baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-940009660-B1 (KR)
Title: Jaw release device of band tightening in packaging machine
Inventor: SAKAKI YASUNORI
IPC: B65B13/22
Filed: 1988-05-25
Granted: 1994-10-15
Abstract: The device release a band at early stage and has a small scope of band tightening stroke and works well with a simple structure. The device comprises: (A) a groove for band guide on the upper part of an arm (1) which is easy to open by stroke; (B) an opening and closing lever (37); (C) a rock lever (31) rocking and releasing a switch lever (37); (D) a spring (9) which has a better elasticity than the jaw spring (5).
Patent KR-970001511-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HISAMUNE TAKAYUKI
IPC: H01J61/44
Filed: 1988-06-21
Granted: 1997-02-11
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-950008293-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SHIMIZU ETSUO
IPC: C09K11/78
Filed: 1988-07-14
Granted: 1995-07-27
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-910007407-B1 (KR)
Inventor: GAMADA DAKAO
IPC: H01L21/339
Filed: 1988-07-21
Granted: 1991-09-25
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-0134974-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HUNAHADA KATUYUKI
IPC: G02F1/139
Filed: 1988-07-27
Granted: 1998-04-22
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-920007450-B1 (KR)
Inventor: HORI DAKASHI
IPC: H01L21/28
Filed: 1988-07-29
Granted: 1992-09-01
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-910001414-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SUEFUJI KAZUTAKA
IPC: F04C18/02
Filed: 1988-08-08
Granted: 1991-03-05
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-910010178-B1 (KR)
Title: Piston and cylinder unit
Inventor: SCHTOLL KURT
IPC: F16J10/02
Filed: 1988-09-16
Granted: 1991-12-20
Abstract: The invention relates to a piston-cylinder set having a cylinder (1) in whose cylinder chamber (2) there is located a piston (4). This piston (4) is guided displaceably by the guide surface (8) on the circumference, of the cylinder chamber (2). The piston (4) is furthermore surrounded by at least one annular guide strip (7), which is arranged coaxially and extends over a longitudinal section of the piston. The outwardly pointing strip surface (9) of the guide strip (7) rests on the guide surface (8), with sliding play, while its opposite inner surface (10) is supported on the opposite outer circumferential surface (14) of the piston (4). The inner surface (10) furthermore has a radially inwardly projecting retaining projection (15), which engages in a circumferential depression (16) of the piston (4). The guide strip (7) consists of material having sprung-elastic characteristics and, at one point of its circumference, has an assembly/separating point. 
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Patent KR-910003904-B1 (KR)
Inventor: NAKATA TERUHIKO
IPC: B42D9/04
Filed: 1988-11-04
Granted: 1991-06-15
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-960016613-B1 (KR)
Title: Explosive for warhead and solid racket propellant
Inventor: BANKHAMER VINZENZ
IPC: C06B33/08
Filed: 1988-12-31
Granted: 1996-12-16
Abstract: An explosive with maximum energy yield for warheads and solid rocket propellants comprises a high-energy secondary explosive with inorganic perchlorate and metal component with a high affinity for oxygen as well as desensitizing and binding agents. The oxygen balance sheet of the secondary explosive is balanced by the perchlorate component approximately to provide a complete reaction to give carbon dioxide and water. Those explosive gases are reduced by the metal component, supplying energy, in accordance with the requirements made on the explosive.
Patent KR-960010569-B1 (KR)
Title: Disk recording apparatus
Inventor: YOSHIDA TADAO
IPC: G11B7/125
Filed: 1988-02-24
Granted: 1996-08-02
Abstract: A disc recording apparatus for recording data such as information concerning musical performance on a recording disc (1) to which absolute addresses have been imparted in advance. Vibration during the recording operation and unexpected track jump due to defect in the recording disc are detected relying upon the discontinuity of absolute addresses reproduced from the recording disc (1). In case the track jumping has taken place, the laser power of the optical head (12) is dropped to the reproduction level and the track jump control is effected to give access to a desired track. The recording operation is then resumed for the track.
