baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CZ-114897-A3 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing substituted 3-aminobenzonitroles
Inventor: BREITSCHUH RICHARD
IPC: C07C323/63
Filed: 1995-10-05
Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted 3-aminobenzonitriles of formula (I) in which: R is hydrogen or C1-C12alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, COR1, C1-C8alkoxyalkyl, C1-C6hydroxyalkyl, C1-C8aminoalkyl, C1-C8alkyl-NH(C1-C4alkyl), C1-C8alkyl-N(C1-C4alkyl)2 or substituted or unsubstituted benzyl; and R1 is C1-C8alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl or phenyl; and which comprises reacting a substituted 3-aminochlorobenzene of formula (II) with a cyano-donating reagent. Compounds of formula (I) are important intermediates in the preparation of benzothiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid, which is obtained by diazotizing and hydrolysing the compounds of formula (I) in any desired sequence.
Patent CZ-123794-A3 (CZ)
Title: Disposable absorption hygienic article, such as napkin with enhanced lateral barrier effect
Inventor: VANDEMOORTELE PHILIPPE
IPC: A61F13/514
Filed: 1992-11-20
Abstract: A disposable absorbent article of hygiene includes an absorbent pad disposed between an outer support sheet and an inner cover sheet and has two elasticized side flaps fastened to the cover sheet along the lengthwise edges of the article. Each flap is fastened to the cover sheet over the length of the article by a proximal portion of the flap positioned on an inner side of the absorbent pad, and is folded along the lengthwise direction. The flap is also fastened to the cover sheet in the folded state at end regions of the article so that a distal edge of the flap overlaps the proximal edge over the length of the article, and remains unattached in a region between the end regions to form a pouch.
Patent CZ-171396-A3 (CZ)
Title: Hardened glass substrate and the use thereof
Inventor: RIFQI FRANCOISE
IPC: C03C3/091
Filed: 1995-10-05
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FR95/01296 Sec. 371 Date Aug. 19, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Aug. 19, 1996 PCT Filed Oct. 5, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/11888 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 25, 1996The invention relates to glass substrates intended for use as a support in data storage units, reinforced by surface ion exchanges and whose matrix comprises the constituents given hereinafter in the following weight proportions: - SiO2  45-65% - Al2O3   0-20% - B2O3   0-5% - Na2O   4-12% - K2O 3.5-12% - MgO   0-8% - CaO   0-13% - ZrO2   0-20% -  the sum of the oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2 remaining equal to or below 70%, said composition optionally incorporating the oxides BaO and/or SrO in proportions 11%</=MgO+CaO+BaO+SrO</=24% and the alkaline oxides are introduced in the following weight percentages 0.22%</=Na2O/Na2O+K2O</=0.60.
Patent CZ-184494-A3 (CZ)
Inventor: KOTOUCEK LUBOMIR ING
IPC: C02F11/13
Filed: 1994-08-02
Abstract: Problematiku odpadních kalů z čistíren odpadních vod řeší
způsob jejich zpracování, podle něhož se nejprve upraví
vlhkost kalů na hodnotu 5 až 15 % hmot., načež se kaly
zgranulují a jejich granulometrie se upraví na hodnotu do 20
mm. Úprava vlhkosti se provede mechanicky na hodnotu 25
až 35 % hmot. a poté tepelně na konečnou hodnotu 5 až 10 %
hmot. Zgranuiované a vytříděné kaly je pak podle vynálezu
výhodné dávkovat do surovinové směsi pro výpal cementářského
slínku. Uvedený způsob zpracování odpadních
kalů lze provést pomocí zařízení, které sestává z
prvního dopravníkového systému (1) vedeného na vstup
mechanického zařízení (2) pro odstraňování vody z kalů,
jehož výstup je napojen na surovinový vstup (31) zařízení
(3) pro sušení a granulaci. Surovinový výstup (32) tohoto
zařízení je veden do třídiče (4), na jehož první výstup (41)
navazuje druhý dopravníkový systém (5) zaústěný do zásobního
sila (6). Druhý výstup (42) třídiče (4) je veden do
drtiče (7), jehož výstup je veden zpět do třídiče (4)
Patent CZ-9702000-A3 (CZ)
Title: Are of a frame for framed structure of a box switchboard
Inventor: NICOLAI WALTER
IPC: H05K7/18
Filed: 1995-11-02
Abstract: A frame member for a switchgear cabinet frame is designed as an inwardly open hollow section having two perpendicular sides that form the outer sides of the frame. An easy-to-produce frame member combining novel and per se known features provides a simple solution to meeting all the requirements of a switchgear cabinet frame.
