baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-899785-A (GB)
Title: Turbulence generating element for heat exchangers
IPC: F28F13/12
Filed: 1960-10-28
Abstract: 899,785. Tubular heat exchange elements. VANDEVELDE, A. Oct. 28, 1960, No. 37121/60. Class 64(3) A turbulence generating element for mounting in the smoke or flame tubes of a heat exchanger consists of baffles arranged on opposite sides of, and inclined to an axial central plane, in pairs; the distance between two baffles of a pair decreasing in the direction of flow. The baffles are fixed to a central axial core whose cross-sectional area increases in the direction of flow so that the smoke, whilst cooling, passes through at a substantially constant speed and is subjected to an approximately constant intensity of turbulence. The shape of the baffles 4<SP>1</SP> and 4<SP>1</SP> is derived from an isosceles triangle, the bases 7 of which penetrate into the core 5 and the apices of which are inscribed to a circle the radius of which conforms to the radius of the circular cross-section of the tube 1, some allowance being made for the thermal expansion. The central core 5 has a cruciform cross-section, the arms 8 of which are all equal to one another.
Patent GB-868226-A (GB)
Title: Collapsible pleated covers or bellows for rams and shafts and helical springs
IPC: F16F1/02
Filed: 1958-11-20
Abstract: 868,226. Machinery guards. ROTHERY, H. Nov. 4, 1959 [Nov. 20, 1958], No. 37331/58. Class 80 (4). [Also in Group XXXII] A collapsible pleated cover or bellows 1 for rams, shafts or helical springs &c. made of leather or similarly flexible material is joined along a longitudinal split by a sliding clasp fastener 4 so that the cover 2 may be applied and removed from the ram &c. in a radial direction. The interior of the cover may be lined with a greaseproof material.
Patent GB-763166-A (GB)
Title: Transistor circuits
IPC: H03K3/35
Filed: 1954-12-24
Abstract: 763,166. Transistor circuits. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Dec. 24, 1954 [Dec. 31, 1953], No. 37377/54. Class 40(6) In a circuit employing a transistor with asymmetrically conductive base 1a, emitter 1e and collector 1c and an ohmic base 1b the flow of current through the latter is limited to a maximum value. The circuit enables the higher amplification of the asymmetrically conductive base to be realised, while maintaining a high back impedance in the off condition due to the connection over ohmic base 1b. In the off condition with no emitter current, the currents flow through resistor 8 exceeds the ohmic base current so that the diode 7 is conductive and the base 1b is near earth potential. The collector current Ico then lies on the curve 10, Fig. 2, intersecting the load line 12 of resistor 5 and presenting a high impedance. The decrease in back resistance in the off condition, if the auxiliary base alone were used is shown in curve 11. When emitter current flows, an enhanced base current results, increasing until it equals the diode current, whereupon the base 1b is no longer at earth potential and the circuit operates with the auxiliary base electrode giving a higher amplification. The transistor may be of the type described in U.S.A. Specification 2,609,428 is referred to.
Patent GB-1518086-A (GB)
Title: Radiography
IPC: A61B6/03
Filed: 1975-09-25
Abstract: 1518086 Radiography EMI Ltd 25 Sept 1975 [24 Aug 1974] 37377/74 Heading H4F A method of radiological examination of a body comprises irradiating a planar slice of the body along a plurality of coplanar sets of parallel beams, the sets being at different angles to the body, determining the absorption suffered by each beam in passing through the body, recording the absorption data in analogue form on a recording medium such that points on the medium are related through a coordinate system to points in the plane of the body being examined, recovering selected data from the medium in such a way that their sum represents the linear absorption coefficient for a point in the planar slice of the body and using such sums to construct a distribution of absorption coefficients over an area of the slice. The recording medium can be an electronic storage tube, a thermoplastic sheet scanned by an electron beam, a photochromic tube or a magnetic tape or disc. The irradiation and detection apparatus can be as in Specification 1,283,915. A mathematical analysis of the technique is provided.
