baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2010538000-A (JP)
Title: アレナウイルス感染症を治療するための抗ウイルス薬
IPC: A61K31/4192
Filed: 2008-08-26
Abstract: いくつかの化合物を治療有効量で投与することにより、ウイルス感染症を治療する化合物、方法および医薬組成物が開示される。化合物を調製する方法ならびに化合物およびその医薬組成物を使用する方法もまた開示される。具体的には、ラッサ熱、アルゼンチン出血熱、ボリビア出血熱およびベネズエラ出血熱などのアレナウイルスファミリーによって引き起こされるなどのウイルス感染症の治療および予防である。
Patent JP-2010539255-A (JP)
IPC: C08K5/14
Filed: 2008-09-12
Abstract: A method for producing expandable polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene foams (XPS), starting from polystyrene already present in the polymerized state or polystyrene melts, the same containing at least one expanding agent and/or at least one flame or fire retardant and/or at least one radical former as a flame retarding synergist, either from the start and/or being added during the production process. To reduce the extent to which the molecular weight is decreased as a result of the chain decomposition occurring during the heating as part of the production process, at least one stable free radical from the group of organic nitroxyl radicals of the general formula (1) is added to the polystyrene and/or the melt thereof. In the formula R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are either identical or different, linear or branched, optionally substituted alkyl groups, or R2, R3, R5 and R6 have these meanings, however R1 and R4 are closed forming a chain with each other, the chain being made of (—CH2—)— units or a combination of the (—CH2—)— units with oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms, the chain optionally being connected to a further saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic ring, wherein the further ring-shaped organic (aliphatic) and/or aromatic structure is optionally substituted. Alternatively, the chain itself carries at least one arbitrary substituent, or at least one compound forming or comprising such a nitroxyl radical of the formula (1) is added to the polystyrene and/or the melt thereof.
Patent JP-2010541144-A (JP)
Title: 放射線放出装置及びその製法
IPC: H05B33/12
Filed: 2008-09-25
Abstract: 本発明は、第一の電極（１００）、第一の発光層（４００）、第二の発光層（４１０）及び第二の電極（１１０）を有する放射線放出装置及びその製法に関する。
Patent JP-2010541281-A (JP)
IPC: G11C17/06
Filed: 2008-08-27
Abstract: A read only memory implemented as a 3D integrated device has a first stratum, a second stratum, and bonded inter-strata connections for coupling the first stratum to the second stratum. The physical bonding between the two strata implements the programming of the read only memory. The stratum may be in wafer form or in die form. The first stratum includes functional active devices and at least one non-programmed active device. The second stratum includes at least conductive routing to be associated with the at least one non-programmed active device. The bonded inter-strata connections include at least one bonded programmable inter-strata connection for programming the at least one non-programmed active device and for providing conductive routing to the programmed active device. The two strata thus form a programmed ROM. Other types of programmable storage devices may be implemented by bonding the two strata.
