baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent ES-2334430-B1 (ES)
Title: Silo de tela perfeccionado.
Inventor: DAM CORTIELLA ERNEST
IPC: B65D88/62
Filed: 2009-11-16
Granted: 2010-12-23
Abstract: Silo de tela perfeccionado dotado de una bolsa
textil con un tramo recto (4) y un tramo troncopiramidal invertido
(5), de sección superior concordante con el tramo recto (4) y
sección inferior adaptada a la embocadura de salida de producto (6),
cuya altura es igual al desplazamiento capaz de realizar un
subchásis móvil (3) que discurre a lo largo del chasis del silo,
hallándose la parte alta del tramo recto (4) de la bolsa textil
fijada a las vigas (2) del silo, mientras que la zona de
intersección entre el tramo troncopiramidal (5) y el recto (4), es
fijada al subchásis móvil (3).
Patent ES-2395575-B1 (ES)
Inventor: MACHIO LAMAS RAFAEL
IPC: A61B18/20
Filed: 2011-06-28
Granted: 2013-12-20
Abstract: Photodepilation method for sun-tanned skin using in the development thereof a device that emits light within a 700 to 900 nm spectrum. At the same time, the pulse duration, or skin/hair light-exposure time, is increased and light is applied, during the period indicated, in bursts of shots or multiple pulses.
Patent ES-2455790-B1 (ES)
Title: Túnel de enfriamiento rápido para mercancías paletizadas
Inventor: ALFAGEME CASTILLO CARLOS
IPC: F25D13/00
Filed: 2012-10-16
Granted: 2015-02-11
Abstract: Túnel de enfriamiento rápido para mercancías paletizadas, que comprende: - un recinto refrigerado (11); - al menos un equipo frigorífico provisto de unos evaporadores (3) y de respectivas turbinas (4) que aspiran aire del interior del recinto y lo proyectan a través de los evaporadores (3) y de unas salidas hacia el interior del recinto refrigerado (11); - al menos una zona de posicionamiento (17) de las mercancías paletizadas (2); - al menos pasaje lateral (18) entre la zona de posicionamiento (17) de las mercancías paletizadas y una pared lateral (14) del recinto refrigerado; y - unos conductos de aire (5) acondicionados para realizar la conducción del aire enfriado en los evaporadores hasta los pasajes laterales (18) y su proyección hacia la zona inferior de dichos pasajes laterales (18), describiendo el aire frío una trayectoria que atraviesa la zona de posicionamiento (17) de las mercancías paletizadas.
Patent ES-2482601-B1 (ES)
Title: Panel de suelo fabricado en material termoplástico
Inventor: GARCIA LOPEZ MARIANO
IPC: B62D25/20
Filed: 2013-01-31
Granted: 2015-05-20
Abstract: Panel de suelo prefabricado en material termoplástico.#Es de aplicación para proporcionar al sector de transporte un tipo de suelo resistente y ligero, customizable, de bajo coste y respetuoso con el medio ambiente. El panel está formado preferentemente por dos láminas externas planas (4, 5) de material termoplástico reforzada con fibra, y un núcleo (3, 12, 14) de material termoplástico, normalmente reforzado con fibra, que presenta una estructura dotada de superficies de contacto (7), en el que el núcleo (3, 12, 14) está soldado a las láminas externas planas (4, 5) mediante soldadura térmica de las superficies de contacto (7). Se ha previsto que el núcleo (3, 12, 14) adopte estructuras de diferentes configuraciones: estructura de celdas ovales, estructura ondulada o estructura trapezoidal.
Patent ES-2537028-B1 (ES)
Title: Sistema estructural de rápido montaje
Inventor: ESTEVEZ CIMADEVILA JAVIER
IPC: E06B3/34
Filed: 2013-11-29
Granted: 2015-12-22
Abstract: La invención se refiere a un sistema para el montaje rápido de estructuras que está basado en un módulo básico compuesto por dos elementos planos cuyas formas permiten que se inscriba uno dentro de otro, vinculándose entre sí mediante un eje que permite el giro relativo entre ambos de forma que por rotación el módulo, inicialmente plano, se transforma en un módulo espacial. El enlace entre módulos, complementado opcionalmente con piezas auxiliares simples, permite la creación y montaje de múltiples tipologías estructurales: sistemas planos y espaciales, sistemas de directriz recta y curva, adecuados para estructuras de cubierta, pasarelas, estructuras porticadas, etc.
