baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-153337-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and connected with life guards for tramcars, omnibuses and the like
IPC: B61F19/08
Filed: 1919-04-28
Abstract: 153,337. Dickie, W. April 28, 1919. Wheel guards, obstruction-removers, and safety appliances. - Relates to safety lifeguards for tramcars, of the kind in which a contact guard carried by a spindle in front of the car cooperates to lower a rear gate on to the rail when an obstruction is encountered, the guard mechanism being reset by the depression by the driver of a foot pedal projecting through the platform of the car. According to the invention, the shaft which supports the contact guard is formed in three separate members A, B, C carried by brackets a<1>, a<2>, a<3>, a<4>, the end spindles A, C being bent at right-angles to form cranks with end bosses through which pass pins i which support also the side guards I, I<1>. This arrangement of the shaft is designed to prolong the life of the guard. To the end shaft sections A. C are attached arms S', S connected by rods T and bell-crank levers with the underside of the platform of the car. The contact guard has cross members H<1>, H<2> and a vertical bar c pivoted to a bar d pivotally connected through a link e with a lever F loose on the shaft section B. The bar d is supported by links g, also loosely mounted on the central shaft section, and the lever F has a pin f arranged to contact with an arm G. The shaft B also carries an arm Q connected at q with a rod X attached at its other end to a pivoted barred gate Z, Fig. 7. A lever arm K secured to the shaft B is connected. by a link J with a foot pedal L resting on the platform M. In the position of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the pivoted connexion q between the lever Q and link X is a little past the toggle centre and the parts are maintained in this position by the action of the tensioned spring Y<1>. When the front or side guards encounter an obstacle the contact guard is turned back and the lever F is moved so that the pin f displaces the lever G to rock the shaft B. This breaks the toggle and the spring Y<1> then forces the gate into the lowered position; the shaft B is then rocked until the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 7. When the pedal lever is in the raised position, the parts are locked until released by the driver. The application of the device to omnibuses and the like is men- - tioned.
Patent GB-669912-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cathodes
IPC: H01J1/15
Filed: 1949-04-20
Abstract: 669,912. Electron discharge apparatus. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL CO. April 20, 1949 [May 14, 1948], No. 10478/49. Class 39 (i). In a cathode comprising a wire core 10 and a helical coil 11 of different material closewound tightly on it, the turns of the coil are alloyed with the core, as at 15. The core may be tungsten, and the coil tantalum or tantalumtungsten. The alloying is 'carried out by passing a current sufficient to cause incandescence at about 2400-3000 K. for about 48 hours. Suitable gauges of wire are specified, and data given. To compensate for greater evaporation from the centre of the filament, which becomes hottest, the central part of the core may be thicker, Fig. 2 (not shown), or the over-wound coil may be of thicker wire at the centre.
Patent GB-454794-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic developers
IPC: G03C5/30
Filed: 1935-04-05
Abstract: 454,794. Photographic developing- compositions. BANFIELD, A. C., and BAIRD TELEVISION, Ltd., 58, Victoria Street, Westminster. April 5, 1936, No. 10651. Drawings to Specification. [Class 98 (ii)] A photographic developing-composition comprises at least 5 grains of pyrocatechin or of a mixture of pyrocatechin and hydroquinone of which at least one-third is pyrocatechin, at least 10 grains of sodium hydroxide or chemical equivalent, and at least 1 per cent of formaldehyde in every fluid ounce or developer. The developing composition may also include potassium metabisulphite or its chemical equivalent. Solutions containing 25 grains of pyrocatechin and 1 grain of potassium metabisulphite per fluid ounce of water and 50 grains of sodium hydroxide per fluid ounce may be mixed in equal quantities, one fluid ounce of the mixture diluted to 2“ fluid ounces, and 3 per cent of 40 per cent formaldehyde solution added. In a modification a solution containing 20 grains of hydroquinone, 10 grains of pyrocatechin and 1 grain of potassium metabisulphite per fluid ounce is mixed with an equal quantity of a solution containing 50 grains of sodium hydroxide per fluid ounce, the mixture diluted with an equal bulk of water, and 3 per cent of 40 per cent formaldehyde solution added.
