baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20090069749-A (KR)
Title: In suit fabricated leaning retaining wall and construction method of the same
Inventor: KOO HO BON
IPC: E02D17/20
Filed: 2007-12-26
Abstract: A field prefabricated retaining wall and a construction method thereof are able to adjust the angle of the retaining wall according to the collapsed shape of the stone spot cut-slope. A field prefabricated retaining wall comprises a pressing part(210) which is rectangular-board shaped, an upper coupling part(230) which protrudes from the top of the pressing part, wherein the top base aperture(231) is formed in the horizontal direction, a wallboard segment(200) comprising a lower coupling unit(220) wherein a lower coupling hoie(221) is formed in the horizontal direction, a wallboard wherein the wallboard segments are horizontally and vertically placed in the cut-slope, a coupling rod(300) including a steel rod which is coupled with the upper and lower coupling holes, and a concrete filler which is formed in the rear surface of the wallboard.
Patent KR-20090069779-A (KR)
Title: The soundproof panel in which the reinforcement rod is equipped
Inventor: LEE DAE YONG
IPC: E01F8/00
Filed: 2007-12-26
Abstract: A soundproof plate with a reinforcement rod is provided to widen pillar interval in which soundproof plates are installed and to reduce stacked frequency of each soundproof plate and to cut down on installation cost. A soundproof plate(10) with a reinforcement rod comprises a front panel(100) whereof the top and bottom are rearwards curve-cut and a protrusion is forward curve-cut, a rear panel(200) whereof the top and bottom are forward curve-cut and a protrusion is rearward curve-cut in the height direction and which comprises a rectangular closed cross section with front panel, a left lateral panel(300) which forma the left surface of rear panel and front panel which are combined, a right lateral panel(400) which forms the right surface of rear panel and front panel which are combined, and a plurality of reinforcement rods(500) which are fastened to the left and right lateral panels.
Patent KR-20090070340-A (KR)
Title: Flash memory device and method for manufacturing the device
Inventor: YOON CHUL JIN
IPC: H01L21/8247
Filed: 2007-12-27
Abstract: A flash memory device and a method for manufacturing the device are provided to use a high voltage element of a flash memory device by increasing a coupling ratio of a cell through forming a floating gate as a spacer. A gate oxide film(50) is formed by performing photographing and an etching a semiconductor substrate where an element isolation region and an active region are defined. A first polysilicon is evaporated on the etched semiconductor substrate, and a floating gate is formed as a spacer on the side wall of the gate oxide film by performing a blanket etch of the first polysilicon. A dielectric layer(120) is formed on the front of the semiconductor including the floating gate, and a second poly-silicon is formed on the dielectric layer. A control gate is formed by etching a second polysilicon and a dielectric layer by using a control gate as an etch mask to expose the gate oxide and the floating gate.
Patent KR-20090071025-A (KR)
Title: Lcd driver ic and method for operating the same
Inventor: MIN KYUNG WON
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 2007-12-27
Abstract: An LCD driver IC and a method for operating the same are provided to remove an offset voltage level by outputting offset having different polarity according to a clock for one frame. In an LCD driver IC and a method for operating the same, a rail-to-rail input terminal(110) has an input terminal of a transistor. In the rail to rail input terminal, a signal region in which an amplifier manages a voltage is decreased as the power voltage is decreased. An output terminal(120) of a Class AB configuration supplies a certain current regardless of a bias current of the input terminal. The output terminal of the class AB configuration includes a summing circuit supplying a constant current in regardless of input terminal bias current by being biased by a floating current source.
Patent KR-20090071776-A (KR)
Title: Ceiling attachment-type lamp having cover fitting bracket
Inventor: CHOI CHANG HEE
IPC: F21V17/10
Filed: 2007-12-28
Abstract: A ceiling lamp is provided to easily perform construction and deconstruction of a cover plate by reducing a length of the cover plate as a half of a length of a lamp main body. A ceiling lamp(1) includes a lamp main body(2), a cover plate(8), and a cover plate holder(a). The cover plate holder is installed on a central line of a longitudinal direction of the lamp main body. A fixing bracket(3) is arranged in both sides of the cover plate holder. A fixing plate(6) is inserted to concave grooves(4,5) of the fixing bracket. A cover plate insertion hole(7) is formed on the fixing plate into zigzag. One end of the cover plate is inserted to the cover plate insertion hole of the fixing plate. The other end of the cover plate is fixed by a fixing bolt. A decoration plate(10) is inserted to a space part of the fixing bracket.
