baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20040060379-A (KR)
Title: Process for producing a potential nylon crimped yarn
Inventor: JUNG HO GYU
IPC: D01F8/12
Filed: 2002-12-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of nylon latent crimp yarn having excellent crimp property, elasticity and spinning workability is characterized by producing the same with one step process. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of nylon latent crimp yarn is as follows: using high shrinkage nylon copolymerized nylon 66 and nylon 6 as a first ingredient(a core part); using nylon 6 as a second ingredient(a sheath part); composite-spinning the ingredients into eccentric yarn; drawing the yarn with difference between speeds of a first godet roller a second godet roller; heat-setting the drawn yarn on the second godet roller; and then winding the yarn at over 3000m/minute of spinning velocity. Weight ratio of polymer composing eccentricity is 40-60wt.%. The second godet roller has 110-150deg.C of temperature.
Patent KR-20040061876-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YEONG GYU
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2002-12-31
Abstract: PURPOSE: A camera mounting structure is provided to allow a camera to be attached to or detached from a mobile terminal without separating a folder from the main body of the mobile terminal or disassembling a terminal case. CONSTITUTION: Engaging holes(152-1,152-2) are formed at a circumferential portion of a side hinge arm(150) and communicate with outside. A fixing cap(250) includes a through hole at its center and is installed to contact with an outer end of the side hinge arm(150) so that a camera module(230) cannot be discharged. Hook support legs(252) are extendedly formed at an inner side surface of the fixing cap(250) and inserted into the side hinge arm(150). A hook(253) is connected to the hook support leg(252) and engaged into the through hole so that the fixing cap(250) can be installed to contact with the outer end of the side hinge arm(150).
Patent KR-20020026374-A (KR)
Title: 가라오케 시스템
IPC: H04N5/262
Filed: 2001-06-15
Abstract: 가라오케를 따라 노래하는 개념은 오디오 기반 기술들에만 의존한다. 본 발명은 비디오 이머전(video immersion)의 개념을 개발한 것으로 이루어진다 : 사용자는 사용자가 가장 좋아하는 댄서, 가수 및 연주자의 위치로 사용자의 이미지가 삽입된 비디오 클립 또는 영화를 볼 수 있으므로, 비디오 테잎 상의 클립/노래를 연주하여 어떤 유명한 스타를 대신할 수 있다. 더욱 정확하게, 본 발명은 사용자의 이미지 및 사용자의 음성을 포착하고, 획득된 신호들을 분석 및 처리하여, 이와 같이 분석되고 처리된 오디오/비디오 신호들을 사전-기록된 자료와 혼합하고, 이와 같이 획득된 조합 신호들을 디스플레이하는 연속 수단이 제공되는 가라오케 시스템에 관한 것이다.
Patent KR-20020091046-A (KR)
Title: 금속의 전해 제조에 유용한 산화물 및 금속 상을포함하는 서멧 불활성 양극
IPC: C25C7/02
Filed: 2000-10-27
Abstract: 알루미늄과 같은 금속의 전해 제조를 위한 서멧 불활성 양극에 관한 것이다. 불활성 양극은 금속상과, M이 Zn, Co, Al, Li, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Mb, Hf 및 희토류 금속으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 금속이고, x가 0.1 내지 0.99, y가 0.0001 내지 0.9, z가 0.0001 내지 0.5, δ는 0 내지 0.3인 식 Ni x Fe 2y M z O (3y+x+z)±δ 의 세라믹 상으로 구성된다. 바람직한 세라믹 조성물은  Fe 2 O 3 , NiO 및 ZnO or CoO로 구성된다. 서멧 불활성 양극은 또한 Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Ru, Ir 및/또는 Os와 같은 금속 상을 포함할 수 있다. 바람직한 금속 상은 Cu 및 Ag로 구성된다. 서멧 불활성 양극은 상업적으로 순수한 알루미늄 및 다른 금속의 제조를 위한 전해 환원 전지에 사용될 수 있다.
