Patent GB-489097-A (GB)
Title: Wetting and cleansing agents
IPC: C11D1/14
Filed: 1936-12-17
Abstract: The lathering and detergent properties of a detergent containing as the essential ingredient one or more water-soluble salts of alkylsulphuric acids containing eight to eighteen carbon atoms in the alkyl radicle (which may be obtained from the acids of natural fats and fatty oils, e.g. coconut oil, by reduction, sulphation, e.g. with sulphuric or chlorsulphonic acids, and neutralization, e.g. by sodium or potassium hydroxide, ammonia, amines, or organic bases) and retaining in unsulphated form a known percentage of the alcohols from which the said salts are prepared, are improved by adjusting the unsulphated alcohol content by addition or subtraction to an amount which will improve said properties but which is not in excess of 75 parts unsulphated alcohol to 100 parts of said salt.  When the adjustment is by addition the unsulphated alcohol is either a saturated primary aliphatic alcohol containing eight to fourteen carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, e.g. those obtainable from coconut or palm kernel oils, or a saturated secondary aliphatic alcohol containing eight to twenty-five carbon atoms or mixtures of the same, e.g. those prepared from oxidized petroleum; the alcohol and above-mentioned salt may be mixed dry or in aqueous solution.  In an example there are added to the sodium salt of the alkyl-sulphuric acid prepared from the alcohols obtainable by reduction from coconut oil various quantities of n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl alcohols, mixed alcohols from oxidized petroleum, coconut-oil fatty alcohols, and (for comparison) a product known as Stenol consisting essentially of hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols.  When the adjustment is by subtraction, the unsulphated alcohols may be extracted by solvents, or the commercial detergent may be spray-, drum-, or otherwise dried. In a modification, the lathering and detergent properties of a detergent as above, but derived from alcohols containing eight to fourteen carbon atoms only, may be regulated by controlling the sulphation process so that the amount of unsulphated alcohol remaining in the product is the amount which will give the desired properties, but not in excess of 75 parts unsulphated alcohol to 100 parts of the said salt.  The control may be applied to the amount and strength of the sulphating agent and for the time and temperature of the reaction.  The Specification is illustrated by tables, from which are deduced procedures to be used in certain specified cases.ALSO:The properties of a wetting and cleansing agent containing as the essential ingredient one or more water-soluble salts of alkyl-sulphuric acids containing eight to eighteen carbon atoms in the alkyl radicle (which may be obtained from the acids of natural fats and fatty oils, e.g. coconut oil, by reduction, sulphation, e.g. with sulphuric or chlorsulphonic acids, and neutralization, e.g. by sodium or potassium hydroxide, ammonia, amines, or organic bases) and retaining in unsulphated form a known percentage of the alcohols from which the said salts are prepared, are improved by adjusting the unsulphated alcohol content by addition or subtraction to an amount which will improve said properties but which is not in excess of 75 parts unsulphated alcohol to 100 parts of said salt.  When the adjustment is by addition the unsulphated alcohol is either a saturated primary aliphatic alcohol containing eight to fourteen carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, e.g. those obtainable from coconut or palm kernel oils, or a saturated secondary aliphatic alcohol containing eight to twenty-five carbon atoms or mixtures of the same, e.g. those prepared from oxidized petroleum; the alcohol and above-mentioned salt may be mixed dry or in aqueous solution.  In an example there are added to the sodium salt of the alkylsulphuric acid prepared from the alcohols obtainable by reduction from coconut oil various quantities of n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl alcohols, mixed alcohols from oxidized petroleum, coconut-oil fatty alcohols, and (for comparison) a product known as Stenol consisting essentially of hexadecyl and octadecyl alcohols.  When the adjustment is by subtraction, the unsulphated alcohols may be extracted by solvents, or the commercial detergent may be spray-, drum-, or otherwise dried. In a modification, the properties of a wetting and cleansing agent as above, but derived from alcohols containing eight to fourteen carbon atoms only, may be regulated by controlling the sulphation process so that the amount of unsulphated alcohol remaining in the product is the amount which will give the desired properties, but not in excess of 75 parts unsulphated alcohol to 100 parts of the said salt.  The control may be applied to the amount and strength of the sulphating agent and the time and temperature of the reaction.  The Specification is illustrated by tables, from which are deduced procedures to be used in certain specified cases.