baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-983262-A (GB)
Title: Refining of sugars using aqueous alcohols
IPC: C13B30/12
Filed: 1962-06-08
Abstract: Sugar is refined by contacting raw sugar such as "mill white", "cane raws", "beet raws", with a solution of water and 50-90% alcohol the ratio of raw sugar to alcohol being 1:0.4 to 1:1, whereafter the molasses film is removed from the sugar crystals, and the clean sugar crystals are recovered from the remaining sludge.  Sucrose may be added to retard dissolution of the sugar crystals and a suitable solution contains by weight 15-20% sucrose, 20-30% water, 50-65% alcohol, and temperature between 20  DEG C. and 40  DEG C. Alternatively or additionally the raw crystals may be dissolved in a hot alcohol/water/sucrose solution, the temperature controlled up to 150 degrees by addition of benzene and boiling under pressure. The clean sugar is recovered from the sludge by known methods, e.g. decantation or centrifuging. The aqueous alcohol may be recovered and re-used after clarification.  The sugar crystals are recovered from the dissolution process by crystallization.  Higher saccharides, proteins and waxes may be recovered from the sludge of both processes and aqueous syrup may be recovered from the mother liquor after distillation to remove alcohol.  Suitable alcohols for the process are one or a mixture of methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 2-methoxy-ethanol and 2-ethoxy-methanol and glycols.  For highly refined sugar both the washing and dissolution process may be used.
Patent GB-1422012-A (GB)
Title: Valve apparatus and method
IPC: F16K3/20
Filed: 1973-04-11
Abstract: 1422012 Valves M H GROVE and J M E GROVE [trading as M & J DEVELOPMENT CO] 11 April 1973 22336/75 Divided out of 1422011 Heading F2V The subject matter is as disclosed in Specification 1,422,011 but includes in addition means whereby the loading device 21 can be manually actuated by a hand pump 111.
Patent GB-227149-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to flash illumination
IPC: H05B31/00
Filed: 1923-09-05
Abstract: 227,149. Kapitza, P., and Heath, Sir H. F. Sept. 5, 1923. Arc lamps; low-pressure metallic-vapour apparatus.-An arc lamp or mercury-vapour lamp is operated by a storage battery of the kind described in Specification 226,857, [Class 53, Galvanic batteries], capable of giving a current of several thousand amperes for a fraction of a second, so as to produce momentary flashes of high candle-power. In the system shown the battery 5 is connected through a rheostat 3 and ammeter 4 to the terminals 1, 2 of a supply system. One electrode 6 of the arc lamp is connected to one pole of the battery and the other electrode 7 is connected to the other pole through a switch 8. The electrode 7 is also connected to the terminal 1 through a resistance 9. While the switch 8 is open, the battery is being charged and a weak arc is maintained. When the switch is closed the battery is discharged through the arc, producing a flash. The switch preferably comprises a laminar pole formed of a number of yoke-shaped copper strips secured together side by side. The electrodes are of carbon and are preferably electroplated. The leads thereto may be ¢ to 1 sq. cm. in crosssection. Where a mercury vapour lamp is used the container should be a thick quartz tube. The battery circuit is preferably broken before complete discharge to prevent sulphating. To effect this the main switch, which falls under the action of a strong spring to close the circuit, mechanically operates during its fall a trigger releasing a strong spring which effects the opening of the second switch. The interval between closure and opening of the circuit may be controlled by regulation of the link mechanism connecting the first switch with the trigger. The second switch may be coupled with a fuse wire which performs the actual break.
Patent GB-1275325-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to nickel containing mixed metal catalysts
IPC: B01J25/02
Filed: 1970-05-08
Abstract: 1275325 Producing nickel-molybdenum alloy SIEMENS A G 8 May 1970 [10 May 1969] 22466/70 Headings C7A and C7D A mixed catalyst of 71% Ni and 29% Mo (MoNi 4 ), for manufacturing fuel cell electrodes is produced by leaching out the Al, e. g. using alkali metal hydroxide solution such as 6N-KOH, from an alloy of composition MoNi 2  A1 9  (i.e. 21% Mo, 25À8% Ni and 53.2% Al) which has been homogenized by tempering, e.g. at 500-1100‹C. The optimum catalyst composition MoNi 4  is achieved by electro-chemical oxidation by polarization to at least 100 mV e.g. 100-150 mV, or chemical oxidation e.g. by air, O 2  or H 2  O 2  of the catalyst. Prior art is disclosed of isolating the known homogeneous ternary phase, MoNi 3  from an alloy containing 50% Al, 15% Mo and 35% Ni, Prior to activating by leaching, the homogenized alloy may be comminuted to grain size below 50 Á (screened out).
