baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent DE-69934716-T2 (DE)
Inventor: KIUCHI YUKIHIRO
IPC: C08L63/00
Filed: 1999-10-20
Granted: 2007-10-25
Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an epoxy resin composition which can be used as a semiconductor encapsulating resin and in which the improvement of flame retardancy can be attained by suitablyadapting a crosslinked structure itself of a cured article of the above composition without using any flame retardant material and without particularly highly filling an inorganic filler. The present invention provides an epoxy resin composition comprising an epoxy resin (A), a phenolic resin (B), an inorganic filler (C) and a curing accelerator (D), wherein a flexural modulus E (kgf/mm 2 ) at 240 ± 20°C of a cured article obtained by curing the composition is a value satisfying 0.015W + 4.1 ¤ E ¤ 0.27W + 21.8 in the case of 30 ¤ W < 60, or a value satisfying 0.30W - 13 ¤ E ¤ 3.7W - 184 in the case of 60 ¤ W ¤ 95 wherein W (wt%) is a content of the inorganic filler (C) in the cured article. The cured article of this composition forms a foamed layer during thermal decomposition or at ignition to exert flame retardancy.
Patent DE-69935670-T2 (DE)
Inventor: BROTCHIE JONATHAN
IPC: A61K31/415
Filed: 1999-07-16
Granted: 2008-01-31
Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds which inhibit selectively mu opioid receptor activity, or activation, for the treatment of dyskinesia (which, for example, may arise as a side effect of L-DOPA therapy). The compounds used are preferably mu opioid receptor antagonists such as cyprodime.
Patent DE-69937113-T2 (DE)
Inventor: SASSAMAN FRANK L
IPC: C02F1/52
Filed: 1999-07-09
Granted: 2008-03-06
Abstract: A novel process and apparatus are disclosed for cleaning wastewater containing metal ions in solution, hydrogen peroxide, and high solids, e.g., greater than about 50 mg/l particulate solids. A carbon adsorption column removes hydrogen peroxide in the wastewater feed containing high solids. A chemical precipitation unit removes the metal ions from solution. The process and apparatus remove metal ions such as copper from a high solids byproduct polishing slurry from the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of integrated circuit microchips to form an environmentally clean wastewater discharge.
Patent HU-E031092-T2 (HU)
Title: Controlled release preparations
Inventor: HASSAN EMADELDIN M
IPC: A61K9/48
Filed: 2004-07-14
Abstract: The invention provides a controlled release soft capsule having a shell and a matrix fill comprising an active ingredient or drug, wherein the matrix fill comprises two phases in the form of an emulsion.
Patent SI-2351852-T2 (SI)
Title: RNA interference mediating small RNA molecules
Inventor: TUSCHL THOMAS
IPC: C12N15/00
Filed: 2001-11-29
Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAi. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3' ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.
Patent SI-1369330-T2 (SI)
Title: Maintenance vehicle
Inventor: HECHENBERGER PETER
IPC: B61D15/00
Filed: 2003-05-21
Abstract: Maintenance vehicle (1) comprises two parallel truss girders (5) supported at their ends on rail vehicles (2) to form a bottomless wagon (6). The wagon has a number of roof trusses (7) supporting a tarpaulin (9) to produce a working space (10) defined in an axial longitudinal direction by the two truss girders and in the vertical direction by the roof trusses. Preferred Features: The two truss girders are movably positioned relative to each other in the axial longitudinal direction by a drive (11) to increase the working space.
Patent TR-200001282-T2 (TR)
Title: Mikron-altı 9-hidroksirisperidon yağlı asit esterlerinin sulu süspansiyonları.