Patent ES-2490066-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento para la obtención de hidrógeno a partir de biogás de vertedero de residuos sólidos urbanos
Inventor: YESTE SIGÜENZA PILAR
IPC: C01B3/38
Filed: 2013-02-28
Granted: 2015-06-24
Abstract: Procedimiento para la obtención de hidrógeno a partir de biogás de vertedero de residuos sólidos urbanos.#La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la obtención de hidrógeno a partir de gas de vertedero de residuos sólidos urbanos. El proceso integra dos fases diferentes: depuración del biogás de vertedero y reformado de metano.
Patent ES-2528172-B1 (ES)
Title: Métodos y sistemas de concentración de potencia solar con material de cambio de fase líquido-sólido para transferencia de calor
Inventor: MUREN RUSSELL
IPC: F24S23/70
Filed: 2012-07-03
Granted: 2015-11-23
Abstract: Métodos y sistemas de concentración de potencia solar con material de cambio de fase líquido-sólido para transferencia de calor mediante el uso de un material de transferencia de calor (HTM) de cambio de fase sólido-líquido. Los sistemas y métodos incluyen un receptor solar para calentar y fundir una cantidad de HTM sólido. Los sistemas también incluyen un intercambiador de calor en comunicación fluida con el receptor solar proporcionando intercambio de calor entre el HTM líquido y el fluido de trabajo de un bloque de generación de potencia. Los sistemas y métodos también incluyen un depósito de almacenamiento caliente en comunicación con el receptor solar y el intercambiador de calor El depósito de almacenamiento caliente está configurado para recibir una parte del HTM líquido desde el receptor solar para almacenamiento directo como un medio de almacenamiento de energía térmica. De esta manera, el sistema caracteriza el uso de un HTM de cambio de fase que funciona tanto como un medio de transferencia de calor como un medio de almacenamiento de energía térmica.
Patent ES-2610970-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de preparación de paellas y fideuás
Inventor: TRUJILLANO SANCHEZ TOSCANO FERNANDO
IPC: A23L7/10
Filed: 2015-09-16
Granted: 2018-02-08
Abstract: Procedimiento de preparación de paellas y fideuás, que comprende colocar y mezclar en un recipiente:#- 25-35 gramos de aceite infusionado por ración,#- 20-30 gramos de salmorreta por ración,#- 30-40 gramos de sofrito por ración,#- 0,5-1,5 gramos de ajo por ración,#- 0,5-1,5 gramos de cebolla por ración,#- porciones de carne, pescado y marisco y/o verduras,#- condimentos,#- 200-250 mililitros de caldo soluble por ración,#- 100-120 gramos de arroz o pasta por ración,#- 0,5-1,5 gramos de cúrcuma por ración,#-0,5-1,5 gramos de aderezo a base de tomate seco, ñora y preparado para sopa juliana por ración, y#cocer en horno y/o a fuego.
Patent ES-2611316-B1 (ES)
Title: Aerodino con capacidad de despegue y aterrizaje vertical
Inventor: CASTELLANO ALDAVE JESÚS CARLOS
IPC: B64C29/00
Filed: 2015-11-04
Granted: 2018-01-22
Abstract: Aerodino con capacidad de despegue y aterrizaje vertical.#El aerodino propuesto con capacidad de despegue y aterrizaje vertical y con capacidad de generar sustentación tanto mediante rotores como mediante alas fijas incluye: un fuselaje (1); dos alas (2) fijas; dos rotores delanteros (11) y dos traseros (12) dispuestos simétricamente y accionados mediante motores (13); estando cada rotor (10) unido a una porción central de un ala (2) fija mediante un soporte (14); y articulado alrededor de un eje de articulación (E2), permitiendo modificar la inclinación de cada rotor (10) desde una posición de avance longitudinal, en la que impulsan el aerodino horizontalmente, hasta una posición de sustentación en la que proporciona sustentación vertical; quedando dichos rotores traseros en posición de sustentación parcialmente superpuestos con una porción del ala que incluye una aleta (20) libremente articulada al resto del ala determinándose su posición por efecto del empuje aerodinámico entre una posición de sustentación y una posición de avance longitudinal.
