baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20000031202-A (KR)
Title: Device and method for limiting current of washing machine
Inventor: SON KWON
IPC: D06F33/02
Filed: 1998-11-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method and a device for limiting a current are provided to save energy spent in a washing, and to effectively operate a washing motor. CONSTITUTION: A limiting device of current saves energy spent in a washing by limiting a current flowing to a washing motor. For limiting the amount of current flowed in a washing motor, a standard voltage of a current limiting circuit is varied by a control device. The limiting device comprises of; a power circuit unit(108) to convert and supply an AC to a DC; a switching circuit unit(110) to feed the DC output from the power circuit unit to the washing motor; a limiting circuit of current(114) to limit the current flowed to the washing motor; and the control device(102) to vary the standard voltage of the limiting circuit of current.
Patent KR-20000031320-A (KR)
Title: Method for producing mos transistor
Inventor: PARK JEONG SU
IPC: H01L21/336
Filed: 1998-11-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for producing a MOS transistor is provided to reduce the contact resistance of gates. CONSTITUTION: A gate oxide film(6) is deposited inside a trench structure, and a polycrystalline silicon(7) is thinly deposited on a lower and a side face of the trench structure. Then a metal layer(9) is thickly formed to fill up the trench structure, and the polycrystalline silicon is patterned. Thereby, a gate electrode placed inside the trench structure and some part around the trench structure in which a metal layer is placed on an upper central part is formed by patterning the deposited insulation layers(10,2) and the polycrystalline silicon through a photo etching process.
Patent KR-19990045224-A (KR)
Title: 고일드의 반도체장치 및 그 제조방법
IPC: H01L27/11
Filed: 1998-11-12
Abstract: 개시된 내용은, 제 1의 반도체부, 상기 제 1의 반도체부내의 확산층, 상기 확산층에 인접한 제 1의 반도체부상의 절연층과 상기 절연층상의 전도층으로 이루어진 적층구조를 포함하는 반도체장치에 관한 것이다.  상기 적층구조의 측벽상에는 폭 W를 가지는 절연스페이서를 형성한다.  상기 확산층과 상기 전도층간의 옴접촉을 확립하기 위한 공통접점홀을 가지는 제 2의 반도체부가 설치된다.  이 공통접점홀의 중심축은 상기 전도층의 가장자리로부터 W/2의 거리에 위치되어서, 상기 공통접점홀을 통해서 외부로 노출된 상기 확산층 및 상기 전도층 부분들이 실질적으로 동일한 면적들을 가진다.
Patent KR-20000032470-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor package and method for manufacturing the same
Inventor: ASIP CHODEORI
IPC: H01L23/48
Filed: 1998-11-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor package and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to protect the surface of the semiconductor during bonding or connecting a gold wire by providing a chip protector on the semiconductor surface. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor package includes first, second semiconductor chips(1,1')implemented on a top and a bottom side of a semiconductor board(2), and chip protectors(10,10') formed onto the surfaces of the semiconductor chips. The chip protectors(10,10') are formed with a same thickness. The first chip protector(10) is located over the cottage of a gold wire(3) while the second chip protector(10') is lowered compared with the first chip protector.
Patent KR-20000032855-A (KR)
Title: Bath-heater for home use
Inventor: KIM JAN HWAN
IPC: A47J31/00
Filed: 1998-11-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A bath-heater for home use is provided which preserves medicines components by rapidly condensing and recovering steam containing the medicines components and eliminates the smell of brewing medicines. CONSTITUTION: The bath-heater for home use comprises: (i) a heating container(110) which receives a strainer(112) and water and has a lid(116); (ii) a main body case(100) which has a receiving space portion and a heater; (iii) a steam-condenser(120) which is built-in the top end of the main body case(100) to capture the steam generated from the heating container(110); (iv) a steam-cooling mean which circulates cooling water around the inside and outside of the steam-condenser(120) to cool the captured steam; and (v) a cooling water recovering mean which receives the heating container(110) in the space portion of the main body case(100) and connects the heating container(110) and the steam-condenser(120) and recovers the con condensed water from the steam-condenser(120) to the heating container(110).
