baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1333988-A (GB)
Title: Isolation of semiconductor devices
IPC: H01L21/761
Filed: 1971-01-18
Abstract: 1333988 Semi-conductor devices INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 18 Jan 1971 [26 Jan 1970] 2342/71 Heading H1K A method of isolating a portion of a semiconductor body utilizing PN junction isolation walls comprises forming an epitaxial layer 1, of one conductivity type, upon a substrate 4 of the opposite conductivity type, forming a diffused region 25, of the opposite conductivity type in the layer 1, and forming a second epitaxial layer 2, of the one conductivity type, over the layer 1, during which formation the region 25 outdiffuses into both layers, and continuing the epitaxial growth until the width 5 of the layer 2, above the diffusion region, is equal to the width 6 of the layer 1 below the diffusion region, when the growth is stopped, and the body further heat treated until the region 25 extends from the substrate 4 to the top of layer 2 (not shown). This further heat treatment may occur as a result of further processing to provide a component in the isolated region. This combination of heat treatments produces an isolation wall which has its greatest width at the interface of the layers 1, 2, the narrower portions of the wall being complementary to the widest regions of the component so enabling greater device densities to be achieved. Components may include resistors, diodes, transistors or capacitors.
Patent GB-1243994-A (GB)
Title: Compound crystal
IPC: H04R17/00
Filed: 1968-07-26
Abstract: 1,243,994. Rare earth oxide. HITACHI Ltd. 26 July, 1968 [2 Aug., 1967; 18 Sept., 1967], No. 2380/71. Divided out of 1,243,993. Heading C1A. [Also in Division H1] Relates to compound crystalline substances of general formula where R and R<SP>1</SP> are at least one kind of rare earth, x is 0 to 1À0 and e is 0 to 0À2, gadolinium molybdate (GMO) being the chief example. The Specification lists 48 other examples. To make Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 , the appropriate oxides are mixed, pelleted and heated in a platinum or alumina crucible at 700 C. for a few hours. The sample is then cooled, powdered, stirred, pelleted and re-heated for two to four hours at 1000 C. An electric furnace is used. To form a single crystal, the GMO powder is fused in a platinum crucible at about 1190 C. and a crystal pulled from the melt using a platinum wire of 1 mm. diameter revolving at 30-60 r.p.m. and raised at a rate of 1À5 to 18 mm./hr. A crystal of about 1 mm. diameter is obtained and this may be used as a seed for a larger crystal using the same method. The crystals are annealed to prevent formation of cracks. They belong to the rhombic mm 2 point group at temperatures below the phase transition temperature (Curie point) and exhibit ferroelectric/elastic properties at these temperatures, the a and b axes of the crystal being unequal.
Patent GB-976231-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to character identification means
Inventor: WILBY WILLIAM PETER LANHAM
IPC: G06V30/144
Filed: 1961-01-20
Abstract: 976,231. Automatic character reading. CROSFIELD ELECTRONICS Ltd. Jan. 17, 1962 [Jan. 20, 4961], No. 2409/61. Heading G4R. In character recognition apparatus of the kind which scans a character to obtain a waveform which is sampled in a tapped delay line 3 and positive and negative representations of each sample are derived, maximum or minimum signal selector circuits T1-T14 each connected to selected ones of the tappings, a recognition network for each possible waveform and connections to each network from certain of the tappings and from one or more of the maximum and minimum selector circuits and decision means adapted to select one of the outputs of the recognition networks. The signals at the tappings of the delay line are amplified positively and negatively in amplifiers B1-B20. For each character there is a selector T1-T14 which consists of a diode gate adapted to pass a negative signal when all the inputs are negative. The waveform for the character "0" is shown in Fig. 3. The "0" gate is connected to receive the signals S1,S2 (inverted) and S3. When the "0" waveform is properly located in the delay line the gate gives an output pulse which is applied through a suitable weighing resistor RW to the correlation networks for certain other characters. Selected amplifier outputs are connected directly to suitable weighting resistors of the correlation networks. The arrangement is such that when a character waveform is in the delay line the corresponding network gives a maximum signal. Also applied to each network is the output from selected gate circuits T1-T14. These signals being negative, suppress the output from the network. The arrangement is such that the gates responding to a "0" signal suppress the outputs of networks of characters which may otherwise be confused with it. It may happen that, due to defective printing, signals are produced from more than one network. A reject circuit 10 will reject a character producing more than one recognition signal. To prevent this, weak recognition signals e.g. less than 50% of the highest are suppressed by a feed back from the amplified output of each recognition network to every other network. The feed-back signals are applied through resistors Rd. The value of this resistor with respect to the resistor RJ feeding back the amplifier output to its own input, determines the suppression level of the feed back. Timing:- At the instant the waveform is properly positioned in the delay line the gates g are opened to pass the recognition signal. This instant is found by taking off a signal from the delay 3 three stages before the end and applying it to a branch delay line 16 consisting of three stages. The amplitude of the signal passed to delay line 16 is normalised by an automatic gain control circuit 13 controlled by the peak-level of the characteristic waveform picked off earlier in the delay line and stored in a capacitor in the detector 15.
