Patent GB-458815-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to emulsions
IPC: C08B37/08
Filed: 1935-06-21
Abstract: An emulsion comprises an aqueous solution of a salt of a deacetylated chitin or a deacetylated chondroitin, a water repellent material which is liquid or liquefied under the conditions of emulsification and which, if desired, may be dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, and an acid resistant wetting agent, with or without a fixing agent.  Deacetylated chitin may be prepared as described in Specification 458,839, [Group IV].  Suitable water repellent materials are waxes and wax-like materials, e.g. paraffin, Japan, montan, carnauba, ceresin, chinese insect, candelilla, bayberry and cottonseed waxes, beeswax and spermaceti; oils, e.g. heat-bodied china wood oil; fats; and natural and synthetic resins, e.g. cumarone resin melting below 90 DEG  C.  Suitable wetting agents are diethyl or dimethyl-cyclohexylamine laurylsulphate, diethylcyclohexylamine olelysulphate, sodium laurylsulphate, stearyl piperidide, saponin, cyclohexanolamine stearate, o-cyclohexanolamine laurylsulphate, hexadecylbetaine, N-stearylbetaine, N-stearylcholine chloride, dimethyldistearylammonium halides, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Irish moss, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, and colloidal clays. The fixing agent may be aluminium, thorium, calcium, lead or zinc formates, acetates, chlorides or nitrates. The emulsion may be used to waterproof cotton, rayon, silk, wool and linen in the form of fabrics, rope, fishing tackle, sail cloth, awnings, book cloth, table cloths, felt hats, and stockings.  Leather may be impregnated or coated and afterwards glazed, plated or ironed.  The impregnated materials may be treated with insolubilizing agents such as ammonia before or after drying.  Water resistant pigmented paper may be made by using the emulsions as sizes, which may be deposited on the fibre, the pigment or on both, or the pulp may be sized with rosin and the pigment sized with the emulsion.  Preferably a pigment slurry, e.g. of calcium or barium carbonates or sulphates, clay, lithopone, talc, or titanium dioxide is mixed with the emulsion to which a solution of alum may be added if desired.  Alkali, e.g. ammonium hydroxide is then added, together with starch if desired, and the treated slurry added to the pulp in the beater, in the machine chest or at the regulating box of the paper making machine.  Paper in web or sheet form may also be sized with the emulsions.ALSO:Emulsions comprising an aqueous solution of a salt of a deacetylated chitin or a deacetylated chondroitin, a water-repellent material which is liquid or liquefied under the conditions of emulsification and which, if desired, may be dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, and an acid resilient wetting agent with or without a fixing agent may be used as sizes for fabrics and paper.  Deacetylated chitin may be prepared as described in Specification 458,839, [Group IV].  Suitable water repellent materials are waxes and wax-like materials, e.g. paraffin, Japan, montan, carnauba, ceresin, Chinese insect, candelilla, bayberry and cottonseed waxes, beeswax and spermaceti; oils, e.g. heatbodied chinawood oil; fats; and natural and synthetic resins, e.g. cumerane resin melting below 90 DEG  C. Suitable wetting agents are diethyl or dimethyl-cyclohexylamine laurylsulphate, diethylcyclohexylamine oleylsulphate, sodium laurylsulphate, stearyl piperidide, saponin, cyclohexanolamine stearate, o-cyclohexanolamine laurylsulphate, hexandecylbetaine, N - stearylbetaine, N - stearylcholine chloride, dimethyldistearylammonium halides, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Irish moss, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose and colloidal clays. The fixing agent may be aluminium, thorium, calcium, lead or zinc formates, acetates, chlorides or nitrates.  The impregnated materials may be treated with insolubilizing agents such as ammonia before or after drying.  Water resistant pigmented paper may be made by using the emulsions as sizes, which may be deposited on the fibre, the pigment or on both, or the pulp may be sized with rosin and the pigment sized with the emulsion. Preferably, a pigment slurry, e.g. of calcium or barium carbonates or sulphates, clay, lithopone, talc, or titanium dioxide is mixed with the emulsion to which a solution of alum may be added if desired.  Alkali, e.g. ammonium hydroxide is then added, together with starch, if desired, and the treated slurry added to the pulp in the beater, in the machine chest or at the regulating box of the paper-making machine.  Paper in web or sheet form may also be sized with the emulsions.