baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IT-MI960277-A1 (IT)
IPC: A61P35/04
Filed: 1996-02-14
Abstract: The therapeutic association of N-acetyl-cysteine with Doxorubicin shows a remarkable synergic effect in inhibiting cancer metastasis formation. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the association and kit suitable for the administration of the two drugs are described.
Patent IT-MI971291-A1 (IT)
Inventor: LISCIO MICHELE
IPC: B60K17/10
Filed: 1997-06-02
Abstract: An automatic transmission for hydraulic traction vehicles comprises a hydraulic engine (3) which activates at least one driving wheel (5) of a vehicle, a variable flow pump (7) to regulate the flow of a pressurised fluid from an inlet (9) to an outlet (11) of the pump, a delivery tube (13) to send the fluid from the outlet (11) to the hydraulic engine (3), a return tube (15) to send the fluid from the engine (3) to the inlet (9), a mobile control rod (17) connected at one end to the pump (7), an accelerator (21) connected to the other end of the rod (17), the accelerator (21) activating the rod (17) between a first position where the pump (7) has a first flowrate and a second position where the pump has a second flowrate. The control rod (17) is of variable length, and the variation is activated by the pressure in delivery tube (13). This changes the length of the rod (17) and so alters the pump (7) flowrate. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-MI972793-A1 (IT)
Inventor: AL GHATTA HUSSEIN
IPC: B29K67/00
Filed: 1997-12-17
Abstract: A foamed cellular material which can be obtained from foamed aromatic polyester resins with a bulk density of 50 to 700 kg/m3 by heating in vacuum to temperatures which are higher than the Tg of the material and lower than its melting point. The foamed material, generally in the form of a sheet or panel, has high-level characteristics in terms of flexibility and dimensional thermostability depending on the degree of crystallinity after the vacuum treatment.
Patent IT-MI990721-A1 (IT)
Inventor: SCARATI MARIO ALBERTO
IPC: C08L23/14
Filed: 1999-04-09
Abstract: Compositions for the preparation of plastic films for wraparound labelling obtained with the use of a simultaneous horizontal machine modulating the stretching ratios in a continuous way, said compositions comprising the following polymers:   a) propylene copolymers with at least another comonomer containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation; and b) ethylene omopolymer, or ethylene copolymers with at least another comonomer containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation; the quantity of b) is comprised between 2 and 30 percent by weight.
Patent IT-MO960080-A1 (IT)
Inventor: BARTOLI ANDREA
IPC: B65D75/58
Filed: 1996-06-18
Abstract: Packaging unit ( 1 ) for a flowable product, comprising first and accord walls ( 2, 3 ) at least one ( 3 ) of which is concave and which are sealingly joined along their respective edges and define therebetween a cavity containing the flowable product, at least one of the walls ( 2, 3 ) being provided with a severing indication ( 8 ), severing along a line indicated by the severing indication ( 8 ) and extending from side-to-side across the packaging unit ( 1 ) opening a product outlet portion ( 6 ) of the cavity; the severing indication ( 8 ) has over at least one of two end zones thereof at respective opposite sides ( 9 ) of the unit ( 1 ) a curvedly convex profile projecting away from the cavity.
Patent IT-MO970238-A1 (IT)
Inventor: FORMIGONI DANIELE
IPC: E05B73/00
Filed: 1997-12-24
Abstract: An apparatus (1) comprises a closure body (3) capable of closing a pair of skis (2) one against the other, said closure body (3) being provided at its ends (4a, 7a) with a coupling means (17) capable of placing said body (3) in a stably closed condition in which said closure body (3) is rigid; the apparatus (1) also has a locking means (8) capable of locking said coupling means (17) in, or releasing it from, said closed condition. <IMAGE>
Patent IT-RM910259-A1 (IT)
Title: Procedimento per la realizzazione di oggetti scultorei e decorativi.
