Patent GB-156142-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of dispersoids, colloid powder and masses therefrom
IPC: B01J13/00
Filed: 1920-12-31
Abstract: Cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate are disintegrated between surfaces having very rapid movement (for instance by means of apparatus described in Specification 155,836) in the presence of a large quantity of a non-solvent which acts as a dispersion medium. The presence of a small quantity of soap, or of a substance in which the colloid dissolves or swells is preferable. According to an example, an acetone-soluble cellulose ester is disintegrated for several hours with xylene and a small quantity of acetone.  The solvent is then removed in any suitable way, such as evaporation and a fine cellulose ester powder results which may be used for varnishes &c. or may be moulded together with fillers such as resins, asphalts, caseins, starch &c.  Xylene may be replaced by benzene and its homologues, benzine, petroleum, turpentine &c., and acetone by chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketone, glycols, alcohols, esters &c.  The Specification contains disclaiming references to Specifications 156,149 and 156,150, [both in Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.].ALSO:Glue, starch, dextrin, gum, &c. are disintegrated between surfaces having very rapid movement (for instance by means of the apparatus described in Specification 155,836, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], in the presence of a large quantity of non-solvent which acts as dispersion medium.  The presence of a small quantity of soap, or of a substance in which the colloid dissolves or swells is preferable.  According to an example gelatine is dispersed in alcohol with the addition of a small amount of neutral soap.  The gelatine is then coagulated by means of acids &c. and may be sold as a paste or the alcohol may be removed by vacuum distillation and a gelatine powder produced. With addition of suitable fillers it may be moulded. Instead of alcohol, benzene, benzine, petroleum, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, oils &c. may be used.  The Specification contains disclaiming references to Specifications 156,149, [Class 95, Paints &c.], and 156,150, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.].ALSO:Colloid materials are disintegrated between surfaces having very rapid movement (for instance by means of the apparatus described in Specification 155,836), in the presence of a large quantity of a non-solvent which acts as a dispersion medium.  The presence of a small quantity of soap, or of a substance in which the colloid dissolves or swells, is desirable in some cases.  The products are in suspensoid form or closely resemble it, and may be obtained finally as powder or paste or mixed with fillers and pressed into any shape required.  According to examples gelatine is dispersed in alcohol, soap being added, and the alcohol finally evaporated off from the disperse gelatine.  Benzene, benzine, petroleum, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, or oils may be used in place of alcohol.  The gelatine may be rendered insoluble in water by action of tannin, formaldehyde, chromates, salts of aluminium &c., at any suitable stage.  Other colloids such as glue, agar agar, tragacanth, gum, starch, dextrin, carragheen moss, yeast, casein, albumen, phenol condensation products, rubber, may be similarly treated.  Anhydrous protein may be dispersed in benzine.  Formaldehyde, tannin, or other coagulating agent may be added or coagulation obtained by heat. Alcohols, ketones, benzene, xylene, &c., chlorinated hydrocarbons may be used as the disperse medium, and haemoglobin, casein, yeast, starch, meal, &c., can be used in place of protein. Acetyl-cellulose ester or nitrocellulose ester may be dispersed in xylene and acetone or dichlorhydrin or tetrachlorethane. Resins, asphalts, water insoluble caseins, starch, albumen, yeast, &c., can be added to the product.  Xylene may be replaced by benzene, benzine, petroleum, turpentine, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones, glycols, alcohols, esters, &c. can be used as accelerators.  Water can be used as dispersion medium for insoluble colloids.  Specifications 156,149 and 156,150 are referred to.ALSO:Casein, albumen, yeast, haemoglobin, meal &c. are disintegrated between surfaces having very rapid movement, (for instance by means of apparatus described in Specification 155,836) in presence of a large quantity of a non-solvent which acts as a dispersion medium.  The presence of a small quantity of a substance in which the colloid dissolves or swells is desirable. According to an example, anhydrous protein is dispersed in benzine and the solvent removed by distillation under reduced pressure at a temperature not exceeding 30 DEG  C., to obtain a protein powder. The protein is rendered water-insoluble at any suitable stage by addition of formaldehyde, tannin, &c.  Instead of benzine, alcohols, ketones, benzene and its homologues, or chlorinated hydrocarbons may be used in many cases.  Specifications 156,149 and 156,150, [both in Class 70, India-rubber &c.], are referred to.