baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent JP-2003177904-A (JP)
Title: Unit, system, and method for image processing, storage medium, and program
Inventor: YAMAMOTO TAKESHI
IPC: G06F3/12
Filed: 2001-12-07
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image processor which can perform operation that a user desires even during a process for displaying a preview image.  <P>SOLUTION: A preview image generating means 113 when generating and displaying a preview image from information to be processed (information on an arbitrary page to be printed) according to an external indication (indication from a user) interrupts the generating process for the current preview image and performs a generating process for a next preview image according to the contents of a new external instruction when the user newly instructs a preview image display during the preview image generating process.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003176772-A (JP)
Title: Ignition timing control apparatus for internal combustion engine
Inventor: KITAJIMA SHINICHI
IPC: F02P5/15
Filed: 2001-12-11
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ignition timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine preventing engine stall and knock in an idling operation state.  <P>SOLUTION: This ignition timing control apparatus 1 for an internal combustion engine controlling ignition timing in an idling operation state is provided with a fundamental ignition timing calculating means 2 for calculating fundamental ignition timing IGMAP depending on the operated condition of the internal combustion engine 3, a rotational speed detecting means 2 for detecting rotational speed NE, a target rotational frequency setting means 2 for setting target rotational frequency NOBJ, a final ignition timing calculating means 2 for calculating final ignition timing IGLOG by correcting the fundamental ignition timing IGMAP depending on the deviation DNOBJ between the target rotational frequency NOBJ and the rotational speed NE, a delay side limiting value setting means 2 for setting delay side limiting value IGLGG of the ignition timing depending on atmospheric pressure PA and a limiting means 2 for limiting the final ignition timing IGLOG by the delay side limiting value IGLGG.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003179686-A (JP)
Title: Portable equipment and illumination controlling method for the same
Inventor: KANEKO YASUHIRO
IPC: H04W88/02
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow a user to sufficiently confirm the displayed contents of a display part in portable equipment having a back light for illuminating the display part and an operation part.  <P>SOLUTION: The portable equipment has the display part 8, the operation part 9, a timer 12 and the back light 10 for illuminating the display part and the operation part and starts the timer according to the operation of the operation part for lighting the back light for the fixed time of the timer. The portable equipment is provided with an acceleration sensor 11 for detecting the vibration of the portable equipment to extend the lighting period of the back light when vibration is detected by the sensor during the lighting period. Consequently, the sensor detects holding of the portable equipment with the hand of a user as the vibration of the portable equipment. Only if the back light is lighted in this case, the lighting period can be extended even without new key operation. Thus, even in a state where the content of the display part cannot be confirmed because its surrounding is dark, the display content can sufficiently be confirmed.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003178548-A (JP)
Title: Tape guide
Inventor: TATEISHI SEIJI
IPC: G11B23/113
Filed: 2001-12-12
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tape guide capable of removing the dust produced by machining of a tape.  <P>SOLUTION: The tape guide (guide roller) 10 is used for a device for mechanically working the magnetic tape MT while conveying the magnetic tape MT, for example, a tape winder 4 for cutting out the tape. Air jet holes 15 for jetting air for removing the dust produced by mechanical working to the magnetic tape MT are formed on a tape guide surface 13 of the guide roller 10.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003186341-A (JP)
Title: Image forming apparatus
Inventor: NAKAHARA NOBUYUKI
IPC: G03G15/00
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control a fixing device by giving the optimum set condition in all set environments in the fixing device for fixing a non-fixing toner image forming an image on a recording medium.  <P>SOLUTION: The optimum set condition is found by a multi-variable polynominal constituting a set environment such as temperature and humidity and a fixing device control condition such as a lighting cycle and a lighting rate as variables.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003188447-A (JP)
Title: Diffraction grating exchange type electromagnetic wave generator, diffraction grating position adjusting method and apparatus thereof
Inventor: ISHIDA TOSHIYUKI
IPC: H01S3/30
Filed: 2001-12-14
