Patent GB-453192-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to lathes and like machine tools
IPC: B23B7/14
Filed: 1935-12-14
Abstract: 453,192. Lathes. JONES & LAMSON MACHINE CO., Springfield, Vermont, U.S.A. Dec. 14, 1935, No. 34761. Convention date, Dec. 14, 1934. [Class 83 (iii)] A lathe or other machine tool has a number of tool-carriers controlled by a number of cam drums, each drum controlling means for stopping its own rotation and for ensuring the rotation of at least one of the drums at all times during a complete cycle of the machine. In a turret lathe embodiment the bed carries a reciprocating toolturret 6 and two tool carriages 10, 14 are mounted on arms 11, 15 respectively, these arms being secured to rockable tool bars 12, 16 respectively the bar 12 having also an axial movement to produce the desired profile on the work. The spindle is driven from a pulley 20, Fig. 7, enclosing a friction clutch 21a operated from a handle 36 through rod 22 or automatically on completion of a cycle. The rod 22 passes through a splined shaft 21 carrying a sliding gear pair 37, 38 engageable selectively with gears 50, 52 on a shaft geared to a parallel shaft 55 carrying gears 56, 57 selectively engageable with a gear pair 58, 59 splined on a shaft 60. An intermediate neutral position is provided for this latter pair which is controlled from a handle 67, Fig. 1. A gear 70 on shaft 60 drives a gear 71 on the spindle 3 and a four speed drive to the spindle is thus obtained. The gear 50 of this train is connected through gear 80 shaft 81, gears 85, 86, 88 and 89, Fig. 8, to a splined shaft 95 extending through a gear box 83 and connected through bevel gearing 101 to a vertical shaft 103 arranged to rotate through bevel gearing 104, the tool-holders 107 carried bv the turret. The tool feeds are all controlled from a pair of cam drums 110, operating the tool bars 12 and 16, and 111 controlling the turret tools. Axial motion of the front tool bar 16, is controlled by cams 112 on drum 110, and the angular motion by a former cam 125 engaged by a shoe 126 on the tool arm 15. The former cam itself is adjustable on a slide 1260 connected to a member 129 operated by cams on the drum 110 as described in Specification 372,367. The tool bar 12 of the carrier 10 which carries facing tools, Fig. 30 has its angular position controlled by a former cam on a slide, mounted on an adjustable guide, and operated by a cam on the drum 110. The bar 12 may also be axially movable as described in the above mentioned patent. The cam drums 110, 111 may be driven either at high idling speeds or at any of a number of low working speeds or either drum may be stopped at any part of the cycle. The shaft 200, Fig. 32, driving the drum 110, is driven at one end by high-speed driving mechanism from the shaft 21 through bevel gearing 225, 220, and shaft 217. A shaft 2010 driven from this train drives a coolant pump 208. For the low speed drive the spindle 3 is connected by bevel gearing to a shaft 242 connected by a clutch 249 to a shaft 247. which passes into a speed reducing gear box shown diagrammatically in Fig. 32, and driving the shaft 200. A low-speed shaft 2020 is operated from this train. A clutch 280 in the low speed drive, Fig. 11, is engaged by means of a rod 291 connected also to the clutch collar 294 of the high speed drive so that when the high speed is disengaged the low speed is engaged and vice versa. When the high-speed clutch is engaged the shaft 200 may be prevented from rotating by means of another clutch 300. In a similar manner the drum 111 may be driven either at high speed from shaft 2010 or at low speed from shaft 2020, the high and low speed clutches being controlled selectively by a rod 328 and the cam driving shaft 320 being held stationary when clutch 323 is engaged and a clutch collar 315 engages a stationary element 317. In this case the low speed drive from shaft 2020 may be at any of a number of speeds provided by a gear box developed in Fig. 16. The first shaft 343 of this box is connected by gears 344 to the second shaft 346 connected by pinion 347 and clutch 348 to a double gear 349, 351 on third shaft 350. This double gear drives a double gear 352, 354 on fourth shaft 353 and a gear 355 on fifth shaft 356. Gears 344, 361, and 364 engage respectively with gears 345, 360, 363 on the second, third and fourth shafts respectively. The gearing is controlled by clutch collars 348, 362, 357 to give a three speed drive to the shaft 356. With clutch collar 357 in the position shown the drive is through gears 344, 345, 347, 349, 351, 352, 354 and 355. In its other position the collar 357 engages gear 358 meshing with gear 359 keyed to shaft 350 to which the drive passes through gears 361, 360. The