baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-491291-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in ice trays and the like freezing containers
IPC: F25C1/24
Filed: 1938-01-14
Abstract: 491,291. Flexible unjointed hinges. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION. Jan. 14, 1938, No. 1305. Convention date, Jan. 16, 1937. [Class 65 (ii)] [Also in Group XIII] A removable grid of a domestic ice-making tray 9 comprises metal sections connected together by elastic hinges to permit relative movement between the sections in all directions by twisting, bending or stretching to release the frozen ice blocks. The intermediate sections 21, Fig. 3, are Z-shaped, with a middle hinge socket 24 at one angle and end sockets 22, 23 at the other angle, to mate with corresponding sockets on adjacent similar sections or on L-shaped end sections 11, 12. The sockets are preferably non-circular and rubber hinge pins 30 are employed and inserted by stretching. Round sockets and pins may be used if the fit is tight enough to prevent slip. Clearances 25, Fig. 2, are provided between the socket portions to permit flexure of the grid, and the pivots are secured in position by bending over tabs 26 at the ends of the sockets.
Patent GB-836896-A (GB)
Title: Process for carrying out telomerisation reactions
IPC: C07C17/275
Filed: 1957-01-14
Abstract: In a continuous process for the preparation of telomers of olefines such as ethylene, propylene, hexene, octene, or styrene by reacting with halogen-containing telogens such as halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. carbon tetrachloride and chloroform or halogen derivatives of cyanogen, e.g. cyanogen chloride, or aldehydes in the presence of free-radical forming catalysts the hydrogen halide formed in the reaction as a secondary product is removed from the circulating olefine by means of substances which do not act on the telogen or on the olefine.  Elevated temperatures and pressures, e.g. up to 250 DEG  C., and between 20 and 1000 atmospheres, respectively, may be used and the circulating gas is preferably cooled in stages, in the first of which the liquefied telogen is separated and in the second the olefine is cooled and the free hydrohalic acid absorbed by solid substances showing an alkaline reaction, preferably moist calcium oxide.  An example describes the use of calcium oxide as hydrochloric acid absorber, in the reaction of cyanogen chloride on ethylene to form a telomer which is rectified to yield b -chloro-propionic acid nitrile, d -chloro-n-valeronitrile, w-chloro-n-enanthic acid nitrile, w-chloro-n-pelargonic acid nitrile, w-chloro-n-undecanic acid nitrile and higher w-chloronitriles. Specification 836,897 is referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0836896/IV (a)/1> In a continuous process for the preparation of telomers of olefines such as ethylene, propylene, hexene, octene, or styrene by reacting with halogen-containing telogens such as halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g. carbon tetrachloride and chloroform or halogen derivatives of cyanogen e.g. cyanogen chloride or aldehydes in the presence of free radical forming catalysts the hydrogen halide formed in the reaction as a secondary product is removed from the circulating olefine by means of substances which do not act on the telogen or on the olefine.  Elevated temperatures and pressures e.g. up to 250 DEG  C. and between 20 and 1000 atmospheres respectively, may be used and the circulating olefine is cooled in stages, in the first of which the liquefied telogen is separated and in the second the olefine is cooled and the free hydrohalic acid absorbed by solid substances showing an alkaline reaction, preferably moist calcium oxide.  An example similar to that in Specification 836,897 describes the use of calcium oxide in hydrochloric acid absorption containers 9, in the reaction of cyanogen chloride on ethylene to form a telomer which is rectified to yield b -chloro-propionic acid nitrile, chloro-n-valero-nitrile, chloro-n-enanthic acid nitrile, chloro-n-undecanic acid nitrile, and chloro-n-undecanic acid.
