baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-785152-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of -a - hydroxycarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof
IPC: C07C51/275
Filed: 1955-09-26
Abstract: Alpha hydroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting organic compounds containing at least one terminal double bond between two carbon atoms at a temperature below 20 DEG  C. with a nitric acid solution having an HNO3 concentration above 25 per cent by weight and containing a quantity of dinitrogen tetroxide above 10 per cent by weight of the nitric acid, the nitric acid being used in at least the stoichiometric amount required to convert the a -unsaturated organic compound to the corresponding a -hydroxycarboxylic acid.  When 100 per cent nitric acid is employed the reaction is preferably subjected to subsequent hydrolysis conditions.  The a -unsaturated starting compounds may contain functional groups such as hydroxyl, halide, cyano, ester, ether, keto and carboxyl groups.  Specified starting materials are isobutylene, allylchloride, methyl methacrylate, methacrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, allyl alcohol, methyl allyl alcohol, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, butadiene, methyl pentadiene, diallyl, styrene, a -methylstyrene, para-divinylbenzene and a -vinylpyridine.  The a -hydroxycarboxylic acids may be esterified with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, and the esters may be dehydrated to the corresponding a :b -unsaturated carboxylic esters. Alternatively, the a -hydroxycarboxylic acids may be dehydrated to the corresponding a :b -unsaturated acids and, if desired, the latter may be subsequently esterified.  The examples describe the conversion of isobutylene into a -hydroxyisobutyric acid, and the conversion of the latter compound into methyl a -hydroxyisobutyrate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid is also described.
Patent GB-421171-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of enamelled sheet iron, or articles constructed thereof
IPC: C23D3/00
Filed: 1934-09-24
Abstract: 421,171. Enamelling. KREIDL, 1., 5, Sebastian Kohlgasse, Vienna. Sept. 24, 1934, No. 27428. Convention date, Oct. 10, 1933. Addition to 401,650. [Class 56] Relates to the process for producing enamelled articles of sheet iron, described in the parent Specification, in which the iron is alloyed with at least one of the metals, particularly cobalt or nickel, the oxides of which cause the adhesion of the enamel. According to the present invention, the iron is alloyed superficially by diffusion into its surface of the adherent metal. The diffusion can be effected by known methods such as by bringing the iron into intimate contact with cementation mixtures containing the adherent metals and heating to a suitable temperature.
Patent GB-999995-A (GB)
Title: Improved mineral mining machine
Inventor: ANDERSON JAMES
IPC: E21C31/02
Filed: 1963-07-11
Abstract: 999,995. Mineral-mining machines. ANDERSON BOYES & CO. Ltd. July 13, 1964 [July 11, 1963], No. 27439/63. Heading E1F. In a mineral-mining machine having at least one end of the machine a rotary trepanner 2, 3 the power unit comprises two or more motors 6, 7 disposed in horizontal spaced relationship and coupled to a common shaft 10 from which at least all the cutter means 2, 3, 12, 14, 15 of the machine are driven, the motors having a combined power output to meet at least the total cutter power requirements of the machine whilst allowing of reduction in the vertical dimension of the motor layout so permitting of greater clearance between the motors and the conveyer 4 along which the machine is guided. The roof and floor-cutting discs 12, 14, 15, which may be provided, are driven from the shaft 10 as well as the machine haulage 18, 19. Peripheral flights 22 about the rear of each trepanner facilitate loading of spillage as does a floor cleaning plate 20 that may be detachably mounted at the rear of the machine.
Patent GB-463667-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to toys
IPC: A63H13/02
Filed: 1935-10-04
Abstract: 463,667. Toys. URBANEK, O., and POGANY, T. Oct. 4, 1935, No. 27509. [Class 132 (iii)] A toy has electrostatic means for withdrawing restraining means from actuating means for moving parts of the toy. Figs. 1 and 2 show a toy dog in which the electrode r and member p are given a charge of electricity by a rubbed ebonite rod s thus causing a distribution of electricity to be induced in the pivoted member n which is attracted towards the member p for the nose o to become disengaged from the tumbler lever k, l forming a mechanical relay device in a position of unstable equilibrium which rotates and causes the rotation of the lever f, h which becomes disengaged from the crank-shaft b carrying the hind legs a which rotate under the action of the spring c to cause the toy dog to leap forward. The lever k, l may be spring controlled. The length and direction of the leap is governed by the length and position of the tail t, which if sufficiently shortened or omitted causes the toy dog to somersault. The feet are preferably provided with rubber caps v to prevent slipping. Several actuating means and electrostatic releases therefor may be provided in a single toy and so disposed as to be operated separately, in groups or simultaneously. The movable parts can be operated by an electric motor actuated by a battery or other power source brought into operation by switch means actuated by control means operated electrostatically.
