baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent SG-10201800246W-A (SG)
Title: A composition and a process for producing plants using anthers of jatropha species
Inventor: SAVARIMUTHU AROCKIASAMY
Filed: 2018-01-10
Abstract: ACOMPOSITION AND A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PLANTS USING ANTHERS OF JATROPHA SPECIES The present invention describes a composition for developmental stages including but not limited to callus induction, proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo maturation and embryo germination, of Jatropha plants. The disclosure further describes a process of producing plants of Jatropha species from anthers, wherein the Jatropha species includes but is not limited to haploid plants, double haploid plants, tetraploid plants or polyploid plants by employing the said composition. FIGURE 37
Patent SG-10201808963S-A (SG)
Title: Flow conditioning flow control device
Inventor: YIN WEIQI
Filed: 2015-04-13
Abstract: FLOW CONDITIONING FLOW CONTROL DEVICE A well screen assembly includes a tubing including a center bore and at least one aperture through the tubing between an outer radial surface of the tubing and an inner radial surface of the tubing; a filtration screen positioned around the tubing; a housing positioned around the tubing and including a fluid chamber in fluid communication with an outlet of the filtration screen; and a flow control device positioned in fluid communication with the outlet of the filtration screen and the at least one aperture to reduce a wall shear stress on at least one of the tubing or the at least one aperture. Figure 7
Patent SG-10201811830P-A (SG)
Title: 17-hydroxy-17-pentafluorethyl-estra-4,9(10)-dien-11-aryl derivatives, methods for the production thereof and use thereof for treating diseases
Inventor: SCHWEDE WOLFGANG
Filed: 2010-07-07
Abstract: XI) Fe OH F -- 17-HYDROXY-17-PENTAFLUORETHYL-ESTRA-4,9(10)-DIEN-11-ARYL DERIVATIVES, METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND USE THEREOF FOR TREATING DISEASES 5 The invention relates to 17-hydroxy-17-pentafluorethyl-estra-4,9(10)-dien-11-aryl derivatives of formula (I) exhibiting progesterone-antagonistic effects and to methods for the production thereof, to the use thereof for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases and to the use thereof for producing medicaments for the 10 treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular uterine fibroids (myomas, uterine leiomyomas), endometriosis, menorrhagia, meningiomas, hormone-dependent mammary carcinomas and menopause- associated troubles, or for fertility control and emergency contraception. Figure: None
Patent SG-11201804512Q-A (SG)
Title: Catalytic filter material
Inventor: STARK STEPHEN K
IPC: B01D39/16
Filed: 2016-12-16
Abstract: INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property -' Organization International Bureau ristspi id (43) International Publication Date .... ....r .„,„1 22 June 2017(22.06.2017) WIPO I PCT ID Hit (10) 1111111111111111111 WO International Ell 2017/106730 Publication 1111111111111111111111111111111RIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Number Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every BOlD 39/16 (2006.01) BOlD 39/08 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, BOlD 39/20 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, (21) International Application Number: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2016/067299 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, (22) International Filing Date: KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, 16 December 2016 (16.12.2016) MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, (25) Filing Language: English RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, (26) Publication Language: English TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/268,832 17 December 2015 (17.12.2015) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: W. L. GORE & ASSOCIATES, INC. GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, [US/US]; 555 Paper Mill Road, Newark, Delaware 19711 TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (US). TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (72) Inventors: STARK, Stephen K.; W. L. Gore & Associ- LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, ates, Inc., 551 Paper Mill Road, Newark, Delaware 19711 (US). PASMORE, John P.; W. L. Gore & Associates, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, Inc., 551 Paper Mill Road, Newark, Delaware 19711 (US). GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). EVES, Robert G.; W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., 551 Pa- Published: Mill Road, Newark, Delaware 19711 (US). per 21(3)) — with international search report (Art (74) Agents: BARKER, James et al.; Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP, 1100 Peachtree Street, Suite 2800, Atlanta, Georgia 30309 (US). 1-1 .4t C::: , M IN 0 1-1 N 1-1 (54) Title: CATALYTIC FILTER MATERIAL 0 ei (57) : An improved catalytic filter material for use in removing target species found in a fluid stream is provided. The filter ea ) material includes water wettable, high temperature staple fibers in the foiin of porous substrates that are attached to a high temperat - ,,..f we fluoropolymer woven scrim. The porous substrates have catalyst particles adhered (e.g., tethered) to the surfaces thereof by a polymer adhesive. Optionally, at least one microporous layer is positioned adjacent to or within the filter material.
