Patent GB-1112752-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of beer and the like
IPC: C12C7/26
Filed: 1966-01-27
Abstract: In the production of beer by dissolving a beer wort concentrate in water and attenuating the same with brewer's yeast, water is sterilized, desalted and then provided with a controlled salt content, wort concentrate having at least 80% dry substance is dissolved in the water, the wort obtained is fermented with yeast at low temperature and under pressure, and the resulting beer is aged and racked. The wort concentrate is prepared by mashing barley malt, clarifying the mash, mixing boiling clarified mash with hops or hop extract and boiling for an additional 60 to 90 minutes, centrifuging the hopped mash, cooling the clarified hopped mash in a plate cooler and filtering with silicic acid, concentrating the filtered liquid in a vacuum apparatus to at least 80% concentration and racking the concentrate under exclusion of air.  Wort produced by dissolving the concentrate in water either by boiling and stirring or by agitatory mixing without the use of heat, is fermented to <PICT:1112752/C6-C7/1> <PICT:1112752/C6-C7/2> about 50-60% of the extract after at least half of the required yeast has been added and the fermentation is then completed after addition of the remaining yeast.  The fermentation may be carried out in several stages, a first proportion of the fermentable extract being fermented in a first stage under 0.4-0.5 atmosphere gauge pressure, a lesser proportion under 1 atmosphere and a final and a still less proportion under 1.5 to 1.6 atmospheres pressure.  Alternatively, the pressure may be kept at 1.5 atmospheres during the entire fermentation. Separation of the yeast may be initiated while 10 to 20% of the extract is still unfermented and the fermentation completed during the separation of the yeast.  Thereafter, the beer is cooled to -1.5 DEG  to -2.5 DEG C. and kept at this temperature for 1 or 2 days. Untreated water passes through a dirt interceptor and is then sterilized by treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution and dechlorinated by filtration through active carbon.  The dechlorinated water is desalted by passage sequentially through a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger. It is arranged that should the conductivity of the apparently desalted water reach 20 micro-ohms, optical and/or acoustic signals are released and the supply of further water is shut off.  The desalted water then passes through a clarifying filter which absorbs any aromatic substances taken up from the ion exchangers.  Solutions of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate together with any additional minerals, aromatic substances or sugar (as desired) are then fed to the desalted water in order to furnish it with the desired salt content.  Samples of the water may be tested at each stage.  The cation and anion exchangers are regenerated with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively. The sterilization may be effected by treatment with chlorine gas (instead of the hypochlorite solution) or ozone; in the latter case the water may be sterilized after the desalting and resalting.  Viscous and ropy or stringy filaments of wort concentrate are diisolved in water, without the use of heat, in a cylindrical mixing apparatus 98, Fig.5, provided with four knife blades 100, which overlap slightly, fixed on two parallel shafts 99, and stirring blades 103 fixed on shafts 102. The comminuting and mixing process is carried out under complete exclusion of air.  The fermentation tank 105, Fig.6 has a doubled-walled cooling jacket 108 (the inlet and outlet 109 and 110 are depicted diagrammatically), a platetype centrifuge 116 and, at the upper end of the shaft 112 of the centrifuge, an impeller screw 114 which acts as a pump to circulate the wort up through the cooling jacket (as indicated by the arrows) and back through the space 115 between the drum of the centrifuge and the wall of the tank. Yeast is admitted to, and after fermentation is discharged from, the annular pocket 118 through the line 119 by a reversible pump. Initially the shaft 112 rotates at 500 r.p.m. with the annular slide valve 120 open.  In order to remove part of the yeast, towards the end of the fermentation, the annular slide valve 120 is inserted into the space between the cooling jacket and centrifuge drum from the outside by a rod or lever system (not shown) and the rotational speed of the centrifuge is increased to 2000 and 3000 r.p.m. whereby the yeast collects in the pocket 118. The fermented beer is cooled to -1.5 DEG to -2.5 DEG C. and is clarified by centrifuging at 5000 r.p.m. prior to withdrawal from the tank through the inlet/outlet line 107.  The tank is made of chrome nickel steel or enamelled sheet steel providing for operation at up to 3 atmospheres pressure, and has porous distributing nozzles 121 for introducing carbon dioxide and air, a gas vent 122 and an insulating jacket 106.  Baffles may be arranged at the upper end of the cooling jacket 108.ALSO:Water passes through a dirt intercepter and is then sterilized by treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution and dechlorinated by filtration through active carbon.  The dechlorinated water is desalted by passage sequentially through a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger.  It is arranged that should the conductivity of the apparently desalted water reach 20 micro-ohms, optical and/or acoustic signals are released and the supply of further water is shut off.  The desalted water then passes through a clarifying filter which absorbs any aromatic substances taken up from the ion exchangers.  Solutions of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate together with any additional minerals, aromatic substances or sugar (as desired) are then fed to the desalted water in order to furnish it with the desired salt content.  Samples of the water may be tested at each stage.  The cation and anion exchangers are regenerated with hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, respectively.  The sterilization may be effected by treatment with chlorine gas (instead of the hypochlorite solution) or ozone; in the latter case the water may be sterilized after the desalting and resalting.