Patent GB-1188367-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Battery-Operated Vehicles
Inventor: WEST DE WITT HENRY
IPC: H02J7/14
Filed: 1967-06-14
Abstract: 1,188,367. Electric power transmission for vehicles involving control of D.C. motors. DEW. H. WEST. 14 June, 1967, No. 27523/67. Addition to 1,035,022. Headings H2H and H2J. An electrically operated vehicle as disclosed in the parent Specification 1,035,022 is provided with means whereby the vehicle may be driven for short distances with the use of the internal combustion engine. The field windings 3, 6 of the mechanically coupled generators A, B have their common connection connected to the slider of a potentiometer 5, which slider is associated with the throttle pedal of the vehicle. With switches 4, 8 closed, the slider in the illustrated position and the engine driving the generators A, B uncoupled, generator A will run as a motor to drive generator B, from which however there will be no output. As the slider is moved by the throttle pedal the output of generator B will gradually increase so energizing the motor C to drive the vehicle.
Patent GB-1431636-A (GB)
Title: Pigment pastes
IPC: C09C3/10
Filed: 1974-06-21
Abstract: 1431636 Pigment pastes BAYER AG 21 June 1974 [22 June 1973] 27668/74 Heading C4A [Also in Division C3] A pigment paste contains 3-20% wt. of an OH-terminated polyester-polyurethane which has been obtained by the reaction of a polyesterpolyol of mean wt. 500-3000 derived from hexanediol or ethylene glycol and adipic acid, with toluylene-diisocyanate, 3-70% wt. of a pigment and 20-81% wt. of a hydroxyl-free solvent. The pigments may be organic or inorganic preferably having a particle size of less than 2 microns. Preferred solvents are MEK/toluene or butylacetate toluene mixtures. Thickeners and fillers such as aerosils (Registered Trade Mark), bentonite or kaolin may be added. The pigment pastes can be used to colour 2- component polyester polyurethane coating compositions. In Examples 1-4 pigment pastes are prepared from a polyester-polyurethane prepared from a polyester derived from hexanediol and adipic acid, and toluylene diisocyanate any one of the following pigments: rutile pigment, micronized red iron oxide, copper phthalocyanine or surface oxidized carbon black; and either methylethyl ketone/toluene or butyl acetate/toluene or ethylacetate/ethyleneglycolmonomethyletheracetate as solvent. In Example 5 a textile coating composition is prepared from the above rutile-containing pigment paste, an OH-terminated polyester polyurethane, ethyl acetate, a polyisocyanate derived from trimethylolpropane and toluylene diisocyanate and an accelerator.
Patent GB-535969-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in construction and arrangement of thermionic valves for high frequencyreception
IPC: H03F1/08
Filed: 1939-10-12
Abstract: 535,969. Thermionic valves and circuits therefor. HAZELTINE CORPORATION. Oct. 12, 1939, No. 27772. Convention date, Oct. 22, 1938. [Classes 39 (i) and 40 (v)] In order to diminish the effects of grid-cathode conductance in high-frequency reception it is provided that part of. the discharge takes place in a region of positive conductance and part in a region of negative conductance. These two regions may be formed in separate valves, but Fig. 6 shows an arrangement for producing them in a single valve. The valve comprises a cathode 35, anode 37 and control grid 36 of ordinary type, and between the grid 36 and the anode are a grid 38 connected to the cathode and a grid 40. Over part of the valve there also extends a grid 42 connected to the cathode and a grid 41 connected to the grid 40 and maintained at a position potential so as to produce a virtual cathode near the grid 36, which is stated to result in a negative grid-cathode conductance. Instead of the grids 41, 42 being concentrated at one end of the valve they may be distributed over it so as to form alternating regions of positive and negative conductance.
