baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-771980-A (GB)
Title: Plowshare and method of manufacture thereof
IPC: B21K19/00
Filed: 1955-06-22
Abstract: 771,980. Making ploughshares; welding by fusion. ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING CO. June 22, 1955 [July 27, 1954], No. 18088/55. Classes 83 (2) and 83 (4). A ploughshare 1, Fig. 1, is made from a metal blank 16, Fig. 4, having a blade part 15 and a point part 14 of substantially equal thickness, by thickening said point part by fusion welding a layer 17 of forgeable metal thereto, heating the thickened point part to forging temperature and forging said point part into a ploughshare point 6, Fig. 1. The blank 16 is cut from three-layer steel stock comprising a centre layer 7, Fig. 5, of low carbon steel sandwiched between outer layers 8 of high carbon steel. The blank is initially cut as a substantially straight strip 11, Fig. 2 (not shown), and, after heating the point portion 14 is bent to form the blank 16. Alternatively the blank 16 may be cut directly from the stock plate. The layer 17 is then deposited on the point part 14 by submerged-arc fusion welding, in which the welding rod 22, Fig. 7 (not shown), is fed forwardly to deposit the layer 17 whilst an arc is formed within a blanket of flux. The layer 17 may be of alloyed steel by using an alloy steel welding rod or by using flux containing powdered alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, or molybdenum; the resulting layer will then be composed of the metal of the blank 16, the metal in the welding rod and the metal in the flux. Preferably, the layer 17 is formed so as to be stronger and more resistant to abrasion than the blank 16, and the penetration of the layer 17, Fig. 5, should extend to a depth not greater than the thickness of the outer hard layer 8 of steel. The ploughshare is then heated, the cutting edge 13 is formed by hammering and the landside edge 12 is trimmed. A landside blank 26 cut from plate stock, is then welded to the blank adjacent the edge 12. The point 14 including the layer 17 and the landside blank 26, is heated to forging temperature and forged to the shape shown in Fig. 1. Thereafter the landside edge 12, Fig. 4, is machined flat and holes are drilled to receive bolts for attaching the ploughshare to the remainder of the plough; the surface of the ploughshare is then polished. The landside blank 26 may alternatively be welded to the blank 16 before the layer 17 is applied.
Patent GB-702007-A (GB)
Title: Preparation of amides
Filed: 1951-07-31
Abstract: Amides of aliphatic carboxylic acids are made by heating at 180-340 DEG , preferably 240-340 DEG  C., under pressure dialkyl sulphides with aqueous ammonium polysulphide.  The polysulphide may be formed by effecting the reaction in the presence of molten sulphur, water and ammonia with or without hydrogen sulphide. Inert solvents, e.g. dioxane and pyridine, may be present.  In the absence of water a thioamide is obtained.  Preferably a slight excess of ammonia over that equivalent to the dialkyl sulphide is used such as at least 2, e.g. 3 mols. of ammonia per mol. of dialkyl sulphide.  The quantity of sulphur used should be as small as possible, good yields being obtained when an excess of that equivalent to the alkyl sulphide is used.  Hydrogen sulphide is preferably used so as to solubilize the sulphur in the aqueous ammoniacal solution, e.g. about 0.13-1.0 mol. per mol. of free sulphur introduced may be used.  Quantities of water specified for best results are from about 3 to 6 mols. per mol. of alkyl sulphide.  Pressures of at least 2,000, e.g. 5,000 p.s.i. are specified for the production of propionamide.  Dialkyl sulphides are preferably of formula alkyl (S)n alkyl where n is 1, 2 or 3 and contains 6-13 C atoms per molecule.  Alkene-sulphur oils obtained as by-products in the synthesis of amides from alkenes and aqueous ammonium polysulphide are preferred alkyl sulphides. Alkenes specified are ethylene, n-butenes, pentenes, hexenes, 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-hexenes, diisobutylene, dodecenes, octadecenes, propylene and isobutylene the last two alkenes yielding propion- and isobutyr-amide respectively.  When a sulphur-oil is recycled it is preferred that per mol. of alkene there is present initially at least 1-5 mols. of free and combined ammonia, at least 2 mols. of water and 2-6 mols. of sulphur.  Ammonium alkanoates, e.g. propionate, are also formed in small quantities. In examples, (1) propylene, water, ammonia, sulphur and hydrogen sulphide are reacted to produce propionamide the by-product propylene-sulphur oil being recycled, (2) propylene-sulphur oil is reacted with aqueous ammonia, sulphur and hydrogen sulphide, (3) di-n-propyl monosulphide is reacted with sulphur and aqueous ammonia to produce propionamide, (4) di-n-propyl disulphide and di-isopropyl disulphide are reacted as in (3) to give the corresponding amides and in (5) isobutylene is reacted with sulphur, aqueous ammonia and pyridine to produce di-isobutyl di- and tri-sulphides a mixture of which is reacted with sulphur, aqueous ammonia and pyridine to produce isobutyramide.  In example (5) di-isobutylene may be used instead of isobutylene.
