Patent GB-874783-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for the continuous cracking of hydrocarbons
IPC: B01J8/38
Filed: 1960-01-15
Abstract: <PICT:0874783/IV (b)/1> Apparatus for the continuous cracking of hydrocarbons by contact with hot particles of heat carrier material comprises one or more vertical, pneumatic elevators and heaters (1) having a cross-section which uniformly or discontinuously increases in the upward direction and discharges into a wider separating chamber (8) which communicates at its lower end with an ancillary chamber (9), the two chambers being separated at the top by a wall (10), a collecting hopper (12) at the lower end of the ancillary chamber which connects through an admission channel (13) to a reactor (15) containing internal baffles (16) and a discharge channel (19) leading from the bottom of the reactor to means for feeding the heat carrier material into the elevator (1).  The numerals refer to the Figure.  Solids, e.g. sand of diameter 0.3-1.2 mm. from discharge channel 19 enter annular chamber 4 and gas from inlets 6 blow the solids through ports 5 into the elevator.  Fuel by line 3 and oxygen by inlet 2 together with carbon deposits provide the necessary heating.  Where several elevators are employed they may discharge into a common separating chamber.  Due to the width of separating chamber 8, which has preferably 10-20 times the cross-sectional area of the elevator, and the change in direction of the gases caused by the wall 10, only the finest solids are removed by the gases through exit 11.  The roof of the chamber 8 is preferably more than 3 metres above the end of elevator 1 to reduce errosion.  Inlet channel 13 and exit channel 19 may each be provided with a gate valve, an expansion joint and means for introducing a dispersing gas.  Inside the reactor, are several tiers of evenly spaced, juxtaposed, obliquely placed at angles of 40-65 degrees to the horizontal, parallel baffles 16, the angle of inclination alternating from tier to tier and separated by empty spaces.  Distributer pipes 18 for the reacting hydrocarbon may be separately capable of being inserted or withdrawn, and taper towards the end away from the inlet.  Means for injecting steam or preheated water to quench the reacting gases may be positioned above the baffles.  Olefines may be obtained using the apparatus employing feed stocks varying from ethane to heavy distillates or crude.ALSO:<PICT:0874783/III/1> Apparatus for the continuous cracking of hydrocarbons by contact with hot particles of heat carrier material comprises one or more vertical, pneumatic elevators and heaters (1) having a cross-section which uniformly or discontinuously increases in the upward direction and discharges into a wider separating chamber (8) which communicates at its lower end with an ancillary chamber (9), the two chambers being separated at the top by a wall (10), a collecting hopper (12) at the lower end of the ancillary chamber which connects through an admission channel (13) to a reactor (15) containing internal baffles (16) and a discharge channel (19) leading from the bottom of the reactor to means for feeding the heat carrier material into the elevator (1). The numerals refer to the Figure.  Solids, e.g. sand of diameter 0.3-1.2 mm. from discharge channel 19 enter annular chamber 4 and gas from inlets 6 blow the solids through ports 5 into the elevator. Fuel by line 3 and oxygen by inlet 2 together with carbon deposits provide the necessary heating.  Where several elevators are employed they may discharge into a common separating chamber.  Due to the width of separating chamber 8, which has preferably 10-20 times the cross-sectional area of the elevator, and the change in direction of the gases caused by the wall 10, only the finest solids are removed by the gases through exit 11.  The roof of the chamber 8 is preferably more than 3 metres above the end of elevator 1 to reduce erosion.  Inlet channel 13 and exit channel 19 may each be provided with a gate valve, an expansion joint and means for introducing a dispersing gas.  Inside the reactor, are several tiers of evenly spaced, juxtaposed, obliquely placed at angles of 40-65 degrees to the horizontal, parallel baffles 16, the angle of inclination alternating from tier to tier and separated by empty spaces. Distributer pipes 18 for the reacting hydrocarbon may be separately capable of being inserted or withdrawn, and taper towards the end away from the inlet.  Means for injecting steam or preheated water to quench the reacting gases may be positioned above the baffles. Olefines may be obtained using the apparatus employing feed stocks varying from ethane to heavy distillates or crude.