Patent GB-378873-A (GB)
Title: Process for the production of organic substances
IPC: C07C45/26
Filed: 1931-02-17
Abstract: <PICT:0378873/III/1> The treatment of acetylene or its homologues or other unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures containing these substances, with hydrogen or halogens or compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, or halogens is conducted in apparatus having surfaces of higher temperature disposed opposite to surfaces of lower temperature.  Usually the hot walls are maintained at temperatures between 200 DEG  and 800 DEG  C., while the temperature of the cooler walls is at least 50 DEG  C., in some cases 300 DEG  or 500 DEG  C., below that of the hot wall.  The unsaturated hydrocarbon may be at increased or reduced pressure or may be mixed with unreactive gases.  The hot walls may be constructed of ceramic material, aluminium, steel, or suitable alloys, and the cooler walls may be of silver, or silver-plated metal, or copper. Cooling may be effected by liquids boiling under suitable pressure, or by flowing gases.  Catalysts such as alumina, silica, potassium or sodium oxide, nickel, manganese, chromium, zinc, iron, vanadium, copper, molybdenum, or tungsten, or mixtures thereof, may be employed.  The reaction products may be subjected to further treatments, such as hydrogenation.  The examples describe the use of apparatus, which consists of a chamber E filled with pieces of iron, gas inlet pipes A, B, a heating coil D and cooling coil C, and suitable exit and collection devices.ALSO:<PICT:0378873/IV/1> The treatment of acetylene or its homologues or other unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures containing these substances, with hydrogen or halogens or compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or halogens is conducted in apparatus having surfaces of higher temperature disposed opposite to surfaces of lower temperature.  Usually the hot walls are maintained at temperatures between 200 DEG  and 800 DEG  C., while the temperature of the cooler walls is at least 50 DEG  C., in some cases 300 DEG  or 500 DEG , below that of the hot wall.  The unsaturated hydrocarbon may be at increased or reduced pressure or may be mixed with unreactive gases. The hot walls may be constructed of ceramic material, aluminium, steel, or suitable alloys, and the cooler walls may be of silver, or silver-plated metal, or copper. Cooling may be effected by liquids boiling under suitable pressures, or by gases.  Catalysts such as alumina, silica, potassium or sodium oxide, nickel, manganese, chromium, zinc, iron, vanadium, copper, molybdenum, or tungsten, or mixtures thereof, may be employed.  The reaction products may be subjected to further treatments, such as hydrogenation.  The examples describe the use of apparatus, which consists of a chamber E filled with pieces of iron, gas inlet pipes A, B, a heating coil D, and cooling coil C, and suitable exit and collection devices. (1) Using this apparatus, a product consisting mainly of tetrachlorethane is obtained from acetylene and chlorine.  (2) A gas obtained by pyrolysis of methane, and containing acetylene, hydrogen, and other substances, is treated in similar apparatus, whereby the acetylene is hydrogenated, the catalyst employed consisting of nickel with additions of platinum, uranium, and potassium oxide deposited on clay.  (3) Vinyl chloride and ethylidene dichloride are obtained from acetylene and hydrogen chloride, using similar apparatus containing a catalyst consisting of zinc chloride on silica gel.  (4) A mixture of ammonia, nitrogen, and acetylene is treated as in example (3), acetonitrile being produced.  (5) Acetylene and acetic acid vapour are fed through similar apparatus containing pumice impregnated with mercury phosphate, whereby vinyl acetate and ethylidene diacetate are obtained.  (6) Acetylene and water vapour are fed through similar apparatus having basic zinc vanadate on pumice as catalyst, acetaldehyde being produced.