Patent GB-283101-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the rectifying of mixed gases
IPC: F25J3/04
Filed: 1927-10-11
Abstract: 283,101. Allen, S. G., (Assignee of Baufre, W. L. de). Jan. 3, 1927, [Convention date]. Right to Patent relinquished. - Separating gases by liquefaction.-Compressed air is separated by a preliminary rectification into two portions, one of which is subjected to a final rectification, while the other produces liquid refluxes for this final rectification. Air supplied at about 6 atmospheres absolute pressure is cooled to about -165‹ C. in an interchanger A by the separated gases, and further cooled to condensation point in an exchanger B. The air with any liquid formed enters the bottom tube section c of the rectifying column wherein about half liquefies and constitutes the portion to be rectified. The gaseous portion escapes at the top of the section as 99 per cent nitrogen. The liquid is throttled to 1 atmosphere or less into a tray section d wherein it is roughly separated, the separation being completed in the tube sections f, c, which are provided with " whirler strips " to promote contact. The nitrogen rich air passes around and is cooled by the tubes of section f. A mixing chamber i for the liquid is disposed between the sections f, c. The tubes c cool the incoming compressed air. Nearly pure liquid oxygen collects in the pot. The, gases escape from the tray section through tubes g also provided with whirler strips. The oxygen is throttled at a pressure slightly above atmospheric into the exchanger B wherein it is vaporized; the vapour passes by the pipe k and the nitrogen vapour from the top section by the pipe l to the interchanger A. The excess air cools the top section g. For this purpose the liquid collecting in the section f passes through throttle m into the upper section wherein it is vaporized, passing away through the pipe n and the interchanger. The vapour from the middle section passes through pipe p into the vaporizer o of the external cycle. Here it is condensed, heating the liquid which has been formed in the external liquefier t<2>, and is passed through a throttle into the vaporizer. The liquid formed in the vaporizer passes into the bottom of section f ; the vapour flows up through the liquefier. The interchanger A comprises two sections s used alternately, in series with two sections t; the points of support of these sections are arranged to allow of free expansion. The rate of nitrogen vapour withdrawal, and therefore the pressure of rectification, are controlled by an automatic pressure relief valve u in the outlet pipe from the interchangers. This valve may be such as to vary the pressure in accordance with the rate of flow, in order to maintain constant purity of the oxygen, or it may maintain a constant pressure at some point between the rectifier top and the valve, where the control chamber of the valve is situated, so that owing to the intreased pressure drop when working- at higher capacity the rectification pressure will be increased to maintain the purity. The external cycle may operate on nitrogen derived from the process and compressed in apparatus not shown to 14 atmospheres. The gas flows through one of two interchangeable heatexchange units s<1> and an interchanger t<1>. About 82 per cent passes to the expansion engine v and the rest to the liquefier t<2> from which the liquid formed is throttled into the vaporizer o and boiled off, while the vapour and the expansion engine exhaust are passed back through the liquefier and interchangers. Part of the vapour formed in the vaporizer o from the liquid supplied from the middle tube section f is withdrawn for the separation of neon &c. The interchanger tubes may have a length about 2000 times the diameter, preferably 1-5 inch. The external cycle may be regulated by varying the speed of the engine or compressor in accordance with the liquid level in the liquefier t<2>. The excess air may be separately compressed.