Inventor: LANCIATO VINCENZO
IPC: B44C/
Filed: 1991-04-15
Abstract: Procedimento per la realizzazione di statuine, quadri, soprammobili e oggettistica in genere mediante l'impiego per l'impasto i seguenti prodotti: Resina additivata, creta, porcellana, polvere di marmo e carbonato di calcio, prodotti uniti ed emessi in uno stampo di gomma si ha l'oggetto della prima fase. Seconda fase: sabbiatura con sfere di vetro e trattamento chimico-elettrolitico. Trattamento galvanico, sgrassamento chimico a base di palladio e successivo trattamento chimico-nichel. Verniciatura trasparente e finitura degli oggetti con trattamento elettrolitico con prodotti di argento invecchiato, oro e porcellana a secondo l'oggetto che si vorrà rifinire: in argentatura o in doratura o smaltatura sulla porcellana.
Patent IT-RM950115-A1 (IT)
Title: "System" applied on a device used for the containment, the immediate location and successive extraction of keys with automatic activation of the service lighting.
Inventor: ZANINOTTO UMBERTO
IPC: E05B/
Filed: 1995-02-27
Abstract: The system described below gives the possibility to contain some keys in a device that, apart from accomplishing the function of "archiving" of the same, allows the immediate location (also during the night) and the successive extraction, with a simple gesture by activating, in the course of this operation, the necessary illumination for locating the hole of the lock during the night, synthesizing through a single object and simplifying all the uncomfortable operations that still nowadays have to be faced in order to open a locked door.
Patent IT-RM970081-A1 (IT)
Inventor: MACCI FRANCO
IPC: B22D11/06
Filed: 1997-02-14
Abstract: The present invention provides a feeder of molten metal for moulds of continuous casting machines comprising a cylindrical body (1) within which a main outflow duct (5) of the molten metal coming from the tundish is formed to which the cylindrical body (1) is connected by means of a frustoconical joint (2), formed integrally with the cylindrical body (1) at the upper end thereof, characterized in that the free end (3) of the cylindrical body (1) is of substantially frustopyramid shape and has a plurality of outlets (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) communicating with the main outflow duct (5).
Patent IT-SA920003-A1 (IT)
Title: Procedimento per confezionamento e conservazione delle derrate, cibi e pietanze pronte, bibite e succhi di frutta, latte e derivati, vini,
Inventor: PARO BOZIBAR
IPC: A23B/
Filed: 1992-03-04
Abstract: Il procedimento per il confezionamento e la conservazione con inattivazione batterica endotermica a microonde (pastorizzazione/sterilizzazione) consiste nell'esporre la confezione flessibile di plastica (buste/vaschette) contenente il prodotto alimentare sotto alto vuoto, all'irradiazione con onde di altissima radio frequenza (2450 MHz) che per effetto JAOLE producono calore direttamente nelle cellule del prodotto contenuto nella confezione che raggiungono in brevissimo tempo la temperatura letale, essendo i microorganismi molto più piccoli delle cellule del prodotto, senza che il prodotto venga portato alla stessa temperatura. Il tempo di trattamento termico è inferiore da 5 a 20 volte rispetto ai sistemi tradizionali, con la differenza che i microorganismi vengono distrutti, non inibiti alla riproduzione. Il prodotto così conservato si mantiene a temperatura ambiente a tempo indeterminato. Le confezioni flessibili dopo il raffreddamento vengono inscatolate in scatole di cartone per la protezione dalla luce e per facilitarne la manipolazione. L'invenzione trova immediata e vasta applicazione in tutti i rami dell'industria alimentare, in farmaceutica, erboristeria e simili.
Patent IT-TO940904-A1 (IT)
Title: Apparato pneumo, idrico, meccanico e gravitazionale atto alla  creazione di energia.
Inventor: VUILLERMOZ ARTURO
Filed: 1994-11-14
Abstract: Apparato pneumo, idrico, meccanico e gravitazionale atto alla creazione di notevole quantità di energia meccanica, suscettibile ad essere trasformata in altre forme di energia, in particolar modo in energia elettrica per una sua migliore utilizzazione.
Patent IT-TO950295-A1 (IT)
Title: Macchina per l'asportazione intermedia di vernice mediante molatura.
