baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1081869-A (CN)
Inventor: CHANGQI XU
IPC: A47C21/04
Filed: 1993-05-13
Abstract: 一种敞开式医用低温床，由槽形的床体和装在其
内与制冷机组连接的蒸发器、电风扇、加热元件、排风
道、回风道等组成，形成与外界气温相对隔离的冷风
幕且敞开可直视的低温区，用于对需采用低温手段治
疗的病人进行降温，消除了常用的物理降温方法产生
病水流淌，弄湿病人衣、被的现象和难以控温的弊
病。该发明实用、安全、操作方便，具有让医护人员直
接观察病人和不影响采用其他医疗措施的优点。
Patent CN-1120921-A (CN)
Title: 清洁用片材
Inventor: SHIZUNO SATOHITO
IPC: D04H1/492
Filed: 1994-12-27
Abstract: 一种清洁用片材，其包括网眼织物片和由纤维网中的纤维缠结形成的并位于网眼织物片至少一个面上的非织造纤维集聚体。非织造纤维集聚体中的纤维还进一步与网眼织物片缠结形成一体。该清洁用片材断裂强度是500g/30mm或更大，在载荷500g/30mm下伸长10％或更低。纤维集聚体的缠结系数为10至500m。缠结系数是用在垂直于纤聚集体中的纤维取向方向上所测得的应力-应变曲线的起始斜率来表示的。
Patent CN-1124384-A (CN)
Title: 计算机化多媒体显微图像采集、传输和显示装置
Inventor: SHIFU FAN
IPC: G02B21/00
Filed: 1995-06-15
Abstract: 本发明公开了一种显微图像的采集、传输、显示装置，该装置在不破坏显微镜结构的基础上，通过对光电转换技术、多媒体技术、计算机技术的综合利用，不仅显著提高了显微图像的观测、显示效果，而且可以对显微图像实行远距离传输调整。可广泛应用在与显微图像分析有关的教学、科研和生产场合。
Patent CN-1139425-A (CN)
Inventor: SCHEIBEL JEFFREY JOHN
IPC: C11D1/66
Filed: 1995-01-20
Abstract: 具有下式(I)的新的双多羟基脂肪酸酰胺化合物，其中X是一种桥连基团，它有2-200个原子；Z和Z 1 是相同或不同的含醇部分，其具有两个或多个羟基，或者Z或Z 1 中之一是氢；R和R 1 是相同或不同的烃基部分，其具有1到21个碳原子，可以是饱和的、支链的或未饱和的及其混合物。包括这些化合物的洗衣用、清洗用、织物和个人护理用组合物。
Patent CN-1166219-A (CN)
Inventor: CHAPMAN BRAYAN P
IPC: G09B15/00
Filed: 1995-08-25
Abstract: 一种个体鉴别的方法，包括：保存一个个体外表和/或情形的特别鉴别数据的数据库；提供独特的描述给每个人，使得能够在数据库中存取个体鉴别数据；以及，提供鉴别方法(10)，适用于个体运行并载有独特描述。
Patent CN-1136037-A (CN)
Title: 2，6-二溴-4-羧甲磺酰基苯胺及其合成方法
Inventor: XIN PAN
IPC: C07C317/44
Filed: 1996-03-01
Abstract: 本发明提出了2，6-二溴-4-羧甲磺酰基苯胺及其合成方法。将4-羧甲磺酰基乙酰苯胺在酸催化下进行水解反应，不需分离反应物，再用溴化剂溴-双氧水或氢溴酸-双氧水进行溴化反应，得到生成物。经分离、水洗、干燥，产品收率可达91～98％。
Patent CN-1177293-A (CN)
Inventor: ABDEM-MEQUID S S
IPC: C07C311/16
Filed: 1996-10-30
Abstract: 鉴定了一种新的组织蛋白酶K结晶结构。也公开了鉴定该蛋白酶抑制剂的方法和使用具有特定结构、物理和立体特征的抑制剂来抑制组织蛋白酶K的方法。
Patent CN-1219586-A (CN)
Inventor: GUO SANDUI
IPC: A01H5/00
Filed: 1998-07-20
Abstract: 本发明提供了全合成的编码苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白质的基因序列以及经过修饰的编码豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的基因序列;包含所说两种基因序列的双价融合植物表达载体;这种载体导入植物后,可产生对昆虫表现有高抗虫性的转基因植物及其后代和种子,且昆虫不易对含有这两种杀虫蛋白质的转基因植物产生抗性,因而转基因植物应用生产后具有抗虫时效长的使用特点。本发明特别提供了可同时表达以上两种杀虫蛋白质的双价抗虫棉。
Patent CN-1246977-A (CN)