Patent CZ-202024-A3 (CZ)
Inventor: CUBER PETR
IPC: F16L23/036
Filed: 2020-01-15
Abstract: Konce spojovaného potrubí (7, 11) se upevní proti sobě do svíracího zařízení se základnou (1), svorníkem (2), jezdcem (3) a držákem (4) situovanými za sebou, první dovnitř jezdce (3) a druhý přes vybrání (5) „U“, načež se rozevírá svorník (2) a tlačí se jím na jezdec (3) a tím se příruby (10, 12) přibližují a spojí. Svorník (2) udržuje sevření přírub (10, 12) po celou dobu trvání spojení potrubí (7, 11). Při provozu se pomocí ventilů (181, 182, 183) a odbočky (17) vypouští nežádoucí zbytkové médium. Zařízení zahrnuje základnu (1), alespoň jeden svorník (2), jezdec (3) a držák (4) s vybráním (5) „U“ situované za sebou. Jezdec (3) je posuvný na vymezovacích tyčích (13), vzadu má opěrnou stěnu (6), vpředu první přírubu (10) a mezi nimi kryt (16). Svorník (2) s výhodou tvoří šroub. Některá část, s výhodou opěrná stěna (6), je upevněna nepohyblivě na podložce (15). První potrubí (7) vybíhá z jezdce (3) přes kryt (16) do boční strany. Dalšími prvky zařízení (7, 11) jsou odbočka (17) s ventilátorem (21) a uzavírací ventily (181, 182, 183).
Patent CZ-209098-A3 (CZ)
Title: Process for producing composite thread, apparatus for producing such composite thread, apparatus for producing  a composite plate and the composite plate per se
Inventor: LOUBINOUX DOMINIQUE
IPC: B32B37/04
Filed: 1998-06-30
Abstract: The invented manufacturing process is characterized in that at least one strip-like flat thread formation (1, 9) containing at least two materials of different melting point is introduced into an area within which it is heated to a temperature lying between the melting points of the materials and lower if compared with degradation temperature of a material having the least melting point, wherein said strip-like flat thread formation passes over at least one rotating rod (4, 12) heated to a temperature lying between said melting points and lower if compared with degradation temperature of a material having the least melting point, wherein said rod is within said heating area or at the outlet of said heating area or in the direction of feed downstream said heating area. The strip-like flat thread formation leaving the rod or rods (4, 12) is then compressed in order to form a composite strip, and the strip (B) is withdrawn in the form of one or several composite boards. Disclosed is also apparatus for making the above-described process wherein the apparatus comprises one or several feed device (Ai1, Ai2) of at least one strip-like flat thread formation (1, 9), at least one device (3, 11) for heating said strip-like flat formation, at least one rotating heated rod (4, 12) disposed in the path of the strip-like flat formation and at least one device (5) for compressing and optionally cooling the strip-like flat formation. Further disclosed is a composite board based on at least one organic thermoplastic material and at least one reinforcing material, the materials having different melting points, wherein the board contains at least one set of reinforcing endless filaments situated approximately parallel to each other in a first direction, whereby the filaments are embedded in the organic material and corrugation amplitude of each endless filament is less than 0.5 mm relative to its direction.
Patent CZ-215393-A3 (CZ)
Title: Heat-exchange apparatus of panel-like type
Inventor: DINULESCU MIRCEA
IPC: F28F3/12
Filed: 1993-10-13
Abstract: For applications operating at high temperatures and pressures there is designed a heat exchanger comprising a core (1) made of plan parallely and mutually in distance arranged plates (7), defining passages for heat exchanging fluids, the core (1) being compressed between end panels (2) by tie rods. The heat exchanger further comprises a spacer (10) filled with insulation (12) and arranged between the core (1) and each of the end panels (2). The end panels (2) are sprung away from the core (1) by resilient elements located between the end panels (2) and the spacers (10) and/or located on the tie rods (3).
