baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-1078704-A (GB)
Title: Process and apparatus for the electrolytic preparation of chemical compounds
Inventor: HAYCOCK ERNEST WILLIAM
IPC: C25B15/00
Filed: 1965-05-17
Abstract: Chemical compounds are prepared by passing a current through an electrolyte between a parent electrode and a counter electrode, at least part of the parent electrode being in a zone separated from the counter electrode by a pervious barrier; contacting the parent electrode within said zone with a stream of solid conductive particles containing adsorbed reactant, the reactant being converted into the desired compound electrochemically; and discharging the solid conductive particles and reaction product from the said electrode contacting zone.  Typically particles of carbon, a metal such as Ag, Cu, Fe, a semi-conductor such as Si, Ge, <PICT:1078704/C6-C7/1> Se, CuO, platinum-coated particles or salt particles of diameter 1m  to 1 mm but preferably with a range of diameters of not more than 3:1 are fed from a hopper 28 to a mixing unit 24 where they adsorb a liquid reactant fed with an electrolyte along conduit 25 or a gaseous reactant introduced along conduit 34 and mixed by passage through a porous sleeve or a Venturi device. The resultant liquid is fed into a compartment defined by an ionpermeable diaphragm of sintered glass, ceramic or ion-permeable resin and containing the reaction electrode 12 having fingers 18. The treated material passes via conduit 17 to a separator 40 where unchanged reactant, product and electrolyte are discharged at 41 and the conductive particles are discharged at 42 for recycling, a portion of them being bled off at 43 if desired.  The counter electrode 11 may be of wire mesh and the electrolyte in this compartment may be a liquid which may be changed continuously or intermittently by means of conduits 46, 47 or a paste held in a porous solid. If a non-electrolyte fluid is used to convey the reactant material and particles, the reaction electrode must be wetted with electrolyte, e.g. by making the electrode porous and using it also as the diaphragm so that the counter electrode electrolyte passes through it on to its reaction surface.  Such a reaction electrode may be of porous metal or of a porous material having a reticulated inner surface the crests of which are coated with metal to provide a conductive network Fig. 8 (not shown). If desired both compartments may include reaction electrodes which may be formed by a series of grids spaced axially on a supporting rod extending in the direction of flow of the reactant, conductive particles and electrolyte Figs. (not shown). As described the process may be applied to oxidizing aldehydes to acids, reducing aldehydes to alcohols, reducing multiple bonds e.g. hydrogenating naphthalene. In a specific example nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline using platinum electrodes with an applied P.D. of catalytic silver particles of 50 to 150m  and sulphuric acid electrolyte.
Patent GB-315221-A (GB)
Title: An improved process of, and apparatus for, distillation and rectification
IPC: B01D3/00
Filed: 1929-07-08
Abstract: 315,221. Le Melletier, C. July 9, 1928, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Evaporation for liquids contained in solids; distilling plant. - Products contained in animal or vegetable substances, e.g. roots, stalks, bark, leaves, flowers, fruit, grain or seeds, gums, resins, &c. are extracted and rectified by distillation in vacuo at a temperature lower than that at which they were produced in the natural state, to prevent destruction of the vital principles. In an example, the material is placed between heating elements constituted by hollow parallel plates b surrounded by a perforated metal cylinder d and covered by a bell-shaped cover resting on a packing-ring c. Temperature and pressure are regulated by a thermometer f and a gauge g. Cooling takes place in two condensers i, j comprising nests of vertical tubes cooled by brine entering at p and leaving at r. Condensate is collected in receivers k, l. The arrangements are such that both heating and cooling are effected rapidly. The still may also be in the form of a simple metallic casing externally heated and the condensers may consist of metal cylinders with multiple baffles.