Patent KR-920008108-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MORO EIJI
IPC: G11B20/06
Filed: 1989-04-04
Granted: 1992-09-22
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-0133925-B1 (KR)
Inventor: TOSSERAMS WILLEM ANNE
IPC: B65H31/02
Filed: 1989-05-24
Granted: 1998-04-25
Abstract: 요약없음
Patent KR-930004234-B1 (KR)
Inventor: OYABU SHINJI
IPC: H01F38/12
Filed: 1989-06-09
Granted: 1993-05-22
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-920008227-B1 (KR)
Title: Data extraction circuit of laser disk
Inventor: UM DU-CHAN
IPC: G11B20/16
Filed: 1989-09-01
Granted: 1992-09-25
Abstract: The circuit extracts bi-phase data signal by  detecting  only effetive edge. The circuit generates  edge-detect  disable  signal during a certain time after when an edge is detects and treats the edges detected during the edge dectet disable period  as  unusable edge. The circuit includes an edge detector  (100)  for  detecting rising or falling edge of bi-phase data signal, a  data  detecting and counter control unit (200) for detecting data  (SD)  according to rising or falling edge signal and for generating count  control signal when an edge detect signal is generated,  a  counter  (401) for counting edge detect disable period, an  edge  detect  disable signal generator (402) for generating edge detect  disable  signal (S6), and an effective edge detector (405) for detecting effective edge.
Patent KR-940008984-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for producing styrene-based polymers
Inventor: IMABAYASHI HIDEKI
IPC: C08F2/00
Filed: 1989-09-25
Granted: 1994-09-28
Abstract: A process for continuously producing a styrene-based polymer having high syndiotactic configuration which comprises continuously introducing a styrene-based monomer into a reactor and polymerizing to while adjusting the amount of the polymer produced in the reactor to at least 10% by weight of the total amount of the unreacted styrene-based monomer and the polymer. According to the present invention, the styrene-based polymer with high syndiotactic configuration is effectively produced with small power consumption.
Patent KR-920001482-B1 (KR)
Inventor: ISHIBASHI YOSHIMITSU
IPC: B31F1/28
Filed: 1989-09-25
Granted: 1992-02-15
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-930002760-B1 (KR)
Inventor: YOSHII YASUHARU
IPC: C08K3/04
Filed: 1989-10-31
Granted: 1993-04-10
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-940003376-B1 (KR)
Inventor: KIMURA MASAKAZU
IPC: H01L27/11
Filed: 1989-11-06
Granted: 1994-04-21
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-970001930-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SAKAUE AKINORI
IPC: C09C1/58
Filed: 1989-11-24
Granted: 1997-02-19
Abstract: 내용없음.
Patent KR-930002086-B1 (KR)
Title: Apparatus for interfacing repeater for digital communications in cept system
Inventor: CHANG MUN-SU
IPC: H04J3/06
Filed: 1989-12-30
Granted: 1993-03-26
Abstract: The  E1  2048  Kbps  interface  type  digital   relay   line interfacing apparatus is adopted by a TDX-10 digital  exchange  to interface  a  TDX-10  digital  exchange  to  exchange  units   and transmitters of E1 type. The  apparatus  includes  a  loop  tester (202)  for  testing  loop  interfacing  units  to   find   faults, transmission and reception line interfacing  units  (210,211)  for transmitting test data to the loop tester (202) and for  receiving test result from the loop tester (202), a PCM transducer (201) for assigning input PCM data to time slots  and  for  detecting  frame synchronous signal to identifying number of channel, and  a  clock signal re-gererating unit (205) for reproducing clock signal  from input  signal  to  use  the  clock  signal  as  network  reference frequency.
Patent KR-950011525-B1 (KR)
Title: Up-down shaking compesation method in da4 head vtr
Inventor: SONG SUNG-HUN
IPC: G11B20/22
Filed: 1989-12-31
Granted: 1995-10-05
Abstract: The method compensates the monitor vibration during slow action in the video tape recorder. The device includes the microcomputer(1) which generates the vertical-lock pulse position data by control of system, the servo(2) which generates the vertical-lock pulseposition data from microcomputer(1) with synchronizing the head switching pulse, and the video processor(3) which generates the playback video signal.