Title: 一种用于旋转电机定子内的装置
Inventor: LEIJON MATS
IPC: H02K1/16
Filed: 1998-02-02
Abstract: 在一种用于增强旋转电机的定子的刚度和提高其固有频率的装置中,定子上设有位于定子槽(2)之间的定子齿,定子槽容纳绕组(12),定子齿(4、6)的自由端位于定子和转子之间的气隙处,至少具有一个与相邻的定子齿形成一片的卡圈,且该卡圈跨过每一个定子槽以将定子齿在切线方向上机械固定。
Patent CN-1238652-A (CN)
Inventor: TANIGUCHI KEIICHI
IPC: H04W88/02
Filed: 1999-02-19
Abstract: 一种电平检测器81检测和计算发送的音频信号的直流分量的功率值A1。减法器82计算发送功率值A1和写入存储器14的参考功率值A0之间的差，以便获得被暂时存储在存储器部分11中的放大量A2。当在下一个定时接收的音频信号通过音频处理部分5输入到信号比较部分8的放大器83时，从存储器部分11读出的接收的音频信号的放大量被读出来，可变地控制放大器83的增益，因此放大接收的音频信号A2倍。从而，接收的音频信号可以按照发送的音量可变地进行调整。
Patent CN-1237000-A (CN)
Inventor: AKI ITO
IPC: G01J5/34
Filed: 1999-05-21
Abstract: 本发明提供了一种红外传感器,包含:管座;安装在管座的一侧上的热电元件;转换电路,用于将热电元件中产生的电荷转换为信号;和多个引线端子,它们延伸到管座的另一侧延伸,并电气连接到转换电路,通过堵塞将引线端子固定到管座上。
Patent CN-1319290-A (CN)
Inventor: BILDOS AHTO
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 1999-08-18
Abstract: 一种数字签名验证系统,建立一个临时字,并且把一个时间附加到该临时字上以建立一个唯一标识时间标记的时间标记临时字,然后把该时间标记临时字附加到一个文档上,把一个数字签名附加到该文档上,然后把一个时间附加到文档上以形成一个时间标记文档,从而临时字唯一地标识在文档上的签名。
Patent CR-20110270-A (CR)
Title: Piriloxi-indoles Inhibidores del VEGF-R2 y Uso de los Mismos para el Tratamiento de Enfermedades
Inventor: ARTMAN III GERALD DAVID
IPC: A61K31/404
Filed: 2011-05-23
Abstract: La invención se refiere a compuestos orgánicos novedosos de la fórmula (I): y a su uso en el tratamiento del cuerpo animal o humano, a las composiciones farmacéuticas que comprenden un compuesto de la fórmula I, y al uso de un compuesto de la fórmula I para la preparación de composiciones farmacéuticas para utilizarse en el tratamiento de enfermedades dependientes de la cinasa de proteína, en especial de enfermedades proliferativas, tal como en el tratamiento de enfermedades tumorales y enfermedades neovasculares oculares.
Patent CR-20110419-A (CR)
Title: Sistema de acoplamiento magnético y método para ajuste de largo plazo para un dispositivo implantable
Inventor: CARTLEDGE RICHARD G
IPC: A61F2/04
Filed: 2011-08-05
Abstract: Un dispositivo implantable para controlar la circunferencia de pasajes anatómicos internos corrige disfunciones fisiológicas resultantes de un lumen estructural que es o muy grande o muy pequeño.