Patent GB-601726-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to dampers of the swivelling type
IPC: F23L13/00
Filed: 1944-06-02
Abstract: 601,726. Flue dampers. LOEWENHEIM, E. June 2, 1944, No. 10655. [Class 51(i)] A swivelling flue damper is constructed to leave, when in the closed position, a space adjacent the bottom of the flue, this space being controlled by an auxiliary damper which may be moved to open the space while the main damper is still closed and so create an increased gas velocity which sweeps out any dust accumulated on the bottom of the flue. Fig. 1 shows a main damper consisting of two horizontally pivoted sections 24 mounted between upper and lower frames 26, 27, the latter being disposed above the flue bottom 37 so as to leave a space 36 which is controlled by an auxiliary hinged damper 31 operated, independently of the main damper, by a rod 35. In a modification, the auxiliary damper is in the form of a vertically arranged flexible sheet connected at its lower end to a roller which is moved up and down to cause the sheet to open and close the space 36.
Patent GB-542017-A (GB)
Title: Improved method of extracting fibres from plants in which the fibre in enclosed in a fleshy covering
IPC: D01C1/02
Filed: 1940-06-21
Abstract: 542,017. Obtaining cellulose fibres ; albumens &c. CELEC CORPORATION, Ltd.; and TOWNSEND, C. S. June 21, 1940, No. 10679. [Classes 2 (ii) and 2 (iii)] Fibres are obtained from the leaves of Caroa grass, phormium tenax, aloe, sisal, or other plants in which the fibre is enclosed in a fleshy covering, by crushing the leaves in the green state to break the outer cutin and express the juice, collecting the expressed juice, boiling the crushed leaves in an alkaline solution until the fleshy substance enclosing the fibres is softened to an extent whereby it may be removed by scraping and the substances binding the fibres together are dissolved, and then scraping the fibres to free them from the fleshy covering. Sodium carbonate may be used as the alkaline reagent. In an example, Caroa grass is passed through roughened steel rollers so as to express most of the juice and break the cutin. The juice is run into vats and sterilized at 100‹ C., the crude albumen being precipitated. The juice may be subjected to treatment, e.g. fermentation for the production of alcohol. The pressed leaves are laid in trays with wooden slats or galvanized wire at the bottom to permit efficient circulation of the alkali. The trays are placed in a steam-heated tank and a dilute solution of sodium carbonate is added. After the boiling treatment the liquor is run through a filter. Resins, gums, arid pectoses may be recovered from the filtrate. The trays are lifted from the tank and the fibrous material is subjected to washing treatment. The fleshy covering is then scraped away and the separated fibres are dried. If desired, the fibres, before drying, may be subjected to treatment with a dilute solution of sodium sulphite at 100‹ C. and then with a cold dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Specification 530,270 is referred to.
Patent GB-106843-A (GB)
IPC: F41H5/16
Abstract: 106,843. Sachar, J. May 17, 1916. Field carriages.-Consists in mounting a bulletproof shield 13 over a gun carriage 10 by means of adjustable posts 24, the shield having a downwardly inclined front portion 26 and laterallysliding eaves 27, the extension of which on each side of the shield is limited by cords 28.
Patent GB-467294-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to furniture with elastic frames or supports
IPC: A47C3/021
Filed: 1936-04-14
Abstract: 467,294. Seats. LORENZ, A., and GAAL, A. April 14, 1936, Nos. 10690 and 10691. Convention dates, April 15, 1935 and April 6, 1936. [Class 52 (ii)] Chains and like articles of furniture are made with U-shaped side frames of resilient material consisting of toughened or tempered glass, preferably single-ply, affording cantilever supports for the seat and back portions. In Fig. 1 the resilient glass sides consist of U-shaped supports 4 to which are secured cross-bars 2, 3 on which rests the seating surface 1. The joints 5, 6 on the cross-bars are provided with rubber members bearing against the supports 4. An auxiliary support of glass or other material may be applied between each of the arms of the U-shaped members. The U-shaped members need not consist wholly of glass, as shown in Fig. 4. In this example, the supports for the seating surface are each composed of horizontal supports 14, 15 of toughened or tempered glass connected by members 16 which may be of other material. Each support 14 rests in a rear shoe 17 and a front shoe 18 formed integral with the member 16, whereby the members 14 can sag into rocking contact with the floor. The members 15 engage clamping members 19 in which are also secured shorter auxiliary glass members 20, the other end of the members 15 engaging members 6 pivotally secured at 24 to the back edges of the seat, rubber seatings as 22, 23 being provided. The front uprights 16 are each composed of two parts, pressed together by screws 21, and supporting a crossbar 2 on the upper rounded edge of which the seat 1 rests. Modifications of Fig. 4' are described, in which the members 2, 16 are formed as a single H-shaped glass member, which may be stiffened by additional side glass members. Protective layers of transparent material may be applied to the glass supports, and these members may be built-up of several glass layers secured together by a resilient adhesive.