Patent KR-930009648-B1 (KR)
Title: Optical recording materials
Inventor: KIM BYONG-HUN
IPC: G11B7/243
Filed: 1990-01-31
Granted: 1993-10-08
Abstract: The  opto-magnetic  recorder  is  produced  by  the  ultimate lamination of Ti, Pt or TbFeCo  layer.  The  apparatus  can  play, record, and delete the information by employing the  laser-optical apparatus. The apparatus comprises RE-TM alloy for  the  recording layer. The manufacture of the recording layer can be  accomplished under the rotation of the substrate holder (6) with the  300  Torr air pressure. The constant power is input on the layer W1, W2  and the thickness of RE-TM, Pt or Ti layer  decided  by  the  rotating speed of the substrate holder and the ratio between W1 and W2.
Patent KR-0167757-B1 (KR)
Inventor: IWAKO MOTONARI
IPC: B65G65/48
Filed: 1990-02-09
Granted: 1998-12-01
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-930001378-B1 (KR)
Title: Method for producing antioxydant from nonfat rice bran
Inventor: SHIN JAE-IK
IPC: C09K15/34
Filed: 1990-04-07
Granted: 1993-02-27
Abstract: (a)  mixing defatted ricebran in a solvent of 40-60 %  ethanol  in  water  for 1- 12 hours under  stirring  at  50-80  deg.C  to  obtain  a  first extracted soln., the wt. ratio of solvent: ricebran  being  4-5:1; (b)  sepg.  a  residue  from  the   first   extracted   soln.   by centrifugation; (c) contacting the  residue  with  water  for  2-3 hours at 50-80 deg.C to obtain a second extracted soln.,  the  wt. ratio of water: residue being 4-5:1;  (d)  mixing  the  first  and second extracted solns.; (e) concentrating the mixed  soln.  to  a water content of 40-50 %. The antioxidant is safe and low in cost; it has higher activity and is obtd.  in  higher  yields  than  the antioxidant extracted from ricebran by  the  process  of  Japanese Patent laying-open No. 241985.
Patent KR-920008139-B1 (KR)
Inventor: USUI MASAYOSHI
IPC: F16L55/035
Filed: 1990-04-26
Granted: 1992-09-22
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-0143805-B1 (KR)
Inventor: ROSSEY GUY
IPC: C07D281/10
Filed: 1990-07-05
Granted: 1998-07-15
Abstract: 내용없음
Patent KR-940001957-B1 (KR)
Title: Recording materials
Inventor: YAMAOKA HIDEO
IPC: G11B7/24015
Filed: 1990-08-25
Granted: 1994-03-12
Abstract: An information recording medium formed by adhering, with an adhesive composition, two disk substrates to each other, at least one of the two disk substrates having a recording layer on at least one surface of a transparent resin substrate thereof and the adhesive composition comprising     (1) the following components:  (A) an  alpha -olefin polymer,  (B) an ethylene/(meth)acrylate copolymer,  (C) a styrene-type polymer, and  (D) a tackifier provided that at least one of the components (A) to (D) is modified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, or   (2) the following components:  (A) an  alpha -olefin polymer,  (C) a styrene-type polymer,  (D) a tackifier, and  (E) fine filler particles. n
Patent KR-940006995-B1 (KR)
Inventor: MIYAMOTO SHINJI
IPC: G11C11/401
Filed: 1990-09-05
Granted: 1994-08-03
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-950006129-B1 (KR)
Inventor: FIRI MAHMOUD R
IPC: C08F210/18
Filed: 1990-09-10
Granted: 1995-06-09
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-940010996-B1 (KR)
Inventor: SUMIMOTO KATSUAKI
IPC: B41J17/24
Filed: 1990-10-15
Granted: 1994-11-22
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-970010243-B1 (KR)
Title: Communication method between digital signal processing
Inventor: LIM JONG-SEUNG
IPC: H04L25/02
Filed: 1990-10-20
Granted: 1997-06-23
Abstract: A method for communication between digital signal processors is disclosed. The method for communication between the digital signal processors comprises: switching a BIO terminal of a first digital signal processor to an active low state in a second digital signal processor; latching transmission data of the first digital signal processor when the BIO terminal is switched to the active low state; outputting an interrupt signal to the second digital signal processor from the first digital signal processor; outputting the latched transmission data of the first digital signal processor to the second digital signal processor; and completing the communication between the first and second digital signal processors. Thereby, the method may perform the communication between the digital signal processors using a simple control logic.
