baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent SG-10201805550T-A (SG)
Title: System for monitoring and controlling equipment life due to corrosion degradation
Inventor: DETOR ANDREW JOSEPH
Filed: 2018-06-27
Abstract: SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING EQUIPMENT LIFE DUE TO CORROSION DEGRADATION A corrosion maintenance scheduling and implementation system and method measure one or more characteristics of corrosion in equipment before and after implementation of a corrosion remediation action, determine one or more of a change in the one or more characteristics of the corrosion between before and after implementation of the corrosion remediation action, one or more historical operational characteristics of the equipment, or one or more forthcoming operational characteristics of the equipment, and modify a schedule of the corrosion remediation action for the equipment based on one or more of the one or more characteristics of corrosion that are measured, the change in the one or more characteristics of the corrosion, the one or more historical operational characteristics of the equipment, and/or the one or more forthcoming operational characteristics of the equipment. [Figure 1]
Patent SG-11201407755U-A (SG)
Title: Novel Compounds
Inventor: GIBLIN GERARD M P
IPC: C07D487/10
Filed: 2013-05-22
Abstract: (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 28 November 2013 (28.11.2013) WIPOIPCT (10) International Publication Number WO 2013/175205 A1 (51) International Patent Classification: C07D 487/10 (2006.01) A61P 25/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/407 ( 2006.01) (21) International Application Number: (22) International Filing Date: (25) Filing Language: (26) Publication Language: (30) Priority Data: 1209015.5 61/650,325 61/773,710 PCT/GB2013/051335 22 May 2013 (22.05.2013) English English GB US US 22 May 2012 (22.05.2012) 22 May 2012 (22.05.2012) 6 March 2013 (06.03.2013) (71) Applicant: CONVERGENCE PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED [GB/GB]; 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6XX (GB). (72) Inventors: GIBLIN, Gerard M P; c/o Convergence Phar­ maceuticals Limited, Maia Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT (GB). MACPHERSON, David T ; c/o Convergence Pharmaceut­ icals Limited, Maia Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT (GB). WITTY, David R; c/o Convergence Pharmaceuticals Limited, Maia Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge Cam­ bridgeshire CB22 3AT (GB). STANWAY, Steven J; c/o Convergence Pharmaceuticals Limited, Maia Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB22 3AT (GB). (74) Agents: GIBSON, Mark et al.; Sagittarius IP, Three Globeside, Fieldhouse Lane, Marlow Buckinghamshire SL7 1HZ (GB). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available)'. AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available)'. ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Published: — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) © CJ i> i-H o CJ (54) Title: Novel Compounds (57) Abstract: NOVEL COMPOUNDS The invention relates to spiro derivatives, to the use of said derivatives intreating diseases and conditions mediated by modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels, compositions containing to said derivatives and processes for their preparation.
Patent SG-11201810075Q-A (SG)
Title: A method for manufacturing a lead-free or low lead content brass billet and billet thus obtained
Inventor: GNUTTI GABRIELE
IPC: B22F3/20
Filed: 2017-05-12
Abstract: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property 111111101111 0111010101111101011111 0 11101111101111111011101111111110111 Oil lil Organization 0 International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date .....0\"\" WO 2017/199147 Al 23 November 2017 (23.11.2017) WIPO I PCT (51) International Patent Classification: B22F 3/20 (2006.01) C22C 9/00 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/IB2017/052806 (22) International Filing Date: 12 May 2017 (12.05.2017) (25) Filing Language: Italian (26) Publication Language: English (30) Priority Data: 102016000051168 18 May 2016 (18.05.2016) IT (71) Applicant: ALMAG S.P.A. [IT/IT]; Via Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 25030 Roncadelle, Brescia (IT). (72) Inventors: GNUTTI, Gabriele; c/o Almag S.p.A., Via Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 25030 Roncadelle, Brescia (IT). BERTELLI, Marco; c/o Almag S.p.A., Via Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 25030 Roncadelle, Brescia (IT). (74) Agent: PULIERI, Gianluca Antonio et al.; c/o Jacobacci & Partners S.p.A., Piazza Vittoria, 11, 25122 Brescia (IT). = Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (81) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, = _ AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, _ DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, = = HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, = MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. = = = Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, — (84) = = _ _ UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, = TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, = EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, = MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, = TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, — KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). = under Rule 4.17: Declarations as to applicant's entitlement to apply for and be granted a — — - patent (Rule 4.17(ii)) ..! — of inventorship (Rule 4.17(iv)) IN Published: 71' — Il with international search report (Art. 2 1 (3 )) O\ O\ Il N (54) Title: A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A LEAD-FREE OR LOW LEAD CONTENT BRASS BILLET AND BILLET 1-1 THUS OBTAINED 0 ei (57) : A method for obtaining a lead-free or low lead content brass billet envisages subjecting a mixture of lead-free or low 0 lead content brass chips and graphite powder to extrusion, either direct or inverted, obtaining lead-free or low lead content brass billets.