Patent CZ-218295-A3 (CZ)
Title: Aryl-benzoylguanidine
Inventor: GERICKE ROLF DR
IPC: A61P9/00
Filed: 1995-08-25
Abstract: Arylbenzoylguanidines of formula (I) and their salts are new: R1 = A, CF3, CH2F, CHF2, C2F5, CN, NO2, halogen, ethynyl or XR4; R2, R3 = H, halogen, A, XR4, CN, NO2, CF3, CH2F, CHF2, C2F5, CH2CF3, S(O)nR6, SO2NR4R5, Ar or OAr; R4 = H, A, 5-7C cycloalkyl, 6-8C cycloalkylmethyl, CF3, CH2F, CHF2, CH2CF3, Ar or CH2Ar; R5 = H or A; or R4+R5 = 4-5C alkylene, opt. with a CH2 gp. replaced by O, S, NH, NA or NCH2Ar; R6 = A or Ar; A = 1-6C alkyl; X = O, S or NR5; Ar = phenyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl opt. substd. by 1-3 of A, OA, NR4R5, halogen or CF3; n = 1 or 2
Patent CZ-226194-A3 (CZ)
Title: Stabilizing agents based on benzofuran-2-ones
Inventor: NESVADBA PETER DR
IPC: C08K5/1535
Filed: 1994-09-15
Abstract: Compounds of the formula I <IMAGE>  wherein     R1 is halogen or -OR'1, R'1 is hydrogen, C1-C25-alkanoyl, C3-C25-alkenoyl, C3-C25 -alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulphur or  〉 N-R6; C6-C9-cycloalkylcarbonyl, thenoyl, furoyl, benzoyl or benzoyl substituted by C1-C12-alkyl; naphthoyl or naphthoyl substituted by C1-C12-alkyl; C1-C25-alkanesulphonyl, C1-C25-alkanesulphonyl substituted by fluorine; phenylsulphonyl or phenylsulphonyl substituted by C1-C12-alkyl; <IMAGE>   as stabilisers for organic materials against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation.
Patent CZ-278097-A3 (CZ)
Title: Machine-tool
Inventor: KOLBLIN ROLF
IPC: B23Q3/155
Filed: 1996-10-19
Abstract: The machine tool has a table (10) with a vertically movable slide (12) which bears a tool shank (SK1) and hence performs the machining. For replacing the tool shank (SK1) by a new one (SK2), there is a changing device (15) having a changer arm (16) pivotable through 90 DEG  about a vertical shaft (37). On the changer arm (16) are fitted two securing couplers (17, 18), one above the other, each of which can support a tool shank (SK1, SK2). The tool shanks are taken and transferred to the changing device (15) by a transport device (24), which seizes the tool shanks from above. The changing device (15) grips the tool shanks laterally. When the changer arm (16) is pivoted through 90 DEG , the tool shank is pivoted in front of the table (10) so that it can be accepted by the vertical slide (12).
Patent CZ-278694-A3 (CZ)
Title: Method of taking apart or separating sheets or plates and apparatus for making the same
Inventor: OLOFSSON BENGT
IPC: B65H3/02
Filed: 1993-04-16
Abstract: A method of separating, or destacking, sheets (3) from one another in a stack (2) comprises the steps that two separator devices (1) are brought into contact with opposing edges of the stack (2) and that the sheet (3) is subjected by each separator device (1) to a force with a first component at right angles up from the stack (2) and a second component in the plane of the sheet and from the separator device (1) in towards the stack (2). As separator device (1), use is made of a worm or screw (12). An apparatus for separating, or destacking, sheets (3) in a stack (2) comprises at least one separator device (1) with a number of engagement members which, seen from the stack, move in a feeding direction (5) in order, by engagement with the stack (2), to separate sheets (3) piecewise from the stack. At upper, opposing edges of the stack (2), separator devices (1) are disposed in engagement with the stack. The feeding directions (5) thereof incline inwardly and upwardly towards a point over the stack (2).
