baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-909464-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the continuous casting of metals.
IPC: B22D11/053
Filed: 1960-08-12
Abstract: 909,464. Continuous casting processes. CONCAST A.G. Aug. 12, 1960 [Sept. 21, 1959], No. 27953/60. Drawings to Specification. Class 83 (1). A continuous casting process of the kind in which the mould at first moves in the same direction and at the same speed as the casting for a distance of about <SP>1</SP>/ 10 -<SP>1</SP>/ 30  of the length of the mould and then returns at a speed about three to five times as great, is characterized in that following the movement of the casting and mould in the same direction, the mould is moved over a fraction of about “ to 1/5 of the path of the mould, still in the same direction, but more rapidly, about twice as fast, as the casting, and is only then moved back in the opposite direction into the initial position. Specification 849,418 is referred to.
Patent GB-892660-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electrical generators
IPC: H02K44/08
Filed: 1960-08-12
Abstract: 892,660. Generating electricity by forcing fluid through magnetic fields. BROWN, BOVERI & CIE A.G. Aug. 12, 1960 [Aug. 12, 1959], No. 27982/60. Class 35. In a generator including means for producing a stream of ionized gas through a channel defined at least in part by spaced currentcarrying electrodes E1, E2 and means for producing a magnetic field H penetrating the channel perpendicular to the gas stream direction so as to cause a load current to pass in the gas between the electrodes during operation of the generator, the magnetic field created by the load current in the electrodes and which disturbs the current distribution is compensated by the provision of conductor leads Z1, Z2, perpendicular to both field H and the gas flow, through which flows a current equal and opposite to the load current. Iron core A and excitation windings B1 and B2 fed with direct current produce the field H. The channel lies in the air gap of A. Lead Z1 forms one generator terminal and the two part leads Z2<SP>1</SP> and Z2<SP>11</SP> combined to form the other, half the current i of the generator being carried by each part of Z2, thus compensating exactly the load current flowing in the gas. C1 and C2 are insulating plates. In a modification (Fig. 3, not shown) the current from electrode E2 flows through a lead to another generator or load part X1, divides into two and passes via conductors Z2<SP>1</SP> and Z2<SP>11</SP> through the field, returning through a load X2 to electrode E1. In Fig. 4 the leads are arranged in a symmetrical manner up to the middle of the electrode spacing when they pass outwards through the pole shoes of core A.
Patent GB-1049815-A (GB)
Title: A process for the production of crystalline calcium carbonate of vaterite type
Inventor: YASUI EIZO
IPC: C01F11/18
Filed: 1964-07-08
Abstract: Crystalline CaCO3 of the vaterite type is prepared by reacting gaseous CO2 with an aqueous solution of CaCl2 which has been made alkaline to a pH of higher than 8 by addition of NH4OH, while vigorously agitating the solution, maintaining the pH of higher than 8, if necessary by further addition of NH4OH, and maintaining a temperature of not higher than 20 DEG  C. Gaseous CO2 diluted with an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen, may be used under elevated pressure. Crystals with a grain size of up to 5 microns are obtained.  In a comparative example, gaseous CO2 is replaced by aqueous solutions of ammonium and sodium carbonates.
Patent GB-1499049-A (GB)
Title: Process for the decarbonization of high carbon ferro-manganese or of high carbon ferro-chrome
IPC: C22C1/02
Filed: 1976-07-07
Abstract: 1499049 Decarbonizing ferro chrome and ferro manganese GFE GES FUR ELEKTROMETALLURGIE mbH 7 July 1976 [11 July 1975 10 Sept 1975] 28172/76 Heading C7D High carbon ferro manganese or ferro chromium are decarbonized by blowing a superheated melt of the alloy with oxygen using jacketted nozzles. The alloy is heated to more than 100C above its melting range and blown, without the addition of cooling materials, to 1650-1900C for FeMn and 1750-2000C for FeCr to form high melting point Mn or Cr oxides which are reduced by lime and additions of reducing agents i.e. Si or Al and/or their alloys. The lime and reducing agents are added simultaneously, the lime being blown into the melt through the jacketted nozzles with an inert gas (Ar or Ar/H) and the reductants being added in solid or liquid form from above. Examples of reductants are FeSi, FeAl, SiCr and SiMn. The rate and amount of oxygen blown in is adjusted so that the decarburization reaction takes place in an area just above the gas nozzles, so that intensive mixing of the melt, oxygen and possibly, the jacket gas will occur there. The amount of oxygen required is 10-3 0Nm<SP>3</SP> for each 1%C to be removed per tonne of alloy, and it should be blown into the melt in 1-12.5 minutes. The protective jacket gas may be natural gas, propane &c., and up to 20% of the charge may be added in the form of solid material, provided the addition of the solid charge does not interfere with the decarbonization reaction above the nozzles.