Patent JP-2011503407-A (JP)
Title: ２つの連続するプロペラを備えた風力タービン
IPC: F03D1/04
Filed: 2008-10-10
Abstract: 風力タービンが、入口開口（ＯＡ）と、出口開口（ＯＥ）と、圧力低下を生成する外側表面（１２）と、入口開口（ＯＡ）に連結された収束区間（Ｔ３）を与える内側表面（１３）と、出口開口（ＯＥ）に連結され、のど部（１４）によって収束区間（Ｔ３）に連結された発散区間（Ｔ４）と、のど部（１４）の近傍で管状ケーシング（１０）に関して回転するように装着されたプロペラ（Ｈ２）とを有する管状ケーシング（１０）を備える。プロペラ（Ｈ２）は第１の発電機（Ｇ１）に結合される。管状ケーシング（１０）に関して回転するように装着され、収束区間（Ｔ３）内でプロペラ（Ｈ２）の上流に配置された別のプロペラ（Ｈ１）をこの風力タービンは備える。
Patent JP-2011503955-A (JP)
Title: ビット列間のエラー制御コードをエンコードする方法およびエンコードシステム
IPC: H03M13/27
Filed: 2008-05-19
Abstract: エンコーダおよびエンコード方法が提供される。本発明のエンコードシステムは、Ｃビット（Ｃは「０」よりも大きい整数）の入力ビット列をエンコードしてＣビットの第１ビット列を生成する第１エンコーダと、前記第１ビット列を受信し、前記受信した第１ビット列のデータをシャッフルして第２ビット列を生成する第２エンコーダとを具備する。第１ビット列に対するデータシャッフルは、第２ビット列のエラー分布を調整する。エンコード方法は、入力ビット列をエンコードしてＣビットの第１ビット列を生成するステップと、前記第１ビット列を受信し、前記受信した第１ビット列のデータをシャッフルして第２ビット列を生成するステップとを有する。第２ビット列に対するエラー分布は、前記データシャッフルに基づいて調整される。
Patent JP-2011504396-A (JP)
Title: 改良型の把持用タブを有するフィルム状の創傷被覆材
IPC: A61F13/02
Filed: 2007-11-22
Abstract: 本発明は、皮膚に無害な粘着剤（３）で片面を覆われたプラスチックフィルム（２）と、粘着剤被覆面の反対側でプラスチックフィルムに分離可能に固定された基層（５）と、粘着剤被覆に分離可能に固定された保護層（４）とを備えるフィルム状の創傷被覆材に関する。本発明によれば、基層（５）は、プラスチックフィルムの外形を越えて創傷被覆材の縁から突き出す少なくとも１つの把持用タブ（７、８）を備え、破断線（１１、１２）が各把持用タブ（７、８）の外縁から基層の中心部（６）に向かって延び、それによって把持用タブを２つの部分に分割する。
Patent JP-2011505730-A (JP)
Title: 無線ネットワークにおけるラジオ・リンク制御のためのデータ破棄
IPC: H04W80/02
Filed: 2008-09-17
Abstract: 無線通信のラジオ・リンク制御（ＲＬＣ）レイヤにおける無効なサービス・データ・ユニット（ＳＤＵ）の帯域内通知を容易にするシステムおよび方法が記載される。特に、プロトコル・データ・ユニット（ＰＤＵ）再送信中にＳＤＵが無効になった場合、受信機による受信および解釈のために、帯域内通知が再送信ＰＤＵ内にパックされうる。帯域内通知は、前に部分的に受信されたＳＤＵの破棄を示す専用長さインジケータであり、ＰＤＵの送信機は、無効なＳＤＵを再送信しないことによってペイロードを節約しうる。この点に関し、破棄を示すために、追加のチャネル、媒体、および／または、その他の帯域外通知は必要とされない。
Patent JP-2011504847-A (JP)
Title: スペースクラフト（ｓｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔ）後部胴体装置
IPC: B64C9/32
Filed: 2008-11-21
Abstract: 本発明の主題は、スペースクラフトの後部に少なくとも１基のロケットモータ（２）を備えるスペースクラフト後部胴体装置であって、少なくとも１つの操作可能なカウル要素（３、３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ）を備え、この少なくとも１つの操作可能なカウル要素（３、３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃ、３ｄ）が、クラフトのロケットモータのノズル（４）の少なくとも一部分の周囲までクラフトの胴体を延長し、クラフトの胴体の後部を超えて延びる、被覆し、クラフトの後部抗力を低減させる第１の位置と、クラフトの空力抗力を増大させる、完全に展開された第２の位置とをとるのに適していることを特徴とするスペースクラフト後部胴体装置である。     【選択図】図5
Patent JP-2011504745-A (JP)
Title: 脂肪酸アルキルエステルを合成するための強固な多酵素製剤
IPC: C12P7/62
Filed: 2008-11-13
Abstract: 適切な担体に別々に又は一緒に固定化された少なくとも２種のリパーゼを含む強固なリパーゼ製剤を用いて、脂肪酸源及びアルコール又はアルコール供与体から、脂肪酸アルキルエステル、特に脂肪酸メチルエステル（バイオディーゼル）を無溶媒微水系内で調製するための酵素的プロセスであって、これらリパーゼの１種は部分グリセリドに対して高い親和性を有し、別のリパーゼはｓｎ−１，３−位特異的であり、任意選択の第３のリパーゼは、脂肪酸源のグリセロール主鎖のｓｎ−２位に対して高い選択性を有する上述の酵素的プロセスが開示されている。
Patent JP-2011505832-A (JP)
Title: 全粒粉を含んでなるタンパク質押し出し物
IPC: A23L7/10
Filed: 2008-12-03
Abstract: 本発明は、高濃度の植物性タンパク質および全粒粉を含有する食品材料、およびそれらを製造する方法に関する。より具体的には本発明は、高濃度のダイズタンパク質および全粒粉を含有するタンパク質押し出し物、このようなタンパク質押し出し物を製造する方法、およびこのようなタンパク質押し出し物の食品成分としての使用に関する。
Patent JP-2011508504-A (JP)