Patent CR-20120580-A (CR)
Title: FACTOR VIIa CONJUGADO PARA COAGULACIÓN DE LA SANGRE
Inventor: HENRY WILLIAM
IPC: A61K38/36
Filed: 2012-11-14
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona un polímero biocompatible conjugado a FVIIa por medio de uno o más residuos de cisteína, adecuadamente por medio de un enlazador a través de un enlace disulfuro reducido en FVIIa, y composiciones farmacéuticas que comprenden esas formas conjugadas de FVIIa.
Patent CR-20170491-A (CR)
Title: Combinaciones herbicidas que comprenden glufosinato e indaziflam.
Inventor: GUER PETRA
IPC: A01P13/00
Filed: 2016-04-25
Abstract: La presente invención hace referencia en principio a combinaciones herbicidas específicas que comprenden (i) glufosinato y/o sus sales e (ii) indaziflam, y a composiciones que comprenden estas combinaciones herbicidas específicas. La presente invención además hace referencia a un método para producir estas combinaciones herbicidas específicas y composiciones que comprenden estas combinaciones herbicidas específicas.
Patent CR-20180138-A (CR)
Title: Piridinona dicaboxamidas para uso como inhibidores de bromodominio
Inventor: HARRISON LEE ANDREW
IPC: C07D401/12
Filed: 2016-08-31
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a compuestos de fórmula (I) y sales de los mismos, a composiciones farmacéuticas que contienen tales compuestos y a su uso en terapia
Patent CR-20210617-A (CR)
Title: Electrosurgical systems and methods
Inventor: BUSCHE MAUREEN D
IPC: A61B18/14
Filed: 2020-05-07
Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to controlling electrical power of an electrotherapeutic signal that is provided to a biological tissue engaged by an electrosurgical instrument during a medical procedure. Electrical power - a product of a voltage difference across and an electrical current conducted by the engaged biological tissue -- is controlled according to a therapeutic schedule. The electrotherapeutic schedule can be reduced or terminated in response to a termination criterion being met. In some examples, the termination criterion is a current characteristic, such as, for example, a decrease in current conducted by the engaged biological tissue. In some examples, the termination criterion is a biological tissue resistance characteristic, such as, for example, an increase in the biological tissue resistance that exceeds a predetermined delta resistance value.
Patent EC-SP003813-A (EC)
Title: Forma de estado solido de celecoxib con una mejora en la biodisponibilidad
Inventor: KARARLI TUGRUL
IPC: A61K31/41
Filed: 2000-12-05
Abstract: La droga celecoxib inhibitoria de ciclooxigenasa-2 selectiva se proporciona en forma amorfa. También se proporciona una sustancia de droga de celecoxib en donde el celecoxib está presente, en al menos una cantidad detectable, como celecoxib amorfo. También se proporciona un compuesto inhibidor celecoxib de cristalización que consiste de partículas de celecoxib amorfo o una sustancia de droga de celecoxib de la invención en asociación íntima con uno o más inhibidores de cristalización por ejemplo polímeros. También se proporciona una composición farmacéutica que consiste en un compuesto inhibidor de cristalización y en uno o más excipientes. También se proporciona procesos para preparar celecoxib amorfo, una sustancia de droga de celecoxib de la invención, un compuesto inhibidor de la cristalización de celecoxib de la invención, y una composición farmacéutica de la invención. También se proporciona un método para tratar una condición o desorden médico en un sujeto donde el tratamiento con inhibidor de ciclooxigensa-2 está indicado, que consiste en administrar, oralmente por ejemplo, una composición de la invención en una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva.