Patent GB-1066946-A (GB)
Title: Rice milling
IPC: A23L7/196
Filed: 1963-09-23
Abstract: Rice oil is recovered from the volatile liquid organic solvent used for cleaning brown rice (see Division A2).ALSO:In a process and apparatus for cleaning rice involving the removal of bran, rice oil and colouring matter from brown rice, the brown rice, e.g. after being treated with a liquid bran-softening agent as described in Specification 1,066,947 is milled in the presence of a volatile liquid organic solvent, which may contain a small amount of wated insufficient to penetrate the endosperm, but sufficient, for example, to form an azeotropic mixture.  Suitable solvents are: n hexane, n heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichlorodiethyl ether and alcohol-ether mixtures.  The milled rice and bran may be subjected to further treatment with the solvent.  Solvent is removed from the cleaned rice.  Bran and rice oil are recovered separately from the solvent.
Patent GB-834590-A (GB)
Title: Oxidation of hydrocarbons
Inventor: O'NEILL WILLIAM ALEXANDER
IPC: C07C51/265
Filed: 1956-12-07
Abstract: Ketones are prepared by oxidizing hydrocarbons, having a methylene group between two aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups or two tertiary butyl groups, by means of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, the oxidation being carried out in the liquid phase in a carboxylic acid medium, and in the presence of bromine or a bromide and a metal, metal oxide or salt of variable valency.  The oxidation is advantageously carried out in the presence of manganese bromide and/or cobalt bromide; and may also be carried out in the presence of manganese acetate and/or cobalt acetate together with a substance capable of producing a bromide ion under the reaction conditions, e.g. hydrogen bromide, sodium bromide, ammonium bromide, or an alkyl or an aryl-alkyl bromide. The process is particularly suitable for the oxidation of diphenyl methane, diphenyl ethane, diphenylene methane (fluorene), and di-tertiary butyl methane.  The oxidation of bis-(p-tolyl) methane to p,p1-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid is referred to.  In Example (1), a mixture of fluorene (1 part) in propionic acid (5 parts) is heated to its boiling point in the presence of cobalt bromide (0.01 parts); and oxygen is passed into the mixture at the rate of 2 litres per hour.  After 15 hours the reaction is stopped; and the propionic acid is distilled off, first at atmospheric pressure and then under vacuum.  A 75% yield of fluorenone is obtained as residue.  Example (2) relates to the oxidation of diphenyl methane to obtain benzophenone. Specification 833,438 is referred to.
Patent GB-597864-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in pneumatic paving breakers
IPC: B25D17/04
Filed: 1946-01-24
Abstract: 597,864. Percussion tools. PHILIPPOVIC, J. W. Jan. 24, 1946, No. 37671. Divided out of 597,859. [Class 124] In a pneumatic percussive tool the socket member 3, the motor cylinder 1 and the cylinder head unit 5 are held together by elastic tiebolts 8 connected to the socket member and to the cylinder head unit. The tie-bolts may be formed from circular section spring steel rod bent into a helix 11, the axis of which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bolt, as shown in Fig. 2, or into a smooth curve of at least half a wave, as shown in Fig. 3. The motor cylinder 1 may be formed with grooves 12 and flats 13 to accommodate the straight and bent portions, respectively, of the tie-bolts. To minimize the formation of ice around the exhaust ports 14, the latter are arranged in pairs, the axes of each pair converging downwardly towards each other. The cylinder head unit may be formed with downwardly inclined handles 15 as described in Specification 597,859.
Patent GB-341659-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to high frequency electrical transmission systems
IPC: H03H7/01
Filed: 1929-12-09
Abstract: 341,659. Supporting electric conductors. MARCONI'S WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CO., Ltd., Marconi House, Strand, London.-(Assignees of Peterson, H. O.; Riverhead, Long Island, New York, U.S.A.) Dec. 9, 1929, No. 37779. Convention date, Dec. 8, 1928. [Class 36.] A line conveying high-frequency currents is so designed that it does not pick up or emit radiation. In the arrangement shown in Figs. 2, 3, the two legs of the circuit comprise respectively the pairs 31, 33, and 32, 34, of diagonally opposite wires. Each pair is equivalent to a single conductor midway between its members, so that the external effects of the oppositely directed currents in the two pairs neutralize one another. In modifications there may be six wires arranged at the corners of a hexagon (Fig. 4, not shown), or eight wires at the corners of an octagon or at the corners of two squares of different sizes (Fig. 5, not shown). In order that the wires may have equal tension, their ends are attached to insulators 81 .. 84, Fig. 6, suspended on a pulley system 88, 90, 96, which has a counterweight 98. They may be supported at intermediate points by posts 102 bearing insulators 120 with holes 122 through which wires pass ; and in order that electrical unbalance may be prevented, symmetrically arranged metal plates 110, 112, are provided. The insulators may be made of the substance bearing the registered Trade Mark "isolantite." When the wires have to change direction in a vertical plane they may pass through spaces between insulating rollers 104, 106, 108, Fig. 7.
