baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent OA-08634-A (OA)
Inventor: GILBERT LAVEILLE
IPC: C07D403/14
Filed: 1987-07-09
Abstract: The invention relates to 2,6-piperazinedione derivatives of general formula I    <IMAGE>  (I)  in which: A and B each denote a methylene radical or a carbonyl radical with the proviso, however, that A and B never simultaneously denote the same radical, R1 denotes a diphenylmethyl radical optionally substituted on the benzene rings with a halogen atom, a cyclohexyl radical, a pyridylmethyl group, or a benzyl radical optionally substituted with a halogen atom or with an alkoxy radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 denotes a pyrimidinyl radical or a phenyl radical optionally substituted with a halogen atom, with an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with a trifluoromethyl radical or with an alkoxy radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 4, and their addition salts with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.
Patent OA-10360-A (OA)
Inventor: COLLIOT FRANCOIS
IPC: A01N47/02
Filed: 1996-03-25
Abstract: A method for controlling Acrididae, characterised in that a composition containing an active ingredient of formula (I) is applied, wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; X = N or C (also attached to R<5>); R<1> = C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 haloalkyl; R<2> and R<3>, which are the same or different, are a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl group; R<4> = halogen, halomethyl halomethoxy or SF5; R5 and R6, which are the same or different, are a halogen or hydrogen atom, provided that at least one of R<5> and R<6> does not represent the hydrogen atom when X is CR<5>; and R<7> is a cyano group or a halogen atom, or when R<1> is a C1-C4 haloalkyl group, R<7> is a hydrogen or halogen atom, a cyano, haloalkyl or alkyl group. Said composition is applied over strips of land spaced from one another.
Patent OA-10542-A (OA)
Inventor: BRUNOW WOLFGANG GAWRISCH URSUL
IPC: B29C48/90
Filed: 1997-11-28
Abstract: The invention relates to a transparent, amorphous sheet having a thickness in the range from 1 to 20 mm which contains, as principal constituent, a crystallizable thermoplastic, where the surface gloss, measured in accordance with DIN 67530 (measurement angle 20°), is greater than 130, the light transmission, measured in accordance with ASTM D 1003, is greater than 84%, and the haze of the sheet, measured in accordance with ASTM D 1003, is less than 15%, to a process for the production of the sheet, and to the use of the sheet.
Patent PH-16651-A (PH)
Title: Triiodinated bases
Inventor: SPECK ULRICH DR
IPC: C07C237/46
Filed: 1980-07-10
Abstract: Compounds of the formula    <IMAGE>  (I)  wherein X is alkylene, optionally substituted by hydroxy, methoxy or amino; R1 is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups; R3 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups; R4 is hydrogen, C1-4-alkyl, or C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups; R5 is C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups; R6 is hydrogen, C1-4-alkyl or C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups; and R7 is C2-4-alkyl substituted by 1-3 OH groups, or a salt thereof with an acid are useful as opaquing agents in x-ray contrast media.
Patent PH-23387-A (PH)
Title: In vitro detection of gastro intestinal cancer
Inventor: LINNANE ANTHONY WILLIAM
IPC: C07K16/30
Filed: 1985-06-24
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/AU85/00136 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 24, 1986 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 24, 1986 PCT Filed Jun. 21, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO86/00414 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 16, 1986.An in vitro diagnostic method for detecting the presence in a patient of cancer cells or other cells producing mucin antigens comprises the step of testing a sample of a physiological fluid, particularly a sample of blood, blood serum or blood plasma, taken from the patient to detect the presence of small intestine mucin antigen (SIMA) and/or large intestine mucin antigen (LIMA) in the sample. An in vitro diagnostic kit is also disclosed.
Patent PH-22886-A (PH)
Title: Feedstuff additive composition containing 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(4-(oxoalkyl)-1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Inventor: UWE PETERSEN
IPC: C07D215/56
Filed: 1985-06-24
Abstract: The invention relates to 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4 dihydro-4-oxo-7-[4-(oxo-(alkyl)-1-piperazinyl]-quinoline-3-carboxylic acids of Formula (I), processes for their manufacture, compositions containing them and use of said compounds and compositions as antibacterial and/or feedstuff additives.