Patent SG-11201810821S-A (SG)
Title: Communication method, network equipment, and terminal equipment
Inventor: TANG HAI
IPC: H04W72/04
Filed: 2016-07-28
Abstract: ABSTRACT The em bodiments of the invention provide a communication method, network equipment, and terminal equipment to enha nce communication efficiency. The communication method comprises: terminal equipment generates terminal capability information indicative of a terminal capability and/or a supportability of the terminal equipment with respect to a second parameter when the terminal equipment is configured with a first parameter; and the terminal equipment transmits, to network 10 equipment, the terminal capability information. 30 FIG. 2
Patent SG-11201811521S-A (SG)
Title: Method for preparing specimen for analysis or observation of skin
Inventor: NIWA DAISUKE
IPC: G01N33/68
Filed: 2017-08-31
Abstract: YK41 - Provided is a method for preparing a specimen for extensively analyzing a resident skin bacterium and/or a substance present in the stratum corneum, such as a protein or a lipid, or observing the shape of the stratum corneum. A method for preparing a specimen for analyzing a resident skin bacterium and/or a substance present in the stratum corneum or observing the shape of the stratum, comprising applying a solution containing a polyvinyl alcohol polymer to the skin so as to form a thin-film and peeling and collecting the formed thin-film.
Patent SG-11201901626Y-A (SG)
Title: Assistance device
Inventor: SHIMIZU SATOSHI
IPC: A61G7/053
Filed: 2016-09-13
Abstract: Assistance Device An assistance device (1) that enables appropriate evaluation of to what extent a 5 care receiver (M) is using their own leg power. The assistance device (1) is provided with: a body supporting member (5) configured to support the upper body of the care receiver (M); a first load detecting device (61) provided on the body supporting member (5), and configured to detect a first load (a) applied by the care receiver (M); a second load detecting apparatus (62) provided on the 10 body supporting member (5) at a position rearwards of the first load detecting device (61), and configured to detect a second load (b) applied by the care receiver (M); and an effort level calculating device (72) configured to calculate ef fort levels (Da, Da_max, and Da_ave) representing to what extent the care receiver (M) is using their own leg power during the standing assistance based 15 on a relationship between the first load (a) and the second load (b). (FIG. 5 )
Patent SG-11201907023U-A (SG)
Title: Method of reducing neutropenia
Inventor: MOHANLAL RAMON
IPC: A61K31/337
Filed: 2018-02-01
Abstract: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date 09 August 2018 (09.08.2018) WIPO I PCT (51) International Patent Classification: A61K 31/40 (2006.01) A61K 31/337 (2006.01) A61K 31/04 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/496 (2006.01) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US2018/016498 (22) International Filing Date: (25) Filing Language: (26) Publication Language: (30) Priority Data: 62/453,375 01 February 2017 (01.02.2017) US 62/621,533 24 January 2018 (24.01.2018) US (71) Applicant: BEYONDSPRING PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. [US/US]; 28 Liberty Street, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10005 (US). (72) Inventors: MOHANLAL, Ramon; 28 Liberty Street, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10005 (US). HUANG, Lan; 28 Liberty Street, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10005 (US). LLOYD, George, Kenneth; 28 Liberty Street, 39th Floor, New York, NY 10005 (US). (74) Agent: FULLER, Michael, L.; Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear, Llp, 2040 Main Street, 14th Floor, Irvine, CA 92614 (US). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, 1-1 TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). 71' IN Published: 71' 71' — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) 00 1-1 (54) Title: METHOD OF REDUCING NEUTROPENIA (57) : Disclosed herein are plinabulin and the use for reducing neutropenia. Some embodiments relate to reducing the docetaxel 0 induced neutropenia using plinabulin. o mono °noI0 DIDHoHoIID100 OIIIIII (10) International Publication Number WO 2018/144764 Al 01 February 2018 (01.02.2018) English English
Patent HU-188828-B (HU)
Title: Insecticides containing new piridil-alkyl-tiocarbonates and process for production of the reagents
Inventor: WONG RAYMAN Y
IPC: C07D213/30
Filed: 1983-01-03
Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds having the formula 
<CHEM>
 in which R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, chlorophenyl or chlorbenzyl, R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and n is an integer from 1 to 3. Said thiocarbonates are available by reacting the corresponding pyridyl alkanole with a chlorothioformate having the formula 

RS@Cl
 at 0 - 25 DEG C in the presence of a solvent and a hydrogen chloride acceptor. The thiocarbonates of the above formula show significant insect repellent activity. They are adapted for ready use in corresponding compositions.