Patent GB-206998-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the construction of wings and like members of aeroplane flying machines
IPC: B64C3/00
Filed: 1922-10-17
Abstract: 206,998. Short, H. O. Oct. 17, 1922. Planes and the like, construction of.-A metal wing is built up of tubular sections the divisions between which extend parallel to the direction of flight, the edges of adjacent sections being overlapped and riveted together. Stiffening members extending in or transverse to the direction of flight, or in both directions, may be fixed to the internal surfaces of the wing sections. Figs. 2 and 3 show respectively crosssections of a wing section 4 taken in the direction of flight and transverse to the direction of flight. The sections are built up of overlapping sheet metal plates 6 of suitable shape, continuous stiffening members 8 of right angle section being positioned externally at the junctions of the wing sections. Strengthening members 7 of channel section are also fixed at intervals to the internal surfaces of the sections and extend transverse to the direction of flight between the members 8, the ends of the flanges of these members 7 being bent downwards so that the edge of the plating 6 of the next wing section 5 and a flange of the angle strip 8 can be inserted between the plating 6 and the bent-down flanges of the members 8, and the whole riveted together. Plates 10 may also be riveted at the nose and trailing edge. The Provisional Specification states that the sections may be fitted with internal structures, which permit them to be threaded on to spars, or if all internal supports are dispensed with the metal covering may be corrugated.
Patent GB-533211-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machines for sewing-on buttons
IPC: D05B3/16
Filed: 1939-10-19
Abstract: 533,211. Sewing-machines. BELLOW, A. Oct. 19, 1939, No. 28223. [Class 112] A button holder for shanked buttons, which is reciprocated during the stitching-on of the buttons, has a button clamp 1 slidingly mounted in the guide 2 and urged towards its outer position by a spring 5. The position of the clamp is determined by a cam 7 which is shaped to provide appropriate positions of the clamp for two sizes of buttons.
Patent GB-228638-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in vacuum electric tube devices
IPC: H01J1/15
Filed: 1923-11-09
Abstract: 228,638. Robinson, E. Y. Nov. 9, 1923. V a c u u m tubes. - A valve having a cathode of hairpin or similar shape is so constructed that the loop or bight portion of the filament has a lower electrical resistance or a larger heat-radiating surface, or both, than the main portion of the filament. Thus the loop is kept at a lower temperature than the main portion of the filament and the emission of electrons is confined to the inter-electrode space. In the construction shown in Fig. 1, the loop 2 of the filament 1 is short-circuited by a strip 3 of nickel or molybdenum which is clipped over and welded to the filament. The strip 3 may be made to enclose completely the loop 2, the spring 4 for tensioning the filament then being attached directly to the strip. In another construction, shown in Fig. 5, two filaments are used each tensioned by a spring 4. The strip 11 may be so proportioned that it operates at a red heat and is flexible. Specifications 195,691, 221,855, 222,176, 223,293, 223,650 and 234,966 are referred to.
Patent GB-173616-A (GB)
Title: Combined newspaper and book holder
IPC: A47B23/04
Filed: 1920-10-06
Abstract: 173,616. Byers, H. D. Oct! 6, 1920. Desk adjustments; slopes; book &c. holders; leaf-holders. - Comprises a triangular frame of thin sheet metal around which a newspaper or a printed sheet can be folded the sides of the frame being adjustable in length and hinged together at the corners B, B<1>, B<2>. One hinge pin is extended on either side and carries a doublesided spring clip C with an inverted hook D and additional detachable clips C<1>. A detachable rest with turned-up ends F<1> for reception of a book, &c and with a. central part E to fit over the sides A or A' is also provided. Two frames can be joined by an adjustable bar. Instead of using the spring clips C the ends of the side members A, A<1> may be turned over to form clips.