Patent GB-219094-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to liquid fuel supply devices for internal-combustion engines
IPC: F02N99/00
Filed: 1923-04-19
Abstract: 219,094. Smith, F. A. April 19, 1923. Spray carburettors.-A fuel-supply device for starting or slow running comprises a U-tube 23 having an air-inlet member 8 at one end and connected at the other end to the induction pipe 26, at one or more points, a fuel orifice 7 at such a point in relation to the level of the liquid fuel supply that the tube 23 is flooded when not under the influence of engine suction, and a cock 24 between the orifice 7 and the induction pipe. As shown, the orifice 7 is connected by a pipe 12 to the float chamber of the main carburettor, and is controlled by a needle valve 16 having a milled head 17 with a notch engaged by a spring finger 21 carried by a split sleeve 20 encircling a boss 15. When the valve 16 has been set for normal purposes, the sleeve 20 is adjusted to bring the finger into engagement with the notch and is clamped on the boss 15 by a screw 22. Gauze strainers may be provided in the chamber 1C behind the fuel nozzle and in the air inlet member 8. In a modification, the cock 24 is placed immediately below the fuel inlet 7. In a further form, the device has a branch tube, with a cock 24 supplying an auxiliary engine, and the tube connected to the main engine may be coiled to increase its capacity for fuel. The air inlet may be supplied with heated air.
Patent GB-627117-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to jet-propelled rotary wing aircraft
IPC: B64C27/18
Filed: 1947-04-22
Abstract: 627,117. Helicopters. FORSYTH, A. G. (Doblhoff, F. L.). April 22, 1947, No. 10730. [Class 41 [Also in Group XXVI] A helicopter of the type in which the rotor is driven by reaction jets at the blade tips is provided with a gas turbine and compressor, the delivery from the latter being divided into two portions, one passing to the turbine and the other to the reaction jets. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, air from the compressor 1 passes through a heat exchanger 2, formed with tubes through which pass the exhaust gases from the turbine 3, and then passes into ducts 4, 9, the former leading to the blades 7 and jet outlets 8, and the latter to the combustion chamber of the turbine. The turbine blades are cooled by air drawn by a fan 11 from the atmosphere through a pipe 12. The air delivered to the jets 8 may be further heated by auxiliary burners. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the rotor is mounted on a universal joint 5a, and the turbine exhaust is directed downwardly through a vertical duct 108. Control in yaw is effected by brakes 27, 28 adjacent the rotor hub and turbine respectively. The gyroscopic effect of the compressor and turbine serve to stabilize the aircraft. As shown in Fig. 2, the outlet area of the jets 8 may be varied in accordance with rotational speed by a centrifugal mass 20, connected by links 17 and a bell-crank lever 18 to flaps 14 controlling the jet outlet. Alternatively, the bell-crank may be connected to a piston working in a cylinder to which a pitot head is connected, Fig. 3 (not shown). Fig. 5 shows an arrangement for yaw control, in which the exhaust gases from the turbine are discharged through an outlet 35 at the tail of the aircraft and pass over a rudder 36. In the further embodiment shown in Fig. 12, air from the compressor operates a spring-loaded piston 141 in a cylinder 140 in the rotor hub to control the pitch setting arms 138 of the rotor blades. A choke 147 may be provided to damp out rapid pressure fluctuations and prevent blade flutter. A bottle 149 of compressed gas may be used to augment the air from the compressor as shown in Fig. 14, a flap valve 148 being mounted in parallel with the choke 147 and arranged to open automatically when the pressure in the pipe 144 rises so that the blade pitch may be rapidly increased, while the pitch is gradually reduced by the action of the choke if the pressure in the main conduit 130 falls.
