baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-794834-A (GB)
Title: Process for the separation of gaseous or vaporous substances, more especially isotopes
IPC: B01D53/24
Filed: 1955-07-07
Abstract: Gaseous or vaporous substances of different molecular weight and/or different molecular diameter, e.g. isotopes, are separated from one another by causing the mixture to issue from a nozzle-like opening 2, Fig. 1, in the form of an <PICT:0794834/III/1> <PICT:0794834/III/2> expanding jet which is divided by an apertured diaphragm 3 into a peripheral portion 4 and a core portion 5 which passes through the diaphragm aperture.  The separated portions are discharged by pipes 8, 9, the heavier component being concentrated in the core portion. The ratio of the pressure at A1 to the pressure at B1 may be greater than 1000 and the ratio of the pressure at A1 to the pressure at C1 may be less than 40.  The mixture issuing from the nozzle preferably attains supersonic velocity.  The nozzle and diaphragm aperture are preferably of geometrically similar cross-section and may be circular or in the form of slots.  Further separation stages may be arranged in series, the core portion passing via a pump to the next stage and the peripheral portion being returned, via a pump if necessary, to the previous separation stage; if only a small fraction is withdrawn as the peripheral portion, it may be returned to a still earlier stage.  An increase in throughput may be achieved by arranging several nozzles and diaphragms in parallel in a single apparatus. Another form of apparatus consists of three concentric tubes, forming three chambers; gas introduced into the outer chamber flows through nozzles which face conical apertured diaphragms on the inner tube. In the apparatus of Fig. 6 the diaphragm is formed of two elements 63, 64, and gas introduced through nozzle 61 is divided into three parts which are withdrawn at 65, 66, 67.  The outer aperture angle of the diaphragm should be less than 100 degrees and the inner aperture angle preferably less than 50 degrees; various diaphragm apertures, having different internal and external configurations, are shown diagrammatically.  The passages for the core portion or for the peripheral portion may be restricted in order to increase the pressure of the separated portion.  Examples describe the separation of mixtures of hydrogen and argon, hydrogen and deuterium, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and of a natural argon isotope mixture.
Patent GB-741775-A (GB)
Title: Improved ship's ventilator head
IPC: B63J2/10
Filed: 1953-07-16
Abstract: 741,775. Ships' ventilators. WALLACE, R. K. Oct. 18, 1954 [July 16, 1953],No. 19749/53. Class 25. A head for a ship's ventilator comprises an annular base member 1 adapted to fit over the end of a ventilating pipe and formed with a flange 2 on which an upper member 4 embracing the top end of the member 1 is rotatable, and a cover plate 7 pivoted at 6 to a frame 5 carried by the member 4, triangular check plates 8 being hinged at 9 to the frame 5 so that they may be swung upwardly to a vertical position to act as side baffles and support the cover 7 in the open position shown. To the frame 5 are secured swing bolts 15 which may be engaged with lugs 16 on the cover to hold the latter in the closed position after the plates 8 have been swung downwardly into the horizontal position. A wire mesh guard 14 covers the top end of the base member 1.
Patent GB-1400452-A (GB)
Title: Filter elements
IPC: B01D29/11
Filed: 1971-06-09
Abstract: 1400452 Supported pleated filter elements FAWCETT ENG Ltd 7 June 1972 [9 June 1971] 19755/71 Heading B1D A support structure for a pleated sheet filter element 7 comprises a flexible base formed of a plurality of spaced parallel bars 1, the bars being connected at intervals by rows of upstanding frusto-conical fingers 3. To form a cylindrical filter element, the fingers 3 are engaged in the pleats of the filter element and then the support structure and filter element are curved together as shown in Figure 3 to form a cylinder. The support is suitably formed of moulded plastics material and the length of the fingers should be at least one-third of, and preferably one-half to two-thirds of the depth of the pleats.