Patent GB-464285-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to thermostats
IPC: H01H37/48
Filed: 1935-10-14
Abstract: 464,285. Thermal switches. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., TURNER, H. C., and SHERWIN, A. Oct. 14, 1935, No. 28318. [Class 38 (v)] In a thermostat operated by the relative expansion of a tube 1 and roc 2, the use of al shrinkable materia such as mica and ebonite in the trans mitting mechanisn is avoided and the operating member which engages the movable contact member 10 is rigidly associated with the rod 2, either by being formed integrally therewith or by wholly metallic connection therewith. The rod 2 has fixed to it a metal member 20 carrying a screw 21 adjusted by a knob 23 and carrying a steel ball 22 which bears on a plate 13 of glass or porcelain secured to the strip 10 by bent-over lugs 14. The strip 10 carries a contact 12 cooperating with a fixed contact 8 and an armature 25 co-operating with a horse-shoe magnet 6 to give a snap action to the contacts.
Patent GB-1500039-A (GB)
Title: Alkenylxanthines and their conversion to hydroxyalkylxanthines
IPC: C07D473/08
Filed: 1975-07-04
Abstract: In the process there are prepared novel monoalkenyldialkylxanthines of the general formula I <IMAGE>   One of the radicals R<1>, R<2> and R<3> is ( omega -1)-alken-1-yl having 4 to 8 C atoms, which does not have a branch in the ( omega -1)-position. The two other radicals are alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms. According to the invention, a 1-halo-C4-C8-alkene having a terminal double bond, but not one containing a tertiary C atom, is reacted with an appropriate alkali metal salt of a dialkylxanthine. Haloalkenes having an unbranched carbon chain are preferably employed. Monoalkenyldialkylxanthines of the formula I may expediently be prepared in which one of the two alkyl radicals has 2 to 12 C atoms. The alkenylxanthines prepared are useful as starting substances for the preparation of therapeutically utilisable hydroxyalkylxanthine compounds, of which e.g. 1-(5'-hydroxyhexyl)theobromine is distinguished by promotion of the circulation.
Patent GB-1089373-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to apparatus for comparing the frequencies of electrical signals
IPC: G01R23/00
Filed: 1964-07-09
Abstract: 1,089,373. Frequency discriminators. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. and D. L. CLAY. July 9, 1965 [July 9, 1964], No. 28368/64. Heading H3A. The difference between approximately equal frequencies #1 and #2 is measured by deriving pulses at these frequencies and using them to sample higher non-related frequencies (which may be the same frequency #3) thereby deriving two beat frequencies which are compared by mixing in a modulator 6 and counting the cycles of the difference frequency. If #3 = a# 1  + #<SP>1</SP> = a# 2  + #<SP>11</SP> the beat frequencies derived by sampling are #<SP>1</SP> and #<SP>11</SP>, so the difference frequency #<SP>1</SP>-#<SP>11</SP> = (# 3 -a# 1 )-(# 3 -a# 2 ) = a(# 2 - # 1 ). The difference frequency has thus been multiplied by a factor a, which may be 100, -without any frequency multiplication, and the accuracy is increased in the same ratio. In a modification, the reference frequency # 3  is a sawtooth wave; consequently the beat frequencies are also sawtooth waves which may be compared as in Specification 1,089,372.
Patent GB-526091-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to friction brake devices for hoisting gear
IPC: B66D5/32
Filed: 1939-10-20
Abstract: 526,091. Self-sustaining gear. MANN, EGERTON & CO., Ltd., and LEEDS, E. F. Oct. 20, 1939, No. 28374. [Class 78 (v)] A brake device for hoisting gear which offers resistance to rotation of a shaft in one direction only, that is, when lowering the load, comprises a pawl 12 pivoted at 11 on a disc 9 secured for example, to the countershaft of a hand operated crane and normally spring- engaged with a ratchet wheel 6 to which is normally applied a lined brake band 2 disposed in a fixed casing 1. The pressure of the band 2 is adjustable by a screw 17 having threaded engagement with one of a pair of lugs 3 on the band. The pawl may be disengaged by lever 14, 16 pivoted to the disc 9 and engaging the tail of the pawl. Adjustment of the band may be effected by a series of bolts threaded into the casing and abutting on the exterior of the band.