Patent GB-525556-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of laminated wood structures
IPC: C09J161/06
Filed: 1939-01-24
Abstract: 525,556. Plywood. LANG, A. A. D., and WHYTE, S. Jan. 24, 1939, No. 2451. LClass 145 (ii)] In making laminated wood the laminae are impregnated with a heat-hardening substance and united by a thermoplastic bonding agent or resin. The wood laminae are kiln dried to a low water content and are placed while warm in a vacuum chamber into which an alcohol solution of a phenol-, cresol, or urea-formaldehyde resin is allowed to enter. After draining off the surplus solution the laminae are dried at 80‹C., and immersed in a solution in tri-chlorethylene of a polyvinyl acetal such as "Formvar" (R.T.M.). The surplus is removed and the laminae dried by heat. A second coating of the polyvinyl acetal resin may be applied or a thin film thereof interposed between the laminae. After assembly the laminae are pressed at 150 lbs. per square inch at 150‹C. The impregnated laminae may be treated with the thermoplastic resin in its monomeric form and subsequently polymerized.
Patent GB-524218-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to transmission gear for bicycles fitted with rear wheelauxiliary engines
IPC: B62M7/12
Filed: 1939-01-24
Abstract: 524,218. Motor-cycles ; driving gear. AUTO UNION AKT.-GES. Jan. 24, 1939, No. 2460. Convention date, Jan. 24, 1938. [Classes 79 (ii) and 79 (iii)] Transmission gear for a cycle fitted with a rear wheel auxiliary engine 2 comprises an engine-driven friction roller 16 mounted on a radius arm 9 pivoted to the engine casing and co-acting with a friction annulus 19 secured to the rear wheel, the annulus 19 consisting of the cylindrical portion of a sheet metal drum 17 which carries the wheel spokes 32 and is arranged substantially in the central plane of the wheel. The roller 16 is provided with a rubber or like sleeve 18 grooved to engage ribs on the annulus 9. Modifications are described in which (1) the roller 16 is provided with a number of rubber rings separated by shims, and (2) the grooved rubber surface is provided on the annulus 19 instead of on the roller. The annulus drum 17 is fixed to the wheel hub 3 mounted on bearings 23 on members 24, 25, the member 25 being fixed to the stationary wheel axle 28 secured to the wheel forks 35. The member 24 rotates on bearings 27 on the axle 28 and carries a pedal chain wheel 26 connected to the wheel hub by a free-wheel clutch (not shown). The engine is arranged inside the drum 17 with its cylinder 2 horizontal and is secured by means of its casing 1, 7 to the wheel axle 28. The engine shaft 4 drives the friction roller 16 through chain gear 12, 13, 14 enclosed in the hollow radius arm 9 which is rotatable on an extension 6 of the engine casing. The friction roller 16 is pressed against the annulus 19 by a spring 20 acting on the free end of the radius arm 9, the drive being disconnected when desired by means of a cable 21. The drum 17 on the road wheel is provided with fan blades 31 for cooling the engine.