Patent GB-820912-A (GB)
Title: Air conditioning system
IPC: F24F3/10
Filed: 1957-06-24
Abstract: 820,912. Refrigerating, heat pumps. McFARLAN, A. I. June 24, 1957, No. 19798/57. Class 29  The air in compartments 2, 4, 6 to be heated or cooled is circulated by fans 14 over heat exchange coils 8, 10, 12 supplied with water or non-freezing liquid either heated or cooled by the condensers or evaporators of compression refrigerating systems, the heated water not required in coils 8, 10, 12 being cooled again in a cooling tower 20. The coils have a common outlet pipe 24 which supplies the water through condensers 25, 26, 36 in series, a pump 35 effecting the circulation. The heated water flows through pipe 44 and pipes 84 to three-way valves 82 thermostatically controlled to supply the required amount of hot water to the coils. If the temperature of the heated water be too low, a thermal bulb 91 activates steam heater 22 in the supply but another bulb 93 prevents this at high ambient temperatures. Excess heated water flows through non-return valve 102 and pipe 46 to coils 48, 68, 69 in the cooling tower and then through evaporators 40, 30, 29 in series. From the last evaporator the chilled water flows through pipe 76 to control valves 82 which regulate the supply of chilled water to the coils. When heating only is required, water is supplied to the evaporators from pipe 24 by a pump 99 through check valve 100 thus presenting flow of heated water through the tower. If the water leaving the condensers be too hot, the resulting high refrigerant pressure opens valve 88 to allow water to flow from the tower to the inlet of condenser 36. In a modified form, the water news in series through four cooling towers before entering the evaporators.
Patent GB-1116707-A (GB)
Title: Protective coating for titanium and zirconium
IPC: C23D5/02
Filed: 1966-05-05
Abstract: An article made of titanium or zirconium, or an alloy based on titanium or zirconium, is coated with potassium silicate.  The articles include metal products and shapes in various stages of fabrication as well as semi-finished items for intermediate processing and finished items e.g. ingots, billet bar, sheet, strip, rod, wire plate and other forms produced by forging rolling extrusion and castings.  The article may have a bright polished surface or a matte.  Examples of titanium base alloy are: alpha, 5% aluminium, 2.5% tin, balance titanium; alpha-beta, 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium, balance titanium; beta, 13% vanadium, 11% chromium, 3% aluminium, balance titanium.  An example of a zirconium base alloy consisting of 1.5% tin, 0.1% chromium, 0.12% iron, 0.5% nickel, balance zirconium. The potassium silicate may be applied as an aqueous solution containing a wetting agent by dipping, say by immersion and withdrawal at a uniform rate, painting, spraying using a spray gun employing air pressure, an airless spray, electrostatic spray, or misting-type air spray heads, flowing, spin coating and application with a swab or roller, surplus removed by a blade, swab or wiping cloth, to produce a transparent coating of thickness not greater than 0.001 inches.  If desired, several thickness may be applied.  The wetting agent may be a commercial di-alcohol sulphate, dodecyl diamyl sulphonic acid, sodium dodecyl oxydebenzene disulphanate, sodium diamyl sulphosuccinate.  After application of the potassium silicate solution, the surface of the metal article is dried say in air or a flow of air at say 300 DEG F.  The coated metal is resistant to fingerprint blemishes marring by scratches and heat discoloration. The air-dried coating can be rendered water insoluble by baking at a sufficiently high temperature to effect dehydration, or heat treated at say up to 1500 DEG F to age the metal or alloy and subsequently pickled in an acid picking solution without intermediate descaling.
Patent GB-128500-A (GB)
Title: Improved Running Gear for Bicycles and the like.
Inventor: ZEALE RICHARD THOMAS
IPC: B62M1/18
Filed: 1918-12-04
Abstract: 128,500. Zeale, R. T. Dec. 4, 1918. Gearing-up and gearing-down arrangements.- In driving mechanism for cycles and the like comprising a hub B with an internal toothed annulus A, a driving-pinion C in mesh therewith carried by a sleeve D eccentrically mounted in plates E rotatable in the hub, and preferably means P for limiting the rotation of the plates, a free-wheel mechanism is interposed between the sleeve D and the pinion C. The free-wheel according to one form comprises teeth on the sleeve meshing, when in gear, with teeth on the pinion, which slides upon the axle. and a spring tending to keep the parts in gear.
