baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent CN-1169454-A (CN)
Title: 非黑色抗静电塑料与非黑色抗静电橡胶
Inventor: ZHAO YUFENG
IPC: C09K3/16
Filed: 1996-06-26
Abstract: 一种非黑色抗静电塑料或抗静电橡胶材料,属于抗静电材料技术领域,是用于防止静电产生的专用材料。该材料主要是由塑料或橡胶、导电物质、调色剂、偶联剂、增强剂等各种原料按比例配制好,然后加热至熔融状态后注塑成型或硫化成型即可。解决了净化车间或超净化车间等场所不能使用黑色抗静电材料的问题。
Patent CN-1181405-A (CN)
Inventor: TYSAK THEODORE
IPC: C08F8/32
Filed: 1997-08-19
Abstract: 本发明公开了可成膜的酸—胺胶乳在水基抛光剂组合物中的用途,由此得到的膜具有耐久性、韧性和耐洗涤剂性,同时具有胺可剥离性。这种抛光剂组合物不含金属和含有相当低含量的挥发性有机物。
Patent CN-1218825-A (CN)
Inventor: PAN XINGXIANG
IPC: C12G3/02
Filed: 1997-12-01
Abstract: 一种葡萄黄酒酿制方法,以鲜葡萄为原料,其酿制工艺流程为:鲜葡萄→分选→破碎→葡萄浆→发酵→压榨→调整成分→过滤→成品,其特征在于在所述的发酵工序中间歇流加黄酒。本发明将葡萄和黄酒在酿制中有机结合,融葡萄酒清新爽口和绍兴黄酒醇厚风味于一体,使酿制的葡萄黄酒风格独特,口味更佳,营养成分更加丰富。
Patent CN-1245246-A (CN)
Title: 催化转换器
Inventor: SOOBLAMANEYAN MUSAN
IPC: F01N3/28
Filed: 1998-08-18
Abstract: 一种催化转换器,它是紧凑的并能有利地被具有二冲程发动机的车辆使用。该转换器包括一个室,该室具有设置在室内的第一和第二锥体。各锥体设置成一种间隔开的关系,从而在它们之间限定一个催化剂床。该室延伸进入一个扩散器中。
Patent CN-1264494-A (CN)
Title: 半导体装置、其安装结构体及其制造方法
Inventor: TAKAYOSHI WATANABE
IPC: H01L21/56
Filed: 1998-07-15
Abstract: 为了提供一种在与基板连接时不发生导通不良并能容易地进行高密度安装且能实现低成本的半导体装置、其安装结构体及其制造方法,本发明的特征在于:将角锥形状的凸起电极接合到配置在半导体芯片上的各焊区电极上而构成。
Patent CN-1231551-A (CN)
Title: 一种蜂窝通讯系统
Inventor: RYOICHI EKUSA
IPC: H04J13/00
Filed: 1999-02-10
Abstract: 一种蜂窝通讯系统,作为一种多路存取系统,同时使用码分多路存取及时分多路存取,其中码分多路存取通过使用扩散码进行扩频,而在时分多路存取中,将多个通讯信道分配给时间被分割的时隙,基站包含时分扩散码发送控制装置,其包含用于根据是否存在数据,通过使用不同的扩散码扩散数据的扩散码装置,以产生宽带信号。
Patent CN-1276381-A (CN)
Inventor: QIU LIEQUN
IPC: C12N5/071
Filed: 1999-06-04
Abstract: 本发明涉及生长因子神经调节蛋白及其类似物在体外促进心肌细胞分化,诱导心肌细胞内肌原纤维节和细胞骨架结构重建或细胞间粘合,识别能抑制神经调节蛋白刺激心肌细胞分化的多肽或化合物,以及制备治疗心脏病和心力衰竭药物中的新的应用。
Patent CN-1309551-A (CN)
Title: 层状棉塞
Inventor: BOWLES VIRGINIA
IPC: A61F13/20
Filed: 1999-07-29
Abstract: 本发明涉及吸湿棉塞。特别是,本发明涉及改进的吸湿棉塞,其具有提高的液体收集速率,而在容量或者液体存留特征方面的性能没有降低。这通过由人造丝层和棉层构成的层状结构的吸湿棉塞实现。本发明的棉塞敷料块是分离层片的片层垫片形式。敷料块具有至少一个最上层、最下层和至少一个位于最上层和最下层之间的中间层。最上层和最下层分别主要由人造丝构成。至少一个中间层主要由棉构成。在本发明的具体情况中,外层(即,最上层和最下层)包括至少大约60%的人造丝,较优选的是至少大约90%的人造丝,更优选的是全部由人造丝构成。在本发明的另一情况中,至少一个中间层包括至少大约60%的棉,较优选的是至少90%的棉,更优选的是全部由棉构成。
Patent CR-20170604-A (CR)
Title: Formulación sólida oral que contiene irinotecán y método de preparación de la misma
Inventor: KIM YONG LL
IPC: A61K47/12
Filed: 2016-06-20
Abstract: Una formulación sólida oral incluye irinotecán o una sal aceptable farmacéuticamente del mismo como ingrediente activo y un agente acidificante
Patent CR-20200435-A (CR)
Title: Peptides and combination of peptides for use in immunotherapy against prostate cancer and other cancers
Inventor: SINGH HARPREET
IPC: C07K14/47
Filed: 2016-08-05
Abstract: <p>The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.</p> <p> </p>
Patent CR-20210616-A (CR)
Title: Crystalline salt forms of a kinase inhibitor