Patent PH-24280-A (PH)
Title: Antibiotic a 42867 and the addition salts thereof
Inventor: RIVA ERNESTO
IPC: A23K20/195
Filed: 1987-06-30
Abstract: A novel antibiotic, A 42867, is prepared by cultivating the strain Nocardia sp. ATCC 53492, or an antibiotic A 42867-producing mutant or variant thereof, under submerged aerobic conditions in the presence of assimilable sources of carbon, nitrogen and inorganic salts. The antibiotic and its addition salts are useful in the treatment of infectious diseases and as growth promotant agents.
Patent PH-26784-A (PH)
Title: Process for 3-exomethylanecepham sulfoxide esters
Inventor: COPP JAMES DENSMORE
IPC: C07D501/22
Filed: 1990-05-11
Abstract: 3-Exomethylenecepham sulfoxide esters are obtained in improved yields via cyclization of 3-methyl-2-(4-chlorosulfinyl-2-oxo-3-acylamino-1-azetidinyl)-3-butenoic acid esters under anhydrous conditions with stannic chloride in the presence of both an oxo compound, e.g., an ether such as diethyl ether, a ketone such as acetone or methylethyl ketone, and an unsaturated compound, e.g., an alkene such as 1- or 2-hexene, a non-conjugated alkadiene such as 1,4-hexadiene, a cycloalkene such as cyclohexene, an allene, or a non-conjugated cycloalkadiene such as 1,4-cyclohexadiene.
Patent UY-32110-A (UY)
Title: Inhibidores de aminopirimidina de los receptores de histamina para el tratamiento de una enfermedad
Inventor: BORCHARDT ALLEN J
IPC: A61K31/519
Filed: 2009-09-10
Abstract: La presente invención relates a compuestos y métodos que pueden ser útiles como inhibidores de H1R y/o H4R para el tratamiento o la prevención de enfermedades inflamatorias, autoinmunes, alérgicas y oculares.
Patent UY-35628-A (UY)
Title: ?compuestos heteroaromáticos y su uso como ligandos d1 de dopamina?.
Inventor: VIKTOROVICH EFREMOV IVAN
IPC: C07D401/14
Filed: 2014-06-26
Abstract: La presente invención proporciona en parte, compuestos de la Fórmula I: y sales farmacéuticamente aceptables de los mismos; procesos para la preparación de; intermediarios utilizados en la preparación de; y composiciones que contienen tales compuestos o sales, y sus usos para tratar trastornos mediados por D1 (o asociados con D1) que incluyen, por  ejemplo, esquizofrenia (por ejemplo, sus síntomas cognitivos y negativos), discapacidad cognitiva  (por ejemplo, incapacidad cognitiva asociada con esquizofrenia, AD, AP, o terapia de farmacoterapia), deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la edad, demencia, RLS, y enfermedad de Parkinson.
Patent UY-38207-A (UY)
Title: Anticuerpos anti-esclerostina
Inventor: PASZTY CHRISTOPHER
IPC: C12N15/85
Filed: 2006-05-02
Abstract: Se proveen composiciones y métodos relacionados a epítopes de la proteína de esclerostina, y agentes de union, tales como anticuerpos capaces de unirse a la esclerostina. Se proveen composiciones y métodos relacionados a epítopes de la proteína de esclerostina, y agentes de union, tales como anticuerpos capaces de unirse a la esclerostina.
Patent UY-38333-A (UY)
Title: Inhibidores de transglutaminasa 2 (tg2)
Inventor: SERGIO G DURON
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 2019-08-09
Abstract: Se describen en la presente memoria compuestos y composiciones farmacéuticas que contienen tales compuestos que inhiben la transglutaminasa 2 (TG2). También se describen en la presente memoria métodos de utilización de tales inhibidores de TG2, solos o combinados con otros compuestos, para el tratamiento de enfermedades o afecciones que se beneficiarían de la inhibición de TG2.
