Patent GB-827822-A (GB)
Title: Character recognition equipment
IPC: G06V30/20
Filed: 1958-05-16
Abstract: 827,822. Recognizing legible characters. STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd. May 16, 1958 (May 17, 1957], No. 15801/58. Class 106 (1). Characters are sensed by a row of photocells and are recognized by dividing them into five electrically detectable shape-elements viz. a horizontal line (A), a vertical line (B), an oblique line rising to the right (C), an oblique line falling to the right (D), and a line intersecting the row of photocells, the number and combination of elements found being used to determine the character sensed. As shown in Fig. 1 the characters are sensed by a vertical line of photo-cells moving horizontally. Alternatively the line of photo-cells' may be horizontal or oblique, or the image of the character may be projected on to the line of photo-cells with relative movement. The line of photo-cells is longer than the height of the character to compensate for minor misalignments. Each cell is connected to a filter which eliminates spurious pulses resulting from specks on the paper. The filter output is amplified and passed to a limiter circuit which gives a binary output, a voltage U when the area sensed is more than 50% black and a zero voltage when less than 50% black. To avoid erroneous signals due to discoloration of the paper the photo-cell output between characters is used as a zero reference, a clamping circuit being provided in the amplifier so that signals are measured from this reference level. Identification of shape elements.-The horizontal line (A) is detected by connections from each photocell to an integrator, a condenser which adds up its output and causes a threshold amplifier to deliver an output when the photocell indicates a black area enduring for more than a certain length of time. The number of occurrences of the element A is entered in a data store A, Fig. 12. The vertical line (B) is detected by connections from several photo-cells to a circuit which responds when more than a certain number of cells have a black signal. For this purpose connections from photo-cell outputs 5, Fig. 7, are made through resistors R to point 8 and a resistor R2 connects the point to zero potential. When a sufficient number of black signals are applied at points 5 the voltage at point 8 rises to a value which overcomes the bias on the emitter of transistor 9 and an output is produced. This is stored in store B, Fig. 12. To detect an oblique line rising to the right (C) a circuit is provided which responds to a photocell changing to black output when the next lower photo-cell is already black. As shown in Fig. 8, the circuit consists of a gating arrangement in which each photo-cell output 5 is connected to an AND gate 12 enabled by a signal from the adjacent photo-cell output. The change from white to black causes a pulse to appear from the differentiator 10 which when the gate 12 is open passes to a line 13 and is entered in a counter 15. The falling oblique line D is detected similarly by gating, in gates 11, the differentiated cell output with the output of the cell above. Coincident signals pass to line 14 for counter 16. The number of pulses counted indicate the number of cells affected by the oblique line during the scan and accordingly the vertical height of the line from one end to the other. Delay elements 17, 18 prevent a very rapid succession of pulses being counted would result from a line steep enough to be indicated as a vertical line (B). Means are also provided for preventing two or more simultaneously appearing oblique lines entering pulses into the same counter. A number, say three, counters each for C and D features, is therefore provided. Each counter, once a pulse has been received, is rendered inaccessible to pulses from other parts of the photo-cell line but the next counter is made available to receive pulses from other parts of the line. The feature E represents the number of intersections of the photo-cell line with the character which is detected by the circuit of Fig. 10. An intersection causes two photo-cells to be black while their neighbours are white. Adjacent cells are connected together through potential dividing resistors 22 and the mid-points 23 are tested to determine if the voltage is half U in transistor circuits 24. The number of instances of neighbouring cells being in different conditions is divided by two and counted to derive the number of intersections. At the end of a scan the stores A-E, Fig. 12, would register elements e.g. as shown in the case of numeral " 5," Fig. 5. The element signals from stores A-E are combined in a circuit 28 to determine the character sensed and this is indicated on an appropriate output line.