Inventor: JOHNSON COURTNEY S
IPC: C07D215/233
Filed: 2019-12-12
Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline forms of salts of Compound 1. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the solid crystalline salts of Compound 1. The invention further relates to methods of treating a disease, disorder, or syndrome mediated at least in part by modulating <em>in vivo</em> activity of a protein kinase.
Patent CR-20210649-A (CR)
Title: Flex sensors for measuring real-time valve diameter during procedure
Inventor: SIROTE NATANEL SIMCHA
IPC: A61F2/95
Filed: 2020-12-03
Abstract: A delivery assembly constituted of: a prosthetic valve comprising a plurality of intersecting struts, and a delivery apparatus comprising: a handle; a delivery shaft extending distally from the handle; and a flex sensing assembly, comprising: at least one flex sensor coupled to at least one of the plurality of struts; and a control unit in communication with the at least one flex sensor, wherein the prosthetic valve is movable between a radially compressed configuration and a radially expanded configuration, and wherein, responsive to an output of the at least one flex sensor, the control unit is configured to generate a signal indicative of a diameter of the prosthetic valve.
Patent CR-20220464-A (CR)
Title: Systems and methods for stormwater management
Inventor: FIGOLA DANIEL J
IPC: E03F5/16
Filed: 2021-03-15
Abstract: A fluid management system including an inlet configured to receive pre-processed fluid is provided. The system includes a filtering apparatus configured to remove contaminants from the pre-processed fluid. The filtering apparatus includes a plate having a first opening. A first manifold pipe is disposed on the plate and includes one or more perforations and a second opening at least partially aligned with the first opening. A second manifold pipe is disposed on the plate and includes one or more perforations. Filter media is disposed between the first manifold pipe and the second manifold pipe and is configured to separate the contaminants from the pre-processed fluid. The system also includes an outlet coupled to the second manifold pipe to receive processed fluid from the filtering apparatus.
Patent EC-SP003531-A (EC)
Title: Derivados de purina
Inventor: MANTELL SIMON JOHN
IPC: A61P37/08
Filed: 2000-06-14
Abstract: La presente invención se refiere a compuestos de la fórmula: (gráfico), y a sus sales y solvatos farmacéuticamente aceptables, y a procedimientos para su preparación, a intermedios usados en su preparación a composiciones que los contienen y a los usos de tales compuestos como antagonistas del recptor de la adenosina A2a.
