baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-921269-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to electric current producing cells
IPC: H01M6/08
Filed: 1960-12-28
Abstract: 921,269. Primary cells. MALLORY BATTERIES Ltd. Dec. 28, 1960 [Jan. 6, 1960], No. 44429/60. Class 53. Mercuric dioxy chromate is used as the depolarizer in a cell having a thickened electrolyte of zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate or magnesium acetate. The carbon rod 5 has a stainless steel cap 7 and the cell is sealed by an epoxy resin 8. A laminate of paper and regenerated cellulose 2 lines the can 1 which may be of magnesium, cadmium or zinc. Finely divided carbon may be mixed with the depolarizer.
Patent GB-1300755-A (GB)
Title: Process control
Inventor: SCHAMPHELAERE LUCIEN AMEDE DE
IPC: G05B15/02
Filed: 1969-09-10
Abstract: 1300755 Automatic control systems AGFA-GEVAERT 3 Sept 1970 [10 Sept 1969] 44596/69 Heading G3R A process, such as one for coating photographic material wherein the speed of a web is controlled, involves the use of transducers Td, Ta which produce a digital signal md and an analog signal ma respectively, each representing the speed. An analog controller C2 provides a signal u2 for influencing the process directly in a sense to reduce an error signal e2 which is received from a comparator S2. An analog reference signal r'a and the signal ma are applied to the unit S2. A generator R provides a digital reference signal rd representing the desired speed of the web, this signal being converted to analog signal ra in converter DAC2. A unit S1 compares the signals rd and md, the digital error signal el being passed through an integrating controller C1 and converter DAC1 to form an analog signal ul. A summer S3 adds the signals u1 and ra to form the modified reference signal r'a. In a system having several loop circuits each for controlling a different variable, each process has an individual converter for the signal rd, a summer S3 which receives the signal ul from an analog memory store such as a capacitor, and a comparator S2. The memory device stores the signal u1 between two successive samplings. The digital control is performed by only one controller C1 which is connectable successively into the different control circuits through solid state switches. The controller C1, which has a computing function, stores the time integral of the control error of the different control circuits, and may be associated with a back-up store for the loop data, Fig. 2 (not shown). In another arrangement the signals rd and ul are summed digitally whereby the converters used in the previous arrangement are omitted. The actual summing is performed by the controller C1 which incorporates a priority device for allowing a change in the reference value of a given control loop to be transmitted immediately to the memory element concerned. The controller C1 may calculate the increments of two successive values of the signal r'a, the analog memory being replaced by an integrator, Fig. 3 (not shown). The digital transducers may be dispensed with, the signals ma being converted into digital signals by a unit between a selector switch and the comparator S1 Fig.4 (not shown). To ensure that zero drift of the analog memories or integrators does not introduce errors, each analog controller is adapted to be switched over to an additional device which produces a definite analog reference value. A switch is provided for allowing the input to a comparator to be changed from a memory device to a source of analog reference signals. A differential voltmeter allows the reference signal to be modified temporarily to correspond with the signal from the memory unit, Fig. 5 (not shown).
Patent GB-1223290-A (GB)
Title: Cooking
IPC: A23L1/18
Filed: 1968-09-19
Abstract: 1,223,290. Cereal dough product. GENERAL MILLS Inc. 19 Sept., 1968 [19 Sept., 1967], No. 44676/68. Headings A2B and A2E. A high sugar content cereal dough containing at least 10% by weight of sugar, which may be used for the preparation of breakfast cereals, is cooked by working at elevated pressure, whereby sufficient heat is generated by friction to cook the dough. Suitably, the dough is worked by an auger in the barrel of an extruder, the auger being such that considerable slip, causing friction, occurs, and the cooked dough being extruded.
Patent GB-1361652-A (GB)
Title: Paraxylene recovery with zeolite absorbent
IPC: C07C7/13
Filed: 1971-09-28
Abstract: 1361652 Potassium type Y zeolite ESSO RESEARCH & ENG CO 28 Sept 1971 [1 Oct 1970] 45042/71 Heading C1A [Also in Division C5] A type Y zeolite having a unit cell site of 24À50-24À75  containing predominantly (defined) potassium ions is prepared by (a) ion exchanging a sodium type Y sieve with ammonium ions, (b) thermally treating the sieve in the presence of water vapour or ammonia to decompose the ammonium ion, and (c) hydrothermally exchanging with a potassium salt. Step (a) may involve hydrothermal treatment at up to 180 to 220 F. with an ammonium salt solution (e.g. NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, or (NH 4 )CO 3  under agitation so that at least 70% of zeolite's sodium ion is replaced with ammonium ion. Step (b) may involve treatment at 600-1400 F. in an atmosphere containing at least 2% water vapour for ¢-16 hours. Particle sites of the adsorbent obtained are specified in Example 2.