Patent KR-20090073305-A (KR)
Title: Remote controlling apparatus for electric power supplying
Inventor: KIM PIL SOO
IPC: H04Q9/02
Filed: 2007-12-31
Abstract: A remote controlling apparatus for electric power supplying is provided to save energy, prevent a fire, and increase the efficiency of management by setting appropriate delaying time for operation. A frequency oscillator(12) oscillates a frequency signal as a shut-off signal. A transmission unit(13) transmits the shut-off signal oscillated from the frequency oscillator externally. A MICOM(14) delivers the delay time determined by a user to the transmission unit. A delay time display unit(15) aurally or visually informs the administrator of the delay time determined with MICOM. A receiver(21) receives the frequency signal outputted in the transmission unit. A detector(22) reads out whether the frequency signal is the shut-off signal or not. A blocking switch(23) blocks the power source if the read result at the detector is proven as the shut-off signal.
Patent KR-20070032002-A (KR)
IPC: G02F1/133
Filed: 2005-07-08
Abstract: 스캐닝 라인 구동부 및 데이터 라인 구동부 중 하나 이상은: 순서대로 전달 신호들을 출력하기 위한 시프트 레지스터, 전달 신호의 펄스 폭보다 작은 제 1 펄스 폭을 가진 제 1 인에이블 신호들의 다수의 시리즈를 공급하기 위한 제 1 인에이블 공급 라인, 제 1 펄스 폭보다 작은 제 2 펄스 폭을 가진 제 2 인에이블 신호들의 하나의 시리즈를 공급하기 위한 제 2 인에이블 공급 라인, 및 전달 신호들, 제 1 및 제 2 인에이블 신호들을 수신하기 위한 펄스 폭 제한 회로를 포함한다.     펄스 폭 제한 회로는 개별적 제 1 인에이블 신호들에 기초해서 입력 전달 신호들의 각각의 펄스를 형상화하는 것에 의해서 제 1 펄스 폭으로 전달 신호들의 펄스 폭을 제한하며, 제 2 인에이블 신호에 기초해서 제 1 펄스 폭으로 제한된 후에 전달 신호들의 모든 펄스들을 형상화하는 것에 의해서 제 2 펄스 폭으로 전달 신호들의 펄스 폭을 제한한다. 
       
     인에이블 신호, 펄스 폭, 전달 신호
Patent KR-20070031393-A (KR)
IPC: A01N59/16
Filed: 2005-07-12
Abstract: 유기계 항균제와 무기계 항균제를 함유하는 항균성 조성물이며, 무기계 항균제로서 은 또는 구리를 담지한 인산 지르코늄 또는 그 염을, 유기계 항균제로서 2-메르캅토피리딘-N-옥사이드나트륨, 카르벤다짐(1H-2-벤조이미다졸카르바민산 메틸), 티아벤다졸(2-(4-티아졸릴)-1H-벤조이미다졸) 을 사용할 수 있고, 이들 성분은 할로겐을 함유하지 않기 때문에, 항균성 조성물을 할로겐리스로 할 수 있다.     이 항균성 조성물은 수지 재료와 함께 성형하거나, 도포제와 함께 수지 성형체에 도포하는 등에 의해 항균성 성형체로서 적용할 수 있다.
Patent KR-20070043810-A (KR)
Inventor: YAMAMOTO HIROSHI
IPC: H01L51/30
Filed: 2005-06-20
Abstract: 본 발명은 화학식 I의 화합물, 이의 제조방법 및 색 변화 매체, 고체 염료 레이저 및 전계 발광 디바이스에서 형광 추적자로서 잉크, 착색제, 칼라 플라스틱, 코팅액, 비충격 인쇄 물질, 칼라 필터, 화장품, 중합체성 잉크 입자, 토너의 제조시 이의 용도에 관한 것이다.  본 발명에 따르는 조성물을 포함하는 발광 디바이스는 전기 에너지 이용 효율이 높고 휘도가 높다. 