Inventor: FRANCOIS MARC KAREL JOZEF
IPC: A61K9/14
Filed: 1998-11-10
Abstract: Bu bulus, kas içi ya da deri altindan enjeksiyon yoluyla tatbikat için bir depo formülasyonu olarak müsait bir farmasötik bilesime ilisindir, bu bilesim (1) mi,kron-alti biçimde, aktif madde olarak bir 9-hidroksi-risperidon yagli asit esteri ya da bir tuzu ya da bir stereoizmeri ya da bir stereoizomerik karisimini; ve (2) bir farmasötik açidan kabul edilebilir tasiyici maddeyi içermektedir, bu madde sudur ve aktif madde su içinde süspansiyona alinmaktadir; ve bulus, bu bilesimin hazirlanmasi için isleme dairdir. Bulus, bundan baska, psikoz, sizofreni, sizoafektif düzensizlikler, sizofrenik olmayan psikozlar,nörodejeneratif düzensizlikler ile, örnegin dementi ya da ortaya çikan davranis bozukluklari, metal gelisme gecikmesi ve otizmdeki davranis bozukluklari, Tourette sendromu, bipolar manya, depresyon, anksiyetenin tedavi edilmesi için tibbi madde olarak kullanmak için bu gibi bir farmasötik bilesime dairdir.
Patent TR-200001283-T2 (TR)
Title: Doğrudan olarak arıtılmış demir, sıvı pik demir ve çelik üretmeye mahsus yöntem
Inventor: SCHREY GUNTER
IPC: C22B1/248
Filed: 1998-10-26
Abstract: Bulus, dogrudan olarak aritilmis demir, sivi pik demir ve çelik üretmeye mahsus bir yönteme, ki bunun içinde, tercihan, toprak ve/veya küçük topak biçimi olmak üzere, demir cevherinden biçimlendirilmis olan yükleme maddeleri, ve, eger uygun ise, ilaveler, demir süngerini meydana getirmek üzere, bir birinci düsürme bölgesi içinde, dogrudan olarak aritilmaktadirlar, demir süngeri, sivi süngeri, sivi pik demiri meydana getirmek üzere, karbon tasiyicilar ve oksijen-ihtiva eden gaz ile ikmal edilen eritici bir gaz haline getirici bölge içinde eritilmektedir ve bir aritma gazi yaratmaktadir, ki bu gaz, serbest-gaz temizlenmesinden sonra, burada dönüstürüldügü ve yüksek firin gazi olarak baska tarafa çekildigi, birinci aritma içerisine zerk edilmektedir, ve ki bu yöntem içinde, yüksek firin gazi serbest-gaz temizlenmesine tabi tutulmaktadir.
Patent TR-200101272-T2 (TR)
Title: Gaz halindeki akrilonitril ve hidrojen siyanür ürünü akımının bastırılmasına yönelik metot
Inventor: HUNT CHARLES R
IPC: C07C253/34
Filed: 1999-09-28
Abstract: Bu bulius, bir hidrokarbonun buhar fazli amoksidasyonu suretiyle akrilonitrilin üretilmesine yönelik bir proseste ve düzende bir gelismeyi ortaya koyar. Bu bulus,tersine istikametli jetli bir temizleme/yikama düzeninde gaz halindeki ürün akiminin bir bastirma islemi akiskan maddesi ile kontakt durumuna getirilmesini içerir. Bastirma islemi akiskan maddesi ters akim prensibi ile gaz akimina enjekte edilir, ve gazin hizi da suyun akis istikametini tersine çevirmeye yeterli olur, ve dolayisiyle de duran bir dalga veya köpüklü bir zon meydana getirilir ve burada da bastirma islemi süratle gerçeklestirilir.
Patent TR-200103324-T2 (TR)
Title: Deterjan bileşimleri.
Inventor: ASPEREN ANJA LEONARDA M VAN
IPC: C11D3/386
Filed: 2000-05-15
Abstract: Çamasir yikanmasi için kullanilan bir deterjan tableti, deterjan aktif bilesigi, deterjan etkinligini arttirici madde, kaplanmis sodyum perkarbonat ve en azindan bir agartma aktivatörü içeren bir agartici sistemi ve seçime bagli olarak diger deterjan terkip maddelerini içeren taneciklerden olusan bir bilesimden sikistirilmak suretiyle hazirlanir; bu tablet, çok sayida farkli bölgeyi içerir ve agartma aktivatörü ve kapli sodyum perkarbonat, tabletin farkli bölgelerinde konsantre halde bulunur. Aktivatörün ve perkarbonatin bu sekilde ayrilmasi, agartma aktivatörünün dengesini arttirir.
