Patent GB-1053382-A (GB)
IPC: G01S1/08
Abstract: 1,053,382. Radio navigation; aerials. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. March 6, 1964 [March 13, 1963], No. 9974/63. Headings H4A and H4D. In a radio beacon oppositely phased movements along a straight line of a pair of aerials energized with radio-frequency energy in opposite phase to each other are effected or simulated; in the embodiments simulation by cyclic successive coupling of spaced aerials to a transmitter is utilized and there is also radiated continuously from one or more aerials a wave in phase quadrature with the waves from the pair of aerials. In Fig. 1 (not shown) a linear array of aerials 1 is connected via switching means directly and through a 180-degree phase shifter 7 to the output of a transmitter 6, transmission lines 2 introducing equal or negligible phase shifts. The aerial spacing does not exceed (#/2) cosec # where # is the angle from the normal to the array beyond which utilization of the beacon is not required. Contacts 4, 5 are driven to sweep in opposite directions and cyclically over r all fixed contacts 3 from end to end; the cyclic movement may be sinusoidal or, preferably, in a linear triangular-like manner. The transmitter output is coupled via a 90-degree phase shifter 8 to a central aerial of the array. The net effect of the three waves radiated is to produce a resultant field comprising an amplitude-modulated wave with many sidebands present. At the receiver one sideband is filtered out and utilized for course guidance. For the linear triangular-like cyclic energization at frequency F, and an aerial spacing of about #/2, the relative amplitudes of the sidebands. Fig. 2 (not shown), against equivalent phase deviation of waves from one moving source which is equal to # .AB. sin # where # is the azimuth from the normal to the array. For # = 0 the sideband amplitude is zero and, in order that a receiver can differentiate this condition from a breakdown, amplitude modulation may be applied to the radiation from the fixed point. The switch may have added thereto a further pair of oppositely moving contacts moving over fixed contacts 3 with the same frequency F but differing in time phase from the movement of contacts 4, 5 by 60 degrees; the sideband amplitude at frequency F is increased and the 3F and 9F sideband amplitudes are zero. The 5F and higher sidebands may be removed by reducing the length of the array. Eight separatelymoving sources may be simulated, four radiating a carrier of one phase, their time phases of reciprocating motion being 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees, and the remaining four radiating a carrier in anti-phase and moving in opposite directions to corresponding ones of the first four. The sideband amplitude pattern is thereby modified, Fig. 3 (not shown). Other time phases of reciprocating motion may be utilized, Fig. 5 (not shown). In another embodiment, Figs. 5, 6 (not shown) aerials A 1  ... A 4  simulate two pairs of oppositely-moving sources with a 60-degree time phase difference between the motions; the aerials are spaced slightly less than #/2. The energization of the aerials is as follows:- A 2700 c./s. oscillator feeds a ring-of-six dividers 21 via respective frequency divider 11 (¸ 5) to afford a frequency F = 90 c./s. The X 1 . .. X 6  pulse outputs enable the output of transmitter 13 to pass to the array by means of shunt switching diodes a 1 , a 1 <SP>1</SP> &c. in four bridge circuits X; each bridge circuit consists of resonant lines in a square, the oppositecorner connections being made via the shunt switching diodes. To avoid a short-circuit of the transmitter output when, e.g. pulses X 2 , X 3  are scheduled to switch both diodes of two bridge circuits the transmitter is blocked or made to feed into a matched load. Aerials A 2 , A 3  are also excited continuously in phase quadrature with simulated sources and this excitation is amplitude-modulated at 90 c./s. such that this modulation adds to that produced by the simulated source movement on one side of the horizontal normal to the array and subtracts therefrom on the other side thereof- Simultaneously with the simulated sources moving at 90 c./s., two more pairs of sources moving at 150 c./s. are simulated utilizing frequency divider 14 (¸ 3), ring-of-six divider 15, and bridge circuits Y; a 150 c./s. amplitude modulation is superimposed on that at 90 c./s. on the carrier fed continuously to aerials A 2  and A 3  but so phased that it adds to and subtracts from that due to the simulated moving sources oppositely to that in the 90 c./s. case. Bridge circuits Z are included so that each aerial may be fed from either bridge circuit X or Y or both simultaneously. Thus at the craft a cooperating receiver detects equal signals when on the normal to the array, and on one side thereof the 90 c./s. signal predominates whereas on the other side thereof the 150 c./s. signal predominates. Extension of this embodiment to a linear array of twelve aerials is described.