Patent KR-20020070263-A (KR)
IPC: B60W10/02
Filed: 2001-07-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 기어 변속 중 구동 트레인을 통합 제어하기 위한 방법 및 장치에 관한 것이다.  본 발명의 핵심은, 기어 변속 과정 중 내연 기관 및 클러치의 상태를 위해 최적의 시스템 트러젝터리를 정하고 상기 트러젝터리를 기초가 되는 제어부 및 조절기에 제공하는 것이다.  상기 최적의 시스템 트러젝터리의 결정은, 구동 트레인 제어를 위한 상위 시스템의 프리세팅에 따라 이루어진다.  특히 최적의 시스템 트러젝터리를 주행 상황, 운전자 타입, 유닛의 작동 조건 및 유닛 자체의 상태에 맞게 조정하는 것이 제공된다.  최적의 시스템 트러젝터리는 주행 작동 중 실시되는 실시간 최적화 알고리즘을 통해서 결정된다.  이로써 모든 작동 조건시에 최적의 기어 변속 과정이 이루어지며, 상기 과정은 높은 쾌적감과 적은 견인력 손실을 결합한다.
Patent KR-20020056917-A (KR)
Title: Waterborne primer with improved chip resistance
IPC: C09D133/06
Filed: 2000-08-21
Abstract: The invention provides a thermosetting aqueous primer composition that includes a polyurethane polymer, an acrylic polymer, and a crosslinking component that is reactive with at least one of the polyurethane polymer and the acrylic polymer. The polyurethane polymer has a glass transition temperature of 0° C. or less. The acrylic polymer has a glass transition temperature that is at least about 20° C. higher than the glass transition temperature of polyurethane resin. The invention further provides a composite coating having as a primer layer a cured layer of the primer composition of the invention and having at least one topcoat layer.
Patent KR-20020071866-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for separating non-metallic materials
IPC: B23K26/40
Filed: 2000-11-22
Abstract: A method and apparatus for splitting non-metallic substrates includes a laser for generating a laser beam. An integrated cracking devices receives the laser beam and directs the laser beam onto a non-metallic substrate to define the heat affected zone and quench the substrate at a quenching region contained within the heat affected zone. This integrated cracking device includes a housing and optics fitted within the housing for receiving and directing the laser beam onto the substrate. A quenching nozzle is mounted on the housing for quenching the substrate at a quenching region defined within the heat affected zone.
Patent KR-20020059763-A (KR)
Title: Digital signal processor having a plurality of independent dedicated processors
IPC: G06F9/302
Filed: 2000-10-16
Abstract: A digital signal processor uses a number of independent sub-processors that may be controlled by a master programmable controller. For example, a specialized input processor may process input signals while a specialized output processor may process output signals. Each of these processors may also accomplish math functions when input and output processing is not necessary. The various processors may communicate with one another through general purpose registers which receive data and provide data to any of the processors in the system. Math processors may be added as needed to accomplish desired mathematical functions. In addition, a RAM processor may be utilized to hold the results of intermediate calculations in one embodiment of the present invention. In this way, an adaptable and scaleable design may be implemented that accommodates a variety of different operations without requiring redesign of all the components.
Patent KR-20020089438-A (KR)
Title: 매체도포용 강모의 제조방법, 이 방법에 따라 제조된 강모및 이러한 강모들을 포함하는 솔
IPC: B29C48/30
Filed: 2001-03-27
Abstract: 매체도포용 강모들은 강모들로 절단될 수 있는 필라멘트가 강모의 기계적 특성들을 결정하기도 하는 코어를 가지게끔 압출성형된다. 공동들이 코어의 중심으로부터 분리되게 형성되며 필라멘트의 외주 쪽으로 개방되어 외부로부터 매체로 채워질 수 있고, 강모가 적절히 사용되는 때에만 매체가 배출되도록 공동들의 외주개구들이 형성된다. 이 공동들은 더 큰 개구폭을 가질 수도 있고 층 또는 피복물에 의해 덮이기도 한다. 이 방법에 따라 제조된 강모 및 이러한 강모들을 갖는 솔들도 설명된다.