Patent DK-166293-B (DK)
Inventor: CHAMPSEIX SERGE
IPC: F16K31/10
Filed: 1988-01-11
Abstract: The invention provides a fluid switching microelectrovalve in which the mobile member playing the role of closure member for one or other of the pipes (18,19) is a single membrane (23) with oriented deformation applied by a rocker (24) against one or other of the pipes to be closed, the rocker (24) being moved from one to the other of its two balance positions corresponding to the two closure positions of the membrane by a spool (3) sliding in the valve body (1) under the action of the core of an electromagnet.
Patent HU-181005-B (HU)
Title: Equipment for preparing a net from thin materials,mainly from half-thick skin for the substitution of missing skin
Inventor: BARCZI BELA
IPC: A61B17/322
Filed: 1980-01-14
Abstract: The apparatus has two rollers (2, 10) in a frame structure (1). A helical blade is provided on the replaceable cutting roller (2) of the apparatus, the cutting edge of which has periodic gaps. In contrast to apparatuses known to date, the rollers (2, 10) are simple to manufacture and, in particular, can be easily replaced and maintained. <IMAGE>
Patent IS-2093-B (IS)
Inventor: KIM AE RI
IPC: A61K31/00
Filed: 1999-09-14
Abstract: 7-(3-Aminomethyl-4-methoxyiminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro -4-oxo- 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid methanesulfonate and hydrates thereof, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and their use in antibacterial therapy. <CHEM>
Patent AT-407350-B (AT)
IPC: B22D11/04
Filed: 1998-02-18
Granted: 2001-02-26
Abstract: An apparatus for the horizontal continuous casting of profiles includes a receptacle for molten metal and an ingot mold connectable to the receptacle by a ramming frame. The ingot mold forms a casting gap having a refractory lining that cannot be wetted by the molten metal. An oscillation drive oscillates the ingot mold in a casting direction and is supported on the receptacle and on the ingot mold. A sliding guide associated with the receptacle and extending in the casting direction supports the ingot mold, and a web is arranged in a transition area between the receptacle and the ingot mold, the web being prestressed with a minimum pressure corresponding to the hydraulic pressure of the molten metal and consisting of refractory fibers that cannot be wetted by the molten metal, to provide a seal against the molten metal.
Patent AT-404973-B (AT)
IPC: F03B7/00
Filed: 1997-04-01
Granted: 1999-04-26
Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a water power drive machine which achieves at least the performance features of the turbine, but on the other hand results in a major reduction in the production costs and renders complex regulation superfluous. The present static- pressure machine is a simple sheet-steel construction which consists of a hub 1 whose diameter corresponds to the drop height, as well as blades 2 attached to it, which correspond to the width and height of the normal water-level cross section, so that, on no load, the entire amount of water can flow through without building up. A sheet-steel disc is connected to the hub 1 and to the blades 2 on both sides. This results in a very tough and dimensionally stiff structure. Shaft or axle journals are attached to the hub 1 on the right and left. The openings in the blade curvature, with float flaps 3 located on them, allow the blade chambers to be filled as they enter the built-up water level. <IMAGE>
Patent DK-159616-B (DK)
Inventor: GUIFFRAY MICHEL
IPC: B65D75/58
Filed: 1984-01-27
Abstract: 1. A container of a flexible or semi-rigid material for receiving a liquid, characterized in that it has two planar bearing sides (2) forming a dihedron whose angle (alpha) is smaller than 90 degrees when the container is filled with liquid, these two planar sides (2) being interconnected by a neck (5) at the end of which is formed a liquid-expelling opening, the two planar bearing sides (2) are part of two semi-shells (1) fixed to each other on their periphery in a median plane relative to which these two semi-shells (1) are symmetrical, the fixing being preferably achieved by welding, and this container is provided with a liquid expelling passageway (12) whose outlet opening is located at a level higher than the level (N) of the liquid when the container bears on one of its bearing sides (2), and the distribution of the weight of the full or empty container is so chosen that the vertical passing through its centre of gravity is located inside the perimeter of one of the bearing sides (2) bearing on a horizontal plane.
Patent HU-217210-B (HU)
Title: Method for isolation and characterisation of genes resistant to doxorubicin antibiotics
Inventor: CARUSO MARINELLA
IPC: C12N1/21
Filed: 1989-05-26
Abstract: Doxorubicin resistance can be conferred on a host by transforming the host with a recombinant vector comprising a DNA having the configuration of restriction sites shown in Figure 1 or 2 of the accompanying drawings or a restriction fragment derived therefrom containing a gene coding for doxorubicin resistance.
