Patent GB-595607-A (GB)
Title: Continuous process for the manufacture of synthetic resins
IPC: C08G8/00
Filed: 1944-09-28
Abstract: <PICT:0595607/III/1> <PICT:0595607/III/2> In the manufacture of synthetic resins, a mixture of the reactants is passed in a continuous stream through a thin confined space under pressure while mechanically agitating and rapidly heating to the point of incipient rapid reaction and then in a similar manner through a second confined space maintained at constant temperature, e.g., by withdrawal of exothermic reaction heat at the rate of its evolution.  The rate of flow of reactants through the first space and the time spent therein may be less than the rate of flow through, and time spent in, the second space.  Where the reacted mixture separates into two phases (e.g., aqueous and resinous phases) a third step comprises the separation of these phases, still under pressure.  The final step consists in relieving the pressure, e.g., through a reducing valve to atmospheric pressure or to a vacuum tank, causing evaporation of volatile matter and a reduction of the temperature which stops the reaction.  In an example, cresylic acid, formalin, and aqueous ammonia are mixed in the tank 10 (Fig. 1) and pumped into the thin annular space 17 (formed between a rotating core 15 carrying scraper blades 16 and the inner wall 13 of the heating jacket) under pressure sufficient to prevent volatilisation.  The heated mixture is passed to the second unit where it is agitated by the device 33 and kept at the desired temperature by the jacket 32. The heated mixture passes to the pressure separator tank 38 where the resinous phase forms a lower layer and is discharged, so as to maintain a constant resin level (indicated electrically) in 38, to a vacuum tank 41 where residual water vapourises and the temperature of the resin drops below 212 DEG F.  (In the case of a homogenous reaction product the tank 38 may be shortcircuited via the pipes 43 and 45).  The product may pass to storage direct via the pipe 44 or via the cooler 49, or to a mixer 53 where it is mixed with solvent from tank 50 to form a coating composition, which is led off by pipe 56.  In a modification (Fig. 4), catalyst, phenol, and formaldehyde are stored separately in tanks 60, 61, 62 and delivered separately to the first unit (or in the case of the catalyst direct to the second unit via pipe 67, if desired) and the first two units are combined, the remainder of the apparatus being as Fig. 1.ALSO:In the manufacture of synthetic resins, e.g. melamine-urea, phenol, cresol-, cresylic acid-formaldehyde resins, alkyd, phenol-furfural, and vinyl resins, a mixture of the reactants is passed in a continuous stream through a thin confined space under pressure while mechanically agitating and rapidly heating to the point of incipient rapid reaction and then in a similar manner through a second confined space maintained at constant temperature, e.g. by withdrawal of exothermic reaction heat at the rate of its evolution.  The rate of flow of reactants through the first space and the time spent therein may be less than the rate of flow through, and time spent in, the second <PICT:0595607/IV/1> <PICT:0595607/IV/2> space.  Where the reacted mixture separates into two phases (e.g. aqueous and resinous phases in the manufacture of phenolformaldehyde resins) a third step comprises the separation of these phases, still under pressure.  The final step consists in relieving the pressure, e.g. through a reducing valve to atmospheric pressure or to a vacuum tank, causing evaporation of volatile matter and a reduction of the temperature which stops the reaction.  In an example, cresylic acid, formalin and aqueous ammonia are mixed in the tank 10, Fig. 1, and pumped into the thin annular space 17 (formed between a rotating core 15 carrying scraper blades 16 and the inner wall 13 of the heating jacket) under pressure sufficient to prevent volatilization.  The heated mixture is passed to the second unit, where it is agitated by the device 33 and kept at the desired temperature by the jacket 32. The reacted mixture passes to the pressure separator tank 38 where the resinous phase forms a lower layer and is discharged, so as to maintain a constant resin level (indicated electrically) in 38, to a vacuum tank 41 where residual water vaporizes and the temperature of the resin drops below 212 DEG F.  (In the case of a homogenous reaction product the tank 38 may be short-circuited via the pipes 43 and 45.)  The product may pass to storage direct via pipe 44 or via the cooler 49, or to a mixer 53 where it is mixed with solvent from tank 50 to form a coating composition, which is led off by tube 56.  In a modification, Fig. 4, catalyst, phenol and formaldehyde are stored separately in tanks 60, 61, 62 and delivered separately to the first unit (or in the case of the catalyst direct to the second unit via pipe 67, if desired) and the first two units are combined, the remainder of the apparatus being as in Fig. 1.