     착색된 고분자량 유기 물질, 전계 발광 디바이스, 형광 추적자, 형광 퀴나크리돈
Patent KR-20070041739-A (KR)
Inventor: BLANKENSHIP YUFEI W
IPC: H04K1/10
Filed: 2005-07-07
Abstract: 적응 변조 및 코딩을 사용하는 멀티-캐리어 통신 시스템에서, 수신기(600)는 각 서브캐리어에 대한 개별 품질 리포트를 송신하는 것 대신에 "빈(bin)된" 그룹의 서브캐리어들에 대한 채널 품질 정보(501)를 피드백시킨다.  송신기(100)는 빈에 대한 채널 품질 정보를 활용하여 한 세트의 변조 및 코딩 스킴 후보들(503)에 대응하는 한 세트의 γ eff 값(505) -상기 γ eff 값은 AWGN 채널에서 동일 FER을 양산하는 유효 SNR임- 을 결정할 것이다.  송신기는 변조 및 코딩 스킴을 결정하는데 도움이 되는 한 세트의 γ eff 값을 활용하여, 채널내의 모든 서브캐리어들에 대한 단일 변조 및 코딩 스킴(507)을 결정한다. 
     채널 품질 결정 장치. 멀티-캐리어 통신 시스템, 변조 및 코딩 스킴, 서브캐리어
Patent KR-20070083492-A (KR)
Title: Exposure apparatus, exposure method and device manufacturing method
Inventor: OKADA TAKAYA
IPC: H01L21/027
Filed: 2005-12-02
Abstract: An exposure apparatus (EX) exposes a substrate (W) by irradiating the substrate (W) with exposure light (EL) through a projection optical system (PL). The projection optical system (PL) is provided with a first optical element (LS1) which is closest to an image plane of the projection optical system (PL), and a second optical element (LS2) which is second closest to the image plane after the first optical element (LS1). The exposure apparatus (EX) is provided with a liquid immersion mechanism (2) for filling a first space (K1) on a side of a lower plane (T3) of the second optical element (LS2) with a liquid (LQ), a gas replacing apparatus (3) for filling a second space (K2) on a side of an upper plane (T4) of the second optical element (LS2) with a gas, and a controller (CONT) for adjusting a pressure difference between a pressure of the liquid (LQ) of the first space (K1) and a pressure of the gas in the second space (K2).
Patent KR-20070047314-A (KR)
Inventor: UEDA MASATO
IPC: C08G61/10
Filed: 2005-07-27
Abstract: 본 발명의 고분자 화합물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 반복 단위와 화학식 2로 표시되는 반복 단위를 포함하고, 폴리스티렌 환산의 수 평균 분자량이 10 3  내지 10 8 인 것을 특징으로 한다. 
     <화학식 1> 
     
       
     
     <화학식 2> 
     
       
     
     식 중, Ar 1  및 Ar 2 는 각각 독립적으로 3가의 방향족 탄화수소기 또는 3가의 복소환기를 나타내고, X 1  및 X 2 는 각각 독립적으로 O, S, C(=O), S(=O), SO 2  등을 나타내며, X 1 과 X 2 는 동일하지 않고, Y는 O, S를 나타내며, R 9 는 할로겐 원자, 알킬기, 알킬옥시기 등을 나타내고, m은 0 또는 1를 나타내며, n은 1 내지 6의 정수를  나타내고, o는 1 내지 6의 정수를 나타내며, p는 0 내지 2의 정수를 나타낸다. 
       
     고분자 화합물, 고분자 박막, 고분자 박막 소자
Patent KR-20070050934-A (KR)
Inventor: KRAUSE WERNER
IPC: A61K39/395
Filed: 2005-07-28
Abstract: 본 발명은 T-세포가 더이상 HIV 세포에 의해 공격당할 수 없도록 T-세포 고갈 또는 T-세포 변형을 이용하여 조절된 방식으로 면역계를 중단시킬 수 있는 치료제를 환자에게 투여하는 것을 포함하는 HIV 감염의 치료 방법을 제공한다.  T-세포 고갈제 또는 T-세포 변형제는 단독으로 또는 '종래의' 항-HIV 약물과 함께 투여된다. 
