baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20010051167-A (KR)
Inventor: SAKURAI HIROSHI
IPC: H04N9/28
Filed: 2000-10-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A color cathode ray tube is provided to sufficiently correspond to the increase of a display density of image information and the increase of an angle of deviation for shortening an inner length, by easily overlapping an image drawn by three electron beams on a screen. CONSTITUTION: The screen(11) is substantially flat. A horizontal deflection magnetic field and a vertical deflection magnetic field are substantially the same magnetic field distribution. An orbit of the electron beam at both sides and an orbit of the electron beam in the center when the electron beams are incident on a deflection magnetic field region(10) are almost in parallel. A time difference applied to the timing of a modulation signal is almost uniform in every region on the screen.
Patent KR-20010090017-A (KR)
Title: Optical apparatus for adjusting shaft center between two shafts
Inventor: NAM JIN U
IPC: G01M1/38
Filed: 2000-11-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A light sensing type axial center conforming device for two shafts is provided to observe concentricity and error components of parallelism between two shafts in real time simultaneously and conform the centers of the two shafts with each other with high precision in a short time, wherein the use of a low output light emitting unit is possible since a hollow light refracting unit has no loss of light. CONSTITUTION: A light sensing type axial center conforming device for two shafts includes a light emitting unit(21) positioned in the right center of a sectional surface of a reference shaft(100) for radiating light beams, a collimator lens(23) attached to the reference shaft for converting the incident light beams to parallel light beams, a hollow light refracting unit(22) attached to the reference shaft and formed with a circular slot in the center for passing all incident light beams or remains after refracting the incident light beams partially, a first photosensitive plate(25) attached to the reference shaft to be positioned oppositely to the optical divider in a vertical direction for sensing light beams refracted by the hollow light refracting unit, an insertion mirror(27) attached to a subordinate shaft(200) for reflecting and passing incident light beams partially, and a second photosensitive plate(26) positioned in the right center of the subordinate shaft for sensing light beams passing the insertion mirror.
Patent KR-20020042371-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM CHUNG HWA
IPC: B65D41/08
Filed: 2000-11-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided are a bottle and a cap without a gasket which do not need to have the separate gasket for preventing contents from being leaked so that they reduce cost related to producing and assembling the gasket. CONSTITUTION: The bottle(3) and the cap(4) without the gasket comprise the parts of: the cap which forms a round rim-typed sill(5) at a contact part to meet a rim at the entrance of the bottle and a rim guide(6) to surround an internal rim for contacting the rim of the bottle to the sill exactly; and the bottle wherein the rim of the bottle is contacted and closely placed to the sill of the cap and configured as a concave form.
Patent KR-20010016316-A (KR)
Title: Principle of powerless power generation of infinite electric
Inventor: CHAI YEON SEOK
IPC: H02N11/00
Filed: 2000-12-01
Abstract: PURPOSE: A principle of powerless power generation of infinite electric is provided to generate electricity by destructing magnetic force with an electronic device. CONSTITUTION: The earth, as a huge magnet, prevents excessive accumulation of electricity by converting electric energy comes from the sun to magnetic force and radiating magnetic force into the air. The magnet is not only the means that converts electricity into magnetic force and dumps in the air, but also medium that generates electricity. If human being destruct the magnetic force from the magnet with technical method, we can get infinite energy for free. Because the magnetic force from the magnet is corporate body of electricity, it is wasteful to let the magnetic force radiate. Therefore, we have to take advantage of this magnetic force.
Patent KR-20020043331-A (KR)
Title: Floribunda rose plant named koreistan
Inventor: KORDES MARGARITA
IPC: A01H5/00
Filed: 2000-12-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is Floribunda rose plant named Koreistan, which has orange colored flowers and a gorgeous flower bud shape, as well as disease resistance. CONSTITUTION: Floribunda rose plant named Koreistan is obtained by crossing KORCILMO and KORDABA. It is characterized in that its flower color is orange, its flower bud has a gorgeous shape and a color, its fragrance is mild, its stem has a length of 60-70cm, and shows disease resistance. It can be reproduced by stem cutting, grafting and budding.