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exchange the other diffraction grating without breaking a vacuum after an electromagnetic wave generating state is adjusted using a reference diffraction grating within a vacuum chamber.  <P>SOLUTION: The diffraction grating exchange type electromagnetic wave generator, a diffraction grating position adjusting method and its apparatus are configured so that the other diffraction gratings (4, 4b and 4c) are exchanged without breaking a vacuum after a position is adjusted with the reference diffraction grating (4a) within the vacuum chamber (1), and the position is adjusted by detecting electromagnetic waves (11) from minute domains of both ends (P1, P2) of the reference diffraction grating (4a) using a pair of light receiving elements (21, 21a).  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003185454-A (JP)
Title: Navigation system, navigation device and navigation method
Inventor: ARAI SATOSHI
IPC: G01C21/00
Filed: 2001-12-20
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize high quality navigation in a method distributing navigation data from a site on the internet through the cellular phone network.  <P>SOLUTION: Navigation data concerning a specific number of continuous navigation points ahead of the present position are distributed at once from a site 4 distributing the navigation data to the navigation devices 10 of users by way of cellular phone network. Even if the state of communication between the site 4 and the navigation devices 10 is temporarily degraded due to congestion of public network and degradation of wave state between the station and cellular phones, or the moving velocity of a user largely change due to road status, effective navigation data can be provided to the user.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003189336-A (JP)
Title: Circuit board for television receiver and inspection method for the circuit board
Inventor: HARA TAKESHI
IPC: H04N17/04
Filed: 2001-12-21
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inspection method for a circuit board for preventing an advance a flyback transformer mounted on the circuit board from producing a high voltage in an inspection process in a factory production line.  <P>SOLUTION: Circuit components related to a television function and a video function such as a video IC 21, a microcomputer 22, a tuner circuit 25, a television IC 26, a flyback transformer FBT 27, and a power supply circuit 28 are mounted on one board 11, an opening 12 is provided onto the board 11, and a signal wire 13 for outputting a horizontal drive signal from the television IC 26 to the FBT 27 and an earth wire 14 are placed in parallel in a way of bridging over the opening 12. Then in the inspection process, an alligator clip short-circuits both the wires 13, 14 placed in parallel on the opening 12.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003197355-A (JP)
Title: Electromagnetic cooking device for earthenware pot cooking
Inventor: MATSUMOTO HIROKO
IPC: H05B6/12
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safe, hygienic, and inexpensive electromagnetic cooking device.  <P>SOLUTION: This electromagnetic cooking device for earthenware pot cooking is constructed of a single-opening electromagnetic cooker 4 having a cylindrical outside plate 43c and an earthenware pot 3 for electromagnetic cooking, which is mounted on the electromagnetic cooker 4 for use, provided with a conductive means 3e on the bottom face 3b and a cylindrical pot side part 3e, and used suitably for the electromagnetic cooker 4. The main body side plate 43 in the electromagnetic cooker 4 is arranged to be positioned within a range of the thickness width of the pot side part 3a in the earthenware pot 3 mounted on the electromagnetic cooker 4.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003193765-A (JP)
Title: Fitting for lattice, and mounting method
Inventor: OKADA KAZUMITSU
IPC: E06B9/01
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fitting for a lattice that can improve the safety of a house by completely fixing the lattice to a sash window frame to make it hard to remove the lattice to thereby prevent intrusion from a window.  <P>SOLUTION: A screw-fastened fitting piece 13 of the lattice is continuously formed in a bent state at one end part of a rectangular base 12, and a locking bent part 14 to be fitted to a projection of a sash window frame is continuously formed in a bent state at the other end part of the base 12. A fixed piece 15 to be screw-fastened to the sash window frame is continuously formed in a bent state at the end part of the locking bent part 14 to form the fitting 11.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003194459-A (JP)
Title: Freeze dryer
Inventor: YOSHIMURA SEIJI
IPC: F26B5/06
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a freeze dryer equipped with a heating and cooling system that can improve drying speed with high safety.  <P>SOLUTION: This freeze dryer is provided with a compressor 1 for compressing air to raise temperature; a radiation type heater 2 for drying a dried matter with high-temperature air discharged from the compressor 1; a first heat exchanger 3 for cooling the air exhausted from the radiation type heater 2; a second heat exchanger 4 for further cooling the air exhausted from the first heat exchanger 3; an expander 5 for expanding the air exhausted from the second heat exchanger 4 to further cool the air; and a cold trap 6 for congealing to collect steam produced by drying the dried matter, with the low-temperature air discharged from the expander 5. The air exhausted from the cold trap 6 is heated in the second heat exchanger 4 by the air exhausted from the first heat exchanger 3, and then circulated to the compressor 1.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003195343-A (JP)