Patent YU-17595-A (YU)
Title: Postupak mikrobiološke dekontaminacije lekovitog i začinskog bilja primenom peroksida
Inventor: BRANISLAV PEKIC
Filed: 1995-03-16
Abstract: Mikrobiološka dekontaminacija lekovitog i začinskog bilja (droga biljnog porekla) vrši se razblaženim rastvorima peroksida, prvenstveno vodonik peroksida i persirćetne kiseline, raspršenim u vidu fine magle koja ne vlaži biljnu masu. Nakori tretiranja u atmosferi magle od peroksida, biljna masa se podvrgava laminarnoj struji sterilnog vazduha radi otklanjanja zaostale količine peroksida. Ovakvim tretmanom biljne mase uništavaju se vegetativni i sporogeni oblici mikroorganizama, pri čemu ne dolazi do oksidacionih promena aktivnih sastojaka, odnosno ne menjaju se organoleptička i lekovita svojstva dekontaminiranih droga.
Patent YU-57290-A (YU)
Title: Induktivno kapacitivna sonda
Inventor: KRSTIC J
Filed: 1990-03-23
Abstract: INDUKTIVNO KAPACITIVNA SONDA rešava probleme, koji nisu rešeni rešenjima opisanim u stanju tehnike. Suština rešenja je u načinu registrovanja prisutnosti materijala, što je omogućeno električnom šemom, prikazanom na priloženoj slici, odgovarajućim kućištem i sondom (S), koji čine celovit uređaj. Rešenje se sastoji u električnoj vezi kondenzatora (C2), sonde (S), promenljivog otpornika (R6), gate (Gl) MOS-FETs tranzistora (TR) zatim sorta (S) tranzistora (TR) na (-) pol izvora struje kao i gate (G2) MOS-FETs tranzistora (TR) na otpornik (Rl), čiji je drugi kraj vezan na (+) pol izvora struje, te dreiv (D) MOS-FETs tranzistora (TR) sa otpornikom (R2), koji je drugim krajem vezan na (+) pol izvora struje i baze (B) tranzistora (TRI), koji prestavlja naredni pojačivački stepen. Napred opisani stepen sa MOS-FETs tranzistorom (TR), neelektricnu veličinu (prisustvo materijala) pretvara u električnu.
Patent BE-806204-A (BE)
Title: Prepn of 2,4,6-trimethylpheno from a substd phenol and methanol - in vapour phase using a catalyst contg magnesium oxide to methylate the phenol
IPC: C07C37/16
Filed: 1973-10-17
Abstract: The phenol of formula (I): (where R1 and R2 are each H or CH3) and the methanol are reacted at 400-500 degrees C and are contacted with the catalyst at a rate 0.4/hr. (sum of wt. in gms. of phenol and MeOH/wt. is gms. of catalyst/hr) pref. rate being 0.1-0.2/hr. The one-step method gives high yield.
Patent BE-898067-A (BE)
Title: Swivelable drawer pull ring - is secured via U-bracket with sides recessed for snap-in engagement in openings of mounting base
IPC: A47B95/02
Filed: 1983-10-24
Abstract: The pull ring fixture is intended for a furniture drawer. It comprises the ring (1) itself with a cylindrical portion (2) to act as swivel pivot. A base element (7) is securable to the drawer and provided with two openings (6). - A U-shaped bracket (3) is placed over the pivot and has its two sides (4) recessed (5) such that, on insertion in the openings, the recesses form a snap-in connection behind inclined faces (9,10) provided near the openings. After insertion, the areas around the openings may be mechanically depressed to produce a firmer engagement with the recesses.(1/2)
Patent BE-899269-A (BE)
Title: Procede et appareil de memorisation d'une image en couleur.
