Patent GB-1030651-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to hydraulic drum brakes
IPC: F16D65/22
Filed: 1963-02-13
Abstract: 1,030,651. Internal shoe drum brakes. S.A. FRANCAISE DU FERODO. Feb. 13, 1963 [Feb. 13, 1962], No. 5914/63. Headings F2E and F2F. An internal shoe drum brake comprises a pair of shoes applied by a cylinder having primary and secondary pistons of different diameters which act respectively on the two shoes and are arranged in coaxial bores in the cylinder, the large piston having a tail rod slidable within a ring which in turn can slide to a limited extent in a bore of the small piston, so as to divide the cylinder into two pressure chambers which are supplied by separate hydraulic circuits. The hydraulic system, Fig. 1, comprises a master cylinder having three pistons 15, 16, 17 secured to a common rod operated by a pedal 14. Pistons 15, 16 are shown as being of the same size so that the space between them merely provides communication between a reservoir 21 and a pressure comparing and secondary generating device 22, via a rocker type reservoir valve, but piston 16 may be slightly larger than piston 15 if desired. Piston 17 is dimensioned such that equal volumes of fluid are delivered from chambers 18g, 18d via pipes 23g, 23d to the primary chambers of the left and right hand wheel cylinders, reservoirs 20g, 20d and associated rocker valves supplying the respective chambers. The pressure in the two pipes are equalized by the device 22 by acting on opposed differential pistons which at the same time generate a corresponding reduced pressure in a pipe 24 leading via pipes 25g, 25d to the secondary chambers of the left and right hand wheel cylinders. Each wheel brake comprises shoes 33, 34, Fig. 2, engaging at one end a floating spreader 47 incorporating an adjuster 48, 49, with which they are held in contact by a spring 50, and, via push-rods 56, the primary and secondary pistons, respectively, of the applying cylinder 31. The shoes are positioned axially by pads 38 of resilient material, against which they are pressed during application by a slight deliberate misalignment of the push-rods 56, and during release by axially extending tension springs 42 resiliently anchored at 43 and acting via a U-shaped release spring 39, which is connected at 40 to the shoe webs and bears against the spring 50, a retaining plate 46 on the back plate preventing spring 39 from jumping away from the spring 50. An adjusting cam 51 is provided for the leading shoe 33 of the servo-shoe arrangement and is arranged to prevent lateral movement of the shoe end, lateral movement of the corresponding end of shoe 34 being prevented by a slotted piston insert 62. The cylinder and piston arrangement may take various forms. That shown in Figs. 2, 6 and 7 comprises a cylinder adjustably secured to the back plate and having connections for the pipes 23g, 25g and a stepped bore to receive primary and secondary pistons 70, 75. A tail 79 on the piston 75 has a seal 83 sliding within a ring 82 in turn sliding in the small diameter bore portion, a head portion 88 of the ring co-operating with the step of the bore and with a stop ring 87 to limit its movement. A spring 90 between the head 66 of piston 75 and an annular abutment 106 normally retains head 88 against the step and piston 75 in a position such that a stop ring 109 in the piston engages the abutment. The pipe 25g is connected to chamber 92. The other pipe 23g communicates with chamber 91 between the ring 82 and the primary piston 70 which has a tail 72 sliding in a bore 81 in tail 79, bore 81 communicating via passages 74 with chamber 91. When high and low pressure fluid is supplied, respectively, to the chambers 91, 92, piston 70 moves out from a seat 100 to apply the primary shoe. In the forward direction of rotation of the brake drum piston 75 tends to be urged inwardly by the secondary shoe but this is resisted by the pressure in chamber 92 and by the spring 90. In the reverse direction of rotation the primary shoe tends to move the piston 65 inwardly and the rise in pressure in chamber 91 moves the ring 82 until head 88 engages the ring 87, so that the shoes are repositioned, the spring 90 cushioning this movement. The abutment 106 may be dispensed with (Fig. 8, not shown) in which case the spring 90 acts directly on the head 88, a stop ring being then fitted on the tail 79 to entrain the ring 82 when the brake is applied in the reverse direction of rotation. In a modified arrangement, Fig. 9, the passages 74 are omitted and, instead, a passage 103 connects the space 102 between the tails of the two pistons with the low pressure chambers 92, a seal 101 isolating space from the high pressure chamber. As a result, should one primary pressure circuit fail the secondary pressure will act on both pistons to give better braking under such conditions in the forward direction of rotation. The arrangement may be modified slightly so that the stop ring 87 can be dispensed with, as shown in Fig. 11. In this embodiment a second cylinder 118 replaces the spacer 47, the second cylinder having a single piston 119 of stepped form, an abutment 140, and balancing springs 137, 142. Low pressure fluid is tapped off from the chamber 92 of the first cylinder via pipe 136 to the second cylinder. Adjusters 114 are provided in association with both cylinders, and adjusting cams 51a engage both shoes 33, 34. Conventional return springs 39a, 39b replace the U-spring 39. In a further modification (Fig. 14, not shown) similar to that of Fig. 11 the spring 142 and abutment 140 are omitted, the shoulder 134 limiting movement of piston 119 to the left.