Patent ES-347164-A1 (ES)
Title: Methods of deep drawing solid plastic material
IPC: B21D22/20
Filed: 1967-11-03
Abstract: A method of forming an article, e.g. a microwave transmitting horn, Fig. 1 (not shown), from a blank of a material the ductility of which can be increased by hydrostatic pressure, e.g. copper or titanium, comprises producing a hydrostatic pressure condition in the blank by applying a force to its edge while confining the blank so as to provide reactive forces therein resulting from the edge force and by applying another force to the blank in opposition to the edge force, and deep drawing the blank through a die-opening the width of the unobstructed part of which is smaller than the thickness of the blank. One form of apparatus for performing the method comprises a hold-down 22, Fig. 4, an edge-squeezing die 24 and a drawing die 26, each of expansible-iris construction for opening in a split holder 30 as the blank 20 is drawn by a punch 28. Segments 36, Fig. 3, of the hold-down are biased to the closed position by spring-pressed pins 43 and have interengaging edges 41, 42, Fig. 3A. Similar segments of the edge-squeezing die 24 are controlled by double-acting fluid pressure cylinders 58, while the segments of the drawing die are biased inwardly by spring-pressed pins 71, or are controlled by fluid pressure, as in the apparatus of Fig. 9. The punch 28 is controlled by a double-acting cylinder 83, and the die 24 may have rounded corners (202), Fig. 11 (not shown), which may be secured to the segments by dovetailing. Operation.-After positioning a blank, the casing 30 is closed and secured by corner bolts. Pressure fluid is now admitted to close the edge-squeezing die 24 and simultaneously, or in pre-determined time sequence, the punch 28 is lowered to draw the blank through the die 26. The end of the article formed may subsequently be removed by punching. Back pressure and/or top pressure may be employed as in the following apparatus. In a modification, Fig. 8, fluid-pressure chambers 95, 96 are provided for supplying back and top pressure to the blank. The lower chamber 95 may be only partially filled with fluid, or may have a relief valve and a sump 98. The drawing die may be biased by springs or controlled by fluid press, as in the following construction. In another construction, Fig. 9, the edge-squeezing die 120 is operated by fluid pressure in a chamber 192 surrounding the die, and the drawing die is controlled by doubleacting cylinders 175 which expand the die as the punch descends but maintain the appropriate drawing gap. Soft solids or viscous fluids may be used in the chamber 192. To accommodate the step on the punch, the punch is stopped briefly while the drawing die is further expanded. With the punch descending, additional fluid supplied to the cylinder-space 182 can increase the wall-thickness of the drawn article, Fig. 12 (not shown). The apparatus may include upper and lower fluid chambers, as in Fig. 8, for top and/or bottom fluid pressure. Instead of securing the split casings 30, 130 by bolts, the upper half may be mounted on the ram of a press which could also operate the punch. Fixed dies may be used with a punch having parallel sides to produce a uniform article, or with a tapered punch if a varying wall-thickness is required.