Title: Stacked type liquid crystal display element
Inventor: FURUKAWA KEIICHI
IPC: G09F9/35
Filed: 2001-12-26
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stacked type liquid crystal display element which can efficiently be manufactured by speedily injecting a liquid crystal material into the gap between substrates under a vacuum and has pixel shifts suppressed when obliquely observed to yield excellent display image quality even in the case that a plurality of pixels are formed in a plurality of liquid crystal layers respectively as a stacked type liquid crystal display element constituted by stacking a plurality of liquid crystal layers which are each interposed between a couple of film substrate and have visible light selective reflection characteristics.  <P>SOLUTION: The stacked type liquid crystal display element is constituted by stacking the liquid crystal layers 21, 22, and 23 which are each interposed between a couple of film substrates (1, 2), (3, 4), or (5, 6) and have the visible light selective reflection characteristics. Two substrates (2, 3) and (4, 5) are positioned between the adjacent liquid crystal layers (21, 22) and (22, 23), the thicknesses (a) and (b) of the film substrates 1 and 6 positioned on the outermost sides are ≥180 μm, and the totals (b1+b2) and (c1+c2) of the thicknesses of the two film substrates positioned between the adjacent liquid crystal layers are ≤240 μm.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003197773-A (JP)
Title: Semiconductor device and its manufacturing method
Inventor: KITO MASARU
IPC: H01L27/108
Filed: 2001-12-27
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductor device wherein the reliability of a contact plug can be improved, and to provide its manufacturing method.  <P>SOLUTION: This semiconductor device is provided with a plurality of gate electrodes 12 which are formed on first and second regions of a silicon substrate 10 via a gate insulating film 11, insulating films 13 which are formed on upper surfaces and side surfaces of the gate electrodes 12 and whose upper surfaces exist at positions where height in the second region is higher than height in the first region, cell contact plugs 18, 19 arranged on the silicon substrate 10 between the adjacent gate electrodes 12 in the first region, interlayer insulating films 14 arranged on the silicon substrate 10 between the adjacent gate electrodes 12 in the second region, and an insulating film 17 which is arranged on the insulating films 13 in the first region and mainly formed of the same material as the cell contact plugs 18, 19.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003189875-A (JP)
Title: INDUCTION OF FORMATION OF INSULIN-PRODUCING CELL BY INTRODUCING GENE OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH PANCREATIC beta-CELL
Inventor: MIYAZAKI JUNICHI
IPC: A61K35/761
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for inducing the formation of an insulin- producing cell by which the formation of the insulin-producing cell is induced by introducing a gene of a transcription factor associated with a pancreatic β-cell to the pancreas.  <P>SOLUTION: The gene of the transcription factor associated with the pancreatic β-cell is introduced to a tissue stem cell of the pancreas by trans-choledoch duct administration without ligating the trans-choledoch duct to induce the formation of the insulin-producing cell. Pdx-1, neurogenin 3 or the like is used as the gene of the transcription factor associated with the pancreatic β-cell, and an adenovirus vector or the like utilizing a Cre-loxP recombinant system is used as the vector for introducing the gene of the transcription factor associated with the pancreatic β-cell. The regeneration treatment of diabetes is made possible by inducing the formation of the insulin-producing cell.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003192181-A (JP)
Title: Document conveyance device and image formation device
Inventor: AOKI MASA
IPC: G03B27/46
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent disorder of an image by a simple structure.  <P>SOLUTION: A document conveyance device is provided with a reading part 422 for reading a document (d), a pair of rollers 421a, 421b provided on the upstream side of the reading part 422 to convey the document (d), and a pair of guide plates 831, 850 for guiding the document (d) from the rollers 421a, 421b to the reading part 422. In the document conveyance device, the document (d) is conveyed by a conveyance passage P5 having a curvature from a pair of rollers 421a, 421b to the reading part 422 and is read in the reading part 422. The document conveyance device has a plurality of guide members 851 provided in the roller 421a arranged on an outer side of the conveyance passage P5. The guide member 851 is constituted in such a way that it is attached using a roller shaft 421a1 of the roller 421a as reference, an orthogonal side in the direction of conveyance has the same dimension as a radius of the roller, and there is no difference in steps between the guide plate 850 on a side where the guide member 851 is arranged and it on the downstream side of the roller.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003191399-A (JP)
Title: Transparent synthetic resin laminated sheet
Inventor: MATSUDA YOSHIKATSU
IPC: B32B27/36