Patent GB-1169356-A (GB)
Title: A Combination of a Machine Tool with Presettable Cutting Tools
Inventor: JONES WILLIAM OWEN MCKENZIE
IPC: B23B29/20
Filed: 1965-10-25
Abstract: 1,169,356. Machine tool details. W. O. M. JONES. 24 Oct., 1966 [25 Oct., 1965], No. 45125/65. Headings B3B, B3C and B3T. In a machine tool such as a lathe or boring machine means are provided for mounting a preset cutting tool on a part of the machine in relation to three mutually perpendicular reference planes which are simulated on a presetting device away from the machine tool. The mounting means comprises a shank 6 which extends from a plate 8 and which can form part of or be secured to a tool carrier, the shank being locatable in a bore 4 of a machine tool part such as a lathe turret 2, a key 14 on the plate cooperating with a slot 16 on the turret to effect positive locating of the plate with respect to the turret. An eccentric pin 18 in the turret effects locking of the shank in the bore by engagement between the pin and a groove 22 in the shank, the plate 8 being indexable to permit alternative angular positions of the cutting tool when mounted on the plate. In an alternative arrangement the key 14 is replaced by a pin locatable in the face of the turret and which co-operates with the slot in the plate. An alternative form of indexing may be achieved by a splined connection between the shank and bore. The cutting tool or cutting tool in its holder is preset away from the machine tool in a device which simulates the actual tool mounting means on the machine tool, see Figs. 5 to 8 (not shown).
Patent GB-1246961-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the measurement of the wall thickness of tubular members
Inventor: FIRTH KENNETH
IPC: G01B7/16
Filed: 1967-10-04
Abstract: 1, 246, 961. Measuring wall thickness of tubes. PLESSEY CO. Ltd. Dec. 23, 1968 [Oct. 4, 1967], No. 45292/67. Heading G1M. A method of determining the wall thickness of tubes comprises applying outwardly acting forces of known magnitude to two diametrically opposed points of the cross-section of the tube in order to deform the tube and measuring the resulting deformation of the cross-section. Discs J having spring-loaded steel balls K centre a pair of cylinders B, having pistons A and a pair of measuring cylinders E having feeler pistons D, inside the tube. Hydraulic liquid is fed to the cylinders B through tubes L, L1, L2 to cause pressure pads C to force against the inner wall of the tube. The contraction of the tube diameter at right angles to the line of action of the pistons A is detected by the pistons D in the bored ends of which a rod G is located, One terminal of the transistorized variable frequency oscillator H is connected to the rod whilst the other terminal is earthed to the pistons D. The deformation of the rod is measured by noting on a counter, the oscillator frequency before and after applying the deforming force. The wall thickness is determined empirically from the measured deformation.
Patent GB-1523759-A (GB)
Title: Die press for moulding plastics
IPC: B29B13/00
Filed: 1975-10-31
Abstract: 1523759 Press-moulding gramophone records PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 31 Oct 1975 [27 Nov 1974] 45305/75 Heading B5A A die-pressing device for manufacturing gramophone and video records from thermoplastic material comprises two oppositely arranged pressing blocks each comprising two thin steel sheets 1 and 2 sandwiching a thin porous heat-conducting layer 3 of phosphorbronze gauze 3 which is connected to inlet 6 and outlet 7 for a heating or cooling media. In Fig. 2 (not shown) the supporting element of the blocks which receives the pressure load is a single piece of heat insulating material.