Inventor: MULLER WERNER
IPC: B24B9/18
Filed: 1995-04-14
Abstract: Una macchina (10) per l'asportazione intermedia di vernice mediante molatura, che tratta superficialmente dei profilati di legno (45) o delle strutture di telai (35) ottenute da essi, come telai di finestre e simili, è provvista di una tavola di adduzione (11) e di una tavola di scarico (12), le quali delimitano un canale di lavorazione (14), in cui è disposto con possibilità di spostamento un carrello che presenta mezzi di molatura (34), ed in cui possono venire immesse delle strutture di telai in legno per essere molate in modo automatico. Dopo la molatura, le strutture dei telai vengono automaticamente spostate sulla tavola di scarico, vengono fatte ruotare e poi vengono nuovamente inserite per un'ulteriore fase di molatura nel canale di lavorazione, nel quale è disposta una tavola di appoggio (19) che copre lo spazio libero compreso tra la tavola di adduzione e la tavola di scarico (12). La tavola di appoggio (19) può venire spostata corrispondentemente al carrello (15). E' possibile un funzionamento completamente automatico della macchina (10) per l'asportazione intermedia di vernice mediante molatura, ed è assicurato un trasferimento sicuro e soddisfacente di un profilato di un telaio dalla tavola di adduzione (11) alla tavola. di scarico (12), e viceversa.
Patent NO-20111625-A1 (NO)
Title: Flytende installasjon for midlertidig opphold av objekter og fremgangsmate for transport av personal og materiell mellom fastland og en flytende installasjon.
Inventor: AARSNES JAN VIDAR
IPC: B63B35/44
Filed: 2011-11-24
Abstract: En flytende installasjon (1)for midlertidig opphold av objekter som transporteres fra en første posisjon til en andre posisjon beliggende på en marin installasjon, kjennetegnet ved at den flytende installasjonen omfatter minst en marin dokningsstasjon (2a-c) tilpasset anløp av et sjøgående transportfartøy, idet den minst ene dokningsstasjonen (2) er integrert i installasjonen (1), minst ett helikopterdekk (4), og et boligkvarter (6) og en fremgangsmåte for transport av personal og materiell.
Patent NO-20130912-A1 (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmåte for å produsere og bruke en tetning for en underjordisk plassering med en borehullsdimensjon
Inventor: ROSENBLATT STEVE
IPC: E21B33/128
Filed: 2013-07-02
Abstract: En formminnepolymer produseres initielttil en størrelse der den perifere dimensjonen vil være minst like stor som borehullveggen den skal settes inn i. Etter den initielle produksjonen høynes materialtemperaturen over ovengangstemperaturen, og materialet strekkes på en mandrell fora opprettholde sin innvendige dimensjon idet den utvendige dimensjonen reduseres til en størrelse som vil tillate å kjøre inn forseglingen til en ønsket underjordisk lokalitet uten å brekke materialet under strekkingen. Materialet avkjøles under ovengangstemperaturen for å holde på den nye formen. Materialet på mandrellen festes deretter til en rørstreng og leveres til den ønskede lokaliteten. Borehullfluid ved gitt temperatur fører igjen materialet over overgangstemperaturen, noe som får materialet til å vende tilbake til sin opprinnelige produserte form.
Patent NO-20180027-A1 (NO)
Inventor: Wheeler Adam
IPC: E21B47/12
Filed: 2018-01-08
Abstract: An embodiment of a method of communicating between a surface processing unit and an energy industry tool includes: receiving a power signal from a power source at an integrated interface device of a communication and processing system, the communication and processing system located between a surface processing unit and an energy industry tool, the interface device including a processor and a variable output power supply; receiving a communication at the processor from a surface processing unit; transmitting a control signal from the processor to the variable output power supply, the control signal including a series of pulses having a duty cyclethat is varied to cause the power supply to generate a modulated direct current (DC) output signal having at least one of a frequency and an amplitude that is modulated according to a communication protocol to represent the communication; and transmitting the modulated output signal to a tool.