Patent GB-1459068-A (GB)
Title: Menufacture of mirrors coat9ng composition
IPC: H05H1/22
Filed: 1975-03-14
Abstract: 1459068 Making mirrors; grinding; turning optical surfaces RAYTHEON CO 14 March 1975 [24 April 1974] 10791/75 Headings B3A B3D and B3T [Also in Division G2] A method of making a mirror, e.g. for catoptric lens arrangements, having a reflective surface 13 formed as a surface of revolution of a generating arc, comprises casting a blank for a metal base 11, turning the blank in at least one operation followed by stress-relieving heat treatment, the or each turning operation being performed by causing the tool to follow a template 204, depositing on the turned blank an intermediate metallic layer 15 having a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the blank, grinding the surface of the layer 15 while again following the template, and applying one or more further layers 17, 19, to provide the mirror with reflective properties. A Ni-Fe casting is rough turned with a tool (not shown) mounted on an hydraulic pantograph 216. A stylus 228 follows a curved surface 206 on the template which corresponds to the profile of the reflecting surface and a reference area 208 corresponding to a reference area 201 on the blank. After rough turning the casting is heated to 1200 F. and oven cooled prior to a further rough turning step, which is followed by heating to 850-900 F. and oven cooling. The casting is then finished turned, baked at 450 F. for 8 hours and oven cooled. The machined surface is then coated with material having a hardness of at least Rockwell C60, e.g. tungsten carbide applied by a plasma spray. The heating effect of the plasma spray obviates the need for separate heat treatment. The tungsten carbide coating is then rough and smooth ground in a number of passes of grinding wheels 214, Fig. 2, the maximum thickness removed during a rough grinding pass is of the order of 0À001 inch. The large number of passes necessary to remove about 0À008-0À010 inch to bring the coating to the required thickness results in the deviations occurring during each pass tending to cancel out. The grinding wheel is next replaced by a lapping tool (250), Fig. 2A (not shown), and the surface is lapped until its roughness is about <SP>1</SP>/ 5  to  wavelength of the shortest wavelength of the radiant energy to be reflected. Any pits in the lapped surface are filled by applying intermediate layers of nickel and copper and lapping them after each application until the ground coating is almost exposed. Finally a layer of gold is plated to the surface, the gold being relatively hard if the mirror is used with laser beams. If the mirror is to reflect visible optical energy, the reflective surface may be of rhodium, silver, aluminium or beryllium and an intermediate layer 17 may not be required. The base 11 is preferably honeycombed and forced cooling may be incorporated in it.
Patent GB-331287-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to coin-testing mechanism for coinfreed or actuated machines
IPC: G07F1/02
Filed: 1929-04-08
Abstract: 331,287. Cutler, E. N. April 8, 1929. Testing coins.-In a coin testing device of the kind having two oppositely disposed movably mounted members obstructing the coin entrance and a diameter testing device in front of and cooperating with said members, the diameter testing device comprises a pair of pivoted levers e, e<1> having hook-like projections e<4>, e' adapted to engage in recesses b<5>, b<6> in the slidably mounted members b, b<1>. On inserting a coin of correct diameter, the levers e, e<1> release the members b, b<1> which are then moved apart by the coin pressing on the edges b<4>. When the coin has passed the members b, b', the return of the latter under the influence of the springs c, c' assists the ejection of the coin into the coin shoot. The operative faces of the levers e, e<1> are provided with V-shaped channels arranged so that if a thin coin is inserted, its edges will engage in the channels and the coin will fail to operate the levers correctly. The insertion of thick coins is prevented by restricting the width of the coin slot or by providing fixed stops at the rear of the slot. To prevent coins of incorrect diameter passing through the device by a jerking movement, additional detents b' are provided in the members b, b'. To prevent operation of the device by cardboard or other soft material the operative faces of the levers e, e<1> are formed with knife edges. The obstructing members b, b<1> may be pivotally mounted and each testing lever arranged to co-operate with the obstructing member on the opposite side of thecoin slot. Testing edge for milling.-In a modification shown in Fig. 6 for use with coins having milled edges, the levers e, e<1> are formed with sectors e<9>, e<10> correspondingly milled and are pivotally mounted within enlarged bearings enabling the sectors to separte slightly from one another and then close again under the action of the spring f, thereby ensuring that the levers e, e<1> are held disengaged from the members b, b<1> until the coin has commenced to separate the latter.