Patent KR-20020093102-A (KR)
IPC: H01J61/35
Filed: 2002-02-28
Abstract: 내벽면에 형광체 피막(2)이 형성되고, 또한 적어도 크세논 가스를 포함하는 방전 매체가 봉입된 유리관(1)과, 상기 유리관(1)의 적어도 일단부측에 리드 단자(4)가 도출되도록 봉입된 내부 전극(3)과, 상기 유리관(1)의 외주면에 관축 방향 대략 전체 길이에 걸쳐서 나선형으로 권취된 도전선(5a)으로 이루어지는 외부 전극(5)과, 이 외부 전극(5)을 포함하는 상기 유리관(1)의 외주면을 피복하는 투광성 열수축성 수지 튜브(6)를 갖고 있다.  리드 단자(4)의 유리관(1)으로부터의 도출부로부터 상기 외부 전극(5)을 구성하는 도전선(5a)의 한 쪽 단말부(5b)에 이르는 상기 유리관 표면에 따르는 연면 거리는 적어도 2 ㎜로 설정되어 있다.
Patent KR-20030009485-A (KR)
IPC: G09F13/46
Filed: 2001-05-25
Abstract: 배럴 조립체(10)는 전기적으로 제어되는 시스템에 의한 선택적 발사를 위해 다수의 불꽃 발사체(12)가 장전된 강선이 있는 배럴(11)을 포함한다.  각각의 발사체(12)는 몸체(14), 불꽃재(16)를 수용하는 하우징(15) 및 축방향 움직임이 제한되도록 몸체(14)의 후방 허브(18) 상에 지지되는 후방 칼라(17)를 포함한다.  칼라(17)는 하우징(15)의 후면벽(21)과 인접하는 전면벽(20) 및 배럴(11)과의 밀봉맞물림 상태가 되도록 웨지를 형성하기 위해 후속 발사체(12)의 노즈(25)와 맞물리는, 내부로 테이퍼진 두꺼워진 후방 부분(24)을 포함한다.  허브(18)는 전기 도선(31)에 의해 하우징(12)의 외부 원통형 벽(33) 상의 접촉부(32)와 연결되는 추진제 캡슐 (30)을 지지한다.  보조 접촉부(34)는 배럴(11) 내에서 지지된다.  장전 과정동안 접촉부(34)와 접촉부(32)는 정렬된다.  퓨즈(35)는, 배럴(11)에서 발사체(12)가 발사된 후 불꽃재(16)가 설정된 시간에 폭발하도록, 캡슐(30)과 뇌관(36) 사이에서 연장된다.
Patent KR-20030005412-A (KR)
IPC: H04L12/66
Filed: 1999-04-23
Abstract: 종래는 오로지 제어유니트(2)에 있어서 제어상태의 표시만으로 사용했던 표시장치(3)을 데이터통신을 중심으로서 사용하고, 그 표시장치(3)내에서 제어유니트(2) 상호간 또는 제어유니트(2)와 데이터처리장치(7)과의 사이의 데이터 통신을 행하는 경우에 있어서 통신프로토콜의 변환장치를 행한다. 이것에 의하여, 복수대의 제어유니트(2)를 연동시켜 사용하는 제어시스템(1)에 있어서, 제어유니트(2)를 본래의 기능인 I/O제어에 전념시키는 것이 가능하고, 제어유니트(2)의 부담이 경감된다. 또한 데이터 처리장치(7)과 제어유니트(2)에는 무수히 존재하는 제어유니트(2)의 통신프로토콜을 고려할 필요를 없애고, 소프트웨어의 작성에 필요로 하는 시간들을 삭감 가능하게 한다.
Patent KR-20040062307-A (KR)
Title: Urethane pallet for belt conveyor
Inventor: KOO HYEON SEONG
IPC: B65G47/88
Filed: 2003-01-02
Abstract: PURPOSE: A transferring roller is installed to operate pallet on a belt conveyor instead of a chain belt, thereby preventing noise and installing pallet separately as an upper and lower plate. CONSTITUTION: A urethane pallet for transferring products is composed of a lower plate(100), an upper plate and a product fixing member. The lower plate is formed of a rectangular wood material. The surface of the lower plate is coated with urethane. A plurality of grooves and bolt holes are formed in upper surface of the lower plate. The upper plate is formed of a plurality of through holes and screw connecting grooves. The upper plate and the lower plate is fixed by the bolt connecting hole and screw connecting grooves.
