baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-654174-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to circuits for detecting frequency-modulated oscillations
IPC: H03D3/24
Filed: 1947-12-18
Abstract: 654,174. Frequency modulation. PHILIPS ELECTRICAL, Ltd. Dec. 18, 1947, No. 33460. Convention date, Nov. 2, 1946. [Class 40 (v)] A frequency modulation receiver uses a resonant circuit which follows the frequency deviation of the incoming wave by automatic adjustment of a reactor in the circuit, and the signal is detected by rectifying the amplitude-modulated oscillations traversing the reactor. The resonant circuit may be maintained in oscillation by a back-coupled valve or may be a passive frequency-discriminating circuit. In Fig. 1, the resonant circuit 6 is associated with a valve oscillator 2, the output of which is applied, together with the incoming FM wave 1, to a phase discriminator 3. The output coil 4 of the discriminator is wound on the core of a coil 5 connected across the tuned circuit 7, 8 of the oscillator, thus causing the local oscillation to. follow the deviation of the FM wave. Amplitude-modulated oscillations through the coil 5 are rectified by the transformer 9 and rectifier 10, giving the desired signal across the resistor 11 feeding the audio amplifier 12. The effects of unavoidable resistance in the coil 5 are compensated by feeding current of opposite phase from the valve anode through a resistor 14 to the transformer 9. The coil 5 may be in series with the main coil 7, and the transformer 9 may be connected across. the coil 5, Fig. 2 (not shown). In Fig. 3 a valve reactor 5 replaces the coil reactor, and the discriminator output is applied to the valve grid. The signal is obtained by rectifying at 10 the amplitudemodulated oscillations traversing the valve 5 and transformer 9. The effect of the resistance 20 and capacity 21 of the valve 5 is neutralized by connecting the anode of the oscillator 2 through a reversely-coupled coil 18 to a simulating network 31, 32. In Fig. 4, the quadrature voltage fed to the grid of the valve 5 is amplified therein and applied to the grid of a separate reactor valve 19. In another arrangement, Fig. 5 (not shown), a passive series-tuned circuit replaces the oscillator valve 2, and the F.M. input is applied to the phase discriminator 3 across two networks, one of which includes the series-tuned circuit. The discriminator output controls a reactor in the series-tuned circuit, and voltages across this reactor are rectified to provide the signal. In Fig. 6, the F.M. input is applied to a series-tuned circuit 5, 7, 8, 22 through a resistor 1 and the voltage across the circuit is rectified by the valve 3, the anode circuit of which includes a coil 4 which varies the reactance of the reactor 5. Voltages across this reactor are rectified by the diode 10 to provide the output signal at 12. The reactor may comprise a condenser with a crystalline dielectric to give a capacity variable with the applied voltage. The oscillations produced by the local oscillator may have their frequency multiplied or changed by heterodyning, before being compared with the incoming wave. Specifications 528,152, 531,779, 609,970 and 619,085 are referred to.
Patent GB-461770-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to wheeled vehicles or trolleys
IPC: B62B1/10
Filed: 1935-12-04
Abstract: 461,770. Hand trucks. BINNIE, J. A. W. Dec. 4, 1935, No. 335527 [Class 108 (i)] A trolley is provided with means for supporting a roll of a materal to be laid, a guide roller over which the material passes and ground wheels for transporting and also for bearing on the material when the trolley is used for laying the material on the ground. As shown the frame 1 is provided with an axle for the roll of material, a guide roller 3 and a wheel axle 4. A rest bar 5 may be provided.
Patent GB-647872-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electric connector blocks and socket contact therefor
Inventor: BURGESS FRANK HENRY
IPC: H01R13/20
Filed: 1948-12-31
Abstract: 647,872. Two-part couplings. CRABTREE & CO., Ltd., J. A. Dec. 31, 1948, No. 33581. [Class 38 (i)] A connector block b has partitions b2 providing recesses in which are retained socket contacts comprising two metal clamp members k, k1 furnishing a rectangular socket for receiving a ferrule n on a cable and formed with ribs m to engage a groove n1 in the ferrule, a screw f serving to tighten the clamp members k, k1 on the ferrule and a spring h to maintain resilient pressure thereon when the screw is loosened. The socket may be formed from a U-shaped channel k and a flat plate k1, and two such sockets may be mounted on a single screw, in which case the channels are disposed in opposed relation and separated by the flat plates to provide a double tier socket, Fig. 6 (not shown), the screw passing through a central hole in the clamps to provide two socket contacts to each clamp. A thin flexible lid o is sprung into recesses p in projections f in the block ends, the thickness of the ends b1 of the partitions being reduced to save weight. The Provisional Specification states also. that the partitions may be of gradually reducing thickness from their centres to their outer ends.