Patent CZ-317395-A3 (CZ)
Title: Process for preparing alkyl-4-bromophenyl ethers
Inventor: LEHMANN BERND DR
IPC: C07C43/225
Filed: 1995-11-29
Abstract: Prepn. of alkyl 4-bromophenylether derivs. (I) comprises reacting an alkyl phenyl ether with HBr and H2O2. The process is carried out in the absence of solvents. The HBr and H2O2 are added to the alkyl phenyl ether. >1 Mole H2O2 and >1 mol HBr are added per mol alkyl phenyl ether. The H2O2 and HBr are added simultaneously to alkyl phenyl ether at -10 to +20 [deg]C and the mixt. then warmed to 25-40 [deg]C. 1.0-1.2 Mol H2O2 and HBr are added to alkyl phenyl ether, the organic phase sepd. and this then reacted with more H2O2/HBr.
Patent CZ-9903196-A3 (CZ)
Title: Drill for percussion drilling machines
Inventor: GALLATZ ARMIN
IPC: B23B31/00
Filed: 1999-09-09
Abstract: The chucked length (6) of the drill (1) is reduced by the axial travel of the hammerdrill (12) and a seal (14) is interposed at spacing from the drill shank rear end (11) so as to seal the drill shank (2) off from the chuck (7). The length reduction amounts to10-20 mm and the effect is to cushion the striker impact so as to preserve hole integrity without spalling or break-out.
Patent CZ-337198-A3 (CZ)
Title: Peptide pharmaceutical products for peroral application
Inventor: STERN WILLIAM
IPC: A61K9/36
Filed: 1997-03-14
Abstract: A pharmaceutical compositions for oral delivery of physiologically active peptide agents comprises: (a) active peptide; (b) pH-lowering agent(s), present in a quantity that, if added to 0.1 M aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10 ml), would be sufficient to lower the pH of the to solution to \~ 5.5.; (c) absorption enhancer(s) effective in promoting bioavailability of the agent, and (d) acid-resistant protective vehicle effective to transport the composition through the stomach of the patient while preventing contact between the active peptide and stomach proteases. (c) is a surfactant, which is preferably absorbable or biodegradable, especially an acylcarnitine, phospholipid or bile acid, and the composition preferably further contains (e) a sucrose ester. (c) is a surfactant chosen from an anionic agent that is a cholesterol derivative, a mixture of a negative charge neutraliser and an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant. The composition includes \- 2 (c), one of which is a cationic surfactant and another of which is an anionic surfactant that is a cholesterol derivative, e.g. a water-soluble bile acid. The composition is a solid dosage form with a wt. ratio of (b) to (c) being 5:1-10:1. (b) is chosen from citric acid, tartaric acid and an acid salt of an amino acid. (b) is present in an amount \~ 300 (preferably 400) mg. (a) is vasopressin, salmon calcitonin or insulin. (d) is viscous protective syrup.
Patent ES-8801300-A3 (ES)
Title: Cyano tri:acetyl-ribofuranosyl triazole prepn.
IPC: C07H19/056
Filed: 1987-10-01
Abstract: 3-Cyano 1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl beta-D-ribofuranosyl) 1,2,4-triazole, for use as an intermediate in prepn. of medicaments, is made by (a) reaction of 3-cyano 1,2,4-triazole with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl beta-D-ribofuranosyl at 150 deg.C (b) treatment of the prod. with bis(p-nitro phenyl) phosphate at the same temp. under reduced pressure (c) soln. of the residue formed in a suitable solvent e.g. CHCl3 (d) filtration and removal of excess solvent by evaporation and (e) crystallisation of the residue from a solvent e.g. diethyl ether.