Patent GB-1146359-A (GB)
Title: Method and apparatus for conditioning a web of material, such as paper
IPC: B05B5/08
Filed: 1966-10-11
Abstract: 1,146,359. Web treating apparatus. SVENSKA FLAKTFABRIKEN A.B. 11 Oct., 1966 [23 Nov., 1965], No.45449/66. Heading D1L. A method of moistening a web comprises creating an electrostatic field between an anode and a cathode placed on opposite sides of the web and spaced therefrom, passing the web through the electrostatic field and simultaneously spraying the web with finely distributed particles of a moistening agent, and supporting the web out of contact with the anode and the cathode. In a preferred embodiment of apparatus suitable for carrying out the method, the anode is in the form of blow boxes 42 connected to a supply of gaseous medium which is projected onto the web surface, via holes 44 in the boxes 42, to maintain the web out of contact with the anode. The blow boxes 42 are preferably earthed. The cathode is preferably in the dorm of nozzles 34 which are connectedto a D.C. power supply. The nozzles 34 have coaxial conduits for the supply of air and moistening agents, which are projected together from the tip of the nozzle in the form of a fine mist. The supply of moistening agent e.g. water, to the nozzle is from a supply tank 52 fed from a further tank 55, valve means being provided to prevent supply taking place to tank 52 during filling of tank 55 and vice versa. The nozzles 34 are preferably spaced transversely of the web to provide a uniform distribution of the moistening agent; the nozzles may also be coupled in pairs or individually to the power supply and include switch means for the selective connection into the electrostatic field of the nozzles. The blow boxes 42 may also extend longitudinally of the web, and spaced transversely, each being coupled for selective connection into the electrostatic field. In an alternative embodiment, the cathode; is in the form of a mesh screen interposed between the web and the nozzles, the anode comprising blow boxes extending transversely of the web and spaced longitudinally thereof. The gaseous medium issuing from the blow boxes may be given a high moisture content to prevent drying of the web.
Patent GB-1422033-A (GB)
Title: Method of manufacturing a semiconductor device
IPC: H01L29/78
Filed: 1973-10-01
Abstract: 1422033 Making semi-conductor devices NCR CORP 1 Oct 1973 [12 Oct 1972] 45676/73 Heading H1K In a semi-conductor device two overlapping levels of conductive material are separated by a first undoped insulating layer and a second doped insulating layer disposed over the first and which does not touch the semi-conductor substrate, the second doped insulating layer material having a lower flow temperature than that of the first layer, and, after it has been formed, the second layer being heated to cause it to flow, whereupon it is then resolidified such that the second level of conductive material subsequently formed thereon has no sharp discontinuities where it crosses the edge of the underlying first level of conductive material. N-type silicon wafer 10 is covered with a 10,000  thick silicon oxide or aluminium oxide layer 12 that is provided with first level conductor leads 14, 16, 20 formed of polysilicon, Mb or W 3000-6000  thick. The conductor leads may form the gate electrodes of three MOS transistors formed in the substrate. A first insulating layer 22 of undoped silicon oxide or silicon nitride deposited from the gas phase or of aluminium oxide is formed about 1000  thick. The second insulating layer 24, 3000  thick, is formed by deposition from the gas phase of silicon oxide or silicon nitride doped with phosphorous oxide, boron, aluminium, lead, calcium or magnesium. The layer 24 is heated at 800-1200 C. for 5-60 mins, e.g. at 1000 C. for 30 mins., to cause it to flow. The second level of conductive material 28A, a 14,000  thick Al layer, is deposited on the second insulating layer 24, a photoresist etching mask 29A is applied to selected areas of Al layer 28A and the unmasked areas thereof are etched away. Holes may be etched in the insulator layers 22, 24 to provide connection between the aluminium layer 28 and the various regions of the transistors in the substrate.
Patent GB-1263766-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electron discharge tubes
Inventor: PICKERING ALAN HUGH
IPC: H01J23/05
Filed: 1969-09-16
Abstract: 1,263,766. Magnetrons; cooling cathodes. ENGLISH ELECTRIC VALVE CO. Ltd. 6 July, 1970 [16 Sept., 1969], No. 45692/69 Heading H1D. The cathode 1 of a crossed-field microwave tube-as shown, a magnetronis in good heatexchanging relation with, and is supported by, a closed hollow container 2 which contains a quantity of a material 10 having a boiling point approximately equal to the desired cathode operating temperature, and which acts as a boiler and condenser for the material when the tube is operating, whereby, due to the cooling of the cathode and the stabilization of the cathode temperature, the power dissipation of the tube is increased. The material 10 may be sodium, potassium, caesium, rubidium, lithium, or an alloy thereof. In the arrangement shown, the container includes a chimney 8 having apertures 9, the portion of the container above the apertures acting as the condenser; the inner wall of the container is grooved as at 2A, or is provided with wire mesh, to assist splashing movement of the boiling liquid and prevent the retention of vapour layers or bubbles; and the container is cooled by radiation to the polepiece 13 which is itself cooled by a circulating coolant in pipe 17. In modified arrangements, the top sealing plate 5 of the container is of conical form and is cooled by the circulation of air or water (Figs. 2 and 3, not shown); the chimney 8 is dispensed with, and the container is in the form of a simple cylinder having a tubular wick of asbestos, ceramic, or stainless steel wires, extending between its two ends to return liquid condensed at one end of the container to the other end by capillary action, whereby the discharge tube may be used in any position (Fig. 4, not shown); and heating resistors mounted either axially within an annular boiler condenser container (21, Fig. 5, not shown), or mounted outside the container (22, Fig. 6, not shown) are provided in the case of tubes which will not start from cold. In arrangements in which forced cooling of the condenser is employed, or if the material 10 is solid at room temperature, the forced cooling must be switched off prior to switching off the discharge tube, or an auxiliary heater must be provided for use during the switching off period, to prevent the material freezing and remaining in the condenser.
