baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent EP-0192035-A3 (EP)
Title: Process for the pre-esterification of free fatty acids in raw fats and/or oils
IPC: C11C3/00
Filed: 1986-01-13
Abstract: A process for reducing the free fatty acid content of fats and oils by esterifying the free fatty acids with a lower monoalcohol in the presence of an acidic cation exchange resin as a solid esterification catalyst.
Patent EP-0225653-A3 (EP)
IPC: E01C23/22
Filed: 1986-10-24
Abstract: Das Markierungsfahrzeug ist mit einer Farbspritzpistole (10) und 
einer Perlstreuvorrichtung (4) ausgerüstet. Die 
Verbindungsleitungen (9, 3) zwischen Farbspritzpistole (10) und 
Farbtank (7) sowie zwischen Perlstreuvorrichtung (4) und 
Perlbehälter (1) weisen einen ultraschalleitenden Rohrabschnitt (5, 
11) auf, an dessen Aussenwand je ein Ultraschall-Messkopf 
                             (6, 12) zur Durchflussmessung nach dem 
Doppler-Prinzip befestigt ist. Die Ausgangssignale dieser 
Messköpfe werden in einer Rechenschaltung (13, 14, 15), unter 
Verwendung eines die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit repräsentierenden 
Signals (18a), in Ausgangssignale (24, 23) umgewandelt, welche direkt 
die Schichtdicke der verlegten Farbe und die gestreute 
Perlmenge je Wegeinheit angeben. Ausserdem werden sie auf 
Anzeigegeräten (21, 20) angezeigt und in einem Registriergerät (22) 
laufend oder intermittierend aufgezeichnet. Auf diese Weise stehen 
sowohl dem für die Markierung Verantwortlichen als auch der 
kontrollierenden Behörde schriftliche Aufzeichnungen über die 
verlegten Farb-und Perlmengen zu Verfügung, wodurch bisher 
erforderliche umständliche Eigenüberwachungsprüfungen und 
Kontrollprüfungen entfallen können.
Patent EP-0196855-A3 (EP)
IPC: A61K31/495
Filed: 1986-03-25
Abstract: The use of tioconazole, econazole, clotrimazole, ketoco­
nazole, miconazole, butaconazole or a pharmaceutically 
acceptable acid addition salt of any of these for the 
manufacture of a medicament for the prevention of sexually 
transmitted diseases or control of herpetic infections.
Patent EP-0224336-A3 (EP)
IPC: G03B7/16
Filed: 1986-10-27
Abstract: A system for displaying ranging information in 
alphanumeric form in a photographic apparatus such as a 
camera is described. The system comprises a sonar-type 
range finder (20) for transmitting ranging energy toward 
a subject to be ranged; a distance decoder module (50) 
for deriving a range signal by measuring a characteristic 
of reflected or non-reflected ranging energy from the 
subject; a seven segment decoder (60) for converting the 
range signal into a subject range display signal which 
facilitate displaying the subject range in alphanumeric 
form; and an LED display (64) for displaying the range 
display signal in alphanumeric form. Preferably, the 
range display signal is displayed in the viewfinder of 
the apparatus.
Patent EP-0235529-A3 (EP)
IPC: H04Q3/62
Filed: 1987-01-20
Abstract: Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung besteht darin, 
daß zentral angeordnete Freisprechregeleinrichtungen (FRE) 
von dem in der Vermittlungsanlage vorhandenen Koppelfeld (KF) 
in jede Fernsprechverbindung einschaltbar sind. Die 
Zuschaltung einer Freisprechregeleinrichtung in eine 
Fernsprechverbindung geschieht durch eine vom Teilnehmer­
apparat (T) abzugebendes, über die Teilnehmerleitung zur 
Fernsprechvermittlungsanlage übertragenes Signal, das 
von einer zentralen oder teilzentralen Steuerung ausge­
wertet wird. Jede Freisprechregeleinrichtung ist wie 
ein Teilnehmer oder wie ein Verbindungsweg mit dem 
Koppelfeld verbunden.
Patent EP-0232820-A3 (EP)
Title: Thioethers, process for their preparation and medicaments containing them
IPC: C07D257/06
Filed: 1987-01-31
Abstract: Thioethers of the formula I 
<IMAGE>
 in which