Patent GB-363002-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in valves suitable for air containers such as a pneumatic tyre
IPC: F16K15/20
Filed: 1930-09-17
Abstract: 363,002. Inflating valves. MICHELIN ET CIE, Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dome, France. Sept. 17, 1930, No. 27819. Convention date, Sept. 18, 1929. [Class 135.] An inflating valve for pneumatic tyres and the like of the kind having a non-return valve mounted in a screw actuated stop valve, has the valve head in two parts one 5 carrying the stop valve closure 8 adapted to screw in the casing 1, the other 6 carrying the non-return valve 10 rotatably mounted in the casing and connected to the first part by a pin and groove mechanism 14, 15. The part 6 which has an external manipulating head 27 has a sealing flange adapted to engage packing 18 housed in a nut 16 screwed to the casing. The valve face 8 is housed in a recess in a member 25 rotatably mounted on the member 5. The packing 8 may be held in .position by corrugations on a central stem or by inturning the edge of the member 25 and riveting a washer to the central stem. In a modification the member 16 screws into the casing and has a packing to engage the casing and a seat to engage a packing on the sealing flange on the member 6.
Patent GB-151497-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and apparatus for raising ladders up for splicing purposes and the like
IPC: E06C1/12
Filed: 1919-11-11
Abstract: 151,497. Williams, W. Nov. 11, 1919. Ladders. - Apparatus for raising two or more ladders into position for s p l i c i n g comprises hooks D to be attached to the top rung of the bottom ladder, pulley tackle C and a yoke E carrying a #-shaped metal stirrup G to embrace both ladders and having hooks I to be attached to the bottom rung of the top ladder. The rod F of the yoke E has a roller to reduce friction. The hooks D have extensions J to prevent separation of the ladders and a bolt K which acts as a roller. The top ladder when raised by the pulley tackle is spliced in position. A third ladder temporarily joined to the second may be raised and spliced in the same manner.
Patent GB-660534-A (GB)
Title: Diazotype photoprinting material
IPC: G03C1/58
Filed: 1949-10-31
Abstract: Resorcinol- and phloroglucinol-aldehyde condensation products are prepared by mixing approximately equimolecular proportions of resorcinol or phloroglucinol and an aldehyde of 2 to 7 carbon atoms in aqueous or aqueous alcoholic sulphuric acid of 5 to 10 per cent concentration and allowing to stand without external heating.  The resorcinol or phloroglucinol may be dissolved in one portion of the reaction medium and the aldehyde in the other, the second portion being gradually added to the first.
Patent GB-352811-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in wind wheels
IPC: F03D7/02
Filed: 1930-09-18
Abstract: 352,811. Wind motors. NÍLTING, C. and EICHSTAEDT, E., Gumbinner Chaussee, Insterburg, Germany. Sept. 18, 1930, No. 27882. [Class 110 (iii).] The aerofoil-shaped vanes of a wind motor are made in two parts one of which moves radially under centrifugal action at excessive speed, turns at right-angles to its original path, and moves the second, larger portion with it. The two vane parts e, d, are rotatable on a hollow spar c, and the outer part e slides radially outwards under too high a speed of rotation, and turns at right-angles due to a pin sliding in a cam groove f. Pins h connect the vane parts so that they turn together. The hollow motor shaft b contains a rod p which moves upward when the vane part e moves outward, due to the connecting bell crank l and rod k. A weight t on a rope s attached to a sliding block q normally holds the vane parts d, e together. A lever v which bears on a pin u on the block q is used for stopping purposes, by means of a rope w attached to a winch or the like. In a modified arrangement the inner portion d slides radially, and the outer part e rotates only, under action of the connecting pins h. A sleeve, shaped like the vane, covers the gap between the vane parts and slides with the inner vane member d. The shaft b is prevented from rotating in the opposite direction by a locking device such as a pawl-and-ratchet gear.
