baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-585772-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture of furfural
Filed: 1944-11-20
Abstract: A process for the production of furfural comprises subjecting pentosan-containing vegetable raw material, which is non-finely divided, and without agitation, to heat and pressure in a stationary reaction vessel, together with an aqueous liquid in an amount such that under the reaction conditions all or substantially all of the said liquid is absorbed by the material, and passing steam through the reaction mass to remove the furfural; preferably, the steam is passed continuously so as to remove the furfural as it is formed.  By using non-finely divided material, the reaction vessel can be substantially filled with it without it being entrained in the vapour stream.  The reaction vessel should, preferably, have a ratio of length to greatest cross-sectional dimension of at least 2 : 1. Materials which may be treated include cereal husks, cotton seed hulls, maize cobs and stalks, bagasse, wood from, for example, various deciduous and coniferous trees, cereal straw, coconut shell and palm kernel shell.  Fibrous material should be chopped into short lengths of not less than 1/4 inch, while the various woods should be used in fragments having a minimum dimension of 1/4 inch. Materials difficult to wet may be given a preliminary treatment with a wetting agent, such as "Lissapol N" (Registered Trade Mark) or Aerosol O.T., or a wetting agent may be incorporated in the aqueous liquid used in the process.  In general, the ratio by weight of aqueous liquid to solid employed is from 1 : 3 to 2 : 1. Desirably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of added acids and/or salts, especially of strong mineral acids.  Operating temperatures are generally between 150 DEG  and 200 DEG  C. and the pressure, at least in the early stages, that of saturated, but not wet steam.  Uniform distribution of the aqueous liquid is desirable and may be effected by spraying the material as it is fed into the vessel by means of an inwardly-directed ring of jets in the upper part of the vessel or, where a conveyer band is used, by spraying the material in a fine layer thereon.  The residual mass left in the vessel may be removed as a slurry by subjecting it to the action of jets of water situated near the base of the vessel.  In typical examples: (1) a reaction vessel having a ratio of length to diameter of 15 : 1 and a steam inlet at the base and vapour outlet in the top, was charged with oat husks and steam passed through to maintain a liquidto solid ratio of 1 : 3 and a temperature of 188 DEG  C. at a pressure of 150 lbs.; the issuing vapours of water and furfural were condensed, the yield of furfural based on the weight of dry husks being 9.8 per cent; (2) as in (1), the oat husks during the charging being sprayed with water containing 2 per cent of sulphuric acid based on the weight of the husks, the total quantity of liquid being such that, together with water from the steam used subsequently, the liquid solid ratio was 1 : 1.  Specification 203,691, [Class 2 (iii)], is referred to.
Patent GB-865783-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in flexible tubes or hoses
IPC: F16L33/20
Filed: 1958-07-18
Abstract: 865,783. Flexible tubes ; pipe couplings. ROHDE, A. E. July 18, 1958 [July 30, 1957], No. 23159/58. Class 99(1) and 99(2). In a tube or hose comprising a wall of flexible non-metallic material, e.g. polyvinyl chloride or rubber, and a main bore 6, the wall of the tube is formed with at least one longitudinally subsidiary bore 7 in which is located a flexible wire 11 freely movable longitudinally therein within predetermined limits. As shown, four subsidiary bores are provided concentrically with respect to the bore 6 and one end of the tube has secured thereto by means of indentations 13, 14 a sleeve 12 which forms an abutment for the wires 11, the sleeve being provided with a screw-threaded extension 15 and a locking nut 16. The other end of the tube may be provided with a nozzle. In a modification, the main bore is arranged eccentrically to the circumference of the tube and a subsidiary bore is provided in the thicker part of the tube wall.
Patent GB-1111194-A (GB)
Title: Thermally insulated pipe and method for forming the same
IPC: F16L58/18
Filed: 1966-05-25
Abstract: 1,111,194. Thermally-insulated pipes; pipe Joints. JOHNS-MANVILLE CORPORATION. 25 May, 1966 [24 June, 1965], No. 23250/66. Headings F2G and F2P.  Foamed polyurethane insulation 10 is disposed between coaxial asbestos-cement pipes 4, 6 which may have liners 26, 28 of epoxy resin. The liner 26 connects with a coating 30 covering the ends 8 of the pipe 4, the ends 8 of adjacent pipes being connected by a coupling 16 formed with grooves 18, 20, in which are received resilient gaskets 22, and having a coating 32 of epoxy resin.