Patent GB-672338-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to yarn winding apparatus
IPC: B65H63/08
Filed: 1950-01-31
Abstract: 672,338. Winding yarns. MASCHINENFABRIK SCHWEITER AKT.-GES. Jan. 31, 1950 [March 31, 1949], No. 2468/50. Class 120(ii) In a yarn winding machine of the kind incorporating knotting means and a rotary supply creel for bobbins to be unwound and in which interruption of winding prior to a supply bobbin being completely exhausted and replacement thereof is effected by means of a feeler bearing on the supply bobbin, the feeler is indirectly connected to a latch which releases a spring- biassed lever of a single-turn coupling to effect knotting of the yarn and replacement of the bobbin being unwound. The winding machine is driven by a motor which through friction wheels 2, 3 drives the winding spindle and through a belt 7 and gearing drives a one-revolution cam shaft 29. Pivotally mounted upon the cambox B is a revolvable plate 10 carrying supply-packages 15, the amount of yarn on each package being tested by a feeler 16. When a supply package is about to be exhausted, the movement of the feeler 16 releases a catch 18 to allow a spring-urged lever 20 to turn a shaft 23 to remove a locking lever from a pawl so that the shaft 29 is set in motion. A drum-cam in the shaft 29 thus rocks a lever to advance the table 10 to bring a new supply package into unwinding position. A cam 30 on the shaft 29, through the lever 20, rod 64 and lever 62 pushes the rod 65 to. move a spindle 78 and a member 85 so that a spring 93 can move the rod 75 to separate the friction discs 2, 3 and bring the winding spindle to rest. A further cam 38; (not shown), on the shaft 29 moves the red 26 of the knotting device, (not shown), to attach the new end of yarn and the cam 32 through lever 67 and link 69 resets the mechanism and restarts the wind. If the yarn being wound breaks, the yarn guide 83 swings under the pull of a spring 94 to turn the member 85 and release the rod 75 so that the spring 93 can separate the driving discs 2, 3, as before, to stop the drive to the spindle.
Patent GB-612430-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to constant voltage transformers
IPC: G05F3/06
Filed: 1946-01-25
Abstract: 612,430. Automatic regulation. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO., Ltd., and FRIEDLANDER, E. Jan. 25, 1946, No. 2525. [Class 38 (iv)] An arrangement for compensating for voltage variation, in constant voltage transformers, resulting from frequency changes, comprises an inductance connected across the output. The transformer 1, Fig. 1, having input terminals 2, 2 and supplying a load 3, has an iron-cored inductance in two equal sections 8A, 8B connected in parallel with the load. Secondary windings 9A, 9B, on the same cores, are connected in mutual opposition and are supplied with D.C. from a rectifier 11 in series with an acceptor combination 13, 14 tuned above the maximum possible mains frequency and connected across the output leads. Any rise in frequency causes an increase in the current through windings 9A, 9B with consequent fall in impedance of the inductance 8A, 8B. This results in an increased reactive load on the transformer which counteracts the increase in voltage. The inductive load formed by the coils 8A, 8B at the normal frequency is balanced by a condenser 15 in parallel therewith. Instead of feeding the rectifier 11 with the full supply voltage, a tapping on the inductance 8B, then acting as an auto-transformer, may replace the upper connection, see Fig. 2 (not shown). The arrangement may be further modified to reduce the effect of the D.C. windings 9A, 9B to zero at the minimum possible supply frequency either by connecting a further condenser across condenser 14 and inductance 13 and tuning the combination to maximum impedance at that frequency or by feeding D.C. from a further rectifier to an additional pair of windings so dimensioned that the effect of windings 9A, 9B is counterbalanced at the minimum frequency, see Fig. 3 (not shown). In any of the foregoing arrangements the series-tuned combination 13, 14 may be replaced by a parallel, rejector circuit tuned below the minimum supply frequency.
Patent GB-1282702-A (GB)
Title: Freeze-drying apparatus
IPC: B06B1/00
Filed: 1970-01-20
Abstract: 1282702 Freeze drying apparatus NESTLE'S PRODUCTS Ltd 20 Jan 1970 [20 Feb 1969] 2617/70 Heading B1B [Also in Division F4] A vibrator cooling system in a freeze drying apparatus of the horizontal vibrating sublimation tray type comprises a hollow plate attached to each vibrator having cooling fluid inlet and outlet tubes 72, 82 adjacent to opposite sides of the plate and having labyrinthine deflectors 91, 92, 93, 94. In another embodiment the vibrators are cooled by fluid circulating between their casing and a mantle surrounding the latter.
