baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-687351-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in voltage regulators for electric generators
IPC: H02P9/32
Filed: 1949-07-01
Abstract: 687,351. Automatic voltage regulators. BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO., Ltd.. and WHITELEY, A. L. June 28, 1950 [July 1, 1949], No. 17484/49. Class 38 (iv). The voltage of an alternator is controlled by varying the excitation according to the difference between the exciter terminal voltage and the alternator voltage so that regulation tends to be effected even when there is a shortcircuit fault on the alternator. As shown, an alternator 1 has an exciter 2 having its field 2a energized according to the difference between the terminal voltage of the exciter 2 and an amplidyne pilot exciter 4. The pilot exciter 4 has two control fields: (a) field 5 energized through a rectifier 6, to produce an opposing voltage in the pilot exciter; (ii) field 8 energized from a valve amplifier 14 to oppose the field 5. The valve 14 is controlled through a glow-lampbridge energized from the alternator, and providing an inverting effect so that a decrease in alternator volts produces an increase in excitation of field 8, thereby producing a forcing action to oppose the inductive inertia of field 5 to a reduction in current and thus provides more rapid response in regulation. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 2 (not shown), the valve amplifier is replaced by a transductor.
Patent GB-988316-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of trans-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane
IPC: B01J23/72
Filed: 1963-05-03
Abstract: Trans-1,4-dimethylol-cyclohexane is made by treating a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers of hexahydroterephthalic acid ester with hydrogen at elevated pressures and temperatures in the presence of a copper-zinc catalyst, separating the trans form from the cis-trans isomeric mixture of 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane formed and subjecting the residue to the above treatment again, initial ester being added to replace the separated transform if desired. Before the hydrogen treatment, the addition of 1-3 parts of methanol per part of starting material is advantageous.  The catalyst may be a metal catalyst, metal oxide or a mixture thereof. Cd, Fe, Cr and Ba oxides may be added as promoters. Temperatures above 200 DEG  C., preferably 240-300 DEG  C., and hydrogen pressures of 200-300 atm. are suitable. The process may be continuous.  The trans-form may be separated by direct freezing of the trans isomer and subsequent centrifuging, or by crystallizing from solvents, especially ethyl acetate with or without acetone. Detailed examples are given.ALSO:A copper-zinc catalyst, used as metal or metal oxide catalysts for the hydrogenation of cis and trans hexahydroterephthalic acid ester to trans-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, is made in an example by dissolving copper sulphate (pentahydrate) and zinc sulphate (heptahydrate) in water, precipitating with calcined soda in water, placing in a reaction furnace in the form of tablets and after complete reduction of the catalyst it was hydrogenated at 250 atm. at 250  DEG C.  In another example, a catalyst is made by treating the sulphates with soda solution to precipitate the carbonates and the precipitate is treated with barium hydroxide solution, filtered and dried.  The catalyst is charged in the form of tablets to the reaction furnace. The catalyst may also contain cadmium, iron and chromium in the form of oxides as promoters. The optimum range of Cu:Zn lies in the range 1 : 1 to 1 : 4.  The catalyst may be supported on silica gel or aluminium oxides.
Patent GB-1081838-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles
IPC: C07D213/84
Filed: 1966-04-21
Abstract: Aromatic nitriles are prepared by heating an aromatic carboxamide with an aliphatic mono- or di-carboxylic acid anhydride, with not more than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, in the presence of a salt derived from a weak acid and a transition metal from Group IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB or VIII of the Periodic System.  The aromatic carboxamide may be derived from a carbocylic aromatic carboxylic acid, e.g. benzoic acid, naphthoic acid or phenanthrene-carboxylic acid, or from a heterocyclic carboxylic acid in which the heterocyclic ring is aromatic in character, for example pyridine- or pyrrole-carboxylic acid.  The aromatic nuclei preferably carry a halogen atom in a position ortho to the CONH2 group and another halogen atom or a methoxy, nitro or methyl group in the other ortho-position. Preferred carboxamides are 2-chloro-, 2,6-dichloro-, 2,3,6-trichloro-, 6-chloro-2-nitro- and 6-chloro-2-methoxy-benzamide and tetrachloroterephthalamide. Suitable anhydrides are, for example, the anhydrides of acetic acid, propionic acid, monochloracetic acid and succinic acid and the mixed anhydride of acetic and propionic acids. Preferably an aliphatic acid, in particular the acid corresponding to the anhydride, is present in the mixture.  The preferred catalysts are derived from copper, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and cadmium and acetic acid. The N-acyl derivative of the carboxamide used as starting material is formed as a by-product and this may be converted to the corresponding nitrile, for example by pyrolysis.