Patent KR-930004449-B1 (KR)
Title: Tape loading device of vcr
Inventor: IM JONG-RAK
IPC: G11B15/665
Filed: 1990-12-06
Granted: 1993-05-27
Abstract: In the tape loading, the left and right loading  guide  holes (21) are placed on both sides of head drum (22)  in  loading  base (20). The  left  and  right  two  joint  loading  arms  (30)  each assembled with two levers  are  connected  to  the  inclined  post assemblies (23), and can load and unload the post assemblies (23). The two joint loading arms (30) are connected to the rear  end  of straight levers (31) connected by pins (36) on the  front  end  of post assemblies (23) and the front end of curved  levers  (32)  by connecting pins (37), and connected to the  power  converting  and intermediate means.
Patent KR-940002085-B1 (KR)
Inventor: NAGAI SUSUMU
IPC: B62D35/00
Filed: 1990-12-20
Granted: 1994-03-17
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-930007249-B1 (KR)
Title: Cerebrovascular contraction agents
Inventor: KIKUCHI HARUHIKO
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1990-12-20
Granted: 1993-08-04
Abstract: An agent for the treatment of cerebrovascular contraction comprising as an effective ingredient a p-guanidinobenzoic acid derivative represented by the formula <CHEM>  wherein R denotes a group represented by the formula <CHEM>  or a group represented by the formula <CHEM> or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. a
Patent KR-940002403-B1 (KR)
Title: Manufacturing method of soi mos device
Inventor: YU JONG-SON
Filed: 1991-05-29
Granted: 1994-03-24
Abstract: The production method employing the general LOCOS method to build up the activated region (24) and the field oxide film (23) comprises: (A) forming the polycrystalline silicon pattern (25) on the upper side of the activated region; (B) forming a gate silicon oxide film (26) by thermal oxidation of a part of the silicon pattern, and polycrystalline silicon patterns (25a),(25b) ion implanted with phosphorus and arsenic; (C) forming an N negative polycrystalline silicon source (28) and a drain (29) rare-doped with phosphorus at the both sides of channel region (30), and also an arsenic-rich-doped N positive polycrystalline silicon source (31) and a drain (32), with heat treating for making the gate silicon oxide film (27).
Patent KR-950010994-B1 (KR)
Title: Method for classifing an electric discharge machining wave
Inventor: SO SOK-YONG
IPC: G01R23/00
Filed: 1991-07-18
Granted: 1995-09-26
Abstract: The method comprises the steps of generating a sensing signal produced by ANDing a delayed clock signal and a reference clock signal; generating another signal by ANDing the delayed signal and a new signal which is once more delayed; classifying a current waveform by comparing the predetermined high potential with a low potential; generating a sectional waveform detection signal of an electro discharge waveform; generating an open waveform detection signal of the electro discharge waveform; and producing an ache-typed detection signal.
Patent KR-930006961-B1 (KR)
Title: Muffler for a car
Inventor: LEE DAE-SONG
IPC: F01N3/04
Filed: 1991-09-11
Granted: 1993-07-24
Abstract: The muffler  for  reducing  harmful  materials  or  noise  in exhaust gas of IC engine, comprises front muffler joint (11), rear exhaust pipe (12), a pair of first/second/third nozzles (32,34,36) passing through hexahedral body (20);  first/second  shower  guide panels (42,44) at the rear side of second/third nozzles  fixed  by screw at noise absorbing panel (46); depressed section (50) having a filter (51) at the bottom of the body (20); baffle (13)  at  the rear side of the inner wall;  discharge  tube  (60)  of  pump  (P) connected with the driving pulley of the engine  (E),  and  nozzle (30); by- pass  way  comprising  suction  tube  (70)  with  storing chambers (72,74) having check valves (72c,74c) and connected  with the section (50) and the pump (P).
