Patent GB-757981-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to gas turbine engines
Inventor: LOMBARD ADRIAN ALBERT
IPC: F02C9/16
Filed: 1952-02-06
Abstract: 757,981. Axial-flow compressors; gas turbine plant; jet propulsion plant. ROLLSROYCE Ltd. Jan. 27, 1953 [Feb. 6, 1952], No. 3198/52. Classes 110(1) and 110(3) [Also in Group XXXV] A compound gas turbine comprising a high pressure compressor rotor and an independent low pressure compressor rotor driven by high and low pressure turbines respectively has means to control the rotational speed of the low pressure compressor rotor so as to maintain substantially a pre-selected value of a function of N and T which function is such that N and T vary in the same sense to maintain a pre-selected value where N is the actual rotational speed of the compressor rotor and T the inlet temperature of the low pressure compressor. The function is preferably #N/T. The gas turbine shown, Fig. 1, comprises a low pressure compressor 16 driven by a low pressure turbine 29 through a shaft 17 surrounded by a shaft 22 connecting a high pressure turbine 28 with a high pressure compressor 21. The exhaust of the low pressure turbine passes through a jet pipe 35 to a variable area propulsion nozzle 36 by means of which the rotational speed of the low pressure compressor is controlled. The area of the propulsion nozzle is controlled by mechanism 44 responsive to the value of #N/T. In one embodiment, Fig. 9, the mechanism 44 comprises a fixed capacity constant displacement pump 79 driven from the low pressure rotor shaft 17 circulates fuel from the low pressure fuel conduit 82 through a restricting orifice 81, the effective area of which is determined by a valve member 83 connected to a capsule 84 which expands and contracts on changes of the inlet temperature of the compressor. The member 83 is shaped so that the pressure drop across the orifice is proportional to #N/T although a sufficient approximation may be made by varying the area directly as the absolute temperature. The pressure drop across the orifice actuates a spring - loaded diaphragm 88 which controls a vent valve 77a. The valve 77a controls the flow through a conduit 78 and so controls the pressure drop across, and the position of, a spring loaded piston 70 which controls the variable area nozzle 36. In a modification the area of the orifice 81 is constant and temperature sensitive element is used to vary the loading on the diaphragm 88. In a further modification, the vent valve 77a is controlled electrically by means of a control such as described in Specification 710,261 [Group XXXV] as modified by Specification 757,991 [Group XXXV]. Since,' for. a given engine, , the pressure ratio of the low pressure compressor is a unique valve of #N/T of this compressor, this pressure ratio may be used to control vent valve 77a In the arrangement shown, Fig. 11, the inlet to the compressor 16 is connected to the outlet by a conduit 120 a fixed restriction 122 and a variable restriction 121. A venturi 124 is connected to the conduit 120 between the restrictions which are chosen so that the venturi is choked. The pressure upstream of the restriction 122 is connected to a chamber 130 on one side of a flexible diaphragm 126, the pressure at the throat of the venturi to the chamber 131 between the diaphragm 126 and a diaphragm 125 and the pressure between the restrictors to a chamber 129 on one side of the diaphragm 125. The diaphragms, which are of different area, are connected by rod 127 to the vent valve 77a. For a given valve of the pressure ratio of the compressor the pressure on the diaphragms are in balance, any variation in this ratio causes the diaphragm to operate vent valve 77a. The variable restriction 121 may be used to vary the value of the pressure ratio to which the engine is controlled. A modification of this arrangement is described in which the venturi is dispensed with. In another embodiment, the rotational speed of the low pressure compressor is controlled by varying the pitch of the inlet guide vanes of the compressor by the mechanism 44. The invention is also described with reference to a compound gas turbine of the kind in which part of the air from the low pressure compressor passes direct to a propulsion nozzle. This air may be mixed with the turbine exhaust gases before they enter the nozzle in which case a variable area nozzle such as described with reference to Fig. 1 may be used. The air may be passed to a separate variable area propulsion nozzle which is then controlled by a mechanism 44. In a further embodiment, an obturator may be mounted in the passage between the low pressure compressor and the propulsion nozzle. The obturator means may comprise valve elements, pivoted flaps or gills. a series of butterfly valves, an iris-diaphragm shutter or an axially movable area-varying obturator. It is also stated that this obturator may be arranged at the junction of the by-pass duct and the turbine exhaust duct and may restrict the flow in one or both ducts. The speed of the high pressure rotor may be maintained constant by a known form of governor 45. According to the Provisional Specification the pitch of the inlet guide vanes of the low pressure turbine system may be used to control the rotational speed of the low pressure compressor.