Patent TR-200103811-T2 (TR)
Inventor: MACHNIK ASTRID MAULER
IPC: A01N43/54
Filed: 1999-11-08
Abstract: Novel active compound combinations of compounds of the formula (I)  in which Z, X and A are each as defined in the description with known active compounds and their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi are described.
Patent TR-200400936-T2 (TR)
Title: Aşırı büyük açıklıklar için ızgara biçimli düz alt yüzeyli, çift ön gerilimli, çatı-tavan konstrüksiyonu
Inventor: SKENDZIC MILOVAN
IPC: E04B5/00
Filed: 2002-11-20
Abstract: Asiri büyük açikliklar için, izgara biçimli düz alt yüzeyli çift öngerilmis çati-tavan konstrüskiyonu, asiri genis boslugu bulunan binalarin çatilarina düz alt yüzey ile monte edilme amacina yönelik olarak önceden imal edilen bir elemandir. Konstrüksiyon yukari ana kirisi (2) yanal bükülmeye karsi dengeleyen ince çelik boruçubuklari (3) ile birlestirilmis olan izgara alt yüz konstrüksiyonunu (1) ve biraz degistirilmis bir "T" sekli ya da ters bir "V" sekli kesiti olan yukari beton ana kirisi (2) içerir. Yatay izgaranin (1) elemanlari içindeki bos açikliklar plakalarla (6) doldurulur ve bu sekilde düz bir alt yüzey elde edilir. Konstrüksiyona çift ön gerilim ile ön gerilim uygulanir. Izgara alt yüzeye (1) merkezi olarak ön gerilim uygulanir ve yukari izgara (2) orta noktadaki kama (5) ile ön gerilime tabi tutulur.
Patent TR-200502061-T2 (TR)
Title: IL-18 inhibitörlerinin kullanımı.
Inventor: CHVATCHKO YOLANDE
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2001-02-20
Abstract: Bulus, enflamatuar bagirsak hastaliklarinin, özellikle Crohn hastaligi ve ulseratif kolitin tedavi ve/veya önlenmesi için bir ilacin hazirlanmasinda IL-18'e sahip inhibitörlerin kullanimi  ile ilgilidir.
Patent DE-602004000871-T2 (DE)
Inventor: PAPILLON PHILIPPE
IPC: F24D19/10
Filed: 2004-02-24
Granted: 2006-11-30
Abstract: The equipment has a circulator (S1) to enable heating of fluid by solar sensor. A control circuit operates the circulator during nocturnal cooling phase if a temperature of the fluid in the container exceeds a predetermined temperature limit at a preset time for cooling the fluid using solar sensor as heat sink. The fluid is agitated by a circulator (S2) arranged in a circulation circuit communicating with the container. An independent claim is also included for an equipment control process.
Patent DE-602004006633-T2 (DE)
Inventor: RIOS CASTANEDA LUIS
IPC: A61P9/10
Filed: 2004-03-16
Granted: 2008-01-31
Abstract: The invention herein, has as objective demonstrating the use of dapsone as the first efficient in the treatment against the disabling consequences associated with brain stroke in these patients. Dapsone was evaluated as a nouroprotector, in the model of brain stroke produced by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats and in patients suffering from an acute brain stroke by thrombo-embolism. In both studies, dapsone shown a reduction of 70 and 90% of the disabling consequences after ischemic stroke.
Patent DE-602004007243-T2 (DE)
Inventor: LIPSCOMB STEVEN ROY
IPC: A63F3/08
Filed: 2004-01-23
Granted: 2008-03-20
Abstract: A method for exhibiting a card game, such as a poker game, in which graphic and text data is superimposed on continuous video images of the game in progress to inform the video viewing audience of each player's cards and each player's bets. In this manner, the video viewers can get the feel of the game from each player's perspective while viewing the game at the same time. The graphic and text data is superimposed on the video image in the form of pop-up boxes which can be selectively displayed in an unobstructive manner.