Patent SG-11201809924Q-A (SG)
Title: Ic tag unit for instrument, ic tag system for instrument, instrument provided with ic tag unit, and method for calibrating instrument provided with ic tag unit
Inventor: KOBATA IWAO
IPC: G08C17/02
Filed: 2016-05-09
Abstract: To provide an IC tag unit, for an instrument, that can be retrofitted to an analog instrument, that does not impair the calibration state of the instrument, and that can read the value indicated by an indicator and take out the value to outside in a contactless manner. The IC tag unit includes a scale increment reading module 20 which reads operation of an indicator 55. An IC tag 11 performs wireless communication with a wireless reader 70 via an antenna 13' and includes a power module which extracts and supplies drive power for the IC tag by electromagnetic wave of the wireless communication. A sheet which holds the IC tag and an attachment layer which attaches the sheet to the transparent cover plate are provided. The IC tag is provided on the sheet at a position where the IC tag is not overlapped, in a viewing direction, with any of scale increments 56a and an indicating portion of the indicator at a time of mounting the IC tag to a transparent cover plate 53. The scale increment reading module includes a sensor 21 which is opposed to the indicator on the sheet and which reads the position of the indicator on the basis of relative movement thereof.
Patent SG-11201910011U-A (SG)
Title: Fluidized bed reactor and method for producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from benzene and methanol and/or dimethyl ether
Inventor: YE MAO
IPC: B01J8/24
Filed: 2017-11-24
Abstract: Disclosed is a fluidized bed reactor for producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from benzene and methanol and/or dimethyl ether, comprising a first distributor and a second distributor. The first distributor is located at the bottom of the fluidized bed, and the second distributor is located at the downstream of the first distributor along a gas flow direction. 5 Disclosed is a method for producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) a material stream A enters a reaction zone of the fluidized bed reactor from the first gas distributor; (2) a material stream B enters the reaction zone of the fluidized bed reactor from the second gas distributor; (3) a reactant contacts a catalyst in the reaction zone to generate a gas phase stream comprising para-xylene and light olefins. The 10 present invention coordinates and optimizes the competition between a benzene alkylation reaction and an MTO reaction by controlling the mass transfer to facilitate a synergistic effect between two reactions, so that the conversion rate of benzene and the yield of para-xylene are greatly increased.
Patent DK-158002-B (DK)
Inventor: SCHROMM KURT
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 1984-01-06
Abstract: Compounds of the formula   <IMAGE>   wherein (a) R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or 8-halo; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or a fused benzene ring; and R3 and R4, together with each other, are -N=N-NH-; or (b) R1 and R2, together with each other, are -N=N-NH-; R3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, 2-halo, 3-halo or 4-halo; and R4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or a fused benzene ring; and non-toxic, pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof formed with an inorganic or organic base. The compounds as well as their salts are useful as antiallergics.
Patent AT-409454-B (AT)
Title: Device for carrying out cryosurgical interventions, especially for treating tumors, has evaporated cryogenic medium carried away via return flow lines
Inventor: KORPAN NIKOLAI DR
IPC: A61B18/02
Filed: 1999-04-29
Granted: 2002-08-26
Abstract: The cryoinstrument has a housing (1) with a line for direct (2) and return (3) flow of a cryogenic medium, e.g. liquid nitrogen, with at least one closed end piece (4) forming a working surface (5) with an exterior side for cooling a tissue and a temperature sensor (7). An element is mounted in the housing with a porous structure (8) with its degree of porosity and pore size increasing from inside to outside so that the capillary forces of the porous structure are greater than the vapor pressure of any cryogenic medium evaporated on ridges (9). The evaporated cryogenic medium is carried away via lines for the return flow, if appropriate in channels (10) between the ridges, so that the liquid phase in the porous layer is unaffected.
Patent AT-390578-B (AT)
Inventor: RITTER GERHARD DIPL ING DR
IPC: B23K11/00
Filed: 1988-03-31
Granted: 1990-05-25
Abstract: The multi-spot welding machine working according to the electrical resistance method for fabricating grids or gratings by single-spot or double-spot welding has one transverse row each of electrodes (7, 8) on both sides of the welding plane (E-E) and at least one welding transformer (4) on one side of this plane, in which arrangement electrically conductive connections (20) passing through the welding plane are provided between the welding transformer (4) and the electrodes (8) lying on the welding-plane side remote from the welding transformer (4). The connections (20) close the electric welding circuit during the single-spot welding. To change over from single-spot welding to double-spot welding, the connections (20) passing through the welding plane (E-E) are dismantled, selected electrodes (8) on the welding-plane side remote from the welding transformer (4) are connected in pairs by current bridges (30), and in addition the feed line (10) from the welding transformer (4) to in each case one of the two electrodes (7) included in a double-spot welding section by the current bridge (30) on the welding-plane side facing the welding transformer is reversed in polarity (Fig. 2). 