Patent GB-988304-A (GB)
Title: Self-extinguishing resinous compositions
IPC: C07D317/12
Filed: 1963-06-11
Abstract: Tetrabromophthalic anhydride free of acidity and hence of use in resin compositions (see Division C3) is prepared by (i) dissolving the impure anhydride (containing sulphuric acid) in dilute NaOH solution, filtering, treating the filtrate with dilute HCl to precipitate tetrabromophthalic acid, filtering, reslurrying the acid several times with hot water, and heating for several hours at 150 DEG  C. to convert the acid into the anhydride; or (ii) by mixing the crude anhydride with an organic or inorganic base or salt, such as NaCl, NaOH, sodium acetate, disodium tetrabromophthalate, urea, dilute NH4OH, CaCl2, cetyl pyridinium bromide, benzyl trimethylammonium hydroxide and cetyl dimethylamine.ALSO:Self-extinguishing polyester resins are prepared by reaction between tetrabromophthalic anhydride which is free from residual acidity, obtained by purifying it via tetrabromophthalic acid or by mixing it with an organic or inorganic salt or base (see Division C2); and a di- or polyhydric alcohol or a mixture thereof, and optionally also with a di- or polyacid anhydride having active unsaturation.  The polyester may subsequently be mixed with a vinyl monomer and a polyester resin gelation inhibitor, and optionally also with a further flame-proofing material; these mixtures may subsequently be cured by addition of a polyester resin gelation initiator.  Solvents such as xylene may be used.  Specified reactants are: alcohols-ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, sorbitol and mannitol; acid anhydrides - maleic and phthalic; vinyl monomers-styrene, vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate; gelation inhibitors-hydroquinone, p-tert-butyl catechol, and p-nitroso dimethylaniline; gelation initiators-acetyl benzoyl peroxide, peracetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, methyl amyl ketone peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzoate, di-tert-butyl diperphthalate, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, di-tertbutyl peroxide and dibenzol peroxide; further flame-proofing materials-antimony oxide in a chlorinated wax, triphenyl stibine and trialkoxy stibine in a chlorinated wax, PBr3, POCl3, PCl3, PCl5, H3PO3, H3 PO4, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphite, tributyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, dipropyl chloromethylphosphonate, pentachlorodiphenyl, hexachloroethane and triallyl borate.  If oils are incorporated, alkyd resins are obtained.  It is also stated that tetrabromophthalic anhydride free from residual acidity can be used as a cross-linking agent in epoxy resins.
Patent GB-170700-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in, or relating to, plates and dishes
IPC: A47G19/02
Filed: 1920-08-10
Abstract: 170,700. Williams, J. Aug. 10, 1920. Plates or dishes E are supported upon carriers each comprising an annular side wall A bent outwards to form a rabbet b to fit over the upper edge of the article below, and sheet metal walls C, D forming a hot water container. The upper edges of the parts A, C, D are curled over a strengthening wire a. A part F is snapped into position over a beading a<1> or into a groove. A filling hole H and a cap h allow access to the container. The plate E may be dispensed with. The upper-most lid is similar except that it is not adapted to carry a plate or dish and may be formed with a flat top.
Patent GB-245205-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electric terminals, connectors or the like
IPC: H01R13/02
Filed: 1924-10-03
Abstract: 245,205. Barnett, D. E. Oct. 3, 1924. Plug couplings.-A cylindrical plug 1 with an axial hole 2 and longitudinal grooves 4, screws into a conducting cylinder 5 having an internal shoulder 6. The wire or cable is passed through the cylinder 5 from the shouldered end, through the hole 2 and grooves 4 in the plug 1 and is wound upon itself; the plug is then screwed into the cylinder so as to clamp the wire against the shoulder 6. The coupling can be secured in an insulator 8 by a flange 7 on the coupling butting against the insulator and a terminal or pin 9 screwed into the opposite end of the cylinder. Alternatively the end of the cylinder 5 may be formed as a socket and a ring be screwed on the outside thereof.
