baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent IE-893629-L (IE)
Title: Extrusion of hollow fibre membranes
IPC: B01D69/08
Filed: 1989-11-10
Abstract: A method of making a porous polymeric material by heating a mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a cationic or non-ionic surfactant having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance range of 4.0 to 6.0 to a temperature and for a time sufficient for the polymer and surfactant to mutually dissolve. The mixture is then cooled to a temperature so that non-equilibrium liquid-liquid phase separation takes place to form a bi-continuous matrix of the polymer and surfactant so that the polymer and surfactant form two intermingled separate phases of large interfacial surface area. The surfactant is then removed from the polymer. The porous polymeric material produced by the above method has a lacey or filamentous structure consisting of a plurality of polymer strands connected together at spaced apart locations along each strand.
Patent NO-782591-L (NO)
Title: Apparat for karbonering av vann
Inventor: GILBEY GUY
IPC: A23L2/38
Filed: 1978-07-28
Abstract: Apparat til karbonisering av vann
Patent NO-792231-L (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av cephemforbindelser
Inventor: HITZEL VOLKER
IPC: C07D/
Filed: 1979-07-04
Abstract: Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av cefemforbindelser.
Patent NO-811799-L (NO)
Inventor: CARLSSON ENAR INGEMAR
IPC: A61P9/10
Filed: 1981-05-27
Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds of the formula I <CHEM> as well as their preparation, pharmaceutical preparations containing same, and method of treating acute myocardial infarction. The compounds which possess beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity are very shortacting and are intended for treatment of acute myocardial infarction by administration by means of injection.
Patent NO-832801-L (NO)
Title: Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av beta-laktam-antibiotika
Inventor: BREUER HERMANN
IPC: C07D405/12
Filed: 1983-08-03
Abstract: Antibiotisk aktive Ø-laktamer med en. substituent i 1-stillingen og en amino-, acylamino- eller eventuelt beskyttet aminosubstituent i 3-stillingen, eller en ester eller et salt derav; hvor Rog Rg er like eller forskjellige og hver står for hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aynyl, fenyl, substituert fenyl, cykloalkyl eller en 4-, 5-, 6- eller 7-leddet heterocyklus, eller Rog Rg sammen med det karbonatom som de er knyttet til, utgjør cykloalkyl eller en 4-, 5-, 6- eller 7-leddet heterocyklus, eller en av Rog Rg er hydrogen og den annen azido, halogenmetyl, dihalogenmetyl, trihalogenmetyl, halogen, alkoksykarbony1, alkenyl, alkynyl, 2-fenyletenyl, 2-fenyletynyl, karboksyl, -CI^-X-S-X, -0-X, eller -A-CO-XgX, hvor X^^ er azido, amino, hydroksy, alkanoylamino, fenylkarbonylamino, (substituert fenyl)karbonyl-amino, alkylsulfonyloksy, fenylsulfonyloksy, (substituert fenyl)-sulfonyloksy, fenyl, substituert fenyl, cyano, -A-CO-NXgX, -S-Xeller -0-X; Xer alkyl, substituert alkyl, fenyl,substituert fenyl, fenylalkyl, (substituert fenyUalkyl, alkanoyl, fenylalkanoyl, (substituert fenyl)alkanoyl, fenyl-karbonyl, (substituert fenyl)karbonyl eller heteroarylkarbony1; A er -C=CH-, -(CH)-, -CH-0-, -CH-NH- eller -CH-S-CH; n er 0, 1 eller 2; og Xg og X? er like eller forskjellige og er hver hydrogen, alkyl, fenyl eller substituert fenyl, eller xer hydrogen og Xer amino, substituert amino, acylamino eller alkoksy, eller Xg og Xsammen med det nitrogenatom som de er knyttet til, danner en 4-, 5-, 6- eller 7-leddet heterocyklus.Fremstilling av forbindelsene er beskrevet.