Patent GB-1426487-A (GB)
Title: Comparator for coded signals represented by a pressure of fluid
IPC: F15C7/00
Filed: 1973-07-13
Abstract: 1426487 Fluidic elements J GACHOT and S LEKARSKI 13 July 1973 [4 Aug 1972] 33623/73 Heading G4P A digital comparator comprises a pair of blocks separated by at least one flexible membrane.. Each block is pierced by a row of ducts which open towards the membrane. Fluid pressure representing a first signal is applied to one of the ducts in one block and deforms the membrane, so that fluid passes between the membrane and this block towards two output ducts adjacent the ends of the row of ducts. Flow to one or ether output duct is prevented by deformation of the membrane by fluid pressure applied to one of the ducts in the other block and representing a second signal to be compared with the first. In one embodiment, Fig. 3, the membrane referred to above is shown at 18. The two blocks 12, 14 disposed on opposite sides of the membrane have ten duct C 0 -C 9  and D 0 -D 9 . The output ducts 23, 24 have small vents, 25, 26 to atmosphere. Membrane 18 is spaced from block 12 by an apertured plate 16 and a second membrane 17. A third block 28 and a further membrane 29 are provided. If pressure is applied to duct C 5  to represent decimal number 5 membranes 17, 18 deform as shown. If pressure is also applied to duct F 3  in block 28, to represent decimal number 3, membrane 29 deforms as shown, and fluid flows through aperture 31 in the membrane The fluid deforms membrane 18 and flows leftwards and rightwards from the base of duet D 3 . To the left it passes each duct D 2 -D 0  and exits via output 35 to indicate that the number applied to block 12 is greater than that applied to block 28. To the right of duct D 3  the fluid is prevented from reaching output 36 because its passage is prevented by the deformation of the membranes at D 5 . Had the input number at block 12 been less than that at block 28 the output flow would have been at output 36; had the numbers been equal there would have been no flow from either output. In a modification of Fig. 3 (Fig. 4, not shown), membrane 17 is shaped to project into the apertures of plate 16, towards membrane 18. In a second embodiment, Fig. 7, there is no intermediate plate 16 or membrane 17 as in Fig. 3. The block 14 is formed with ducts D 0 -D 9  as before, and also with U-shaped ducts 51, 52, 53. The ends of adjacent U-ducts lie above the same circular chamber 54 and are separated from it by membrane 18. The manner of operation is similar to that of Fig. 3 and Fig. 7 illustrates the state of the comparator when numbers 0(F 0 ) and 2(C 2 ) are compared, with the result that fluid from F 0  issues via output duct 35.
Patent GB-342010-A (GB)
Title: Process for the hydrogenation of pyridine, quinoline and homologues thereof
IPC: G09F21/04
Filed: 1929-11-05
Abstract: Pyridine, quinoline, and their homologues are hydrogenated by interaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst with such hydrogenated compounds, e.g. cyclohexanol and tetrahydronaphthalene, as can readily be dehydrogenated under the reaction conditions.  The hydrogenated compounds may be prepared in situ by a preliminary hydrogenation or during the process by introducing hydrogen.  In the latter case the compound is employed in less than the theoretical quantity and becomes alternately dehydrogenated and re-hydrogenated. According to the examples, (1) piperidine and cyclohexanone are obtained by heating pyridine (1 mol.) with cyclohexanol (3 mols.) in the presence of nickel to 210-230 DEG  C.; (2) piperidine in quantitative yield results when pyridine is heated at 160-180 DEG  C. with 10 per cent of tetrahydronaphthalene or cyclohexanol in the presence of nickel and of hydrogen under pressure; in the same way, a mixture of homologous piperidines is obtained from the mixture commercially known as "pyridine bases for anthracene purification"; (3) pyridine is heated with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of nickel and about 10 per cent of phenol; hydrogenation of the phenol thereby takes place, and on raising the temperature to 160-180 DEG  C., piperidine is produced.ALSO:Heterocyclic compounds; ketones.-Pyridine, quinoline and their homologues are hydrogenated by interaction in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst with such hydrogenated compounds, e.g. cyclohexanol and tetrahydronaphthalene, as can readily be dehydrogenated under the reaction conditions.  The hydrogenated compounds may be prepared in situ by a preliminary hydrogenation or during the process by introducing hydrogen.  In the latter case the compound is employed in less than the theoretical quantity and becomes alternately dehydrogenated and re-hydrogenated. According to the examples, (1) piperidine and cyclohexanone are obtained by heating pyridine (1 mol.) with cyclohexanol (3 mols.) in the presence of nickel to 210-230 DEG  C.; (2) piperidine in quantitative yield results when pyridine is heated at 160-180 DEG  C. with 10 per cent of tetrahydronaphthalene or cyclohexanol in the presence of nickel and of hydrogen under pressure; in the same way, a mixture of homologous piperidines is obtained from the mixture commercially known as "pyridine bases for anthracene purification"; (3) pyridine is heated with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of nickel and about 10 per cent of phenol; hydrogenation of the phenol thereby takes place, and on raising the temperature to 160-180 DEG  C. piperidine is produced.