Patent KR-940002935-B1 (KR)
Title: Chroma signal adjusting circuit
Inventor: JO HYON-DOK
IPC: H04N9/64
Filed: 1991-09-28
Granted: 1994-04-07
Abstract: The circuit is for removing cross color appearing at the boundary of a color signal and a brightness signal. The circuit includes a brightness signal processing unit for detecting and filtering brightness component in the video signal to generate a brightness signal, a clamping unit for detecting DC level of a video signal during one clamping period, a color signal detector for detecting and storing a color signal in a memory, an interpolation filter for fetching and line and color interpolation filtering a color signal, and a color signal compensator (9) for outputting color interpolation result or clamping result according to color signal detected in a current line and adjacent lines.
Patent KR-940006787-B1 (KR)
Title: Laser diode
Inventor: JO YONG-RAE
Filed: 1991-10-31
Granted: 1994-07-27
Abstract: Laser diode in which a stem, on which a chip is attached, is mounted on a base, a light receiving device is mounted on a portion opposite to the chip, a cap which protects the parts is capped, and wherein a groove is formed on the front of the stem, a silver epoxy layer is formed in the groove, thereby making bonding place of the chip fixed.
Patent KR-970004226-B1 (KR)
Inventor: TANAKA KENJI
IPC: H01L23/498
Filed: 1991-12-07
Granted: 1997-03-26
Abstract: 내용없음.
Patent KR-970008526-B1 (KR)
Title: Interface device for holding the system data in common
Inventor: HYUN SANG-YONG
IPC: G06F15/16
Filed: 1991-12-28
Granted: 1997-05-24
Abstract: An interface device for a data sharing between systems which have different bus structures is disclosed. In the interface device, a multiplexor(1) receives addresses generated by first and second systems and selectively outputs one address. A shared memory(2) is accessed by the first or second systems according to the address from the multiplexor(1). A control selecting means(3) receives the control signal from the first and second systems and controls the multiplexor(1) and shared memory(2) in response thereto. An interrupt processor(4) processes an interrupt generated by the first and second systems according to the control signal of the control selecting means(3). A buffer(5) performs data input/output from the shared memory(2) according to the control of the control selecting means(2).
Patent KR-940002531-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for making raw of soysauce by extruder
Inventor: JONG HON-UNG
IPC: A23L27/50
Filed: 1991-12-31
Granted: 1994-03-25
Abstract: A raw material for soysauce is prepd. by (a) mixing defatted soybean with 0.05-1 % yeast extract or 0.05-1.5 % hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP) and (b) extruding the mixt. at 110-190 deg.C of barrel temp., 10-50 % of initial moisture content and 250-400 rpm velosity of screw to obtain the final product. The obtd. raw material for soysauce is useful for the improvement of efficiency of soysauce fermentation.
Patent KR-940005843-B1 (KR)
Title: Cm-cutting circuit & method
Inventor: NA IL-KU
IPC: G11B15/02
Filed: 1992-01-28
Granted: 1994-06-24
Abstract: The cutting off method comprises a CM character recognition means (80) differenciating the output signals of a demodulator (10) and comparing the differenced signals with the first reference voltage to integrate the compared signals; a program character recognition means (90) adding the output signals of the demodulator (10) and the delayed signals of the demodulator (10) to compare the added signals with the second reference voltage; a microprocessor (60) cutting off the commercial message when the CM character recognition means (80) is activated.
Patent KR-100208465-B1 (KR)
Title: Mirrorless scanners with movable laser, optical and sensor components
Inventor: BORIS METLITSKY
IPC: G07G1/00
Filed: 1992-05-13
Granted: 1999-07-15
Abstract: In bar code symbol scanning systems employing laser, optical and sensor components, a mirrorless scanner arrangement mounts one or more of these components on a drive for repetitively reciprocating movement either about an axis or in a plane to effect scanning. All of the components are mounted together in a common assembly to constitute a compact, lightweight scan module which is mounted in an interchangeable, modular manner in housings of different configurations.