Patent KR-20000032890-A (KR)
Title: Method for preventing tremor of picture upon receiving vcr signal in rf mode
Inventor: PARK SANG HUN
IPC: G11B20/02
Filed: 1998-11-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for preventing a tremor of picture upon receiving a VCR signal in an RF(Radio frequency) mode is provided to prevent a tremor of picture occurred depending on a VCR or quality of a VCR tape as used upon processing a VCR signal in an RF mode. CONSTITUTION: A method for preventing a tremor of picture upon receiving a VCR signal in an RF(Radio frequency) mode comprises the steps of: when an initial operation of a television receiver or a channel converting operation occurs, muting picture and setting a channel and band selector of a tuner and an RF horizontal phase synchronousness; reading the RF horizontal phase synchronousness from a synchronous signal generator for generating a synchronous signal from horizontal synchronous signal of a VCR signal input to the tuner and determining whether the read RF horizontal phase synchronousness is locked; when the read RF horizontal synchronousness is locked, counting a locked number; comparing the counted locked number with a locking search number; and when the counted locked number is the same with the locking search number, setting a current operation mode as RF mode and when the counted locked number is not the same with the locking search number, continuing to watch the horizontal synchronous signal.
Patent KR-20000033706-A (KR)
Title: Head drum assembly
Inventor: CHO BU HYUN
IPC: G11B15/61
Filed: 1998-11-25
Abstract: PURPOSE: A head drum assembly is provided to reduce the manufacturing costs and make it easy to assemble the same by disposing a drum motor between upper and lower drums. CONSTITUTION: A head drum assembly includes upper and lower drums(110,130) fitted to each other. A video head(150) is mounted on a lower edge of a flange(112) of the upper drum(110) to record and reproduce video signals. A rotary transformer(160) is mounted between a lower surface of the upper drum(110) and a bottom surface of the lower drum(130) to transmit the video signals. A drum motor(170) is mounted between an outer circumference of the upper drum(110) and an inner circumference of the lower drum(130) to rotate the upper drum(110). A ball(180) is mounted on the lower surface of the upper drum(110) through a screw hole(140) formed on the lower drum(130). A screw(190) is screw coupled to the screw hole(140) to support the ball(180).
Patent KR-20000033883-A (KR)
Title: Cathode ray tube
Inventor: JEON GYOUNG SIK
IPC: H01J29/02
Filed: 1998-11-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cathode ray tube is provided to fix an outer conduction layer securely on the outer surface of a funnel. CONSTITUTION: A cathode ray tube includes a panel(110), a funnel(120), and an outer conduction layer(123). A fluorescent is applied on the panel(110). The outer conduction layer(123) prevents an electrostatic wave. The outer conduction layer(123) is formed on the outer surface of the funnel(120). The outer conduction layer is made of black lead, ethylsilicate, and a silane material. The silane material has a concentration less than 5wt%.
Patent KR-20000038171-A (KR)
Title: Cassette for cleaning head and pinch roller of car audio deck
Inventor: PARK BONG HWAN
IPC: G11B33/02
Filed: 1998-12-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A cleaning cassette for a head and a pinch roller of a car audio head is provided to perform a cleaning work of the pinch roller integrated with the head and to stably perform a traveling of a tape. CONSTITUTION: In integrally performing a cleaning work of a head(140) and a pinch roller(240) through a cleaning cassette(110), a lever(190) integrally buried a first and a second arms(170)(180) is installed to contact the cleaning tape(130) to the head(140) and the pinch roller(240) by interposing a hinge portion(160) in one side of a head contacting portion(150) located upside the cleaning cassette(110). A cleaning work is performed with the cleaning tape(130) by contacting the fallen head(140) in the first arm(170) of the lever(190) and by contacting the risen second arm(180) buried in the lever(190) with the pinch roller(240). The lever(190) installed to contact the cleaning tape(130) in the head(140) and the pinch roller(240) is returned to an original position when the cleaning work of the head(140) and the pinch roller(240) is finished by holding an one end of the lever in a spring(220).