Patent KR-20020044407-A (KR)
Title: Burning Device of Radiant Tube Burner
Inventor: CHOI YONG GYU
IPC: F23D11/00
Filed: 2000-12-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: A combustion device is provided to allow the temperature of whole radiant tube to be uniform by installing an air supplying pipe capable of controlling the air supply of a radiant tube burner. CONSTITUTION: A main burner(103) is ignited after a pilot burner(101) has been ignited. Air supplied into the main burner(101) is mixed with ambient air by an air blowing fan(105). The flow rate of air is detected at an orifice(106) and a flow rate control valve(109) controls the flow rate of air. Air is heated at a heat exchanger(110) and supplied into first and second air supplying pipes(104, 301). When air pressure detected at front and rear ends of the orifice(106) is transferred to a flow rate detecting section(108), the flow rate detecting section(108) detects the differential pressure between the front and rear ends of the orifice(106) and sends data to a central processing unit(401). Then, the central processing unit(401) sends a control signal to a control valve(307) installed in the first air supplying pipe(104) so as to supply air through the first air supplying pipe(104).
Patent KR-20020044845-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus for removing pollution matter
Inventor: BAEK DAE HYUN
IPC: B01D47/00
Filed: 2000-12-07
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for the removal of air pollutants such as gaseous air pollutants and particulate air pollutants, including heavy metal and dioxins, is provided. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises an air blower(100) which is installed in exhaust pipe of incinerator(10) and discharges pollutants compulsorily; a transfer pipe(200) of pollutants of which inlet is connected with the air blower and outlet is curved toward the ground; a storage tank(300) which is installed under the transfer pipe; a pump(510) which pumps water in the storage tank; a current water pipe(610) of which inlet is connected with the pump and outlet is connected with inside of the transfer pipe; a filter(400) which is installed at the upper part of the storage tank; a supply device(520) of restrainer which prevents producing of dioxin by fly ash discharged from the exhaust pipe of the incinerator; a transfer pipe(620) of restrainer of which inlet is connected with the supply device of restrainer and outlet is installed inside of the transfer pipe; jet nozzles(710,720) which are installed at the end parts of the current water pipe and the transfer pipe of restrainer. The restrainer is composed of basic compound, sulfur compound or amine.
Patent KR-20010062463-A (KR)
Inventor: BENNING ROGER DAVID
IPC: H04B7/06
Filed: 2000-12-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and a method for enchanting transmission diversity is provided to enhance diversity gain, without lowering data rate by increasing the number of antenna elements for improving S/N of a receiver. CONSTITUTION: A transmission diversity signal processing method uses an antenna array, consisting of a first antenna group(24-1) and a second antenna group(24-2) placed at a distance of about 10 carrier waves set between them, and is used for a radio communication system. In this signal processing method, the first and second plural representative data streams are produced from signals by using the different orthogonal codes(Walsh codes). The first plural representative data streams are encoded(PN code) to shift their phases and then transmitted through the antenna group(24-1) and the second plural representative data streams are encoded(PN code) and transmitted through the antenna group(24-2) respectively.
Patent KR-20020049402-A (KR)
Title: Impact Absorption Apparatus of Hood for Car
Inventor: LEE BYEONG JUN
IPC: B62D25/12
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: A shock absorbing apparatus of a hood for a vehicle is provided to prevent a pedestrian from being injured by buffering with deforming the hood downward in bumping the body of the pedestrian into the hood at a collision. CONSTITUTION: A shock absorbing device of a hood for a vehicle is composed of an operating plate(110) formed in the lower part of an outer panel(2); a moving rod(120) installed in the lower part of the operating plate with a fitting sill(122); a tension spring(130) formed in an inner panel(3) to pull the moving rod down; and an impact detecting lever(140) installed in the lower part of the outer panel, and fixed in the lower part of the outer panel to restrict the downward movement of the moving rod by supporting the fitting sill up. A supporting piece(143) is mounted in the impact detecting lever, and contacted to the fitting sill by a compression spring(142). The pedestrian is protected safely with minimizing impact at a collision.