Patent EC-SP066348-A (EC)
Title: Asignación de recursos cooperativa, programada y autónoma para un sistema de comunicación distribuido
Inventor: LOTT CHRISTOPHER GERARD
IPC: H04W52/00
Filed: 2006-02-06
Abstract: Un terminal de acceso (260) que se configura para la comunicación inalámbrica con una red de acceso (204) dentro de un sector (1032). El terminal de acceso (206) incluye un transmisor (2608) para transmitir un canal de tráfico inverso a la red de acceso (204), una antena (2614) para recibir señales desde la red de acceso (204), un procesador (2602) y memoria (2604) en comunicación electrónica con el procesador (2602). Las instrucciones almacenadas en la memoria (2604) implementan un método de determinar si una aprobación de asignación de la energía actual (1374) para un flujo (1216) en el terminal de acceso (206) se ha recibido desde la red de acceso (204). Si la aprobación de asignación de la energía actual (1374) sigue estando activa, se fija una asignación de la energía actual (1338a) para el flujo igual a la aprobación de asignación de la energía actual (1374). Si la aprobación de asignación de la energía actual (1374) no se ha recibido, determinar la asignación de la energía actual para el flujo; se determina una asignación de la energía actual (1338a) para el flujo.
Patent EC-SP066537-A (EC)
Title: Mezclas fungicidas para combatir patógenos del arroz
Inventor: STIERL REINHARD
IPC: A01N43/90
Filed: 2006-05-02
Abstract: Mezclas fungicidas para combatir patógenos del arroz, que contienen como componentes activos: 1)	el derivado de tiazolopirimidina de la fórmula I, y2)	carbendazima de la fórmula II I, en una cantidad sinergética activa, procedimientos para combatir patógenos del arroz con mezclas del compuesto I con el compuesto II y el uso de mezclas del compuesto I con el compuesto II para la obtención de tales mezclas, así como productos que contienen estas mezclas.
Patent EC-SP077246-A (EC)
Title: Formulaciones Estabilizadoras
Inventor: LI LI
IPC: G01N33/531
Filed: 2007-02-13
Abstract: Se describen formulaciones que son adecuadas para el almacenamiento de proteínas, tal como anticuerpos, sobre un rango relativamente amplio de concentraciones de proteína, pH, y tipos de tampón. También se describen métodos de almacenamiento de una proteína y métodos para identificar una formulación adecuada para el almacenamiento de una proteína específica. En general, una formulación que contiene poco o nada de surfactante, desde nada a concentraciones relativamente bajas de sal, y que requiere una concentración de tampón relativamente baja.
Patent EC-SP982376-A (EC)
Title: Derivados sustituidos de triazolo-piridacina como lingados para receptores gaba
Inventor: STREET LESLIE JOSEF
IPC: A61K31/49
Filed: 1998-01-22
Abstract: El invento se refiere a: Un compuesto de la fórmula I, o una sal o droga inactiva del mismo. (gráfico), donde Y1 representa hidrógeno o metilo; Z1 representa C1-16 alquilo, C3-7 cicloalquilo, C4-7 cicloalquenilo, arilo, C3-7 heterocicloalquilo, heteroarilo o di(C1-6) alquiloamino, cualquiera de cuyos grupos puede ser sustituído opcionalmente; R1 representa C3-7 cicloalquilo, fenilo, furilo, tienilo o piridinilo, cualquiera de cuyos grupos puede ser sustituído opcionalmente m es 1 ó 2; y R22 representa arilo o heteroarilo, cualquiera de cuyos grupos puede ser sustituído opcionalmente.
Patent EG-23438-A (EG)
Title: Method and apparatus for the preparation of triptane and/or triptene.
Inventor: COOK STEPHEN D
IPC: C10L1/16
Filed: 2002-03-02
Granted: 2005-08-24
Abstract: A continuous or semi-continuous process for the production of triptane and/or triptene from methanol and/or dimethyl ether in the presence in a reactor of an effective concentration of catalyst active for the conversion of methanol and/or dimethyl ether to triptane and/or triptene in which process co-produced water is separated from the catalyst as a vapour phase whilst the catalyst is retained in a liquid or solid phase. Preferably, the catalyst comprises zinc halide and is maintained in said reactor in an active form and an effective concentration. Apparatus for use in the process may comprise a reactor having at least one reaction zone and at least one separation zone.
Patent FI-20002281-A (FI)
Inventor: SHEYNBLAT LEONID
IPC: G01S1/02
Filed: 2000-10-16
Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a time associated with a satellite positioning system. A first record of at least a portion of a satellite message that is received by a first entity is compared to a second record of said satellite message to determine a first time value, wherein said second record of said satellite message is received at a second entity. A second time value is determined based on a set of error statistic values, wherein at least one of said first time value and said second time value indicate said time associated with said satellite positioning system. Alternatively, the second time value may be determined based on a relative velocity of a set of satellites.