Title: 画像センサアレイ、増強画像センサアレイ、電子打ち込み増倍型画像センサアレイ装置、及び、そのような画像センサアレイ用の画素センサ素子
IPC: H04N5/378
Filed: 2007-12-21
Abstract: 本発明は、表面領域に沿って配列された複数の画素センサ素子を有し、画像に相当する一連のビデオフレームを、指定されたビデオフレームレートで出力する画像センサアレイに関するものであり、複数の画素センサ素子は、単数または複数のビデオフレーム要素を生成するように配列され、各ビデオフレーム要素は、当該ビデオフレームレートに相当する時間で分割された期間を有しており、前記画素センサ素子は、前記複数のビデオフレーム要素から単一のビデオフレームを構成することを特徴とする。また本発明は、本発明に係る像増倍管または電子打ち込み増倍型画像センサアレイ装置に使用される画素センサ素子に関する。 【選択図】図２
Patent JP-2011519413-A (JP)
Title: 改良された前立腺癌診断学のための質量顕微鏡法
IPC: G01N33/68
Filed: 2009-03-13
Abstract: 本発明は、前立腺癌と正常組織とを識別することができるバイオマーカー、および関連する転移性疾患の同定を提供する。一つのバイオマーカーは、MEKK2のペプチド断片であることが同定された。一つまたは複数のバイオマーカーの差次的な発現を検出することにより、転移性癌を含む前立腺癌を診断する方法も、提供される。
Patent JP-2012139796-A (JP)
Title: Inking device
Inventor: MATSUMOTO MITSUAKI
IPC: B25H7/04
Filed: 2011-01-05
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inking device capable of automating an inking operation while considering an orientation of a brushing member with respect to a moving direction for the inking operation.SOLUTION: The inking device puts a brushing member 65 for inking an H steel beam 25 to be inked at an acute tilt angle with respect to a direction for moving the brushing member 65 for inking. The device includes a reciprocating means 80 for reciprocating the brushing member 65 to/from the H steel beam 25, and an approaching/separating means 81 for bringing the brushing member 65 closer to/farther away from the H steel beam 25. The approaching/separating means 81 brings the brushing member 65 into contact with the H steel beam 25 when the brushing member 65 comes forward for inking by the reciprocating means 80, and separates the brushing member 65 from the H steel beam 25 when the brushing member 65 comes backward by the reciprocating means 80.
Patent JP-2012140735-A (JP)
Title: Metal mesh fabric and screen printing plate
Inventor: AOKI KANJI
IPC: B41N1/24
Filed: 2011-01-06
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a metal mesh fabric which can be used in highly precise and dense screen printing, is hard to generate stretch of a mesh by prolonged use, can maintain printing accuracy for a long period, and can be produced at low cost; and a screen printing plate using the metal mesh fabric.SOLUTION: The metal mesh fabric is provided, in which a warp and a weft composed of a metal wire are woven so as to intersect with each other. The warp and the weft each comprise: a core portion 51 composed of austenite-based stainless steel; a cured layer 52 provided so as to surround the core portion 51 and obtained by diffusing and penetrating carbon into the austenite-based stainless steel as a base material; and a black clad layer 53 surrounding the cured layer 52, and containing a carbide and an oxide represented by a chemical formula ABO(where A and B are any of Fe, Cr or Ni).