Patent GB-802095-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of titaniferous concentrates and iron
IPC: C22B34/12
Filed: 1956-06-12
Abstract: A process for reducing titaniferous iron ores comprises partially reducing the ores in the solid state at a temperature between 900 DEG C. and 1250 DEG C. to reduce at least 90 per cent of the iron oxide to iron but without reducing more than 5 per cent of the titanium dioxide, then melting the product and separating the liquid iron from the liquid titaniferous slag.  The reducing agent may be coke or a reducing gas.  The partially reduced material may be melted at a temperature above 1600 DEG C., preferably without intermediate cooling.  The ore should be ground to pass through a 40 mesh screen and the coke, if used, should pass through 80 mesh.
Patent GB-204763-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to curtain rings
IPC: A47H13/02
Filed: 1922-07-03
Abstract: 204,763. French, G. F. July 3, 1922. Curtains, suspending.-In a curtain ring comprising a length of spring wire bent round to cause its ends to meet, each end being formed as a hook, the planes of the hooks a<1>, a<2> are arranged at right-angles to each other. The ring may be other than circular and one hook may lie in the plane of the ring or both hooks lie in planes at 45‹ thereto. Specification 200,163 is referred to.
Patent GB-354004-A (GB)
Title: Machine for delivering money
IPC: G07D1/00
Filed: 1930-06-14
Abstract: 354,004. Money - delivering apparatus. LISSEN, Ltd. and CARDY, W. L., Lissenium Works, Worple Road, Isleworth, Middlesex. June 14, 1930, No. 18298. [Class 116.] In order to determine the number of coins of each denomination necessary for a wages-paying &c. operation, the operating mechanism of a moneydelivering machine is caused to operate counting devices. As shown a bank of counters, is temporarily fitted in place of the coin receptacles, the counters 10 being actuated from levers 13, which depend from a shaft 14, through linkages 15, preferably on the return stroke of the ejecting mechanism. Where two receptacles are normally provided for coins of the same denomination, the corresponding levers 13 are connected by a lever 16 to actuate a single counter ; further, where a key marked one shilling normally ejects a sixpence from each of two receptacles a single counter, operated through two steps by one ejector, is provided. The coin counters may be geared to a common totalling counter. The counter mechanism may be permanently embodied in the machine and means are then provided for actuating them in place of or in addition to the coin ejectors.
Patent GB-853123-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in brush type developing apparatus for electrographic printers
IPC: G03G15/08
Filed: 1957-06-11
Abstract: 853,123. Electrophotographic development. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. June 11, 1957 [June 14, 1956], No. 18352/57. Class 98(2) In an electrophotographic printer in which the image is developed by means of a brush which deposits electroscopic powder onto the latent image, air at a controlled humidity is fed to the vicinity of the brush in order to maintain the resistance of the brush fibres between fixed limits. As shown in Fig. 6, air is supplied to the developer brushes 36, 37 through a manifold 34 which is fed by a pipe 39. The humidity of the air is sensed by an element 38 which governs the operation of an atomizer 41 by means of a controller 35. If the humidity is too low, the atomizer is caused to operate and water from reservoir 44 is vaporized into chamber 42. The moisture laden air is blown into line 47 by blower 48 and further advanced to the manifold 34 by blower 49. When the humidity is sufficiently high, element 38 causes the atomizer 41 to become inoperative. A heater may be used to keep the air above ambient temperature. Specification 846,141 is referred to.