Patent GB-1214141-A (GB)
Title: A method and apparatus for continuously determining the quantities of qualitatively known radioactive nuclides in a physical system
IPC: G01T1/178
Filed: 1967-10-06
Abstract: 1,214,141. Solving simultaneous equations. COMITATO NAZIONALE PER L'ENERGIA NUCLEARE. 6 Oct., 1967 [7 Oct., 1966], No. 45860/67. Heading G4G. [Also in Division G1] The respective quantities q 1  . . . q n  of a number (n) of radioactive nuclides in a system is determined by solving n simultaneous equations in q 1  . . . q n  formed by measuring the intensity of radiation from the system in n energy ranges and equating the measured values to the sums of the spectral intensity α h (# k ) in the corresponding energy range of the nuclides weighted by the factors q 1  . . . q n . Gamma (or alpha or beta) rays from the nuclides produces pulses in an NaI scintillation counter 1, which pulses are segregated into energy channels # 1  . . . # n  by threshold circuits 3, and shaped by monostable multivibrators 4. The operational amplifiers 6 receive on one input the signals from ratemeters 5 measuring the pulse rate in each channel and balance this signal with the sum of the signals on their remaining inputs. These remaining inputs receive the outputs of all the operational amplifiers 6 weighted by potentiometers preset in accordance with the factor a h (# k ) which is calculated from tables or obtained experimentally. The values of the quantities appearing at the output of amplifiers 6 may be used to control a process producing the nuclide system.
Patent GB-991198-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to apparatus for detecting the location of an electric line fault
Inventor: RICHARDSON PHILIP
IPC: G01R31/08
Filed: 1962-12-07
Abstract: 991,198. Locating transmission line faults. ASSOCIATED ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. Nov. 18, 1963 [Dec. 7, 1962], No. 46302/62. Heading G1U. In an apparatus for detecting the location of a fault along an A.C. transmission line, a D.C. voltage proportional to the fault current on the line is derived through a transformer 3 and a rectifier 1 and stored by means of a capacitor at a storage location 5. Similarly a rectified voltage related to the voltage on the line is stored at 11. When the voltage in the first store rises above a predetermined level set in a detector 7, this predetermined level corresponding to the normal line current, a switch 9 is operated to activate on integrator 6 which integrates the voltage in the store 5 with respect to time. The switch 9 also opens a gate 10 so as to pass signals from a generator 13 to a counting device 14. The level detector 7 also controls a switch in the input to the second store 11 so that this input is interrupted when the predetermined level is exceeded. The outputs from the integrator 6 and the second store 11 are fed to a comparator 12. When the output from the integrator reaches the voltage value delivered from the store 11 the comparator delivers an output pulse which closes the gate 10 and stops the count. It is shown in the Specification that the time indicated by this count is related to the distance of the fault along the line.