Patent DE-602004009956-T2 (DE)
Inventor: KRIMMEL HEINZ GEORG
IPC: H04B10/071
Filed: 2004-12-21
Granted: 2008-09-04
Abstract: This invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one section (50) of an optical fiber link (15,16), preferably a distribution section behind a passive distribution node (10-13), of a passive Optical Network, and a passive Optical Network being designed to perform the steps of the method. The method is comprising the steps of:  sending a first optical monitoring signal (40) through said section at a first signal sending time by sending means (81,34) of a first transceiver device (30,1-9) of the passive Optical Network,  sending at least a second optical monitoring signal (41-45) through said section at a second signal sending time by sending means (81,34) of a second transceiver device (30,1-9) of the passive Optical Network,  
wherein the sending times of said optical monitoring signals (40-45), preferably Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Signals, are co-ordinated in such a way that the optical monitoring signals (40-45) are superimposed while travelling through said section, building a measuring signal (52), and  detecting and analysing characteristics of at least parts of said measuring signal (52) preferably by at least one of the optical monitoring signal sending transceiver devices (1-9).
Patent DE-602004012333-T2 (DE)
Inventor: VEZZANI PAOLO
IPC: B65B9/20
Filed: 2004-06-04
Granted: 2009-03-26
Abstract: A machine for packing small-sized products inside flat-bottomed bags comprises a pair of heat sealing pincers (11, 12) fitted with a cutting blade (18) and that can be commanded to carry out a substantially D path in which, starting from a raised and shifted position, the pincers (11, 12) are transversally brought closer and engaged together to execute parallel horizontal lines of heat sealing of opposite flaps of a tubular wrapping (2) commanded to descend vertically. The pincers (11, 12) are then moved vertically, while still in a near and mutually engaged position, for a section of the descent path of said tubular wrapping (2) to carry out a double transversal sealing and an intermediate cutting of the tubular wrapping (2). Finally the pincers (11, 12) are brought back to said raised and shifted position. In order to enable flat-bottomed bags to be produced the machine also comprises two pairs of lances (37, 38) which, moving towards each other in a direction perpendicular to said descent path of the tubular wrapping (2) and to the path bringing the heat sealing pincers (11, 12) closer to each other in synchronism with the movement of said heat sealing pincers (11, 12), cause the formation of side pockets inside said wrapping (2) just above and below said sealing lines.
Patent DE-69024464-T3 (DE)
Inventor: MAREGA ANTONELLO
IPC: A43B5/04
Filed: 1990-10-30
Granted: 2001-03-01
Abstract: In an inner lining shoe (10) for ski-boots an integral or one piece tongue assembly (12) consists of a tongue (14) connected to a fore part of upper (16),said fore part of upper (16) being joined to a rear portion of upper (20) by means like sewings (34,36) and to a sole (24) by joining its lower peripheral edge (38) to a peripheral edge (40) of said sole.
Patent DE-69811061-T3 (DE)
Inventor: DECOSTER SANDRINE
IPC: A61Q5/12
Filed: 1998-04-02
Granted: 2008-04-10
Abstract: Novel cosmetic compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one silicone and at least one polymer containing units of the diallyldimethylammonium type of low weight-average molecular mass, for example, 5000<M<20,000.