Patent JP-2012146812-A (JP)
Title: Led driving device and method
Inventor: SATO ETSUSHI
IPC: H01L33/00
Filed: 2011-01-12
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel method and device for driving a light-emitting diode (LED) having a light control function.SOLUTION: Pulse width modulation (PWM) of a LED driving system can be achieved by disconnecting and grounding the gate of a transistor M1. Since a transistor M0 always exists and the feedback loop of an operational amplifier OPA1 is never interrupted, output Vg of the OPA1 is kept constant. Consequently, more accurate current drive for an LED can be created, and the problem of overshoot of the output LED current can be solved in the high frequency dimming process.
Patent JP-2011102398-A (JP)
Title: Chemiluminescent composition
Inventor: FUJITA MASAHIKO
IPC: C09K11/07
Filed: 2011-01-14
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chemiluminescent composition exhibiting significantly increased luminance during the following time period, the time period obtained from the results of market research revealing that time periods when the most intensive light is required for event luminescence tools and luminescence toys are up to about 3 hours to 4 hours from the start of luminescence.  <P>SOLUTION: A composition exhibiting significantly increased luminance as compared with that of a known luminescent composition is provided in a system in which chemiluminescence is effected by mixing two types of compositions. The composition includes: a composition A in which an oxalic ester is present in a solid state in a solution containing the oxalic ester and a luminescent substance both dissolved therein; and a composition B in which aqueous hydrogen peroxide and a catalyst are dissolved in a solution.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011079864-A (JP)
Title: Quick dissolve compositions and tablets based thereon
Inventor: MEZAACHE NAIMA
IPC: A61K47/14
Filed: 2011-01-17
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition useful for making oral dosage forms capable of dissolving in the mouth in less than 40 seconds without the need for a conventional super disintegrant and having a friability of less than 1%, wherein the composition includes liquiflash particles and an excipient mass.  <P>SOLUTION: The composition includes: a directly compressible inorganic salt; a cellulose derivative or a combination of the directly compressible inorganic salt and the cellulose derivative. Preferably, the liquiflash particles and the excipient mass are combined in a ratio such that the active ingredient remains substantially within the microspheres when the composition is compressed to obtain a dosage form having a hardness of 20 to 50 N.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2011098212-A (JP)
Title: Game machine
Inventor: NAKANO DAISUKE
IPC: A63F5/04
Filed: 2011-01-17
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slot machine capable of inputting information from outside.  <P>SOLUTION: The slot machine 1 includes: an external terminal board 37; a main game part 2 having a main board 35 and a first subcontrol board 36; and a subgame part 6 provided separately from the main game part 2. The subgame part 6 is provided separately from the main board 35, the first subcontrol board 36 and the external terminal board 37, and includes a second subcontrol board 71 for exchanging information with a player. The first subcontrol board 36 controls performance based on the performance information transmitted from the main board 35. The second subcontrol board 71 is configured to acquire game information through the external terminal board 37 electrically connected to the main board so that the information is transmitted from the main board 35 in one direction.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2012150169-A (JP)
Title: Development device, process cartridge and image forming apparatus
Inventor: SUGANUMA TAKUYA
IPC: G03G15/08
Filed: 2011-01-17
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a development device capable of surely preventing a seal member from being forgotten to be detached, without increase in the number of components.SOLUTION: Between a first housing 144A and a second housing 144B, a seal member 160 is sandwiched in an unbonded state where the seal member is not bonded to the second housing 144B by glueing or the like, to block between a conveyance path of a first conveyance screw 143 and a developing roller 141 held by the first housing 144A. A stirring auxiliary member 163 is attached to the seal member 160. And to both ends of the seal member 160 in a short side direction, bored parts 161, 162 having bores into which sprocket gears 65, 66, to be described later, are wedged, for moving the seal member 160 in a direction of a second conveyance screw to remove the seal member, are provided.