Patent ES-2632291-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de fabricación de un producto laminado de madera y producto así obtenido
Inventor: LEE PIRTLE ERIK
IPC: B32B23/00
Filed: 2016-02-10
Granted: 2018-07-30
Abstract: Procedimiento de fabricación de un producto laminado de madera y producto así obtenido que comprende una primera etapa (1) de colocación de una lámina de madera encolada sobre la que se deposita papel prensa y/o papel cuché encolado, repitiendo dicha acción sucesivas veces hasta la conformación de un bloque compacto; una segunda etapa (2) de compactación de dicho bloque, con unas presiones de entre 15 y 30 kg/cm{sup,2}, y de secado en un horno entre veinticuatro y cuarenta y ocho horas, donde en dicha etapa, el bloque está depositado en un molde curvo o con abombadura, que proporciona una forma (10) que permite ver las letras impresas del papel prensa y/o cuché empleado en la primera etapa; y una tercera etapa (3) de corte plano del bloque compacto, obteniendo el producto laminado de madera deseado.
Patent ES-2592354-B1 (ES)
Title: Procedimiento de aplicación informática para brindar información de prestación de servicios.
Inventor: PEREZ ARGEMI ROSA
IPC: G06Q10/06
Filed: 2016-06-29
Granted: 2017-06-23
Abstract: Procedimiento de aplicación informática para brindar información de prestación de servicios, que comprende: primera etapa (1), detectar la geolocalización del usuario mediante geolocalizador del aparato electrónico; segunda etapa (2), seleccionar centro o centros que ofrecen el servicio solicitado; tercera etapa (3), calcular tiempo de llegada, desde la localización con distintos medios de transporte; cuarta etapa (4) chequear bases de datos de los centros, y calcular tiempo de espera de cada uno; quinta etapa (5) calcular qué centro puede prestar el servicio en menos tiempo, y mostrar la información al usuario. Opcionalmente, una sexta etapa (6), enviar la información al centro que el usuario está en camino; séptima etapa (7) iniciar el navegador con el itinerario al centro; y octava etapa (8) recalcular periódicamente e informar si ha cambiado la recomendación inicial.
Patent ES-2641593-B1 (ES)
Title: Envase monodosis desechable de gelatina blanda
Inventor: SALVADOR VALERO JUAN
IPC: B65D75/00
Filed: 2017-02-15
Granted: 2018-09-13
Abstract: Envase monodosis desechable de gelatina blanda, como contenedor de una dosis de un alimento, con formas tridimensionales que evocan su contenido.
Patent JO-1283-B1 (JO)
Title: Drip irrigation conduit and method of making the same
Inventor: JOHN M LANGA
Filed: 1982-11-17
Granted: 1986-11-30
Abstract: DRIP IRRIGATION CONDUIT AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME
Patent JO-3158-B1 (JO)
Title: Process for the preparation of 4-{4-[({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl] amino}carbonyl)amino]-3-fluorophenoxy}-n-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide, its salts and monohydrate
Inventor: SASKIA WICHMANN
Filed: 2011-04-13
Granted: 2017-09-20
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 4-{4-[({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)¬phenyl]amino}carbonyl)amino]-3-fluorophenoxy}-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide, its salts and monohydrate.
Patent JO-3116-B1 (JO)
Title: Pyrazoloquinoline derivative as pde9 inhibitors
Inventor: KOJI HAGIWARA
Filed: 2012-10-04
Granted: 2017-09-20
Abstract: A compound or pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof represented by the formula (I) exhibits PDE9 inhibitory action and is useful as a cognitive impairment improving agent in Alzheimer's disease. wherein R1is a hydrogen atom; R2 is an aromatic ring group, etc.; R3 is a hydrogen atom, etc; R4 is a hydrogen atom; R5 is an oxepanyl group, etc.; R6 is a hydrogen atom
Patent KR-790000798-B1 (KR)
Title: Automatic response system with telephone
Inventor: HURUGAWA HAZIME
Filed: 1974-03-27
Granted: 1979-06-30
Abstract: Auto. telephone ans. app. which is normally in a standby state for receiving a calling signal, was comprised of a starting means(4) for completing a response cct. (T1) for a calling sig., ans. means (T1) for sending out an ans. message to a calling party, recording means (T2) for recording an incoming message from the calling party, and signal detecting cct. means (19)(20)(24)(25) coupled to a recording means (T2) operated after receiving a specified sig. during the first predetermined time period.