Patent GB-889157-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in condensing surface structures particularly for use in distillation apparatus
IPC: B01D5/00
Filed: 1960-01-14
Abstract: <PICT:0889157/III/1> <PICT:0889157/III/2> In a distillation apparatus in which a condensible vapour, e.g. steam, is supplied to one surface of a barrier of good heat conductivity, the distilland being distributed in the form of a thin film on the other surface of the barrier, the surface to which the vapour is supplied is fluted vertically in such a way that the valleys of the undulations form narrow grooves, for the run-off of condensate, and the crests of the undulations are large in comparison with the valleys, preferably at least twice as large, the purpose of the arrangement being to effect efficient heattransfer through the barrier.  A typical undulation is shown in Fig. 3, in which a relatively narrow valley 5 is formed between relatively extensive crests 4.  Mathematical formulae are given in the Specification whereby suitable dimensions for the valleys and the crests can be computed in any particular case, the dimensions depending on, inter alia, the latent heat of condensation of the vapour and the density, viscosity and surface tension of the condensate.  Fig. 4 shows the application of the invention to a compression apparatus suitable for the distillation of sea-water. The sea-water is supplied by pipe 12 to a distributer 13 which spreads it as a film over the inner surface 2 of a cylinder 1, the distribution being assisted by wipers 17 mounted on an axial shaft 14 rotated by a motor 15.  The distillation residue is discharged through pipe 29, and the vapour rising from the surface 2 passes through passages 20 in the distributer 13 to a compressor 10, which delivers it to the space between the cylinder 1 and an outer cylinder 27.  The outer surface of the cylinder 1 is fluted as described above, and condensate flows down the grooves to a discharge pipe 28.
Patent GB-157774-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of very hard metallic alloys capable of withstanding breakage for tools and the like
IPC: C23C8/02
Filed: 1921-01-10
Abstract: 157,774. Lohmann, H. Dec. 7, 1918, [Convention date]. Alloys.-Hard alloys for tools and other purposes are made by combining silicon and boron free from carbon and oxygen with one or more metals such as iron, tungsten, titanium, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, examples containing (1) equal proportions of silicon, boron, and tungsten, and (2) 50 parts of silicon, 50 parts of boron, and down to 5 parts of tungsten, being referred to. The materials may be melted in a carbon crucible, any carbon taken up by the product being subsequently removed, or in a crucible lined with the most difficulty fusible constituent metal. The hardness of the product may be increased by mechanical working.
Patent GB-422017-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in multicolour screens for use with colour-record lenticular films
IPC: G03B33/10
Filed: 1934-01-16
Abstract: 422,017. Filters for colour photography. OPTICOLOR AKT.-GES., Glarus, Switzerland. Jan. 16, 1934, No. 1599. Convention date, Jan. 20, 1933. [Class 98 (ii)] Band filters for use in conjunction with high intensity arc lamps for projecting colour-record lenticular films have the zone of greatest average length coloured red, the other zones being coloured green and blue. In the case of a three band filter the central zone is the largest and is red. Impermeable strips may be placed between the bands, or the areas of the bands delineated by a diaphragm either of rectangular form or as shown in the Figure. To determine the average length of a zone bounded by curved edges, the zone is divided into a number of elementary strips, the total length of which divided by the number of strips is taken as the average length.
Patent GB-651798-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electrical actuators for aircraft
Inventor: WOODFORD CHARLES GEORGE ALFRED
IPC: B64C25/24
Filed: 1948-01-19
Abstract: 651,798. Screw - and - nut actuators. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO., Ltd. Jan. 19, 1948, No. 1633. [Class 78 (iii)] [Also in Groups XXIV, XXXIII and XXXVII] A screw jack actuator is driven alternatively by a main and an auxiliary electric motor which operate respectively on two of the three main components-sun-wheel, planet-wheel carrier and annulus-of an epicyclic gear, the third component being geared to the mechanical part of the actuator. The main motor drives the sun-wheel 7 through a friction clutch and a speed-limiting device and since the annulus 19 cannot revolve, it being restrained by the braked auxiliary motor 22 and the gear train 15-19, the planet-wheel 6 rotates causing the carrier 5 to drive, through the gear train 4-3-2, a screw jack spindle 1 of the actuator. In an emergency the auxiliary motor 22 is energized together with its electromagnetic brake 21 and the electromagnetic brake of the main motor, normally free, is braked whilst the auxiliary motor, normally braked, rotates and drives, through a speed-limiting device 20 and the gear train 19-18-17, a pinion 16 meshing with internal teeth 15 on the annulus 9 causing the annulus to rotate in the needle bearings 10. As the sun-wheel 7 is held stationary by the main brake motor the planet-wheel 6 will rotate and be displaced taking the carrier 5 with it and applying to the spindle 1 substantially the same torque as normally applied by the main motor. In another embodiment, Fig. 2, Provisional Specification (not shown), the auxiliary motor drives the planet-wheel carrier and the annulus drives the screw jack spindle. A circuit diagram (see Group XXXVIT), is given in Fig. 3 (not shown) for a reversible motor and a unidirectional auxiliary motor having separate supplies.