Patent GB-192251-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to sheet delivery mechanism for printing or like machines
IPC: B65H29/04
Filed: 1921-12-16
Abstract: 192,251. Anglo-American Inventions Syndicate, Ltd., (Harris Automatic Press Co.). Dec. 16, 1921. Delivery apparatus. - In a sheet-delivery mechanism for printing-machines comprising a chain delivery coacting with another sheetcarrier, such as a transfer cylinder, mechanism is provided on one of the carriers to steady the other carrier or each carrier at the time the sheet is being transferred from one to the other. The arrangement shown comprises a transfer cylinder 5 from which sheets are transferred to delivery chains 11 driven in unison by the gears 7, 8. The cylinder 5 carries grippers 19 coacting with a cross-bar 21, and the chain grippers 22 are mounted on a spring-tensioned rock-shaft 23 journaled in a bearing 24 together with a crossrod 26 carrying lugs 25 coacting with the grippers 22. The bearing 24 is carried by a flat plate 27 adjustably secured by pins 28, 29, to the chain 11, and opposite the flat plate 27 a barrel 15 is secured on the transfer cylinder 5, the barrel containing a plunger 16 under the influence of a coil spring 18. When the chain grippers 22 are opened to take the printed sheet from the cylinder grippers 19, the spring plunger 16 contacts with the flat plate 27 and forces the adjacent links of the chain 11 firmly against the bottom of the teeth 12 of the sprocket wheel 10, thus steadying the chain grippers against vibration as they close on the sheet and preventing Waring of its edge.
Patent GB-815053-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to pneumatic vehicle wheel tyres
IPC: B60C9/00
Filed: 1955-11-25
Abstract: 815,053. Pneumatic tyres. PIRELLI S.p.A. Nov. 25, 1955 [Dec. 22, 1954], No. 33859/55. Class 144 (2). A pneumatic tyre, constructed so that creep of the tread against the ground in the flattened ground-contacting region AM<SP>1</SP>B of the tyre is prevented by consequential distortion of the circular arc AB of the tyre to the arc AA<SP>1</SP>B<SP>1</SP>B to maintain a substantially constant peripheral dimension, comprises (a) a carcase of an even number of plies of parallel rubberized textile cords evenly laid in crossed relation in two opposed directions each at an angle of from 50 to 70 degrees to the circumferential, the cords of the plies having an elongation at break exceeding 20 per cent, and (b) a substantially inextensible, flexible, tension-resistant breaker structure of one or more layers of parallel rubberized textile or metal cords of low elastic stretch, the layer or layers being laid with the cords directed at an angle of from 0 to 20 degrees to the circumferential. The cords of the breaker structure may be rubberized with a compound of low modulus of elasticity and a layer or layers of such compound may be interposed between some or all of the carcase plies. The textile composition of the carcase ply cords may be natural, or synthetic such as nylon, and of low modulus of elasticity, or may be of nylon, rayon or cotton, heavily twisted at fine pitch, possibly around a rubber core, to provide the necessary stretch characteristics. The plies of the carcase may be disposed with the cords of adjacent plies crossing, or in bands of two or more plies with the same cord direction, the cords of adjacent bands crossing. The breaker may comprise a single continuous section ring, or a series of spaced side-by-side narrower rings, and where comprising crossed layers, the layers are even in number and disposed evenly in two opposed directions each at an angle not exceeding 20 degrees to the circumferential.