Patent GB-1013902-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of polysaccharides
Filed: 1962-05-24
Abstract: Polysaccharides are prepared by contacting a sugar containing a carboxyl junction with a polyphosphoric acid alkyl ester.  The sugar may be an aldose, ketose, desoxy-sugar, amino-sugar, oligosaccharide, uronic acid or ester thereof, or a mixture of mono- and oligosaccharides such as are obtained by acid hydrolysis of cellulose or starch.  Many sugars are specified. The polyphosphoric acid ester may be derived from an alkanol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.  The reaction may be carried out by heating for some hours a solution of the sugar and polyphosphoric ester in an inert solvent such as diethyl phosphite, phosphoric acid trisdimethylamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, n-methyl pyrrolidone, formamide or dimethyl formamide. The reaction temperature may be 15-70 DEG  C.  The molecular weight of the products depends upon reaction conditions, low molecular weight products being obtained using a small quantity of polyphosphoric acid ester in dilute solution.  High molecular weight products may be obtained by use of excess polyphosphoric acid ester in concentrated solution or in absence of a solvent. The reaction product may be isolated by precipitation, followed by dissolution in water, dialysation, and evaporation or freeze-drying.  Formation of the polysaccharide from a pyranosoid sugar is as follows <FORM:1013902/C3/1> where X is a radical of polyphosphoric acid alkyl ester. According to reaction conditions, a phosphate-containing or a phosphate-free polysaccharide may be obtained.  Examples describe the formation of polyglucosides, polyfructosides, polyribosides and poly-N-acetyl glucosamine.
Patent GB-977120-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to direct current voltmeters
Inventor: KNIGHT RICHARD BRYAN DOUGLAS
IPC: G01R19/18
Filed: 1962-05-25
Abstract: 977,120. Electric selective signalling systems. DIGITAL MEASUREMENTS Ltd. April 9,1963 [May 25, 1962], No. 20162. Heading G4H. A voltage digitising system of the type in which a reference voltage is sequentially modified so as to balance the unknown voltage is characterised in that the reference voltage is modified by selecting appropriate tappings from a plurality of interconnected transformers. As described an unknown D.C. voltage is applied across terminals 21,22, Fig. 1, and a known reference voltage is produced by decimally related transformers 10-12 between a terminal 19 and earth. In operation first the unknown D.C. voltage is applied across a capacitor 30 by a chopper contact 20 and then the reference voltage is applied to the capacitor and its output is sampled during the first (positive) half-cycle of the A.C. reference voltage by a contact 32. Any difference between the unknown D.C. voltage and the reference voltage is sequentially reduced by a control unit 35 and uni-selectors 37-40 until a balance condition is reached. The positions of the uni-selectors can then be displayed by an indicator 46. In a modification (Fig. 3 not shown) transformers having binary-codeddecimal related windings are used. In a further modification (Fig. 2 not shown) the unknown voltage and the reference voltage are subtracted (by resistors) and the difference is displayed on a C.R.T. whereby the uni-selectors can be adjusted manually to obtain a balance.
Patent GB-478217-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphate
IPC: C01D5/06
Filed: 1936-07-21
Abstract: In obtaining hydrochloric acid and sodium sulphate by thermal double decomposition of salt and sulphuric acid, one or both of the reacting components are heated prior to introduction into the reaction chamber to such a temperature that the reaction mixture has a temperature of at least 200 DEG  C., preferably 250--400 DEG  C. The pre-heating of the salt may be effected in a rotary tube furnace.
Patent GB-1529853-A (GB)
Title: Transferred electron devices
IPC: H01L47/02
Filed: 1975-05-13
Abstract: 1529853 Gunn effect devices DEFENCE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 10 May 1976 [13 May 1975] 20218/75 Heading H1K The cathode 11 of a Gunn effect device comprises an n<SP>+</SP> zone 10 in contact with the n-type active region 2 and having a thickness of at most 2 microns and an average product of thickness trimer donor concentration of greater than 3 x 10<SP>10</SP>cm<SP>-2</SP>, and a second zone 9 forming a high resistance contact with the n<SP>+</SP> zone 10 and itself comprising a semiconductor region adjacent the zone 10 and an outer metal layer. The active region 2 preferably comprises an epitaxial layer (e.g. of InP, GaAs or InP x As 1-x , 1>x>0À75) on an n+ anode substrate 3 provided with a metal contact 5. The n+ zone 10 of the cathode 11 is preferably an epitaxial layer. Various alternative constructions for the second zone 9 include (a) an n-type epitaxial layer having thereon either evaporated Ag and Sn or an epitaxial n<SP>+</SP> layer and an outer metal contact; (b) a p-type layer, followed by an n<SP>+</SP> layer and a metal contact; (c) an n-type layer having thereon a Schottky-barrier contact of Ti or Cr (formed directly on deposition) or Ag, Au or Ni (formed by heating after deposition) (d) a p<SP>+</SP> layer having an outer low resistance metal contact; (e) a p- or n-type layer on to which Ag is evaporated, followed by heating to diffuse Ag in to form a high resistivity zone; (f) a p- or n-type layer proton bombarded to form a high resistivity zone on which an Ag or Ni outer contact is deposited; or (g) an n-type layer having thereon a thin insulating layer, e.g. of Al 2 O 3 , and an outer metal contact.