Patent PE-23998-A1 (PE)
Title: Metodo para perfilar el resalto de neumaticos reencauchados
Inventor: LACY FLOYD A
IPC: B29D30/56
Filed: 1996-08-02
Abstract: QUE COMPRENDE: I) COLOCAR UN CORTADOR CERCA DEL RESALTO DEL NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO, EL CUAL TIENE UNA HOJA PERFILADA, LA CUAL SE CALIENTA A UNA TEMPERATURA DENTRO DE LA ESCALA DE 176�C A 218�C; II) CREAR UN MOVIMIENTO QUE INCLUYE MONTAR EL NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO EN UN ARO GIRATORIO Y LUEGO GIRAR EL ARO EN LA DIRECCION DEL PERIMETRO DEL NEUMATICO; III) MOVER EL CORTADOR DENTRO DEL RESALTO HASTA UNA PROFUNDIDAD DE CORTE DESEADO; Y IV) CORTAR UNA PORCION DEL RESALTO DEL NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO PARA CREAR UN RESALTO PERFILADO. Y UN APARATO PARA RECORTAR CARACTERIZADO POR: A) UN ARMAZON; B) UN ARO GIRATORIO CONFIGURADO PARA RECIBIR UN NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO; C) UNA HOJA DE CORTADOR ADAPTADA PARA CORTAR UNA PORCION CON UNA DE LAS AREAS DE RESALTO DEL NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO A LO LARGO DE TODO EL PERIMETRO DEL NEUMATICO REENCAUCHADO. SE UTILIZA PARA PROPORCIONAR UNA TRANSICION ESTETICAMENTE PLACENTERA ENTRE LA CUBIERTA Y LA CAPA DE RODADURA
Patent PE-30499-A1 (PE)
Inventor: BELLEMAIN CHANTAL MARIE-CLAUDE
IPC: A61K8/73
Filed: 1997-12-22
Abstract: A packaged personal cleansing product comprising: (i) a foaming composition, wherein the foaming composition comprises less than 25 % by weight, preferably less than 15 % by weight, of water, at least 18 % by weight of surfactant, comprising an anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises alkyl sulphate and ethoxylated alkyl sulphate in a weight ratio of less than 1:1; (ii) propellant gas; and (iii) a container for (i) and (ii); characterised in that the propellant gas comprises carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, or mixtures thereof and that the viscosity of the foaming composition, measured at 20  DEG C and 1 atmosphere, using a Brookfield viscometer, No. 2 Spindle at 60rpm, is less than 700 mPa.s. The packaged personal cleansing product of the present invention provides improved lathering, mildness, improved deposition of skin/hair care ingredients onto the skin and improved perfume delivery and residuality.
Patent PE-20001355-A1 (PE)
Title: 1,3-diamino-cetonas como inhibidores de proteasas
Inventor: ROBERT WELLS MARQUIS
IPC: C07D401/02
Filed: 1999-12-23
Abstract: SE REFIERE A COMPUESTOS DE 1,3-DIAMINO-CETONAS FORMULA DE I, DONDE: A ES CO, CHOH; R1 ES R4NR`CH(R3)-CO, R5-X-CH(R3)-CO, R3-CH2(CO), R11-CH(R*)-CO; R2 ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, CICLOALQUIL C3-C6, ALQUILO C0-C6, Ar-ALQUILO C0-C6, HET-ALQUILO C0-C6, R9C(O), R9SO2-, R9OC(O)-, R9R12NC(O)-, R7R6N-CH(R8)-Z, ENTRE OTROS; R'' ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, Ar-ALQUILO C0-C6; R''' ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, CICLOALQUIL C3-C6-ALQUILO C0-C6; R3 Y R8 SON H, ALQUENILO C2-C6, ALQUINILO C2-C6, HET, Ar, ALQUILO C1-C6, ENTRE OTROS; R4 ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ENTRE OTROS; R5, R9, R10 SON ALQUILO C1-C6, CICLOALQUIL C3-C6 ALQUILO C0-C6, ENTRE OTROS; R6 ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ARALQUILO C0-C6; R7 ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ARALQUILO C0-C6, ENTRE OTROS; R6 Y R7 JUNTOS FORMAN PIRROLIDINA, PIPERIDINA O MORFOLINA, CADA R' ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ARALQUILO C0-C6, HET-ALQUILO C0-C6; R11 ES Ar, R12-R15 SON H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ENTRE OTROS; R* ES H, ALQUILO C1-C6, ENTRE OTROS; Z ES CO, CH2; M ES HC=CH, H2C-CH2, H(OR2)C-C(OR2)H, H(OR2)C-CH2, H(NR2H)C-C(NR2H)H, ENTRE OTROS; X ES CH2, S, O; n ES 1-7. UN COMPUESTO PREFERIDO N-(N-(BENCILOXICARBONIL)-L-LEUCINIL)-4-(R,S)-AMINO-1,2,3,4,7,8-HEXAHIDRO-3-OXO-[2-(N-BENCILOXICARBONIL)-L-LEUCINIL]-AZOCINA, ENTRE OTROS. EL COMPUESTO I ES UN INHIBIDOR DE PROTEASAS Y PUEDE SER UTIL PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE OSTEOPOROSIS, PERIODONTITIS, ARTRITIS, GINGIVITIS
