Patent GB-646982-A (GB)
Title: An improved manufacture of gaseous or vaporous fuels from carbonaceous materials andmeans for generating heat therefrom
IPC: C10J3/46
Filed: 1946-09-06
Abstract: 646,982. Carbonization and gasification. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. Sept. 6, 1946, No. 26907. [Class 55 (i) ] A process for the carbonization and/or gasification of carbonaceous materials in a fluidized state, wherein the heat required is supplied, at least in part, by feeding back to the treatment chamber the hot solid residues from a combustion chamber which is fed with the residues from the treatment chamber, is characterized by the restriction of free circulation of the solids in the treatment chamber by means of at least one substantially horizontal perforated plate, a valveless connection between the sections separated by the plate permitting descent of the solids in counter flow to the fluidizing gas. As shown, a number of plates 3 divide the treatment chamber 2 into sections, connected by passages 17 which, with the selected particle size and gas velocity, may be designed to establish on each plate 3 a dense bed of solids with a defined surface over which is formed a dilute phase of solid fines suspended in the gas; or alternatively, the entire chamber 2 may be filled with a substantially uniform mass of fluidized solids. If the particle size and the perforation size are properly co-related, the passages 17 may be dispensed with. The chamber 2 is fed through the pipe 1 and fluidizing gas is supplied through the pipe 7. Solid residues are withdrawn through the pipe 16. mixed with air in the line 18, and supplied to the bottom space of a combustion chamber 25 which is divided by perforated plates 27. As combustion proceeds, solids of decreasing carbon concentration are carried upwards from section to section and are withdrawn through lines 38, 42. The residues of low carbon content in the line 38 are partly rejected at 40, and partly supplied through pipe 39 to the upper part of the chamber 2, whilst the residues of somewhat higher carbon content in the line 42 are partly rejected at 43 and partly supplied through pipe 44 to the lower part of the chamber 2. Normally, additional oxidizing gas is supplied to the upper part of the combustion chamber through a line 30 and the carbon content of the residue leaving the combustion zone may be further decreased by an addition, through the line 32, of non-carbonaceous solids, e.g. sand, ash, clay, or solids which assist the combustion catalytically, e.g. iron oxide, iron ore, high-iron clays, or mixtures thereof. If it is necessary to lower the temperature of the low-carbon solids before supplying them to the chamber 2, a part of the solids in the line 38 is led. by a line 46, with fluidizing air from 48, through a heat-withdrawing device, e.g. a steam boiler or heater 50, the cooled solids being returned to the upper part of the combustion chamber through the line 30. The steam from the boiler 50 may be led by a pipe 52 to the bottom of the chamber 2. Two or more chambers 2 may be associated with a single combustion chamber 25. e.g. one chamber 2 for carbonization, feeding with its residues another chamber 2 for gasification. Specifications 590,882, 639,120, 640,699 are referred to.