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transparent synthetic resin laminated sheet which provides the same adhesive strength, impact strength and other physical properties as those of a synthetic resin laminated sheet prepared by using a polyurethane adhesive with good adhesive properties, while its manufacturing cost is reduced.  <P>SOLUTION: The transparent synthetic resin laminated sheet has a constitution wherein a bottom sheet layer 1 of a polycarbonate resin, an intermediate film layer 3 of a thermoplastic resin and a top sheet layer 2 of an acrylic resin are integrally stuck together through a hot-melt type resin adhesive layer 4 in which an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or a saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are main ingredients. When the bottom sheet layer 1 and the top sheet layer 2 are stuck together with the hot-melt type resin adhesive layer alone, it is impossible to obtain the same adhesive strength as that of the laminated sheet adhered with the polyurethane adhesive, however, when adhesion is performed by placing the intermediate film layer 3 of the thermoplastic resin between them, the synthetic resin laminated sheet with the same adhesive strength as or a higher adhesive strength than that of the polyurethane adhesive is obtained.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003198972-A (JP)
Title: Display device and control method, program and recording medium, and display system
Inventor: KONDO TETSUJIRO
IPC: H04N5/44
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To actualize a higher function when many television receivers are connected more than is used when a single television receiver is connected.  <P>SOLUTION: On the television receiver as a master receiver 1, a television broadcast program is displayed (Fig. 25A). When image data displayed on the master receiver 1 has scene change, the image data of the frame tight after the scene change are displayed on a television receiver as a slave receiver 2<SB>11</SB>(Fig. 36B). Then when the image data displayed on the mater receiver 1 further has scene change, the image data of the frame right after the scene change are displayed on the salve receiver 2<SB>11</SB>instead of the image data which are displayed so far.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003198116-A (JP)
Title: Soldering method and junction structure body
Inventor: YAMAGUCHI ATSUSHI
IPC: H05K3/34
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain sufficient heat resistance and fatigue strength by preventing deterioration of the soldered area which occurs when electronic components 7 are soldered to a substrate using the Sn-Zn system solder material.  <P>SOLUTION: A barrier metal layer 9b is provided to cover a mother material 3a consisting of a material including Cu at least in one of electrode formed on a substrate 1 and electrode of electronic component, a solder material including Sn and Zn is placed in contact with the barrier metal layer 9b under the condition where the solder material is fused by supplying this solder material between these electrodes, and the electrode of electronic component 7 and the electrode of the substrate are soldered by solidifying the solder material.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003196545-A (JP)
Title: System and method for providing regional information, regional information providing program in the system, and recording medium
Inventor: SUZUKI TOKUYUKI
IPC: G06Q30/02
Filed: 2001-12-28
Abstract: <P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To customize distribution information for every region unit by selecting specified information from information registered by information providers and distributing the selected information.  <P>SOLUTION: This regional information providing system is provided with a member information registration part 12 for prompting a signature for distributing information and registering members by collecting personal information and an information distribution control part 15 for selecting the specified information from the information registered by the information providers and distributing the selected information based on the necessary types and scope of the information collected at the time of member registration. The system distributes advertisement information and safety information when a disaster occurs to members.  <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO
Patent JP-2003501133-A (JP)
IPC: A61M1/00
Filed: 2000-06-03
Abstract: A arrangement and processes is disclosed for the suction removal of waste products such as smoke and tissue particles in the ablation of biological tissue by means of a laser beam, wherein the laser beam is directed to the tissue through the orifice of a tubular channel and the waste products are sucked through the orifice into the channel. It is provided in an arrangement of the type mentioned above that the inner wall of the channel has at least one outlet opening for a gas in the vicinity of the orifice and the flow of gas is directed to the center of the channel and therefore toward the laser beam. In this way, it is effectively achieved that the gas does not flow through between the orifice and the treatment area so as to flow over the surface of the substance, but exits already from the orifice or from the immediate vicinity of the orifice under by suitable pressure and is guided into the interior of the channel.