Patent GB-431470-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to cutting openers for tins
IPC: B67B7/70
Filed: 1933-12-02
Abstract: 431,470. Tin-openers. GRODETZKY, R., POLAK, B., GRODETZKY, R., and SCHLEISSNER, P., (trading as GRODETZKY & POLAK), 31, Skretova, Prague. Dec. 2, 1933, No. 33956. [A Specification was laid open to inspection under Sect. 91 of the Acts, June 25, 1934.] [Class 66] Relates to tin-openers in which a shield 1 provided with a cutter turning on an axle 20 positioned substantially horizontally above the rim of the tin can be guided along one side of the rim by the rolling of a tractor wheel 3 rotatably mounted in the shield, so that when the cutter is turned downwardly into position and the opener is moved along the rim the cutter cuts the tin. According to the invention the cutter is provided with a clamping body which, during the turning down movement of the blade, abuts against or engages the tin so as to hold the opener firmly attached to the tin before the cutter reaches its effective working position in which it penetrates the cover. As shown, the clamping body consists of a tongue 17 bent back from the cutter plate 21 frictionally engaging the inside of the rim of the tin. When the wheel 3 is turned by means of the handle 2 in the direction of the arrow II the shield moves in the direction of the arrow III and the blade 5 cuts the cover of the tin, the tongue finally abutting against a lug 24 on the shield. In a modification the clamping body comprises a blunt corner of the plate 21 which presses against the cover which yields slightly and allows a frictional engagement.
Patent GB-619241-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of 2:6-dimethyl-pyridine-3-carboxylic acids
IPC: C07D213/80
Filed: 1946-11-18
Abstract: 4 - Phenyl - 2 : 6 - dimethyl - 3 - carbalkoxy-pyridines in which the phenyl radicle may contain alkyl, alkoxy, or other inert groups, hydroxy and methoxy groups being preferred on hydrolysis and treatment with sulphuric acid yield the corresponding acids which are isolated in their free states or as hemisulphates or sulphates. Ethyl alcoholic potash is the preferred hydrolytic reagent.  In examples: (1) the hemisulphate of 4-phenyl-; (2) the sulphate of 4-p-methoxy-phenyl-; (3) 4-m-methoxy-phenyl-; (4) the hemisulphate of 4-o-methoxy-phenyl-; (5) 4-p-nitro-phenyl-; (6) 4-m-nitro-phenyl- and (7) 4-p-benzamidophenyl - 2 : 6 - dimethyl - pyridine - 3 - carboxylic acid are obtained from their corresponding ethyl esters by treatment with ethyl alcoholic potash and sulphuric acid in (1) the potassium salt of the acid is isolated from the hydrolysis mixture prior to treatment with sulphuric acid.  The 4-methoxy compounds may be hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy compounds with e.g. hydriodic or hydrobromic acid.  The esters used as starting materials in examples (1) to (6) are obtained by decarboxylating the corresponding 4-phenyl-2 : 6-dimethyl-3-carbethoxy-pyridine-5-carboxylic acid obtained by the partial hydrolysis of the corresponding dicarbethoxy-ester. In (3) 4-m-methoxy-phenyl-2 : 6 - dimethyl - 3 : 5 - dicarbethoxy - pyridine is obtained by condensing m-hydroxybenzaldehyde with b -aminocrotonic ethyl ester and ethyl acetoacetate to give 4-m-hydroxy-phenyl-1 : 4 - dihydro - 2 : 6 - dimethyl - 3 : 5 - dicarbethoxy-pyridine which is acetylated and oxidised to 4-m-acetoxy-phenyl-2 : 6-dimethyl-3 : 5-dicarbethoxy-pyridine, hydrolysed to the 4-m-hydroxy-compound and methylated to the desired compound and in (7) 4-p-benzamidophenyl - 2 : 6 - dimethyl - 3 - carbethoxy-pyridine is obtained by the benzoylation of the corresponding amino compound obtained by the reduction of 4-p-nitrophenyl-2 : 6-dimethyl-3-carbethoxy-pyridine. When the phenyl group has a free 2 or 5 position the products may be cyclised to the corresponding pyrido-fluorenone.  Specification 619,087 is referred to.