IPC: H04N1/00
Filed: 1984-03-28
Abstract: On compte des signaux d'horloge avec une fréquence nettement supérieure à la cadence des pixels des données vidéo depuis le début de chaque ligne contenant des pixels, des pixels successifs étant introduits sous forme numérique dans un registre sous la commande des signaux d'horloge et le pixel se trouvant dans le registre lorsque le compteur a compté un nombre prédéterminé de signaux d'horloge est introduit dans une mémoire numérique, le nombre prédéterminé de signaux d'horloge pour chaque ligne étant fixé à une valeur différente pour les images de trame successives, de telle sorte que l'image mémorisée comprend l'accumulation de différents pixels lus à partir du registre dans la mémoire numérique.
Patent BE-901138-A (BE)
Title: Enzyme et composition d'enzymes degradant les pentosanes, leurs procedes d'obtention et d'application.
IPC: A23F5/16
Filed: 1984-11-27
Abstract: L'invention concerne une composition d'enzyme présentant une activité de pentosanase, en particulier à des températures élevées, et son procédé d'obtention, La composition est préparée par fermentation de Talaromyces emersonie, en particulier de la souche IMI 116815, et éventuellement par des moyens d'augmentation de l'activité de pentosanase par rapport à d'autres activités enzymatiques. Applications à la cuisson du pain, à la fabrication de l'amidon, à la production de fourrages ensilés mixtes et d'aliments pour animaux, à l'extraction du thé et du café, etc.
Patent BE-902309-A (BE)
Title: Porte-articles du type enveloppant, flan pour celui-ci et caisse pour porte-articles utilisee a cet effet.
Inventor: BAKX M
IPC: B65D71/16
Filed: 1985-04-29
Abstract: Porte-articles du type enveloppant pour récipients de boisson, telles que bouteilles (B), comprenant des panneaux supérieurs (20) et inférieurs reliés entre eux par des parois latérales espacées pour former une structure tubulaire, ce porte-articles comprenant en outre une fente (S1, S2) s'étendant à travers le panneau inférieur et dans les deux parois latérales en direction, mais en s'arretant prématurément de la paroi supérieure de maniére à ce qu'il puisse etre empalé sur une cloison appropriée prévue dans une caisse, flan pour celui-ci et caisse utilisée à cet effet.
Patent BE-902327-A (BE)
Title: Detecteur pour la mesure qualitative du rayonnement uv recu par la peau.
IPC: G01J1/50
Filed: 1985-04-30
Abstract: Un détecteur pour la mesure qualitative du rayonnement UV reçu par la peau consiste en un agencement laminaire (1) d'une matière photochrome (3) et d'une matière de référence (6) sur un support transparent (2) qui est appliqué sur la peau. La matière de référence (6) est avantageusement un colorant dont la nuance est très proche de celle de la matière photochrome (3) après exposition à une quantité déterminée au préalable de rayonnement UV, cette dernière quantité étant celle tolérable par la peau.
Patent BE-904797-A (BE)
Title: Zeolite de type omega a stabilite thermique elevee son procede de preparation et son utilisation comme catalyseur.
Inventor: FAJULA FRANCOIS
IPC: C07C31/125
Filed: 1986-05-21
Abstract: Zéolite obtenue par cristallisation à partir d'une solution mère contenant une source de silice, d'alumine, un oxyde métallique, un cation organique et de l'eau, dans laquelle la source d'alumine est un aluminoscilicate cristalin dont au moins une partie est en suspension dans la solution mère.
Patent CA-1043522-A (CA)
Inventor: LOHWASSER HERMANN
IPC: D01F8/08
Filed: 1974-09-25
Granted: 1978-12-05
Abstract: COMPOSITE FIBRES AND YARNS OF   ACRYLONITRILE POLYMERS     Abstract of the Disclosure The invention relates to a spontaneously crimping composite fibre of acrylonitrile polymers in which one of the fibre-forming component has a content of copolymerized esters up to 6 % by weight and another fibre-forming component a content of copolymerized esters which is from 2 to 6 % by weight higher whereby at least one of the fibre-forming components contains as copolymerized ester at least 2 % by weight of isobutene-diacetate and the total quantity of the copolymerized esters in one fibre-forming component does not exceed 12 % by weight.