Patent EC-SP11010814-A (EC)
Title: Derivados de ciclohexil-amida y su uso como antagonistas de los receptores de crf-1
Inventor: BEATTLE DAVID
IPC: C07C233/79
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: Se describen derivados de ciclohexil-amida útiles como antagonistas de los receptores del factor de liberación de corticotropina (CRF-1).
Patent EC-SP920812-A (EC)
Inventor: STELTENKAMP ROBERT J
IPC: D06M16/00
Filed: 1992-02-18
Abstract: N-monosubstituted neoalkanamides of 11 to 14 carbon atoms wherein the substituent on the amide nitrogen is cyclic (aromatic or cycloaliphatic, such as aryl or cycloalkyl) and of at least five carbon atoms, have been discovered to be insect repellent, providing that any aromatic substituent is unsubstituted at the ortho position and that when the neoalkanoyl moiety is pivaloyl the total number of carbon atoms in the N-cyclic neoalkanamide is at least 12. Such neoalkanamides are useful as repellents against cockroaches, including American, German and Oriental cockroaches, and are also effective against mosquitoes (both Anopheles and Aedes), black flies and carpenter ants, and to some extent against deer ticks. They may be applied to areas, locations and items which are desirably to be kept free of such insects, with applications being direct or of solutions or emulsions thereof, preferably by spraying, or in detergent compositions or other products to be applied to such areas, etc. Because the described neoalkanamides are desirably substantive to surfaces and are usually in liquid state, they give long lasting repellency to such areas, etc., and tests have shown them to be sufficiently long lasting.
Patent EC-SP972168-A (EC)
Title: Envolvente de embalaje cerrado por unos papillotes y procedimiento de embalaje
Inventor: DAELMANS EDDY
IPC: B65D21/02
Filed: 1997-06-30
Abstract: La invención se refiere a un envolvente de embalaje constituido por una película destinada a ser cerrada por dos papillotes a uno y otro lado de un artículo a embalar y que presentan por el lado interior con respecto al artículo a embalar un recubrimiento sellado dispuesto según dos bandas transversales a uno y otro lado del artículo a embalar y que se extienden paralelamente a un eje que pasa por los dos papillotes. El procedimiento de embalaje consiste en sellar el embalaje a nivel de las bandas transversales.
Patent EC-SP982423-A (EC)
Title: Arilsulfonamidas y analogos
Inventor: KELDENICH JOERG
IPC: C07C311/00
Filed: 1998-02-20
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a nuevas arilétersulfonamidas y análogos, procedimientos para su producción y su uso para el tratamiento de enfermedades neuro degenerativas, especialmente para la profilaxis y el tratamiento de enfermedades neuro degenerativas, especialmente para el tratamiento de la apoplejía cerebral y traumatismo cráneo encefálico.
Patent EC-SP982716-A (EC)
Title: Malla tejida con trama modificada
Inventor: MASS NISSIM
IPC: D04B21/12
Filed: 1998-10-29
Abstract: Una malla tejida incluye cintas de poliolefina longitudinal y cintas de poliolefina lateral tejida para formar una malla tejida. Las cintas de poliolefina lateral de la malla tejida tienen un largo de trama real de mas del 110% del largo calculado de trama para la malla tejida. El largo real de trama en exceso del 110% del largo de trama calculado para la malla tejida evita el encogimiento transversal de la malla.
Patent FI-20126091-A (FI)
Inventor: HOENTORP JON ANDERS
IPC: A47C31/12
Filed: 2012-10-19
Abstract: The present invention relates to an adjustable bed inciuding a bed frame (1) and a bed base with an arrangement of slats resting on the bed frame (1) when the bed is in a fiat position, at least one profile frame (20, 21) located below the bed base, an adjustment mechanism which is connected with the at least one profile frame (20, 21), the adjustment mechanism being adapted to raise said at least one profile frame (20, 21) so that it will lift the bed base from the bed frame (1) and the at least one profile frame determining the profile of the bed base. Thebedframeincludesafirstframeelement(13) and a second frame element (14), the second frame element being mounted on a chassis (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and the first frame element being rotata ble connected to the second frame element. The bed bottom includes a number of slats (2) and resilient slat holders, each slat holder holding at least an end of a slat (2), the slat holders being slideable fastened to the bed frame (1).