Patent GB-200522-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to saw sharpening machines
IPC: B23D63/10
Filed: 1923-07-06
Abstract: 200,522. McDonald, A. T., and Sinclair, J. July 8, 1922, [Convention date]. Saws, sharpening.-A portable sawsharpening machine, particularly adapted to be secured to the table of a band or circular saw, comprises a frame 10 provided with a bracket 18 carrying a hand operated crank shaft 20 whose crank pin 24 engages a grooved cross-head 27 integral with a file-carrying frame 28 reciprocating upon a guide shaft 30 which is carried in an angularly adjustable headstock mounted in a bracket 34. The frame 10 is secured to the table by means of a member 12 engaging a slot 13,cone pointed screws 16 also engaging the slot to assist in maintaining correct alignment. The file 29, adjustably carried in brackets in the frame 28, engages the teeth of the saw 50 to be sharpened, the latter being supported during the operation by an adjustable abutment 57 and a spring plunger 61. The alignment of the saw is maintained by a slotted guide 63 and by a pair of adjustable guide discs 52. The upper part of the cross-head is bent rearwards as shown in Fig. 3 so that when, on the return stroke, the crank pin is in this portion of the cross-head the frame 28 is tilted so as to disengage the saw from the work. In operation, the angular relation of the file 29 to the shaft 30 is so adjusted that on the working stroke the saw is moved upwards to the extent of one tooth space, the file thus engaging the next saw tooth on the succeeding working - stroke.
Patent GB-982312-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to information transfer systems and linear pulse frequency modulators therefore
IPC: H03K7/06
Filed: 1961-05-15
Abstract: 982,312. Pulse modulation systems. M. E. AYNES. May 15, 1961, No. 17645/61. Heading H4L. A signal of varying amplitude is converted into a pulse train whose repetition rate varies as the amplitude of the signal, pulse shapers providing pulses of constant amplitude and duration being provided at both the modulating and demodulating stages so that any distortion arising during transmission is minimized. In one arrangement two independent signals are modulated, mixed, recorded, and subsequently separated and demodulated. Signals from sources 310, 310<SP>1</SP>, Fig. 3, are pulse modulated by modulators 312, 312<SP>1</SP> which by means of transistor multivibrator circuits produce pulses of constant duration, the duration differing for each channel, and separated by " off " states which decrease with increase of the applied signal potential at the base of the first transistor. The pulses are then shaped to a standard amplitude and duration particular to each channel by pulse shapers 314, 314<SP>1</SP>. The pulse trains of each signal are taken therefrom in opposite phase, the differing amplitude and duration for each channel avoiding mutual cancellation. The separate signals A, B, Fig. 5, are combined to produce a waveform at the input terminals of a magnetic tape recorder 318. During this recording operation, branch signals are passed through demodulation filters 316, 316<SP>1</SP> for monitoring purposes. During playback, signals are taken from the recorder separated into the two channels by oppositely poled rectifiers 317, 317<SP>1</SP>, and passed through amplifiers 319, 319<SP>1</SP> and pulse shapers 314, 314<SP>1</SP> to demodulation filters 316, 316<SP>1</SP> which integrate the pulses into voltages corresponding to the original signals which are applied to utilization devices. In an alternative arrangement, Fig. 2 (not shown), the system is described as a diplex communication link, the tape recorder being omitted. A single channel arrangement is described, Fig. 1 (not shown), in which the pulse shaper may be switched to alter its characteristics to suit different playback speeds.