Patent KR-800000912-B1 (KR)
Title: Method preparing a bulked film-fiber
Inventor: KEITH D
Filed: 1974-05-29
Granted: 1980-09-10
Abstract: A process of cold drawing a shaped plastic sheet where in said sheet has a plurality of hollow pointed projections on one or both faces arranged in an array that forms parallel rows in at least one direction, said hollow pointed projection having at least a portion of the distal portion of the sides at an angle of over 60≰to the median plane of the sheet which process comprises cold drawing the shaped plastic sheet by stretching the sheet along an axis in the median plane of the sheet and normal to a direction of parallel rows of projections to produce an oriented plastic sheet containing projections which remain incompletely drawn.
Patent KR-800000412-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for preparation of cephalosporin esters
Inventor: CLAYTON J
IPC: C07D501/30
Filed: 1975-02-28
Granted: 1980-05-20
Abstract: Cephalosporin esters(I, R = pheny1, 4-hydroxypheny1, 3-chloro-4-hydroxypheny1, 2, 3- thieny1, dihydropheny1; X = acetoxycarbamoyloxy, heterocyclicthio ; R1, R2 = H, methoxy)were prepd. by threating compd. II or their reactive esterified derivs. with compd. III. The final products are absorbed into plasma by oral route and hydrolized to release antibacterial cephalosporin.
Patent KR-800000464-B1 (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for selectively supporting conveying and mounting a propeller and rudder
Inventor: SAIDOU KENJI
IPC: B63B9/00
Filed: 1976-06-11
Granted: 1980-05-29
Abstract: The title is related to the apparatus to support and convey a propeller(p) and a rudder(D) up to the fitting site by; 1) fitting the apparatus for supporting a propeller and a rudder in the watch-tower(5) on the frame(2,3), 2) supporting a propeller and a rudder using each apparatus, and 3) controlling properly the jack and the cylinder(9,10) in the upperframe.
Patent KR-810001542-B1 (KR)
Title: Filament guide button for manufacturing silk yarn
Inventor: ICHIHASHI DAMOTSU
IPC: D01B7/04
Filed: 1978-04-20
Granted: 1981-10-27
Abstract: This patent is designed for the improvement of the filament guide button for manufacturing silk yarn.  The water storage hole of which the lower panel is set onto the middle or lower part in the vicinity of that front portion is established upon the upper part of the filament guide button.  Meanwhile the passing yarn hole which passes through the lower panel of the water storage hole vertically is set upon the inner side of the wall of the front portion of the above mentioned water storage hole, the introducing part which introduces yarn is established onto the front portion of the filament guide button.
Patent KR-810001537-B1 (KR)
Title: The coloring method for thermoplastic resins
Inventor: SHIBUYA KOICHI
IPC: C08K3/00
Filed: 1978-06-29
Granted: 1981-10-27
Abstract: Metal phthalocyamines contg. substituted sulfonamide groups were mixed with carbon black to prep. black pigments without red shades.  The pigments were useful in thermoplastic.  Thus, 20 parts carbon black was mixed with 10 parts Cu pthalocyaninetri(N-isobutylsulfonamide) and used as a pigment in polyester fibers, giving blue-black fibers.
Patent KR-810002120-B1 (KR)
Title: Agent for recovering oil from surface water
Inventor: KWON Y
IPC: B01D15/00
Filed: 1978-11-24
Granted: 1981-12-29
Abstract: Removing agent for spill oil from the surface of the sea is prepared by coating inorganic powder mixture with nonionic surface active agent. Thus, fine powder mixture of diatom earth, active white clay, clacium carbonate 88 wt.%  and fatty acid alkylol amide 2-12 wt.% is mixed for 2 hr at 60-80≰C to give spill oil removing agent.