Patent DK-1087171-T3 (DK)
Inventor: RASMUSSEN JAN
IPC: B29D23/00
Filed: 2000-08-21
Granted: 2004-07-26
Abstract: Electric welding sleeve (1) of thermoplastic material for connecting thermoplastic pipe sections (4, 4') comprising a tubular sleeve (1) with heat-contracting properties and at least one electric resistance-heating element (2), which is designed so as to follow the radial contraction of the sleeve (1) without yielding an essential resistance to this and is firmly connected to the inner side of the sleeve (1) and extends primarily circumferentially along the inner surface of the sleeve (1). By so doing, it is achieved that the connection between the thermoplastic pipe sections (4, 4') is provided in a simple manner and the welding sleeve can be delivered as an aggregate unit and preferably be mounted without the use of clamping tools around the sleeve. <IMAGE>
Patent DK-1165295-T3 (DK)
Inventor: WEBER GUENTHER
IPC: B26D7/18
Filed: 2000-03-21
Granted: 2003-02-17
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device that allows portions of similar slices to be obtained even if the product that is sliced is changed. To this end, the slice surface is monitored. Incomplete portions are transferred to a park position subject to the slice surface monitoring. The incomplete portions are transported in a positionally accurate manner from the park position back to the collecting zone if the slice surface monitoring element detects that slices are available that match the portion.
Patent DK-1190221-T3 (DK)
Inventor: WRAY TROY
IPC: G01F1/84
Filed: 2000-05-22
Granted: 2004-07-19
Abstract: In a vibrating tube meter such as a Coriolis meter, an accurate measurement of a fluid parameter such as density can be obtained, substantially independent of stress, by measuring vibrational characteristics, particular resonant frequencies of two different vibrational modes. Stress or other variables can be determined from the measurement. Because the measurement of or compensation for stress is based directly on the vibrational characteristics, better accuracy may be obtained than by using a conventional strain gauge to measure stress. The techniques disclosed can give accurate results without requiring particular constraints on meter design.
Patent DK-1200158-T3 (DK)
Inventor: SCHWETLICK WOLFGANG
IPC: A62D3/00
Filed: 2000-08-02
Granted: 2003-05-19
Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture and a process for the treatment of waste materials and the use of the mixture for the treatment of waste materials and waste material treated therewith. The mixture comprises (A) at least one zinc salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (B) at least one calcium salt of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, (C) at least one hydrophobing agent, (D) at least one amino alcohol and (E) NH<SUB>3</SUB>.
Patent DK-1210532-T3 (DK)
Inventor: MORROW WILLIAM BRUCE
IPC: F16H57/033
Filed: 2000-08-10
Granted: 2009-03-09
Abstract: A planetary gear transmission has two or more planetary gear sets (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) in the gear train. Each planetary gear set comprises a sun gear (1) mounted on a sun shaft (5) with the sun gear (1) engaging a plurality of planet gears (2) mounted on a planet carrier (4) with the plurality of planet gears (2) engaging a ring gear (3) mounted on the transmission housing (7). Each gear of the planetary gear transmission is a helical cut gear. Sun gears (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) and or ring gears (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) are mounted for axial movement with respect to the transmission. Thrust imbalances on the sun gears (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) and or ring gears (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) resulting from uneven loading and the helical cut result in sun gears (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) and or ring gears (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) moving in the axial direction to eliminate the thrust imbalances and thereby resulting in equal loading or power sharing amongst the planetary gear sets (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d).
Patent DK-1345637-T3 (DK)
Inventor: NYGREN HAKAN
IPC: A61L27/06
Filed: 2001-12-21
Granted: 2011-06-27
Abstract: The application describes an implant intended for incorporation in bone and soft tissue and comprising a metal or a semiconductor and a layer of a metal oxide or a semiconductor oxide on the surface of the metal/semiconductor/metal oxide or semiconductor/semiconductor oxide, where the oxide layer is hydrophobic and has pores. The application also describes a method for treating the surface of an implant according to the above.
Patent DK-1295732-T3 (DK)
Inventor: GANTER CHRISTIAN
IPC: B42C19/08
Filed: 2001-09-20
Granted: 2008-07-14
Abstract: The conveyor (1) consists of equidistant tensioning elements (3) fixed to traction pieces (2). The tensioning elements form a conveyor section and face each other along a section of the traction pieces. The tensioning elements have a support (4) fixed to the traction piece and joined to the flexibly supported clamping-plate (5) across the direction in which the inner book (20) is conveyed. The support goes through cavities (7) in the clamping plate.
