Patent GB-1105021-A (GB)
Title: Heating apparatus
IPC: H05B6/80
Filed: 1965-02-01
Abstract: 1105021 Resonant cavities SUNBEAM CORP 1 Feb 1965 [3 Feb 1964] Headings F4W W8 W20 and W18A2 [Also in Divisions H2 H3 H4 and H5] In an electrical heating apparatus or oven there is a load-receiving compartment which functions as a resonant cavity to which R.F. power is supplied by a fixed-frequency oscillator, the said cavity being provided with automatically operated adjusting means for compensating any change due, for example, to the introduction of a load. The oven 30, Fig. 3, comprises an outer housing 32 containing on one side controls such as a selector switch 46, a thermostat 48, a timer 50, &c., and on the other side an electrically conductive oven liner or member 54 with polished inner surface defining a resonant cavity 55. The cavity is closed by a hinged door 34 of double-glazed construction provided with a metal shield (116), Fig. 9 (not shown), with a wiremesh viewing section (118), electrical continuity being maintained by means of spring fingers (120) which engage a rib (98a) around the opening to the cavity 55. Upper sheathed resistance heating elements 70, 72 and a similar lower element 64 are provided. Under the element 64 there is a dielectric (e.g. ceramic) shelf (62), Figs. 5, 6 (not shown), below which is a tuning or pedestal assembly 56, Fig. 15, and a coupling assembly 58 for feeding in R.F. energy at a frequency, for example, of 285 Mc/s. The height of the cavity 55, Fig. 3, is made less than one wavelength at the operating frequency, and the sheathed resistance elements are held by clips at quarter-wavelength intervals and thereby connected to the cavity. Brackets 84 at the sides of the cavity provide support for a removable tray 82, and may themselves be removed when R.F. heating is used. The tuning assembly 56 comprises a lower conductive plate 134 which is secured to the lower wall of the cavity 55, and an upper conductive plate 132, said plates being joined by a flexible sleeve construction with resilient strips 142. The plate 132 is movable relative to the plate 134, either by a crank-pin and guide mechanism, Figs. 5, 6 (not shown), or by a leadscrew and nut arrangement, Fig. 15, so varying the tuning of the cavity 55, Fig. 3. The coupling assembly 58 comprises a rotatable rectangular loop formed from the inner conductor of a coaxial feed cable (171), Figs. 5, 6 (not shown), which co-operates with the cavity and the tuning assembly (56) or with the cavity only Fig. 14 (not shown). R.F. power is supplied by a fixed-frequency oscillator to the cable (171), and a circulator and detection means for reflected power may be interposed. Fixed-frequency oscillator. -A tetrode valve 190, Fig. 11, is held in a socket (263), Fig. 31 (not shown), which is centrally mounted on a deck structure (230), comprising a conductive circular disc 232, Fig. 11, located at one end of an outer conductive cylinder 224. There is a conductive wall 228 at the other end of the cylinder 224, and the expanded end 226a of an inner conductive cylinder 226 fits over the anode structure of the valve 190, so completing a resonant output cavity. Power is extracted by a coupling loop 240 and feedback to the grid circuit is by means of a probe (204), Fig. 13 (not shown), connected by an insulated stem (256) through the deck structure to tuning loops 258, 262, Fig. 11, with adjustment link 270, to the grid terminal 264. A grid resistor 212 is carried on the deck structure and also bypass capacitors (210), (222), Fig. 22 (not shown). Connections to external D.C. supplies are made through funnels 274, Fig. 11, carried on an arcuate segment 272 extending from the deck structure 230. The funnels 274 also contain by-pass capacitors (208), (216), (220), Fig. 10 (not shown). A cap 282, Fig. 11, fits on the end of the outer cylinder 224 by means of a bayonet catch, and holds the deck structure 230 in place. Ventilation is provided by the passage of coolant, e.g. air, through a central hole in the end-wall 228, along the cylinder 226, past fins 236 in the anode structure of the valve 190, through a flared  ceramic extension (22b), Fig. 12 (not shown), of the cylinder (226) to holes in the disc 232, Fig. 11, and, finally through the central hole in the end-wall of the cap 282. Detection and control arrangements. -A detecting network 312, Fig. 15, comprises a section of coaxial connector 334 adjacent the oven having three transversely extending probes 340 spaced an eighth-wavelength apart, with the nearest about a half-wavelength from the loop of the coupling assembly 58. The probes contain square-law detectors 342, 344, 346, respectively and each is terminated a quarter-wavelength above its detector by an adjustable collar (352), Fig. 16 (not shown). The outputs from the detecting network are indicative of reflected power from the cavity, and are applied to a control circuit 318, Fig. 18, in which three transistors 364, 366, 368 are used as emitter followers, with their bases connected to the detectors 346, 344, 342, respectively. The collectors of the transistors are connected to a negative ten volts supply, and their emitters are earthed through parallel pairs of resistors 370 and 371, 372 and 373, and 374 and 375. The operating winding 380 of a relay 376 is connected between the emitters of the transistors 364 and 368 and controls the supply of power to a motor 148, to cause it to rotate one way or the other when a contact 382 or a contact 384 is closed. The motor 148, Fig. 15, operates the tuning assembly 56. The two coils 390, 392, Fig. 18, of a differential relay 378 are connected between the emitters of the transistors 364 and 366, and 366 and 368, respectively, and control the supply of power to a motor 320, to cause it to rotate one way or the other when a contact 394 or a contact 396 is closed. The motor 320, Fig. 15, operates the coupling assembly 58, an arm 328 secured to the portion of coaxial cable carrying the loop being rotated by a link 326 extending from an arm 324 on the motor shaft. Rotatable connection couplings 330 are provided to the fixed part of the coaxial cable. It is stated that the relay 376 is operated in response to the reactive component of the reflected power, and the relay 378 is operated in response to the resistive component of the reflected power. When a circulator is provided between the oscillator and the oven, a matching dummy load may be connected to a third port thereof, to absorb power reflected back from the oven. In an alternative detection and control arrangements a detecting probe (420), Fig. 19 (not shown), is connected between the third port (412) of the circulator (402) and the dummy load (416) and operates the winding (484), Fig. 21 (not shown), of a control relay, when the reflected power exceeds a predetermined level. This relay switches a motor (424) from a normally dynamically braked condition on to a power supply, and it begins to rotate. The motor (424), Fig. 20 (not shown), is coupled both to the tuning assembly (56) and to the coupling assembly (58) by means of gearing arranged to provide quasi-random relative positionings between their movable parts as they are operated. When a condition is reached where the reflected power is reduced to the predetermined level, the motor (424) is stopped, and remains braked.