Patent NO-840618-L (NO)
Inventor: DUMORA DENIS
IPC: H01B17/40
Filed: 1984-02-20
Abstract: The present invention provides a method of fixing a sleeve (3) of malleable metal on a rod (10) of composite material, said sleeve comprising a cylindrical internal housing (6) in which an end (11) of said rod (10) is received. A compression operation is performed causing the sleeve to be stretched in a continuous manner over annular zones of the sleeve substantially from the inlet of the sleeve and substantially up to the end of the rod in such a manner as to cold draw the metal of the sleeve around the rod without stretching the composite material beyond its elastic strain limit.
Patent NO-841081-L (NO)
Title: Ultralydapparat til nivaamaaling i tanker eller lignende lagerrom.
Inventor: JENSEN NILS
IPC: G01F23/296
Filed: 1984-03-20
Abstract: I et ultralydapparat til nivåmåling i tanker for flytende eller pulverformede varer, særlig ombord i fartøyer, har en som sender/mottagerinnretning utformet ultralydføler. (1) til anbringelse i en mot tankens vendende åpning (3) i en endevegg (4) av et rør-formet apparathus (5) en mot endeveggens (4) yttersider liggende toppflens (6) som festes mot endeveggen (4) av et overliggende målerhus (8) som hermetisk innkamsler en elektronikkenhet (7) som er koblet til føleren (1). En bunnplate (9) i målerhuset (8) har dels en fordypning (13) til opptagelse av føler-kammerets (2) toppflens (6) og dels utformet med et flensparti (14) til feste av målerhuset (8) til endeveggen (4) under innspenning av følerkammerets (2) toppflens (6).For å unngå forstyrrende ettersvingninger som ellers ville forvanske måleresultatene,er det såvel mellom endeveggen (4) og målerhusets (8) flensparti (14) som mellom føler-kammerets (2) toppflens (6) på den ene side og henholdsvis endeveggen (4) og målerhusets-(8) bunnplate (9) innlagt svingningsdempende pakningselementer (15-19).For å oppnå en forbedret refleksjon ved måling under krengning, er det til endeveggens,, (4) innside festet en reflektor (24) med en konisk refleksjonsflate (25) som vender mot flerkammeret (2).
Patent NO-845140-L (NO)
Inventor: JOHNSTON JOHN ERIC
IPC: C10M143/00
Filed: 1984-12-20
Abstract: Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers are disclosed being particularly useful as improving the low temperature viscosity and pumpability properties of lubricating oil which have a defined ethylene sequence distribution with respect to the number of ethylenes in sequences of three or more and the percent of ethylene sequences of three or more ethylene units. Ethylene-propylene copolymers are the preferred embodiment.
Patent NO-853647-L (NO)
Inventor: BERGQVIST SVEN ARNE
IPC: E01C23/08
Filed: 1985-09-17
Abstract: A cutter (10) intended for use on a planing blade on a road planing machine is provided with a plurality of tools (14) rotatably mounted in the cutter. The tools (14) are mounted side by side and are adapted to carry out the working of the road surface (17).
Patent NO-885222-L (NO)
Inventor: GRANDMOUGIN GERARD
IPC: H04N5/268
Filed: 1988-11-23
Abstract: Matrix switch for sharing out to M outputs, by choice, a signal selected from N signals conveyed to as many inputs on the matrix, each of the M outputs being switchable at will onto one of the N inputs as a function of a remote-control signal, characterised in that it comprises a support structure (2) for a set of input cards (1) each receiving the video signals (V), corresponding in number to a given sub-multiple of the total number of signals N to be transmitted; at least one set of switching cards (3), each of which is connected to one input card (1); and at least one sub-set of output cards (5), all of them connected to the set of switching cards (3) and each delivering an arbitrary signal selected from the signals received by each switching card, the switching cards comprising a set of input cells (E) mounted in parallel, equal in number to the sub-multiple defining the number of video signals to be transmitted, and a set of output cells (S), each input cell and each output cell being connected by a switching cell (C), allowing a selected signal to pass from the input to the output under the effect of a control instruction. 
<IMAGE>
Patent NO-901164-L (NO)
Inventor: KAFKA BERNARD M
IPC: A01G31/00
Filed: 1990-03-13
Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate for soil-less culture. 