Patent FI-20020265-A (FI)
Inventor: ALHO-LEHTO PIRJO
IPC: A23L33/22
Filed: 2002-02-08
Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of food and nutrition. Especially it concerns improved pasta products. The new pasta product has improved cooking quality and in addition an improved health value due to added ingredients.
Patent FI-20065585-A (FI)
Inventor: SEPPAENEN SAULI
IPC: E05B/
Filed: 2006-09-22
Abstract: A cover plate (1, 11) according to the invention comprises at least one threaded hole (3, 4, 14) for a fastener. The mouths of the threaded hole or holes are on the back side of the cover plate. The mouth of the threaded hole comprises an expansion (8, 13, 17, 18) so that the diameter of the expansion crosswise to the axis of the threaded hole (3, 4, 14) is greater than the outer diameter of the thread in the threaded hole at least in part of the expansion area.
Patent FI-20125140-A (FI)
Inventor: HUGG EERO
IPC: C21B7/14
Filed: 2012-02-09
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a melt launder (1) to be used for transferring molten phase such as slag, matte, or metal formed in a process for the production of metals. The invention also relates to a melt launder (1) to be used for transferring molten phase such as slag, matte, or metal formed in a process for the production of metals. The melt launder (1) comprises a launder body of metal (3), a flow channel (2) for molten phase, a refractory lining (4) for lining the launder body of metal (3) so that the refractory lining (4) at least partly forms a flow surface (5) for molten phase in the flow channel (2) for molten phase, and a layer of steel (6) between the launder body of metal (3) and the refractory lining (4).
Patent GB-1053265-A (GB)
IPC: B65G17/06
Abstract: 1,053,265. Endless conveyers. ASHWORTH BROS. Inc. Sept. 2, 1965, No. 37515/65. Heading B8A. An endless conveyer, collapsible to pass around horizontal curves comprises transverse rods 12 slidably coupled together at their ends by limbs 14, each of the latter taking the form of a U with the legs thereof stepped to give maximum spacing at their free ends and a minimum spacing at their joined ends 15. Each rod end 19 passes through circular apertures in the free ends of one link and through slots elongated in the direction of conveying, in the joined ends of an adjacent link whereupon one link can telescope into the other, up to a limit, when passing around the inside of a curve. The rod ends may be pivotal or fixed in the circular apertures in the one link and in any case are prevented from movement relative to the link in the direction of the rod length.
Patent GB-1053617-A (GB)
IPC: F16D51/04
Abstract: 1,053,617. Internal shoe drum brakes; disc brakes. DUNLOP RUBBER CO. Ltd. April 9, 1964 [April 9, 1963], No. 14701/64. Heading F2E. An internal shoe drum brake combined with a disc brake comprises a single shoe in the form of a flexible prestressed band 7 by which linings 30, 30a (Fig. 1) thereon are held away from a drum formed by the dished portion 6 of a brake disc 3, and applying means for the shoe comprising a hollow cam-shaft 20 which surrounds and is resiliently mounted by a rubber sleeve 21 on a pin 17 which is secured to an axle bracket 13 and located in a bush 12 on a backing plate 11, the ends of the tube being formed with dogs 26a, 27a, 26b, 27b for engagement with an operating lever 19 and with brackets 23, 24 (Fig. 1) on the ends of the band so that on rotation of lever 19 about the pin 17 the dogs 26b, 27b move the brackets 23, 24 away from flat resting surfaces 12a, 12b of the bush 12 to apply the shoe to the drum. By virtue of the resilient mounting of the tube 20 the shoe is able to move circumferentially to a limited extent in the direction of rotation of the drum. The lining 30a at the trailing end of the band is of material having a higher resistance to wear and a lower coefficient of friction than the linings 30. The band has spaced longitudinal ribs forming a groove to receive extremities 33 of the backing plate by which the shoe is guided and restrained against axial movement. A second axle bracket 14 provides a fixed mounting for a caliper housing 16 for a pair of pads and means for applying them to the outer radial portion of the disc 3.