Patent KR-20000038385-A (KR)
Title: Method for manufacturing ltcc-m having pollution preventing step
Inventor: CHA SEONG IL
IPC: H05K3/46
Filed: 1998-12-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing an LTCC-M capable of preventing the LTCC-M from being polluted by coating a compound easily reacting with a water on the LTCC-M and washing a pollution preventing layer by a water after manufacturing the LTCC-M module is provided. CONSTITUTION: In a method for manufacturing an LTCC-M, a metal base is prepared. A green tape is manufactured. The preparation step(S2) of the metal base includes a cut step(S4), a plating and oxidizing step(S6), a glaze printing and firing step(S8), and an adhesive coating step(S10). A bonding step(S16) includes a punching step(S20), a printing step(S22), a stacking step(S24), a contacting step(S26), a cofiring step(S28), a pollution preventing layer coating step(S30), a post firing step(S32), and a pollution preventing layer removing step(S34). An LTCC-M is completed by a cofiring step. A material dissolved by a water is coated on the LTCC-M to obtain a pollution preventing layer. A layer acting with a water is formed on the LTCC-M to form a pollution preventing layer. The pollution preventing layer is washed by a water to remove the pollution preventing layer.
Patent KR-20000038391-A (KR)
Title: Method for verifying multiple fpgas using fpga emulator
Inventor: SIM SEUNG PHIL
IPC: G06F9/455
Filed: 1998-12-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for verifying multiple FPGAs is provided to reduce the number of test pins and a verification time by verifying multiple FPGAs with the use of a host and an FPGA emulator. CONSTITUTION: Circuit blocks logically designed with FPGA chips from a host are mapped(ST1). The FPGA chips(T-FPGA) to be verified out of the FPGA chips are selected(ST2). All paths are searched from test pins of an interface socket to the T-FPGA(ST3). Only the T-FPGA is placed to the FPGA board from the host if the step ST3 is completed(ST4). Other FPGA chips included in the paths reaching the T-FPGA are designed again to be placed(ST5). Logic design blocks except for a circuit block corresponding to the T-FPGA is mounted to the host after placed on the FPGA board(ST6).
Patent KR-20000038489-A (KR)
Title: Process for preparing lead wires
Inventor: MOON SANG DON
IPC: D07B7/12
Filed: 1998-12-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A process for preparing lead wires is provided to give the easy of controlling their tensile strength and elongation, especially the property of their semihardness in an annealing step. CONSTITUTION: A process is characterized by comprising the next steps. A wire rod having a constant diameter is performed by a first annealing and is selected. After a second annealing, the resultant is plated with Sn, Pd, Sn-Pb type metals and Sn-Sb type metals. The final step comprises skin passing it to give the desired wire rod. The skin pass step is completed by arranging a dice(3) in a tank(2) contained oil(1) to transfer then the resulting lead wire(4) to a transfer roller(6) disposed by a moving chain(5). Alternatively, the process may be also rearranged by placing the first annealing, the first selecting, the second annealing, the second selecting, the plating and the skin passing in order.
Patent KR-20000038572-A (KR)
Title: Road guide system
Inventor: KIM JEONG HYE
IPC: G08G1/0968
Filed: 1998-12-08
Abstract: PURPOSE: A road guide system is provided to provide a walker with services such as the number of a bus to a target point, the position to get on the bus, required time and a course map, etc. CONSTITUTION: A road guide system comprises a GPS receiver(202), a position detector(204), a user interface(206), a memory(208), a signal process unit(210), a display(212) and a printer(214). The GPS receiver(202) receives the signals of present position from plural satellites. The position detector(204) detects the present position on the basis of the signals from the GPS receiver(202). The user interface(206) receives the present position and a target point to select the way to the target point. The present position mapping data and the course data to the target point are stored in the memory(208). The signal process unit(210) processes the present position and the course data.
