Patent GB-800834-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to adding circuits and logical circuits therefor
IPC: H03K19/16
Filed: 1956-06-01
Abstract: 800,834. Digital electric calculating-apparatus. SPERRY RAND CORPORATION. June 1, 1956 [June 3, 1955], No. 16970/56. Class 106 (1). [Also in Group XXXIX] A logical circuit for a digital computer comprises an " adjunctive " logical element which receives on two input terminals electrical pulses corresponding to the true and complementary digital form of two binary numbers A, B obtained from two further logical elements, and supplies to two output terminals signals representing respectively the half addition sum (A B) and the NOT or complementary function (A=B) on simultaneous digits of the two numbers. An " adjunctive " element may be a " conjunctive " element which yields a " 1 " output if both inputs are " 1," or a " disjunctive " element which yields a " 1 " if the inputs are not both " 1 ". Fig. 1 shows a basic logical element (called a " functor ") comprising bistable magnetic cores 10, 11 of material having a substantially rectangular hysteresis loop. A core is magnetized into a " 1 " saturation state by applying a positive pulse to the dotted end of a winding thereon and into the opposite "0" " state by applying a positive pulse to the undotted end of a winding. In the "0" " condition which is produced by applying a positive reset pulse to terminal 18, core 10 is set to " 0 " and core 11 is set to " 1 ". If, subsequently, a current pulse flows between input terminals 19 and 27, it will set core 10 to " 1 " and core 11 to " 0 " to represent the " 1 " condition. When a positive read pulse is applied at 20, the winding 13 or 16 on the core which is set to " 1 " acts as a low impedance so that a " 1 " output signal is produced at the corresponding terminal 21 or 22. The element shown (called a " functor zero "-# 0 , Fig. 4) is conjunctive, and for the " 1 " condition a " 1 " output is produced at " current source " terminal 21 and a " 0" output at " current sink " terminal 22. In a disjunctive element (called " functor one "-f 1 , Fig. 4) for the " 1 " condition a " 0 " output is produced at 21 and a " 1 " output at 22. In the adding circuit shown in Fig. 4, each functor has its upper input terminal (such as 19, Fig. 1) connected to one or more current source output terminal(s) of other functor(s) or to another pulse source, and its lower input terminal (27) connected to one or more current sink output terminal(s) or to earth. The circuit is controlled by four sets of relatively phase-shifted clock pulses (CP1-4) obtained from a 100 Kc. oscillator (Fig. 5, not shown) through a 90 degree phase shifter and two transformers, the clock timing of the reset, input and read operations being indicated by CP numbers such as 3, 1, 2 for functor 49. Series-mode pulse trains representing the two binary numbers A, B to be added are applied from sources 28, 29 to functors 47, 48 to produce the true and complementary digital signals An and A<SP>1</SP>n, Bn and B<SP>1</SP>n. The disjunctive functor 49 produces " equivalence " signal Xn=An<SP>1</SP>Bn<SP>1</SP>+AnBn and signal Xn<SP>1</SP> which are applied together with carry digit signals C<SP>1</SP>n-1, Cn-1 to conjunctive functor 51 to obtain the sum digits #n. The new carry digit Cn is obtained by functors 52, 53 and stored in functor 50 for use with the succeeding number digits. Modifications are described in which the types of functor are changed. The combination of functors 47, 48, 49 and 52 may be used as a half-adder.