Patent KR-820000115-B1 (KR)
Title: Process for the preparation of a -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)propionic acid alkoxyalkyl amides
Inventor: BOEHNER B
Filed: 1979-01-09
Granted: 1982-02-18
Abstract: Title compds. (I; R1 = C1-4 normal or side chain saturated hydrocarbon; R = C1-4 alkyl), useful as herbicide, were prepd. by reacting 4-(p-trifluoro methyl phenoxy)-α-phenoxy propionic halide with alkoxyalkyl amine(III) in the presence of basic acid acceptor.  Thus, α-4-(p-trifluoro methyl phenoxy)-phenoxy-propionyl chloride 17.2 g was dropped in the mixt. of 2-methoxy ethylamine 4.1g, triethylamine 7.5 ml and methylene chloride 50 ml in the ice bath.  The reaction mixt. was stirred at 20≰C for 2 hr, condensed and filtered.  The filtrate was condensed to give α-[4-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-phenoxy -prcpionic acid(2-methoxy)-ethyl amide 14.9 g.
Patent KR-820001660-B1 (KR)
Title: A process for producing novel water-swellable fibers
Inventor: TANAKA KOJI
IPC: D01F6/18
Filed: 1979-04-16
Granted: 1982-09-15
Abstract: Acrylic fibers are treated with an aq. alkali metal hydroxide in such a way that only the outer layer of the fibers is hydrophikized, so the water swellability of the fibers is enhanced without any advdrse effect on the phys. properties or crimpability of the fibers. Thus., 90:10 acrylonitrile-Me acrylate copolymer fibers are boiled for 10min in 30% aq. NaOH, wahsed with water to remove residual alkali, and dried.
Patent KR-830000026-B1 (KR)
Title: 트리사이클릭 오르토-융합된 헤테로사이클릭 화합물의 제조방법
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 1979-05-24
Granted: 1983-01-29
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-830002405-B1 (KR)
Title: 비반응 가스의 정화공정
IPC: B01D53/00
Filed: 1980-07-14
Granted: 1983-10-26
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-810001227-B1 (KR)
Title: Kneading method for teaching material
Inventor: HWANG SEON JOO
IPC: G09B19/10
Filed: 1980-08-07
Granted: 1981-09-29
Abstract: Title teaching aids(I) which is not stick on hand and can be mixed easily with pigments was manufd. by kneading the wheat flour, salt, oil, tartar cream and pigments.  Thus, 38 % wheat flour, 4.5 % oil, 1.5 % tartar cream and small quantity pigments were kneaded with 50% salt water and mixed under heat for 10 min to give I.
Patent KR-840000790-B1 (KR)
Title: Suitcase cart
Inventor: ARIA ANTONIO M
IPC: A45C5/14
Filed: 1981-03-20
Granted: 1984-06-12
Abstract: The suitcase cart is produced by assembling four bars (38),(40) along the edges of a suitcase, adding a pair of wheel supporter(36) having two fixed wheels including a U-shaped handle(46) which can be mounted and separated freely, adding another handle(62) with a bottom plate(54) which can be moved wide to be used for more luggage and suitcase having an upper plate(22), bottom plate(24), four side walls(26), (28), (30), (32).  The suitcase may be carried in hand, but for additional luggage, the handles can be pulled out and the suitcase can be converted into a simple cart which may be pulled.
Patent KR-830000912-B1 (KR)
Title: 망포지에 장식무늬를 현출시키는 방법
IPC: D06Q1/00
Filed: 1981-07-03
Granted: 1983-05-02
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-890000587-B1 (KR)
Title: Insulating gate type transistor
Inventor: YASUHISA OOMURA
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 1981-09-11
Granted: 1989-03-21
Abstract: This insulated gate type transistor consists of an insulating layer, an active layer made of a first conductive type semiconductor formed on the insulating layer, and a cathode region made of a high impurity concentration semiconductor.  The IGFET manufacture for three- dimensional LSI has the thickness of active layer equal to half PI time debye wavelength of the constituent semiconductor. This transistor is constructed as a gate insulated type so as to provide not only a current saturation characteristic but also a nonsaturative characteristic.