Patent JP-2003503530-A (JP)
Title: 粉末成形による製品の製造方法、組成物、その方法により得られた製品
IPC: C08L53/02
Filed: 2000-06-14
Abstract: (57)【要約】
ポリマー組成物が、４０ポイント以下のショアーＤ硬度を有し、１）ｉ）１−ブテンの結晶性又は部分結晶性アイソタクチックポリマー５から１００重量部より少ない量、好ましくは２０〜７０重量部、最も好ましくは２０〜５０重量部；及びｉｉ）２０〜１００ｇ／１０分のメルトフローレート（２３０℃及び２．１６ｋｇで）を有する熱可塑性弾性ポリオレフィン組成物０より多い量から９５重量部まで、好ましくは３０〜８０重量部、最も好ましくは５０〜８０重量部からなるポリオレフィン組成物；又は２）ｉｉｉ）１−ブテンの結晶性又は部分結晶性アイソタクチックポリマー又は組成物（１）１００重量部；及びｉｖ）弾性ポリマー０より多い量から１００重量部まで、好ましくは５〜１００重量部；からなるポリオレフィン組成物からなり、１−ブテンのポリマーがホモポリマー又は、２重量％以下のコモノマーとのコポリマーである場合、ポリマー組成物（１）と（２）が少なくとも５重量部の弾性ポリマーを含むことを条件とするポリマー組成物を粉末成形することからなる成形製品の製造法。
Patent JP-2003503098-A (JP)
IPC: A61B19/00
Filed: 2000-06-28
Abstract: Disclosed is a combination of an applicator tube having an internal lumen, an open end and a closed end and an opening in proximity of the closed end; a rod dimensioned to fit into and be slidable in the internal lumen, and a plurality of biopsy site markers which are formed of dehydrated hydratable material in the internal lumen of the applicator tube from where they can be pushed out with the rod through the opening into a biopsy site and which at least one thereof has an X-ray detectable body with an identifiable non-biological shape embedded therein.
Patent JP-2003503238-A (JP)
Title: エポキシポリマーで予備処理されたガラス繊維で強化される溶接成形体から作製される複合材料
IPC: B32B5/00
Filed: 2000-06-23
Abstract: (57)【要約】
複合材料は、少なくとも１種の第１成形体及び少なくと１種の第２成形体から構成され、該第１成形体及び該第２成形体が第１成形体の１個の表面αの少なくとも一部の領域及び第２成形体の一個の表面βの少なくとも一部の領域を介して、溶接領域により相互に強固に結合されており、且つ第１成形体の少なくとも５０質量％が、以下のＡ）〜Ｄ）：Ａ）５〜９９質量％のポリエステル、Ｂ）１〜９５質量％の、アミノシラン化合物及びエポキシポリマーで予備処理される繊維状充填剤、Ｃ）０〜３０質量％の弾性ポリマー、及びＤ）０〜４０質量％の他の添加剤、（但し、成分Ａ）〜Ｄ）の質量％の合計は、１００％である）を含む成形組成物から構成されている。積層体は、この組成物から作製され、そしてこれらから製造される製品及びこれらから得られる再利用材料を、これらの全てを使用するとして、特に自動車の構造物に使用するとして開示している。
Patent JP-2003503401-A (JP)
Title: 呼吸合胞体ウイルス複製阻害剤
IPC: C07D471/04
Filed: 2000-06-20
Abstract: (57)【要約】
本発明は、式（Ｉ）の化合物〔式中、−ａ 1  ＝ａ 2  −ａ 3  ＝ａ 4  −は、式−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｎ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ＝Ｎ−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−Ｎ＝ＣＨ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−ＣＨ＝Ｎ−の基であり、式中、すべての水素原子は場合により置換されてもよい。Ｑは、式ｂｂ−１）、（ｂ−２）、（ｂ−３）、（ｂ−４）、（ｂ−５）、（ｂ−６）、（ｂ−７）、（ｂ−８）の基であり、Ｇは直接結合またはＣ 1  〜Ｃ 10 −アルカンジイルであり、Ｒ 1 は、場合により置換されている単環式複素環である〕のウイルス感染、特にはＲＳＶ感染の治療のための薬剤の製造のための使用に関する。式（Ｉ）の一部の化合物は新規である。
Patent JP-2003504519-A (JP)
Title: 一工程式貴金属−アルミ化物被覆物
IPC: C23C10/58
Filed: 2000-07-17
Abstract: (57)【要約】
Ｓｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｈｆ、Ｌａ、及びＹの少量の組み込みを含む、又は含まない拡散された貴金属−アルミ化物被覆物を形成する一工程式方法が開示される。進歩性を有する方法において、二つ又はそれ以上の粉末金属又は金属合金が、金属支持体に適用され、そして連続した多段階加熱工程を使用していっしょに拡散される。この方法は、金属が支持体に別個に適用され、そして拡散される従来の技術に対比される。図８は、主題の拡散された白金−アルミ化物被覆物の被覆物を保有する典型的なタービン翼の概略図（部分的切り欠き及び断面）である。タービン翼（１０）は、拡散されたアルミ化物被覆物（１４）を与えられたニッケル−又はコバルト合金本体部分（１２）を含む。翼（１０）の固定される部分（１６）に主題の被覆を与えることは通常好ましくない。