<??>The substrate is formed by a felt made of inorganic fibres which, if necessary, contains a wetting agent and which has been obtained by continuous longitudinal compression at a rate of between 1.5 and 15 of a sheet of inorganic fibres in which the fibres tend at the beginning to arrange themselves in layers or strata which are parallel to the bottom and top faces of this sheet, and compression takes place before the sheet is treated thermally so as to set the structure. 
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Patent NO-903090-L (NO)
Inventor: SACHETTO JEAN-PIERRE
IPC: C08J5/00
Filed: 1990-07-11
Abstract: A composition of matter capable of being formed into articles having substantial dimensional stability comprising     a) destructurized starch, and b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneimine polymers and polyalkyleneimine copolymers; said modified polysaccharide being present in an amount effective to enhance the physical properties of said articles.   The composition may contain further conventional additives as well as hydrophobic, substantially water-insoluble polymers.
Patent NO-912985-L (NO)
Inventor: GUPTE ARUN RAJARAM
IPC: A61K9/70
Filed: 1991-07-31
Abstract: The invention concerns the improved transdermal application of pharmacologically active compounds.
Patent NO-913641-L (NO)
Inventor: ALMEN TORSTEN
IPC: A61K49/04
Filed: 1991-09-16
Abstract: The invention relates to improved contrast media containing non-ionic contrast agents, e.g. non-ionic iodinated X-ray contrast agents, the improvement being achieved by incorporation of sodium at 20-60 mM/l.
Patent NO-921129-L (NO)
Inventor: PATT RUDOLF
IPC: D21B1/14
Filed: 1992-03-23
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/EP90/01622 Sec. 371 Date May 18, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date May 18, 1992 PCT Filed Sep. 25, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/05102 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 18, 1991.In a process for manufacturing chemo-mechanical and/or chemothermal-mechanical wood pulps, raw materials containing lignocellulose, such as wood shavings, wood chips, pre-ground wood or sawdust, are first impregnated with an aqueous alcoholic SO2 solution and then heated to a temperature between 50 DEG  and 170 DEG  C. for a period of 1 to 300 minutes. The wood shavings are then ground to the desired degree of fineness in a defibrinating device. The process makes it possible to achieve up to 50% reduction in grinding energy in comparison with known chemothermal-mechanical processes.
Patent NO-923100-L (NO)
Title: Fottoey med forbedret midtsaale
Inventor: KRAMER HY
IPC: A43B/
Filed: 1992-08-07
Abstract: En midtsåle, delt midtsåle eller liknende (10) for bruk i et fottøy med en fleksibel, luftgjennomtrengelig topp- såle, omfattende minst en plugg (11) i hælområdet med en tykkelse (høyde) som er tilstrekkelig til å tillate betydelig kompresjonsdeformasjon langs høydedimen- sjonen, fulgt av en samtidig betydelig utbulingsdeformasjon i omkretsoverflåten i rett vinkel med høydedimensjonen, hvor deformasjonen oppstår bare på grunn av normal gange av brukeren, slik at defor- masjonen samtidig gir støtdempning og ventilasjon under den nevnte normale gange.
Patent NO-923355-L (NO)
Inventor: BERTA DOMINIC A
IPC: C08K5/13
Filed: 1992-08-27
Abstract: Disclosed is an olefin polymer-based thermoplastic elastomer comprising a propylene polymer material, an amorphous olefin copolymer rubber, and optionally a semicrystalline, essentially linear ethylene-C3-4 alpha-olefin copolymer, having incorporated therein zinc salts of certain mercapto compounds and sterically hindered di-tertiary butyl phenol compounds. The compositions exhibit good retention of properties at elevated temperatures.
