Patent GB-457031-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of shaped structures from cellulose derivatives
IPC: C08B11/20
Filed: 1935-02-14
Abstract: Solutions of alkali-soluble oxy-organo compounds of cellulose, shaped by themselves or on a pliable or rigid support, are coagulated by means of water, or by means of water containing an acid or salt which is capable of coagulating viscose but which is present in such small proportion that the bath will not coagulate a normal viscose solution.  Suitable alkali-soluble oxy-organo compounds of cellulose are simple and mixed alkyl ethers, hydroxy-alkyl ethers, hydroxy-acid ethers, ethers obtained by means of halogen olefines, mono-esters of dicarboxylic acids, acetate diglycollate, acetate propionate diglycollate, acetate thiodiglycollate, acetate thiodilactate, ether-esters, and esters of inorganic acids.  Cellulose oxy-organo compounds which are incompletely soluble or insoluble in caustic alkali solution at room temperature, may be made completely soluble by cooling the mixture of the cellulose compound and caustic alkali to a low temperature and thereafter bringing the solution back to room temperature as described in Specification 212,864, [Class 2 (ii)]. An advantage of the process is the ease of recovery of caustic alkali from the coagulating bath.  The temperature of the coagulating bath may be anything from about 5 DEG  C., up to the boiling point. The coagulated structure may be dried directly, or washed with water and dried, or washed with water and then conducted through a bath containing an acid and/or a salt which is capable of coagulating viscose.  In an example, linters or wood pulp are steeped in caustic soda, pressed, comminuted, and treated with ethylene chlorhydrin, glycerol a -monochlorhydrin, dimethyl or di-ethyl sulphate, monochloracetic acid, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or glycide. The product is dissolved to form a solution containing 6--8 per cent of the cellulose ether and 6--10 per cent of caustic soda.  (1) The solution is spread on a glass plate and introduced into one of the following baths--(a) water, (b) 0,5 per cent of sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, (c) 0,2 per cent of sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, (d) 0,03--0,1 per cent of sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, (e) 1 per cent of sodium sulphate, (f) 1 per cent of sodium sulphate and 0,03--0,1 per cent of sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, (g) 1 per cent of sodium bisulphate, or (h) any of the above baths to which is added 1--10 per cent of glucose, glycerine, methanol, ethanol soap, or turkey red oil.  (2) and (3) The solution is spread on to a drum or band, part of which is immersed in any of the baths (a)--(h).  (4) (5) and (6) The film produced by (1)--(3) is, with or without washing immersed in a bath which will coagulate viscose, several of which are specified.  (7) The film produced by (1) or (2) is dried directly. (8) The solution is spun into a funnel through which runs one of the baths (a)--(h), and then through a bath which will coagulate viscose several of which are specified.  (9) and (10) A woven fabric is provided with one or more coatings of the solution to which may be added starch, dextrin, fillers or softening agents, and introduced into one of the baths (a)--(h).  (11), (12), and (13) The coated fabric, with or without first washing is treated with a bath which will coagulate viscose, a number being specified.  (14) and (15) There is distributed in the cellulose solution used in (9)--(13) a gas such as air, hydrogen, or nitrogen.  (16) The solution is mixed with a dyestuff or pigment, and printed on a cotton fabric which is then immersed in a bath (a)--(h) and subsequently in a bath as in (11)--(13).  (17) Two or more sheets of paper, card, or fabric are pasted together with the solution, entered into a bath (a)--(h), and aftertreated as in (11)--(13).  (18) Concentrated solutions or pastes of the said cellulose compounds are shaped into thick plates which are coagulated in a bath (a)--(h) and aftertreated in a bath as in (11)--(13).  Other examples describe various methods of producing alkali-soluble oxy-organo compounds of cellulose which are subsequently treated as above.  The process is applicable to the manufacture of artificial threads, hair, straw, film, bands, strips, and for coating, impregnating, dressing, sizing, and printing fabrics.  Specifications 25246/11, [Class 2 (iii)], 177,810, 200,816, 200,834, 203,346, 203,347, 231,807, 231,808, 231,809, 231,810, 231,811, 281,352, 312,197, 319,293, 323,731, 323,732, [all in Class 2 (ii)], 341,899, 356,776, 374,964, 390,517, and 408,950 also are referred to.