       
     HIV, AIDS, 알렘투주마브, 레버세트, T-세포 고갈제, T-세포 변형제
Patent KR-20070058476-A (KR)
Title: Waterproof and breathable sole for shoes
Inventor: POLEGATO MORETTI MARIO
IPC: A43B7/12
Filed: 2005-07-25
Abstract: A waterproof and breathable sole (10, 100, 200, 300) for shoes, which has a structure that comprises a lower layer (12, 112, 212, 312), which has at least one large through hole (13, 113, 313). Above the lower layer (12, 112, 212, 312), there is a mesh (15, 115, 315), arranged substantially so as to overlap at least the large through hole (13, 113, 313). A membrane (18,118, 318) made of a material that is impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor is associated in an upward region with respect to the mesh (15, 115, 315) at least at the large hole (13, 113, 313). The membrane (18, 118, 318) is joined hermetically at least perimetrically to at least one component of the sole (10, 100, 200, 300) in such a manner as to avoid the rise of liquids through the perimeter of the large hole (13, 113, 313). A perforated upper layer (20, 120, 320) is arranged above the membrane (18, 118, 318). The lower layer (12, 112, 212, 312) is overmolded on the mesh (15, 115, 315) and partially incorporates it.
Patent KR-20070047839-A (KR)
Inventor: AMREIN KURT
IPC: C07D407/12
Filed: 2005-09-21
Abstract: 본 발명은 약학 조성물의 형태로 사용할 수 있는 하기 화학식 I의 화합물, 및 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염 및 에스터에 관한 것이다: 
     화학식 I 
     
       
     
     상기 식에서,  
     R 1  내지 R 7 은 상세한 설명 및 청구의 범위에서 나타낸 의미를 갖는다. 
     화학식 I의 화합물은 11β-하이드록시스테로이드 데하이드로게나제 1(11β-HSD1) 억제제이다.
Patent KR-20070061854-A (KR)
Title: Diphenylethylene compounds and uses thereof
Inventor: MULLER GEORGE W
IPC: A61K31/18
Filed: 2005-08-31
Abstract: The present invention relates to Diphenylethylene Compounds and compositions comprising a Diphenylethylene Compound. The present invention also relates to methods for preventing or treating various diseases and disorders by administering to a subject in need thereof one or more Diphenylethylene Compounds. In particular, the invention relates to methods for preventing or treating cancer or an inflammatory disorder by administering to a subject in need thereof one or more Diphenylethylene Compounds. The present invention further relates to articles of manufacture and kits comprising one or more Diphenylethylene Compounds.
Patent KR-20070084181-A (KR)
Title: Method for manufacturing semiconductor integrated circuit device
Inventor: MATSUMOTO HIDEYUKI
IPC: H01L21/66
Filed: 2004-11-18
Abstract: To eliminate problems of a thin film sheet (2) being buried in a card holder and that a probe (7) cannot be surely brought into contact with a test pad due to the thickness increase of the card holder to prevent warpage of a multilayer wiring board (1), the thin film sheet (2) and an adhesive ring (6) are bonded in a condition where a tensile force is applied only on a center area IA of the thin film sheet (2), and as a structure which does not apply a tensile force to outer circumference area OA, a height up to a probe plane of the thin film sheet (2) is increased by increasing the height of the adhesive ring (6) which specifies the height of the thin film sheet (2) up to the probe plane.
Patent KR-20070090889-A (KR)
Title: Light reflecting mirror, method for manufacturing such light reflecting mirror and projector
Inventor: OKURA TAKAHIRO
IPC: G03B21/18
Filed: 2005-11-02
Abstract: A light reflecting mirror, which can be easily manufactured by using a light-weight and low-cost plastic base material and has a high reflectance, and a method for manufacturing such light reflecting mirror. In the light reflecting mirror, a reflecting film (52) containing silver is formed on a surface of the plastic base material (50) whose thermal deformation temperature is 130°C or higher. The plastic base material (50) is a thermosetting resin molding, the surface of the reflecting film is a smooth plane having a PV (peak to valley) value of 0.5Vm or less without a sharp angle protrusion, and further, the reflectance of the reflecting film surface is 96% or more.