Patent JP-2012150295-A (JP)
Title: Ag REFLECTOR
Inventor: ARAMAKI KENICHIRO
IPC: G02B5/08
Filed: 2011-01-19
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an Ag reflector which has optical characteristics that show high reflectance from a visible region to an infrared region, has adhesiveness that can suppress peeling even when being bent, has high resistance, and can simplify a facility for film formation by sputtering, and to provide a method for manufacturing the same.SOLUTION: The Ag reflector includes a stainless substrate, an adhesion layer which is provided on the surface of the stainless substrate and is formed of an NiW film, a reflecting layer which is provided on the surface of the adhesion layer and is formed of an Ag film, a first ITO film provided on the surface of the reflecting layer, a second ITO film provided on the surface of the first ITO film, and an enhanced reflection film which is formed of an SiOfilm and an NbOfilm provided on the surface of the second ITO film in this order.
Patent JP-2012151739-A (JP)
Title: Optical communication device
Inventor: UEHA AYUMU
IPC: H04B10/079
Filed: 2011-01-20
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform proper automatic adjustment of an output light level of an optical module of an interface board and an optical module of an optical network unit without inserting an optical attenuator, relating to an optical communication device.SOLUTION: An optical communication device comprises: an optical line terminal having one or a plurality of interface boards and one supervisory control part for supervising and controlling the interface boards; at least one optical network unit connected to the interface board; and means for automatically adjust an output light level of an optical module of the interface board by measuring a light reception level at the optical network unit by means of transmission/reception of an optical signal between the optical network unit and the interface board.
Patent JP-2012155189-A (JP)
Title: Fixing device and image forming apparatus
Inventor: TAKAHASHI YOSHIHARU
IPC: G03G15/20
Filed: 2011-01-27
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent generation of image defects such as glossy lines or rubbing marks due to a separation pawl or a guide member in an image of a recording medium having a toner image fixed thereto.SOLUTION: A fixing device 20A allows a recording sheet having a toner image formed thereon to pass through a fixing nip N formed by a fixing roller 21 and a pressurizing roller 22 to fix the image, separates the recording sheet from the fixing roller 21 by use of a separation pawl 23, and guides the sheet to a paper ejection direction. The fixing device is provided with: a fixing exit guide unit 41 downstream the fixing nip N in a conveyance direction of the recording medium, for guiding the recording sheet separated from the fixing roller 21 to the paper ejection direction; a separation pawl roller 40 rotatably supported and disposed near the separation pawl 23 and downstream a top end 23a of the pawl; and a guide roller 42 further downstream of the separation pawl roller, for guiding the recording sheet guided by the fixing exit guide unit 41 toward the downstream side in the conveyance direction while rotating.
Patent JP-2012160348-A (JP)
Title: Waterproof connector
Inventor: ARAI ATSUSHI
IPC: H01R13/52
Filed: 2011-02-01
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive, compact waterproof connector with excellent assemblability, storing performance, and waterproofness.SOLUTION: Provided is a waterproof connector to make cable connection. The connector comprises: a housing having a cylindrical part for attaching a cable with a terminal crimped thereto; a waterproof bush; and a cover member. The cylindrical part provided on the housing has, on its outer periphery, a bush fitting part to which an inner periphery on the bush front end side is elastically fitted. The inner periphery on the bush rear end side is elastically fitted to an outer periphery of the cable. The cover member is a cylindrical body which covers an outer periphery of the bush. The rear end of the cylindrical body has an insertion hole for the cable, and a latching part to be latched onto the surface of a covered portion of the cable.
