baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1115055-A (GB)
Title: Film deposition in an evacuated chamber
IPC: H01J37/36
Filed: 1965-08-13
Abstract: <PICT:1115055/C6-C7/1> An adherent film is deposited on a substrate 20 connected as cathode from material supported by a filament 26 connected as anode by evacuating the apparatus at 28, introducing gas at 30 to give a pressure between 10 and 100 microns of mercury, applying a voltage between the anode and cathode to form a glow discharge 32 with a dark space 31 around the cathode thereby bombarding the substrate with positive ions of the gas, maintaining the glow discharge for a period of time to clean the substrate, and evaporating from the filament material to be deposited into a positive glow region of the glow discharge where atoms of the material are positively ionized and accelerated toward the substrate together with un-ionized thermal atoms of the material. A direct current voltage in excess of 1000 is employed.  The material to be evaporated may be in the form of a winding, be in a boat or be in the form of stranded wire. Fig. 4 (not shown) illustrates apparatus where a substrate (52) is kept cold during deposition. The substrate may be metallic, a semi-conductor or an insulator.  Where it is non-conductive a cathodic mesh grid (48) Fig. 3 (not shown) may be placed in front of it.  The gas may be inert and may have some reactive gas mixed with it.  Reactive gas combines with ions of evaporated material at the surface of the substrate to give a compound film on the surface.  The gas may be A, He or A and O. Examples are of depositing Au, Al, Mo, Ta and W.  Metals may be deposited on metals with which they are non-soluble, thus the following couples may be produced Ag-Fe, Cu-Mo, Ag-Ni, Ag-Mo, Au-Mo, Ni-Pb and Ag-W.  Details are given for depositing (1) Al on Fe with prior cleaning in dilute nitric acid, (2) Au on Si, (3) Ti on high alumina ceramics, and (4) Al2O3 on Cu using a 10% O2-90% A gas mixture.
Patent GB-836764-A (GB)
Title: A method for hydrolysis of starch
IPC: C13K1/06
Filed: 1958-10-30
Abstract: <PICT:0836764/IV (a)/1> The hydrolysis of starch in an acid water suspension, while heating, is characterized in that the starch suspension is brought to flow through a rotating chamber whose wall is heated on the outside.  The hydrolysis is preferably carried out continuously. To be further hydrolysed, the starch suspension, after leaving the rotating chamber, is heated in a closed chamber to over 100 DEG  C. and is kept there during the time required for completing the hydrolysis to the desired degree.  In the Figure, a starch suspension is adjusted to pH 1.7 with hydrochloric acid in container 1 and heated to 40 DEG  to 50 DEG  C. by steam passed through coil 5. The suspension is then pumped into a heater 9 comprising a conical rotor 10, which may be of the type described in Specification 797,962, heated externally by steam supplied to housing 11 by pipe 12.  The suspension is led by pipe 14 into the narrow end of the rotor, and is pared out from the wide end by a stationary paring tube 15.  The suspension remains in the rotor for 1/2 to 1 second and is heated to 95 DEG  C.  For further hydrolysis, e.g. to glucose, the starch solution is treated further in plate heat-exchanger 16 and heated to 130 DEG  to 150 DEG  C. for 2 to 15 minutes under a hydraulic pressure of 1/2 atmos. to prevent steam generation.  The product is passed to expansion vessel 24 where steam is boiled off and the hydrolysed product taken out through 26 is neutralized and further purified. Depending on the degree of hydrolysis there may be obtained, for instance, 96% glucose, or a starch syrup containing 38% reductive sugar and 62% of dextrins.
Patent GB-867506-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to brake control systems
Inventor: KWASNICA ADAM WAWRZYNIEC ANTON
IPC: B66B1/44
Filed: 1956-11-16
Abstract: 867,506. Automatic deceleration control systems. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Oct. 23, 1957 [Nov. 16, 1956], No. 25121/56. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XXXIV] A control system for limiting a braking effect in response to an electric signal, which is derived from a deceleration rate obtained by this effect comprises a coil 11 arranged to cause, when energized, reduction of the braking effect, and connected to the output of an amplifier 8, the input of which is supplied by the control signal current direction and strength discriminating means (i.e. the rectifier 5 and resistor 6) being included in the input circuit of the amplifier. As supplied to the electrically controlled brake for controlling a winder motor 2, the winder motor drives a tachometer generator 1, which as shown in Fig. 1 energizes the primary winding 3 of a transformer, so that the value of the voltage appearing across the secondary winding 4 of the transformer depends upon the rate of change of voltage generated in the tacho-generator 1. The secondary winding 4 of the transformer depends upon the rate of change of voltage generated in the tacho-generator 1. The secondary winding 4 is connected in a circuit including a rectifier 5 and a non-linear resistor 6 so that the rectifier 5 selectively allows current to excite the control coil 7 of a magnetic amplifier 8 only when the winder motor is decelerating and the resistor 6 prevents such current becoming effective until the voltage reaches a predetermined value. The operating coil 11 of a brake relay is therefore not made effective until the winder motor 2 is decelerating at some particular predetermined rate. In a second embodiment, the transformer 3, 4 is replaced by a capacitor and resistor, the rectifier and non-linear resistor being connected to a point therebetween. In a third embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, a similar arrangement is used but with a resistor R2 of high impedance value compared to the inductance L2.