Patent KR-20070084590-A (KR)
Title: System for diagnosing impedances having accurate current source and accurate voltage level-shift
Inventor: DE LANGEN KLAAS JAN
IPC: G01R27/20
Filed: 2005-10-28
Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for measuring a capacitor (C). A current source (12) is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C) between a supply plane (Vc) and ground (VGND) for providing a current to the capacitor (C). A voltage level-shift is connected between the supply plane(Vc)and the ground (VGND) in parallel to the capacitor (C) and in parallel to the current source (I2). The voltage level-shift senses a voltage across the electronic component (C) and provides a level-shifted output voltage Vout in dependence thereupon. The voltage level-shift comprises a resistor (RI) connected in series with a current source (II) and an output port interposed between the resistor (RI) and the current source (I,). The current sources (I,) and (12) have opposite temperature coefficients such that the current provided to the electronic component is substantially constant.
Patent KR-20070097489-A (KR)
Title: 3,6-bicyclolides
Inventor: OR YAT SUN
IPC: C07D493/08
Filed: 2005-12-06
Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof (I), which exhibit antibacterial properties. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject in need of antibiotic treatment. The invention also relates to methods of treating a bacterial infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention. The invention further includes process by which to make the compounds of the present invention.
Patent KR-20070099594-A (KR)
Title: Non-inertial release safety restraint belt buckle
Inventor: BENEDICT CHARLES E
IPC: A44B99/00
Filed: 2005-12-16
Abstract: Body restraint systems for vehicles that include buckles for latching and retaining latch plates associated with safety belts. The buckle of each system includes a pair of oppositely biased latching mechanisms that are operative in such a manner that an inertial force applied to release one latching mechanism from a latch plate inserted within the buckle creates an opposite and equal force against the opposite latching mechanism to thereby positively retain in the latch plate within the buckle in a locked position. Release of a latch plate can only occur upon the simultaneous movement of both of the oppositely biased latching mechanisms away from one another by application of manual force on a slide release member.
Patent KR-20070087010-A (KR)
Title: Printhead module
Inventor: BIBL ANDREAS
IPC: B41J2/16
Filed: 2005-12-16
Abstract: A printhead module includes a printhead body (102), a nozzle plate (110) and one or more piezoelectric actuators (120). The printhead body includes one or more pumping chambers (104), where each pumping chamber includes a receiving end to receive a printing liquid from a printing liquid supply and an ejecting end for ejecting the printing liquid from the pumping chamber. The nozzle plate includes one or more nozzles (112) formed through the nozzle plate. Each nozzle can be in fluid communication with a pumping chamber and receive printing liquid from the ejecting from the nozzle. The one or more piezoelectric actuators are connected to the nozzle plate. A piezoelectric actuator is positioned over each pumping chamber and includes a piezoelectric material configured to deflect and pressurized the pumping chamber, so as to eject printing liquid from a corresponding nozzle in fluid communicaiton with the ejecting end of the pumping chamber.
Patent KR-20070100292-A (KR)
Title: Valve event reduction through operation of a fast-acting camshaft phaser
Inventor: ROTH DAVID
IPC: F01L1/34
Filed: 2006-01-18
Abstract: A VCT system for an engine with at least one camshaft comprising: a housing, a rotor, and a controlled bypass valve. The controlled bypass provides fluid communication between the chambers. When the controlled bypass valve is closed, the valve blocks passage between the chambers and when the valve is open, fluid flows through the passage extending between the advance and the retard chamber, allowing the phaser to be rapidly actuated to a full retard position prior to peak valve lift, which then causes the camshaft torque, oil pressure or a combination of both to rapidly advance the camshaft during the closing half of the valve event or zero lift.
Patent KR-20070094843-A (KR)
Title: Processor
Inventor: TANAKA TETSUYA
IPC: G06F9/32
Filed: 2006-03-07
Abstract: A processor (100) comprises an ordinary instruction buffer (122) for storing and feeding one or more instructions fetched from an instruction cache (10), a TAR instruction buffer (123) for storing the one or more instructions fetched from the instruction cache (10) and feeding them secondarily, a selector (121) for selecting either the ordinary instruction buffer (122) or the TAR instruction buffer (123) as an instruction feeding source, and an instruction fetch control unit (102) for fetching, in case a TAR filling instruction is executed, one or more instruction specified by the TAR filling instruction, and for controlling the selector (121) to select the TAR instruction buffer (123), in case the one or more fetched instructions are repeatedly fed, thereby to feed an instruction through the selector (121) from the TAR instruction buffer (123).
