roller 7. The rollers may be formed of synthetic resin, toughened rubber, or hard wood with matt surfaces or may consist of metal tubes in which case the liquid may be supplied through perforations in the walls.
Patent GB-1157682-A (GB)
Title: Foamed Plastics Based Buildings Blocks
IPC: E04B2/02
Filed: 1966-07-04
Abstract: 1,157,682. A foamed polystyrene building block. CONTEMPORARY WALLS L t d. 4 July, 1966 [2 July, 1965], No. 29841/66. Headings C3C and C3P. [Also in Division E1] An apertured blook 20 moulded from foamed polystyrene to have an integral skin 51 of <SP>1</SP>/64 to “ of an inch and a density of 10 to 60 1b./cu. ft., and a core density of 2 to 4 1b./cu. ft., is formed by introducing into the mould two and one-half to ten times the amount of foam required to produce a block of the same size with a density of 2 to 4 1b./cu. ft. The foamed polystyrene may include additional combustion retarding additives such as phosphorus and/or halogen containing materials, e.g. tris-#-chloroethyl phosphate; tris-dichloropropyl phosphate; chlorinated bi-phenyls and polyphenyls, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate; tetrabromobisphenol; tetrabromophthalic anhydride, pentabromophenol, and other phosphate based polyols.
Patent GB-601926-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of moisture-proof sheet or film
IPC: C08J7/048
Filed: 1945-11-12
Abstract: Coating compositions consist of (a) n-butanol-melamine-formaldehyde resin, p-toluene sulphonic acid, ethyl acetate, toluene, isobutanol; (b) nitrocellulose, paraffin wax, gum dammar, diphenyl lauramide; (c) nitrocellulose, isobutanol - melamine - formaldehyde resin, p-toluene sulphonic acid; (d) chlorinated rubber, n - butanol - melamine - formaldehyde resin, p-toluene sulphonic acid, ethyl acetate, toluene, isobutanol; (e) co-polymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, n-butanol-melamine formaldehyde resin, p-toluene sulphonic acid, ethyl acetate, toluene isobutanol; (f) polyvinyl butyral, n - butanol - melamine - formaldehyde resin, p-toluene sulphonic acid, ethyl acetate, toluene, isobutanol.
Patent GB-192796-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in bulb holders for use in electric cycle and like lamps
IPC: H01R33/46
Filed: 1921-11-12
Abstract: 192,796. Miller, C. A., and Miller, F. J. Nov. 12, 1921. Holders.-A bulbholder of the singlecontact type is formed by a casing a and a cap b between which are clamped insulating discs f, g and a metal plate e carrying the contact pin c. Instead of the disc seating being formed on the cap b, and the flange on the casing a as shown, the disc seating may be formed on the casing and the flange on the cap. An additional plate h may be provided as a pressure plate. Specification 192,519, [Class 75 (iii), Lamps &c., Details of], is referred to.
Patent GB-797577-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of flaky powders
IPC: B01J2/00
Filed: 1956-10-04
Abstract: Flaky powders such as are used in powder metallurgy, for paint manufacture or for the magnetic cleaning of grain, are formed by milling a non-flaky granulated material in a ball or oscillator mill in the presence of up to 10 per cent by weight of a volatile liquid which is inert towards the granulated material, for not more than 20 hours.  The liquid is preferably in the proportion of from 0.1 to 5 per cent by weight and may be methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum, benzine or toluene; a lubricant such as a paraffin, stearine or silicone may be dissolved in the volatile liquid.  The powder is preferably iron, aluminium, copper or tin.  Specific examples are given.
Patent GB-686810-A (GB)
Title: Process for manufacturing low-carbon chromium steels
IPC: C22C33/04
Filed: 1950-12-13
Abstract: A process for manufacturing low carbon chromium steels by oxidizing the carbon contained in a bath of molten chromium-containing ferrous metal to produce a chromium rich slag, is characterized by adding to said slag, lime and a reducing agent containing 5-25 per cent Al, 35-55 per cent Si, 10-45 per cent Cr, less than 0.1 per cent C, the remainder at least 3 per cent iron and incidental impurities, the amount of such agent added to the slag being such that the Al and Si content of the agent is sufficient to reduce substantially all the oxides of Cr and Fe in the slag, the amount of lime added to the slag being sufficient to produce a molar base ratio of lime to silicon of at least 1.2 with the silicon oxidized from said reducing agent, and the heat energy supplied to said bath being maintained until the reduction of the oxides of chromium and iron is substantially complete.