Patent GB-296191-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to dough moulding machines
IPC: A21C3/02
Filed: 1927-08-09
Abstract: 296,191. Baker Perkins, Ltd., Harber, L. S., and Pointon, J. E. Aug. 9, 1927. 'Dough-working machines; rolling-machines.- In dough moulding machines of the type involving a number of coiling-spindles having a circular transporting movement, the spindles are carried by a double disc drum and co-operate with an expansible rotary annulus arranged between the drum discs to form a roller path for the dough coils. As shown, a pair of discs a, Fig. 3, carrying aligned coiling-spindles c, embrace an annulus g formed of a spring steel coil with overlapping ends which is expansible by rods f adapted to be moved radially by a wedge d<1> on the end of a spindle d adjustable by a handwheel e. A hollow shaft b carrying the annulus g is driven from a main shaft through gears i, j or through variable-speed gearing. The shaft k drives the discs a through gears q, p and rotates the spindle c through gearing w, v, s, t. Retraction of the spindles is effected by levers n carrying rollers engaging a stationary cam l. Dough portions 3, Fig. 1, are fed through sheeting-rolls x, y and pass down guide rollers z to an abutment 2 and are picked up by the coiling spindles. The coiled portions fall on to a belt 9 and pass beneath a rolling and compressing belt 10.
Patent GB-1399694-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for applying a predetermined force to an elongate member connected to an installation which is sub jected to alternating movements in the direction of said force relative to said member
IPC: E21B15/02
Filed: 1973-05-03
Abstract: 1399694 Boring earth &c INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE DES CARBURANTS ET LUBRIFIANTS 3 May 1973 [5 May 1972] 21089/73 Heading E1F [Also in Division F2] Apparatus for applying a predetermind force to an elongate member (a drill string, not shown) connected to an installation (a floating installation, not shown) subjected to alternating movements in the direction of the force relative to the member, comprises a main hydraulic jack 3 for exerting the force, a source 8 of pressurised hydraulic fluid in communication with the cylinder 5 of the main jack, and a regulating device 7 having two or more hydraulic jacks 9, 10, 11 at least one 9, 10, of which being in communication with the source 8 and another 11 being in fluid communication by way of an auxiliary hydraulic fluid with a means 17, 18 for adjusting the force exerted by the main jack. In the embodiment shown, the regulating device comprises three jacks 9, 10, 11 articulated at 12, the articulation 12 being compelled to move along a predetemined fixed path. The jacks 9 and 10 are attached to fixed points 13 and 14 of the installation, and the chambers of these jacks are subjected to fluid at a pressure P from the source 8. Various alternative combinations of jacks are exemplified to exert and adjust the force on the drill string, and to provide the required regulating device. The regulating device may alternatively take the form of those disclosed in Specifications 1394201 and 1394202.
Patent GB-328862-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for distributing materials on road and like surfaces
IPC: E01C19/17
Filed: 1929-07-09
Abstract: 328,862. Fox, C. G. July 9, 1929. Surface treatment with liquid or semi-liquid materials.-Vehicular apparatus for distributing material such as tar, asphalt, &c. on roads and like surfaces, comprises a rotary distributor 5 having means whereby it is adapted to be raised and lowered as a whole so as to vary its distance from the surface being treated while maintaining constant the length of the driving connection between it and a shaft on which is mounted a friction wheel 9 which contacts with a road wheel 10. The distributor 5 may be driven from the friction wheel 9 by means of a sprocket 8 and chain 7. An elbow 14 pivotally mounted in the casing of the distributor 5 is adapted to be engaged telescopically by an elbow 12 which is pivotally connected with an outlet 11 of a tank containing the material to be distributed. The distributor 5 is connected with a cross member 15 by means of which it is adapted to be bolted in its desired vertical position between a pair of arcuate members 2, a series of bolt holes 16 being provided for this purpose in the members 2. If desired, more than one friction wheel may be employed, and the connection between the tank and the distributor may be of flexible type. In a modification, the distributor may be rigidly mounted on the arcuate members 2 which are then adjustably mounted on the vehicle frame. Specifications 284,254; and 308,480, [Class 69 (iii), Spray-producers &c.], are referred to.
Patent GB-169055-A (GB)
Title: Improved means for automatically controlling the gas supply to gas heated flat irons
IPC: D06F75/02
Filed: 1920-07-13
Abstract: 169,055. Ireland, J. July 13, 1920. Gas hand-irons are controlled by a thermostat comprising a metallic rod f, Fig. 1, enclosed in a housing in the base, and having one end fixed, the other free end f<1> being adapted to form a valve to throttle the gas-inlet passage h. The valve seating and inlet passage are formed in a hollow screw h<1> provided externally with an adjustment handle h<2>. The burner d conforms to the shape of the iron, as shown in Fig. 3, and the jets impinge downwardly upon conduction ribs n. The hollow top cover o has lateral wings or deflectors to protect the user's hand. To compensate for variations in the gas supply pressure an adjustment screw p is provided. The gas passes through a chamber g, past the valve f<1>, through the vertical passage i, and jet j. The jet consists of a tube terminating in a vertical slot formed by squeezing or constricting the end.
