Patent GB-589197-A (GB)
Title: Production of vinyl fluoroacetates and of polymers thereof
IPC: C08F18/20
Filed: 1945-03-19
Abstract: Vinyl fluoroacetates are prepared by reacting a fluoroacetic acid with acetylene in the liquid phase and in the presence of an oxide and/or salt of mercury.  Thus, trifluoroacetic acid may be mixed with small proportions of red mercuric oxide and mercuric sulphate together with an anti-polymerization stabilizer such as hydroquinone; substantially pure dry acetylene is passed into the stirred mixture initially at room temperature and the temperature is then raised to 55 DEG  to 60 DEG  C.; during the reaction, further small additions of the mercury compounds may be made.  The reaction mixture is subjected to distillation for the recovery of the vinyl ester.  If desired, an inert solvent such as an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon may be present.  The reaction temperature may be varied higher or lower than the above-stated range as desired.  Equal weights of mercuric oxide and mercuric sulphate are suitable, but other proportions may be used and this mixture of mercury compounds may be replaced by other mercury salts.  Vinyl mono-, di- and tri-fluoroacetates may be prepared in this manner.  Polymerizable compositions comprising at least 10 per cent by weight of vinyl fluoroacetate or mixtures of vinyl fluoroacetates may be polymerized. Thus, polymers may be formed by polymerizing the esters alone or with other polymerizable compounds which contain at least one ethylenic linkage and preferably at least one terminal ethylenic double bond. Such polymerizable compounds are acrylic and methacrylic acids, their anhydrides, amides and nitriles and the methyl, ethyl, butyl, benzyl and phenyl esters; vinyl acetate and vinyl esters of higher carboxylic acids, for examples, butyric, lauric, stearic and benzoic acids; vinyl halides; styrene; methyl vinyl ketone; methyl isopropenyl ketone; N-vinylimides such as N-vinyl phthalimide and N-vinyl succinamide; halogenated ethylenes, such as unsym. dichlorethylene, difluorethylene, the dichlordifluorethylenes, trifluorethylene, chlortrifluorethylene, and tetrafluorethylene; esters of maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids; the polyhydric alcohol esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids such as ethylene glycol and hexamethylene glycol dimethacrylates; dimethallyl carbonate; ethylidene dimethacrylate; and hexamethylene dimethacrylamide.  The usual methods of polymerization may be used including bulk, solution, emulsion and granulation methods.  Bulk polymerization is effected by means of polymerization catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide or diethyl peroxide, or by means of or in conjunction with ultra - violet light, or photopolymerization catalysts such as benzoin or diacetyl may be used in conjunction with ultra-violet light with or without peroxide-type catalysts as described in Specification 567,778.  In the solution method, the monomers are polymerized in a solvent such as alcohol, benzene, toluene, acetone, dioxane or ethyl acetate.  In the emulsion method, the modifications described in Specification 544,341 may be used; preferably, however, the emulsion system comprises ammonium or any alkali metal persulphate as the catalyst, an oxidizable oxygen bearing compound as a promoter, for example sulphur dioxide, sodium bisulphite, ammonium bisulphite, sodium hydrosulphite or thiosulphate, soluble salts of thionic acids or p-toluene sulphonic acids, and the sodium salt of a long chain hydrocarbon sulphonic acid or a long chain alcohol sulphate as the dispersing agent.  The granulation method may comprise any of the modifications described in Specification 544,341. Generally, the polymerizations should be carried out in a system in which the air has been displaced by an inert atmosphere such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.  In producing an interpolymer, normally the whole amount of the two or more monomers is reacted together, but the whole of a more slowly polymerizing material may be polymerized with part only of the more rapidly polymerizing material, the remainder being added portionwise.  The vinyl fluoroacetate polymers or interpolymers may be partially or completely hydrolysed by means of alkaline or acidic reagents to yield products insoluble in acetone, but soluble in water from aqueous solutions of which tough and flexible films may be obtained.  The fluoroacetate polymers may be used in making films on wood, glass and metals; lacquers, varnishes, adhesives; in pigmented solutions, emulsions or dispersions for coating compositions or in unpigmented form, for treating wood, paper, textiles and fibres to obtain improved properties such as water impermeability; in films and sheetings useful as transparent wrapping materials.  In examples: (1) vinyl trifluoroacetate is prepared by reacting trifluoroacetic acid with acetylene in the presence of mercuric sulphate and red mercuric oxide and hydroquinone; (2) and (3) vinyl tri-fluoroacetate is polymerized in bulk as above; (4) vinyl trifluoroacetate is bulk polymerized with methyl methacrylate; (5) vinyl trifluoroacetate is interpolymerized in bulk with tetrafluoroethylene; (6) vinyl chloride is polymerized in aqueous emulsion with vinyl tri-fluoroacetate; (7) acrylonitrile is bulk polymerized with vinyl trifluoroacetate; similar polymers are obtained when the mono- and di-fluoroacetates are used; (8) polyvinyl trifluoroacetate in acetone solution is hydrolysed by treating with the theoretical quantity of sodium ethylate solution.