Patent GB-1225273-A (GB)
IPC: B01J49/00
Filed: 1968-03-07
Abstract: 1,225,273. Ion-exchange. CRANE CO. 7 March, 1968 [3 April, 1967], No. 11260/68. Heading B1J. Regenerating of a separated bed of cation and anion exchanger takes place in three stages. An upper portion of the upper (anion) exchange bed is regenerated with metal alkali then the metal is replaced with ammonia at the same time affecting any cation exchanger entrained in the upper portion of the bed and finally regenerating with acid and ammonia the cation exchange bed. The beds or the portion may be separated.
Patent GB-1229480-A (GB)
IPC: C07C37/14
Filed: 1968-11-15
Abstract: 1,229,480. 2,6 - Disubstituted phenols. NAUCHNO - ISSLEDOVATELSKY INSTITUT REZINOVYKH I LATEXNYKH IZDELY. 15 Nov., 1968 [20 Nov., 1967], No. 54324/68. Heading C2C. A process for the production of a 2,6-dialkylphenol comprises alkylating phenol with an alkene in the presence, as catalyst, of a metal phenate prepared by the reaction of phenol with a metal; the preparation of the catalyst and the alkylation both being carried out in the presence of a sterically hindered phenol. Sterically hindered phenols specified include 2,2<SP>1</SP>- methylene - bis - (4 - methyl- 6 - tert .- butylphenol), 4,4 - methylene - bis- (2,6-di-tert. - butyl phenol), 2,2<SP>1</SP> - methylene bis - (4 - methyl - 6 - methylcyclohexylphenol) 4 - methyl - 2,6 - di - alpha - methyl benzyl phenol and mixtures thereof. Metals specified include aluminium and iron. Products obtained include 2,6-di-tert.-butyl phenol and 2,6-dialpha-methyl benzyl phenol.
Patent GB-1229747-A (GB)
IPC: F04D29/26
Filed: 1969-03-03
Abstract: 1,229,747. Axial-flow fans. AIRFLOW DEVELOPMENTS Ltd. Dec.30, 1969 [March 3, 1969], No. 11175/69. Heading F1. [Also in Division F2C. On a shaft B is mounted a fan impeller by a hub comprising an outer sleeve E secured to the impeller backplate F, separated axially and radially by a flanged bush D of resilient material from a flanged inner sleeve C.
Patent GB-1232845-A (GB)
IPC: C08F8/34
Filed: 1968-05-30
Abstract: 1,232,845. Coating. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 30 May, 1968, No. 25992/68. Heading B2E. [Also in Division C3] Polymers having pendent mercapto-ester groups, which are obtained by reacting a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with a thiirane of the formula: where R is a C 1 -C 4  alkyl group, are useful in protecting surface coatings against degradation due to heat and light, or forming such surface coatings. In an Example a latex of an ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid/ acrylic acid copolymer which has been esterified with propylene sulphide is cast as a film on bleached sulphite paper.
Patent GB-1233841-A (GB)
IPC: H05B41/282
Filed: 1969-04-24
Abstract: 1,233,841. Control systems for gas discharge lamps. THORN LIGHTING Ltd. 24 April, 1969, No. 21085/69. Heading H2H. [Also in Division H3] A class C transistor oscillator suitable for powering a discharge lamp has a feedback transformer 50 to maintain a tank circuit 18, 20 in oscillation and a winding 32 coupled to the tank circuit to provide a trigger signal. As described, the transformer 50 together with the C.R. circuit 28, 30, effects oscillation in blocking oscillator fashion and the feedback from the tuned circuit stabilizes the frequency. Diodes 44, 56, 62 and 64 protect the base against excessive forward and reverse voltages without adding resistance which would slow down the discharge of stored carriers and diode 60 protects the collector. A resonant choke 58 limits the collector current. A resistor may be connected across diode 44 (Fig. 5, not shown), and two circuits may be connected in push-pull manner to the tank circuit (Fig. 6, not shown).