 Ar denotes a phenyl radical, which may optionally be substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkanoyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, nitro, amino or halogen,
 A denotes a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C8-alkylene radical, which may optionally be substituted by a hydroxyl group,
 n denotes the number 0, 1 or 2,
 B denotes a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C8-alkylene radical and
 R denotes 5-(1H)-tetrazolyl 
<IMAGE>
 CN, SCN, OH, halogen, 5-(1H)-tetrazolylthio 
<IMAGE>
 where
 R1 represents hydrogen, alkyl which may optionally be substituted by cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl, where the aromatic moiety may be substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkanoyl, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, nitro, amino and halogen,
 and their pharmacologically tolerable salts are used for controlling allergic diseases.
Patent EP-0260476-A3 (EP)
IPC: H01S5/042
Filed: 1987-08-21
Abstract: Lasers differing in emission wavelengths are 
disclosed monolithically integrated in a common sub­
strate providing positive index guiding of adjacent 
lasers. The lasers and the substrate together pre­
sent a planar semiconductive surface.  
     The monolithically integrated laser struc­
ture is formed by providing laterally offset channels 
in a planar substrate surface and selectively deposi­
ting cladding and active layers in the channels, with 
the composition of at least one of the cladding and 
active layers in one channel differing from that in 
another.
Patent EP-0287731-A3 (EP)
IPC: G01N33/52
Filed: 1987-04-30
Abstract: A dry test strip, for the detection of analytes in 
liquids containing red blood cells, typically whole blood, 
comprises a detection zone containing reactant system that 
can generate a unique signal in the presence of an analyte 
wherein RBC in the test fluid are prevented from entering the 
detection zone by a barrier comprising a polysaccharide 
material. The unique signal generated by the reagent system 
in the detection zone is visualized through the carrier strip 
opposite the barrier layer.
Patent EP-0247783-A3 (EP)
Title: Method of refractory metal deposition
IPC: H01L23/52
Filed: 1987-05-20
Abstract: A laser induced direct writing pyrolysis of a refractory 
metal or metal silicide on substrates is described. Typical reac­
tants comprise flowing WF₆, MoF₆ or TiCl₄ with SiH₄ and an 
inert gas, such as Argon. A preferably substrate surface is a 
polyimide film. The refractory metal film may comprise low 
resistivity W, M, or Ti, or silicides thereof, having a predeter­
mined resistance depending on the relative ratio of reactants. 
The invention is useful, inter alia, for repair of defective circuit 
interconnects, and formation of interconnects or resistors on 
substrates.
Patent EP-0249472-A3 (EP)
IPC: F25B1/00
Filed: 1987-06-11
Abstract: The system (1) includes a pre-cooler heat ex­
changer (4) for cooling the refrigerant hot gas from the com­
pressor (2) before entering the condenser (3) to render the entire 
evaporator (6) more effective for refrigeration purposes. The 
heat exchanger (4) for pre-cooling the hot gas has one passage 
through which the hot gas flows and another passage, in heat 
exchange relation therewith, which is connected to receive a 
small flow of liquid refrigerant bled off from the main stream 
of the liquid refrigerant which refrigerant passes through an 
expansion valve or capillary tube (55) to vaporize so that the re­
frigerant hot gas is sub-cooled by the latent heat of vapor­
ization of the vaporizing refrigerant. This heat exchanger (4) is 
located between the compressor and the condenser. The flow of 
the vaporized refrigerant used for cooling in the heat exchan­
ger (4) is connected to the return flow of vaporized refrigerant 
