Patent GB-974815-A (GB)
Title: Vulcanising process
IPC: C08L21/00
Filed: 1961-11-29
Abstract: A mixture of butyl sulphur and one or more other elastomers, natural or synthetic vulcanisable in the presence of sulphur, is heated to 70 to 250 DEG C. in the presence of from 0.1 to 10% based on the mixture of elastomers, of a halide of a metal of Group IIa, IIb, IIIa or IIIb or a halide of a heavy metal or a mixture of precursors therefor and the resulting mixture is vulcanised in the presence of a vulcanising agent. Specified elastomers are copolymers of butadiene and/or isoprene with acrylonitrite or styrene, polychloroprene polybutadiene, polyisoprene and natural rubber.  The metal halide may be zinc, iron or stannous chloride. The metal halide may be produced in situ by the reaction of one or more halogen-donors with one or more metal oxides or metal salts of weak acids of metals of Group IIa, IIb, IIIa or IIIb or heavy metals-the metal donor may be a polymer or copolymer of vinyl and/or vinylidene chloride, polychloroprene, chlorinated or brominated butyl rubber, a halogenation or chlorosulphonation product of a polyolefin, a colloidal mixture of polyvinyl chloride with an acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, a chlorination product of a paraffinic hydrocarbon, benzyl chloride, benzal-dichloride, benzl-trichloride or a homologue thereof, lauroyl, oleyl, stearyl or benzoyl chloride, or N-bromosuccinimide or N-bromo-phthalimide, while the salt may be of formic, acetic, lauric, stearic, benzoic or carbonic acid. A filler e.g. carbon black may also be present.  The vulcanising agent may be sulphur in the presence of a vulcanisation accelerator or may be a phenolic resin. Specified resins are the condensation products of a bi-nuclear phenol with formaldehyde with etherification of the initially formed polymethylol compounds-diphenol containing the two hydroxy groups in the p-p1 position are especially preferred. Other suitable phenol resins may be prepared by reacting with an aldehyde, monohydric phenols in which two of the three positions, o-, m, and p-, to the phenolic hydroxy group, preferably the two other positions are free for substitution. These phenols may be used as solutions in such solvents as butanol, benzene, toluene, xylene, or more preferably, mineral oils, aliphatic or aromatic polyethers, esters of polybasic carboxylic acids, polygylcols, or polyhydric alcohols. The reaction products of substituted phenolic resins and a metal halide, as described in Specification 880,756, may also be used as vulcanising agents. The usual vulcanisation accelerators may be used if the vulcanisation is carried out using sulphur.  In a modification a mixture of the butyl rubber and the natural or synthetic rubber and a metal halide is vulcanised without being preheated prior to vulcanisation. Here, however, the halide is other than (1) zinc chloride or the precursors of a zinc halide, of butyl rubber is convulcanised with a high unsaturation rubber of Wijs number above 200 in the presence of a polymethylol hydrocarbon substituted phenol resin and other than (11) a heavy metal halide and the precursor for zinc chloride if a mixture of butyl rubber, a rubbery copolymer of a onjugated diene of 4 to 8 carbon atoms and a vinyl monomer, and 2-6-dimethylol -4- hydrocarbon substituted phenol is vulcanised. The process of the parent Specification using a polychloroprene as the halogen-containing substance is disclaimed.  Specification 409,397 also is referred to.