Patent GB-273523-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in addition material for ferrous metals
IPC: C21C7/00
Filed: 1926-08-27
Abstract: 273,523. Wade, H., (International Nickel Co.). Aug. 27, 1926. Alloys.-Nickel or nickel alloy, previous to its addition to a ferrous metal, is united with a substance or substances which will lower the melting point of the nickel or its alloy, and which will have no deleterious action upon the ferrous metal. It is preferred to add to the nickel 1-3 per cent of carbon and 1-15 per cent of silicon. 5 per cent of nickel so treated may be added to cast iron. Aluminium may also be added to the nickel along with the carbon and silicon. The nickel alloy is preferably formed into shot before addition, if it is to be added to a molten ferrous bath. The additions to the nickel may be made in the form of ferro-silicon, and the carbon either as flour carbon or tar coke. The nickel alloy may be added to the cupola as a small ingot mixed with the cupola charge. A small amount of phosphorus may be added to the nickel. Other additions to a nickel-silicon-carbon alloy may be one or more of the elements chromium, manganese, copper, tungsten, molybdenum, and sulphur, and a suitable amount of iron may be used as a diluting agent.
Patent GB-636919-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the manufacture of articles and structural elements used at low temperatures and to steels for use therein
IPC: C22C38/08
Filed: 1947-08-05
Abstract: 636,919. Alloys; annealing. MOND NICKEL CO., Ltd. Aug. 5, 1947, No. 21249. Convention date, Aug. 2, 1946. [Classes 72 and 82(i)] An article or structural element which is subjected in use to very low temperatures is made from a ferritic steel of the following composition C up to 0.2 per cent, Ni 10 to 15 per cent, Fe with impurities and other elements commonly used in the practice of making carbon steel, forming the remainder. Among such impurities and other elements may be Si up to 0.3 per cent, Mn up to 1.25 per cent or more. S up to 0.04 per cent for example and P up to 0.03 per cent for example. Residual amounts of Al and/or Ti may also be present, e.g. in amount of 0.5 to 0.1 per cent each. The steel may be given one or two heat treatments above the AC 3  point and one or two reheatings below the AC 1  point with air-cooling or oil-quenching between each step. The first heating may be at a temperature above the line AB and preferably 200‹F. above it for about one hour per inch of cross section. The second heating should be at least 50‹F. above the line AB. The first reheating is within or near the zone CDEF. A further reheating may be given at a temperature not exceeding the zone CDEF by more than 25‹F.
Patent GB-1017941-A (GB)
Title: Parking plant
IPC: G07B15/02
Filed: 1964-05-22
Abstract: 1,017,941. Parking meters. S. MEYER. May 22, 1964 [May 22, 1963], No. 21313/64. Heading G4V. Each car parking space 1, 2, 3, 4, Fig. 1 (not shown) has a barrier 7 which is raised when the presence of a car is detected by a photoelectric cell 52 of a meter 10 which is adapted to lower the barrier on receipt of coins to a value corresponding to the time parked. A car, on breaking a light beam 14 emitting from a source 15, causes a motor 9 to raise the barrier after a short delay, the period of which may be adjusted. The parking fee is added up through a shaft 35 which is stepped round by either one of two step-feeders 44, 45 according to which imput line, 32 or 33, pulses are received from a transmitter 22. The transmitter consists of a camshaft continuously-driven from a clock 23, and a device for alternately switching into operation the lines 32 and 33 according to whether it is night or day; the rate of pulse transmission can be varied by either exchanging the cams for different ones or altering the drive ratio from the clock. Each segment 40, 41 is freely mounted on the shaft 35 and turns the wheels 36, 37 clockwise through pawls 42. When the shaft 35 has been rotated by an angle corresponding to the total movement imparted by both the segments, a pin 46 on the wheel 37 actuates a switch 48 for both lighting up a lamp 19 and blocking the coin mechanism. Prior to the switch 48 being actuated, coins may be fed down shoots 49, 50 to operate a step-feeder 51 for returning the shaft 39 to its initial position where a switch 39 starts the motor 9 to lower the barrier; the barrier then remaining lowered for a short period.