Patent SK-111093-A3 (SK)
Title: Carbazolone derivatives and method of their manufacturing
Inventor: BOD PETER
IPC: C07D209/88
Filed: 1993-10-13
Abstract: The invention relates to carbazolone derivatives of the formula <CHEM>  wherein   A   stands for a group of formula    -CH2-R   (V),    wherein R means a hydroxyl or 2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl group; B   represents a group of formula <CHEM>  wherein R1 means hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl group; or A and B   together form a group of formula <CHEM>  wherein R2 means a methyl or ethyl group; or A and B   together form a group of formula   <CHEM>   The above compounds are useful intermediates in the synthesis of ondansetron of formula <CHEM> chemically 9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-c arbazol-4-one. The invention further relates to a novel process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I), wherein A and B are the same as in formula (I).
Patent SK-128993-A3 (SK)
Title: Steam generator
Inventor: ANTOSIJEVICZ PETER
IPC: F22B37/20
Filed: 1993-11-18
Abstract: In the case of a suspended steam generator employing the system of natural circulation or forced (fan-assisted) circulation, in particular a waste heat boiler downstream of gas turbines, the steam collecting drum 6 is mounted on brackets 4 over the downcomers 1, with the result that the mounting point is arranged in the vicinity of the inlet collecting chamber (header) 2 of the evaporator heating surface 3, and the weight of the steam collecting drum is introduced via the bracket 4 into the housing 5 of the suspended steam generator. <IMAGE>
Patent SK-356789-A3 (SK)
Title: Method of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes preparation in process of fermentation
Inventor: VOTRUBA JAROSLAV
IPC: C12N1/20
Filed: 1989-06-13
Abstract: A method of a hydrolytic extracellular enzymes preparation in the process of fermentation, in a submerged culture, especially amylase, protease and lipase in fermentation fluids containing nutrients, is processed in such a manner that fermentation fluids are added with besides nutrients aluminium oxide, insoluble aluminosilicates, synthetic or natural zeolites or a bentonite in an amount of from 0,2 to 5 percent by weight, in respect to a weight of the fermentation fluid.
Patent SK-571987-A3 (SK)
Title: DIRECT CURRENT ARC MELTING FURNACE FOR CONTINUOUS MELTING OFì STEEL SCRAP
Inventor: JANIAK ROBERT A
IPC: H05B7/11
Filed: 1987-07-31
Abstract: Process and apparatus for the continuous melting of scrap in an electric D.C. furnace, in which the D.C. source (23) supplies vault electrodes (4) and hearth electrodes (8) by means of respective feed conductors (7) and return conductors (9). The scrap is fed through an orifice (12). The vault electrode or electrodes (4) are arranged on the other side of the axis of the shaft (1) in relation to the orifice (12). The hearth electrode or electrodes (8) are offset towards the orifice (12), and the return conductor or conductors (9) connected to the hearth electrode or electrodes (8) are led under the bottom (2) of the shaft (1) and as near as possible to the latter, being directed towards the opposite zone of the furnace where the vault electrodes (4) are located, as to generate magnetic fields capable of deflecting the arc or arcs towards a zone set apart from the vault electrodes (4) and located substantially below the scrap feed orifice (12 ).
Patent BE-1001626-A3 (BE)
Title: Colorants disazoiques anioniques, leur preparation et leurs utilisations.
IPC: C09D11/02
Filed: 1989-03-08
Granted: 1989-12-19
Abstract: Les nouveaux colorants disazoiques anioniques répondant à la formule servent principalement à la teinture et à l'impression de matières textiles, du papier ou du cuir et à la préparation d'encres.
Patent BE-1006639-A3 (BE)
Title: Ventilation window for vehicles
IPC: B60J1/20
Filed: 1993-01-29
Granted: 1994-11-03
Abstract: The invention relates to a ventilation window for vehicles, such as amongother things cars, lorry cabs or van cabs. The distinguishing feature is thatit consists of a frame (2) that is to be attached to the upper part of thedoorframe, to which a perforated transparent plate (4) is attached. When inuse, this plate has a sealing strip (5) at the bottom, which is springy andinternally reinforced against being bent. This is done in such a way that thesealing strip (5) is always a slight distance away from the windowpane (8),which can be moved up and down in the door, so that rainwater is not blockedfrom running off it.<IMAGE>
Patent BE-1008724-A3 (BE)
IPC: C04B41/84
Filed: 1994-09-27
Granted: 1996-07-02
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP95/03785 Sec. 371 Date May 7, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 7, 1997 PCT Filed Sep. 25, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/09993 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 4, 1996A mixture is proposed for treating substrates, in particular glass or ceramic material, containing silicon compounds. The proposed mixture consists of the following components: (a) component A, which is formed from at least the polysiloxane with Si-H bonds; (b) component B, which is formed from at least one bi-, tri- or tetrafunctional silane, an alkoxy or CH3COO rest acting as the functional group; and (c) component C, which is formed from at least one strong, anhydrous organic or inorganic acid. The mixture can be applied to the substrate to particular advantage after being diluted with a solvent.
