Patent GB-824177-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to vector filter system
Inventor: SHELLEY RULON GENE
IPC: G06G7/22
Filed: 1956-03-05
Abstract: 824,177. Electric analog calculating systems. NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION Inc. March 5, 1956, No. 6811/56. Class 37. [Also in Group XL (c)] Apparatus for filtering spurious variations from a vector quantity expressed in terms of three electrical signals each proportional to a component thereof along an axis of a co-ordinate system rotatable in space; comprises means for generating signals proportional to the time derivatives of the component vector signals, means for generating rate signals proportional to the angular rotational components of the co-ordinate system about its respective axes, means for generating signals respectively expressive of components of the cross-products of individual rate signals and individual component signals, means for algebraically combining each such time derivative signal and appropriate components of such cross-product signals to generate signals defining components of the true derivatives of the vector quantity, and feedback means for algebraically combining the vector component signals and the appropriate components of the true derivative signals to generate the corresponding components of the filtered vector quantity. An interceptor aircraft (Fig. 1, not shown) carries a radar indicating in accordance with a system of orthogonal spatial co-ordinate axes i, j and k originating at the interceptor, wherein i denotes the line of sight to a target bomber aircraft, which radar when locked to target yields signal voltages representing V the rate of closure of range, r#j the product of range and angular velocity of target about axis j, and rwk the product of range and angular velocity of target about axis k. Radar rate gyros 2, 3, 4 (Fig. 2), yield signal voltages representing the angular rotational rates #k, #j, wi of the interceptor about the j, k, i axes referred to an inertial co-ordinate system, which control servomotors 5, 6, 7 producing shaft outputs proportional thereto. A computer 8 produces voltage signals V Ii , V Ij , and V Ik  representing the components of the interceptor velocity referred to the axes i, j, k of the radar co-ordinate system. The resultant signal of the vectorial combination of signals V, rwj and rwk and the vectorial combination of V Ii , V Ij  and V Ik  represents the target velocity vector relative to inertial space, which signal is utilized for interceptor fire control subject to noise perturbations, which must be filtered or smoothed out before utilization. A radar signal V and a computer signal V Ii  are added at the input to phase-splitting amplifier 9 generating signal Œ V Bi  representing the component of target velocity along the axis i, and derivative network 10 generates signal V Bi  therefrom while potentiometers 11, 12 respectively driven by servos 5, 6 and energized from Œ V Bi  generate signals # k V Bi  and  #j V Bi . Similarly, a radar signal rwk and a computer signal V Ij  are added at the input to phase-splitting amplifier 13 generating signals Œ VB j , from which derivative network 16 generates signal VB k , and from which potentiometers 14, 15 respectively driven by servos 5, 7 generate signals  #k V Bj  and # i V Bj . A radar signal r#j and a computer signal V Ik  are added at the input to phase splitting amplifier 17 generating signals Œ V Bk , from which derivative network 20 generates a signal VB k  and from which potentiometers 18, 19 respectively driven by servos 6 and 7 generate signals # j VB k  and #<SP>i</SP>V Bk . Signals VBi, VB j  and V Bk  represent the velocity components of the target along the i, j, k co-ordinate axes, and the outputs of potentiometers 11 and 19; 12 and 15; 14 and 18; and the derivative signals from networks 16, 20, 10 are respectively combined over series resistances at the inputs of amplifiers 37, 38, 36, and a combined feedback signal proportional to the true vector derivative of the target velocity for each axis is returned over potentiometers 30, 35, 25 to the respective inputs of amplifiers 13, 17, 9 which signals are smoothed by the feedback term; the vector derivative of target velocity being given by where subscript " s " indicates smoothing of the vector of target velocity and its components free of noise perturbations. Revolving into velocity components More complete smoothing is attained by supplying output voltages of amplifiers 36, 37, 38 respectively representing derivative velocity component values #Vis, #Vks or #Vjs to derivative networks 39, 40, 41 whose outputs represent derivative acceleration components #Ais, #Ajs and #Aks. The amplifiers supply the respective derivative velocity voltages in phase opposition to the ends of potentiometers 42, 43; 44, 45; and 46, 47 which are driven by servomotors 5, 6, 7 to respectively generate voltages representing # k #AB is , # j #ABis, # k #AB js , # i #AB ks ; and # j #ABks, # i #ABks respectively. The outputs of potentiometers 44, 46 are combined with the output of derivative network 39 over summation resistances 48, 49, 50 and fed back to the input of amplifier 9, while the outputs of potentiometers 42, 47 and 43, 45 are respectively combined with the outputs of derivative networks 40, 41 over summation resistances 52, 53, 54; 56, 57, 58; for feedback to the inputs of amplifiers 9, 13, 17 over potentiometers 51, 55, 59. Then the vector derivative of the smoothed target acceleration is given by and the further smoothing operation set forth is represented by expressing the vector derivative of target acceleration as components resolved along the three axes i, j, k. The proportions of first and second derivative feedback may be varied by adjustment of resistances 60, 61, 62 in relation to resistances 51, 55, 59, and the circuit may be regarded as equivalent to a filter of transfer function where P is a vector differential operator and K 1 , K 2  are circuit constants dependent on such resistance values.