Patent GB-1351371-A (GB)
Title: Methods and apparatus for determining the volume of colloidal particles suspended in a liquid
Inventor: ADLER S L
IPC: G01N15/04
Filed: 1971-09-14
Abstract: 1351371 Centrifugal separators TECHNICON INSTRUMENTS CORP 14 Sept 1971 [14 Sept 1970] 42876/71 Heading B2P [Also in Division G1] The volume of colloidal particles suspended in a liquid is determined by continuously rotating an elongate chamber having at least one end normally open, introducing the particle-containing liquid into the chamber while the latter is being rotated, and subsequently measuring the packed volume of the particles in the chamber. An apparatus for determining the packed cell volume of whole blood samples is shown in Fig. 1A. The blood samples are contained in receptacles 7 carried by a turntable 5 which is indexable to position each receptacle in turn below an off-take tube 9. The tube 9 is controlled by a mechanism 11 to move into and out of a receptacle 7 located beneath it during each dwell period of the turntable 5, anud into and out of a washliquid container 13 during indexing of the turntable. The tube 9 is connected to a flexible tube which is in turn connected to a peristaltic roller-tube type pump 17 to which are further connected a tube 19 connected to a reagent or fluid source, a tube 21 open to atmosphere and a tube 23 connected to a second washliquid source. Accordingly, off-take tube 9 successively aspirates a segment (S) of blood sample, Fig. 1B, from each recepticle 7 and segments of air (A), wash liquid (W) and air (A) in turn between successively aspirated blood sample segments and directs them alternately via a pinch-valve arrangement 45 and conduits 31, 33 to an automatic analysis apparatus 35 and a centrifuge 37. The valve arrangement 45 is phased with respect to the turntable 5 and the centrifuge 37 by a programmer 47. The centrifuge 37 comprises a circular head 49 positioned in a container 51 and mounted on a spindle 53 rotatable by a two-speed electric motor 59 controlled by a programmer 47. A loading well 63, an elongate, radial capillary chamber 61 and an overflow bore 64, Fig. 1D, are formed in a plastics insert member 65 which is fitted in a recess in the head 49. A viewing window 75 is milled through the base of the head and a light source 77 and a photodetector 79 are mounted in alignment on opposite sides of the head. A light shutter 81 rotated by a synchronous motor 85 is provided with a spiral aperture 83. The output of photodetector 79 is connected to the input of an amplifier 89 which controls the operation of motor 85. The latter is connected via a spindle 91 to the arm 93 of a potentiometer 95. The position of the light shutter is indicated by a voltage signal sent along leads 99 to a stylus recorder 101. In order to read the packed cell volume of a blood sample introduced into the capillary chamber 61 from the well 63 during rotation of the centrifuge head 49, programmer 47 closes a switch 115 to energize motor 85 to rotate light shutter 81 so that its spiral aperture 83 scans the length of chamber 61 to the interface 84 between the plasma 86 and the packed cells 82. When packing of the cells is completed, and aperture 83 reaches that interface whereby light through chamber 61 is intercepted by the packed cells 82, photodetector 79 is deactivated whereby amplifier 89 is non- operational and motor 85 is de-energized. The output of potentiometer 95 as recorded by recorder 101 indicates the packed cell volume. The loading-packing phase and the dischargewash phase of the centrifuge 37 are determined by programmer 47 by controlling the rotational speed of the centrifuge head 49 to operate a pivotable, spring-biased valve 119' which has a weighted end portion 129. Above a predetermined speed, i.e. during centrifugation, the weighted portion 129 of the valve causes it to close the outer extremity of the capillary chamber 61. After measurement of the packed cell volume, programmer 47 causes motor 59 to rotate the centrifuge head below the predetermined speed whereby valve 119' opens the extremity of chamber 61 and the packed cells are centrifugally forced from the chamber 61. The programmer 4 then operates the pinchvalve arrangement 45 to stop flow to the apparatus 35 and to cause a wash liquid segment to flow into well 63 so that it is forced along with air through the chamber 61 to clean the latter. Modifications of the apparatus (a) for measuring the volumes of red and white blood cells in a blood sample using a blue-green light source at about 5000A, Fig. 2 (not shown); (b) for measuring a plurality of packed cell volumes concurrently Fig. 4A (not shown); and (c) showing a mechanically operated valving arrangement are illustrated and described.