Patent KR-20070107064-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for drying coated sheet material
Inventor: PAULSON JACK ERIC
IPC: B29C41/34
Filed: 2006-02-10
Abstract: Apparati and methods of drying a dope material are disclosed. Example embodiments include a foraminous shield disposed over a casting solution.
Patent KR-20070116065-A (KR)
Title: Hand held electronic device with multiple touch sensing devices
Inventor: KERR DUNCAN R
IPC: G06F3/033
Filed: 2006-03-02
Abstract: Hand held devices with multiple touch sensing devices are disclosed. The touch sensing devices may for example be selected from touch panels, touch screens or touch sensitive housings.
Patent KR-20070118636-A (KR)
Title: Interpolated frame deblocking operation frame rate up conversion application
Inventor: SHI FANG
IPC: H04N19/895
Filed: 2006-03-10
Abstract: A method and apparatus to enhance the quality of interpolated video, constructed from decompressed video data, comprising denoising the interpolated video data, is described. A low pass filter is used to filter the interpolated video data. In one embodiment, the level of filtering of the low pass filter is determined based on a boundary strength value determined for the interpolated video data and neighboring video data (interpolated and/or non-interpolated). In one aspect of this embodiment, the boundary strength is determined based on proximity of reference video data for the interpolated video data and the neighboring video data.
Patent KR-20080011161-A (KR)
Title: Two-piece side and floor panel arrangement for box assembly
Inventor: MCNULTY FRANK G
IPC: B62D33/06
Filed: 2006-01-19
Abstract: A vehicle box assembly (210) having a horizontal floor (211), and upright side panels (211) adjacent opposite side edges of the floor. The floor (211) and side panels (212) are defined by two similar L-shaped members each defining one of the side panels (212) and each defining a floor section (216) integrally and monolithically joined to the respective side panel (217) and extending generally perpendicularly therefrom. The floor sections (216) of the two panel members have lengthwise-extending edge flanges (224) which are joined together in the lengthwise extent of the floor. The panel members are preferably roll-formed so that the floor section has a transversely protruding reinforcing rib (221) extending lengthwise thereof, and the side panel has a channel-like edge rail extending lengthwise along the free edge thereof. The panel members each have a wheel well opening (228) formed therein. The panel members are transversely bent along a lengthwise region to define the L-shape.
Patent KR-20070118291-A (KR)
Title: Circular knitting of elastic fabrics containing an elastomeric yarn
Inventor: CHUANG CHENG YUAN
IPC: D04B1/18
Filed: 2006-03-31
Abstract: Circular knit, elastic fabrics (10) of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece are disclosed that include a bare elastomeric material (12) plated with spun and/or continuous filament hard yarns (14). The circular knit, elastic fabrics of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece are manufactured by a method that does not require a dry heat setting step. The method requires drafting the bare elastomeric material no more than about 2.5x its original length when knitting to form the circular knit, elastic fabrics of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece.
Patent KR-20080006579-A (KR)
Title: Mems sensor and production method
Inventor: SCHRANK FRANZ
IPC: H04R19/00
Filed: 2007-01-10
Abstract: Disclosed is a capacitively operating MEMS sensor which is disposed on a basic chip and is provided with a structured layered design that is applied to the basic chip. A recess is which the movable electrode, e.g. a membrane, is arranged is created within the layered design. A covering layer which rests upon the layered design around the recess and encompasses the back electrode spans the recess.
Patent KR-20080012321-A (KR)
Title: Identical/symmetrical metal shielding
Inventor: MCGRATH ROBERT DANIEL
IPC: H01L27/146
Filed: 2006-05-31
Abstract: An image sensor includes a unit cell having a plurality of pixels; the unit cell having a plurality of photodetectors having two or more subsets in which each subset has a physical shape which is different than the other subset; and light-shielding layers that create an aperture associated with each photodetector; wherein the light-shielding layers are positioned so that any physical translation of the light-shielding layers with respect to the photodetectors creates a substantially equal change in optical response of the photodetectors.