Patent DK-1315488-T3 (DK)
Inventor: NISHIOKA HIROYASU
IPC: A61P1/00
Filed: 2001-05-10
Granted: 2007-02-12
Abstract: Remedies effective for the improvement of colonic motor dysfunction such as irritable bowel syndrome, constipation or intestinal atony without causing side effects on the central nerve system. These colonic motor dysfunction remedies comprise, as active ingredients, aminothiazole derivatives represented by the following formula (I) or a salt or hydrate thereof:  wherein R1, R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, amino, nitro or cyano group, R4 and R5 may be the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and n stands for an integer of from 2 to 4.
Patent DK-1282702-T3 (DK)
Inventor: TARTAGLIA JIM
IPC: A61K48/00
Filed: 2001-05-07
Granted: 2007-04-02
Abstract: The invention discloses immunogenic polypeptides comprising several MAGE-specific antigen epitopes selected from different (i.e. discrete) members of the MAGE protein family, nucleic acids coding therefor, recombinant viruses and/or cells comprising said nucleic acids, and compositions thereof. Methods for eliciting or inducing MAGE-specific immune responses utilizing the aforementioned immunogenic agents are also disclosed.
Patent DK-1337755-T3 (DK)
Inventor: WOBBEN ALOYS
IPC: F03D3/04
Filed: 2001-09-08
Granted: 2005-12-05
Abstract: The present invention concerns a wind power installation having a rotor with at least one blade and an adjusting device for the rotor blade. An adjusting device with more than one drive for one rotor blade is provided. By virtue of that arrangement each drive only has to furnish a corresponding fraction of the power output, it can be of a correspondingly smaller design configuration, and it imposes a correspondingly lower loading on the subsequent components.
Patent DK-1339658-T3 (DK)
Inventor: BOHNER GERD
IPC: C07C11/167
Filed: 2001-11-15
Granted: 2007-12-27
Abstract: A process for obtaining pure 1,3-butadiene from crude 1,3-butadiene by distillation is carried out in a dividing wall column in which a dividing wall is located in the longitudinal direction of the column to form an upper common column region, a lower common column region, a feed section and an offtake section.
Patent DK-1251125-T3 (DK)
Inventor: POMMIER JACQUES
IPC: A61P33/00
Filed: 1996-06-21
Granted: 2006-04-18
Abstract: Camptothecin analogues where the camptothecin hydroxy lactone is: (i) a  beta -hydroxy lactone; or (ii) the corresp.  beta -hydroxy acid resulting from ring-opening of the aforementioned lactone; or a (iii) deriv. of the  beta -hydroxy acid in (ii) or its one of its salts. Also claimed are new industrial prods. of formula (M) and (A). R1 = lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, halo(lower alkyl), lower alkoxy(lower alkyl) or lower alkylthio(lower alkyl); R20 = H or halo; R22 = F, Cl, or lower alkoxy; R23 = prim. hydroxy-protecting gp.; and R18, R19 = H, halo, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or OH.
Patent DK-1390674-T3 (DK)
Inventor: MATHEWS THOMAS J
IPC: G06Q10/08
Filed: 2002-04-29
Granted: 2007-02-26
Abstract: A method includes calculating an energy consumption model for at least one component of a building system, accessing actual weather data, applying the actual weather data to the energy consumption model, and determining an expected energy consumption value for the at least one component of the building system based on the applying.
Patent DK-1446210-T3 (DK)
Inventor: HEROLD MICHAEL MANFRED
IPC: B01D11/02
Filed: 2002-11-11
Granted: 2007-06-04
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isolating constituents from organic material, comprising the following process steps: a) freeze-drying of the organic material; b) extracting the constituents with a polar solvent or solvent mixture (A) and an organic solvent or solvent mixture (B), it being possible for the extracts of the extraction with (A) and (B) to form one phase; c) combining the extracts (A) and (B) to give one phase; and d) carrying out an esterification/transesterification in the unpolar phase with an alcohol, the esterification/transesterification being carried out in the presence of a volatile acid; the process being a high-throughput process.