Patent KR-20040065470-A (KR)
Inventor: JUNG DAE GWON
IPC: H04J13/00
Filed: 2003-01-14
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for reducing the peak to average power ratio(PAPR) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) are provided to effectively utilize the limited channel source. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus and method for reducing the peak to average power ratio(PAPR) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) includes a cyclic redundancy code(CRC) generator(400), a mask generator(410), a plurality of adders(420,422,424,426), a plurality of channel coders(430,432,434,436), a plurality of modulators(440,442,444,446), a plurality of inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT) units(450,452,454,456) and a PAPR calculation and comparison selector(460). The CRC generator(400) generates a CRC bits and adds it to the backside of the columns of the input information bits to output. The mask generator(410) generates an independent multiple mask sequences. The plurality of adders(420,422,424,426) adds the generated plurality of mask sequences to the input information bits. The plurality of channel coders(430,432,434,436) performs the channel coding and the plurality of modulators(440,442,444,446) modulates the columns of the coded bits in response to the channel coding. The plurality of IFFT units(450,452,454,456) performs the inverse fast Fourier transformation. And, the PAPR calculation and comparison selector(460) calculates the PAPR for each of the columns of the symbols and transforms the column of the symbol corresponding to the smallest value.
Patent KR-20040065689-A (KR)
Inventor: NAM HYE WON
IPC: H04L12/46
Filed: 2003-01-15
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system for supplying service mobility to a subscriber and a system therefor are provided to supply an instance reference stored in a reference manager to an outer network application program at the request of the outer network program, thereby providing the same service in different networks. CONSTITUTION: An application program(220) requests references for framework SCFs(Service Capability Features) of framework SCF reference managers(215). An IpAccess(230) searches the references stored in the framework SCF reference managers(215), and supplies the searched references to the application program(220). The application program(220) requests distributed framework SCFs to give a service by using reference values provided from the framework SCF reference managers(215).
Patent KR-20040067399-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM JU YOUN
IPC: H04R19/00
Filed: 2003-01-23
Abstract: PURPOSE: A condenser microphone having a single directional characteristic is provided to collect only the sound waves generated from the desired direction by changing a structure of an existing condenser microphone. CONSTITUTION: A case includes an open side and a sound wave induction hole. A back plate(2), a spacer(3), a diaphragm support ring(14) having a diaphragm(13), a base(4), a connection ring(5), and a PCB(11) are sequentially inserted into the inside of the case. A gate of an FET is electrically connected to the diaphragm through the connection ring. A source and a drain of the FET are electrically connected to patterns of the PCB. A plurality of holes are used for inducing the sound waves from a rear side of the PCB. A filter plate(16) includes a filter. A hole is formed at a center of the filter plate. The filter plate is inserted between the diaphragm support ring and the connection ring.
Patent KR-20040068759-A (KR)
Inventor: PARK SANG HYEON
IPC: H04B7/26
Filed: 2003-01-27
Abstract: PURPOSE: A system searching and connecting method of a mobile terminal is provided to quickly connect to an optimum system and register a location by omitting omittable procedures. CONSTITUTION: It is determined whether there is a finally connected system(RPLMN), and if there is a finally connected system, it is searched(S100). The system is connected in synchronization, a channel list is made, and priority levels of channels are determined(S110). It is determined whether a mobile communication service can be available(S120). If the connected system is not available for service, it is determined whether to search the finally connected system(RPLMN) or a home system(HPLMN)(S140). In case the finally connected system or the home system is to be searched, every list of a peripheral system(PLMN) is made(S150). A channel list of the peripheral system(PLMN) is made(S160). It is determined whether it's after the finally connected system(RPLMN) has been searched(S180). After the finally connected system has been searched, the home system(HPLMN) is searched(S190).