Patent KR-20020049555-A (KR)
Title: Indicator Lamp Apparatus of Auto Transmission for Vehicles
Inventor: KIM YEONG GWANG
IPC: B60Q3/00
Filed: 2000-12-19
Abstract: PURPOSE: An indicator lamp for an automatic transmission of a vehicle is provided to check the present speed range conveniently and accurately during traveling by evenly radiating light according to each speed range. CONSTITUTION: A selector lever(2) is installed in an indicator housing(1), and connected to an inhibitor switch of an automatic transmission through a cable and a connector(4). A manual shaft is turned in operating the selector lever, and the speed range mode is connected to the range mode of the inhibitor switch. Light is emitted through a character display window(8) with connecting the indicator housing to the transmission. Characters of the display window are connected to light emitting diodes(9), and light emitting diodes are connected to the contact points of the speed range mode of the inhibitor switch controlled by an electronic control unit. The speed range is checked conveniently with evenly emitting light according to each range.
Patent KR-20020049776-A (KR)
Title: Stopper apparatus of tundish
Inventor: WOO GYEONG HOE
IPC: B22D41/00
Filed: 2000-12-20
Abstract: PURPOSE: A stopper of a tundish is provided to prevent vortex of molten steel discharged into an immersion nozzle in the tundish by vertically penetrating a tundish cover so that the stopper is positioned at the direct upper part of the immersion nozzle. CONSTITUTION: The stopper of a tundish comprises a stopper clamping part(2) in which holders(25,25-1) are coupled to or separated from the front end of a stopper frame(21) as the holders(25,25-1) are being rotated around a holder clamping pin(28) by cylinders, and bushes(15,15-1) are built-in the holders(25,25-1) so that the bushes(15,15-1) form a cylindrical shape when they are connected; a rotation driving part(3) in which a speed reducer(26) driven by a motor(27) is fixed onto the upper part of the holder(25-1), and a driving gear(26-2) coupled to a driving shaft(26-1) of the speed reducer(26) is projected to the inner side of the holder(25-1); and a stopper(1) in which vortex of molten steel on the interface of the tundish is suppressed by a vortex prevention ring of the stopper(1) as vortex of the molten steel is being generated by a screw of a screw rod of the stopper(1) which is rotated when a driven gear of the stopper to be engaged with the driving gear(26-2) is driven in the state that a clamping ring of the stopper is built-in the clamped bushes(15,15-1).
Patent KR-20020050670-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for providing realtime information
Inventor: CHO MI HWA
IPC: G06F17/30
Filed: 2000-12-21
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device for providing the real time information and a processing method for the same are provided to make an information user use the diversity and fresh news and information at the desired time by collecting various kinds of information in real time and managing the information by each region/subject/time. CONSTITUTION: The device for providing the real time information comprises a data receiver(10a), a data transferor(20a), a buffer(30a), a controller(40a), a DBMS(DataBase Management System)(50a) and a DB searcher(60a). The data receiver receives various kinds of data transferred from an external terminal, receives the situation information data and a data request message of the information user for the situation information data, and transfers the data and the message to the DBMS. The DBMS classifies the data passed through the buffer into each region and subject, and stores and manages the classified data in a time order. In case of receiving the data request message from the user, the DB searcher extracts the data selected by the user by searching the DBMS in real time and transfers the extracted data to the buffer. The data transferor transfers the extracted data to the user.
Patent KR-20020052051-A (KR)
Title: Method of examination for damaged brick in coke oven
Inventor: KIM GI HONG
IPC: C10B29/06
Filed: 2000-12-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: Provided is a method for checking damaged brick in the combustion chamber of a coke oven capable of checking whether or not damage has occurred and the damaged position thereof by measuring the furnace wall temperature of the combustion chamber. Whereby, the position of damage brick is easily identified and the repair thereof is easily performed. CONSTITUTION: An infrared detecting sensor(20) for measuring the temperature of a furnace wall is connected to a wire(21) taken up and wound up by a motor(22), the wire is connected to a measuring apparatus(30) for collecting the measured temperature from the sensor, determining the temperature change according to a combustion chamber(10) and then displaying, and the infrared detecting sensor measures the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber while moving down to the lower part at uniformed speed through the central part of the inlet(11) of the combustion chamber. By the input of the measured temperature into the measuring apparatus and detection of an abnormality on the basis of the temperature value measured according to a position, the state of a brick in the combustion chamber is determined.