Patent GB-1411666-A (GB)
Title: Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazines and process for preparing the same
IPC: C07D265/30
Filed: 1973-04-12
Abstract: 1411666 Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazines CENTRE EUROPEEN DE RECHERCHES MAUVER NAY 12 April 1973 [13 April l972 17718/73 Heading C2C The invention comprises compounds of general formula when R 1  is a methylol, carboxylic acid or carboxylic ester group and R 2  is hydrogen alkyl or aralkyl, and salts thereof with acids. Compounds in which R 1  is carboxylic ester and R 2  is alkyl or aralkyl are prepared by treating a cinnamyl ester C 6 H 5 CH = CHR 1  with a tertiary alkyl hypobromite (e.g. tertiary butyl) in the presence of an excess of ethylene chlorohydrin, and treating the resultant chloroethoxybrominated product with a primary alkyl or aralkyl amine R 2 NH 2 . The ester group may then be saponified to give the acid or reduced with a metal hydride (e.g. lithium aluminium hydride) to the methylol group, and the alkyl or aralkyl group R 2  may be replaced by hydrogen by catalytic hydrogenation, e.g. with palladium as catalyst. In examples R 1  is carboxy, carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl and methylol and R 2  is hydrogen, p-butyl and benzyl. Hydrochloride addition salts of the products are prepared, and also a derivative in which R 1  is methylol and R 2  is acetyl.
Patent GB-1459218-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for making a web of reconstituted tobacco
IPC: A24B3/14
Filed: 1973-04-13
Abstract: 1459218 Reconstituting tobacco IMPERIAL GROUP Ltd 8 April 1974 [13 April 1973] 17900/73 Heading A2C Apparatus for producing a web of reconstituted tobacco from tobacco slurry comprises means for preparing tobacco slurry from tobacco offal e.g. fluidised bed mixer 21, an extruder 11, means for introducing the tobacco slurry into the extruder e.g. conveyor 31 and tank 32 with plate 35, and across the discharge end of the extruder a pair of rotatable rollers 12 defining between them an extrusion nip 13, the rollers being coated with a hard wearing material such as tungsten carbide. The tobacco slurry preferably contains 18-32% by weight of moisture. The extruder 11 may be of the piston and cylinder type.
Patent GB-283979-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in the manufacture and production of dyestuffs containing chromium
IPC: C09B45/01
Filed: 1926-07-17
Abstract: 283,979. Johnson, J. Y., (I. G. Farbenindustrie Akt.-Ges.). July 17, 1926. Azo dyes, soluble chromium compounds of. - The dyestuffs obtainable by coupling o-oxydiazo compounds with a naphthol or an arylaminonaphthol sulphonic acid are converted into chromium compounds by treating them with chroming agents at an elevated temperature and under pressure. The products may be aftertreated with alkaline agents. In examples (1) The dyestuff from diazotized 1:2:4-aminonaphtholsulphonic acid and #-naphthol is heated in an autoclave with chromium formate solution, the product is salted out and the resulting paste boiled with caustic soda lye, neutralized with hydrochloric acid and the chromium compound again salted out; it dyes wool in fast blue shades, and (2) the dyestuff from diazotized 4-nitro-2- aminophenol and 2-phenylamino-8-naphthol-6- sulphonic acid is heated in an autoclave with an alkaline chromium glycerol solution prepared according to Example 1 of Specification 186,635; the product dyes wool in fast dark brown shades. Specifications 7892/12, 26460/12, 262,418, and 269,522 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1531711-A (GB)
Title: Pouch and closing clip
IPC: B65D33/16
Filed: 1975-04-25
Abstract: 1531711 Reclosable pouch MARDON FLEXIBLE PACKAGING Ltd 25 April 1975 [25 April 1974] 18090/74 Heading B8K A flexible pouch 10 having a chamfered corner opening 11 is closed by folding the pouch over on itself at the edge opening and clipping together the folded over portions by a resilient plastics clip 12 having a length less than the width or depth of the pouch. The pouch may be of flexible synthetic resin web or synthetic resin laminate. As shown, the clip is of substantially triangular section with beads 13, but may be of U or # shape.
Patent GB-1270254-A (GB)
Title: New dyestuffs
Inventor: BLACKHALL ALEXANDER
IPC: D06P1/00
Filed: 1968-04-17
Abstract: 1,270,254. Dyeing with polymerisable dyes. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 16 April, 1969 [17 April, 1968], No. 18102/68. Heading D1B. [Also in Divisions C2, C3 and C4] Fibrous materials and polymeric films are dyed with dyes containing two dissimilar polymerisable olefinically unsaturated groups as defined each of the groups being directly attached to a carbon atom optionally in conjunction with a polymerisation initiator. Preferably the polymerisation initiator is applied simultaneously with or after the dyestuff and is 1-500% by weight based on the weight of the dyestuff. The dyes optionally contain sulphonic acid groups and may be azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, nitro, methane, triarylmethane, diarylmethane, xanthene, azine, onazine or thiazine dyes. Substrates dyed by dyeing, padding or printing methods include, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, optionally modified polyacrylonitrile, wool, silk, cotton, cellulose acetate and triacetate, viscose and caproammonium rayon.