Patent GB-1384496-A (GB)
Title: Electric motor drive
IPC: B63H23/24
Filed: 1973-06-12
Abstract: 1384496 Controlling D.C. motors SIEMENS AG 12 June 1973 [13 June 1972] 27975/73 Heading H2J [Also in Division H3] An electric motor drive comprises a series/ parallel switching device 2 having connections for two D.C. sources 3, 4 and feeding a first circuit comprising a first D.C. motor 9, a first D.C. chopper 22 and a controllable rectifier 23 and a second circuit comprising a second D.C. motor 10 and a second chopper 24 and a rectifier element 27 connected between the circuits, the arrangement being such that when the controllable rectifier 23 is non-conductive the choppers 22, 24 can be controlled so that the motors 9 and 10 are in series and when the controllable rectifier 23 is conductive the choppers 22, 24 can be controlled so that the motors 9, 10 are in parallel. As described, the motors 9, 10 drive a single propeller of a water craft and may be controlled in three speed ranges by operation of series/parallel switches 13, 14, 15, thyristor 23 and thyristor choppers 22, 24. Each thyristor chopper (Fig. 7, not shown), comprises four parallel thyristors having a pair of commutation circuits, respectively operable at different loads, each comprising a bridge of four commutating thyristors and a capacitor. The choppers 22, 24 are preferably operated alternately. Further speed control is achieved by variation of the current in field windings 11, 12. Free-wheeling rectifiers 28, 29 are included. Fig. 10 shows an arrangement in which the free-wheeling diodes 58, 60 are returned to auxiliary terminals of the series/parallel switching device 2. Separate smoothing circuits 49, 65; 50, 66 are also included.
Patent GB-156375-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in flour dredgers and the like
IPC: A47G19/24
Filed: 1919-11-12
Abstract: 156,375. Everton & Wilson, Ltd., and Padmore, A. T. Nov. 12, 1919. Powder distributors.-A sheet-metal flour-dredger, sugar caster, pepper caster, &c. has a domed perforated top 2 formed integral with or permanently fixed to the circular body part 1 and an annular foot 3 shaped like a flattened funnel and projecting downwards and outwards from the body to which it is fixed. The dredger &c. is filled through a circular hole in the bottom 5; the hole has an inwardly projecting periphery 9, and is normally closed by a tapered stopper 7 having an outwardly projecting beaded rim 8. In a modification, the inwardly projecting periphery of the filling-hole is formed with a screw-thread closed by a screw stopper.
Patent GB-1523992-A (GB)
Title: Process for hydrotreating of oils
IPC: C10G49/00
Filed: 1976-07-06
Abstract: 1523992 Hydrotreating oils SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV 4 July 1977 [6 July 1976] 28067/76 Heading C5E A heavy oil and a light oil are hydrotreated in separate reactors by contacting in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst which is circulated through both reactors and contacts the heavy and light oils alternately (the heavy oil has an ASTM D189 Conradson Carbon residue percentage at least twice that of the light oil). An atmospheric residue 110 of a crude petroleum oil is separated into a vacuum distillate 111 and a vacuum residue 112 which is deasphalted with butane to produce a deasphalted oil 113 and an asphalt 114. The asphalt 114 is hydrotreated at 103 to produce an effluent 127 which is separated into a gasoline fraction 128, a middle distillate 129 and an atmospheric residue 130. The mixture 115 of vacuum distillate and deasphalted oil is hydrotreated at 105 to produce an effluent 118 which is catalytically cracked at 106 with a zeolite catalyst and separated into a C 4 -fraction 122, gasoline 123, middle distillate 119 and atmospheric residue 124. Partially deactivated Ni/Mo/Al 2 O 3  catalyst is continuously or periodically withdrawn from reactor 103 and passed via line 108 to reactor 105 in which it becomes partially regenerated and is then recycled to reactor 105 via line 109. The reactors 103 and 105 are operated at 410 C. and 375 C. respectively with the catalyst in the form of slowly descending fixed beds.
Patent GB-388846-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to articles of rubber or rubber composition
IPC: B29C70/04
Filed: 1931-10-10
Abstract: 388,846. Rubber with embedded wires. ST. ALBANS RUBBER CO., Ltd., Finsbury Court, Finsbury Pavement, McPHERSON, G. and THORP, A., Selection Trust Building, Mason's Avenue, Coleman Street, both in London. Oct. 10, 1931. No. 28207. [Class 70.] A reinforcement for rubber sheets or blocks consists of series of parallel wires crossing each other at an angle to form a mesh, with vertical wires depending from some or all of the points of intersection of the mesh. The reinforcement may consist of parallel wires a of copper or the like formed with loops c through which pass legs d made by bending wires b. In other constructions, individual legs are twisted about the points of intersection of straight wires, or the joints are made by welding. In making blocks, sheets, &c. for roads, floors, traffic marks, and the like, a layer of sand of less depth than that of the legs d is placed in a mould, a prepared reinforcement is pressed into the sand, and rubber is moulded about the horizontal mesh and portions of the legs not embedded in the sand. The protruding legs of the resulting block are pressed into an unset concrete &c. foundation.