Patent KR-20000040378-A (KR)
Title: Switching mode power supply
Inventor: SEO MAENG HO
IPC: H02M3/335
Filed: 1998-12-18
Abstract: PURPOSE: A switching mode power supply is provided to accurately control the electric power by detecting the electric power and then controlling the switching operation of an NMOS transistor. CONSTITUTION: An electric power control circuit comprises a rectifier(100), a transformer(200), an NMOS transistor(M1), a battery, a DC power source output terminal(300), a voltage difference detecting section(400), an electric power controlling section(500), a current amplifier(AMP2), a voltage amplifier(AMP3), a gain regulating section(GM), a switching control section(600), a current detecting sensor(Rsen), resistances(R1,R2,R3,R4,R5), capacitors(C1,C2,C3), diodes(D1,D2), a photo coupler(700).
Patent KR-20000040943-A (KR)
Title: Method for recycling sludge containing feni generated on process for recycling etching waste liquid containing ni
Inventor: LEE JAE YEONG
IPC: C23F1/46
Filed: 1998-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method is provided to recycle FeNi sludge from waste sludge containing Fe-Ni. CONSTITUTION: FeNi sludge is molten with hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous solution containing iron chloride and nickel chloride. The aqueous solution containing nickel chloride is blown by air to be oxidized. Then FeCl2 becomes FeCl3. The FeCl3 reacts to water to form a FeOOH core and adds alkali while adjusting a temperature within 40 to 70°C to form FeOOH sludge. The FeOOH sludge is filtered to separate remain solution containing nickel chloride from the sludge and cleansed with acid to obtain FeOOH. Alkali is added to the remain solution to form nickel hydroxide sludge. The hydroxide sludge is filtered and cleansed with acid to obtain nickel hydroxide.
Patent KR-20000042026-A (KR)
Title: Horn switch structure of vehicle
Inventor: KANG JEONG SIK
IPC: B60Q5/00
Filed: 1998-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A horn switch structure is provided to keep regular operating force and to prevent noise by structuring a horn switch with elastic force of a coil spring. CONSTITUTION: A cover(9) installed in a steering wheel(1) is bonded to an upper plate(9a) formed on the bottom of the cover when pushing the cover and inserted into a groove(4a) of an insulating cap(4). A coil spring(5) is compressed to move the upper plate downward and to contact the upper plate with a connector point(6). Thus, a horn is supplied with power through a wire combined with a lower plate(2) by a screw. At that time, a first inserting hole(8a) of the lower plate moves downward along the outer diameter of a guide member(8c). The guide member of a guide device(8) is inserted into a first and a second inserting hole(8a,8b) of plates and combined with plates by a combining member(8d).
Patent KR-20000042294-A (KR)
Title: Transistor manufacturing method
Inventor: LEE SANG HO
IPC: H01L27/08
Filed: 1998-12-24
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method of a transistor is to isolate a source/drain region from a semiconductor substrate by an oxidation layer so as to prevent from occurring of current leakage and to secure a process margin of transistor. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a transistor comprises the steps of: forming a gate(39) on a substrate(31) with a gate insulation interlayer(44); forming a first insulation layer sidewall on opposite sides of the gate on the substrate; selectively etching the substrate to form a first trench in a source/drain region on opposite sides of the gate to be form; forming a second insulation layer and a first conductor on the former layer; selectively etching the first conductor and second insulation layer to form a second trench; and forming a second conductor in the second trench to form a source/drain region of the conductors isolated from the substrate by the second insulation layer.
Patent KR-20000044737-A (KR)
Title: Method for controlling fast forward mode of vod system
Inventor: LEE SANG HUN
IPC: H04N21/45
Filed: 1998-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for controlling a fast forward mode of a VOD(Video On Demand) system is provided to perform a fast forward mode of a VOD by using only a data stream for a normal playback mode without an additional data stream for a fast forward mode. CONSTITUTION: A method for controlling a fast forward mode of a VOD system comprises the following steps. A VOD system generates and transmits a fast forward playback request signal to a server when a fast forward playback key is input during a normal playback mode. The server extracts only predetermined I, B, and P frames among I, B, and P frames corresponding to the fast forward playback mode of the normal playback mode. The server codes a data stream including the extracted I, B, and P frames and transmits the coded data stream. The VOD system decodes the coded data stream and displays the decoded data stream on a screen.