Patent GB-1047193-A (GB)
IPC: G08B17/12
Abstract: 1,047,193. Transistor amplifier circuits. FENWAL Inc. March 26, 1964 [April 17, 1963], No. 13010/64. Heading H3T. [Also in Division G1] An amplifier for use in a silicon-cell flamedetector is arranged to have an input impedance of the order of half an ohm and is tuned to pass flame flicker frequency signals (4 to 20 c.p.s.). Fig. 1 shows silicon cell 10 coupled through transformer 14 to transistor 20, the secondary winding of the transformer being connected to ground through silicon diode 18. The signal at collector 20b is fed to emitter follower stage 26 wherein the emitter impedance is formed by resister 28 and diode 18. Negative feedback is provided to lower the input impedance and capacitors 32 and 34 in combination with resistors 27 and 30 form a low-pass filter. Diode 18 provides a feedback voltage which varies with temperature to maintain the bias on transistor 20 substantially constant and so prevent variations in gain with temperature change. The output from stage 26 is fed through amplifier stage 38 to emitter follower stage 40. A tuned network 48 is included in the feedback path for these stages and a lowpass filter 44 in the output connection to further amplifier 58 controlling relay 60.
Patent GB-1050873-A (GB)
IPC: C10K1/16
Abstract: 1,050,873. Purifying acetylene. JAPANESE GEON CO. Ltd. July 27, 1965, No. 32090/65. Heading C5E. In the purification of pyrolysis gases contain ing acetylene by contact in an absorption tower with a solvent to dissolve higher acetylenes the charged solvent is heated to release useful gases which are returned to the absorption tower then partially regenerated in a first stripping tower and a major proportion is returned to the middle of the absorption tower while the minor proportion is fully regenerated in a second stripping tower and returned to the top of the absorption tower. Kerosene is the preferred solvent.
Patent GB-1052202-A (GB)
IPC: A01C17/00
Abstract: 1,052,202. Spreading granular materials. C. VAN DER LELY N.V. July 8, 1963 [July 13, 1962], No. 27008/63. Heading A1D. The subject-matter of this application is included in that of Specification 1,052,204 but the claims differ. An alternative form of adjusting mechanism is shown in Fig. 7. An adjusting rod 63 is coupled to an adjusting rod 67 by a tube 65 which carries a control lever 72 which can be set in various positions by inserting a pin 73 in one of the holes 74.
Patent GB-1054851-A (GB)
IPC: B26D1/00
Abstract: 1,054,851. Cutting-machines. JABLO PLASTICS INDUSTRIES Ltd. Feb. 5, 1965 [March 12. 1964], No. 10511/64. Heading B4B. A machine for chamfering the edges of a tile of foamed synthetic resin having two pairs of parallel edges comprises sections 1, 2 of trackway, pneumatic means 45, 46, 49 for moving the tile along section 1 past chamfering cutters 34, 35 to chamfer one pair of parallel edges, and pneumatic means 52, 53, 55 for moving the tile along section 2 past chamfering cutters 43 to chamfer the other pair of parallel edges. Section 2 lies below the level of section 1. Each section is provided with guide walls 5 resiliently displaceable towards fixed guide walls 6. The cutters may be discs, straight blades or polygonal plates. The tile is held against the sections 1, 2 by means of rollers 12a to 17 or blade springs. The machine may also comprise trimming cutters 25 and 33 and grooving cutters.
Patent GB-1226992-A (GB)
IPC: A63B60/16
Filed: 1968-03-13
Abstract: 1,226,992. Handles for rackets. E. DINKHAUSER. 13 March, 1968 [14 March, 1967], No. 12212/68. Heading A6D. A racket comprises a frame (not shown) having a shaft 1, attached thereto, a handle 4, which is attached or attachable to the shaft by engagement of a surface portion of the shaft with a complementary surface formed by the hollow interior of a bore 5, in the handle, and a terminal cap 7, which includes means 9, for holding a weight (not shown) for balancing the racket, and which is attached to the end of the handle which is furthest from the frame when the racket is assembled. The shaft and handle may be secured by one or more screws, by a bayonet joint, or adhesviely bonded together.