Patent GB-1223086-A (GB)
Title: Ternary olefinic copolymers
IPC: C08F210/18
Filed: 1969-06-05
Abstract: 1,223,086. Olefin terpolymers. SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO. Ltd. 5 June, 1969 [5 June, 1968], No. 28471/69. Heading C3P. [Also in Division C5] Amorphous linear terpolymers are formed by co-polymerizing ethylene, an alpha-olefinic compound, and a norbornene compound having the formula in which R<SP>1</SP> is hydrogen or a C 1-8  hydrocarbon group and R<SP>2</SP> is hydrogen or methyl, in the presence of a catalyst comprising an organoaluminium halide, a vanadium compound having a vanadium valency of 3-5, and optionally an electron donor, in particular a compound of formula R<SP>5</SP>SO z Y<SP>2</SP> where R<SP>5</SP> is halogen, hydroxyl or C 1-20  hydrocarbon, Y<SP>2</SP> is halogen and Z is 1 or 2. In examples, terpolymers are formed, in hexane or heptane solution, from ethylene, propylene and norbornene compounds in which (1, 2, 3) R<SP>1</SP> and R<SP>2</SP> are both hydrogen, (4) R<SP>1</SP> is H and R<SP>2</SP> is CH 3 , (5) R<SP>1</SP> is CH 3  and R<SP>2</SP> is H, and (6) R<SP>1</SP> is n-butyl and R<SP>2</SP> is CH 3 . The catalyst components used are ethyl aluminium di- or sesquichloride, vanadyl trichloride, vanadium tetrachloride, the reaction product of tri-n-amyl orthovanadate with di-n-butyl phosphate, and, as electron donor in Example 2, benzene sulphonyl chloride. Hydrogen may be present, and the products are white solids which may be sulphur-cured.
Patent GB-398040-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tool holders for machines for boring metal, such as boring bar machines
IPC: B23B29/034
Filed: 1932-10-12
Abstract: 398,040. Boring-machines. MALIA, A., 48, Denewell Avenue, High Heaton, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Oct. 12, 1932, No. 28484. [Class 83 (iii).] Boring-heads.-A tool-holder for a boring- machine having male and female parts adapted on relative movement to give adjustment to a number of cutters is provided with means at both ends of the male member, which extends beyond one end of the female member, for engagement by a turnkey or the like. The boring-head 2, carried at the end of a spindle rotated by a self-contained electric motor, Fig. 3, comprises an outer member carrying the cutters 4 in radial slots and an inner member 8 coned where it engages the ends of the tools and screwed into the first member. Relative rotation between the two parts, effected by a turnkey in the socket 11 or by the squared end 9, adjusts the cutters ; a pointer 14 may be used with the turnkey 12 to indicate the amount of adjustment and a similar fixed device 16 may be arranged at the top of the boring-bar, Fig. 3.
Patent GB-471642-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in binding wires for books having collated leaves
IPC: B42B5/12
Filed: 1936-10-20
Abstract: 471,642. Bookbinding. THORINTTON, A. A. (Parallex Corporation) Oct. 20, 1936, No. 28510. [Class 16] Relates to spiral binding-wires of the kind in which each loop of the wire consists of a true circular portion 13 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the turning movement of the leaves 10, and an oblique arcuate portion 14 extending across the edge of the leaves at the back of the book, whereby creeping of the wire and the tendency of the paper to tear are avoided. According to the invention, each end 19 of the binding-wire is given a reverse bend and is secured to the end loop as an additional safeguard against creeping.
Patent GB-373906-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in steam intake sleeve for sulphite pulp digesters
IPC: D21C7/00
Filed: 1931-10-14
Abstract: 373,906. Digesters. MORTERUD, E., 18, Kongensgate, Oslo, Norway. Oct. 14, 1931, No. 28529. Convention date, Nov. 19, 1930. [Class 64 (i).] The steam intake pipe 6 for passing steam through t h e wall 1 of a digester, for instance for sulphite pulp, is surrounded by a sleeve 4 which supports the brick lining 2, t h e annular space between the sleeve 4 and the pipe 6 being in direct communication with the interior of the digester and extending outwards to the digester shell 1, and the pipe and sleeve only communicate at their exterior ends ; stresses, due to the heat expansion of tube 6 being transmitted to the lining, are thereby prevented. The annular space may be provided with baffles to aid circulation therein. An intermediate sleeve 10 may be provided which supports a circulation tube 11 in the digester. The annular space 12 between sleeves 4, 10 then communicates with the interior of the digester, and the space 9 between the sleeve 10 and pipe 6 communicates with the interior of pipe 11.