Patent KR-20000045084-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor package and method for manufacturing the same
Inventor: JEONG TAE BOK
IPC: H01L23/12
Filed: 1998-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A semiconductor package and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor package are provided to reduce the manufacturing cost of the semiconductor package by simplifying the manufacturing process. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor package has a lead frame(10) consisting of a bonding portion(12), a solder ball land portion(14) and a circuit pattern portion(16). A semiconductor chip(30) is attached to an upper surface of the lead frame(10) by using an adhesive(20). The lead frame(20), the bonding portion(12) and the semiconductor chip(30) are electrically connected by a wire(40). A seal member(40) is provided to seal the semiconductor chip(30), the wire(40) and the lead frame(20). A cover coat(60) is attached to a lower surface of the lead frame(20) and a terminal(70) is connected to the solder land portion(14) of the lead frame(20).
Patent KR-19990077321-A (KR)
Title: 이미다졸린 유도체로 부터의 염 및 기생충 구제제로서의 그의용도
IPC: A01N51/00
Filed: 1997-02-03
Abstract: 본 발명은 신규한 일반식(I)의 이미다졸린 유도체 염 및 그의 제조 방법 및 해충 구제제로서의 그의 용도에 관한 것이다: 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서, 
     R은 수소 또는 알킬을 나타내고, 
     Y는 니트로 또는 시아노를 나타내며, 
     W는 임의로 치환된 5- 또는 6-원 헤테로사이클릭 라디칼을 나타내고, 
     Z는 1당량의 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토금속 또는 [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] 그룹을 나타내며, 
     여기에서, 
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3 및 R 4 는 동일하거나 상이하며, 수소, 알킬, 임의로 치환된 사이클로알킬 또는 임의로 치환된 벤질을 나타낸다.
Patent KR-20000064725-A (KR)
Title: 일액형상온습기경화성수지조성물
IPC: C08K5/29
Filed: 1998-01-21
Abstract: α 위치에 치환기를 갖는 케톤과 α 위치가 메틸렌인 아미노기를 분자내에 적어도 2개 이상 갖는 폴리아민을 반응시켜 수득되는 케티민과 주된 중합체로서 에폭시 수지 및/또는 분자내에 가수분해성 알콕시실릴기를 갖는 변성 실리콘을 함유하는, 저장 안정성이 우수하고, 용기로부터 꺼내었을 때의 경화 속도가 빠르고, 추가로 가요성도 겸비할 수 있는 일액형 상온 습기 경화성 수지 조성물; 저장 안정성 및 경화성에 추가하여 습윤면에 대한 접착성, 또는 초기 틱소성이 우수한 일액형 상온 습기 경화성 수지 조성물; 케티민기 가까이에 부피가 큰 알킬기를 가짐으로써, 저장 도중에 에폭시 수지 등에 대한 반응이 방지되는 케티민기를 갖는 규소 함유 화합물 및 이의 제조방법; 잠재성 경화제로서 당해 규소 함유 화합물을 포함함으로써 저장 안정성이 양호하고, 용기로부터 꺼내었을 때의 경화시간이 짧은 일액형 상온 습기 경화성 수지 조성물 및 케티민의 신규한 합성방법을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20000064803-A (KR)
Title: 프리코트 강판용 도료 조성물과 프리코트 강판 및 그 제조방법
IPC: C09D175/06
Filed: 1998-01-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 프리코트 강판용 열경화형 도료조성물과 이 도료조성물에 의한 프리코트 강판 및 그의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.  본 발명의 도료조성물은 특정 화합물을 포함하는 폴리올 혼합물을 주제로 하고, 여기에 경화제인 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물을 가하여 이루는 도료배합계에 있어서, 경화제로서 (a)군에서 선택되는 특정 폴리이소시아네이트 또는 그의 유도체를 블록화하여 이루어지는 블록화 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물과, (b)군에서 선택되는 특정 폴리이소시아네이트 또는 그의 유도체를 블록화하여 이루어지는 블록화 폴리이소시아네이트 화합물을 혼합하여 사용하는 것을 특징으로 하고, 이로써 가공성, 도막경도 및 내오염성이 모두 우수한 도막이 얻어진다.