Patent GB-266627-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in presses for drawing and punching sheet metal and the like
IPC: B21D24/08
Filed: 1926-09-24
Abstract: 266,627. Fitzpatrick, H. D., (Marquette Tool & Manufacturing Co.). Sept. 24, 1926. Cupping; punching.-The blank-holder cushion of a cupping-press is pivotally mounted so that it may be swung clear in order to allow of the replacement of the cupping-dies by blank-punching dies. The machine comprises a press-head carrying frame 11 pivoted at 12 on a base 10. When cupping, the blank-holder 17 is supported by a fluid-pressure cushion 22 mounted on a bracket 23 which is pivoted to the frame 11 at 24 and is tied at its forward end by rods 25 to the front part of the frame 11. The machine is canverted to a blank-punching press by uncoupling the nuts 28, swinging clear the bracket 23 and replacing the operating tools by blank-punching dies. The cushion cylinder is retained in the inoperative position by a hook 42.
Patent GB-691871-A (GB)
Title: Electric cooking device
IPC: H05B3/68
Filed: 1950-09-26
Abstract: 691,871. Automatic temperature control systems. WEHRLI, A. Sept. 26, 1950, No. 23581/50. Drawings to Specification. Class 38 (iv). [Also in Group XI] A cooking device comprising a housing with a top cavity for a cooking vessel and resistance heaters resiliently and retractably mounted to be moved against or away from the bottom and sides of the vessel carries two thermostats, one of which cuts off the current at a higher temperature and energizes an electromagnet or reversible electric motor to move the heaters away from the vessel. The other thermostat switches in the heaters, preferably in stages at a lower temperature and starts the motor in the reverse direction to move the heaters against the vessel.
Patent GB-603795-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic or pneumatic servomotor systems
IPC: F15B13/01
Filed: 1945-09-13
Abstract: 603,795. Hydraulic machines. ELECTROFLO METERS CO., Ltd., and HOLT, J. S. Sept. 13, 1945, No. 23624. [Class 69 (ii)] [Also in Group XXVIII] In hydraulic system comprising a power piston or like element 14 for the displacement of imbalanced loads under the control of a control valve 3, a trapping valve device 5 is provided in fluid connection with that part of the power cylinder 1 to which the unbalanced load urges the power element, the trapping valve being maintained open by pressure fluid which has not passed through the control valve only so long as the pressure of such fluid is above a predetermined value. The device 5 comprises a spring-closed ball valve 9 controlling the connection between pipes 12, 13 and normally held off its seat 10 by a pin 16 on a differential piston 6 of which the larger piston 6b is exposed to the supply pressure through a branch conduit 17. A drain conduit 18 opens between the pistons 6a, 6b. The control valve 3 may be operated manually or automatically. Where the unbalanced load may act in either direction, a trapping valve is provided in each of the conduits to the power cylinder. When the trapping valve is closed, the piston 14 may be allowed to descend under the control of an adjustable bleed valve.
Patent GB-1206068-A (GB)
Title: Fluid operated, low frictional actuator
IPC: F15B15/14
Filed: 1969-05-09
Abstract: 1,206,068. Pistons. ERWIN KAMPF MASCHINENFABRIK. 9 May, 1969 [31 May, 1968], No. 23710/69. Heading F2T. [Also in Division F1] In a double-acting fluid-operated actuator comprising a piston 7 movable in a cylinder 1, the piston is a sliding fit in the cylinder bore and its cylindrical surface is provided with two spaced groups of labyrinth grooves 11, 12 and a vented annular chamber 13 therebetween. This arrangement provides an actuator having an improved response as compared with actuators having piston packings and seals. The chamber 13 is vented to the atmosphere through passages 14-18. The ends of the cylinder are closed by covers 2, 3 having fluid inlet/outlet ports 4.
Patent GB-441640-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric alarm and/or control devices
IPC: G05B1/04
Filed: 1934-08-17
Abstract: 441,640. Actuation of switches. FOSTER, C. E., Elm Tree House, Letchworth Lane, and FENNELL, C. A. F., Woodsclose, Manor Way, both in Letchworth, Hertfordshire. Aug. 17,1934, No. 23740. [Class 38 (v)] [See also Group XXXVIII] Mercury tube switches are operated by flexible links such as Bowden wires. As shown, the pointer P is periodically depressed by bar B and if the pointer has moved out of its central position either platform C or platform D is forced down so that the flexible link H or J tilts the mercury switch R. The links may act the same switch or individual switches may be provided.