Patent GB-502996-A (GB)
Title: Method of preparing a depolariser by starting from natural oxides of manganese
IPC: H01M4/50
Filed: 1938-06-17
Abstract: 502,996. Electrolytic production of activated manganese dioxide, LECLANCHE SOC. ANON. June 17, 1938, No. 18108. Convention date, Oct. 29, 1937. Drawings to Specification. [Class 41] Natural manganese dioxide is partially reduced and is suspended in a neutral solution of manganese sulphate which is then subjected to electrolysis until it acquires an acid reaction ; the suspended material, which is stated to consist of some of the original manganese dioxide together with freshly precipitated dioxide, is filtered off for use as the depolarizer of a galvanic battery. The filtrate may be used in a subsequent operation. The initial reduction may be effected by roasting preferably with a reducing agent such as carbon. The mass may be chilled suddenly by pouring into the manganese sulphate 'solution. The concentration of the solution is preferably 20-30 per cent. 1 kgm. of the mass is added to 8-12 litres of solution which is stirred energetically. Electrolysis is conducted at 80- 100‹ C. with current density 1À8-2À2 amps. per sq. dem. at the anode and is stopped when the pH of the solution reaches 4. The electrolyte may contain a fluoride whereby silica in the material treated is eliminated as silicon fluoride.
Patent GB-255498-A (GB)
IPC: B61K7/18
Filed: 1926-07-20
Abstract: 255,498. Jaeger, K. July 20, 1925, [Convention date]. Buffer stops, sliding with increasing resistance, rest on slide plates a carried by the track sleepers. The buffer rails are secured by spikes or clamps b and carry anchors c which come into successive engagement against adjacent sleepers. A chain d limits the total movement of the buffer stop. The buffer rails lie clear of the track rails so that the buffer stop may be used as a temporary or permanent stop.
Patent GB-182530-A (GB)
Abstract: 182,530. Rollason, F. March 30, 1921. Couplings, non-automatic.-In an openjawed D type of coupling, the coupling-pin is provided with grooves at each end which are engaged by spring-controlled side-plates which can be withdrawn simultaneously, when coupling. The coupling-pin has grooves a<2> at each end which are. engaged by the side plates D. The two side plates are connected by a cross-pin c<1> which works in a slot in the coupling. The plates D may be moved rearwardly against the pressure of a spring E by means of the grips c to disengage the side-plates from the coupling-pin.
Patent GB-1283161-A (GB)
Title: Process for the preparation of a butyl ester mixture
IPC: C07C69/76
Filed: 1970-04-16
Abstract: 1283161 Butyl esters NIPPON SODA CO Ltd 16 April 1970 [21 April 1969 22 April 1969] 18278/70 Heading C2C Butyl ester mixtures are prepared from an aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture which is the residual fraction after the extraction of butadiene from a C 4  fraction produced by thermal or catalytic cracking of a petroleum stream or dehydrogenation of C 4  paraffins or olefines, by reaction with an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid or anhydride below 40‹ C. in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form tert-butyl ester, recovering the unreacted hydrocarbon reacting with a carboxylic acid at 60-120‹ C. under pressure in the presence of the acidic catalyst to form further butyl ester mixtures. The hydrocarbon mixture has the composition range, n-butane 1-50%, isobutane 1-20%, butene-1 10-60%, trans-butene-2 2-25%, cis-butene-2 1-25%, isobutylene 5-60%, butadiene 0À1-5% C 3  and C 5  fraction 0-5%. The acidic catalysts are sulphuric, phosphoric, polyphosphoric, silicic acids and boron trifluoride. The esterifying acids may be acetic, propionic, butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, succinic, adipic, sebacic, tetrahydrophthalic, benzoic, p-oxybenzoic, phthalic, and trimellitic acids.