Patent NO-923556-L (NO)
Inventor: SMITH EDWARD PETER
IPC: B29K101/10
Filed: 1992-09-14
Abstract: A soft lining process lining tube is made up of an inner layer with one or more reinforcement layers wrapped there around. The or each reinforcement layer is wrapped so that the edges thereof overlap and the said overlapped edges may be adhered together with an adhesive which will yield when subsequently the lining tube is inflated onto a pipeline or passageway surface to be lined. The inner layer is of resin absorbent material as is the or each reinforcement layer, and the lining tube is impregnated with curable synthetic resin before being inflated into position. The resin is caused to cure so that the reinforcement layer or layers becomes or become embedded in the cured resin.
Patent NO-933741-L (NO)
Title: Ris med h!yt vanninnhold samt fremgangsm}te for fremstilling og anvendelse av samme
Inventor: YUKIO ISHIDA
IPC: A23L7/196
Filed: 1993-10-18
Abstract: I et første trinn fremstilles ris med et vanninnhold på 38 til 115 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler ris ved anvendelse av varmt vann, damp og/eller damp under trykk, den resulterende vannholdige ris underkastes avkjølings-og/eller nedfrysingsprosesser, og risen fås til å absorbere ytterligere vann i et andre trinn, hvorved den totale vannabsorpsjon er 72 til 130 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler ris, det produseres en ris med høyt vanninnhold hvori ris-kornene foreligger i tilstanden med nesten ingen gelatinering.Risen med høyt vanninnhold har, selv etter koking og oppvarming, hard overflate og mykt indre og delikat smak, slik at risen overføres til vel-smakende kokt ris. Dersom risen fryse-tørkes overføres den til utmerket hurtigris.
Patent NO-943878-L (NO)
Inventor: BLACK LARRY JOHN
IPC: A61K31/40
Filed: 1994-10-13
Abstract: A method of inhibiting uterine fibrosis comprising administering to a human or other mammal in need of treatment an effective amount of a compound having the formula <CHEM>   Wherein R<1> and R<3> are independently hydrogen, -CH3, <CHEM>  or <CHEM>  wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl; wherein R<2> is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidino and piperidino, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
Patent NO-944335-L (NO)
Inventor: FLYNN GARY ALAN
IPC: A61P25/28
Filed: 1994-11-14
Abstract: The present invention relates to certain novel mercaptoacetylamido pyridazo[1,2]pyridazine, pyrazolo[1,2]pyridazine, pyridazo[1,2- a] [1,2]diazepine and pyrazolo[1,2- a ][1,2]diazepine derivatives useful as inhibitors of enkephalinase and of ACE.
Patent NO-952586-L (NO)
Title: Varmeisolerende yttervegg for en bygning
Inventor: ANDERSON KURT ALLAN
IPC: F24D3/14
Filed: 1995-06-27
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen vedrører en varmeisolerende yttervegg for en bygning (1). Veggen omfatter en ytre kledning (3), en innenfor dette beliggende ytre luftspalte (5) i kommunikasjon med uteluften, et innenfor den ytre luftspalte beliggende isolerings- skikt (6) av et luftgjennomtrengelig filtrerende materiale, en innenfor isoleringsskiktet beliggende indre luftspalte (7) samt en innenfor denne beliggende indre kledning (8). Den indre luftspalte (7) er ifølge oppfinnelsen forsynt med en mellom- vegg (12) som deler den indre luftspalte i den første del (7a) og en andre del (7b). Den første delen (7a) er tett oventil og står nedentil i forbindelse med den andre del (7b), som oventil er forsynt med en ut- løpsåpning (11). Videre er den andre del (7b) nedentil forsynt med oppvarmingsorgan (13). På passende steder i veggen er strømningsregulerings- organ (15) plassert for å begrense luftstrømningen ved stor trykkforskjeller, respektivt forhindre luft- strømning gjennom veggen i retning fra bygningens indre mot uteluften.
Patent NO-961474-L (NO)
Title: Gelfri maling som inneholder sinkpyrition
Inventor: GAVIN DAVID F
IPC: C09D201/00
Filed: 1996-04-12
Abstract: Maling og malingsgrunnlag og mer spesielt en fremgangsmåte og en blanding for å tilveiebringe en stabil gelfri dis- persjon av sinkpyrition pluss kobber(I)- oksyd i maling. I henhold til fremgangsmå- ten ifølge foreliggende inne- holder malingen eller malingsgrunnlaget en karboksylsyre for å gi malingen ønsket geleringsinhibering.
