Patent GB-646124-A (GB)
Title: Method of producing a stream or streams of working substances having desired thermodynamic characteristics
IPC: F25B1/06
Filed: 1946-05-31
Abstract: 646,124. Heating and cooling gases etc.; refrigerating. EMERSON, J. C. May 31, 1946. No. 16565. [Classes 29 and 64(i)] [Also in Group II] Relates to systerns of flowing fluids, employed in refrigerating systems, steam power plant domestic and factory heating systems, waste heat recovery &c. ir which a first stream W 1 of a gas or vapour with a high equivalent temperature at rest," and with an admixture of at least 1/5 by weight of solid and/or liquid particles, and a second stream W 2 of a gas or vapour, with a lower "equivalent temperature at rest" than the first stream and with a smaller proportion of or no admixed solid or liquid particles, are mixed as in Fig. 1 to form, or result as in Fig. 2 from the division of, a third stream W, of a gas or vapour with an intermediate "equivalent temperature at rest " and an intermediate proportion of solid and/or liquid particles, the three streams having a common junction and three separate extremities. "Equivalent temperature at rest " is defined as the temperature which the stream of gas or vapour would have if it were brought to rest without change of entropy. According to the invention, the first and second streams, between their extremities and their junction, change in absolute pressure by at least 1/3 and 1/5 of their initial pressures respectively and in velocity by at least 10 metres/ sec. when the maximum velocity of the stream is more than 100 metres/sec. and by proportionately less for smaller velocities. In addition, in the case in which the two streams join to form a single stream, the first and second streams have velocities in a ratio of 1 to 2 or less immediately before'the junction. When the streams are of vapour, the loading material may be the liquid of the vapour, e.g. water droplets in steam, or droplets of mercury, or particles of stainless steel or zinc oxide. The particles or droplets may be sprayed in or formed by condensation, and may be electrically or magnetically charged and subjected to electric or magnetic fields, e.g. for separation of streams. The separation of the third stream into two streams may be effected by centrifugal action resulting from a change in direction of the stream. For example, a stream of gas or vapour loaded with particles may be supplied through a passage P 4 , Fig. 4 to a flat cylindrical chamber AC,. The particles pass outwardly into the part of the stream which emerges through the peripheral outlet HE, and the remainder of the stream, without particles, passes through a central aperture into a second flat cylindrical chamber from which it emerges also through a peripheral outlet. In a refrigerating system, Fig. 6, liquid carbon disulphide and solid lead sulphide are sprayed through atomizing jets J into a stream of carbon disulphide vapour generated in a boiler BO. The mixture expands in a nozzle A, and then mixes with a stream of carbon disulphide vapour from a nozzle B supplied from an evaporator EV. The stream resulting from the mixture in the chamber D is compressed in an annular nozzle E, and its temperature consequently rises. It is then separated into two components in the chamber H in the manner described with reference to Fig. 4. The component rich in loading material emerges at F almost completely liquid. The other component passes to the condenser CO, and the condensate is returned to the evaporator EV past a reducing valve V. Additional vapour, heavily loaded with liquid from the condenser CO, is supplied through a nozzle C to the mixing chamber D to ensure that there are sufficient liquid droplets in the stream entering the separator H. In steam generating plant, Fig. 7, steam flowing from a boiler BO operating 'at 1640 1bs./sq. in. and 320 degrees C. draws in a fine spray of water from the nozzles J so that its resultant dryness is 37 per cent, and expands in a nozzle A until its temperature is 50‹ C. and dryness 43 per cent. Exhaust steam at 120‹ C. and 90 per cent dryness expands in the outer nozzle B until its temperature is 50‹ C. and dryness 80 per cent. The two streams, given a whirling motion by blades AB, BB, mix in the chamber D which has vanes EB to counteract the whirling. The mixture is compressed in CN until its temperature is 170‹ C. and dryness 67.5 per cent, and after being substantially dried in the steam trap ST passes partly at SE to a first steam engine, the exhaust of which supplies the nozzle B, partly to a second steam engine, or a separate stage of the same engine, exhausting at 40‹ C. to the condenser CO, and partly to a steam injector IN which tranfers the condensate to the hot well HW. The separated liquid from the steam trap ST flows to the hot well, and is returned to the boiler by an injector IN 2 .