control levers 371, 376 of the clutches are controlled by cam mechanism described below. Shaft 356 is connected through gears 380 and clutch 325 to the cam driving shaft 320 at the low speed end so that drum 111 has three selective low speeds for each spindle speed. The actuating rods 291 and 328 have " load and fire" mechanisms 390, 391, Fig. 32, to ensure a quick change over from high to low speed or the rods may be latched in neutral position to permit the cam shafts to be rotated by hand cranks applied at 410 or 411 for setting up. The rod 291 may also be shifted by hand. The drum 111 is rotated once for each indexed position of the turret and operates the indexing mechanism. For this purpose the drum shaft 450 is connected through gears 456, Fig. 32, splined shaft 457, shaft 459, and gears 466 to a large gear 468 carrying a post 470 operating a Geneva wheel secured to gear 473 engaging a gear 480, Fig. 26 to rotate the turret. Depressions 474 on the Geneva wheel coact with a cam projection 477 on the wheel 468 to hold the turret stationary between its indexing movements. The turret and its supporting boss have peripheral portions 482, 483 round which a brake band 485 may be tightened to hold the turret in positions determined by a locking-pin 3490. The pin is withdrawn prior to indexing by a rocker 497 journalled on shaft 498. At the required time the cam projection 477 actuates a lever 515 to operate a spring-returned thrust-rod 506 engaging a lug 500 on the rocker 497 to withdraw the locking-pin until indexing is completed. A roller 550 on the wheel 468 also actuates a segment 520 connected through levers 524, 526, 528 to a rock shaft 529 having a flattened portion 530 engaging in an opening in a link 532, Fig. 30 to tighten the brake hand 485 round the turret. Release of the band just prior to indexing is effected by the post 470 engaging a striker. The control of the drive of the cam 110 is effected by a cam drum 600 secured to the drum 110 and that of the cam 111 by a drum 605 driven from the cam 111 by reducing gearing so that the drums 600, 605 each rotate once for each complete machine cycle. Cams on the drum 600 operate the speed controlling lever 392 controlling the high and low speeds of shaft 200 and other cams on the drum 605 operate the speed changing arms 371 and 376 of the slow speed drive to the cam 111. The arms 371, 376, Fig. 14 are slotted to receive posts 622, 623 on levers 624, 625 journalled on the shafts 370, 375 and the arms are connected by links 630, 631 to the cam followers. Plugs such as 637 coact with similar plugs on fixed bevelled latches. During the slow initial movement of the cam followers the posts 622 623 move across their slots but when the bevel plugs snap past their latches the posts are moved quickly against the slot sides to throw the clutches. Further cams on the drums 600, 605 operate through the lever mechanism shown in Fig. 32 to actuate levers 650, 711, of the clutch arms 302, 318 to disconnect the high speed cam shaft drive and bring the cam drums to rest. The starting of the drum 110 is produced by a cam on the drum 605 which acts through a rockshaft 680, Fig. 22, to release a latch 654 and then to actuate a pin 658 to rock lever 650 and throw the clutch lever 302 ; load-and-fire mechanism acting on member 660 ensures a quick change over. The starting of rotation of the drums 111 and 605 is produced from the drum 600 through the shaft 680 which at its right-hand end, Fig. 32 actuates a latch member 708 so as first to release the latch and then to rock lever 711 and throw the clutch 315. Thus before either of the drums 600, 605 is stopped, the rotation of the other is ensured. At the end of the cycle the entire machine may be stopped by a cam on the drum 600 operating an arm connected to a rock-shaft 737, Fig. 1, which trips the handle 36 and disconnects the headstock clutch 21a. At the same time shaft 34 rocks an arm to apply a brake to the pulley 222 and stop the machine. In a modification, a speed control cam on the drum 605 may act through lever mechanism on change speed gearing for the headstock as described in Specification 372,367 and provides additional spindle speed changes to maintain constant cutting speed of the tools. The various cam followers such as 635, Fig. 25, may be retracted against springs 800 and held by pins 801 to facilitate setting up. In Fig. 30 the work piece 850 is first rough-bored by a drill 851, 855. In the next turret position rough-boring tools 857,... 859, and in the finish boring tools 860 ... 862 are used. A reamer 865 is used at the last position. Meanwhile turning and finishing tools 866, 867 on the carriage 14 turn the rim of the work and facing tools 870, 871 on the rear carriage 10 complete the front face.