Patent GB-1120679-A (GB)
Title: Magnetic recording
IPC: G11B5/008
Filed: 1967-04-21
Abstract: 1,120,679. Magnetic recording and playback. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 21 April, 1967 [10 June, 1966], No. 18363/67. Heading G5R. Signals are recorded on a narrow magnetic transfer strip which is then moved into contact with a wider magnetic recording surface to transfer the recorded signals to a similarly narrow track thereon. As shown, a transfer strip in the form of a fine iron wire 12 embedded in the surface of a non-magnetic rotary cylinder 10 co-operates with a record/playback head 14 and an erase head 16 and with a magnetic tape 20, a bias coil 28 being located on the opposite side of the tape. A multi-track arrangement uses a plurality of transfer strips and associated heads, which may be disposed in staggered formation over one or more cylinders (Fig. 3, not shown).
Patent GB-319415-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the cleaning of carpets and the like textile fabrics
IPC: C11D3/00
Filed: 1928-06-26
Abstract: 319,415. Copland, H., and Copland, J. June 26, 1928. Saponaceous cleansing-compositions for carpets and the like, consist of neutral soap free from resin, " Loftine " or other composition comprising colloidal clay with carbonates and borates of sodium or the like, and " Melior " or other composition comprising soap, soda ash, and soda carbonate.
Patent GB-576110-A (GB)
Title: An improved polyvinyl resin compound suitable for covering electric wires and cables
IPC: H01B3/44
Filed: 1942-12-30
Abstract: A covering for electric wires and cables comprises a compound of (1) polyvinyl chloride and/or copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate of average mol. wt. of 18,000 upwards, which contain vinyl acetate up to 7 per cent by wt., (2) plasticiser, and (3) a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate of average mol. wt. in the range 8000-15,000 and an acetate content of from 8-20 per cent, the proportions in the mixture being such that the acetate in this copolymer forms from 0.5-6.0 per cent of the sum of the weights of this copolymer and the main polyvinyl resin (1). Examples comprise compounds of (1) polyvinyl chloride, a copolymer of 85 per cent vinyl chloride and 15 per cent vinyl acetate of average mol. wt. 9000, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, white lead and ethyl palmitate and (2) a copolymer of 95 per cent vinyl chloride and 5 per cent vinyl acetate (average mol. wt. 20,000), a copolymer of 90 per cent vinyl chloride and 10 per cent vinyl acetate (average mol. wt. 10,000), dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, white lead and ethyl palmitates.
Patent GB-963118-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to mirrors
Inventor: TAYLOR CLAUDE ERIC
IPC: C03C17/38
Filed: 1962-05-15
Abstract: 963,118. Mirrors. DESMO Ltd May 17, 1963 [May 15, 1962], No. 18581/62. Heading G2J. The silvering of a mirror is protected by coating with copper and then overcoating with an epoxy-resin lacquer which is then stove-hardened. The lacquer may be sprayed on. Preferably the epoxy resin and the lacquer may be cross-linked with a vinyl isocyanate.
Patent GB-805995-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to broad stroke pens
IPC: B43K1/04
Filed: 1957-06-12
Abstract: 805,995. Pens. HOWARD HUNT PEN CO., C. June 12, 1957 [Oct. 11, 1956], No. 18600/57. Class 146(3) A pen comprises a plurality of resilient leaves, each leaf having a plurality of substantially parallel slots extending for a substantial distance from the writing end of the pen towards the penholder, the slots of adjacent leaves being staggered with respect to each other, spacers lying between the non-slotted portions of adjacent leaves, and means to secure the leaves and spacers together in a single assembly. The leaves 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 are formed of springy metal, adjacent leaves. preferably being of different metals, e.g. leaves 4, 8, 12, 16 may be stainless steel and leaves 6, 10, 14 brass. Other metals such as springy steel, copper and zinc may be used. The adjacent leaves are separated by spacers 34 which may be of metal and which are situated between the unslotted parts of the leaves. The assembly of leaves and spacers is fastened to a head plate 36 by means of a band 38 which is located in recesses 40 in the leaves, spacers and head plate. The slots 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 in the respective leaves are so arranged that when the pen is assembled the slots in adajcent leaves are not in register with each other. The plate 36 has a shank 42 which may be fitted into a conventional penholder. The outermost leaves 4, 16 are curved inwards .at theirslotted portions so that their forward edges abut against the adjacent leaves. The spaces -between the leaves and the slots act as a reservoir for ink which is fed to the writing edge of the pen primarly through the - slots.