Patent GB-649124-A (GB)
Title: Improved stepless friction transmission gear
IPC: F16H15/28
Filed: 1948-07-07
Abstract: 649,124. Variable-speed gearing. KOPP, J. E. July 7, 1948, No. 18315. Addition to 618,774. '[Class 80(ii)] Continu o u s l y -  variable friction gearing according to the parent Specification is modified in that the friction discs 2<SP>1</SP>, 56. co - operating with the tiltable balls 3<SP>1</SP>, are connected to their respective shafts 1<SP>1</SP>, 8<SP>1</SP> through camming balls 57, whereby the contact pressure of the disc with the balls is automatically varied in accordance with the load. Initial contact pressure is provided by a spring 11'.
Patent GB-596080-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in automatic cut-outs for electrically heated utensils and appliances
IPC: H01H37/52
Filed: 1945-07-18
Abstract: 596,080. Thermal switches. PREMIER ELECTRIC HEATERS, Ltd and TAYLOR H. T. July 18, 1945, No. 18358. [Class 38(v)] In a thermal cut-out for an electrically-heated utensil, a resilient switch-blade 44, the lower part of which is preferably of channel section, and a stiff bi-metal switch-blade 35, are mounted between an insulating disc 14 and washers 36, 43, on a metallic sleeve 15, the flange 25 of which engages a thin bi-metal strip 23, the whole being clamped in the element-carrying socket 12 of the utensil by a screw 13. The strip 23 engages the insulated end 28 of a pin 27, slidable but non-rotatable in the disc 14, and having an adjustable nut 33 with a shoulder 34, which at a predetermined temperature engages the blade 44 so as to open contacts 40, 46. The blade 35 bends in the same direction as, but lags behind the strip 23, so as to prevent an excessive temperature at the first heating-cycle, and its movement is limited by a screw 41 adjustable in an arm on washer 36. One end 10 of the heating-element is connected via a terminal block 49 to a U-shaped contact-blade 47 against which one plug pin 17 bears, and the other end 11 with the blade 35, the blade 44. being connected to a U-shaped contact-blade 48 against which bears the other plug-pin 18. The switch is removable as a unit from the socket 12. Specification 594,831 is referred to.
Patent GB-1055178-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to hydraulically operated telescopic pitprops
IPC: E21D15/44
Filed: 1964-05-04
Abstract: 1,055,178. Hydraulic pit props. K. GERLACH and H. GERLACH. May 4, 1964 [May 2, 1963], No. 18385/64. Heading E1E. In a hydraulic pit prop 1-2 having a friction lock 3 welded to its outer member 1, the lock 3 comprises half-sleeves 16, 17 gripping the inner member 2 and actuated by a rocking member 18 controlled by a wedge 30. The wedge 30 may be actuated manually or by a removable hydraulic device. The inner member 2 is preferably tapered, has flats engaging sleeves 19 or the half-sleeves 16 or 17, and is detachably connected by a knock-out sleeve 8 to a piston 9 whose stroke is limited by the sleeves 16, 17. To dismantle the prop for cleaning the sleeve 8 is knocked out through holes 15 in the lock 3, thereby releasing the member 2 and allowing the half-sleeves 16, 17 to be collapsed and withdrawn upwardly. The piston 9 may then also be withdrawn upwardly through the lock 3.
Patent GB-1256130-A (GB)
Title: Heated godet, especially for drawing systems and cylinder dryers
IPC: D02J1/22
Filed: 1969-04-10
Abstract: 1,256,130. Heated godet roller. VEPA A.G. 10 April, 1969 [25 April, 1968; 20 Dec., 1968], No. 18429/69. Heading B5B. [Also in Division F2]  A heated godet roller, as used in drawing and drying artificial fibres, has a double jacket 1, 4 and guide means for steam or a liquid heat carrier in the free space between the outer jacket 1 and inner jacket 4, this free space being partitioned longitudinally into several chambers 7 with adjacent chambers connected to each other at one end 12 and connected at the other end to supply lines 9 and discharge lines 8 alternately, the supply and discharge lines 9, 8 being formed in an end face 5 of the godet. The partitions 6 between the chambers 7 are preferably angle-section spring strips held resiliently in grooves in a jacket 1 or 4. The lines 9 and 8, formed as radial borings, are connected respectively to a central common supply line 10 and a central common discharge line 11 which is arranged around the supply line 10 as shown. The heat carrier thus flows in opposite directions along adjacent chambers 7. The outer surface 15 of the godet may be tempered and hardchrome plated. The construction provides a uniform temperature over the surface of the godet.