flowing from the evaporator (6) to the compressor (2). This heat ex­
changer (4) may be used alone or in combination with a direct ex­
pansion liquid refrigerant pre-cooler (5).
Patent EP-0259180-A3 (EP)
IPC: H01R13/646
Filed: 1987-09-04
Abstract: A circuit protection device that can be incor­
porated into a coaxial cable connector for protecting 
the circuit from a voltage transient, comprises an 
annulus 11 that has a central aperture for receiving a 
central conductor, e.g. pin, of the connector. The 
annulus is electrically insulating and has a central 
electrode 12 for connection to the connector pin and a 
peripheral electrode 14 for connection to the connector 
housing and the coaxial cable screen. A portion of the 
electrodes overlie each other and are separated from 
each other by a layer of semiconductor switching 
material 16. For example, a chalcogenide glass 
switching material 16 may be evaporated onto a small 
projecting area 15 of the central electrode, followed 
by a small circular area 17 of copper, and the depo­
sited copper area 17 may be wire bonded to the rest of 
the peripheral electrode 14 by wire bridge 18.  
     In use, the switching material 16 will immediately 
change to a low resistance state when the coaxial cable 
is subjected to a voltage transient in order to protect 
the circuit, and will then revert to its high 
resistance state.  
     Connectors incorporating such devices are also 
described.
Patent EP-0274186-A3 (EP)
IPC: B01D3/18
Filed: 1987-09-30
Abstract: A bubble cap tray enabling efficient mass 
transfer over a wide range of vapor-liquid flowrates 
comprising bubble caps having triangular-shaped 
openings of substantially equal total area disposed 
in rows distant from the inlet and proximate the 
inlet wherein the bubble caps in rows distant from 
the inlet experience a substantially equal liquid 
head across the tray and the bubble caps in rows 
proximate the inlet experience a lesser liquid head 
than the bubble caps in the rows distant from the 
inlet.
Patent EP-0265371-A3 (EP)
IPC: C08F8/44
Filed: 1987-09-08
Abstract: Plastisole und Organosole mit verbesserter Lagerstabilität, die 
bei verhältnismässig niedrigen Temperaturen geliert werden kön­
nen, bestehen aus einer Dispersion aus Carboxylgruppen-halti­
gen, feinteiligen Polymeren, die mit mehrfunktionellen, basi­
schen Substanzen umgesetzt sind, und Weichmachern. Als basische 
Substanzen zur Umsetzung können basische Metallverbindungen 
mehrwertiger Metalle, insbesondere die Metallsalze von schwa­
chen Säuren, oder mindestens bifunktionelle Aminverbindungen 
verwendet werden. Diese Plastisole eignen sich besonders zur 
Beschichtung temperaturempfindlicher flächiger Körper, aber 
auch für den Einsatz als Dichtungs- und Klebemassen sowie zur 
Herstellung von Formkörpern.
Patent EP-0273885-A3 (EP)
Title: Blind structure with wing or sliding or book opening, provided with either fixed or orientable strips
IPC: E06B9/04
Filed: 1987-12-29
Abstract: The blind structure comprises a body (1) for locating the blind strips,which is adapted for coupling to a section member and is arranged on the uprights of the blind frame,the body being provided with grooves (5) for housing blind strip bearing plug members (10),inserted into the longitudinal end portions of the blind strips (15),a rack bar (22) being engaged in the body (1) and meshing with a toothed segment (12) arranged on the inner side of the blind strip bearing plugs,there being moreover provided an operating handle for driving the rack bar (22) in order to rotate the blind strips (15).
Patent EP-0280915-A3 (EP)
IPC: A61P31/04
Filed: 1988-02-05
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft topisch anwendbare Zubereitungen, 
die als Wirkstoffe zur Gruppe der Gyrase-Inhibitoren 
zählende antibakteriell wirksame Verbindungen der Formel 
  