Patent GB-1227040-A (GB)
IPC: H04R1/16
Filed: 1969-12-02
Abstract: 1,227,040. A gramophone pick-up. S. STEIDINGER, [trading as DUAL STEIDINGER GEB.]. 2 Dec., 1969 [21 Dec., 1968], No. 58740/69. Heading H4J. A gramophone pick-up for a record player has its stylus assembly 3, 4, 5, 6 attached to the pick-up housing 1, 2, by means of a contact adhesive on the underside of a mounting element 6. A tubular shank 4 of the stylus assembly is arranged so as to extend approximately parallel to the plane of the record, said shank carrying a stylus 3 at one end and fitting over a flexible stem,5 of the mounting element 6 at the other end. The shank 4 engages with and extends through a coupling saddle 7 associated with piezoelectric converter elements of the pick-up.
Patent GB-1228004-A (GB)
IPC: H01F7/18
Filed: 1968-05-27
Abstract: 1,228,004. Levitation apparatus. NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP. 27 Aug., 1969 [27 May, 1968], No. 25265/68. Addition to 1,165,704. Heading H2A. [Also in Division G3] In a system as described in Specification 1,165,704 a subsidiary, stabilizing circuit is provided to damp out undesired oscillations. The energizing coil 13 of electromagnet 11 and capacitor 14 are arranged to be sufficiently removed from resonance of the A.C. frequency that ferro-magnetic load 12 is stabilized at a predetermined distance from the magnet. Due to the slow response of the system, oscillations may occur and these are damped out by deriving a signal from current transformer 17 and either using the signal directly or after phase advance in network 19 to modulate the carrier 21, which may be at the mains frequency. Alternatively, the frequency of the A.C. supplied to 13, 14 may be varied by applying the signal from network 19 to a signal generator (22), Fig. 6 (not shown), feeding a variable frequency static inverter (15). In a further modification, Fig. 7 (not shown), the signal from network 19 controls a series of Schmitt triggers (29) which switch further capacitors (26) across capacitor 14. The effective inductive reactance in the circuit may be varied, Fig. 8 (not shown), by employing a saturable reactor (32) in series with capacitor 14, the reactor being controlled by a D.C. amplifier (33) fed with the signal from network 19.
Patent GB-1228261-A (GB)
IPC: B25F3/00
Filed: 1969-06-24
Abstract: 1,228,261. Cutting tools; woodworking. A. BRISKMAN. 24 June, 1969 [12 July, 1968], No. 31753/69. Headings B4B and B5L. [Also in Division B3] A power-operated hand tool comprises a motor 41 connected to a drive for operating a tool member, e.g. a pinking shear blade 32, the drive comprising a continuously rotatable gear 45, a second rotatable disc 44 to which the blade is connected and means 43, 54, 56, 59 for transmitting motion from the gear 45 to the disc 44 for continuous, intermittent and stop motions thereof selectively controllable by a trigger device 78. The gear 45 is mounted on a stationary shaft 42 and is continuously driven from a worm on the shaft of the motor 41 via gears 49, 52. A hollow square-section shaft 43 is rotatably mounted on shaft 42 and is connected to the disc 44, a correspondingly shaped sleeve 54 being slidingly mounted on the shaft 43 and urged towards the gear 45 by a spring 55; the sleeve is provided with a projection 56 having a cam-face 57. The disc 44 is provided with a driving pin 46 arranged to engage in a slot 47 formed in the shear blade 32, the latter co-operating with a fixed blade 31; alternatively the pinking shear blades may be replaced by straight-edge scissors or sheet-metal snips. The trigger device includes a finger-plate 78, interconnected with a pair of levers 62, 68 via a plate 76, the various parts being pivoted on a pin 61. The lever 62 includes two arms 63, 64 arranged to staddle the gear 45, the arm 64 having a tapered face 67 and a stop lug 