Patent GB-1277334-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for measuring permittivity
Inventor: BERGMANIS KARLIS ALFREDOVICH
IPC: G01R27/26
Filed: 1970-07-21
Abstract: 1277334 Measuring permittivity INSTITUT MEKHANIKI POLIMEROV AKADEMII NAUK LATVIISKOI S.S.R. 21 July 1970 [17 Feb 1970] 35225/70 Heading G1U In order to measure the permittivity of a block of material 4, three electrodes 1, 2, 3 connected to an oscillator 5, are placed in contact with the material, the third electrode 3 being connectible 6 to either of the other two, 1, 2, and the following operations are performed:- (1) With the third electrode connected to the first electrode 1, cycles of the oscillator 5 output are counted positively for a first period, by a counter 10 which is zeroised 18 prior to counting, and (2) With the third electrode connected to the second electrode 2, cycles of the oscillator 5 are counted negatively for a second period, the counter starting from the count attained at the end of the first period. Providing certain design considerations-discussed in the Specification-are met, the final count is proportional to the required permittivity.
Patent GB-1476141-A (GB)
Title: Pulse-width-modulated servo system
IPC: H02P7/00
Filed: 1974-08-09
Abstract: 1476141 Automatic control systems GENERAL ELECTRIC CO 9 Aug 1974 [12 Oct 1973] 35227/74 Heading G3R A circuit for reversibly drilling a D.C. motor 10 from a D.C. source 14 at a commanded velocity comprises: a 4-arm switching bridge 11a-11d one diagonal being connected with the motor 10 and the other with the source 14; 4 diodes 15a-15d respectively in parallel with the switching elements and poled so as to conduct current to the positive terminal of source 14; means 26 for generating a signal proportional to the actual velocity of the motor 10, current sensing means 27 for generating a current limit signal having a first value when the motor armature current is less than a selected  value and having a value proportional to the current when this is greater than the selected value; a summing amplifier (31), (46) Fig. 2 (not shown) responsive to a commanded velocity signal and to the actual velocity signal for generating a velocity error signal; circuit means responsive to the proportional value of the current limit signal for causing the velocity error signal to be modified so that the motor armature current is limited and switch control means responsive to the velocity error signal for operating the switch elements 11a-11d. Preferably the switch elements are operated by a drive signal which is a function of the difference between the commanded velocity and the motor armature voltage. Additionally circuit means 17 may be connected to the D.C. source which provides a signal having a first level when the voltage across the capacitor 16 acting to smooth the D.C. source rises beyond a first limit, and a second level when this voltage falls below a second limit, there being a switch 18a in series with resistor 18b which is responsive to the first level of the signal to close the switch 18a and thereby to discharge the capacitor 16 which may be charged too highly by the motor 10 over-running. A resistor 12a-12d may be connected in series with each switch 11a-11d, and gates 21, 22 and circuit 24 together produce a signal to set a latch circuit if the voltage across any one of the resistors exceeds a predetermined value and thereby open all the switches 11a-11d until the latch is reset by an operator. Detailed circuitry of the major components of Fig. 1 is provided.