Patent GB-1376624-A (GB)
Title: Fish gutting apparatus
IPC: A22C25/14
Filed: 1971-10-05
Abstract: 1376624 Conveying; eviscerating and washing fish AGRICULTURE FISHERIES & FOOD MINISTER OF 5 Jan 1973 [5 Oct 1971] 46337/71 Heading A2U A machine for gutting flat-fish comprises (a) cutting means, (b) means for applying the cutting means to the fish and (c) means for sensing the size of the fish and controlling the longitudinal and transverse alignment of cutters and fish. In a particular embodiment-Figure 1-fish are carried on turntable 2 under cutting means 12 and sensing means 5, then on to washing nozzle 29 and finally to hook 30 which removes them from the turntable. Turntable 2 has four carriers 1 (one only shown) on which the fish are placed nose-outward. Each carrier is spring-biased outwards on arm 4. Over each carrier is a clamp 27 which is raised and lowered by cam surface 21. When carrier 1 is under sensing means 5, clamp 27 is applied by lowering cam surface 21. Sensing means 5 is lowered over the carrier and moves it inwards against the spring-bias to the correct longitudinal alignment with cutters 12. Transverse alignment is achieved by cam surface 15 mounted on top of sensing means 5; with a large fish, sensing means 5, and consequently cam surface 15, are not lowered as far as they are with a small fish. Thus, arm 13, which carries cutters 12 and is spring-biased against cam surface 15, moves further to the right with a large fish than with a smaller one. (For Figure see next column)
Patent GB-986554-A (GB)
Title: Penicillins
Inventor: BRAIN EDWARD GEORGE
IPC: C07D499/60
Filed: 1962-12-11
Abstract: The invention relates to penicillins of general formula <FORM:0986554/C2/1> and non-toxic salts thereof, where R is a heterocyclic group. Specified are a -hydroxy-2-furylmethyl penicillin, a  - hydroxy - 2 - pyridylmethyl penicillin, a  - hydroxy - 3 - pyridylmethyl penicillin, a  - hydroxy - 3 - thienylmethyl penicillin and a -hydroxy-2-thienylmethyl penicillin.  Typical salts are the sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts, e.g. salts with triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl beta phenethylamine, l-ephenamine, N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine, dehydroabietylamine and N,N1-bis-dehydroabietylethylenediamine. The penicillins are prepared by acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid with an acid of formula <FORM:0986554/C2/2> wherein R is heterocyclic.  Acylation is by means of (a) the acid chloride, acid bromide, azide, acid anhydride or mixed acid anhydride with another carboxylic acid, of the above acids; (b) intermediates formed from the a -hydroxy acid and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or carbonyldiimidazole; and (c) coupling with an O-acyl derivative of the a -hydroxy acid, followed by removal of the acyl group by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis. 2-Furylglycolhydrazide is prepared from methyl 2 - furyl - O - benzoylglycolate and hydrazine hydrate.  3-Thienylglycol hydrazide is similarly prepared.  Pyridyl-2-glycolhydrazide is prepared by esterifying pyridyl-2-glycolic acid with methanolic HCl and then treating with hydrazine hydrate.  2-Thienylglycol hydrazide is prepared by methylation of the corresponding a -hydroxy acid with diazomethane followed by reaction with hydrazine.  The penicillins have antibacterial activity, are stable in acid media and may be administered orally to humans and animals.
Patent GB-1477939-A (GB)
Title: Production of granules
IPC: C11D3/08
Filed: 1975-11-17
Abstract: 1477939 Granules for detergent compositions BENCKISER-KNAPSACK GmbH 17 Nov 1975 [16 Nov 1974] 47329/75 Heading C5D Granules of a mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate and an alkali metal silicate are manufactured by a process which comprises feeding granulated sodium tripolyphosphate, alkali metal silicate and water into the upper end of an inclined cylindrical tube rotating about its longitudinal axis, the granulation mixture being cooled by air flowing in countercurrent to the mixture and the granules being recovered from the lower end of the tube. Sodium silicates in which the molar ratio SiO 2  : Na 2 O is 1 : 1 to 2 : 1 are suitable as the alkali metal silicate. The granules may be used as a component of detergent compositions for the mechanical washing of dishes.
Patent GB-1083585-A (GB)
Title: Tubular wall plug
IPC: F16B13/10
Filed: 1964-11-20
Abstract: 1,083,585. Percussive drills. A. FISCHER. Nov. 20, 1964 [Dec. 18, 1963], No. 47406/64. Heading B4C. [Also in Division F2] A combined wall plug and bit used for making its own hole in masonry comprises a tubular plug 1a having a lower portion 1c which provides a boring head having teeth 3a of varying length and an upper portion having an internal screw thread 2 adapted to receive the externally threaded lower end 5a of the tool 5 of a percussive boring machine. The plug is secured in place in the wall by one or more expansion elements (10, 11) which are driven alone or together into the plug by the percussion tool 5 to spread the head outwards.