65. The lever 68 is also formed with a tapered face 70 and a stop 71. In operation, with the trigger in its stop position, the sleeve 54 is raised against the action of the spring 55 by means of the cam face 57 riding up the tapered face 70 of the lever 68 so causing a drive pin 59 on the gear 45 to be disengaged from abutment with the projection 56 thereby preventing the shaft 43 and disc 44 from rotating. By pulling the trigger 78 to its extreme rearward position the lever 68 is moved so as to bring the tapered face 70 out of contact with the cam-face 57 so allowing the pin 59 to be in continuous driving contact with the projection. In order to obtain intermittent actuation of the tool the trigger is moved to a midway position so that upon rotation of the gear 45 the cam-face 57 rides up the tapered face 67 thereby disconnecting the drive to the disc 44. Upon the next revolution of the gear a pin 60 thereon engages the arm 63 so as to move the surface 67 out of contact with cam surface 57 and thereby allow the disc to rotate. In a modification (Fig. 22, not shown) the drive pin 46 engages with a fork on slider 94 to which a saw blade is fitted; the saw blade can be replaced by a mortising tool, file, sanding and grinding pad or burnishing iron.
Patent GB-1228867-A (GB)
IPC: G01S13/42
Filed: 1968-06-05
Abstract: 1,228,867. Pulse radar; aerials; phase modulation. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS Inc. 5 June, 1968 [29 June, 1967], No. 26827/68. Headings H3R, H4A and H4D. In a pulse radar a first control system effects the phase of the carrier wave to position a beam and a second control system modifies the phase to produce a scan (e.g. a conical scan). In the embodiment the transmitted pulse width is long enough to cover several conical scans; and an oscillator 18, Fig. 1, in combination with a carrier frequency oscillator 17 produces in modulators 12, 13, 14, 16 phase-modulated. pulses for the rows and columns of aerial element in the quadrants A, B, C, D of array 11. Phase modulation, Fig. 2.-Each modulator comprises a hybrid junction (e.g. a magic-T) having arms 21, 23 fed respectively with the carrier and modulation oscillations to produce in each arm 19, 22 a mixture of the two with the carrier in arm 22 in anti-phase with the carrier in arm 19, a pair of non-linear devices (e.g. Schottky barrier diodes) 26, 27, a quarterwave stub 28 and output line 29. Detailed radar system, Figs. 4, 7, 8.-For any aerial element 33 Fig. 4 there is an associated module containing phase control 31, amplifiers 34, 37 and TR switch 36. All aerial elements (dipoles or horns) in all four quadrants are connected to a steering unit 41 to control the phases at the individual elements: the total phase at one element is #c + # where #c is established by the appropriate modulator and # by steering unit 41. An echo signal is compressed in duration and the ensuing signal is gated Figs. 7, 8 by a gate 42b corresponding to 60 of Fig. 8 and a gate 42c corresponding to 61 of Fig. 8. If the target is not along the central aerial axis, the echo is amplitude modulated, giving rise to additional pulses 51, 52. By comparing the amplitudes of pulses 53, 51 in unit 56 an angular lead signal is afforded for connection to steering unit 41 for improving tracking accuracy. Phase comparison in units 54, 55 between pulse 51 and phase-quadrature outputs from oscillator 18 enables the aerial to be pointed to the target. Automatic ranging is effected by a known early gate-late gate tracking system operating on pulse 53. And with a 1Mc/s. oscillator 18 pulse 51 occurs 1 Ás earlier than pulse 53. Modifications.-The aerial system may comprise but three or four elements within a reflector which is positioned to control the normal beam direction. Switches 80, 81, Fig. 1, permit planar scanning in either of two orthogonal directions.