Patent KR-880002109-B1 (KR)
Title: Work platform
Inventor: AYERS RAY ROLLAND
IPC: B63B35/00
Filed: 1981-10-14
Granted: 1988-10-15
Abstract: A semi-submersible trailer for providing a stable offshore platform for surface or undersea work includes at least two connected flotation elements supporting a work platform, is attachable to vessel and can be pivoted up to transit mode or down to work mode., pref. using a swivel joint permitting the trailer to move up and down and side to side.  The elements are pref. pontoons which can be ballasted to be semi-submersible and are connected by trusses.  The joint is pref. mounted on a floating vessel at the center of pitch on the deck.  There may be thrusters within and beneath the pontoons, and the trailer may include a crane and a launch/recovery system for a submarine.
Patent KR-880000636-B1 (KR)
Inventor: JIM KUWAK PIE
IPC: B41J31/14
Filed: 1982-04-16
Granted: 1988-04-19
Abstract: 내용 없음.
Patent KR-880002388-B1 (KR)
Title: Power and free conveyor systems
Inventor: DEHNE CLARENCE ALBERT
IPC: B61B13/12
Filed: 1982-06-08
Granted: 1988-11-04
Abstract: This device is a driving trolley (22) which has a movable driving member (46) engageable with a driven pusher (42).  The driving member is integrally formed with a stopping cam (81), an abutment (90), accumulation cam (80), an anti-jam cam (82), and a pair of transversely projecting driving wings (92,93).  All cams disengage the driving member from a pusher.  The stopping cam and abutment are engageable with a trackside stop member to stop the carrier.  The accumulating cam (80) is engageable with an actuator on the rear of a preceding carrier to stop the carrier.  The driving wings are engageable by forwarding and receiving pushers travelling on parallel side-by-side power tracks at a transfer zone.
Patent KR-850001024-B1 (KR)
Title: Color video signal recorder
Inventor: KOJIMA NOBORU
IPC: H04N9/79
Filed: 1982-11-04
Granted: 1985-07-18
Abstract: A chroma-signal processor for a color video signal recorder uses a single circuit down-converting chroma signal in both the NTSC and CCIR systems. A reference signal, generated by a voltagecontrolled oscillator, is frequency-divided and passed to a phase shifter, which shifts by ninety degrees during each horizontal period; a one-eighth frequency signal from the divider is used for rccording a first field. A lower carrier-frequency generator controls the frequency of the VCO, so that the frequency of the frequency-converted chrominance signal becomes 3/8NfH where N is an odd number and fH is the horizontal scanning frequency. To meet the frequency requirements for recording the chroma signal in the NTSC and CCIR systems, the color signal is phase-shifted forwards by ninety degrees during each horizontal scanning period for the first field and has a phase lag of ninety degrees for the second field.
Patent KR-890000049-B1 (KR)
Title: Method of producing scroll type compressor
Inventor: TANIGAWA MINORU
IPC: F04C29/00
Filed: 1983-05-26
Granted: 1989-03-06
Abstract: The method is for producing a scroll compressor having an orbital scroll and a stationary scroll.  The orbital scroll is fabricated by a process comprising forming an end plate and a spiral wrap seperately.  The end plate is composed of an upper half part having a discontinuous joining portion for joining the spiral wrap and a lower half part having an oil passage.  The both half parts of the end plate are fixed to each other through mutual engagement between locating projections formed by a plastic work on one of the half parts and mating holes formed in the other of the half parts.
Patent KR-880001398-B1 (KR)
Title: Temperature control unit for air conditioning apparatus
Inventor: YAMASHIDA TADAO
IPC: F24F11/02
Filed: 1983-06-16
Granted: 1988-07-30
Abstract: A temp. controller for an air conditioner is usually attached in a main frame so that the variation of temp. apart from the frame may not be detected exactly.  The remote controller plased at a desired position for detecting ambient temp. includes an oscillator (2) of which frequency is varied according to the ambient temp. and transmitted to a receiver (11) through antennas (10).  The received frequency is compared with a value of a temp. presetting circuit (12) in a comparator (12) and operates a driving circuit (15) with a controlled signal.