Patent GB-1437976-A (GB)
Title: Striking of an arc between cathode and anode in a reactor for the production of hydrocarbons
IPC: H05B31/30
Filed: 1973-06-27
Abstract: 1437976 Initiating arcs AGA AB 27 June 1973 [29 June 1972] 30503/73 Heading H5H In a method of striking an arc between a widely separated cathode 2 and anode 7 in a reactor for cracking hydrocarbons, wherein there are a plurality of intermediate electrodes 3-6 between the cathode and anode, a striking voltage is applied during a brief interval of time between the cathode 2 and the intermediate electrode 3 closest to the cathode so that an arc is struck between them, the voltage to this intermediate electrode 3 is then switched off so that the arc travels to the next intermediate electrode 4, the voltage to this next intermediate electrode is then switched off so that the arc travels to the following line intermediate electrode 5, and this process is repeated until a fully developed arc is obtained between the cathode and the anode. The voltage switching is controlled by control equipment 9 acting through switches 15-18. There is an ignition device 8 between the cathode 2 and its nearest intermediate electrode 3, which may be a high frequency ignition device or a spark discharge ignition device. Inductances 14 are inserted in the intermediate electrode circuits to suppress h.f. interference and give a desired current rise time.
Patent GB-428588-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in line spacing mechanism for typewriters and like machines
IPC: B41J19/84
Filed: 1934-10-24
Abstract: 428,588. Typewriters &c. WANDERERWERKE VORM. WINKLHOFER & JAENICKE AKT.-GES., Sch÷nau, near Chemnitz, Germany. Oct. 24, 1934, No. 30528. Convention date, Oct. 24, 1933. [Class 100 (iv)] Line-spacing mechanism.-A pawl-carrier provided with a space-adjusting device is actuated directly by an arm of the spacing- lever, the pawl-carrier and spacing-lever being separately mounted on the platen-carriage. A cushioning-member may be arranged between the pawl-carrier and spacing-lever. The mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 3 is mounted as a unit on a frame 2 attached to the platen-frame. The mechanism comprises a rocking carrier or arm 8 mounted on a pivot 6 and provided with a spring-urged pawl 7 for co-operation with a ratchet-wheel 4 on the platen-shaft 3<a>. The pivot 17 of the pawl is arranged between cheeks 12 on the rocking arm. A spacing-adjuster, mounted on the rocking arm, consists of a revoluble knob 24 having a cam-face 23 which co-operates with the tail 22 of the pawl to determine the point of engagement of the tooth 21 of the pawl with the ratchet-wheel. The knob has space-indicating numerals on the top, and is provided with a sleeve 27 having flats 28 co-operating with a spring-detent. The spacing lever 35 is mounted on a pivot 40 and is formed with an arm 39 having a roller 34 which engages a spring cushioning-blade 33 on the arm 8. The arm and spacing-lever are returned by means of springs 14, 42, and are arrested by means of a pin 37 arranged in the path of short arm 41 on the spacing-lever. The pawl is formed with an overthrow-preventing tooth 38. The ratchet-wheel co-operates with a detent-roller 43 carried by a spring-urged lever 44 which is mounted on an adjustable eccentric-pivot 45, and engages a releaselever 46.