Patent GB-360835-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with toothed transmission gearing
IPC: F16H63/30
Filed: 1930-08-08
Abstract: 360,835. Winches. X-ENGINE CO., Ltd., 99, Queen Street, Melbourne, Australia. Aug. 8, 1930, No. 23800. Convention date, Aug. 20, 1929. [Class 78 (v).] Toothed wheels employed in the driving-gear of winches &c. are constructed to adapt themselves to inaccuracies in their companion wheels by forming them from a series of laminµ 24 loose on a hand or power-driven shaft 18 and spaced by smaller friction discs splined to the shaft. The discs and laminµ are pressed into clutching relation, so that drive may be transmitted from the shaft 18 to the spur wheel 21, driving, for example, the winding- drum 22, Fig. 1, by springs 29 the pressure of which may be relieved by cam or screw means. A reversible ratchet and pawl detent 40, 41 prevents back-running of the load, which may however be 'lowered at any desired speed by relieving the pressure upon the laminae. Alternatively, the clutching pressure may be applied, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, by providing a driving-handle 23 with a screwed end fitting a thread 56 on the shaft 18 and bearing upon a slidable sleeve 54 so that the clutching action is effected when the handle is rotated forwardly and may be released to any required extent by reversal of the direction of rotation of the handle. The ratchet-and-pawl device 54, 59, Fig. 6, may have its engaging surfaces so formed as to assist in withdrawing the sleeve 54 when the load is lowered. In double-purchase cranes or winches, the pinion 24 may be moved. axially to engage driven spur wheels of different diameters. In the form shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the pressure of the springs 29 is applied to a presserplate 28 connected by tie-rods 30 to a plate 31 which is moved to relieve the pressure by cams 36 rotated by a lever 38 and engaging recesses in a ring 34 abutting against a collar 32 fixed to the shaft. The discs 25 and laminµ 24 are preferably bevelled, and they may be of flexible material and dished as shown in Fig. 8 to assist their release. According to the Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) the use of laminated wheels is applicable to spur or chain wheels, racks, quadrants, worm-wheels, and bevel wheels, and the driving-pressure may be applied by levers or by fluid pressure. Where the pinion 24 is moved axially to engage driven spur wheels of different diameters, the laminµ may be interconnected by a wire which shears if the two ends of the pinion simultaneously engage the two spur wheels. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-702728-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tractor-operated agricultural implements
IPC: A01D34/30
Filed: 1952-09-23
Abstract: 702,728. Mowing machines. HILL, T. A., and BARFORD (AGRICULTURAL), Ltd. Sept. 23, 1952, No. 23841/52. Class 6 (3) The reciprocating-blade 2 of a motor-scythe is driven by a rock-shaft 9 housed in a tubular beam which supports the mower-bar 1 and is mounted upon the frame of the tractor 7 by means oF an attachment-head 6 co-operating with a locking- screw 10 as described in Specification 702236. The head 6 houses a shaft 18 carrying a cam 17: the shaft is driven from the tractor-motor through a belt 21 and pulleys 22. 23. and the shaft 9 is oscillated by a yoke 16 which carries pins 20 engaging an inclined circular track in the cam 17. An arm 13 on the lower end of the shaft 9 carries a head which engages between spaced driving plates 15 on the blade 2. The tube 5 and casing 6 may be filled with lubricant. Specification 700,485, [Group XXIV], is referred to.