Patent PL-249794-A1 (PL)
Title: Pivotally movable flap with a servomotor
IPC: F16K31/163
Filed: 1984-09-28
Abstract: Butterfly valve actuated by a servo-motor, opening taking place by means of hydraulic force and closing by means of spring force. The hydraulic force must overcome the torque due to the flow, and the force of the closing spring. The excess hydraulic force of the servo-motor (2) during the end phase of the opening procedure is stored (3) and released during the closing procedure, whereby the closing time (t) can be minimized.
Patent PL-274066-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of processing and disposal of mixtures of solids and liquids containing organic components
Inventor: LORINSER MARTIN
IPC: C02F3/28
Filed: 1988-08-04
Abstract: In a process for the treatment and disposal of liquid/solid mixtures with organic components, the mixture is separated mechanically into a liquid phase (2, 3) with low solids content and a solid phase (7) with a water content between approximately 45 and 70 %. The mechanical separation is carried out in such a way as to ensure, after the anaerobic treatment of the liquid phase, a high rate of decomposition of CSB and BSB5 and a high-grade, pure biogas. The sludge produced during the anaerobic treatment is mixed with the solids fraction and undergoes a brief anaerobic treatment before being subjected to an aerobic treatment, for example in a putrefaction tower.
Patent PL-285634-A1 (PL)
Title: Method for correcting nonaxiality of images and a projection apparatus with a system for correcting nonaxiality of images, especailly in projecting a three-dimensional moving image
Inventor: SHAW WILLIAM C
IPC: G03B35/16
Filed: 1990-06-13
Abstract: Projected image misalignment in a 3-D motion picture projector is corrected by shifting one of the projection lenses in accordance with a predetermined program during presentation of the motion picture. In one embodiment, manually initiated control signals for adjusting the lens shift are recorded in a memory and can be subsequently retrieved for automatically controlling lens shift. In another embodiment, lens shift is controlled by reading predetermined witness marks on the film.
Patent PL-311379-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of and apparatus for isolating a substance from liquid mixtures
Inventor: BISCHOF RUDOLF
IPC: B01D9/00
Filed: 1995-11-15
Abstract: Process to separate material from a liq. mixt. by fractional crystallisation by sepn. of a crystal layer from one side of a wall (75) of a crystalliser (S1, S2, S3, 70) which is cooled on the other side. Next, the crystal layer is melted. For crystallisation, a medium is allowed to evaporate on the other side of the wall (75, 78), and the pressure of the gaseous phase of the medium in the crystalliser is controlled according to the temp. required for crystallisation. Also claimed is a device to carry out the above process having at least one crystalliser (70) with a housing (71), in which a crystallisation area (74) is sepd. from a medium area (80) by a wall (75). The medium area has at least one inlet (95) and outlet (94) for liq. medium, and at least one connection (96) for transport of gaseous medium. Pressure control devices (33, 18, 28, 19, 29, 20, 30) are also fitted.