Patent GB-170852-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for mixing liquids having different temperatures
IPC: B01F15/00
Filed: 1921-10-25
Abstract: 170,852. LÚvy, L. R. Oct. 26, 1920, [Convention date]. Mixing fluids or flow.-Relates to a device for mixing liquids of different temperatures in such a manner as to produce a mixture of constant temperature, and consists in arranging that the colder liquid flows into the mixing vessel at a constant pressure through a valve which is automatically regulated by the temperature of themixing vessel. The apparatus comprises a mixing-vessel a, Fig. 1, to which the warmer liquid is supplied through a pipe b, and a receiving-vessel c for the cooler liquid which is arranged above the mixing-vessel. The cooler liquid is supplied to the vessel c through a pipe d controlled by a float valve e, so that a constant level of liquid is maintained. A pipe h leads from the vessel c to one side of a valve i, Fig. 2, the space at the side of which communicates by a tube n with a perforated tube m through which the liquid in the vessel a flows to the outlet pipe o. A rod e, of material which expands readily under the influence of heat, is fixed at one end to the tube m and at the other end to the valve i. Thus the expansion and contraction of the rod l controls the opening of the valve i, and the inflow of cooler liquid is regulated according to the temperature of the mixture flowing out through the tube m. Overflow pipes p keep a constant level of liquid in the vessel a.
Patent GB-483099-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to pneumatic pressure gauges
IPC: G01L7/16
Filed: 1936-10-17
Abstract: 483,099. Pressure gauges. TURNER, W. Oct. 17, 1936, No. 28302. [Class 106 (ii)] Comprises a contruction of gauge of the spring-urged plunger type involving the use of coaxial plungers by which two ranges for high and low pressures respectively are secured. An outer casing 1 is screwed at one end for securing to a flexible hose line or provided with a cap and deflating stem for temporary application to a tyre nipple. The outer plunger 2 is provided with a cupped annular sealing washer 4 slidably engaging the inner surface 1a of the casing 1. The inner plunger 3 is provided with a cup leather 6 held against a washer 7 by a screw 9. The washer 4 is held between a Range 2b and a collar or washer 5. A weak spring 11 engages between an abutment 13 and the washer 5 and a strong spring 10 between an abutment 12 and the washer 7. The low pressure scale is engraved on the plunger 2 and the high pressure scale on the plunger 3 and preferably they overlap to some extent, or the scales may be arranged vice versa the stronger spring then being outside. The scales may be engraved on sleeves which are moved to indicating position and held there. If the gauge is to be used continuously on low pressure an interlocking device may secure the high pressure element to the low pressure one.
Patent GB-536373-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in walking sticks and the like
IPC: A45B3/04
Filed: 1939-10-20
Abstract: 536,373. Walking-sticks; electric battery lamps. KAUFMAN, A. D. Oct. 20, 1939, No. 28322. [Class 134] [Also in Group XI] Walkirig-sticks having a bent or turned over handle, have mounted, in a recess in the stock, a lamp adapted to shine through an aperture 4 in the side of the stick 'under the handle so that when the stick is used in its natural position with its lower end at an angle forwardly the beam from the lamp is directed rearwards and downwards. The lamp and battery are mounted in a hollow part 2 of the stock near the upper end of the stick and the handle has a wooden block detachably secured in the upper end of this hollow part, by a screw. The lamp holder 9, in contact with one lamp terminal, has a resilient strip 12 connecting it to a push button 6 in a convenient position for actuation by the hand holding the stick. The other terminal of the lamp contacts with a central stud 10 on the holder, which in turn is held in contact with one of the battery terminals 11 by a spring 15 carried by the block 16. The spring is connected by a strip 14 to a contact plate 13 which in conjunction with the press button closes the lamp circuit. A part cylindrical shutter 17 closes the aperture 4 when required for the protection of the lamp and carries a reflector 19.