Patent BE-1011421-A3 (BE)
Title: Procede d'obtention d'amidon et de proteines a partir de riz ou de riz brise.
Inventor: BARTSCH WILFRIED
IPC: C08B30/04
Filed: 1996-02-13
Granted: 1999-09-07
Abstract: Procédé d'obtention d'amidon naturel et de protéines naturelles ou modifiées à partir de riz ou de riz brisé, conformément auquel on broie ou concasse d'abord le riz à sec ou à l'état mouillé et on le trempe ensuite en vue de l'ameublissement ou de la dislocation de la matrice d'amidon protéinique en recourant à l'addition d'eau à l'état dépourvu de pression et à des températures inférieures à 45 degré C, où, avant ou pendant le trempage, on ajoute des enzymes qui agissent sur la matrice d'amidon protéinique ou sur la matrice d'amidon protéinique et la protéine et on sépare ensuite la suspension ainsi obtenue en amidon, en protéine en suspension et en fibres par le fait que l'on entreprend le trempage de la farine de riz à des valeurs de pH plus grand que 7 petit ou égal à 9, que , pendant ou immédiatement après le trempage, on procède à l'homogénéisaton de la suspension par l'introduction de forces de cisaillement et qu'ensuite, après une dilution de cette suspension, on procède à la séparation par centrifugation en les composants principaux que sont protéine et amidon contenant des fibres.
Patent BE-1012221-A3 (BE)
Title: Attachable beach towel
IPC: A47C9/10
Filed: 1998-10-07
Granted: 2000-07-04
Abstract: This invention relates to attachable beach towels, to be used on all kinds of chairs or reclining chairs. It comprises a rectangular piece of textile with a top, bottom and 2 sides. A reinforced diagonal notch is provided in the 4 corners with 20 by 5 cm dimensions that serve as an attachment system on any type of chair. The towel is slid over the corners of the chair, armchair or recliner using the diagonal notches. Drawing 2 shows a variant of the base model with only 2 instead of 4 diagonal notches in the corners. This variant is only attached to the top of the chair. This new attachment system results in a single-piece beach towel that can be attached to any type of chair without any additional aids or tools. Precisely because of the fact that this new system is integrated in the beach towel, it offers considerable advantages over other, loose attachments systems. It can be installed quickly and easily, does not blow away with sudden wind gusts, and it retains the comfort and function of an ordinary beach towel.<IMAGE>
Patent BG-39296-A3 (BG)
Title: Method for preparing 3, 4- dihydro- 2h- 1, 2- benzothiazin- 3- carboxamide- 1, 1- dioxide
Inventor: KARDYS JOSEPH ANTHONY
IPC: C07D417/12
Filed: 1982-07-23
Abstract: A novel compound of empirical formula  C9H7N2O5SRR<1>Z (I)  produced by reacting an ester of the formula <CHEM> with an equimolar amount of an amine of the formula ZNH2 in a reaction inert organic solvent at a temperature of from about 0 to 110 DEG C wherein R is hydrogen benzyl or (C1-C3) alkyl; R<1> is benzyl or (C1-C4) alkyl and Z is benzopyronyl, alkyl substituted benzopyronyl, 2-pyridyl, alkyl substituted-2-pyridyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thiazolyl substituted by one or two alkyl group, or 5-alkyl-3-isoxazolyl, each alkyl having from one to four carbon atoms; and a novel process utilizing the compounds of formula (I) as intermediates for production of known anti-inflammatory agents of the formula <CHEM> u