Patent GB-369508-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric change-over switches more particularly for use in wireless and like apparatus
IPC: H01H21/02
Filed: 1931-08-10
Abstract: 369,508. Mechanical switches without quick-action. IDEAL WERKE AKT.- GES. FœR DRAHTLOSE TELEPHONIE, 97, Grosse Leegestrasse, Hohensch÷nhausen, Berlin. Aug. 10, 1931, No. 22545. Convention date, Sept. 25, 1930. [Class 38 (v).] Contacts.-A switch particularly for use with wireless appara tus, comprises an in sulating base 1 having mounted upon it spring contacts 6 . 10, 11, 12. It is pro vided with an insu lating contact-arm 5 carried by an opera ting-spindle 2 a n c having at one end a contact-bar 4 and at the other a spring contact 3. The con tacts are so mountec on the base that when the contact-arm is first rotated the contacts 6, 7 are connected by the bar 4, and contacts 11, 12 by the spring 3. On further rotation, the arm assumes its second position in which contacts 11, 12 are released and contacts 6, 8, 9, 10 are connected together by the bar 4. Each base contact, Fig. 4, consists of a spring attached to the base at 14 and having a bent round contact portion 15 projecting through a hole in the base, the end 17 preventing excessive flexure of the spring. A connecting lug 16 projects through the base at the other end of the contact. The movable spring contact 3 comprises a bent over spring having a struck up tongue 19 on one limb which presses a ball 13, carried in a recess in the contact limb, into engagement with recesses in the base to define the positions of the switch.
Patent GB-371254-A (GB)
Title: Nut lock
IPC: F16B39/10
Filed: 1931-08-10
Abstract: 371,254. Locking nuts. BODMER, K., Hausen, Zurich, Switzerland. Aug. 10, 1931, No. 22578. [Class 89 (i).] The nut 6 is locked to the bolt by the cap 5 which has the same shape as the nut and has a tongue 4 entering a longitudinal groove in the bolt. The cap is secured to the nut by two tongues 9 which engage a circumferential groove in the nut.
Patent GB-159239-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of bricks, blocks, slabs, tiles, or the like, for paving or building or other purposes
IPC: C08L95/00
Filed: 1919-09-13
Abstract: 159,239. Hughes, C. M. C., Brown, A. E., and Hill-Jones, Ltd., T. Sept. 13, 1919. Making bricks, building and paving blocks, slabs, and tiles.-The component materials in a granular or powdered state together with a filler, if necessary, and a binder such as bitumen or pitch are mixed cold, or at a temperature below that required to flux the binder, with oil, tar, water, or a chemical solution into a sufficiently plastic state to enable them to be moulded into shape by pressure. The moulded blocks &c. are then heated first to dry out the water, and subsequently to a greater degree to flux the binder. Both the filler and the binder should be ground in the dry state before being mixed with the other materials. The drying may be carried out in a tunnel-drying arrangement which may be heated by the products of combustion of a coke furnace. The blocks are cemented together by the use, in a hot and fluid condition, of materials such as' those employed as the binder. The filler, the bitumen or pitch, and the oil and tar where such are used may be melted together, then allowed to cool and harden, and be ground into a finely divided state before being mixed with the main body of material. A suitable composition is 60 parts by weight of clinker or slag, 27 parts of limestone dust, 10 parts of bitumen, and 3 parts of creosote oil.
Patent GB-1470852-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of alkyl benzenes
IPC: C07C1/22
Filed: 1974-05-21
Abstract: 1470852 Alkylbenzenes by hydrogenating ketones and alcohols SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV 21 May 1974 [23 May 1973] 22686/74 Heading C5E Alkylbenzenes are prepared by hydrogenolysis of phenyl alkyl ketones and/or phenyl alcohols (in which the Ph and OH groups are attached to one carbon atom) by contact, at above 175‹ C. in the gas phase in the presence of H 2 , with a supported group VIII noble metal catalyst at a space velocity of 2-200 l./kg./hour. The catalyst support may be alumina. Examples describe the preparation of ethylbenzene from methylphenylketone, 1-phenylethanol and mixtures thereof.