Patent GB-957192-A (GB)
Title: A method and material for the production of photographic images
IPC: D06P1/00
Filed: 1960-10-14
Abstract: 957,192. Photographic method and material. AGFA A.G. Oct. 14, 1960 [Oct. 15, 1959; Sept. 2, 1960], No. 35331/60. Heading G2C. Images are made by exposing in the presence of an organic compound containing a trihalogenomethyl group in which the halogen atoms are iodine, bromine or chlorine atoms, a material containing an aromatic hydroxy compound containing at least two condensed benzene rings or heterocyclic compound containing an activated CH-ring-member which is capable of reacting with a diazonium compound to form an azo compound. A material for the purpose may comprise one or more layers containing both of these compounds. Alternatively, a material comprising the aromatic hydroxy compound or the heterocyclic compound may be imagewise exposed in a vapour of the halogen compound. The decomposition products from the exposure of the halogen compound combine directly with the other compound to form dye images without further treatment, and unexposed halogen compound may be vaporized away or removed by solvents. The trihalogeno compound may be chloroform, bromoform, iodoform, CHCl 2 I, CHClBr 2 , trichloro- or tribromoacetic acids and derivatives thereof, 1, 1, 1- trichloroalkanes and α, α, α-trichlorotoluene. The heterocyclic compound may be an indole, carbazole, thiazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinolene, thiophene, oxazole, imidazole pyrazole or acridine. Other compounds are specified. Specifications 260,460, 265,769, 269,806 and 270,386 are referred to
Patent GB-176174-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in spanners or wrenches
IPC: B25B23/00
Filed: 1920-12-18
Abstract: 176,174. Hinks, L. S. Dec. 18, 1920. Ratchet wrenches; handles.-In rigid-jaw wrenches of the kind in which the handle is frictionally clutched to the head, either of these members is provided with projecting studs engaging a ring segment rigidly fixed to the other member. As shown, a handle c, Figs. 4 and 6, is provided with studs c<3>, c<4> engaging a ring segment a<3> integral with a head a so that when held radially the handle is free to swing relatively to the head, and when a nut is engaged the handle swings out of the radial position and frictionally grips the head. The handle c has a flat extension c<2> against which the head a engages, whereby the latter is easily detachable and may be replaced by heads of different sizes. A spring-pressed pin c<5> engaging a groove a<4> in the head prevents unintentional detachment of the parts. The handle c may be in two parts pivoted at d, Fig. 7.
Patent GB-1146324-A (GB)
Title: Variable ratio friction gears
Inventor: MAGILL GEORGE MAURICE MARTIN
IPC: F16H61/662
Filed: 1965-03-09
Abstract: 1,146,324. Variable-speed friction gears. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. 9 March, 1966, No. 35635/67. Divided out of 1,146,321. Heading F2D. The subject-matter is identical with that of the parent Specification, but the claims are directed to the arrangement of the friction roller carriages (30) and mounting spiders (26, 27).
Patent GB-767364-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sack holders
IPC: B65B67/12
Filed: 1954-12-09
Abstract: 767,364. Sack holders. BENZ, A. Dec. 9, 1954 [Dec. 14, 1953], No. 35675/54. Class 58. A sack holder comprises a stand, arms 10, adjustable in height, for holding a sack open, a device incorporating a spring 12 for urging the arms upwards and a device which enables the sack to be held in a lowered position leaving the operator's hands free. According to Figs. 1 and 5, the arms are mounted on a stirrup 9 pivoted between the arms 7 of a crossbar 6 supported on a pillar 1a sliding adjustably in a tube 1 mounted on a base 2. A chain 22 attached to the stirrup and crossbar limits the upward swing of the arms 10. The latter can be retained in their lowered position by a latch 16 which can be released by moving a lever 17 against the pull of a spring 20 which tends to keep the latch in its locking position. One arm 10 may be moved along the stirrup and fixed in a desired position by a set-screw. The arms carry prongs 10a having outwardly turned ends 10b. According to Figs. 8 and 9, the arms 10 are fixed obliquely on the crossbar 6, which is mounted on a tubular column 1a sliding over a pillar 1. The column is urged upwardly by the spring 12 and is provided with treads 27 on which the operator places a foot to hold the arms in their lowered position.
Patent GB-1200884-A (GB)
Title: Improved bituminous slurries
Inventor: BLOTT JOHN FREDERICK THOMAS
IPC: C08L95/00
Filed: 1966-08-09
Abstract: 1,200,884. Bitumen emulsion. SLURRY SEAL Ltd. 21 Sept., 1967 [9 Aug., 1966], No. 35693/66. Heading B1V. [Also in Division C3] An aqueous bitumous emulsion contains an anionic emulsifier which is an organic sulphate or sulphonate. It may be made by stirring molten bitumen, e.g. of PEN 65-450 (25‹C) into hot NaOH or KOH solution and adding the emulsifier, which may be an alkali-metal alkyl, aryl, or alkyl-aryl, sulphate or sulphonate; preferably the alkyl group has 7-18 C atoms. The emulsion may contain 60% wt. bitumen. The emulsion may be mixed with (a) fine mineral aggregate, (b) water, and (c) a source of multivalent metal ions, to render the emulsion unstable and cause quick setting. (c) may be Fe+++, Al+++, Ca<SP>++</SP>, or Mg<SP>++</SP>, e.g. as Ca(OH) 2 , CaCl 2 , or Al2(SO 4 ) 3 ,or as Portland cement, in amounts of, e.g. 0.2-2% wt based on wt. of emulsion. (c) may be present in or added to (a), (b) or a filler.