Patent GB-117394-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to Loom Harnesses and Mechanism for Handling the same.
Inventor: IMRAY OLIVER
IPC: D03C9/02
Filed: 1917-12-14
Abstract: 117,394. Imray, O., (American Warp Drawing Machine Co.). Dec. 14, 1917. Healds.-In a loom heald with upper and lower shafts, each heald member has its strands interlaced between the shafts with the strands of the adjacent heald members so that the separation of one eye from the series for drawing-in and like purposes tends to separate the adjacent eye from the series. In a plain heald in which both lower strands 4, Fig. 2, of the heald members are alter. nately on opposite sides of the lower shaft and the top strands of each member are divided by the upper shaft 1, the rear upper strand b<1> of an eye b is interlaced with the front upper strand a<2> of the adjacent eye a and the front upper strand b<2> is interlaced with the rear upper strand c<1> of the other adjacent eye c, so that a series of crossings 7 are formed and the separation of one eye from the series causes the heald members to spread out in fan fashion, as shown. To facilitate handmanipulation of the eyes for drawing-in, a rod 8 &c. is located between the eyes and the crossings 7, the separation being effected by sliding the overlying strands of the eyes along the rod by the finger. When the heald is to be used in the loom, the rod 8 is moved up close to the shaft 1 to raise the crossing and free the spaces between adjacent heald members, the rods being secured to the shaft 1 by tying, clips, &c. Mechanical drawing-in may be performed by a machine of the kind described in Specification 6348/98. An ordinary heald may be arranged to provide adjacent interlaced strands by the addition of leasing-members 16, Fig. 4, one of which maintans the crossings of adjacent front strands e<2>, f<2> and the other the crossings of adjacent back strands f<1>, g<1>. The members 16 may be cords, wires, or rods, and are moved up to the sides of the shaft 1, as shown in dotted lines, before the heald is placed in the loom. The crossings may be formed in any suitable form of heald, and the healds may be employed in machines for uniting and otherwise treating warps where the separation of the eyes or threads in the eyes is desired.
Patent GB-498043-A (GB)
Title: Urea formaldehyde resins
IPC: C08G12/42
Filed: 1937-07-05
Abstract: Hydrocarbon-soluble condensation products are obtained by heating urea and formaldehyde in an alcoholic solvent in the presence of a volatile acidic catalyst and in the absence of water until the product becomes soluble in hydrocarbons, the amount of catalyst being insufficient to cause gelling of the reaction mass when heated to 117 DEG  C. for approximately 10 hours and the water formed by the reaction together with the acidic catalyst being distilled from the solution as the reaction proceeds.  The preferred alcoholic solvent is n-butyl alcohol; ethyl and propyl alcohols may be used with pressure and amyl alcohol with vacuum; alcoholic solvents boiling between 78-137 DEG  C. may be employed at boiling temperatures, but with higher-boiling alcohols, e.g. cyclohexanol and the mono ethers of ethylene and diethylene glycols, the temperature is preferably kept below 120 DEG  C. and removal of water assisted by blowing with an inert gas.  Specified volatile acids are formic, hydrochloric and acetic acids. Preferably 2,5 mols of formaldehyde per mol of urea is employed and the acid catalyst is not added until the dimethylol-urea stage has been reached; alternatively, dimethylol urea may be employed as starting material.  In an example, urea is added to a 40 per cent solution of formaldehyde in butanol, prepared by refluxing butanol with paraformaldehyde in the presence of a small amount of hexamethylenetetramine, and the mixture is heated and then refluxed for 15-30 minutes; formic acid is then added and distillation begun and continued, the temperature gradually rising to 115-117 DEG  C.; water and butanol distilled off are condensed, the butanol being returned to the reaction mixture; after 12-14 hours removal of water and resinification are complete, the resinous product being miscible with monohydric alcohols and esters and almost completely miscible with aromatic hydrocarbons and tolerating dilution with aliphatic hydrocarbons.  Urea may be partly replaced by thiourea or other urea derivative, and formaldehyde may be partly replaced by other aldehydes, e.g. acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde.  The resin solutions may be employed as coating-compositions, alone or blended with other resins, e.g. alkyds, or with nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate. Hardening of films may be accelerated by addition of an acidic catalyst just prior to application.  The resin may be plasticized, e.g. with raw or blown castor oil, phthalic acid esters, tricresylphosphates, and esters of sebacic acid, e.g. glyceryl and p butyl modified or not with oils or their fatty acids.  The resin may be employed as a binding material for moulded or laminated products and as an adhesive, e.g. for plywood.