in welcher R¹, R², R³, X und A die in der Beschreibung 
angegebene Bedeutung haben, und ein Kortikosteroid oder 
mehrere Kortikosteroide enthalten.
Patent EP-0284893-A3 (EP)
Title: Neue Thieno-imidazo(2,1-b)thiazol-Derivate, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese enthaltende pharmazeutische Präparate
IPC: C07D513/14
Filed: 1988-03-16
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft neue Thienoimidazo(2,1-b)thiazolderivate der Formel 
  
in der  
A zusammen mit den beiden Kohlenstoff-Atomen des Imidazolrings eine Gruppe 
der Formel 
  
bildet,  
R₁ Wasserstoff, C₁ - C₄ Alkyl, Halogen oder CF₃,  
R₂ Wasserstoff, Halogen oder CF₃ und  
R₃ Wasserstoff oder C₁ - C₄ Alkyl bedeuten und, für den Fall, daß R₃ 
Wasserstoff bedeutet, ihre pharmazeutisch verwendbaren Salze, ein Verfahren 
zur Herstellung dieser Verbindungen und deren Anwendung zur Behandlung von 
Krebs oder rheumatischer Arthritis, hervorgerufen durch ein defektes Immun­
system.
Patent EP-0302251-A3 (EP)
IPC: G03C1/34
Filed: 1988-07-07
Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material 
is disclosed, which is improved in increased light-­
sensitivity and lowered fog. The photographic material has 
at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing a 
silver halide chemically sensitized in the presence of a 
compound represented by the followinf formula 1.  
Formula (I)  
    (X)n - Q - (S - Y)m  
wherein X represents a water-soluble group; Q represents an 
organic m+n valent group; Y represents a hydrogen atom, an 
amidino group, or an atom or a group of atoms capable of 
forming a monovalent cation, and m and n each represent an 
integer of 1 or 2.
Patent EP-0324095-A3 (EP)
IPC: B29C48/21
Filed: 1988-12-01
Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer 
kunststoffbeschichteten Trägerleiste. Dabei ist eine Schaum­
stoffschicht im wesentlichen gleichmäßiger Dicke und im we­
sentlichen gleichmäßiger Dichte aus einem geschlossenzelligen 
Schaum aus polymerem Werkstoff auf die mit einem Haftver­
mittler versehene Trägerleiste aufgebracht. Die Schaumstoff­
schicht besteht aus einem weich eingestellten, flexiblen Po­
lymeren. Zwischen die Schaumstoffschicht und die Trägerleiste 
ist im gleichen Arbeitsgang mit der Erzeugung der Schaum­
stoffschicht auf die Trägerleiste eine im Querschnitt profi­
lierte Ausgleichsschicht aus einem ungeschäumten, polymeren 
Werkstoff aufgebracht.
Patent EP-0321776-A3 (EP)
Title: Resilient data communications system
IPC: G06F11/20
Filed: 1988-12-06
Abstract: A communication data system is designed for resiliency 
by automatically replacing or bypassing defective units. The 
system includes a number of input/output terminals which are 
connected to MODEMs through a relay bank. The MODEMs send 
serial data to a serial I/O module which converts the serial 
data to bytes which it places on a VMEbus. A network 
processor sends the data from the VMEbus to a general purpose 
computer which places the data into the communications 
network. A general purpose computer or a back-up general 
purpose computer may detect a defective communication link 
and automatically switch to a back-up network computer, or 
cause a control module to switch the relay module to a spare 
MODEM and spare SIO. The control module may also generate a 
remote line test to the link between the MODEM and the 
terminal to determine if that link is defective.
Patent EP-0297679-A3 (EP)
Title: Calcium-iron mineral supplements
IPC: A23L1/304
Filed: 1988-06-29
