Patent GB-1222443-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to resistance welding
Inventor: HANNAH MALCOLM DOUGLAS
IPC: B23K11/00
Filed: 1968-04-10
Abstract: 1,222,443. Welding by pressure. WELDING INSTITUTE. 8 April, 1969 [10 April, 1968], No. 17287/68. Heading B3R. In a method of resistance welding a sensing device is pre-set to operate during a weld when the expansion of the workpieces reaches a value between 60% and 90% of a predetermined maximum expansion for the workpieces, the workpieces are squeezed between electrodes, a current is passed between the electrodes and in response to operation of the sensing device the current is switched off either immediately after operation of the sensing means or after a predetermined delay. The workpieces 10, 11 are held between electrodes 12, 13 of the machine, the electrode 13 being fixed and the electrode 12 being movable by a piston 15 in an air cylinder 16, a switch 20 initiating the weld and a timer and power control unit 21 setting a maximum limit for the duration of the weld. A rack 17 carried by the electrode 12 drives a pinion 19 on a shaft which transmits the rotary movement through a clutch to a lever carrying a contact and located between a stop and a contact on a micrometer 26. As expansion takes place the lever is moved to abut its contact against the micrometer adjusted contact. In operation the maximum electrode displacement is determined by trial or by taking into account the workpiece thickness, the current &c. and the gap in the sensing head is set to correspond to 80% of this maximum. Current is supplied to the electrodes and when the desired electrodes displacement has occurred the contacts close to operate a self-latching relay or a self-locking solid state circuit to energize a relay which applies a signal to the control unit to cut off the current. The sensing head may alternatively be a solenoid having a plunger which moves in and out thereof such as alinear inductance transducer to provide a signal. Instead of measuring the upward displacement of a sensing head strain may be measured in a device sensitive to workpiece expansion or in the machine frame when the movable electrode is not completely free. To increase the weld nugget size after the current has been cut off at 80% of the predetermined maximum electrode displacement, the current is switched on again when, due to contraction, the displacement reduces to 65%, further expansion taking place followed by cutting off the current again when 80% is reached. This is repeated until three bursts of current have been provided. A modified sensing head having two contacts on the movable arm engageable with two contacts set for different values of maximum expansion. Another method of increasing the nugget size is to allow the current to continue for a predetermined period e.g. 1 cycle after the sensing element operates. If the current is so low that the heat losses become as large as the heat input an indicator can be provided to indicate a faulty weld if a predetermined period of time is exceeded. Alternatively the welding current may be increased, from the commencement of the weld or from a predetermined instant after commencement e.g. at the end of a timed period if the predetermined displacement has not been reached. The electrodes may apply a high initial pressure and a reduced pressure during nugget growth and may have a tip diameter greater than that normally used for the material thickness.