Patent JP-2012160148-A (JP)
Title: System lsi
Inventor: KOYAMA MASAKI
IPC: G06F13/28
Filed: 2011-02-03
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide system LSI capable of improving external communication speed and considerably reduce size of a FIFO area in an interface circuit.SOLUTION: System LSI comprises an interface circuit 9 having; a memory access circuit 2 directly reading transmission data from work RAM 1 without using a CPU and writing it in a FIFO area 8 when transmitting data, and directly reading reception data from the FIFO area 8 without using the CPU and directly writing it in the work RAM 1 when receiving data; and an interface controller 3 transmitting the transmission data written in the FIFO 8 to the outside when transmitting data, and writing the reception data received from the outside in the FIFO area 8 when receiving data. Even when the interface controller 3 is transmitting/receiving data to/from the outside, the memory access circuit 2 executes data transmission between the work RAM 1 and the FIFO area 8 in parallel.
Patent JP-2012163598-A (JP)
Title: Image pickup device and image pickup method
Inventor: MORIHISA TAIJIRO
IPC: H04N5/232
Filed: 2011-02-03
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image pickup device and an image pickup method that enable the distance to an object to be accurately measured even if there is a shielding obstacle ahead of a ranging lens for use in a parallax detection AF system.SOLUTION: An image pickup device comprising a first ranging lens that forms incident light from an object into an image; a second ranging lens that forms incident light from the object into an image; a first ranging element that outputs a first ranging image corresponding to the object image formed by the first ranging lens; and a second ranging element that outputs a second ranging image corresponding to the object image formed by the second ranging lens is further provided with ranging means that measures the distance to the object by triangulation; texture value calculating means that calculates a first texture value of the first ranging image and a second texture value of the second ranging image; and shield detecting means that detects shielding against the ranging means when the difference between the first texture value and the second texture value is determined to be outside a prescribed extent.
Patent JP-2011088449-A (JP)
Title: Droplet ejection apparatus
Inventor: DIXON MICHAEL JOHN
IPC: B41J2/175
Filed: 2011-02-04
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a droplet deposition apparatus with an improved viscous pressure loss.  <P>SOLUTION: The droplet deposition apparatus comprises: an array of fluid chambers (300, 310), each chamber communicating with an orifice for droplet ejection; a common fluid inlet manifold (220) and common fluid outlet manifolds (210, 230); and a member for generating a fluid flow into the outlet manifolds through the inlet manifold and each chamber in the array. The fluid flow through each chamber is sufficient to prevent a foreign matter in the fluid from staying in the orifice. The flow resistance of one of the inlet and outlet manifolds is chosen such that the pressure at a fluid inlet varies by an amount less than that which causes significant differences in droplet ejection characteristics between these two chambers.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Patent JP-2012164155-A (JP)
Title: Buying and selling ordering program, buying and selling ordering device and buying and selling ordering method
Inventor: ICHIKAWA TAKESHI
IPC: G06Q40/04
Filed: 2011-02-07
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a buying and selling ordering program etc. for automatically placing a trading order of a financial product such as stock, future and option, which allows an investor unfamiliar with programming to use it and is capable of responding to various strategies by using a design developed by an investor himself/herself.SOLUTION: When the buying and selling ordering program makes a spread sheet read current price data such as minute bars, a sign for determining a necessity of a trading order is calculated by a function of the spread sheet. The buying and selling ordering program monitors a cell where the sign as a calculation result is shown and executes order processing according to the sign in order to automatically place the trading order.
Patent JP-2012163822-A (JP)
Title: Manufacturing method for liquid crystal display
Inventor: SATO OSAMU
IPC: G02F1/1337
Filed: 2011-02-08
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of manufacturing a liquid crystal display with excellent alignment controllability of liquid crystal at low cost by preventing various problems resulting from a rubbing processing, a polyimide alignment film, and a magnetic field orientation method, and by effectively using an existing device.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method for a liquid crystal display includes: a step for forming a polymer brush on two substrates at least one of which has relief structure; a step for producing a liquid crystal cell by injecting liquid crystal between the substrates where the polymer brush is formed; a step for holding the liquid crystal cell after heating it to a temperature which is higher than a Tg of a part where the polymer brush is compatibilized with the liquid crystal and which is lower than an NI point of the liquid crystal; and a step for cooling the liquid crystal cell to a temperature which is lower than the Tg of the part where the polymer brush is compatibilized with the liquid crystal.