Patent GB-723860-A (GB)
Title: Electrical synchronizing systems for cathode-ray tube apparatus such as colour television receivers
IPC: H04N9/24
Filed: 1953-04-16
Abstract: 723,860. Automatic frequency and phase control systems. PHILCO CORPORATION. April 16, 1953 [April 18, 1952], No. 10423/53. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XL (b)] A cathode-ray tube system having a series of scanned target members, such as the colour-sensitive stripes of a colour television receiver, is provided with a secondseries of target members in similar geometrical formation to the first series but with different response characteristics. A pulsatory output signal arising from the scanning of the second targets is amplified and fed to a frequency discriminator centred on the nominal frequency of the output signal, thus yielding a control signal varying with frequency deviation. This control signal is used to adjust the phase of a wave which determines the moments at which the electron beam in the C.R. tube is intensified. Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the colour stripes 38, 40, 42 and the signal targets 44 on a conductive transparent coating 36 of stannic oxide, silver, &c., within the glass envelope 22 of the C.R. tube. There is one signal target 44 for each trio of colour-sensitive stripes, and it is formed of gold, platinum, tungsten, magnesium or other oxide having a secondary-emission ratio detectable different from the rest of the structure, so that signal pulses are emitted at 46 as the electron beam crosses each target 44. These pulses are fed through a band-pass amplifier and limiter 72, Fig. 3, to a frequency discriminator 104, which may be of the Foster- Seeley type. Any frequency deviation of the pulse train from its nominal value produces a control voltage at the discriminator output which voltage is differentiated at 110, and added to the control voltage at 108, and applied to a reactance tube 102 to adjust the frequency of an oscillator 100. A phase detector 106 compares the phase of the oscillator output with that of the output of the amplifier 72 and applies a further control voltage to the adder 108. The oscillator output is thus kept in frequency and phase agreement with the pulsatory output from the target electrodes 44 despite irregularities in scanning speed and the stripe formation. The oscillator output is split into three equally-spaced phases at 64, and the wave outputs are applied respectively to three modulators 56, 58, 60 which are also fed at 50, 52, 54 with three video signals from the television receiver representing respectively the red, green and blue components of the picture. The waves are modulated in amplitude by the colour components and are applied through band-pass filters 66, 68, 70 to the control grid 16 of the C.R. tube to intensify the electron beam to a degree corresponding to the momentary strength of the particular colour. A brightness signal is also applied to the grid 16 by combining the component signals in an adder 62. Horizontal and vertical scanning of the beam is effected by generators 30, 32 synchronized in normal manner by the received sync pulses. In an alternative arrangement, the signal pulse output is derived from a photoelectric cell placed in the side wall of the C.R. tube and sensitive to non-visible light emitted by the signal targets 44, Fig. 2. In a modified circuit, Fig. 1 (not shown), the oscillator 100 and phase detector 106 are omitted, and the output from the amplifier 72 is fed to a phase modulator controlled by the output of the discriminator, and arranged to adjust the phase of the amplifier output and to feed it to the three-phase-splitter 64. The phase modulator may comprise a tuned circuit shunted by a reactance tube controlled by the discriminator output; or when larger phase shifts are required, the phase modulation may be effected by varying the transit time of an electron beam, as in U.S.A. Specification 2,372,210.