Patent CA-1060991-A (CA)
Inventor: CROOKSHANKS REX J
IPC: G11C11/02
Filed: 1975-01-29
Granted: 1979-08-21
Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure A three wire 3D core memory which utilizes the same balanced pairs of sense-inhibit conductors to conduct both high energy common mode inhibit currents and low energy differential mode core switching signals includes pairs of antiparallel Schottky diodes interconnecting the conductor  pairs at symmetrical positions therealong intermediate the cores of each memory mat. As high energy common mode inhibit currents are generated small deviations from perfect symmetry of electrical characteristics along the sense-inhibit conductors results in the appearance of differential voltages which are substantial in comparison to switching signal voltages.  The sense-inhibit recovery time required for dissipation of these spurious differential voltage signals before a memory read cycle can proceed consumes a sub-stantial portion of a memory cycle for large stacks.  The Schottky diodes substantially reduce this recovery time to greatly improve memory cycle time by limiting the differential voltages to the low threshold forward conduction voltage thereof and by appearing as transmission line discontinuities to break up differential voltage signals which remain after termination of an inhibit current into higher frequency harmonic components which are more rapidly attenuated.  The Schottky diodes have no substantial effect upon the sensed output switching signals because the threshold forward bias voltage of the Schottky diodes is greater than the peak switching signal voltage.
Patent CA-1054623-A (CA)
Title: O,o,o',o'-tetraalkyl, o,o'-vinylidene-p-phenylenephosphorothioates and compositions containing the same
Inventor: SCHRIDER M
IPC: A01N57/14
Filed: 1975-03-19
Granted: 1979-05-15
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE           This invention relates to 0,0,0',0'-tetraalkyl(C1-C4) 0,0'-vinylenedi-p-phenylene phosphorothioates, compositions containing said compounds as the active component and to methods of use thereof.  The compounds are useful in control-ling siphonaptera infestations.
Patent CA-1042067-A (CA)
Inventor: BEATTY THEODORE R
IPC: H01M10/34
Filed: 1975-04-01
Granted: 1978-11-07
Abstract: FLAT ALKALINE CELL CONSTRUCTION                   Abstract of the Disclosure A flat alkaline cell is described which comprises an electrode assembly including at least a pair of flat electrode elements of opposite polarity, a porous separator containing the alkaline electrolyte interposed between and in contact with the pair of electrode elements and a current collector disposed adjacent to and in electrical connection with one of the pair of electrode elements at one end of the electrode assembly, wherein the electrode assembly is enclosed within a sealed, liquid impervious plastic film envelope having an opening in one wall thereof which exposes the current collector for making external electrical connection, and wherein a layer of an adhesive sealant which is non-wettable by the alkaline electrolyte, tightly adheres and seals together the current collector and the wall of the envelope at least around the periphery of the opening.
Patent CA-1044242-A (CA)
Inventor: PIGEROL CHARLES
IPC: C08K5/3412
Filed: 1975-06-17
Granted: 1978-12-12
Abstract: ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:      2-phenyl-indole derivatives having the following general formula:                                     (I) wherein R represents a phenyl group, amino group, optionally substituted by an acetyl or benzoyl group, a mercapto group, optionally substituted by a branched-or straight-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or by a cyclohexyl radical, a carboxyl radical, a group R1O-, wherein R1 represents an atom of hydrogen, an isopropyl, carboxymethyl, carbethoxy-methyl, carbethoxyisopropyl, acetyl, docosanoyl, benzoyl, benzyl, or allyl radical or a branched-or straight-chain alkyl radical containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.  The derivatives of formula (I) have been found to be particularly valuable as stabilizers of polymers and co-polymers intended to be formed by extrusion-moulding , blow-moulding and calendering, mainly but not solely with a view to manufacturing containers for food and drink, such as, for example, bottles for wine, oil, vinegar and mineral water.
