Patent GB-756549-A (GB)
Title: Aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble fatty acid esters
IPC: A21D8/08
Filed: 1952-10-15
Abstract: Water-soluble ester salts of water-insoluble partial esters of polybasic carboxylic acids and monohydric aliphatic alcohols containing at least 8, preferably 12-14, carbon atoms per molecule are useful as dispersing agents (see Group III). Reference is made to the ammonium, alkali metal, or organic base salts of partial esters derived from cetyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, or oleyl alcohols, and from citric, tartaric, maleic, adipic, malonic, succinic, malic, sebacic, oxalic, phthalic, tricarballylic, aconitic, or polycitric acids.  In examples: (a) cetyl alcohol and citric acid are heated together and the product neutralized with sodium carbonate to form monosodium dicetyl citrate, or by varying the proportions, disodium monocetyl citrate; (b) oleyl alcohol and citric acid are heated together and the product neutralized with aqueous ammonia; (c) dicetyl citrate is neutralized with triethanolamine; (d) partial esters are formed by heating mixtures of lauryl alcohol with maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, adipic acid, or oxalic acid, and the products are neutralized with sodium carbonate.ALSO:Aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble partial fatty acid esters are prepared using as dispersing agents water soluble ester salts of water-insoluble partial esters of polybasic carboxylic acids and monohydric aliphatic alcohols containing at least 8, preferably 12-14, carbon atoms per molecule.  The dispersing agent may consist of ammonium alkali metal, or organic base salts of partial esters derived from cetyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, or oleyl alcohols, and from citric, tartaric, maleic, adipic, malonic, succinic, malic, sebacic, oxalic, phthalic, tricarballylic, aconitic, or polycitric acids.  Salts of diesters of citric acid, e.g. sodium dicetyl citrate, are especially suitable.  The material dispersed may be a mixture of water-insoluble fatty acid esters consiting mainly of partial esters, e.g. partial glycerol esters consisting principally of monoglycerides but also containing di- and triglycerides.  Partial esters from glycol, polyglycols, polyglycerols, mannitol, or sorbitol may also be dispersed.  In examples, stearic acid monoglyceride is dispersed using as dispersing agents monosodium dicetyl citrate, the ammonium salt of dioleyl citrate, a mixture of monosodium dicetyl citrate with dicetyl citrate, disodium monocetyl citrate, the triethanolamine salt of dicetyl citrate, the sodium salt of monolauryl maleic acid ester, and the corresponding ester salts derived from phthalic, adipic, and oxalic acids.  The products are useful as anti-adhesion agents in baking and for cosmetic purposes. The aqueous dispersion of stearic acid monoglyceride containing the sodium salt of monolauryl oxalic acid ester may be used as a lubricant for textile fibres during spinning at a temperature of up to about 90 DEG C.  The Provisional Specification describes dispersions of soya oil in water or skim milk which are useful as artificial creams or for adding to meat or fish preserves.ALSO:Anti-adhesion agents for use in baking, e.g. for coating tins, consist of aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble partial fatty acid esters in which the dispersing agents are water soluble ester salts of water-insoluble partial esters of polybasic carboxylic acids and monohydric aliphatic alcohols containing at least 8, preferably 12-14, carbon atoms per molecule.  The dispersing agent may be ammonium, alkali metal, or organic base salts of partial esters derived from cetyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, or oleyl alcohols, and from citric, tartaric, maleic, adipic, malonic, succinic, malic, sebacic, oxalic, phthalic, tricarballylic, aconitic, or polycitric acids.  Salts of diesters of citric acid, e.g. sodium dicetyl citrate are especially suitable.  The material dispersed may be a mixture of water-insoluble fatty acid esters consisting mainly of partial esters, e.g. partial glycerol esters consisting principally of monoglycerides but also containing di- and triglycerides. Partial esters from glycol, polyglycols, polyglycerols, mannitol, or sorbitol may also be dispersed.  In examples, stearic acid monoglyceride is dispersed using as dispersing agents monosodium dicetyl citrate, the ammonium salt of dioleyl citrate, a mixture of monosodium dicetyl citrate with dicetyl citrate, disodium monocetyl citrate, the sodium salt of monolauryl maleic acid ester, and the corresponding ester salts derived from phthalic and adipic acids.  Dicetyl citrate neutralised with triethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent for the production of aqueous water-insoluble partial fatty acid ester dispersions for cosmetic purposes.  According to the Provisional Specification, emulsions of soya oil and water or skim milk, stable on acidifying and stable on heating, and, consequently, useful as artificial creams or for adding to meat and fish preserves which are to be sterilized, are made with the aid of monosodium dicetyl, dilauryl and distearyl citrates, disodium monocetyl citrate, or ammonia-treated dioleyl citrate.