Patent PL-312877-A1 (PL)
Title: Method of and apparatus for separating fluids
Inventor: GUDERNATSCH WILHELM
IPC: B01D61/14
Filed: 1996-02-21
Abstract: A process and appts. are claimed for separating a fluid mixture containing impurities into two or more ingredients. The novelty is that: (a) a phase separator (T1) separates that part of the mixture forming the lower phase from that forming the upper phase; (b) each separated phase is fed by separate circuits (K2, K3) to its respective filter unit (M2, M3), in which the filtrate is retained; (c) and that in a repeat passage through the circuits (K2, K3), part of that substance retained by the respective filters (M2, M3) is then fed to the phase separator (T2). The filters (M2, M3) are cross-flow filters.
Patent PL-312944-A1 (PL)
Title: Tool for rotating rotary fastening members, method of rotating such fastening member especially for releasing a joint as well as rotary fastening member as such
Inventor: ERNST KLAUS-HERMANN
IPC: F16B23/00
Filed: 1994-08-08
Abstract: A tool (1) for rotating rotary connecting elements (10, 17, 21) with a round or polygonal head, such as polygonal screws, nuts or round stud bolts, has a head (2) that may be set on or around the rotary connecting element and that is provided with an inner recess (4) for receiving the connecting element. An element (11, 12) movable transversely to the centre line of the inner recess with a pointed front face in the direction of the inner recess may be inserted or is arranged in at least one hole (5, 6) that extends substantially transversely to the centre line of the inner recess. Preferably two diametrically opposed holes (5, 6) with respect to the centre line of the inner recess are provided. An element with pointed front face may be inserted or is arranged in each of the holes. By tightening the pointed movable elements against the connecting element to be loosened, a highly-stressable connection is obtained, so that even completely round and/or tightly stuck screws, studs, nuts and the like may be reliably loosened.
Patent PL-313968-A1 (PL)
Title: Butyrobetaine/crotonobetaino-l-carnitine metabolism genes and utilisation of such genes for microbiologically producing l-carnitine
Inventor: ZIMMERMANN THOMAS
IPC: C12N15/09
Filed: 1994-10-07
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP94/03317 Sec. 371 Date Jul. 2, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jul. 2, 1996 PCT Filed Oct. 7, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/10613 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 20, 1995An isolated DNA fragment including the genes bcoC, bcoA/B, bcoD coding for the enzymes for L-carnitine biosynthesis in  gamma -butyrobetaine/crotonobetaine metabolism and, additionally, including the gene bcoT coding for a potential transport protein in  gamma -butyrobetaine/crotonobetaine metabolism. Also, any vector which includes an isolated DNA fragment including the genes bcoC, bcoA/B, bcoD coding for the enzymes for L-carnitine biosynthesis in  gamma -butyrobetaine/crotonobetaine metabolism and, additionally, including the gene bcoT coding for a potential transport protein in  gamma -butyrobetaine/crotonobetaine metabolism. Also, biotechnological process for the production of L-carnitine characterized in that crotonobetaine and/or  gamma -butyrobetaine is fermented in the presence of a suitable carbon and nitrogen source using a microorgansim and L-carnitine is isolated.
Patent PL-318789-A1 (PL)
Title: Sprayable film-forming system capable to release an active substance contained in them and intended to use them on plants
Inventor: HOFFMANN HANS-RAINER
IPC: A01N25/24
Filed: 1995-08-12
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/03205 Sec. 371 Date May 23, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 23, 1997 PCT Filed Aug. 12, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/06527 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 7, 1996A sprayable, film-forming active substance preparation for the application to plants is characterized by the fact that films which can be produced thereof are pressure-sensitive adhesive, water-insoluble, and at least partially biodegradable.
Patent PL-336622-A1 (PL)
Title: Prefabricated panel-like roof member and girder therefor
Inventor: SVENSSON PEEHR MATHIAS ORNFELD
IPC: E04D1/28
Filed: 1998-04-30
Abstract: A pre-manufactured roof plate element comprising a number of longitudinal box-shaped girders of steel plate, which are upwardly connected with a compressive force plate with almost the same width as the girder, and which preferably are positioned in each side and in the middle of the element. The compressive force plate consists of a corrugated steel plate having a preferably trapezoid shape. A box-shaped girder of the said type is a complement to the roof plate element. A roof plate element or a girder according to the invention may be produced totally without use of organic material.