Patent CA-1042590-A (CA)
Inventor: BATIUK MARTIN
IPC: C08L23/16
Filed: 1975-09-23
Granted: 1978-11-14
Abstract: THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER BLENDS OF (1) EPDM POLYMER HAVING A HIGH DEGREE OF UNSTRETCHED CRYSTALLINITY WITH (2) POLYETHYLENE             ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE          EPDM polymers having a high degree of unstretched crystallinity are physically blended with polyethylene poly-mers.  The blends exhibit superior tensile strength, better than that predicted from their additive individual effects. The thermoplastic polymer blends are useful to prepare molded products, tubing, liners, and like products.
Patent CA-1044831-A (CA)
Inventor: DANNER DEAN W
IPC: H04M1/65
Filed: 1976-04-02
Granted: 1978-12-19
Abstract: TITLE               TAPE MONITORING AND CONTROL FOR CENTRALLY LOCATED AUTOMATIC ANSWERING          AND RECORDING EQUIPMENT                         ABSTRACT A telephone answering and recording system designed for installation in a centralized location remote from the customer's premises.  A single subscriber's line is employed in both normal operation between the customer's regular tele-phone subset and the centrally located answering and recording equipment.  Included in the answering and recording equipment is circuitry which detects and advises the customer when an included tape in the answering and recording equipment mech-anism has stopped or reached its beginning position.  Also included in the answering and recording equipment is circuitry which permits automatic reset of the tape mechanism.
Patent CA-1071632-A (CA)
Inventor: HEYMES ALAIN
IPC: A61P25/04
Filed: 1976-04-08
Granted: 1980-02-12
Abstract: Process for the preparation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno [3,2-c]-pyridine derivatives ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE      This invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-thieno [3,2-c]-pyridine derivatives having the formula:                (I)   in which R1 is hydrogen or   alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms;    R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a phenyl or benzyl radical optionally substituted with at least one halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a trifluoromethyl or nitro group;R3 represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical optionally substituted with at least one halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, a trifluoromethyl group or a nitro group, and their acid addition salts.           Said derivatives have an anti-inflammatory and antalgic activity that makes them valuable in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory and painful phenomena in rheumatology, neurology, traumatology and odontostomatology.
Patent CA-1079036-A (CA)
Inventor: COVER WILLIAM S
IPC: H01R43/01
Filed: 1976-04-22
Granted: 1980-06-10
Abstract: WIRE TERMINATION APPARATUS     Abstract of the Disclosure A machine for semi-automatically trimming insulated conductor wires and inserting the trimmed wires into solderless terminals in connectors for effecting solderless conductive termination of the wires therein, with positioning control of the wires during prepositioning beside the connector and subsequent severance and transference into the terminals of the connector.  The machine is capable of effecting such terminations in a variety of connectors.
Patent CA-1045333-A (CA)
Inventor: DAUSSAN HENRI J
IPC: B22D11/10
Filed: 1976-06-17
Granted: 1979-01-02
Abstract: VESSELS FOR TRANSFERRING LIQUID METAL     Abstract of the Disclosure The permanent refractory lining of a liquid metal transfer vessel is covered with a removable heat-insulation lining formed of inorganic particles embedded in a binder, the particles being sinterable at the temperature of the liquid metal to be introduced into the vessel.  The liquid metal is thus prevented from coming into contact with the permanent lining and any danger of solidification of metal and damage to this latter is consequently removed.
Patent CA-1063752-A (CA)
Inventor: WONDOLOWSKI LAWRENCE
IPC: B32B7/12
Filed: 1976-07-07
Granted: 1979-10-09
Abstract: ABSTRACT     High speed corrugating adhesives are provided based upon the use of certain saponifiable starch ester materials.  These are prepared in situ by introducing a carboxylic acid anhydride into an aqueous slurry of granular starch, and saponifying with alkali the ester formed.  The specific formu-lations described have superior properties that permit higher corrugating machine speeds.