Patent GB-676593-A (GB)
Title: Stylus structure for electrical recorders
IPC: G01D15/02
Filed: 1950-09-15
Abstract: 676,593. Recording-apparatus. BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION. Sept. 15, 1950 [Oct. 3, 1949], No. 22761/50. Class 106 (iv). Recording-apparatus comprises a stylus support movable through a path parallel to a recording-surface and supporting a rotatable drum having a length of stylus wire wound thereon and having one end extending tangentially from the drum past guide means on the support which support the stylus laterally in recording relation with the surface. The invention is shown applied to depth-sounding apparatus of the type described in Specification 608,513, wherein stylus supports are carried by a ring which is rotated at constant speed so that a number of stylii repeatedly traverse a moving record strip. Each stylus support 15, Fig. 2, comprises a sheet-metal plate member 22 curved to conform to the inner face of the ring 14 and preferably provided with flanges 22a and held by a screw 23 which also supports a drum 25 whose inner end face 25a is convex to conform to the curvature of the plate 22. A spring washer 26 frictionally retains the drum 25 in set position. The stylus comprises a spring wire 27 wrapped around the periphery 25c of the drum 25, one end of the wire extending tangentially through a guide 22c, which may be formed by pressing out a small section 22d of the plate 22, and thence between a pair of guide washers 28, 29 on a screw 30 near the rear edge of the ring 14. The turns of wire 27 on the drum are embedded in a plastic matrix 31, Fig. 4, which may be formed by applying a solution of ethyl cellulose in acetone to a drum formed of a solid phenolic plastic material, this will hold the turns in position but will allow the wire to be drawn off clean leaving the plastic adhering to the drum. The end 27a of the stylus may be anchored in a hole 25d in the drum. As the stylus wears its length may be adjusted by turning the drum to feed more wire and the whole unit may readily be replaced when a new stylus is required. The stylus may be retained by frictional resistance applied at the washers 28, 29 on guide 22c instead of by resistance to rotation of the drum.
Patent GB-1465046-A (GB)
Title: Polyamide composition
IPC: C08K3/22
Filed: 1973-05-14
Abstract: 1465046 Polyamide compositions IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 16 April 1974 [14 May 1973 20 Sept 1973] 22783/73 Heading C3R A polyamide composition is made by meltblending polyamide with (O) an organophosphoric acid RPO(OH) 2  or derivatives thereof, e.g. halide or ester, and (M) a metal compound being an oxide, hydroxide, or salt of a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid. Either (O) or (M), but not both, may have been present during the polymerization of the polyamide. The composition has increased crystallization rate. R may be e.g. cyclohexyl, phenyl, or benzyl. There may be 0À025-120 mole P and 0À25-120 mole metal per 10<SP>6</SP>g. composition. The metal may be from a periodic table Groups 2a, 2b, 3b, 4b, 7a or 8, e.g. Ba, Zn, Cd, Al, Mn, Co or Ni. The carboxylic acid may be acetic, stearic or oleic. The polyamide may be nylon 6, 11, 6.6, 6.9 or 6/6b. Also present may be 5-60% wt., based on polymer of conventional additives, ethylene-bisstearamide, TiO 2 , ethylenevinyl acetate copolymers as toughening agent or glass fibres, glass ballotini or mica. (O) and (M) may be introduced into the polyamide consecutively in either order or simultaneously, or each may be added to a separate batch of polyamide during or after polymerization, followed by the melt-blending of the two batches; or masterbatching techniques may be used. Granules containing one additive may be tumble-blended with the other and melt-extruded; or separate batches of granules may be tumble-blended with separate additives, followed by mixing the different batches together and melt-extruding. The composition may be granulated and may be meltspun into fibres, extruded into films, or moulded. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 1,084,325.
