Patent GB-393624-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to friction transmission control devices
Inventor: HAYES FRANK A
IPC: F16H61/662
Filed: 1931-11-27
Abstract: 393,624. Variable-speed friction gearing ; controlling variable-speed gearing. HAYES, F. A., Middletown Township, New Jersey, U.S.A. Nov. 27, 1931, No. 32928. Convention date, Nov. 29, 1930. [Class 80 (ii).] Relates to variable-speed friction gearing with twin sets of planetary rollers 20, Fig. 1, co-operating with toric discs, the changes being effected by precession or inclining of the rollers in unison, controlled by fluid the varying pressure of which moves a piston 113, Fig. 2, automatically, all as described in Specifications 343,988, 344,065, and 344,066. This gearing is adapted for use on motorvehicles between the engine and rear axle to provide automatic regulation of the vehicle speed dependent on the speed of the engine and the resistance encountered so that all the operator has to do to start the vehicle is to open the engine throttle and thereafter the speed maintained by the vehicle depends only upon the throttle opening and the road resistance. Detail improvements according to this invention comprise (1) a fluid-pressure control device or valve 125, Fig. 2, for use in starting the drive which can be effective only at low speed ratios, that is, slow drives ; (2) a fluid-pressure control device or valve 119,' Fig. 2, for changing out of direct or clutch drive at any time or for maintaining geared drives in the friction transmission at the option of the operator irrespective of the functioning of the automatic control, and (3) means such as a valve 108, Fig. 4, by which the engine can be connected at will through the transmission to brake the vehicle. Driving toric discs 10, 11, Fig. 1, are keyed to the engine shaft 12. A double intermediate disc 17 is loose on a sleeve 15 which connects spiders 22, 23 supporting the two sets of rollers 20. A driven shaft 24 has a clutch member 75 splined upon it and is splined at 49 so that a drum 48 can slide thereon. A sleeve 25 loose on the shaft 24 carries a clutch and brake drum 35 and has a splined connection 28 with a drum 29 having a splined connection 31 with the disc 17 for use in reversing as described in Specification 393,620. The drums 48, 29 slide together when operated by a reverse rod 32 which carries a dog ring 61 adapted to engage dogs 59 on a drum 64 and so to stop the spider 22 of the control set of rollers, the set on the left of Fig. 1 which is also shown in Fig. 9. The rollers are in yokes 21 set at a permanent angle, as described in Specification 344,061, in rockers 39 ada.pted to be rocked in unison to effect the speed changes as described in Specification 344,062. Control arms 54 extend from the rockers 39 to a wobble ring 56 which equalizes the stress on the rollers as described in Specification 344,064. The ring 56 is connected by arms 57, Fig. 1, to a cam drum 58. Rotary arms 67 on a non-rotary slider 69 co-operate with double-acting cams 62, 65 on the drums 58, 64 so as to turn the ring 56 and rock the rockers 39 of the control set which are followed by the rockers 40, Fig. 11, of the other set. An equalizing driven ring 53 of this other set has clutch teeth 52 engaged on all forward drives by teeth on the drum 48. On forward drives, the disc 17 is prevented from turning backwards by a brake 36 applied to the drum 35 according to Specification 344,063. The brake 36 is applied when oil enters a cylinder 115, Fig. 3, between two pistons 137, 138 by way of a pipe 134. The direct drive clutch 75 is applied when oil enters by a pipe 144 and presses on the end of a piston 151. The slider 69, Fig. 1, is rigid with the piston 113, Fig. 2, of the automatic control as described, for instance, in Specification 343,988. A pump 81 on the engine shaft 12 sends oil by a pipe 82 to a main setting valve 80. This valve in the idling position shown in Fig. 2 deflects the pumped oil over an upper valve piston 85 and upwards to the sump and so prevents the vehicle being started. As this valve is lifted, it deflects oil in part into a pipe 84 for transmission to the change-speed control cylinder 112 and in part through a taper opening 88 to drain. The height of a lower valve piston 89 determines the proportion that will go to drain and therefore the rate at which pressure will rise in the cylinder 112 and therefore the speed of the vehicle when the piston 113 acting as a valve opens the pipe 145 which sends the oil to put in the clutch 75. The valve 80 is operated by a handle, (not shown), moving over a dial .graduated to the speed of the vehicle at which direct drive is to become operative. Oil in the pipe 84 passes first to reverse shift valve 90 the shift rod 92a of which is connected by an arm 102 to the reverse rod 32, Fig. 1, and may be operated by a handle 97, Fig. 4. In the reverse position, this valve 90 is at left and the pumped oil passes along a pipe 95 through a differential valve 143, Fig. 3, and through the pipe 144 so as to move the