Patent KR-20020051752-A (KR)
Title: A Mounting Structure of Inlet for Oil Reserver Tank
Inventor: LEE SANG YEONG
IPC: F01M11/00
Filed: 2000-12-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: Structure for mounting an injecting port of an oil reservoir tank is provided to improve workability by injecting oil while changing a position of an injecting port by rotationally mounted on a body. CONSTITUTION: Structure for installing an injecting port in an oil reservoir tank comprises a reservoir tank formed on a specific position of a front body; an injecting port(6) rotationally mounted on a specific position of a body(5); a recessed groove formed on the body; a protrusion unit installed on the injecting port; and an oil tank receiving the oil. The injecting port is moved by rotating while injecting the oil into the oil tank. The injecting port is curved to maximize rotational radius of the injecting port. The recessed groove of the body is assembled with the protrusion unit of the injecting port. Thereby, the structure for installing the injecting port in the oil reservoir tank improves workability by injecting the oil while changing the position of the injecting port by rotationally mounted on the body.
Patent KR-20020054753-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM SO HWAN
IPC: B62D65/00
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A rotating table assembly is provided to minimize the shock forces at a rotation starting point and a rotation finishing point by controlling the multi-position rotation of a workpiece via a servo motor. CONSTITUTION: A wheel gear(15) is installed on the upper portion of a rotating housing(9) to support the lower end of a table plate(13). A bevel gear(21) is installed between front and rear support frames(17). The bevel gear is engaged with the wheel gear. A servo motor(25) connected with a drive shaft(19) and a coupling(23) is fixed on a base plate(1). Position sensors(31) are installed on the base plate. The position sensors sense the rotational position of the table plate. If the servo motor rotates for specific times, the bevel gear rotates the wheel gear. The table plate rotates by the rotation of the wheel gear. The position sensors adjust the rpm of the servo motor by sensing the position of a sensing unit(39) of the table plate. A workpiece placed on the table plate is processed after the table plate is rotated in a predetermined angle.
Patent KR-20020055122-A (KR)
Title: PABX for protecting detecting synchronization signal of multiflexed signal packet transmitted from other PABX
Inventor: PARK HAN JUN
IPC: H04M3/32
Filed: 2000-12-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: An exchange system for preventing a synchronous detection of a multiplex signal stream transmitted from an external exchange system is provided to solve a problem caused by a unconditional detection of a synchronous signal when the transmission processing speed differs, in communication between exchange systems, thereby preventing the fault operation in communication between the exchange systems. CONSTITUTION: An external exchange system(20) performs a line encoding of TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic) type multiplex signal stream with the HDB3(High Density Bipolar 3) method and then transmits the result to an exchange system(30). A transmission signal receiving unit(11) of the exchange system(30) recovers polarity and negative data of NRZ(Non Return to Zero) type by a unit of 1024Kbps in the transmitted multiplex stream. The recovered data is recovered as the TTL type by the line decoding unit(12) according to the rule of the HDB3 method, but on the other hand the recovered data is inputted to an error detecting unit(14). The error detecting unit(14) discriminates that there is an error within the incoming multiplex signal stream when the recovered data is matched to one among predetermined conditions.
Patent KR-20010021722-A (KR)
IPC: C23C14/34
Filed: 1998-07-01
Abstract: 본 발명은 반응 소결 작용을 사용하여 알루미늄 화합물 또는 실리사이드, 고 압력 파우더, 그리고 스퍼터링 타겟과 같은 물질을 생성하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20010021916-A (KR)
Title: 고형분 함량이 높은 코팅을 위한 히드록시-관능성 올리고머
IPC: C08G63/42
Filed: 1998-07-16
Abstract: 올리고머 자체가 3급 산 에스테르 말단기 (I) 및 (II) (식중, R 1 , R 2 및 R 3 는 독립적으로 CH 3 및 CH 2 OH로 부터 선택됨)의 1종 이상을 결합제중의 20 중량% 이상으로 함유하고, 자동차 투명 코트 또는 안료를 칠한 탑코트로서 적합한, 분지형 히드록시-관능성 폴리에스테르 올리고머 및 경화제를 포함하는 고형분 함량이 높은 코팅 조성물.