Patent GB-1378746-A (GB)
Title: Electrical lead through devices
IPC: H01B17/30
Filed: 1972-01-13
Abstract: 1378746 Lead-through insulator DEFENCE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 13 Jan 1972 [13 Jan 1971] 1646/71 Heading H2C An electrical lead-through device comprises a conducting rod 33 having an enlarged region 41 forming a shoulder 40. Around the rod is a hollow insulating member 50 which abuts against shoulder 40, and which also has an enlarged portion 44 against which abuts threaded bush 48. The member 50 is held in place by nut 56 and washer 55; an 0-ring 54 sealing the joint at the end remote from nut 56. Member 57 screws on to threaded portion 37 of rod 33. A connecting member 67 abuts against member 61 and is held in electrical contact with rod 33 by cap 69. A heat shield 82 and a cooling bore 1 may be provided. In use (see Fig. 2, not shown), the bush 38 is inserted into a hole in the wall of a housing with the end 42 on the inside and connected to an appliance, whilst the member 67 is connected to the supply. Materials for the conducting ports may be silver-plated copper, stainless-steel, rhodium-flashed copper, beryllium copper and silver-plated brass. The non-conducting parts may be of epoxy glass or ceramics material. The device may be used to carry electricity to an r.f. heater in a pressurized crystal-growth apparatus.
Patent GB-570739-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for regulating the feed of a controlled supply of fuel oil to engines running mainly on producer gas
IPC: F02D19/10
Filed: 1944-01-31
Abstract: 570,739. Facilitating starting. COX, E. A., and MILLWOOD, P. Jan. 31, 1944, No. 1749. [Class 7 (v)] In an engine normally running on producer gas and having an injection of fuel oil to facilitate starting, the supply of oil is reduced as engine speed increases by movement of a piston C exposed on one side to engine suction through a pipe B, a spring D returning the piston to its normal position when suction diminishes or ceases. An adjustable stop K limits the degree of closing.
Patent GB-659315-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide with hydrogen
IPC: B01J23/78
Filed: 1949-01-24
Abstract: The synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds from CO and H2 is effected with a catalyst comprising an iron oxide reduced to between 5 and 50, preferably 10-25, per cent of complete reduction and containing between 0.5 and 5 per cent of an alkali metal promoter.  This reduction corresponds to an oxygen content of the catalyst of about 26-14, preferably 25-21 per cent.  Fluidized operation is preferred, using catalysts of about 20-200, preferably 30-100 microns particle size.  Iron oxide may be ground to about 30 microns or less, reduced with hydrogen, and then sintered to form particles of desired size or the oxide may be graded into different sizes which are separately reduced. Data are given showing that the catalysts have an activity equivalent to that of conventional catalysts of a higher degree of reduction while carbonization is less.  In examples, pyrites ash or a fused mixture of natural and synthetic magnetite, promoted with potassium carbonate or nitrate, is reduced with hydrogen at 850-930 DEG  F. for different times to yield catalysts of the desired degree of reduction.ALSO:A catalyst for the synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds from CO and H2 comprises an iron oxide reduced to between 5 and 50, preferably 10-25 per cent, of complete reduction and containing between 0.5 and 5 per cent of an alkali metal promoter.  This reduction corresponds to an oxygen content of the catalyst of about 26-14, preferably 25-21 per cent. Fluidized operation is preferred, using catalysts of about 20-200, preferably 30-100 microns particle size.  Iron oxide may be ground to about 30 microns or less, reduced with hydrogen, and then sintered to form particles of desired size or the oxide may be graded into different sizes which are separately reduced.  Data are given showing that the catalyst have an activity equivalent to that of conventional catalysts of a higher degree of reduction while carbonization is less.  In examples, pyrities ash or a fused mixture of natural and synthetic magnetite, promoted with potassium carbonate or nitrate, is reduced with hydrogen at 850-930 DEG  F. for different times to yield catalysts of the desired degree of reduction.
Patent GB-761052-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to fire extinguishers
Inventor: GODDING ARTHUR EDWIN
IPC: A62C13/00
Filed: 1953-01-22
Abstract: 761,052. Forcing liquids by gaseous pressure. PYRENE CO., Ltd. April 22, 1954 [Jan. 22, 1953], No. 1937/53. Class 102(2) [Also in Group XXI] In a fire-extinguisher in which liquid is expelled from a container 2 by gas under pressure and in which the gas is produced when an acid bottle 14 is broken or a gas bottle is perforated by forcing in a plunger, the plunger 10 comprises a rod 24 having a reduced lower portion 26 to provide an annular passage communicating with vents 34 in a bore 8 in which the plunger slides. When the plunger is forced inwards, the interior of the container 2 is cut off from atmosphere by the rod 24 engaging with a gland or O-ring 36. The plunger may be held in its outer position by a circlip 30. In a modification, the O-ring is carried by the plunger.