Patent GB-157693-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in fire alarms
IPC: G08B17/06
Filed: 1920-07-09
Abstract: 157,693. Sollis, L. H. July 9, 1920. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Alarms operated by fusible devices.-A casing 10 contains a spring drum 13 and a train of wheels, the last wheel 18 acting on a horn 22 or bell and a piece of fusible wire 23 fixed to a wheel of the train holds it stationary until a fire occurs. Advertisements may be fixed on extensions such as 27.
Patent GB-951694-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in heat exchangers
Inventor: VORKAUF HEINRICH
IPC: F28F9/013
Filed: 1961-06-06
Abstract: 951,694. Steam generators; hot-water boilers; tubular heat exchangers. H. VORKAUF. June 6, 1961 [July 9, 1960], No. 20415/61. Addition to 913,010. Headings F4A and F4S. The heat exchanger described and claimed in the parent Specification is modified in that the opposite supply tubes 1 are offset from one another in the flue so that two tube groups 3 extending from these supply tubes are located close together in two vertical parallel planes, these two tube groups being offset vertically from one another as shown. A number of tube supporting arrangements providing mutual support between tube groups in neighbouring planes is described (Figs. 4 to 9, not shown). In another tube support arrangement described the free ends of the U-tubes are supported on the flue wall or on cross tubes interconnecting neighbouring supply tubes (Figs. 10 and 11, not shown).
Patent GB-258714-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with odometers and revolution indicators
IPC: G01C22/00
Filed: 1925-08-14
Abstract: 258,714. Rath, A. J. Aug. 14, 1925. Odometers.-In a hub-odometer, the ratchet-wheel w of the pawl and ratchet driving-mechanism is mounted coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the instrument, and is made of large diameter, extending nearly to or beyond the spindles m of the counter dials k. The base of the instrument comprises a disc d screwed into the hub cap and provided with a central bush g bored to receive the spindle h of a disc i. The spindle h is held against rotation by a rod 13 sprung through a hole in the spindle and engaging slots 15 in a disc 10. A dial o is carried by a peg u that is screwed into the spindle h, and a reduced part of the peg serves as a bearing for the ratchet-wheel wand a small pinion v secured to the wheel. A cam t of the bush g engages the walls of a recess 6 in a plate 4 pivoted to the disc i, so that a pawl 2 carried by the plate operates the ratchet-wheel w by the rotation of the cam, a second pawl 7 preventing retrograde movement. The rotation of the pinion v is communicated directly or through a pinion 1 to the pinions l of the counter dials. The disc i and its covering plate y are cut away to make room for the pawl 2 and the disc i serves for the mounting of the spindles m, though if the wheel w extends beyond the spindles, the plate y would carry them. The figures on the dials k are visible through apertures in the dial o. The disc 10, which is separated from the base d by a ball-race 11, is prevented from rotation by a coupling device 10<a> having ears 21 to engage slots in a castellated nut on the axle. The device 10<a> is formed by cutting spiral slots in a spring steel disc and expanding the disc. The central part of the disc is screwed to the disc 10. Grooves 9 in the bush g prevent oil &c. from entering the odometer.
Patent GB-383241-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in flower and plant pots and the manufacture thereof
IPC: A01G9/02
Filed: 1932-03-22
Abstract: A plant pot is made of a composition including charcoal to prevent or minimize souring of water in the pot, peat, sphagnum moss, or the like to keep the soil cool, and a substance such as sand, granite, or limestone to simulate the natural soil condition of the plant.  Tufa stone and broken brickbats may be added and the whole bound together by cement and water and moulded, and then dried in a closed building at ordinary air temperature. Colouring matter may be incorporated in the material.ALSO:A pot for alpine plants &c. is made of a composition including charcoal to prevent or minimize souring of the water in the pot, peat, sphagnum moss, or the like to keep the soil cool, and a substance such as sand, granite, or limestone to simulate the natural soil conditions of the plant.  Tufa stone and broken brickbats may be added and the whole bound together by cement and water and moulded, and then dried in a closed building at ordinary air temperature.  Colouring matter may be incorporated in the material.