Patent GB-841470-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to fruit packing trays
IPC: B65D85/34
Filed: 1957-10-29
Abstract: 841,470. Moulded trays for packing fruit. MARTELLI, G., MARTELLI, N., and MARTELLI, F. Oct. 29, 1957 [July 15, 1957], No. 35723/59. Divided out of 841,380. Class 18. A fruit-packing tray comprises a flat sheet formed with a number of spaced hollow substantially frustro-pyramidal projections 3, Fig. 3, arranged at the apices of imaginary equilateral triangles, one triangle being shown in broken lines. In Fig. 1, hollow frustro-pyramidal protuberances 4 are included between the projections 3, the protuberances 4 being lower than the projections 3 to allow venting. The resulting pockets 2 may be ribbed as at 6. The trays may be of cardboard, paper mache or synthetic resin, such as polyvinyl or polyacrylate resins, having a thickness of from 0À1 to 0À3 mm.
Patent GB-1441305-A (GB)
Title: Device for the protection of inverters
IPC: H02H7/122
Filed: 1973-07-26
Abstract: 1441305 Inverting BBC BROWN BOVERI & CO Ltd 26 July 1973 [28 July 1972 29 Aug 1972] 35733/73 Heading H2F In a bridge inverter having at least two series circuits connected across D.C. supply 2, each series branch including at least two thyristors 11, 14 with inverse diodes 35, 38, means being provided for monitoring the current in each branch and, in response to a signal indicative of simultaneous conduction of all thyristors of any one branch, turning on all other thyristors A L.C. commutating circuit 3, 7, 8 ... 10 is provided having a period at least twice as long as the longest recovery time of the thyristors so that all thyristors are turned off on the next half cycle of oscillation following their simultaneous triggering. As described, each inductor 8 ... 10, 18 ... 20 has a secondary winding 8A ... 10A, 18A ... 20A, the secondary windings (such as 9A and 19A) of each series branch are connected in series and fed to a respective integrator 33 feeding a comparator 21 which provides a signal in response to simultaneous conduction of the thyristors of any one branch. A signal is thus fed to pulse control device 22 so as to turn on all of the main thyristors 11 ... 16 together with auxiliary thyristors 17 and 32. After turning off by the L.C. commutating circuit, the breaker 4 may be opened. Alternatively, the pulse control device 22 may then operate in the normal manner in response to a zero current signal from comparator 21. Further signals at 34a ... 34c may be provided which respectively indicate in which branch the commutation failure occurred. In Fig. 1 (not shown), the secondary windings 8A ... 20A are replaced by a separate current transformer in series with each branch.
Patent GB-994792-A (GB)
Title: High pressure rotary spherical fluid control valve
IPC: F16K5/06
Filed: 1961-10-04
Abstract: 994,792. Valves. GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION. Oct. 4, 1961 [Oct. 7, 1960], No. 35741/61. Heading F2V. The one-piece stainless-steel housing 10, Fig. 1, of a rotary spherical valve has stepped bores 12 and 14 which communicate via a passage 22 in the valve closure 30 mounted in a space between stepped seats 26, 28; the closure incorporates annular shoulders 36, 38 and trunnions 32, 34 in bearings 50, 44, whilst an annular bearing 66 co-operates with shoulder 36 and bearing 44 engages shoulder 38. The closure 30 is provided with an operating handle 50 that is rotatable between stops, not shown; flats may be formed on the closure 30 whereby the passage 22 is shorter than the diameter of the closure sphere 30. Corrugated springs 68, 70 urge the seats against the closure 30, which seats may be made of molybdenum disulphide impregnated nylon or P.T.F.E.; the seating surfaces may be conical (Fig. 2, not shown), to effect a line contact with the closure or a larger contact area is realized, as in Fig. 3, by adding a step 73c to the conical surface. An annular retaining ring 78 is also employed with each seat; the valve may incorporate one seat only.