Patent NO-962637-L (NO)
Inventor: CARNEY JOHN M
IPC: A61K31/185
Filed: 1996-06-20
Abstract: 2,4-disulfonyl  alpha -phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are disclosed. These materials are useful as pharmaceutical agents for oral or intravenous administration to patients suffering from acute central nervous system oxidation as occurs in a stroke or from gradual central nervous system oxidation which can exhibit itself as progressive central nervous system function loss.
Patent NO-963589-L (NO)
Inventor: PLAEN ETIENNE DE
IPC: C12Q1/68
Filed: 1996-08-28
Abstract: A method for determining cancers is described. The method involves assaying for expression of a gene coding for at least one of MAGE tumor rejection antigen or its precursor expression product.
Patent NO-970928-L (NO)
Inventor: BASTICK MICHEL JACK FERNAND
IPC: E02D17/18
Filed: 1997-02-28
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB95/02062 Sec. 371 Date May 13, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 13, 1997 PCT Filed Sep. 1, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/06983 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 7, 1996A facing panel (1) is provided for assembly with like facing panels to form a facing of a stabilized earth structure. The facing panel has two opposed side edges (2) for arrangement edge-to-edge with the side edges of laterally adjacent facing panels, each side edge having a front portion (5) which is straight over substantially the full height of the facing panel, and a rear portion comprising a lateral projection (8) over part of its length and an abutment (6, 7) over another part of its length, the lateral projection being provided for engagement behind a respective abutment on the side edge of a laterally adjacent facing panel to restrain forward movement of the facing panel, and the abutment being provided for engagement in front of a respective lateral projection of said laterally adjacent facing panel or of another laterally adjacent facing panel to restrain rearward movement of the facing panel.
Patent NO-973944-L (NO)
Inventor: POSTI HARRI
IPC: H04W88/08
Filed: 1997-08-27
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/FI96/00112 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 22, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 22, 1997 PCT Filed Feb. 26, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO96/27269 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 6, 1996The present invention relates to a base station of a radio system. The base station has means for establishing a telecommunication connection to radio units in a coverage area of the base station. In order to utilize a capacity of the base station efficiently, the base station comprises a central processing unit with at least one baseband frame unit for supplying baseband signals via switching means, alternatively, to one of at least two radio channel units, and at least two radio set units arranged separately from one another of which at least one of the radio set units is arranged at a distance from the central processing unit. The radio set units are arranged into different radio set units for transferring baseband signals to be transmitted from the frame unit to a radio channel and for forwarding radio frequency signals via an antenna means of the radio set unit.
Patent NO-974566-L (NO)
Inventor: YAMAGATA NOBUYUKI
IPC: C07K7/06
Filed: 1997-10-02
Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide having the following amino acid sequence:     Ala-Xaa1-Leu-Xaa2-Phe-Xaa3-Xaa4-Xaa5-(Xaa6)n (wherein Xaa1 and Xaa4 each independently represents an amino acid residue which may have an alkyl or heteroalkyl side chain which may be substituted by a hydroxy, amino or guanidyl group; Xaa2 and Xaa6 each independently represents an amino acid residue which may have an alkyl or heteroalkyl side chain which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group; Xaa3 and Xaa5 each independently represents an amino acid residue which may have a hydrophobic side chain; and   n stands for 1 or 0),  or derivatives thereof; and a modification thereof. The peptide or derivatives thereof according to the present invention is useful as a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, rejection reaction attendant on the organ transplantation, inflammation or the like.