Patent GB-886963-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to steroids and the manufacture thereof
IPC: C07J5/00
Filed: 1958-11-25
Abstract: The invention comprises 6-fluoro-17a -hydroxyprogesterone, a 17-acylate thereof wherein the acyl group is of an organic carboxylic acid containing 1-12 carbon atoms, inclusive, the corresponding 19-norprogesterones, 5a ,17a -dihydroxy-6b -fluoropregnene-3,20-dione 17-acylate 3-alkylene ketal wherein the acyl group is of a hydrocarbon carboxylic acid containing from 1-12 carbon atoms and wherein the alkylene radical contains not more than 8 carbon atoms inclusive, and the attaching oxygen to carbon are separated by a chain of at least 2 and not more than 3 carbon atoms and the corresponding 19-norpregnanes, and a process which comprises treating a 5a ,6a -oxido-17a -hydroxypregnane-3, 20-dione 17-acylate, 3-alkylene ketal with hydrogen fluoride to give the corresponding 5a ,17a -dihydroxy - 6b  - fluoropregnane - 3, 20 - dione 17-acylate, 3-alkylene ketal, which is hydrolysed with aqueous acid to yield 5a ,17a -dihydroxy6b -fluoropregnane-3,20-dione 17-acylate and dehydrating the thus obtained 5a ,17a -dihydroxy compound with a base or with an acid to obtain 6 - fluoro - 17a  - hydroxy - 4 - pregnene - 3, 20 - dione 17-acylate.  The 17-acylate may be hydrolysed with a base, e.g. NaOH or KOH or with an acid, e.g. dilute HCl.  The 6-fluoro-17a -hydroxyprogesterone so produced may be re-esterified. Alternatively 17a -hydroxy-pregnenone 17-acetate is treated with peracetic acid to obtain 3b , 17a  - dihydroxy - 5a , 6a  - oxidopregnan - 20-one 17-acetate, which on treatment with hydrogen fluoride gives 3b ,5a ,17a -trihydroxy-6b -fluoropregnan-20-one-17-acetate; oxidation thereupon, e.g. using aluminium isopropoxide and acetone, gives 6 - fluoro - 17a  - hydroxyprogesterone 17 - acetate which can be hydrolysed with dilute alkali and, if desired, re-esterified with a hydrocarbon carboxylic acid containing from 1-12 carbon atoms.  In another method 17-hydroxyprogesterone diketal is treated with a peracid such as peracetic or perbenzoic acid to obtain 17a  - hydroxy - 5a , 6a  - oxido - 17a  - hydroxy - pregnane - 3, 20 - dione 3, 20 - bis (ethylene ketal), treating the 5a ,6a -oxido compound with hydrogen fluoride to obtain 5a ,17a -dihydroxy6b -fluoropregnane-3,20-dione 3,20-diketal, which is hydrolysed with an acid to obtain 5a ,17a -dihydroxy - 6b  - fluoropregnane - 3, 20 - dione; the 5a ,17a -dihydroxy compound on treatment with a dehydrating agent gives 6-fluoro-17a -hydroxyprogesterone which may be acylated, if desired. By a similar series of reactions the 6a  isomers and the 19-normethyl analogues may be obtained.  Specification 886,964 is referred to.ALSO:Pharmaceutical compositions comprise 6-fluoro-17a -hydroxyprogesterone 17-acylates or their 19-normethyl analogues and a pharmaceutical diluent.  They are employed orally in tablets or parenterally in a microcrystalline aqueous suspension.  An aqueous suspension for oral use incorporating 6a -fluoro-17a - hydroxy - progesterone 17 - (b  - cyclopentyl - propionate) is described. Specification 886,964 is referred to.