Patent GB-1525481-A (GB)
Title: Internal combustion process and internal combustion engin
IPC: F02B41/06
Filed: 1975-08-29
Abstract: 1525481 External compression IC engine K KIENER 29 Aug 1975 35763/75 Heading F1B In an I.C. engine, compressed heated combustion air and compressed heated combustible gas are mixed together in a burner nozzle 37, ignited by self ignition, and burnt substantially stoichiometrically expanding in the cylinder portion 40 at constant pressure. Compression is arranged to be isothermal and the heating is by exhaust gas heat exchanger 16. The combustible gas may be a fuel, solid or liquid, carburretted by a portion of the heated combustion air (Fig. 1) or may be a gaseous fuel, separately compressed, and heated by exchanger 16 Fig. 3 (not shown). Cylinder portion 40 and the piston interior have insulated walls to prevent heat loss and ensure complete combustion and the power output is controlled by valve 34 which controls the filling of the cylinder, a projection 36, (Fig. 4), ensuring the correct mixing point of the gas and air. For solid fuels, a dual carburetter system Fig. 2 (not shown) may be used. Superheated steam from an evaporator 20, (Fig. 1), may be used to reduce the temperature in the burner.
Patent GB-467917-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to universal joints
IPC: F16D3/38
Filed: 1935-12-24
Abstract: 467,917. Universal joints. SAUSSARD, L., and SAUSSARD, A. Dec. 24, 1935, No. 35787. Convention date, Dec. 24, 1934. [Class 80 (ii)] A universal joint comprises a cross-head member 3 secured to the shaft 1 and provided with integral trunnions 3a which pivot in a diametrically split ring 4 having trunnions 4c at right-angles to the trunnions 3a, which pivot in a second outer diametrically split ring 5 secured to the shaft 2. The crosshead member 3 is also provided with a further cylindrical bearing surface 3b which fits in a corresponding surface 4b in the ring 4, and the ring 4 has cylindrical and conical bearing surfaces 4d and 4e fitting into corresponding surfaces 5d and 5e in the ring 5. The ring 5 is secured in a cylindrical housing 6 on the shaft 2 and spherical covers 7 and 8 are provided on the housing 6 and shaft 1 respectively with a sealing ring 10 for the exclusion of dirt &c. A further outer ring may be provided between the ring 5 and the housing 6, with inner and outer spherical bearing surfaces co-operating with complementary surfaces on the ring 5 and housing 6 respectively, pivotal connections also being provided so that a double universal joint is formed.
Patent GB-493810-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the preparation of resinous coating compositions
IPC: C08G12/40
Filed: 1937-12-28
Abstract: Resinous coating - compositions, forming stable solutions in hydrocarbon solvents, are produced by condensing a mixture of urea, formaldehyde and the fatty acid of a drying or semi-drying oil in an alcoholic solvent, distilling off the whole or part of the alcoholic solvent and diluting the residue with a hydrocarbon solvent such as xylol or solvent naphtha.  A small proportion of maleic anhydride is preferably added before the distillation step. The alcoholic solvent is preferably sparingly soluble in water. Natural resins, e.g. colophony, esterified colophony or fused copal, or synthetic resins, e.g. phenolic or oil-modified glycerol-phthalic anhydride resins, may be added in the first part of the process.  The product may be blended with plasticizers, e.g. thionyl and dibutyl phthalates, blown castor oil, &c.  In an example, urea, paraformaldehyde and fatty acids from soya bean oil are dissolved in butyl alcohol and heated to 100-101 DEG  C. for 1 hour, after which a small proportion of maleic anhydride is added and the greater part of the butyl alcohol is distilled off under vacuum; the residue is diluted with xylol and filtered.  In a second example, linseed oil fatty acids are employed and the product is diluted with solvent naphtha.
Patent GB-1430280-A (GB)
Title: Digital goniometry
IPC: G01D5/38
Filed: 1973-07-27
Abstract: 1430280 Photo-electric goniometer ASAHI KOGAKU KOGYO K K 27 July 1973 [28 July 1972] 35852/73 Heading G1A A digital goniometer comprises a transmission diffraction grating 2 on a stationary disc 4 journalled on a shaft 9 carrying a rotatable disc 3 which has a reflective surface and is skewed relative to the stationary disc 4, so that light from source 1 (a laser or mercury-arc lamp) passes through the grating, is reflected from the rotatable disc and generates a pattern of moirÚ fringes which is viewed by a photo-electric cell 8, feeding a processing circuit which generates an output pulse for every ten minutes of arc displacement of the shaft 9. The grating may have two sections misaligned by one quarter pitch Fig. 4 (not shown) and two photo-electric elements (19a, 19b) whereby sine and cosine signals may be obtained to increase the measurement resolution. A plurality of grating portions in the grating plane spaced about the rotary axis may be provided Fig. 7 (not shown).