Patent NO-975339-L (NO)
Title: Jodderingsprosess
Inventor: WISTRAND LARS-GOERAN
IPC: C07C217/84
Filed: 1997-11-20
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen omfatter en prosess for fremstilling av et 2,4,6-trijodisert eller 2,4,6,2',4',6'-heksajodisert 3,5-disubstituert anilin eller 3,3'-disubstituert-5,5'-koblet bisanilin der prosessen omfatter elektrokjemisk jodisering av et 3,5-disubstituert anilin eller et 3,3'-disubstituert-5,5'-koblet bisanilin i et vandig surt løsningsmiddel som omfatter vann og eventuelt minst et organisk løsningsmiddel som er blandbart med vann.
Patent NO-980354-L (NO)
Inventor: LOVE WILLIAM GUY
IPC: A61K48/00
Filed: 1998-01-27
Abstract: PCT No. PCT/GB96/01775 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 23, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 23, 1998 PCT Filed Jul. 24, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/04787 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 13, 1997A pharmaceutical composition comprising (A) an oligonucleotide 8 to 50 nucleotides in length, which is targeted to mRNA encoding human raf and is capable of inhibiting raf expression, entrapped in (B) sterically stabilized liposomes.
Patent NO-982402-L (NO)
Inventor: GRIMSLAND AAGE
IPC: A22B3/00
Filed: 1998-05-27
Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing and maintaining a gas mixture in one or more phases, in which the phases are generated in zones of, for example, a stunning tunnel or a stunning shaft. The gas mixture includes carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas, and the concentration of air is maintained at a level equivalent to a concentration level in air. Carbon dioxide is added based on the measured level of carbon dioxide in each zone.
Patent NO-984052-L (NO)
Inventor: BOON FALLEUR
IPC: A61P35/00
Filed: 1998-09-03
Abstract: A method for treating human tumours by gene therapy is disclosed. In particular, defective recombinant viruses with a sequence coding for a human tumour-specific antigen, and the use thereof for treating or preventing human tumours, as well as producing specific cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in vitro or ex vivo, are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising said viruses, particularly in injectable form, are also disclosed.
Patent NO-991707-L (NO)
Title: HÕndcomputer og kommunikasjonsredskap med singulær operasjonstast
Inventor: PEDERSEN STEINAR
IPC: G06F3/0488
Filed: 1999-04-12
Abstract: Oppfinnelsen omhandler et redskap (1) som anvender en hovedtast (2) for styring av skjermmarkør (5) på redskapets display (3) og for innmating av alfanumeriske data og grafisk informasjon, hvor hovedtasten består av en knapp med bryterfunksjon som er montert på en styreplate som kan beveges sideveis i ett plan innen et avgrenset område.
Patent NO-991939-L (NO)
Inventor: CUNNINGHAM PETER D
IPC: G09B29/10
Filed: 1999-04-23
Abstract: An automated guided apparatus capable of accurately determining its position within a walled environment such as a mine or building. A mobile unit incorporating an inertial measurement unit (18) and a gray scale vision system processor/camera (25) is able to initialize its location and then update its location within the environment. The apparatus is especially adapted for producing tunnel plan views ("TOPES") and also for guiding equipment through such environments. <IMAGE>
Patent NO-994928-L (NO)
Inventor: POTTER GERARD ANDREW
IPC: A61K31/55
Filed: 1999-10-08
Abstract: A process for the preparation of substantially single enantiomer (-)-narwedine comprises seeding a solution of racemic narwedine dissolved in a solvent with substantially single enantiomer (-)-narwedine, provided that if an added amine base is present the ratic solvent:added amine base is greater than 15:1.
Patent SE-0004390-L (SE)
Inventor: PALM BENGT
IPC: A23L3/22
Filed: 2000-11-29
Abstract: The invention relates to a variable steam injector of the type which has an injector housing ( 1 ) with an inlet ( 2 ) for the product which is to be heated and an outlet ( 3 ) for the heated product. The injector housing ( 1 ) also has an inlet ( 4 ) for steam. The injector also includes a thick-walled pipe ( 5 ) enclosed in the injector housing ( 1 ). The thick-walled pipe ( 5 ) is provided with a large number of throughgoing holes which form radial ducts ( 9 ). Further, there is a product pipe ( 11 ) within the thick-walled pipe ( 5 ) and which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the pipe ( 5 ).