Patent GB-1471982-A (GB)
Title: Character pattern line thickness regularizing device
IPC: G06V30/10
Filed: 1974-06-27
Abstract: 1471982 Character recognition systems RICOH KK 27 June 1974 [2 July 1973] 28619/74 Heading G4R The line thickness of an electrical image of a character to be recognized is adjusted to a predetermined thiskness by subjecting the image successively to the steps of (a) thickening those parts of the image which have less than predetermined thickness, (b) thinning the resulting image to a uniform thickness, and (c) thickening the thinned image to the predetermined thickness. Alternatively the inverse process may be performed in respect of each step i.e. in step (a) thick lines are thinned, &c. To prevent the thinning step from producing gaps in the character lines an additional step (d) may be taken between steps (a) and (b) which involves additional thickening of portions of the thickened image. The scanned character image is represented by an m row by n column matrix of bits, in which a 1-bit represents a character portion in the embodiment described. The image is stored in a main memory 16, Fig. 3, which comprises m n-bit shift registers. The registers feed m 5- bit shift registers forming memory 18. In step (a), for each of the n successive read-out steps of memory 16, the weighted sum of the 5 bits in row r - 1 of memory 18 is compared with the weighted sum of the bits in row r + 1 by thickening unit 22 (Fig. 4a, not shown). The bits may be equiweighted. Provided that the centremost bit of row r is 1, the centremost bit of row r+ 1 of memory 20 (which comprises m 5-bit registers) is set to 1 if the weighted sum of row r - 1 is less than or equal to the weighted sum of row r+1. If it is not the centre bit of row r - 1 is set to 1. In a similar manner (Fig. 4b, not shown) the second or fourth bit of row r of memory 20 is set to 1 according to the weighted sums of the second and fourth bits in rows r - 2 to r + 2. This step thus has the effect of thickening any part of the image which is less than 2 bits wide in the horizontal or vertical directions to 2 bits wide. The bits from memory 20 are passed to memory 16. The image now in memory 16 is passed again via memory 18 to a unit 26 which performs the additional thickening step (d). Unit 26 may be an AND gate which sets a bit in row r of memory 20 to 1 if certain adjacent bits in rows r - 1, r, and r+ 1 of memory 18 are all 1 (Fig. 6, not shown). Again the contents of memory 20 are transferred to memory 18. In the thinning step (b) a bit in row r of memory 20 is set to 0 if the corresponding bit in row r in memory 20 and the diagonally upper left adjacent bit in row r - 1 are both 1. The line width of the resulting image stored in memory 16 is one bit wide, and is subjected to widening to 2 bits wide as described above for step (a). This image is then passed to recognition circuitry. The operations on the bits of the image may be performed wholly serially or wholly in parallel instead of in series-parallel as described above.
Patent GB-1047715-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the roller drying of mixtures
Inventor: KETT GEORGE
IPC: F26B17/28
Filed: 1962-07-25
Abstract: 1,047,715. Drying methods. J. & J. COLMAN Ltd. July 23, 1963 [July 25, 1962], No. 28624/62. Heading F4G. [Also in Division A2] A method of drying a mixture containing one or more constituents liable to be adversely affected during drying on a heated roller comprises forming a plurality of separate layers comprising the constituents on the roller, allowing the layers to dry thereon, and removing the dried layers as a single film therefrom, characterized in that the constituents are chosen so that those liable to be adversely affected are shielded by one of these layers unaffected by the adverse conditions. The conditions may be heat from the roller or atmospheric conditions or reactions between the constituents.
Patent GB-1043764-A (GB)
Title: Weapon simulator
IPC: G10K15/04
Filed: 1965-07-06
Abstract: 1,043,764. Simulating small-arms fire. SAAB A.B. July 6, 1965 [July 7, 1964], No. 28667/65. Heading F3C. A simulator for simulating the firing of weapons, e.g. small caliber automatic weapons, comprises a gas chamber 1 connected through ducting 2 and an electromagnetically operated valve 5 to a pressure gas source 4 and having an outlet controlled by a valve means 23. The valve means comprises a piston 24 co-operating with the outlet and a piston-rod 25 which passes through a wall of the chamber to engage the spring-loaded lever of a cam follower. The gas pressure source further feeds, through a twoway valve 15, a lever catch mechanism 35 and, through a throttling restriction 11 and a duct 6, a motor 7 to drive a cam 9 which is provided with a step 10. A cycle of the simulator is controlled by an electric relay unit 18 which initially actuates valve 15 to feed gas into the lever catch mechanism to lock the cam follower against operation and actuates valve 5 to feed gas into chamber 1. At a predetermined pressure in the chamber 1a relay 19 operates to vent the lever catch mechanism through valve 15, the unlocking of the lever allowing the valve means to unseat as the cam follower roller 33 cooperates with the step 10 of the cam due to the pressure difference across the piston 24, the valve means being closed again on the cam follower roller reaching the normal outer diameter of the cam 9. The unseating of the valve forms a heavy detonation. On the pressure in the chamber 1 falling the relay 19 is deactivated such that the lever catch mechanism is actuated again.