Patent HU-212160-B (HU)
Inventor: KOJIRI KATSUHISA
IPC: C12P17/18
Filed: 1990-06-20
Abstract: A találmány egy új, BE-13793C jelű daganatellenes anyag, amely az (I) képlettel jellemezhető és gyógyászatilag elfogadható sói előállítására vonatkozik. Az új anyagot egy új, a Streptoverticillium nemzetséghez  tartozó mikroorganizmus és mutánsai termelik. Az új vegyület előnyösen növeli a rák kemoterápiájában alkalmazható anyagok körét, amelyekkel kapcsolatban a rezisztencia veszély még nem áll fenn.   H    Ο. ,N.  O      /       /   H  H   1   OH  OH    (1)  HU 212 160 B A leírás terjedelme: 6 oldal (ezen belül 1 lap ábra)
Patent HU-187667-B (HU)
Inventor: JASYS VYTAUTAS J
IPC: C07B61/00
Filed: 1982-03-22
Abstract: Verbindungen der Formel I, worin R hoch 1 H oder HO ist, Y und Z jeweils Cl, Br oder J sind oder Y H und Z Cl, Br oder J ist, Q N tief 3 oder NHCO tief 2CH tief 2C tief 6H tief 4R hoch 4 ist, worin R hoch 4 H, Cl, Br, NO tief 2, CH tief 3 ist, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung bei der Herstellung der wertvollen antibakteriellen Mittel 1,1-Dioxopenicillanoyloxymethyl-6(-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)penicillanat und 1,1-Dioxopenicillanoyloxymethyl-6-(2-amino-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)penicillanat durch katalytische Hydrierung in Gegenwart eines Edelmetallkatalysators und neue Zwischenstufen, brauchbar bei der Herstellung der Verbindungen der Formel (I).
Patent LT-4511-B (LT)
Title: Process of making spun-bonded web
Inventor: BRIGNOLA EDWARD L
IPC: D04H3/16
Filed: 1998-10-23
Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the formation of a spun-bonded fibrous web suitable for service in nonwoven end uses. A melt-processable thermoplastic polymeric material is melt-extruded to form a multifilamentary spinline (2), is quenched, and is wrapped about at least two spaced driven draw rolls (14, 16) that are surrounded by a shroud (12) prior to collection to form a web (40), and is bonded to form a spun-bonded nonwoven product. The draw rolls (14, 16) exert a pulling force on the multifilamentary spinline (2) so as to accomplish drawing of the molten multifilamentary spinline (2) prior to complete solidification. The shroud (12) makes possible the self-stringing of the spinline (2) around the draw rolls (14, 16). A pneumatic jet (32) located at the exit end (24) of the shroud (12) assists in the contact of the multifilamentary spinline (2) with the draw rolls (14, 16) in order to facilitate the imposition of a uniform pulling force and expels the multifilamentary spinline (2) in the direction of its length toward a support (38) where it is collected. The formation of a highly uniform spun-bonded nonwoven product is made possible on an expeditious basis.
Patent LT-3224-B (LT)
Title: Silica sols, a process for the production and use them
Inventor: JOHANSSON HANS ERIK
IPC: D21H17/68
Filed: 1993-03-19
Abstract: Silica sols having a high content of microgel and aluminum modified particles with high specific surface area. The sols can be prepared by a process comprising acidification of a water glass solution, alkalization at a certain dry substance content, particle growth and aluminum modification. The sols are particularly suitable for use as additives, in combination with cationic polymers, in papermaking.
Patent SE-324018-B (SE)
Inventor: WOLFE B
IPC: G21C1/08
Filed: 1968-01-08
Abstract: 1,210,686. Nuclear power plants. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 19 Dec., 1967 [11 Jan., 1967]. No. 57644/67. Heading G6C.  In a steam cooled, fast nuclear reactor, superheated steam from the reactor is supplied to a turbine after the removal of radioactive contamination. Superheated steam passes from the reactor 10 through line 36 to the steam generator 14 where desuperheating of the steam and evaporation of water 40 occurs. Saturated steam is pumped from 14 by circulator 16 to the reactor coolant inlet. A minor fraction of the steam from 14 is urged through line 64, is superheated in the heat excharger 12 by the reactor coolant, and is passed to the turbine 20 through line 54. The contamination from the reactor core is retained in the water 40 and is removed by filtration and ion-excharge. The annulus 150, Fig. 2, is filled with water and steel rods 152 to form a shield round the core 28, the water flow rate being controlled to prevent boiling. The core has a central fuel region surrounded by a reflector and each vertical fuel rod consists of an upper void region, upper and lower reflectors and a central fuel zone.