Patent GB-1461404-A (GB)
Title: Coin selection method and apparatus
IPC: G07D11/00
Filed: 1973-05-18
Abstract: 1461404 Coin selection MARS Inc 9 May 1974 [18 May 1973] 23884/73 Heading G4V Apparatus for examining conductive coins with respect to authenticity and denomination comprises an oscillator circuit 50 including an inductor 24 arranged to produce an oscillating electromagnetic field in a coin passageway 20, the presence of the coin in the field affecting the frequency and amplitude of oscillation in the oscillator circuit, first means, detectors 72, 74, for producing a first signal representative of the effect of the presence of a coin in the field upon the changing amplitude of oscillations of the oscillator from an idling amplitude, second means, detectors 52, 54, for producing a second signal representative of the effect of the presence of a coin in the field upon the changing oscillator frequency from an idling frequency, means, flip-flops 82, 84, 62, 64, for comparing a value of each of the first and second signals respectively with corresponding values representative of an acceptable coin and indicating the presence of an acceptable coin, and combinatorial means, logical AND gates 92, 94, 96, to produce a third signal when the comparing means indicate that the first and second signals denote the same denomination coin. The inductor consists of a first winding 210 connected to oscillator 50 and a second winding 212 which produces the first signal. The comparing means includes narrow band detector circuits responsive to the output of the oscillator and producing an output pulse for each transition of the frequency of the oscillator into the bandpass of the detector. The oscillator can be an amplitude-stabilized oscillator or a frequency-stabilized oscillator. The apparatus is shown in combination with means for examining other characteristics of coins, particularly for examining bulk conductance characteristics of coins. Opposed conductors 26, 28 are connected in series to bridge circuit 38 which is driven by oscillator 40.
Patent GB-736837-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to crates
IPC: B65D85/30
Filed: 1953-08-29
Abstract: 736,837. Crates. ALLAN, J. M. Aug. 30, 1954 [Aug. 29, 1953], No. 23946/53. Class 18. A crate has metal rod elements 2 upstanding from the base and forming between them compartments for bottles. Pins 6 facilitate stacking. The upper end rails 4 may be reinforced, as at 7, to form handles.
Patent GB-1527547-A (GB)
Title: Scanning beam transmitter
IPC: H01Q3/26
Filed: 1976-06-10
Abstract: 1527547 Aerials; radio navigation STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd 10 June 1976 23994/76 Headings H4A and H4D A scanning beam transmitter, for example for providing elevational information in a microwave landing system, has an aerial array in which only a single aerial element is located in each row of the array and the elements are randomly distributed between the array columns. In an m column X n row array m#2 and the n axis is the beam scanning direction. A further aerial element RA to RF is associated with each column and is driven by a multiple frequency source MFS supplying an arithmetical progression of m different radio frequencies, one for each column, the frequency associated with each column also being supplied to elements of the column by way of offset generators OGA to OGF which impart a common frequency offset f 0  to the outputs of the source MFS and phase shifters PS1 to PS24 associated with respective elements E1 to E24 of the array and effecting the phase shift necessary for scanning. As shown, 24 elements are provided in a 6 Î 24 array, the output frequencies of source MFS, F to F+5<SP>1</SP> and the offset frequency f 0  being so selected as to ensure that spurious product signals arising on square law detection fall outside the band of frequencies to be detected, f 0  to f 0  + 24#F, where 24#F is the frequency associated with the maximum phase shift (Figs. 2 to 4, not shown). The random distribution of the aerial elements in the columns assists in reducing multipath errors (Figs. 6 to 12, not shown).
Patent GB-1502533-A (GB)
Title: Multi-piece wheel assembly for safe tyre inflation
IPC: B60B3/00
Filed: 1976-06-10
Abstract: 1502533 Vehicle wheel rims CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO 10 June 1976 [28 Oct 1975] 23997/76 Heading B7C A vehicle wheel comprises a rim base 20 having at one edge region two annular grooves 24, 26 for receiving a split-ring 16 and a sealing ring 28, respectively; and a tyre bead seat ring 14 and a tyre bead retaining flange 12 at that edge region. The seat ring 14 is provided with radial bores 30 which are normally sealed from the interior of a pneumatic tyre mounted on the wheel by the sealing ring. When the seat ring is not positioned as illustrated (due to incorrect placement of the split-ring) air within the tyre will escape via the bores to the atmosphere. The other edge region of the rim base has an integral bead seat, and a tyre bead retaining flange. A tool 40 having telescopic arms 42, 44 and axially movable hook members 58, 60 is used to draw seat ring 14 into its correctly assembled position. The hook members are movable axially (but not rotatably) in sleeves 52, 54 in the "drawing" direction by appropriate rotation of nuts 66, e.g. by wrench 68.