Patent KR-20000010783-A (KR)
Title: Suction device for reciprocate closed type compressor
Inventor: TODESCKET MARCCIO RUITZZ
IPC: F04B39/12
Filed: 1997-05-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: A reciprocal hermetic compressor is provided to offer a reciprocal closed type compressor having an inlet device and to reduce the heating of inlet gas and the loss of pressure related to inlet filter. CONSTITUTION: The inlet device for a compressor including a hermetic cell(21) comprises:an inhaling inlet tube(28) for gas induction; a cylinder(22) placed in the cell(21); an inhaling hole(24a) fixed on the upper part of the cylinder delivered the fluid to the inhaling inlet tube; a second terminal(61) tightly connected to the inhaling inlet tube and the inhaling hole to directly induce low pressure gas to the inhaling hole from the inhaling inlet tube; and an inhaling piece(60) having the second terminal in its inner part.
Patent KR-19990068152-A (KR)
Title: 감쇠 회로를 구비하는 적외선 신호 수신기
IPC: H04B1/10
Filed: 1999-01-27
Abstract: 적외선 신호 수신기는 적외선 센서 회로, 증폭 회로, 대역 통과 필터 회로, 감쇠 회로, 검출 회로, 및 파형 정형 회로를 구비한다.    대역 통과 필터 회로로부터의 출력 신호 및 감쇠 회로로부터의 감쇠된 신호는 검출 회로에 공급된다.    검출 회로는 대역 통과 필터 회로로부터의 출력 신호와 감쇠 회로로부터의 감쇠된 신호로부터 DC 오프셋을 생성화고, 검출 임계 전압인 DC 오프셋을 검출 회로의 차동 증폭기의 트랜지스터를 턴-온 및 턴-오프 시키는 전압에 첨가한다.
Patent KR-20000052082-A (KR)
Inventor: JEON YONG WAN
IPC: G08B29/00
Filed: 1999-01-29
Abstract: PURPOSE: A fire alarm system is provided to accomplish improvements enabling distributed control system in which a sub-control unit is employed to replace the main control unit upon occurrence of failure of the main control unit. CONSTITUTION: A fire alarm system comprises a sensor unit(1) for automatically sensing combustion products and outputting a fire signal, a transmitting unit(2) for transmitting a fire signal by a manual operation, an intermediate transponder unit(3) for receiving a signal from the sensor unit or the transmitting unit and transmitting the received signal to a receiving unit(5), a power supply unit(4) for supplying power to the relay unit, the receiving unit(5) for receiving a signal from the relay unit and displaying the fire zone or controlling required signals, an alarm unit(6) for alarming the occurrence of the fire, a display unit(7) for receiving data relating to fire zone from the receiving unit and displaying the area in graphical representation, and a relay unit(8) for converting a digital signal received from the receiving unit into a contact signal so as to output a fire suppression signal. The fire watching system further comprises a sub-receiving unit(10) for transmitting/receiving signals to/from the transponder unit upon occurrence of failure of the receiving unit, a sub-power unit(20) for automatically applying a power to the relay unit upon occurrence of failure of the power unit, and a sub-relay unit(30) for receiving a digital signal from the sub-receiving unit and outputting a contact signal.
Patent KR-20000056847-A (KR)
Title: Media of optical recording
Inventor: JEONG TAE HUI
IPC: G11B7/254
Filed: 1999-02-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: An optical recorded medium is provided to prevent causes of a degradation by controlling thermal conductivities of a recording layer, and by manufacturing various reflective protecting layers capable of controlling recording sensitivities. CONSTITUTION: An optical recorded medium comprises a polycarbonate substrate(1a), a dielectric layer(2a), a recording layer(3a), a reflective protecting layer(7), and a protecting layer(6a). The polycarbonate substrate has a width of 0.6 millimeter or 1.2 millimeter. The dielectric layer protects the polycarbonate substrate. The recording layer is formed on the dielectric layer. The reflective protecting layer is formed on the recording layer. The protecting layer is formed on the reflective protecting layer. The recording layer records or plays back required information. The reflective layer reduces layers of the optical recorded medium. The protecting layer protects disk loss caused by external dust.