Patent GB-1137971-A (GB)
Title: Method of forming a surface of revolution
Inventor: BERGHAHN WALTER GEORGE
IPC: B21D22/18
Filed: 1966-01-14
Abstract: 1,137,971. Spinning sheet metal. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 14 Jan., 1966, No. 1963/66. Heading B3J. A method of spinning a workpiece, e.g. an antenna dish 16, without using dies, comprises supporting the workpiece about its periphery, rotating the workpiece and forming it by an element 26 guided for movement towards the workpiece and also towards the axis of rotation. The workpiece may be secured by clamps 18 to a ring 12 supported on the turn-table 10 of a boring mill, and may be formed by a roller 26, the trailing section of which cold works a part of the workpiece already formed by a leading section of the roller. Vertical movement of the tool is controlled by a template 30 and horizontal movement by lead-screw 34.
Patent GB-589752-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to low-temperature electrically heated prefabricated building components
IPC: E04C2/52
Filed: 1945-01-25
Abstract: 589,752. Electrically heated building components. UNITY HEATING, Ltd., and OHR, W. Jan. 25, 1945, No. 2037. [Class 39 (iii)] A pre-fabricated building component comprises electric heating elements 3 of the type wherein a resistance is located between two sheets of material adhesively secured together, the said elements being sandwiched between two external layers 1, 2 of rigid material such as asbestos cement secured together by a frame 5. and arranged to interlock with similar building components which may not include heating elements to form a wall or partition. The components may have two elements with a thermal insulating layer 4 such as mineral wool therebetween, or alternatively a single element secured to one external layer 1 with or without an insulating layer between the said element and the other external layer 2. Specifications 469,744 and 584,067 are referred to.
Patent GB-577956-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to containers for liquid fuels
IPC: B65D37/00
Filed: 1942-02-06
Abstract: 577,956. Containers for liquid fuel. GRIFFITHS, G. A., and IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, Ltd. Feb. 6, 1942, No. 2057/43. Divided out of 577,951. [Class 140] [Also in Group XXIX] A liquid fuel container particularly one designed to minimize leakage when pierced, e.g., by a bullet has its fuel-retaining wall formed from a flexible sheet comprising one or more layers of fabric or other porous material coated and/or impregnated with a composition containing a cellulose derivative and a polyhydric alcoholpolycarboxylic acid resin in which the polycarboxylic acid is an aliphatic dibasic acid of the general formula COOH (CH,)n . COOH where n may be any integer between 4 and 8 inclusive. An outer protective coating of sponge rubber or other resilient material swellable by hydrocarbon fuel may be applied. The flexible sheet may be a single fabric layer with the composition on the inside, or two fabric layers may be bonded together by the composition, or three layers of fabric, the middle layer of which is biased may be bonded by the composition. In the last two modifications an interior coating of composition may be applied. Other multiple arrangements may also be adopted. The sheet material may be assembled round a collapsable former and the coating may be applied as a solution in an organic solvent. The cellulose derivative may be nitrocellulose or cellulose-acetate and the alkyd resin may be the condensation product of glycerin and adipic acid, and the ratio of cellulose derivative to resin may be between 2:1 and 1:3 by weight. A plasticizer additional to the resin which is not leached out by hydrocarbon fuel, such as glyceryl diacetate monolactate may also be used. Specification 553,020 is referred to.
Patent GB-1064112-A (GB)
Title: Yarns and their production
Inventor: GUTHRIE JOHN CHARLES
IPC: D02G1/18
Filed: 1963-01-17
Abstract: A spun yarn contains regenerated cellulose fibres possessing, among them, three or more different values of potential shrinkage. The values, all within the range of 0 - 25%, differ by at least 5 units of percentage and may extend over equal proportions of the fibres. Before or after the yarn is woven into a fabric, it is treated - as by relaxing in boiling water followed by drying without tension - to shrink the fibres by their different values and thereby develop bulk effects.  The mixed fibre yarn may result from drafting and spinning three or more separate slivers each of fibres having one of the values, or from stapling &c., a single tow of filaments having the values along the length or across the width of the tow.  The different values are produced by different and/or varied conditions of wet and hot or cold stretching of regenerated cellulose filaments.