Patent GB-707281-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for the removal of carbonaceous deposits from powdered solids
IPC: B01J8/18
Filed: 1952-09-11
Abstract: The method of regenerating finely divided non- combustible solids contaminated with carbonaceous deposits as claimed in the parent Specification is modified by injecting a stripping gas into the bottom of the bed of regenerated solids forming a seal between the stripping zone and burning zone, in order to remove inert combustion gases.  The apparatus used comprises a vessel 11 having a combustion gas outlet 23, a partition 12 dividing the vessel into burning and stripping zones, a second partition 13 dividing the stripping zone into two separate zones, a mixing vessel 18 in the lower stripping zone, a conduit 19 leading from the upper stripping zone to the mixing vessel a conduit 9 leading to the mixing vessel for introducing solids to be regenerated, a conduit 7 for withdrawal of regenerated solids, an outlet conduit 21 for stripping gas from the lower stripping zone, and separate means 15, 17, 24 for introducing gases into the two stripping zones and the burning zone.  Vertical baffles 14, 16 are provided in the stripping zones.  Back pressure control valve 22 <PICT:0707281/III/1> is regulated so that the level of the solid in the lower stripping zone is above the baffles but below the mixing vessel.  Steam may be used as the stripping gas and air as the burning gas. Catalytic cracking is carried out in vessel 1, catalyst for regeneration being withdrawn from well 6.  The cracking vessel comprises a tall narrow portion providing a fluidized bed having a ratio of height to diameter of at least 6, and a wider disengaging portion at the top.  Stripping gas from the lower stripping zone may pass to the space above the fluidized bed in vessel 1, and from the upper stripping zone to the combustion gas outlet 23.
Patent GB-791862-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to spraying apparatus
IPC: B05B13/04
Filed: 1953-08-19
Abstract: A method of spraying articles, e.g. tanned skins with dye or pigment, comprises conveying the skins in a first path and moving a spray in a second path which intersects the first path, the spray being ejected by a spraying device 11 moving in a circular path.  The device 11 is mounted on a vertically adjustable platform 18 above an endless chain-link conveyer 14.  The platform 18 has a central opening in which is rotatablymounted on a large ball-bearing 18A a hub 22 driven through a pulley wheel 22A and a belt 23 by a variable speed drive 24.  A drum 25 of liquid to be sprayed is supported by pillars 25A on a housing 25B which rotates on a ball-bearing (not shown), the pillars 25A passing through the pulley wheel 22A and being rotated therewith.  An air tube 28 communicates <PICT:0791862/III/1> <PICT:0791862/III/2> through a hose 33 with a supply of compressed air, the tube 28 terminating at the top in an air seal 29, 30 comprising a rotatable cylinder 30 in a fixed cylinder 29 supported on the platform 18 by posts 32 and a frame 31. Air passes from the tube 28 to each of six nozzles 38 by pipes 40, 41, a cam-operated valve in chambers 42 ensuring that each nozzle 38 is operated twice per revolution.  Liquid passes from the drum 25 by a pipe 34 to a chamber 35 on the housing 25B, and then by pipes 37b to each nozzle 38, an air-operated valve (not shown) being included in each nozzle. Operation is as follows: the hub 22 is rotated and through the engagement of its wheel 22A with the pillars 25A causes the housing 25B and its associated pipes and nozzles to rotate. Twice in each revolution, a lever 43 on each chamber 42 contacts cams 46 on a fixed ring 44 to actuate the valve in the chamber and so operate the appropriate nozzle 38.  The cams 46 may be constructed to give a continual supply of air and therefore of liquid.  In a modification, the liquid is supplied under pressure from the drum 25, and the air inlet to the pipe 28 is below the spraying device.  A flexible tube 48 delivers air to the drum 25 to agitate the liquid.
Patent GB-390704-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of potassium carbonate
IPC: C01D7/06
Filed: 1932-08-15
Abstract: In the production of potassium carbonate by the formation and hydrolysis of the double salt MgCO3,KHCO3,4H2O and the return of the magnesium carbonate trihydrate from the hydrolysis step for use in the production of further quantities of double salt, the residue containing magnesium carbonate trihydrate formed in the hydrolysis step is purified from accumulating impurities, particularly basic magnesia, by treating it in aqueous suspension with carbon dioxide preferably under pressure and heating the resulting magnesium bicarbonate solution or treating it with caustic magnesia to re-form purified magnesium trihydrate for return to the process. A portion only of the magnesium carbonate trihydrate formed in each cycle may be thus regenerated, or alternatively, the whole of the amount produced by hydrolysis may be regenerated after performing several cycles.  If the magnesia content of the impure carbonate is not completely dissolved in one operation a further treatment with water and carbon dioxide may take place after the separation of the solution from the first treatment.  The dilute magnesium bicarbonate solution thus obtained can be used instead of water for preparing new solutions.  Examples are given.