piston 151 to the left and apply the clutch 75 to the drum 35 which is driven reversely as described in Specification 393,620. In the ahead position, the valve 90 is at right opening the pipe 95 to the sump 96 and sending oil into another pipe 94. The oil here divides, part passing up through the brake valve 108 in the " off " position shown and through a pipe 110 into the speed control cylinder 112, and part passing rightwardly past valve 133, Fig. 3, and by the pipe 134 in between the pistons 137, 138 to apply the brake 36. A spring 170 between the piston 137 and its rod cushions the engagement. If the load allows, the speed control piston 113, Fig. 2, moves to uncover the pipe 145 along which oil passes to thrust down the differential valve 150, close the valve 133 for brake actuation, and allow the oil to pass on through the pipe 144 to operate the clutch 75, this time for direct drive, the friction gearing turning solid. According to feature (1) of the invention, the pipe 84, Fig. 2, opens into the starting valve 125 which is a sleeve 125a with ports 126 opening into a pipe 127 leading into the control cylinder 112 beyond the piston 113. The sleeve 125a is connected by a linkage 130 to the accelerator button 129. If the vehicle is standing with reverse rod 32 in ahead position and the engine idling, the main valve 80 set for, say, 15 miles an hour, the drum 35 is turning backwards and oil is entering the pipe 84. Oil rises and passes through the narrow ports 126 and the pipe 127 to the far side of the piston 113 which has pressure oil also on its near side as described above. Therefore nothing happens and the main valve 80 may be reset. The valve 125 serves to relieve the pressure delivered by the pump but only at low speeds because at high speeds the piston 113 closes the pipe 127 and cuts out the starting- valve 125. The operator now steps on the accelerator button 129 as in any car but with both hands free for steering and no thought for gear-shift levers or clutch. A bell-crank lever 131 moves, first closing the ports 126. This may or may not start the car according to the setting of the valve 80. Further depression of the accelerator actuates a lever 123 so as to open the throttle 132 and by increasing the engine speed increases the oil pressure. Oil now passes as described through the pipe 94 applying the brake 36 to start the vehicle. The spring 170, Fig. 3, ensures a smooth start, which is necessarily in low gear. Pressure now builds up on the left of the piston 113 and the automatic action described in Specification 343,988 becomes operative, the pipe 145 supplying oil for the direct-drive clutch 75. According to feature- (2) of the invention, this pipe is interrupted by a relief valve 119 so that this pipe is opened to drain and the direct drive is disabled at any time by the operator simply pressing on another button 120 with his left foot. This slows the vehicle usefully in traffic. If when running in direct drive a down grade is come to, the operator releases the accelerator button 129. This opens the ports 126 but nothing happens since the piston 113 holds the pipe 127 closed, but the engine operates as a brake on the direct drive. If the operator desires to coast, he merely opens the main setting valve 80. In order to brake the engine on a ratio greater than 1 to 1, the operator turns clockwise the valve 108 which is provided according to feature (3) of the invention. This shuts off a drain pipe 114, breaks the connection at 94 by which the cylinder 112 receives oil, and opens the pipe 110 and therefore the cylinder 112 to drain. The piston 113 is moved to the left by its spring 118 so as to open the clutch-actuating pipe 145 to drain at 128. The closing of the pipe 114 prevents escape of oil from between the brake-actuating pistons 137, 138, Fig. 3. In braking the vehicle by the engine, the torque on the brake 136 reverses, the pistons 137, 138 both move to the left and a recess 158 in the cylinder 115 allows just sufficient oil to be retained between the pistons 137, 138 to hold the brake 36 on so that the transmission gearing is operative to drive the engine at increased speed. Since the speed control piston is at left, as stated, a low speed ratio is operative and is a high speed ratio when operative from the road wheels to the engine. The ratio braking effect can be regulated by the use of a bleeder 105, Fig. 4, which allows a continuous but limited supply of pressure oil to reach the cylinder 112 from the pipe 94 whatever the position of the valve 108. To reverse the vehicle, the operator simply thrusts the handle 97, Fig. 4, to the left and steps on the accelerator. A servomotor to replace the handle 97 is shown in Fig. 6. When the valve rotor is turned clockwise, the supply pipe 84 is connected to a pipe 101 so that oil enters on the left and pushes a piston 98 to the right bringing the reverse rod 32, Fig. 1, to the ahead position. At the end of the stroke, the oil is passed down a central pipe 104, Fig. 6, whence it passes through the valve to the pipe 94