Patent KR-20010022562-A (KR)
IPC: C07C47/02
Filed: 1998-08-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 산화제를 사용하여 3,3-디메틸부탄올로부터 3,3-디메틸부티르알데히드를 제조하는 방법을 제공한다. 본 발명의 한 구체예에서, 기상의 3,3-디메틸부탄올을 산화시키는 금속산화물 화합물과 접촉시킴으로써 3,3-디메틸부티르알데히드로 산화시킨다. 또다른 구체예에서, 용매내에서 3,3-디메틸부탄올을 자유라디칼인 2,2,6,6-테트라메틸-1-피페리디닐옥시 및 산화제로 처리하여 산화시켜서 3,3-디메틸부티르알데히드를 제조한다. 본 발명의 방법으로 실용적인 3,3-디메틸부티르알데히드의 상업적 실시방법이 제공된다.
Patent KR-20010031555-A (KR)
Title: 복막 투석용 휴대용 연동 펌프
IPC: A61M1/10
Filed: 1998-10-30
Abstract: 보행중의 복막 투석 전달 시술을 위한 펌프 조립체는 고용적 연동 펌프(100)를 구동하도록 연동된 휴대용 전원(120)을 포함한다. 상기 펌프의 카세트(250)는 용기 내에 위치되는 내측부분을 포함하는 튜브(140), 내재하는 복막 투석 카테터 에 접속하기 위한 환자측 부분(160) 및 보유를 위한 시스템에 접속가능한 대향측 부분(150)을 포함하는 용기(200)와, 상기 내측 부분을 통해 용액을 선택적으로 차단 및 연통시키기 위한 안전 밸브(260)와, 환자쪽으로 유동하는 복막 투석액으로부터 공기 및 미립자를 여과하고 여과되지 않은 투석액을 환자로부터 실질적으로 자유롭게 배출하는 환자측 부위를 따라 양호하게 배치되는 필터를 포함한다.
Patent KR-20010033910-A (KR)
Title: 제위치의 웨이퍼 세정 프로세스
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 1998-12-28
Abstract: 저압에서의 제 위치의 웨이퍼 세정 프로세스 및 장치는, 저압 화로와 조합된 저압 외부 연소 반응기가 할로겐 탄화수소 및 산소를 연소시킴으로써 연소 생성물의 스트림을 생성하는 것을 특징으로 한다.     연소 생성물은 저압 화로에서 반도체 웨이퍼와 접촉하여 Ⅰ군 및 Ⅱ군 금속을 제거한다.     세정을 위한 충분한 시간이 경과된 후, 연소 반응기 및 화로는 불활성 가스로 세정되어 연소 생성물을 제거한다.     바람직한 실시예에서, 할로겐 탄화수소는 트란스-1,2-디클로로에틸렌이며, 연소 생성물은 기상 염산이다.
Patent KR-20010043771-A (KR)
Title: Ｐｓｔｎ 가입자용 스펙트럼 감시
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 1999-05-19
Abstract: 본 발명은 PSTN 회선을 거주지 또는 사업소에 있는 전화기, 핸드셋, 컴퓨터, 팩시밀리 및 기타의 최종 사용자 인터페이스나 가전 장치에 접속하는 시스템을 제공한다. 본 발명에 의한 시스템은 별형 토폴로지의 중심을 형성하고 RF 링크를 통해 와이어리스 액세스 유닛 및 핸드셋과 통신하는 네트워크 제어 유닛을 포함한다. 와이어리스 액세스 유닛은 전화기, 팩시밀리, 컴퓨터 모뎀 또는 기타의 장치를 수용하기 위해 예컨대 표준 전화기 잭과 같은 인터페이스를 특징으로 한다. 또한, 예컨대 직렬 포트와 네트워킹 인터페이스를 비롯해서 다른 물리적 인터페이스와 가상 인터페이스를 갖는 와이어리스 액세스 유닛은 컴퓨터 또는 기타의 장치를 수용할 수도 있다. 또한, 와이어리스 액세스 유닛은 ISDN 또는 기타의 디지털 표준을 수용할 수 있는 디지털형일 수도 있다. 또한, 와이어리스 제어/감시 액세서리는 네트워크 제어 유닛과 통신하게 사용될 수도 있고, 출입 감시, 아기 감시, HVAC 제어 및 기타의 서비스와 같은 부가 기능을 제공할 수도 있다. 이러한 시스템은 다양한 해당 대역을 감시하고, 이러한 대역에서의 신호 또는 잡음과 관련된 정보에 의한 동작을 처리, 기억 및 변경하며, 원한다면, 다양한 목적을 위해 이러한 정보 업스트림을 관리 노드에 보고한다.