Patent GB-478679-A (GB)
Title: Process of improving tars, and especially their binding properties
IPC: C08L95/00
Filed: 1936-07-24
Abstract: Polyvinyl compounds other than polyvinyl chloride are incorporated in tar at a high temperature.  Polyvinyl carbazole, described in Specification 438,281, [Group IV], and polyvinyl acrylic esters are suitable.  They may be introduced as such or in solution, or may be prepared in situ in the tar.
Patent GB-964952-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to pulverizers
IPC: B02C15/12
Filed: 1963-05-23
Abstract: 964,952. Ball-and-ring mills. BABCOCK & WILCOX CO. May 23, 1963 [May 23, 1962 (2); May 29, 1962], No. 20542/63. Heading B2A. [Also in Division F2] A ball-and-ring mill includes a circular row of grinding-elements 26 rolling between oppositely-rotatable upper and lower backing-members 27, 24 and means 20 for directing carrierair upwardly past the grinding-elements to entrain pulverized material, the means being such that the carrier air flows upwardly past the grinding elements and its motion has a rotary component. As described, the lower backing-ring 24 is pinned to a flat ring 32 fixed to a rotor 31 secured to a driving-shaft 33. The upper ring 27 is rotated through coil springs 43 which urge the ring downwardly against the grinding balls 26, and a driving-shaft 47 secured to a yoke 46 bolted at 45 to an annular spring-carrying member 44; the pressure on the balls is adjustable by varying the positions of the bolts 45. The coaxial shafts 47, 33 are rotated at different speeds by worm-gears 66, 73 driven by separate motors. Air-sealed lubrication is provided via a bore 98 and passages 99, sealing air entering via a pipe 75, and preventing admission of dust into the bearings 70, 72 (see Division F2). In operation material to be ground enters the grinding zone 16 via a feed regulator 17 and a shoot 18, and highpressure air entering via the duct 20 passes through a vaned, annular opening 38 into a chamber 40, the vanes causing the air in the chamber to rotate in the direction of the lower grinding ring 24. The air passes upwardly around the periphery of the grinding zone to carry entrained material to a classifier 21 having an outlet 22, heavier material being returned for regrinding through a discharge port 23. Tramp material in the grinding-zone displaces a spring-loaded section (not shown) of a stationary ring 36 and is discharged into a box 39. Pulverized material enters the classifier through a series of adjustable vanes 90, which vary the fineness of the material passing through, further regulation being provided by a telescopic extension 95 of the outlet duct 94. The upper end of the shaft 47 is protected by a cap 96 attached to and rotating with the yoke 46, and a vaned rotor 97 at the upper end of the cap reduces leakage of air-borne materials upwardly through the opening 23.
Patent GB-1462476-A (GB)
Title: Electrical power generation unit load control
IPC: G05B19/02
Filed: 1974-05-09
Abstract: 1462476 Automatic control of power generation COMBUSTION ENG Inc 9 May 1974 [22 May 1973] 20572/74 Heading G3R A power generation system includes a nuclear steam supply and a steam turbine driving a generator. The turbine load is adjusted so as to maintain the system load at a desired value. The allowed rate of change of turbine load is reduced if a monitored parameter of the steam supply approaches a limit value. As shown, a computer control 12 supplies pulses to an integrator 20 which forms a signal representing the desired generator load. This signal is added firstly in a summer 24 to a bias signal representing a turbine speed error, and secondly in a comparator 26 to a measured value of the actual generator power. The resulting load error signal is supplied through an integrator 28 to a multiplier 30 to form an integral servo loop, the output of which is fed through a limiting circuit 36 to produce a signal which modulates the width of pulses from a pulse generator 44 and thereby determines the setting of the turbine steam control valve actuators so as to produce the required turbine speed and generator load. The arrangement also receives input signals related to measured reactor coolant pressure P.and reactor power Q. If either of these parameters exceeds a pre-set limit, a function generator 74, 74' produces an output which commands a decrease in generator power at a rate proportional to the excess over the parameter limit. If either parameter approaches its limit, a circuit 80 produces an over-ride output which reduces the allowable rate of change of load, the permitted rate being dependent on the closeness of the parameter value to its limit.