Patent GB-1142007-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to trolleys
Inventor: FRENCH JOHN
IPC: B62B3/00
Filed: 1965-05-28
Abstract: 1,142,007. Hand trucks. C. W. PALMER & SONS Ltd. 29 April, 1966 [28 May, 1965], No. 22872/65. Heading B7B. A trolley for transporting a stack of foldable tables has uprights 11 secured to a member 6, the ends 5 being joggled out of the plane of the uprights 11 so as to provide endwise location of the tables without obstructing the ends of the truck during unloading. The lowermost table is preferably supported above the base by raised members 9, 10.
Patent GB-1100705-A (GB)
Title: Electric discharge lamps having hot cathode
IPC: H01J61/067
Filed: 1965-05-28
Abstract: 1,100,705. Discharge lamps. JAPAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION, and TOKYO SHIBAURA ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. 28 May, 1965 [1 June, 1964], No. 22918/65. Heading H1D. An electric discharge lamp includes a discharge-heated thermionic cathode formed of one or more elongate bodies, each of which has a diameter A, in millimetres, which is less than 1.2 times the value in amps. of the rated current capacity J of the lamp, the cathode providing spaced electron-emissive parts of which the mean separation of adjacent parts, in millimetres, is greater than 1À1 times the cube root of J, whereby concentration of the cathode spot, and consequent noise generation, is minimized. The cathode, which may be incorporated in a fluorescent lamp having a mercury and rare gas filling, may be in the form either of a helix, having such internal diameter and pitch that the spacing condition is satisfied; a conical or flat spiral (Figs. 4(a), 4(b) and 5, not shown); or an array of separate parallel bars 3 connected between a pair of lead wires 4.
Patent GB-1156966-A (GB)
Title: Reference Electrode Structure
IPC: G01N35/00
Filed: 1967-05-18
Abstract: 1,156,966. Electro-chemical analysis; electrode structures. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. May 18, 1967 [July 15, 1966], No. 23008/67 Heading GIN. A reference electrode comprises a commercially available calomel or silver-chloride electrode with KCl. solution and container 18 with wick 19, housed in an outer container 14 filled with saturated KCl solution. The bottom of the outer container 14 has an aperture covered with a cellulose membrane, 9. As shown the container is held by a union nut in a block 2 having a capillary bore 3 and opening 4 whereby the test solution contacts the membrane. Modifications:- the membrane may be of P.T.F.E. with capillary sized holes for measurements involving macromolecules, e.g. protein.
Patent GB-155377-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or in connection with the top rollers of spinning mules, ring spinning and like frames
IPC: D01H5/74
Filed: 1919-09-19
Abstract: 155,377. Isherwood, W. H. Sept. 19, 1919. Rollers.-The top rollers of mules, ring frames, &c. have, between the boses b, a loose deeplygrooved bush c which receives the weight hook and remains stationary, the objects being to prevent accumulation of fluff in the central neck and to position the weight hook correctly. The flanges of the bush fit freely within recesses f in the bosses. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 8210/85, and 1427/93,
Patent GB-1302608-A (GB)
IPC: A01N35/04
Filed: 1970-05-13
Abstract: 1302608 Substituted tetrachlorobenzene BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK AG 13 May 1970 [14 May 1969] 23069/70 Heading C2C The invention comprises compounds of formula wherein R<SP>1</SP>, R<SP>2</SP> and R<SP>3</SP> are identical or different and each denotes an alkyl radical. These compounds may be prepared by treating 1,4-bis- (dichloromethyl) - 2,3,5,6 - tetrachlorobenzene with one or more appropriate alcoholates particularly an alkali metal alcoholate. The preparation of 1 - (1<SP>1</SP>- chloro - 1<SP>1</SP> - methoxy)- methyl - 4 - bis - (methoxy) - methyl - 2,3,5,6- tetrachlorobenzene is given in the Specification. The intermediate 1 ,4-bis-(dichloromethyl)-2,3,5,6- tetrachlorobenzene is obtained by nuclearly chlorinating p-xylene to produce tetrachloro-pxylene, and further chlorinating this compound in the side-chain by exposure to U.V. light. The invention also comprises herbicidal composition comprising a compound according to the invention together with a solid carrier.