Patent KR-20010071547-A (KR)
IPC: E02F9/16
Filed: 2000-04-18
Abstract: 록기구(32)를 긴 구멍(37)과 걸어맞춤홈(39)을 가지는 슬라이드판(36)과,   콘솔(24)에 설치한 록핀(41)으로 구성하여 슬라이드판(36)을 운전석(7)측에 설치한 2개의 지지핀(34)에 의해 긴 구멍(37)을 거쳐 슬라이드 가능하게 지지한다.  그리고 걸어맞춤홈(39)을 록핀(41)에 걸어맞춤으로써 콘솔(24)을 조작위치에 록한다.  또 승강용 레버(29)를 조작하였을 때에는 푸시풀케이블(43)에 의해 인장스프링(42)  에 저항하여 슬라이드판(36)을 뒤쪽으로 슬라이드하여 록핀(41)로부터 걸어맞춤홈  (39)을 벗겨낸다.  이에 의하여 콘솔(24)은 가스스프링(28)에 의해 조작위치로부터 튀어오름 위치로 위쪽으로 회동한다.
Patent KR-20010071614-A (KR)
Title: 유기성 폐기물의 처리방법 및 처리설비
IPC: C05F9/04
Filed: 2000-04-27
Abstract: 본 발명은 음식물쓰레기와 같은 유기성 폐기물의 처리방법 및 처리장치에 관한 것으로, 유기성 폐기물을 단기간에 능률좋게 분해처리하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 처리장치는 마굿간바닥 폐기물(3)과 유기성 폐기물(6)이 투입되는 처리조(2)와, 마굿간바닥 폐기물(3)과 유기성 폐기물(6)을 혼합하는 교반장치(4)와, 처리조(3)안에 공기를 보내는 송기장치(5)를 구비하고 있다. 유기성 폐기물(6)은 마굿간바닥 폐기물(3)에 생식하고 있는 말의 대변균군에 의해 분해된다.
Patent KR-20010025593-A (KR)
Title: Internet Board Multimedia Advertising Business Model
Inventor: JOO TAE HYUN
Filed: 2001-01-10
Abstract: PURPOSE: The business model for advertising by a moving picture using a bulletin board is provided to reduce a user's rejection for an advertisement and to increase a hit rate of an advertisement by connecting to an advertising site directly and posting various media data using a moving picture. CONSTITUTION: A bulletin board URL database saves the data by XML. A multimedia contents file is combined with script(Jscript, Vbscript, Javascript), a flash file, and a shockwave file. An advertisement is pushed to a bulletin board of each home page using an ASP application for pushing.
Patent KR-20020060425-A (KR)
Title: The FED equipped with gear-type spacer
Inventor: JANG BO UNG
IPC: H01J1/30
Filed: 2001-01-11
Abstract: PURPOSE: A field emission display is provided to minimize charge accumulation or discharge caused due to the triple junction occurred during contact between the spacer and the upper or lower plate of the device, while improving efficiency for vacuum exhaust. CONSTITUTION: A field emission display comprises a spacer(330) contacting an upper plate(310) deposited with a phosphor(311) and a lower plate(320) having an emitter(321), wherein the spacer has a lower end portion shaped as a gear such that the spacer contacts the lower plate in a point-contact manner. The lower portion of the spacer is coated with a metal. The lower plate has a groove formed at the portion where the lower end portion of the space is to be positioned. The groove is formed by removing the cathode electrode of the lower plate such that the glass substrate of the lower plate is exposed.