Patent GB-239050-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in laundry apparatus
IPC: D06F37/02
Filed: 1924-09-09
Abstract: 239,050. British-American Laundry Machinery Co., Ltd., (American Laundry Machinery Co.). Sept. 9, 1924. Washing-machines with closed or enclosed rotary receptacles; handling and dealing with work in laundries.-To keep the articles of one customer separate from those of another during a sequence of laundering operations, a number of perforated containers is provided. The containers 7 are in the form of quarter cylinders, so that when a plurality of such containers are assembled on a framework 16 carried by a spindle 4, a complete cylinder is formed which is rotated within a stationary casing 2. The containers may be moved and placed within a hydro-extractor 27 carried by a shaft 24, Fig. 6. The containers may then be moved and assembled in another framework carried by a spindle 36, Fig. 2, and rotated in a heated drying chamber containing a blower 40. Each container is provided at both ends with spring-pressed catches 12 engaging flanges 17 on the framework of the washer and dryer, the catch at one end serving also to secure the pivoted cover 9.
Patent GB-572481-A (GB)
Title: Noise reduction circuit for sound recording systems
IPC: G11B7/00
Filed: 1943-12-20
Abstract: 572,481. Optical recording. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. Dec. 20, 1943, No. 21332. Convention date, Dec. 31, 1942. [Class 40 (ii)] In an optical sound-recording system in which an auxiliary circuit is employed to control the average amount of light emitted by the source in accordance with the average amplitude of the sound currents, e.g. by operating a shutter or by varying the intensity of the source, such circuit including a rectifier and a condenser-resistance timing circuit, the timing circuit is subject to a further control by the sound currents for varying the discharge rate of the condenser to ensure a quick response to rapid increases of amplitude. As shown, the auxiliary circuit comprises an amplifier 11 feeding a transformer 13, the voltage across tapping points 16 of the secondary being rectified at 18 and applied to a timing condenser 20 shunted by resistors 21, 22, and the output being passed through a filter formed by a resistor 25 and condenser 26, and a D.C. amplifier 30 to the recorder 7. In addition, the full voltage across the secondary is applied after rectification at 19 across the resistor 22, which has a much smaller value than the resistor 21, thus reducing the discharge of the condenser 20 between peaks. For slow changes of amplitude the rectifier 18 carries no current since the peak voltage it receives is less than the average voltage applied across the condenser 20 by the rectifier 19, but for rapid increases of amplitude, the voltage applied to the rectifier 18 predominates since the charging of the condenser 20 is delayed by the resistor 21, and produces a faster response.
Patent GB-261121-A (GB)
Title: Ignition apparatus for automobiles
IPC: H02K21/38
Filed: 1925-08-26
Abstract: 261,121. Pellet, A. V. Aug. 26, 1925. Magnetos, driving; magneto-electric machines. -An ignition magneto is mounted on a coverplate 15 bolted to the engine casing, and is driven through spur wheels 16, 17, 18, 19, 30, the shaft 13 being the valve shaft. The spur wheel 30 is centrallv mounted between ball bearings supported in a frame 22 bolted to the inclined end of the plate 15 and has the magneto proper on one side, and the interrupter and distributer mechanism on the other. Extending laterally from the frame 22 are non-magnetic members 32 - - 35, Fig. 4, provided with a cylindrical bore in which the magneto rotor is positioned. Between them are fitted the polepieces 36, 37 of the permanent magnet 38, and also the pole-pieces 46, 47 of the transformer core. Strips 40, 41 catching over projections 39 and bolted together at their other ends keep the magnet 38 in position. The pole-pieces 46, 47 are connected by a member 48, encircling which are the primary and secondary windings 50, 51. In a modification for use at starting and low speeds, the drive is transmitted to the rotor in a series of impulses. A spring 97 within the gear-wheel 30<a> is connected at its inner end to a notch 96, Fig. 8, in the hub of the wheel and its outer end bears against a projection 99 carried by a dog-plate 100, Fig. 11, keyed to the shaft of the rotor. On the dog-plate is a pair of pivoted members 103, one end of each of these members engaging cam surfaces 107, 108 within the rim of the wheel 30<a>, and the other having a lug which engages an opening in the plate designed to restrict the movement of the pivoted member. Each pivoted member 103 also has a surface 109 which may be engaged by a lug 110 on a member 111 pivotally attached to a fixed plate. When one of the members 103 engages the cam surface within the rim of the hub, the lugs 109, 110 are disengaged and the plate and the magneto rotor are impelled forward under the action of the spring until the projection 99 comes into contact with the stop 99<a>. Gravity resets the lugs 109, 110 into engagement, but at higher speeds centrifugal force prevents such re-engagement and the drive automatically becomes continuous. The member 111 may be adjusted from the outside.
