Patent ES-349374-A1 (ES)
Title: Improvements in or relating to desalination
IPC: C02F1/22
Filed: 1968-01-16
Abstract: In a desalination process in which ice crystals are formed in seawater in a freezer/crystallizer by the direct contact evaporation of butane, the resultant ice-seawater slurry is passed upwardly through a separator chamber in which seawater is removed by spraying with wash water, and the resultant washed in crystals pass over the top of a wall of the separator chamber into a further chamber in which they are melted by direct contact with butane vapour. As illustrated in Fig. 1, feed seawater from a line 36 passes through a travelling band screen 100 for the removal of seaweed and fish, and then passes through a strainer 16 and two cooling heat exchangers 20 and 22 to the inlet of the freezer/ crystallizer 12. Ice/seawater slurry from the freezer/crystallizer passes through lines 50 and the separator/melter 14 in which the ice crystals are separated and melted as indicated above. Product water from the separator/melter is in part passed through a line 64 for use as separator wash water. The remainder of the product water passes through a line 56 to the heat exchanger 22, thence through a line 58 to a butane condenser 24, and thence via two debutanizers 26 and 28 to a fresh water storage reservoir 30. Reject seawater from the separator/melter 14 passes through a line 66 thence through the heat exchanger 20, butane condenser 24, and debutanizer 26 to a waste line 72. Part of the reject seawater in line 66 may be passed into the crystallizer/freezer 12 at 74. The butane condenser 24 and the debutanizer are so constructed that the fresh and seawater streams passing through them are kept separate. Liquid butane from the condenser 24 passes into the freezer/crystallizer 12 via line 76 and 96. Butane vapour from the freezer/crystallizer together with butane vapour from the debutanizer 26 is passed by a compressor 32 to the separator/melter 14. Butane which is liquified in the melting of the ice crystals passes through the line 96 and the freezer/crystallizer and remaining butane vapour is passed to the condenser 24 through lines 82 and 84 by a compressor 34. Make up butane is supplied through a line 86 to the line 96. Freezer/crystallizer (Figs. 2 and 4). Feed seawater enters the freezer/crystallizer at 48 and flows in a continuous path 106, 108, 110, 112 defined by walls 114, 116 under the influence of propellors 124. Liquid butane from the line 96 is supplied via pipes 130 and manifolds 132 to pipes 126 which have upwardly directed apertures so that butane emitted from them causes the seawater to circulate around baffles 134 as shown by the arrows in Fig. 4. The baffles are broken in the region of the inlet 48 and of the propellors 124. Some feed brine is passed to sprays 139 to keep roof supports 137 free of ice. Ice/seawater slurry from the circulation path flows over a weir to pass via the line 50 to the separator melter. The entrance to the line 50 is provided with a gas sealing hood (122), Fig. 3 (not shown). The line 78 for the withdrawal of vaporized butane is connected to the roof of the freezer/crystallizer. Separator/melter (Fig. 6). Ice/seawater slurry from the freezer/crystallizer is passed by the line 50 to the bottom of an annular separator chamber 142. Slurry rising in the chamber 142 passes a reject seawater outlet 148 and is sprayed with wash water from the line 64 by sprays 154 mounted on a rotating structure 152. The mixture of wash water and seawater from the outlet 148 passes through boxes 150 and pipes 153 to the line 66 to be fed to the butane condenser 24. The rotating structure 152 carries ploughs 156 which scrape ice crystals from the top of the chamber 142 onto a perforated plate 158 in an annular chamber 144 where they are melted by butane vapour from the line 80. Product water and any liquified butane pass through pipes 161 to accumulate as two layers in the lower part of the chamber 144. The upper butane layer is withdrawn through the line 96 for passage to the freezer/crystallizer and the lower product water layer is withdrawn through the line 56 for passage to the butane condenser 24. Butane remaining in the vapour state is withdrawn through pipes 164 and the line 82 for passage to the butane condenser 24. Butane condenser (Fig. 9). Butane vapour is condensed in the condenser by direct contact with reject seawater and with product water. The seawater and product water from lines 68 and 58 are supplied by sprays 194 and 196 for passage through packings 198 and 200, a bubble cap plate 204, and packings 206 and 207, to the lines 70 and 59 leading to the debutanizer 26. A partition 202 keeps the two liquids separate. Compressed butane vapour from the separator/melter enters the condenser at 224 and 226 to pass downwardly with the liquid streams through the beds 206 and 207. Any butane which is not liquified during such passage flows upwardly through a pipe 210 for subsequent downward passage through the bubble cap plate 204. Liquified butane collects as a layer on the top of the seawater and product water in the bottom of the condenser and is withdrawn at 228 and 230 for passage to the freezer/crystallizer. Debutanisers. The debutaniser 26 (Fig. 13) comprises a tower 236 which is divided into upper, central and lower compartments 238, 240, 242 by liquid seal devices 244, 246. Reject seawater and product water from the butane condenser are supplied by sprays 248 and 250 to pass downwardly through packings 252, 254, 262 and 264 to the lines 72 and 60 for wasting and for passage to the second debutanizer 272 respectively. The two liquids are kept separate by a partition 256 which has hooded apertures 265 to allow vapour communication between its two sides. The three compartments 238, 240, 242 are subjected to different degrees of vacuum by pumps 35, 37, 39 respectively, the lowest vacuum being in the compartment 238 and the highest in the compartment 242. Butane vapour withdrawn by the pumps 35 and 37 is passed to the separator/melter, and butane vapour withdrawn by the pump 39 is passed to the compartment 240. Product water from the debutaniser 26 is supplied to sprays 274 in the second debutaniser 272 (Fig. 1). Water from the sprays is stripped of butane in a packing 275 by a stream of air from a blower 278. The air containing the stripped butane is wasted through an outlet 280. The above described plant may incorporate the following modifications. The heat exchangers 20 and 22 may be replaced by double direct contact heat exchangers employing intermediate heat exchange media. A sieve bed classifier may be incorporated in the line 50 to allow small ice crystals to be returned to the freezer crystallizer. The seawater feed may be deaerated. The Specification lists exemplary operating conditions.