Patent GB-933814-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the purification of phosphatides
Inventor: PARDUN HERMANN
IPC: A23J7/00
Filed: 1959-05-12
Abstract: A process for obtaining an improved phosphatide product from crude vegetable lecithin comprises treating the crude product with two liquids, one of which is a solvent for the phosphatide and one which is a non-solvent for the phosphatide but which is a p  solvent for vegetable oils and fatty acids in such proportions that two liquid phases are formed, the solvent phase containing most of the phosphatide, separating the phases and heating to remove solvent from the solvent phase.  Preferably the volume ratio of non-solvent to solvent is from 2:1 to 6:1.  Preferred solvent liquids are hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons having not more than 7 carbon atoms, especially C5-7 aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, or C1-2 halogenated hydrocarbons; the boiling point is preferably not above about 100 DEG C.  Preferred non-solvent liquids are neutral organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only containing a >C=O group, especially ketones and alkyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids, preferably of boiling point not above about 80 DEG C.; they may contain small proportions of other substances, such as water.  The use of solvent and non-solvent liquids which form a minimum-boiling mixture is advantageous.  The weight proportion between the crude lecithin and the total liquid used is preferably from 1 : 1,5 to 1 : 10.  The crude lecithin may be treated with a mixture of the two liquids, or the non-solvent may be added to a solution of the lecithin in the solvent.  Continuous extraction processes may be used.  Temperatures of 15-40 DEG C. are mentioned.  The procedure may be repeated several times by adding a mixture of the solvent and non-solvent liquids to the solvent phase after separation of the non-solvent phase, until the desired degree of purity has been reached.  The purified lecithin may be incorporated into foodstuffs (see Group VI).ALSO:Lecithin-containing compositions may be obtained by mixing refined vegetable oils, partial glycerides, glycerol, sorbitol, sugars or other polyhydroxy compounds or their partial esters with a solution of lecithin obtained by the purification process described below, and removing the solvent by evaporation.  The purification process comprises treating crude vegetable lecithin with two liquids, one of which is a solvent for the phosphatide and one which is a non-solvent for the phosphatide but which is a solvent for vegetable oils and fatty acids in such proportions that two liquid phases are formed, the solvent phase containing most of the phosphatide, and separating the phases. Preferably, the volume ratio of non-solvent to solvent is from 2 : 1 to 6 : 1. Preferred solvent liquids are hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons having not more than 7 carbon atoms, especially C5-7 aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons or C1-2 halogenated hydrocarbons; the boiling point is preferably not above about 100 DEG  C.  Preferred non-solvent liquids are neutral organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only containing a C=O group, especially ketones and alkyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids, preferably of boiling point not above about 80 DEG  C.; they may contain small proportions of other substances, such as water.  The use of solvent and non-solvent liquids which form a minimum boiling mixture is advantageous.  The weight proportion between the crude lecithin and the total liquid used is preferably from 1 : 1.5 to 1 : 10.  The crude lecithin may be treated with a mixture of the two liquids, or the non-solvent may be added to a solution of the lecithin in the solvent. Continuous extraction processes may be used. Temperatures of 15-40 DEG  C. are mentioned.  The procedure may be repeated several times by adding a mixture of the solvent and non-solvent liquids to the solvent phase after separation of the non-solvent phase, until the desired degree of purity has been reached.  In Example 2, cottonseed oil is mixed with a cyclohexane solution of rapeseed lecithin purified by means of a cyclohexane/acetone mixture and solvent removed.