Patent GB-786264-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to surface covering sheets
IPC: D06N3/12
Filed: 1954-01-21
Abstract: A binding agent for use in producing floor and wall covering sheets comprises (1) 10-90 per cent of a product obtained by reacting a mixture of rosin acids and fatty acids in which the ratio of fatty acids to rosin acids is between 1 to 3 and 3 to 1 with a polyhydric alcohol to produce a viscous ester of acid number less than 10 and converting the ester to a cementitious gel and (2) 10-90 per cent of a vinyl resin which is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or vinyl butyral; a copolymer derived from two or three of these substances or a copolymer derived from at least one of these substances and at least one of the substances vinylidene chloride, butadiene, acrylonitrile, styrene, homologues of styrene and substituted styrenes; a mixture containing at least two of the above listed polymers; or a mixture containing at least one of the above listed polymers and a polymer derived from vinylidene chloride, butadiene, acrylonitrile, styrene, homologues of styrene and substituted styrenes.  In examples esters for conversion into gels were made as follows: (1) a mixture of tall oil, polyhydric alcohol and if desired linseed oil was heated to produce an ester of acid number less than 10; or (2) tall oil or tall oil pitch and if desired cottonseed pitch or linseed pitch was heated, then a phenol-formaldehyde resin was added, heating continued, then a polyhydric alcohol was added and heating continued to produce an ester of acid number less than 10.  The ester of Example (1) or (2) was converted into a gel by adding litharge and (a) and (b) a china-soya copolymer; (c) cottonseed pitch and linseed oil; (d) soya pitch, soya bean oil and manganese resinate; (e) dehydrated castor oil, linseed pitch and manganese resinate; (f) linseed pitch and maleic treated soya bean oil; or (g) linseed oil, and the mixture held at high temperature in the presence of air until gelled.  Other oils may be used instead of these, e.g. chinawood, safflower, fish, perilla, hempseed, oiticica, sunflower or walnut oil, or a copolymer of dicyclopentadiene and linseed or fish oil. The gel was also produced as follows: (3) a mixture of tall oil, epoxy resin and if desired a phenolformaldehyde resin was heated, then a polyhydric alcohol was added and the mixture heated to produce an ester of acid number less than 10; finally the ester was converted into a cementitious gel by air-blowing.  The polyhydric alcohol may be pentaerythritol, glycerine, mannitol, sorbitol, erythritol, di- or poly-pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or di- or poly-ethylene glycol.  Prior to mixing with the oleo-resinous gel, the vinyl resin may be plasticized, e.g. with tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diiso-octyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, polyesters containing epoxy groups, drying or non-drying alkyds, or chlorinated paraffins.  An example discloses a composition of the cementitious gel, a plasticized vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, whiting and one or more of the following: asbestos, wood flour, lithopone, iron oxide, chlorinated paraffin and dioctyl phthalate stabilizer.  U.S.A. Specification 2,620,319 is referred to.