Patent GB-702294-A (GB)
Title: Photographic diazotype layers
IPC: G03C1/60
Filed: 1951-09-11
Abstract: 702,294. Photographic diazotype material. OZALID CO., Ltd., FRANKE, R. H., and MURRAY, H. D. Sept. 11, 1952 [Sept. 11, 1951], No. 21409/51. Class 98(2) A wettable base such as paper is coated with an aqueous emulsion comprising a vinyl compound partly polymerized to a stage when the emulsion droplets are still liquid and stabilized against electrolyte precipitation, a light sensitive diazo compound, a coupling component and a fixed acid; and the coating is dried to break the emulsion and give a continuous film, which latter is heated to cause further polymerization and produce a waterinsoluble gas-permeable layer suitable for ammonia development after exposure. The vinyl compound may be vinyl chloride acetate or acetal, or styrene or methyl methacrylate; a commercial 40 per cent polyvinyl acetate emulsion stabilized by addition of a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol and polyoxyethylene monoether of cetyl alcohol may be used. The diazo compound may be that derived from para-dimethyl amino aniline, paradiethyl amino aniline, para-hydroxyethyl ethyl amino aniline or double salts with zinc chloride, a para-diazo diphenylamine sulphate; and 2, 3-dihydroxy naphthalene-6-sulphonic acid, phloroglucinol, resorcinol, aceto-acetic anilide, or the urea of meta amino phenol may be used as coupling component. Stabilizers for diazotype coatings, such as naphthalene sulphonic acids and thiourea, plasticizers and small quantities of dyestuffs may be included in the emulsion. In the case of paper or other absorbent base it is preferable to pre-treat the surface with an emulsion comprising polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, dibutyl phthalate and a wetting agent and dry before sensitizing. Four examples leading to the production of blue, black, blue-black and purple lines respectively provide quantitative details.
Patent GB-802163-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in method of making a shaped laminate of plastic material and base member
IPC: B32B27/00
Filed: 1955-07-25
Abstract: <PICT:0802163/III/1> A plastic sheet is simultaneously shaped to the form of a base and laminated thereto by heating the plastic sheet, the under-surface of which is coated with a heat-activated adhesive, to a temperature such that it becomes malleable but not deformable by the action of gravity, draping this sheet over a base which is heated to a temperature in excess of that of the plastic sheet and which has a similar heat-activated adhesive on its surface and establishing a vacuum between the two thus causing the plastic to be moulded to the shape of and joined to the base.  The base 11, Fig. 3, is supported on a pierced hollow form 20 of similar shape with plastic sheet 12 draped over it and the air between the plastic and the base is withdrawn by the application of a vacuum acting through holes 27 in the form and corresponding holes drilled in the base.  The plastic is forced against the sides of the frame 35 and 36 by hand and holes 33 cause it to conform to the edge shape of the base.  Excess plastic is trimmed off and the laminate cooled and removed from the frame.  The thermoplastic sheet may be roughened or grained, e.g. by pressing the sheet against a suitably engraved metal plate in a platen press, and at the same time a leather-like grain may be applied to the outer surface of the thermoplastic sheet.  The invention may be used in the manufacture of dash-board panels.  The base may be of metal and the plastic used may be a mixture of a resinous copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene and a rubbery copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile with the optional addition of a plasticiser such as dioctyl phthalate and polyvinyl chloride.  The preferred adhesive is a methyl isobutyl ketone solution of a synthetic rubber, EC-766, believed to be a butadieneacrylonitrile rubber. Specification 632,722, [Group V], is referred to.