Abstract: Nutritional mineral supplements comprise a mixture of a calcium source, especially calcium citrate-malate, and an iron-sugar complex, especially iron sucrate-malate. Food and beverage compositions, especially juice beverages, supplemented with these calcium and iron materials are disclosed.
Patent EP-0311220-A3 (EP)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the treatment of multi-phase systems
IPC: B03B7/00
Filed: 1983-10-17
Abstract: Multi-phase systems are treated to enhance separability of at 
least one phase by establishing the multi-phase system in pre­
determined relation to a transducer (24) and subjecting the so 
established system to at least two vibratory disturbances which 
differ from one another so as to thereby form respective wave 
trains at different frequencies within the audio frequency range 
and thus establish a beat frequency difference, said one phase being 
thereby separated from the other phase(s).  
     The expression "multi-phase systems" includes solid-solid systems 
such as mixtures of solid particles and also fluid characterised 
systems such as colloidal dispersions, suspensions and emulsions.
Patent EP-0298615-A3 (EP)
IPC: F04B43/073
Filed: 1988-06-13
Abstract: In a double-diaphragm pump in which non-return 
valve means (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) controlling the flow of the fluid being 
pumped are housed in a centre section (10) between two end 
sections (2) of the pump body, the centre section (10) comprises 
two parts which respectively provide two axial end walls (14, 15) 
of the centre section (10), one of said parts having a 
portion projecting from its axial end wall and providing 
said valve seats and one of said parts having an 
enclosing portion which encloses said axially projecting 
portion and forms a seal with the other part, said 
parts being axially separable and the arrangement being 
such that when the parts are separated, ready access to 
the valve seats and valve members is provided.
Patent EP-0302731-A3 (EP)
Title: Conductive primer for plastics or conductive primer surfacer paint and coated plastics molded products
IPC: C08J7/044
Filed: 1988-08-04
Abstract: An electrically conductive coating composition is 
useful for a primer or a surfacer paint for a plastic 
article, in particular one having a small polarity on the 
surface, and comprises (A) a polyurethane, (B) a 
spiro-ortho-ester resin of the ring-opening expansive 
property, (C) a cellulose derivative, (D) a 
hydroxy-containing surfactant and (E) an electrically 
conductive material.
Patent EP-0326046-A3 (EP)
Title: Production of human epidermal growth factor
IPC: C12N1/21
Filed: 1989-01-21
Abstract: The present invention provides a recombinant DNA which comprises 
a human EGF-encoding DNA linked to the 3′-terminal of a promoter region-­
containing DNA, said promoter region being derived from  Bacillus brevis , a 
transformant of  Bacillus brevis  having a recombinant DNA which comprises 
a human EGF-encoding DNA linked to the 3′-terminal of a promoter region-­
containing DNA, and a method for producing human EGF which comprises 
(a) cultivating said transformant in a culture medium, (b) producing and 
accumulating human EGF in a culture broth, and (c) recovering human EGF 
from the culture borth.  
     The method for producing human EGF according to the present 
invention permits mass production of human EGF at high efficiency while 
stably maintaining the human EGF-encoding DNA in the transformant.
Patent EP-0337459-A3 (EP)
Title: Platinum complex, process for preparing same and antitumor agent
IPC: C07F15/00
Filed: 1989-04-13
Abstract: A platinum complex represented by the formula: 
  