Patent KR-20040069020-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE SUNG KYUN
IPC: G08G1/0969
Filed: 2003-01-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for providing the schedule alarm function by using a position information and a system for communicating the same are provided to assign the destination by using only input of the destination and the traffic system. CONSTITUTION: A method for providing the schedule alarm function by using a position information includes the steps of: finishing the input of the destination selected by setting the start of the inform service when the user approaches to the corresponding destination by the assigned position(s1-s2); transmitting the current position by searching the assigned receiver if the specific service is selected, supplying the supplementary service such as a confirmation of the reception result and a communication service through the response service after the transmission is finished and repeatedly performing by converting into the position of the initial alarm service if it is not required(s3-s9); and supplying the service to inform the destination arrival if the user approaches to the previously set position, informing the connection device in the emergency due to the accident of the vehicle or the danger, and responding to the inform by the user after the response status is checked by counting the predetermined time in response to the status result(s10-s13).
Patent KR-20040069667-A (KR)
Inventor: LEE GYEONG HWAN
IPC: H04R7/18
Filed: 2003-01-30
Abstract: PURPOSE: An edge structure of a vibrational plate for use in a high-power speaker is provided to improve the reproduction capability of the sound and the reliability by reinforcing the suspension capability and the damping capability. CONSTITUTION: An edge structure(100) of a vibrational plate for use in a high-power speaker includes a hemisphere-curved member(110), a horizontal extension member(120) and an inclined extension member(130). The hemisphere-curved member(110) in the form of semi-sphere becomes thick in proportional to the distance from one end to the other end. The horizontal extension member(120) extends to the vertical outside with having the same thickness at the one end of the hemisphere-curved member(110). And, the inclined extension member(130) is inclined and extended to the outside with a proportionally thin thickness at the other end of the hemisphere-curved member(110).
Patent KR-20040071563-A (KR)
Title: Structure for assembling solar energy collecting system and cooling and heating materials by using sandwich panel
Inventor: BAN CHAE YOEN
IPC: F24J2/51
Filed: 2003-02-06
Abstract: PURPOSE: Assembling structure for a solar energy collecting system and cooling and heating materials by using a sandwich panel is provided to collect the solar energy easily, and to cool or heat conveniently by mounting the solar energy collecting system in the front of the sandwich panel and the cooling or heating member in the rear part of the sandwich panel. CONSTITUTION: A solar energy collecting system is mounted in the front of a sandwich panel, and cooling and heating members are mounted in the rear part of the sandwich panel. Heat media are supplied to a heat medium supply pipe, and streamed through water pipes from a distribution hose to collect heat. A transparent material having high transmissivity is spaced from a solar heat collecting plate, and an atron coated by aluminum film is fixed to the solar heat collecting plate. A steel plate in the front of the sandwich panel is bent and mounted to a thermal insulating member. The steel plate is arranged in parallel with a radiating plate in the rear part of the sandwich panel, and the atron is bonded to the color steel plate.
Patent KR-20030019528-A (KR)
Inventor: SHIN CHUL SUNG
IPC: H01R24/20
Filed: 2003-02-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A connector used for electric communications is provided to improve the structure of a terminal set inside the connector to reduce the external volume of the connector and securely maintain a connection part connected to the outside. CONSTITUTION: A connector used for electric communications has a connection hole(4) formed at the bottom of the connector and a connection terminal(101) formed at the top of the connector. The connector includes a connection substrate(103) placed horizontally, and a terminal(100) having the connection terminal and a connection pin. The connection terminal is fixed perpendicular to the connection substrate and the connection pin is fixed perpendicular to the connection substrate.
Patent KR-20040076731-A (KR)
Inventor: YANG YEONG MO
IPC: G06F7/60
Filed: 2003-02-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A device and a method for converting the elements expressed in a power form on a Galois field into a polynomial form are provided to minimize the increase of a hardware space when the elements expressed in the power form on the Galois field are converted into the polynomial form. CONSTITUTION: A storage(301) stores the data expressed in the polynomial form. An operator(302) develops an equation by using a Galois field element of the power form as input, extracts variables from the developed equation, and transmits the variables. A selector(303) selects/outputs the data stored in the storage by responding to the input from the operator. A Galois field multiplier(304) operates/outputs the data from the selector.