Patent GB-1006879-A (GB)
Title: Polymerisation process
IPC: C08F4/70
Filed: 1962-05-15
Abstract: Dimers and other low polymers of unsaturated hydrocarbons are obtained by polymerizing the olefin in the presence of a halogenated refractory oxide of an element of Groups III-V (preferably also containing an alkali or alkaline earth metal) which has been treated with a compound containing the group <FORM:1006879/C4-C5/1> in which Ha and Ha1 are the same or different halogens, e.g. as described in Specification 953,187 and 981,691.  Specified monomers are ethylene, propylene, butene-1, 4-methylpentene-1, butadiene, isoprene and styrene.  Polymerization is preferably effected in the presence of a diluent at ambient temperature to 200 DEG  C., 0-1000 p.s.i.g., with a space velocity of 0.1-10 vol./vol./hr.  Examples describe the polymerization of 4-methylpentene-1 to C12-C18 and higher products.
Patent GB-144325-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for the transmission of orders relative to the position of or indication of direction of an object from one place to another
IPC: F41G3/14
Filed: 1916-12-29
Abstract: 144,325. Evershed & Vignoles, and Needham, J. C. Dec. 29, 1916. Methods of sighting.- Relates to electrical apparatus for the transmission of orders as regards direction in two planes, or for the distant control, as regards direction, of guns, by means of an instrument having a single operating-appliance for transmitting or receiving indications in two planes. The instrument comprises a single operating- appliance and has all the parts fixed except the two parts necessary for transmitting or following the orders in the two planes and the parts necessary to move the same. The transmitting and receiving instruments are electrically connected and together form two Wheatstone-bridge arrangements, one resistance preferably forming two adjacent arms of both bridges. Fig. 1 shows a transmitter or receiver, and Figs. 2 and 5 show diagrammatically the electrical connexions, the transmitter being shown at the left, and the receiver at the right. The instrument shown in Fig. 1 comprises a resistance consisting of wire f<2> wound on an insulating-ring, and two contact arms b, e operated by a sight c<1>. The top arm b is operated when the sight is trained and the bottom arm e, through suitable gearing, when the sight is elevated. The resistances of the transmitter and receiver are connected to form a single circuit, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5, and the corresponding contact arms of the two instruments are connected through galvanometers g, h respectively. In use, the sight of the transmitter having been directed, the corresponding operating-member of the receiver, such as a gunsight, is adjusted until the galvanometers show no deflexion. The operating-member of the receiver may be connected directly to the gun or gun mounting. A double transmitter of the kind described may transmit to independent receivers, one for altitude and one for azimuth, and conversely two separate transmitters may transmit altitude and azimuth to a double receiver. The instruments may be modified to correct for convergence.
Patent GB-572178-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to the preparation of sulphonamides
IPC: A61K9/10
Filed: 1943-11-10
Abstract: A compound for therapeutic purposes is produced by the admixture in solution of molecular amounts of sulphathiazole and sulphanilamide, or of equivalent amounts of salts which generate these reactants upon mixing and mixing the resulting compound in a finely powdered condition with a water emulsion of one or more oils.  The compounds are mixed by preparing separate solutions in alcohol or water and mixing the solutions.  The less soluble double compound at once precipitates.  The compound of this invention is preferably used in the form of a water-miscible cream which may be made by adding it in finely powdered condition to an emulsion prepared from cetyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, japan wax emulsified with an aqueous solution of borax.ALSO:A compound for therapeutic purposes is produced by the admixture in solution of molecular amounts of sulphathiazole and sulphanilamide, or of equivalent amounts of salts which generate these reactants upon mixing, and mixing the resulting compound in a finely powdered condition with a water emulsion of one or more oils. The compounds are mixed by preparing separate solutions in alcohol or water and mixing the solutions.  The less soluble double compound at once precipitates.  The compound of this p  invention is preferably used in the form of a water miscible cream which may be made by adding it in finely powdered condition to an emulsion prepared from cetyl alcohol, liquid paraffin, Japan wax emulsified with an aqueous solution of borax.