Patent GB-1017567-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of and/or apparatus for flushing the teat cups of milking machines
Filed: 1963-09-26
Abstract: 1,017,567. Milking machines. NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT PROPERTY CORPORATION. Sept. 26, 1963 [Oct. 18, 1962], No. 38003/63. Heading A1M. The teat cups 4 of a milking machine are cleaned by a liquid supplied through a pipe 21 having a controllable outlet 13 connectable with valve means 5 controlling communication between the flexible claw milk tube 3a and the milk line 2, the arrangement being such that when the valve means is in one position milking proceeds and when the valve means is operated to another position the cleaning liquid passes from the outlet 13 through the connecting piece 8 on the valve means to the milk tube 3a, claw milk passages and the interiors of the inflations and is discharged through the open mouths of the inflations. The valve means 5 is connected to the dropper 1 and comprises a two-way valve, the connecting piece 8 being inserted in a resilient sleeve 10 on outlet 13 to operate a spring loaded valve located within the outlet to allow discharge of the liquid. Preferably the cleaning liquid is water obtained from the outflow connection 22 of a milk cooler 23, a T-piece 24 being provided so that when the valve in outlet 13 is closed water is discharged through outlet 26. An extension tube 17 with a valve controlled outlet nozzle 18 is connected to outlet 13 and provides a source of water for udder washing. A sterilising agent may be contained in tank 20 and discharged into the water supply line 21 by means of a venturi injector. A three-position valve may be used in which case the third position isolates the dropper 1 from the milk tube 3a without connecting the tube to the connecting means 8. The apparatus may be extended to allow washing of more than one set of teat cups.
Patent GB-360725-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in indicating devices for electro-magnetic talking machines
IPC: G11B27/13
Filed: 1930-12-19
Abstract: 360,725. Electromagnetic sound-recording or reproducing apparatus. TELEGRAPHIE-PATENTSYNDIKAT GES., 119B, Potsdamerstrasse, Berlin. Dec. 19, 1930, No. 38396. Convention date, Dec. 19, 1929. [Class 40 (ii).] Each record of an electromagnetic machine is provided with its own indicator which indicates on a scale the part of the record wire or band which is passing through the sound head. The indicator is adapted for detachable connection to the machine and is preferably mounted on the casing containing the winding spools. The spools T1, T2 are mounted in a casing Sp and adapted to be operatively connected with shafts W1, W2 of the talking machine when placed in position on the machine table M. The casing Sp is provided with a graduated scale Sk which represents the length of the record and an index Z carried by a collar Sch, slidable on a guide-rod F, is arranged to move over the scale to indicate the part of the record passing through the sound bead. For this purpose, the collar Sch is connected through a slot a in the casing wall with a nut L on a screw spindle S within the casing. A conical gear Z2 at one end of the spindle gears with a gear Z1, mounted on a driving shaft W3 driven by the machine to move the index Z along the scale Sk at a speed proportionate to that of the record. The gear Z1 is slidably feathered on the shaft W3 and supported by a spring f accommodated in a bore in the shaft W3, which enables the gear Z1 to adapt itself to the varying positions of different gears Z2.
Patent GB-1153662-A (GB)
Title: A Circular Knitting Machine for the manufacture of Ladder Proof Stockings with a Double Welt
IPC: D04B15/02
Filed: 1966-08-26
Abstract: 1,153,662. Knitting. TEXPATENT G.m.b.H. 26 Aug., 1966 [30 Aug., 1965], No. 38407/66. Headings D1C and D1K. A turned welt with run resistant courses is produced on a circular machine by providing sinkers having edges at two levels 7a, 1b Fig. 9, whereby an initial course of a welt can be held down on the shanks of the needles, as described for example in Specification 940708, whereafter the remainder of the welt is knitted and completed by withdrawal of the sinkers causing an inclined edge 7e to lift the initial course so that it is knitted through and cast of the needles with a subsequent course. During the production of the welt the fabric is rendered run-resistant by transferring needle loops of one course to needles in adjacent wales which are knitting a subsequent course Fig. 8b. The loop transferring is achieved by the provision of mechanism 10 Fig. 1 which comprises a carrier body 11 in which loop transfer elements 9 are located within the needle circle and adapted to receive a radial as well as a vertical movement whereby they are advanced to engage and lift a loop of yarn from the fabric or needles. Thereafter the carrier body which is travelling at a speed slightly different from that of the needle cylinder causes the elements to become located over needles adjacent the wales from which the loops have been taken and subsequently transfer the loops to those needles by lowering the elements into a loop transferring position. The carrier body is provided with cams for advancing and retracting the elements as well as cam surfaces for raising and lowering them out of and into position. The carrier is mounted on a hollow shaft 16 supported by a shaft 23 and the cams are supported by a hollow shaft 25. The whole unit is supported from the machine head by a pedestal 26 which permits corresponding adjustment of the carrier body in the event of adjustment of the height of the needle cylinder. Alternatively, the elements 9 may be inclined to project upwardly from the carrier body in which event the raising and lowering cams for them may be dispensed with. Further, the elements 9 may be inclined to the radial and permit their projection to deflect the needle loop.