Patent GB-1245539-A (GB)
Title: Margarine fat formulation
Inventor: FONDU MICHEL PAULIN VALERE
IPC: C11C3/10
Filed: 1969-02-28
Abstract: 1,245,539. Margarine fat. UNILEVER Ltd. 28 Feb., 1969 [1 March, 1968], No. 10856/69. Heading C5C.  A margarine fat comprises, by weight, 25- 90% of a liquid fat containing at least 40% of polyunsaturated fatty acids and 10-75% of a randomized unhydrogenated hard fat having a fatty acid content corresponding to a mixture of (a) a coconut-type fat, (b) a palm-type fat and (c) a fat with at least 80% of saturated fatty acids containing at least 16 carbon atoms, in such proportions that the dilation value of the margarine fat at 35 C. is at most 150 and at 20 C. is at least 100. A preferred hard fat comprises (a) 25-50% coconut, palm kernel or babassu fat, (b) 15-45% palm fat or tallow and (c) 15-45% palm oil stearine of m.p. 50-60 C. The hard fat may be prepared by interesterifying (a), (b) and (c) or by esterifying glycol with a corresponding mixture of fatty acids, e.g. 0À5-2% capric, 25-32% lauric, 8-10% myristic, 34-40% palmitic, 4-5% stearic, 15-20% oleic, and 3-5% linoleic acid. A wrapper margarine fat may comprise 75-40% of hard fat and 25-60% liquid fat. A tub margarine fat may comprise 10-50% hard fat and 50-90% liquid fat.
Patent GB-1308551-A (GB)
Title: Device for converting oscillatory movement into rotary movement
IPC: G04C5/00
Filed: 1970-03-06
Abstract: 1308551 Clocks FRIEDRICH MAUTHE GmbH 6 March 1970 [7 March 1969 13 Feb 1970] 10944/70 Heading G3T [Also in Division H2] In a magnetic escapement or other stepping mechanism comprising a balance having a helical hairspring 6 Fig. 1 (not shown) and carrying a magnet 9 which co-operates with a wheel 11 which is stamped or etched from soft magnetic material projections 11a, b of the wheel are inclined in alternate directions out of the plane thereof so as to vary the air-gap along the patch of the magnet 9. The balance is maintained by means of further magnets 7, 8 thereon, which co-operate with coaxial, bifilar or disc-like driving and control coils 16. In an alternative embodiment the balance carries two magnets 19, 20 acting on a wheel 22 which has spokes 24 and projections 25, portions 24b and 25a, c of which are inclined out of the plane of the wheel 22. The arrangement is stated to be suitable for use with a flexion oscillator and to provide self-starting in one direction of rotation only.
Patent GB-1182210-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to Acoustic Warning Devices.
IPC: G10K9/13
Filed: 1968-03-07
Abstract: 1,182,210. Acoustic warning device. NOVIP.B. 7 March, 1968 [4 April, 1967], No. 11057/68. Heading G5J. In an acoustic warning device, a diaphragm 9 is vibrated by a percussion member attached by a loaf spring 14 to the diaphragm and which consists of a magnetic member 13 and a mild steel washer 12, supported by a rivet 11 such that the parts 11, 12 and 13 are mounted at the free end of the spring 14 and have limited movement in a hole 10 in the diaphragm. A magnetic circuit to activate this member consists of a U-shaped unlaminated metal member which is energized by alternating current, fed to a winding wound on an insulating coil former which is integral with sleeves which project from the housing of the device and which act as terminal supports for the electrical connections and as a means for securing the coil former relative to the U-shaped member. The housing is enclosed by a cover, crimped to the edge of the housing, the diaphragm being secured between the cover and the housing. The U-shaped member is positioned above member 13 so that member 13 will be caused to vibrate when a current flows through the coil, the note emitted by the device being varied by altering the spacing between member 13 and the U-shaped member using a press illustrated in Fig. 6 (not shown) to deform the housing.