wherein R¹ is a (C1 - 18) alkyl group, a (C1 - 18)-­
alkenyl group or a group 
ZR⁴ in which Z is -CH=CH- 
or a (C1 - 5)alkylene group, and R⁴ is a phenyl group, a 
hydroxyphenyl group, a (C7 - 12)alkoxyphenyl group, a 
halogenophenyl group, a nitrophenyl group, or (C8 
- 13)alkoxycarbonylphenyl group, a cyclohexyl group 
having a (C1 - 5)alkyl substituent, 
  
R² is hydrogen or a (C1 - 18)alkyl group, R³ is hydrogen 
or a (C1 - 3) alkyl group, or R² and R³ are linked 
together to form a (C2 - 7)alkylene group; the dotted 
line indicates that the bond may be either a single bond 
or a double bond; the chain line indicaztes a conjugated 
system; the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane moiety has a cis-, 
 
 
trans-ℓ- or trans-d-configuration; and Y is an anion. 
This platinum complex is useful in the treatment of 
tumors.
Patent EP-0345677-A3 (EP)
IPC: B23Q7/00
Filed: 1989-06-03
Abstract: A pallet magazine (100) for setting a plurality of 
pallets (101) including a column (110) and a plurality of swing 
units (150) mounted on the column. A turntable (103) as driven 
about a horizontal axis (112) and including a plurality of 
rails (104) for receiving the pallet (101). An indexing member (121) 
securing the turntable (103) at a desireb position.
Patent EP-0351759-A3 (EP)
IPC: C08F2/48
Filed: 1989-07-17
Abstract: Es wird ein Verfahren zur Fixierung einer anorganischen 
Spezies in einer organischen Matrix beschrieben, das 
dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man eine Verbindung der 
Formel MR n , in welcher M ausgewählt ist aus 
Nebengruppenmetallen, Lanthaniden, Actiniden, Al, Sn, B, 
Si und sich die Reste R durch einen Komplexbildner 
verdrängen lassen, mit einem Komplexbildner in Kontakt 
bringt, wobei der Komplexbildner über eine funktionelle 
Gruppe verfügt, die an einer Polymerisations- oder 
Polykondensationsreaktion teilnehmen kann. Nach der 
Komplexbildung wird vorzugsweise zunächst eine Hydrolyse 
und Kondensation durchgeführt, woran sich eine 
Polymerisation oder Polykondensation anschließt.
Patent EP-0355806-A3 (EP)
Title: Process for the manufacture of mixtures of ether carboxylic acids
IPC: C07C51/367
Filed: 1989-08-23
Abstract: There is disclosed herein improved processes 
for the preparation of mixtures of alkali metal salts 
of 1-hydroxy-3-oxa-1,2,4,5-pentane tetracarboxylate 
and alkali metal salts of 3,6-dioxa-1,2,4,5,7,8-octane 
hexacarboxylate wherein D,L-tartaric acid is employed 
and recovered by lowering the pH of the reaction median 
to within the range of from about 7 to about 9.5. 
At the reduced pH calcium D,L-tartrate precipitates 
and is easily separated. The recovered tartrate may 
be recycled to the synthesis reaction to prepare 
further product.
Patent EP-0393239-A3 (EP)
Title: Polysiloxanes with pendant sterically hindered phenol moiety connected to the silicon atom via a carbonyloxy-containing link
IPC: C08G77/38
Filed: 1989-09-15
Abstract: The present invention relates to 
polysiloxanes containing pendant sterically hindered 
phenol moieties. The compounds are represented by 
the general formula MD x D′ y M.
Patent EP-0363928-A3 (EP)
Title: Electrophotographic photoreceptor
IPC: G03G5/05
Filed: 1989-10-11
Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising 
a support having provided thereon at least one photo­
conductive layer containing at least inorganic photo­
conductive particles and a binder resin, wherein the 
binder resin comprises  
(A) at least one resin having a weight average 
molecular weight of from 1 × 10³ to 2 × 10⁴ with at least 
one substituent selected from (i) 
-PO₃H₂, (ii) -SO₃H, (iii) -COOH, 
  
wherein R 
represents a hydrocarbon group or -OR′, and R′ represents 
a hydrocarbon group, (v) -SH, (vi) a phenolic hydroxyl 
group, and (vii) a cyclic acid anhydride-containing 
group, the substituent being bonded to one or both of the 
terminals of the main chain thereof, and  
(B) at least one copolymer resin comprising a 
monofunctional macromonomer and a monomer, said mono­
functional macromonomer having a weight average molecular 
weight of not more than 2 × 10⁴, said macromonomer 
containing at least one polymerization component 
represented by formula (b-2) or (b-3): 
 
 
  
wherein X₀ represents -COO-, -OCO-, -CH₂OCO-, -CH₂COO-, 
-O-, -SO₂-, -CO-, 
  
wherein R₁ 
represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Q₀ 
represents an aliphatic group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms 
or an aromatic group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; b₁ 
and b₂, which may be the same or different, each 
represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano 
group, a hydrocarbon group, or -COO-Z or -COO-Z bonded 
via a hydrocarbon group, wherein Z represents a 
hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted 
hydrocarbon group; and Q represents -CN, -CONH₂ or 
  
wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen 
atom, an alkoxyl group or -COOZ′, wherein Z′ represents 
 
 
an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, 
with a polymerizable double bond-containing group repre­
sented by formula (b-1) being bonded to only one of 
terminals of the main chain thereof, 
  
wherein V has the same meaning as X₀; and a₁ and a₂, 
which may be the same or different, each has the same 
meaning as b₁ and b₂,  
and said monomer is represented by formula (b-4): 
  
wherein X₁ has the same meaning as X₀; Q₁ has the same 
meaning as Q₀; and c₁ and c₂, which may be the same or 
different, each has the same meaning as b₁ and b₂. The 
photoreceptor exhibits excellent electrostatic character­
istics, image formation as well as printing suitability 
irrespective of variations in environmental conditions or 
the kind of sensitizing dyes used in combination with the 
photoreceptor.