Patent GB-810651-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to conveyors
IPC: B65G17/20
Filed: 1953-11-04
Abstract: 810,651. Endless conveyers. SUTCLIFFE Ltd., R., and STREETS, H. March 24, 1955 [Nov. 4, 1953], No. 30531/53. Class 78 (1). In a conveyer comprising an endless belt or other flexible load conveying member having a forward and a return run and driven by at least one driving cable, the belt being provided on its non-load conveying surface with means for engaging the cable or cables, the belt is inverted at or adjacent each end of its return run, the cable or cables being disengaged from the cableengaging means before and re-engaged with the cable-engaging means after each inversion. As shown, the return run of the belt 1 is inverted at both ends 19, 24 of its return run by twisting it through 180 degrees so that the conveying surface is uppermost in both runs. The twisting is controlled by rollers 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, oblique rollers 34 also being provided if desired. The belt 1 has duck reinforcement and steel slat inserts 7 which bend under load to trough the belt. Grooved mouldings 9, e.g. of rubber, at the sides of the belt rest in both runs on a pair of endless driving cables 4, which, at the beginning of their return run, are deflected over pulleys 10, 13 to driving drums (Fig. 2, not shown) and back over pulleys 12, 15 to the underside of the belt after twisting. The two driving drums are driven through differential gearing from a single driving motor. At the other end of their return run, the cables are separated from the section of the belt 24 being twisted pass over tension pulleys 6 mounted on a weightactuated carriage 27 and further inclined pulleys 26 on a carriage 28 supporting the belt drum 3 at that end, so that the belt is also tensioned by the weight acting on carriage 27, and then pass inwardly from the sides of the belt to join the return run of the belt just before it passes around drum 3. Specification 601,625 is referred to.
Patent GB-520451-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to mechanism for producing a combined rotary and reciprocating movement and to applications thereof
IPC: F16H31/00
Filed: 1938-10-22
Abstract: 520,451. Sliver-rubbing apparatus. POOL, W. Oct. 22, 1938, No. 30600. [Class 120 (i)] [Also in Group XXIV] A roller 22, Fig. 2, for driving a band, e.g., a rubbing band as used for compacting continuous assemblies of staple fibres in the preparation of textile threads, is given a rotary motion and at 'the same time is reciprocated axially. The ends of the roller have ratchet teeth 23, 24 facing in a direction opposite to that in which the roller is to rotate. Ratchet members 25, 26 of the same diameter as the roller, have teeth facing in the same direction as the roller is to rotate, these members being so arranged that when the roller is in full engagement with one of the ratchet members it is just clear of the other. The members 25, 26 are continuously oscillated by eccentrics 27, 32 arranged 180 degrees out of phase, and which drive discs 29, 33 connected to the members 25, 26 by steel tapes 31, 34. Movement of the member 25, Fig. 3, causes the roller to move to the right and be engaged by the member 26. When the movement of the members 25, 26 is reversed, the roller is moved to the left and is again driven in the same direction by the member 25. The arrangement is such that a onetooth movement of the ratchet members results in a two-tooth movement of the roller 22 which, for a part of its movement, is rotated without reciprocation. If, however, the ratchet members 'are oscillated over the space of half a tooth only, then the whole motion of the roller is one of combined rotation and reciprocation. In Fig. 1, a bundle of continuous filaments 1, with little or no twist, is drawn through a gate 3 by feed rollers 4 and delivered to an air jet 5 and thence propelled to lie above a hair clipper 6. The separated filaments are carried into the cutter 6 by a deflector 7. The forward ends of the fibres reach the point 8 of a permeable support 9 passing round a suction tube 10 perforated at 11. The upper run of the support 9 moves towards the nip of rollers 12, 13 the latter of which together with a roller 14 serving to carry an end- 'less band 15 against which bears an endless band 16 on rollers 17, 18. The rollers 13, 14 and 17, 18 have the movement described above, whereby the groups of filaments which form a continuous assembly which is compacted by the rubbing bands and when it emerges is twisted into a staple fibre 20 by the ring spinning device 21. Specification 484,190 is referred to
Patent GB-426610-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to waistbands for trousers or other garments
IPC: A41F9/02
Filed: 1934-10-25
Abstract: 426,610. Wearing-apparel. ZENTLER, A., 15B, Ballenstaedterstrasse and KNOBLOCH, H., 1, Gertraudenstrasse, both in Berlin. Oct. 25, 1934, No. 30606. Convention date, April 7. [Class 141] A waistband for trousers, skirts, coats, or other garments is provided with adjusting means comprising two straps x, y, each fastened at one end to the waistband, the free ends of the straps being threaded through a loop or buckle b which is either left free or attached to the waistband, and secured adjustably to fastening devices, e.g. buttons, provided on the waistband.