Patent GB-555422-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to tubulous heat exchangers
IPC: F28F27/02
Filed: 1942-02-18
Abstract: 555,422. Air heaters. BABCOCK & WILCOX, Ltd., and EVANS, R. H. Feb. 18, 1942, No. 2161. [Class 64 (iii)] In an air heater having one or more air inlets 5 at the sides and end of a casing traversed by a bank of hot-gas tubes 2, one or more tube-free spaces 11 project partly across the tube bank, the walls of the spaces serving to distribute the flow of the air over the tubes. Triangular or rectangular plates, 14, 15, 16 of different lengths and spaced from the sides of the casing conduct the air inwardly for distribution over the whole of the tubes. A controlled part of the air may be led by ducts 12 into the top of the tube-free spaces, from the bottom of which it flows agai into the main stream.
Patent GB-965911-A (GB)
Title: Method of and apparatus for capping and sealing containers with film material
Inventor: MEISSNER WILLIAM EMIL
IPC: B67B3/00
Filed: 1961-01-19
Abstract: 965,911. Packaging; capsuling bottles. FMC. CORPORATION. Jan. 19, 1961, No. 2255/61. Headings B8C and B8T. Closures are applied to containers or bottle tops by forming a bubble of tacky material, bringing the article to be closured in contact with the bubble and causing relative movement between the bubble and article to tear the former and wrap part of it about the article. In one embodiment for capping an opentopped container 18, the container is fed by a belt 10 and rotating arm 19 into a U-shaped clip 21 on a turntable 12. A bubble 30 is formed by means 27, 28 and inflated into contact with a ring 31 against which it is held by suction through apertures 33. The turntable raises the container into contact with the bubble (shown dotted) and rotates through 180 degrees, breaking the bubble and wrapping part of it, 34, about the container mouth. The turntable descends and the container is pushed on to a discharge conveyer 11. The remains of the bubble is swept by an arm 41 clear of the means 27, 28 and beneath a waste withdrawal nozzle 44. A duplex machine is shown which is adjustable for various container heights. In another embodiment for capping bottles, Figs. 5, 6, a bubble 53 is blown into a ring 50 by means 51, 52 and bottles 54, 55 are pressed into it from opposed sides and rotated, the bubble burst - ing to form a double thickness capsule 56. A modification (Figs. 7, 8, not shown) comprises a point which bursts the bubble in the ring to form a double thickness film stretching across it, into which the bottle top is thrust and rotated. The bubble forming means may be as described in U.S.A. Specification 2,872,766. Many examples of bubble forming materials including vinyl resins and neoprene are given.
Patent GB-574602-A (GB)
Title: Improved stripping tool for electric cables
IPC: H02G1/12
Filed: 1944-02-08
Abstract: 574,602. Cable strippers. KARASEK, W. C. Feb. 8, 1944, No. 2284. [Class 36] A cable stripper comprises a U-shaped spring blade A with inturned ends, the blade being actuated on one side by a pivoted lever B having a sliding thumb-piece J, an adjustable stop F regulating the penetration of the blade ends. The length of the cut-off is adjusted by a sliding graduated bracket L. The member J may be slid into a retaining bracket K. The stop F engages a gauge-stop E having sides of different depths, additional stops E being provided. The insulation is severed by twisting the wire or the tool.
Patent GB-497696-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of elastic fabrics
Filed: 1938-01-24
Abstract: 497,696. Coated fabrics. SCHWARZT, F. F., and CHAVANNES, M. A. Jan. 24, 1938, No. 2307. Convention date, Jan. 26, 1937. Addition to 482,679. [Class 140] Consists in providing the fabric with an adherent, temporary backing which renders the composite sheet capable of receiving and retaining impressions, deforming the sheet to bring selected portions of the fabric into relief and thereafter applying a latex such as rubber latex, in the manner described in Specification 482,767, to the relief portions of the fabric. The temporary support may consist of paper, a layer of fibrous material or a plastic substance or a mixture thereof, or a layer of paste or size, e.g. soluble starch paste ; an intermediate layer of soluble material may be interposed between backing and fabric. After embossing and application of the latex, the temporary backing is removed. In an example a backing of paper is secured to the fabric by means of starch paste, and is subsequently removed by moistening with water to which diastase has been added.