Patent GB-1023202-A (GB)
Title: Process for making synthetic latex foam
IPC: C08L13/00
Filed: 1963-06-12
Abstract: A solid foam is prepared by mixing (a) an aqueous dispersion of a polymer having a plurality of reactive substituent pendant groups prepared from at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers, wherein 0.5-20% of the monomers have at least one of the reactive substituent groups or a group which is converted to one of the reactive substituent groups after polymerization with (b)1-100% of a material having at least one carbon atom and at least 2 groups reactive with those in the polymer, foaming the mixture and gelling and curing the resulting foam (a), which must be film-forming below 120 DEG  C., may be a copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers containing carbonyl, sulpho, primary or secondary amino, amide, methylolamide, sulphonamide, primary or secondary hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, aldehyde or epoxy groups. It may be prepared by copolymerization in an aqueous emulsion containing surface-active agents, catalysts and modifiers or by after treatment of polymer containing ester, nitrile, amide, amino or hydroxyl groups. Specified monomers include styrene and derivatives of styrene, butadiene-1,3, isoprene, acrylic, fumaric and maleic acids, esters, amides and nitriles thereof, vinyl and vinylidene chloride and bromide, 2-sulpho-ethyl methacrylate, vinyl naphthalene and unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and ethers.  The reactive groups in (b) may be methylol attached to nitrogen, optionally alkylated with a 1-4 carbon atom alcohol, methylol attached to a phenol, carboxyl, primary or secondary amino or epoxy. The nitrogen above may be in a ring or chain. Compounds containing these groups include melamine/formaldehyde, urea/formaldehyde and other aminoplasts, phenoplasts, urea, melamine and other polyamines, polyethylene imines, epoxy-resins, poly-basic acids and copolymers of styrene, butadiene-1,3 and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate.  A miscible solvent may be used to dissolve (b). Foaming may be assisted by adding a surface-active agent, e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate or potassium oleate. Acids, e.g. citric, acetic or mineral acids or bases, e.g. NH4OH to achieve a pH of 3-13. Other additives may be thickening agents, e.g. methyl cellulose, coagulants, e.g. sodium silicofluoride, ZnO, ammonium acetate and alkali metal fluorozirconates and fluorotitinates; catalysts; antioxidants, plasticizers, mineral fillers and carbon black. Gelling occurs between room temperature and 100 DEG  C.  The minimum curing temperature is the higher of 0 DEG  C. and the film-forming temperature.  The maximum curing temperature is the lower of the melting and decomposition temperatures.  Normal vulcanizing agents can also be used.  The foam may be coated on to a substrate, e.g. cloth, leather, wool, glass, or metal and may be used in pillows, furniture, cushions and brassieres. In Example (5) the reactants of type (b) specified are: a polyamide resin, triethylene tetramine, diphenyl guanidine, a Bisphenol-A epichlorohydrin condensate, propylene carbonate, polyacrolein, 3,4 - epoxy - 6 - methyl-cyclohexylmethyl 3,4 - epoxy - 6 - methyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate, vinyl - cyclohexylene dioxide, hexamethoxy methylol melamine and epoxidized soyabean oil.  Other additives specified are:  dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulphonic acid (1), potassium persulphate (1), the trisodium salt of N-hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine triacetic acid (1), nonylphenol ethylene oxide adduct (1,2), coconut oil fatty acid/diethanolamine condensate (1), dioctyl phthalate (2), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2) methanol (3,4), KOH (5), potassium silicofluoride (5), and nitropropane (5).