Patent GB-914072-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers
Inventor: ECKARDT LOTHAR
IPC: F28F1/32
Filed: 1961-01-23
Abstract: 914,072. Tubular heat - exchangers. SCHWERMASCHINENBAU K. LIEBKNECHT MAGDEBURG VEB. Jan. 23, 1961, No. 2686/61. Class 64 (3). A heat-exchanger comprises a housing enclosing at least one pipe 1 for carrying a cooling liquid, the pipe or pipes having a plurality of ribs 3 extending from the pipe or pipes to the housing, so dividing the interior of the exchanger into a series of compartments, each rib 3 having holes 5 allowing communication between compartments, the holes in adjacent ribs being mutually offset, a plurality of flangelike plates or fins 4 extending into the compartment and being arranged on the, or each, pipe and between successive ribs. The holes 5 are disposed on a circle concentric to the cooling pipe or on a plurality of circles concentric to the cooling pipes. The diameters of the circles are equal to or slightly greater than than the outside diameter of the flange-like plates or fins 4.
Patent GB-740201-A (GB)
Title: Self-releasing sprag for one-way clutches
IPC: F16D41/07
Filed: 1954-01-29
Abstract: 740,201. One-way clutches. FORMSPRAG CO. Jan. 29, 1954 [March 2, 1953], No. 2758/54. Class 80(2) Each sprag of a one-way clutch, biased by a common contracting garter spring so that arcuate surfaces A<SP>3</SP>, A<SP>4</SP> co-operate with outer and inner races of the clutch and having one side A<SP>1</SP> plane and the other A<SP>2</SP> of V-shape, is made from a blank cut from a drawn bar and having its centre of gravity substantially in the radial plane containing the centre of curvature of the surface A<SP>3</SP>, the blank then having the centre part of the side A<SP>2</SP> so cut away at K that the centre of gravity is moved to the left, whereby at a predetermined speed, at which the centrifugal force of the sprags exceeds the biasing action of the garter spring, the clutch becomes freed.
Patent GB-989991-A (GB)
Title: Processing of solid polymer
IPC: C08F6/00
Filed: 1963-01-22
Abstract: Polymers of alpha-olefins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule and containing about 20 to 55% of solvent are processed by forming a disperse phase suspension of the polymer in a heated gaseous suspending medium at a temperature sufficiently high to volatilize the solvent without melting the polymer and flowing the suspension in the disperse phase through a first zone which removes solvent from the polymer in particulate form to give a solvent content of from 2 to about 15%, forming the separated polymer into a first dense fluidized bed with a heated gaseous fluidizing medium at a temperature below the melting-point of the polymer to reduce further the solvent content of the polymer to about 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, then forming this polymer into a second dense fluidized bed with a heated inert gasiform medium at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer and not less than the temperature of the first fluidized bed whereby the solvent content of the polymer is reduced to less than 100 p.p.m. and the polymer recovered from the second bed.  The polymers processed may be polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-butene-1 copolymers, or ethylene-pentene-1 copolymers.  The polymers are made by using Ziegler-Natta type catalysts and conventional diluents, i.e. hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. The initial solvent in the polymer is generally a mixture of a hydrocarbon and an aliphatic alcohol, e.g. xylene and methanol. The suspending and fluidizing medium may be solvent vapours, natural hydrocarbon gases such as methane, ethane, or propane, inert gases such as nitrogen, and steam at a temperature above the dew point.  The Specification also includes a flow diagram of a method for continuously processing the polymers.
Patent GB-1204583-A (GB)
Title: N-(n',n'-diphenylcarbamoyl)-lactam compounds for use as activators in the anionic polymerization of lactams
IPC: C08G69/20
Filed: 1968-01-18
Abstract: 1,204,583. N - (N<SP>1</SP>,N<SP>1</SP> - Diphenylcarbamoyl) - lactams. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODAFABRIK A.G. 18 Jan., 1968 [19 Jan., 1967], No. 2763/68. Heading C2C. [Also in Division C3] Novel N - (N<SP>1</SP>,N<SP>1</SP> - diphenylcarbamoyl) - lactam compounds of formula in which m denotes one of the integers from 2 to 11, are prepared by heating under reflux the dry lactam with triethylamine and diphenyl carbamoyl chloride in toluene. They are used as activators in the anionic polymerization of lactams.