Patent KR-970000531-B1 (KR)
Title: The manufacturing method of milk-white acryl lighting cover which is mixed a fluorescent substance
Inventor: KIM EUN-YONG
IPC: F21V7/22
Filed: 1992-05-22
Granted: 1997-01-13
Abstract: The method of manufacturing the cover of illuminating lamp is comprised of: 1) mixing a fluorescent material of 1 wt.% (Ca10(PO4)6FCl: Sb, Mn, or Ca10(FCl)(PO4)6:Sb, Mn) into an acrylic resin of 10 wt.% containing an existing synthetic resin having a high light-projective characteristic; 2) uniformly stirring the particles of the fluorescent material mixed into the acrylic resin; and 3) processing a protective window which is light-projected and a light-projective cover for use in a lamp in a conventional compression molding or injection molding manner.
Patent KR-940010762-B1 (KR)
Title: Standard capacity injection device
Inventor: KIM SANG-KYUN
IPC: B67C3/00
Filed: 1992-05-25
Granted: 1994-11-11
Abstract: The apparatus simultaneously injects a fixed quantity of liquid (i.e. juice, beverage, liquid medicine) into a plurality of bottles without bubbles or foams so that it can improve a work efficiency. The apparatus comprises pistons (21) simultaneously moving up/down; a liquid injection means forming cylinders (20) corresponing to the pistons (21); a liquid storage (22); nozzles (11) connected to the cylinders and fixed by a nozzle fixture; a bottle fixture plate (30) having tapered holes and moving up/down by a hydraulic cylinder.
Patent KR-950000286-B1 (KR)
Title: Coding device and method for fax
Inventor: KANG KU-SU
IPC: H04N1/41
Filed: 1992-05-28
Granted: 1995-01-12
Abstract: The arithmetic coding apparatus and its method are for an intermediate video in a video processing system and particularly for one dimentional arithmetic coding and method. The method includes a first step for initiating an encoder; a second step for reading one pixel to decide, as reference pixels, a pixel preceding as much as the number of a dithering threshold value and a pixel adjoining the read pixel; a third step for selecting a corresponding situation according to a rest value left by dividing the value of two reference pixels and a horizontal position of the read pixel by the number of the dithering threshold value; a fourth step for coding a most probable symbol or a less probable symbol according to the situation; and a fifth step for renovating a probable value after the coding.
Patent KR-0134359-B1 (KR)
Inventor: JUNG JE-CHANG
IPC: H03M7/00
Filed: 1992-07-23
Granted: 1998-04-29
Abstract: 본 발명의 소정 크기의 블록단위로 분할된 영상데이타를 부호화 및 복호화시키는 시스템에 관한 것으로,  여러가지 매스킹패턴을 갖는 다수의 매스킹수단을 구비하고,  블록데이타의 계수분포가 매스킹패턴과 일치하는가를 각 매스킹수단에서 검사하여,  블록데이타와 일치하는 매스킹패턴중 가장 단순한 매스킹패턴을 선택하고,  이 선택된 매스킹패턴에 따라 블록데이타를 스캔하면서 부호화하며 이 부호화데이타를 복호화함에 있어서 부호화시 선택된 매스킹패턴에 따라 스캔방식과 동일한 스캔방식으로 부호화데이터를 복호화하므로써,  각 블록데이타에 대해 최적의 스캔방식을 취할 수 있고 이에 따라 전송데이타의 압축효율도 증가시킬 수 있다.
Patent KR-950006781-B1 (KR)
Title: Wide angle lens system for video-phone
Inventor: KIM HU-SHIK
IPC: H04N7/18
Filed: 1992-11-24
Granted: 1995-06-22
Abstract: In the optical instrument, a stop is provided between a first lens and a second lens, the first lens satisfying the relation of -0.7×(the total power of lenses)<(the power of the first lens)<-0.4×(the total power of lenses) and the second lens satisfying the relation of -0.7×(the total power of lenses)<(the power of the second lens)<-1.4×(the total power of lenses) by reducing the radius of curvature on the right of the first lens and increasing the absolute value of the negative power.