Patent GB-282671-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to methods of making malleable iron castings
Filed: 1927-12-16
Abstract: 282,671. National Malleable &. Steel Castings Co., (Assignees of Schwartz, H. A.). Dec. 23, 1926, [Convention date]. Annealing tempering, and modifying physical characters of metals.-In the production of malleable iron castings, the casting when it is still at a temperature above the critical point or after it has been reheated to that temperature is quenched to room temperature or to a temperature of 400- 600‹ C., the rate of cooling being approximately 10‹ F. or faster per second. The casting is then heated to a temperature above the critical point, e.g. about 1650‹ F., and held at that temperature for a sufficient time to effect the decomposition of the cementite in the iron. The casting is then cooled down to a temperature below the critical point, held at that temperature for a period of approximately 30 hours and then cooled in any suitable way, e.g. slowly or by quenching. The casting may be quenched after the heating to above the critical temperature and then reheated to a temperature below the critical temperature and held for some time at that temperature before cooling.
Patent GB-455116-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in electrical circuit control devices
IPC: G05F1/648
Filed: 1935-12-10
Abstract: 455,116. Automatic control systems. WESTON ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CORPORATION, 614, Frelinghuysen Avenue, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.-(Assignees of Lamb, A. H. ; 1046, Cross Avenue, Elizabeth, New Jersey, U.S.A.) Dec. 10, 1935, No. 34212. Convention date, Feb. 16. [Class 38 (iv)] [See also Group XXXVII] Electromotive force, &c.-In a voltage regulator, the coil 1 of a voltage-responsive instrument I carries a pointer 2 with a magnetic contact 3 for alternative engagement with the magnetized contacts 4, 4<1> which are carried by levers 5, 5<1> normally drawn towards each other into engagement with stops 6, 6<1> by a spring 7. The opposite ends of the levers are adapted to be separated by the insulated head 8 of an armature 9 on energization of one of the solenoids 10, 10<1>. The coil 1 is connected across the lines 12, 12<1> through an element 20, which may be a rectifier, reactance, potentiometer or thermocouple, the control circuit including a voltmeter 21 and an adjustable resistance 22 by means of which the instrument I may be set to operate at any desired voltage. If the voltage in the lines varies from the required value, the contact 3 is moved into engagement with one of the contacts 4, 4<1> to energize one of the solenoids 24, 241. The contacts 25 or 251 then close to complete a holding circuit for the solenoid, and the contacts 26 or 26<1> close to energize a winding 18 or 18<1> which moves an armature 17 and adjusts a rheostat 15 in the line 12. At the same time one of the solenoids 10, 10<1> is energized to push the levers 5, 5<1> apart and separate the contact 3 from the contact 4 or 4<1>, the contact 3 being prevented from following the movement by stops 11, 11<1>. Movement of the armature 17 closes switch 28 or 28<1> and short-circuits the corresponding winding 24 or 24<1>. If a single step adjustment of the rheostat is insufficient to bring the voltage of the lines to the desired value, the operations are repeated until the desired adjustment is obtained.
Patent GB-477189-A (GB)
Title: Improvements relating to the quantity mechanism of prepayment meters
IPC: G07F15/06
Filed: 1936-12-14
Abstract: 477,189. Gearing for conveying rotary motion. LANDIS & GYR AKT.-GES. Dec. 14, 1936, No. 34265. Convention date, Dec. 31, 1935. [Class 80 (i)] [Also in Group XVIII] The quantity-mechanism of a prepayment meter is driven by a wheel 10, Fig. 1, to which motion is imparted by the consumption, meter 1, and by a synchronous motor 13, the shaft 2 of the meter having a frame 3 which carries a worm 11 engaging the wheel 10. A pawl-lever 6 having a pawl 8 engaging a ratchet-wheel 9 connected to the worm 11 is pivoted in brackets 4, 5 in the frame 3 and is periodically oscillated to rotate the worm and add to the motion of the wheel 10,. derived from the meter 1, by the motor 13 which rotates a cam 14 acting through a bent lever 15 and connecting rod 16 on the pawl-lever 6. In a modification, Fig. 2, the pawl 8 engages the wheel 10 directly, oscillation of the lever 6 causing the pawl 8 to impart to the wheel 10 a rotation added to that which it imparts from the rotation of the frame 3.