Patent GB-1418672-A (GB)
Title: Pourable liquid detergent compositions
IPC: C11D3/14
Filed: 1973-01-19
Abstract: 1418672 Pourable liquid detergent composition UNILEVER Ltd 17 Jan 1974 [19 Jan 1973] 2907/73 Heading C5D A pourable liquid detergent composition comprises an aqueous detergent solution having a yield stress value at 20‹ C. of from 1 to 21 dynes/cm.<SP>2</SP>, and dispersed solid particles of a sparingly water-soluble alkaline buffer providing a pH within the range of from 10 to 13. Such buffers are calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide or the corresponding oxides which form the hydroxides in the presence of water. Excess buffer is used and may be up to 75% of the composition when an abrasive composition is required. Other abrasives, e.g. bentonite, pumice, alumina, talc and silica may be present. The aqueous detergent solution contains an alkali metal C 12 -C 18  alkyl sulphate together with a trialkylamine oxide, trialkylphosphine oxide or dialkylsulphoxide surfactant in the presence of an electrolyte with a univalent or divalent cation (e.g. NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ) and a three-dimensional network of insoluble entangled filaments (e.g. sodium stearate), these ingredients being present in such amounts as to provide a viscosity at 20‹ C. of from 1 to 60 poise at a shear rate of 7 sec.<SP>-1</SP> and a yield stress value at 20‹ C. of from 1 to 21 dynes/cm.<SP>2</SP> (Specification 1,418,671). Other additions are pigments and a hypochlorite bleaching agent. Specifications 1,262,280, 1,308,190 and 1,303,810 are referred to.
Patent GB-365804-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in magneto electric machines
IPC: H02K21/38
Filed: 1931-01-29
Abstract: 365,804. Inductor magnetos. SCINTILLA AKT.-GES., Solothurn, Switzerland. Jan. 29, 1931, No. 2979. Convention date, June 28, 1930. [Class 35.] A rotary inductor magneto with permanent cylindrical magnets has the armature coil arranged on one side of the inductor, and the polepiece which is remote from the inductor and is attached to the permanent magnets furthest from the coil, has a hole for the passage of the inductor shaft. In the form shown, the magnets c are arranged magnetically in parallel in a yoke d at their top ends and in the portion e1 of the yoke e at their lower ends. The flux path from the North poles, in the position shown in Fig. 2, comprises yoke e, inductor pole-piece a2, pole-piece f1, coil core h, pole-piece f2 of the coil core, inductor pole-piece a1 to the yoke d. A third magnet, or a second pair of magnets in parallel, may be substituted for the vertical part e2 of the yoke e, in which case they will be magnetically in series with the magnets c. Certain other numbers of magnets greater than four may be used.
Patent GB-666251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to voltage stabilisers
Inventor: LEYTON ERIC MCPHAIL
IPC: G05F1/607
Filed: 1949-02-04
Abstract: 666,251. Automatic voltage control systems. ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Jan. 18, 1950 [Feb. 4, 1949], No. 3083/49. Class 38 (iv). In a voltage stabilizer having a series resistor 3 and a shunt valve 4, the control voltage for the valve being derived from a potential divider across the output, the potential divider consists of a resistance 7 in series with a thermionic valve 8 operating with a substantially constant anode current, so that the ratio of voltage variations across the valve to voltage variations across the whole of the potentiometer is greater than the ratio of the respective voltages. The potential divider is connected across lines 5 and 10, this latter being supplied from an auxiliary source, fixed with reference to the earthed line 6. The un-by-passed cathode resistor 9 applies negative current feedback to ensure the required constant current characteristic. A second valve 11 is connected between 6 and 10, the grid-bias for both valves being fixed by a reference neon 15. The anode voltages are directly coupled to a cathode coupled amplifier 16, 17, the output of which controls the shunt valve 4.