Patent GB-1251499-A (GB)
IPC: B30B9/18
Filed: 1968-11-15
Abstract: 1,251,499. Screw presses. USINE DE WECKER S.A.R.L. 15 Nov., 1968 [15 Nov., 1967], No. 54350/68. Addition to 1,171,286. Heading B1D. [Also in Division A4] The discharge orifice 4 of a twin-screw extrusion press is adjustable by means of an axially displaceable press member 7 having a surface formed by two merged frusto-cones and a central passage 10 for the extruded solids. This is stated to reduce clogging. As described, passage 10 is of rectangular or round crosssection.
Patent GB-1251945-A (GB)
IPC: B65H75/14
Filed: 1970-02-06
Abstract: 1,251,945. Cable drums; lagging. SIEMENS A.G. 6 Feb., 1970 [7 Feb., 1969], No. 5936/70. Heading B8M. A cable drum 1 comprises two flanges 2, separate boards 4 extending across the gap between the flange edges, tensioned members 5 circumscribing the boards 4 and pressing them against the flange edges, and elements 6 or 7 axially locating the boards relative to the flanges, the elements being attached to the inner surfaces of the boards and located with at least one flange. The tensioned members 5 preferably comprise wires which are tensioned around the boards 4 and the edges are clamped together to prevent relative movement; the wires are preferably such that they press into the boards and seat in the indentations thus made. The flanges 2 may be made of wood, metal or plastics material. The locating strip 7 is preferably in the form of a strip with projections 9, of various suitable shapes, pressed therefrom alternately in opposite directions so that some projections press into the inner surfaces of the boards and the other projections press into the peripheral edge of the flange to prevent axial displacement of the boards relative to the flanges. The locating strip 7 may be made of metal or plastics material. In an alternative form, the strip 7 comprises a wire with projections in the form of plates threaded thereon. In an alternative embodiment, relative axial movement between the boards and the flanges is prevented by means of an abutment element 6. The abutment element 6 preferably comprises a metal element 22 having a portion 23 bent-over to form an abutment surface with the inner surface of the flange and with portions bent-over in the opposite direction to be pressed into the inner surface of a board 21. Various forms of such abutment elements are described. In a particular embodiment, the abutment element is a cylindrical member, preferably of thermoplastic material, attached to the board by a nail or spike.
Patent GB-1264600-A (GB)
IPC: A23B7/00
Filed: 1971-01-25
Abstract: 1,264,600. Preservation of fruit. HESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORP. 25 Jan., 1971, No. 3074/71. Heading A2D. Parchycorpous fruit (fruit having a thick pericarp, i.e. melons) are preserved by wetting the outer surface of the fruit with an aqueous suspension of tetra iodo ethylene and sealing the fruit, while still wet, in a water-impervious wrapping. Prior to the above treatment, the outer surface of the fruit may be wetted with an aqueous solution or suspension of a bacteriostat such as sodium hypochlorite or benzylpenicillin. Suitable water-impervious wrappings are plastics film such as polyethylene.
Patent GB-1265318-A (GB)
IPC: H01L35/34
Filed: 1968-05-14
Abstract: 1,265,318. Thermoelectric elements. UNITED KINGDOM ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY. 5 May, 1969 [14 May, 1968], No. 22948/68. Heading H1K. A thermoelectric element is made of a polycrystalline alloy in which at least a proportion of the grains are in the size range 0À01 to 10 Á or include substructures defining lattice boundaries spaced by distances within this range, so that the thermal conductivity of the element is lower than in a single crystal of the alloy and the thermoelectric figure of merit is relatively high. The alloy is preferably Ge/Si heavily doped with P or B. In the preferred method of manufacture, a body of P or B doped Ge/Si is initially formed by melting and shaking in vacuum and then quenching or chill casting. This body is then bulk milled to a particle size of 0À1 to 10 Á and further reduction in size may be obtained by milling in a gas mill. The resulting powder is finally hot pressed and cooled under carefully controlled conditions to produce a thermoelectric element having the desired polycrystalline structure. The initial powder for the hot pressing process may alternatively be formed by deposition from mixed silicon tetrachloride and germanium tetrachloride gases in a hot reaction cell. The desired grain size may also be obtained by allowing the alloy to solidify in the presence of ultra-sonic waves which induce density fluctuations encouraging grain nucleation on the correct scale, or by solidifying from very small amounts of liquid at a time, deposited on the growing ingot by plasma spraying or drip feeding.