Patent GB-1106302-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to photographic copying apparatus
Inventor: ADAMS ALBERT ERNEST
IPC: G03B27/62
Filed: 1963-09-30
Abstract: 1,106,302. Photographic copying apparatus. PICTORIAL MACHINERY Ltd. Sept.18, 1964 [Sept. 30, 1963], No. 38450/63. Heading G2A. Photographic copying apparatus comprising a camera and a copyholder 24 is provided with means for moving the copyholder between a photographing position 10 in front of the camera and a loading position adjacent an image frame of the camera, as shown in broken lines in Fig.1. The copyholder 24 is supported by two rigid bars 27 each of which bears a rack 28 on its underside at the end remote from the copyholder. Each rack 28 engages a pinion 32 which in turn engages a fixed rack 31. The photographing position 10 is defined by a cradle 21. Two rigid bars 29 secured to the cradle 21 are provided with racks 30 on their undersides coupled to the fixed racks 31 by further pinions 33. The four pinions are secured for simultaneous movement to a shaft 34 extending transversely of the apparatus. An electric motor 62 is operable to turn a screw 25 which moves the cradle 21 along the optical axis of the camera. The shaft 34 will cause such movement of the cradle to impart the same degree of linear movement to the copyholder 24 regardless of the position of the latter. Rotation of the copyholder 24 between its two positions is effected by means shown in Fig.3. A frame 37 is slidably mounted on each bar 27 and carries an internally toothed gear-wheel 38 positioned coaxially with the shaft 34. A shaft 42 is free to rotate within the shaft 34 and rotatably mounts eccentric pinions 40 which are prevented from rotating with the shaft 42 by linkage 41. An electric motor 46 is operable to rotate a wormwheel 44 and thus turn the bars 27 about the axis of the shaft 34. A device for modifying the tone of a photograph comprises a source 57 and a semireflector 58 located in front of the camera lens so as to introduce illumination into the camera.
Patent GB-827922-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to a process for producing sugars from cellulosic material
IPC: C13K13/00
Filed: 1957-12-12
Abstract: In the production of sugars from cellulosic material containing cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, such as hard and soft woods, bagasse and cotton stalks, particles of the material are treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid of a concentration, e.g. 29-36% by weight, sufficient for hydrolysis of the hemicellulose but not of the cellulose, such treatment being conducted in the presence of an organic liquid, e.g. methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol, which is miscible with the aqueous hydrochloric acid and is a solvent for the products of hydrolysis, and, on completion of hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, the liquid portion is separated from the residue.  The residue may then be treated with more highly concentrated, e.g. 40-42% aqueous hydrochloric acid to hydrolyse cellulose and lignin for the main sugar production.  According to an example, a first sugar, amounting to 20.8% of the dry substance of the initial material, was of percentage composition: xylose 89.7, glucose 3.1, sugar polymers 2.9, other sugars 4.3 and a main sugar, amounting to 41.7% of the dry substance of the initial material, was of percentage composition: glucose 90.5, xylose 1.6, sugar polymers 3.1, other sugars 4.8. Specification 827,921 is referred to.
Patent GB-345271-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of ketones
IPC: C07C45/54
Filed: 1929-12-18
Abstract: Aliphatic ketones are prepared by causing aliphatic alcohols having at least two carbon atoms in the molecule to react at high temperatures with barium hydroxide to produce the barium salt of the corresponding fatty acid, and thermally decomposing the barium salt to produce the ketone.  The decomposition of the barium salt may be carried out either continuously with its production, by working at a temperature of 300-500 DEG  C., or as a separate heating operation by causing the alcohol to react with the barium hydroxide at about 250-350 DEG  C. and subsequently raising the temperature to about 400-500 DEG  C.  In an example, ethyl alcohol vapour is passed over barium hydroxide at 410-420 DEG  C. yielding acetone, which may be purified by fractional distillation. Diethylketone may be prepared similarly from propyl alcohol.