Patent KR-20040078288-A (KR)
Inventor: KIM YONG SU
IPC: H04L12/28
Filed: 2003-03-03
Abstract: PURPOSE: An apparatus for restoring network information of a home network system, and a method therefor are provided to perform again operations executed before slave equipments are reset, without necessity for setting up operations of the reset slave equipments by memorizing the state before the reset. CONSTITUTION: A master(34) controls each slave equipment(31,32,33). The master(34) stores network information related to equipment control and operation states on an EEPROM(Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)(342) by slave equipments(31,32,33). The master(34) judges whether the slave equipments(31,32,33) are reset due to an electricity failure or equipment abnormality. If so, the master(34) searches for the network information stored on the EEPROM(342). The master(34) transmits the network information related to operation states before the electricity failure to the reset slaves(31,32,33).
Patent KR-20030025260-A (KR)
Inventor: CHO SEONG YONG
IPC: C02F1/62
Filed: 2003-03-04
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals using olivine is provided is provided to adsorb thus remove heavy metal ions in wastewater containing heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb using fine powder of olivine that is an adsorption induction oxide mineral as an adsorbent. CONSTITUTION: In a wastewater treatment method for removing heavy metals by adding olivine to wastewater, the method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals using olivine comprises the processes of adding fine powder of olivine to wastewater containing heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb in a certain weight ratio; agitating the solution at a rotational speed of 230 revolutions per minute for 4 days as maintaining reaction temperature of 25 deg.C; and adsorbing thus removing the heavy metals by filtering the agitated resulting solutions.
Patent KR-20030036340-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI JAE SEUNG
IPC: G06Q50/22
Filed: 2003-03-05
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for managing a hypertension prevention restaurant is provided to enable a client to take and eat food adapted to a taste and amount by cooking food having materials for preventing the hypertension. CONSTITUTION: Boiled rice and cereals are prepared by using miscellaneous cereals comprising 35-percent rice, 50-percent barley, and 15-percent bean. A bean paste potage is prepared by using an anchovy, a sea tangle, and a mushroom. As a side dish, kimchi and broiled onion are prepared. As a dessert, onion tea and a tangerine are prepared. The above food is arranged with dishes. A client takes and eats the food as a necessary amount spontaneously.
Patent KR-20040084080-A (KR)
Inventor: CHAE HEON
IPC: A61M5/158
Filed: 2003-03-26
Abstract: PURPOSE: A reversible disposable hand acupuncture set is provided to allow blood or infusion liquid to be supplied to the blood vessel through a hand acupuncture tube in a state that the blood vessel is pricked with a hand acupuncture set and a metal needle is made to remain in the hand acupuncture set without being pulled out, thereby expediting injection of the blood or infusion liquid and preventing bacterial infection. CONSTITUTION: The reversible disposable hand acupuncture set(10) comprises: a hand acupuncture needle body(11) having a hand acupuncture tube(12) installed at its one side; a perforation preventing protector(30) made of a metal and having a metal tub(33) inserted into the hand acupuncture tube(12); holes formed at upper and lower portions of the perforation preventing protector(30); a large scroll(35) having opposite ends inserted into the holes and projecting upward and downward with respect to the hand acupuncture needle body(11) and having a handle(36) combined therewith at its upper portion; and a metal needle(21) having one end inserted into the hand acupuncture tube(12).
Patent KR-20040084474-A (KR)
Inventor: CHOI HYEONG SEOK
IPC: H01L21/304
Filed: 2003-03-28
Abstract: PURPOSE: A method for forming an SAC(Self-Aligned Contact) of a semiconductor device is provided to improve contact property by preventing over-etch of an end portion of a cell array in CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) for forming a landing plug. CONSTITUTION: A gate electrode(45) including a conductive layer(51) and a hard mask(53) is formed on a cell array region of a substrate. An oxide pattern(55) is formed to overlap the end portion of the cell array region. A lower insulating layer(61) with a landing plug contact hole is formed on the resultant structure. A landing plug is formed by depositing a landing plug poly in the landing plug contact hole and planarizing using CMP. At this time, the hard mask located at the end portion of the cell array region is preserved.