<IMAGE>
Patent DK-162145-B (DK)
Inventor: METZNER WOLFGANG
IPC: B27K3/52
Filed: 1981-02-05
Abstract: 1. Wood preservative concentrate consisting of an emulsion or solution of I. 5-50, preferably 10-35 parts by weight a) of a not easily volatilized solvant (mixture) with a flashpoint over 30, preferably over 55 degrees C, b) of a water-insoluble insecticide (mixture) of a carbamate, a phosphoric acid ester, a thiophosphoric acid ester, a dithiophosphoric acid ester or a thionophosphoric acid ester, a chlorimated hydrocarbon, a pyrethroid and/or of endosulfan and/or of water-insoluble fungicide (mixture) of a tetravalent organotin compound, an ester of a chlorinated phenol, a 1-trityl-1,2,4-triazole of the general formula  see diagramm : EP0035096,P9,F2  in which R stands for a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a trifluoromethyl-, nitro- or cyano-group, an alkyl group with up to 4 carbon atoms and _n has the value 1 or 2, and their salts with organic or inorganic acids, a salt of the N-nitroso- N-cyclohexylhydroxylamine or (N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxy)- metal compound, preferably of an aluminium compound, a N,N-dimethyl-N'- phenyl-N'-(fluorodichloromethyl-thio)-sulphamide and/or N,N-dimethyl-N'-p-tolyl-N'- (di-chlorofluoromethylthio)-sulphamide, 2,5- dimethyl-furan-3-carboxylic acid anilide or cyclohexylamide or N-cyclohexyl-N-methoxy-2, 5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic- acid amide and/or 1-(p-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4,-triazolyl)- 2-butanone, II. 95-50, preferably 90-65 parts by weight, c) of a non-ionic emulsifier (mixture) of an ethoxylated phenol-, an ethoxylated alkyl-, aryl-, arylalkyl- phenol or an ethoxylated phenol containing one or more other side groups, an ethoxylated organic acid, preferably an ethoxylated nonylphenol and/or an ethoxylated fatty acid and d) a water-soluble cationic wetting agent (mixture) or solubilising agent of a fungicidally active arylalkylammonium compound, preferably a trialkylarylalkylammonium compound and/or a fungicidally active tertiary amine salt and, if required, water.
Patent DK-152305-B (DK)
Inventor: MARS HANS ALBERT
IPC: F04B49/00
Filed: 1983-02-23
Abstract: A capacity control valve for a compressor comprising a suction chamber (1) and a delivery chamber (2) and therebetween a connection (15) controlled by the control valve. The delivery chamber (2) is coupled to a pressure pipe. The control valve consists of a slide (7) provided axially slidable in a closed valve chamber (3, 4, 5 and 6). The wall of the valve chamber is provided with a number of ports (9) in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction of the slide 7. The ports (3) connect the internal space (3,4) of the valve chamber to the delivery chamber (2). At both sides of the ports (9), the spaces (4 and 3) of the valve chamber have a connector for connections to the suction chamber (1) and pressure pipe respectively. In both of the end positions of the slide (7), a sealing part (12) thereof engaging the valve chamber wall releases the ports (9) at least partly.
Patent HU-187984-B (HU)
Title: Web covering device for roofs covered by roofing profiled sheets
Inventor: HOFMANN KARL-HEINZ
IPC: E04D3/40
Filed: 1984-02-22
Abstract: Bei dieser First- oder Gratabdeckung sind zwischen den auf der First- oder Gratbohle (6) der Dachkonstruktion befestigten Abdeckkappen (7) und den Dacheindeckungsplatten (3) biegsame Dichtungsstreifen (9) angeordnet. 
     Damit die Dichtungsstreifen (9) bei den verschiedensten Dacheindeckungsplatten und Dachneigungen universell verwendet werden können, ist vorgesehen, daß sie einen biegsamen Trägerstreifen (10) aufweisen, der an einem oder beiden Längsrändern (11) mit einem kammartigen Randteil (12) aus elastisch verformbarem Material versehen ist, dessen Zähne (12a) mit einem die Zahnlücken überbrückenden Randstreifen (13) aus flexiblem Material auseinanderspreizbar verbunden sind, wodurch sich der äußere Längsrand (14) des Randstreifens dem Profil der Oberseite der darunterliegenden Dacheindeckungsplatten (3) anpaßt. 
     Sofern mit den Dichtungsstreifen (9) sowohl eine Abdichtung gegen Regen und Flugschnee als auch eine Entlüftung des Dachraumes ermöglicht werden soll, kann für den Randstreifen (13) ein luftdurchlässiger Vliesstoff, insbesondere aus Polyester- oder Polyamidfasern, Verwendung finden. Eine Entlüftung wird auch ermöglicht, wenn der Trägerstreifen (10) in seinem seitlich der First- oder Gratbohle (6) befindlichen Teil Lüftungsöffnungen aufweist und mti hochstehenden Auflagern für die Abdeckkappen (7) versehen ist.
Patent HU-205121-B (HU)
Title: Process for producing cefalosporing derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds
Inventor: ADAM FRIEDELM
IPC: C07D501/34
Filed: 1989-02-17
Abstract: Cephemcarboxylic acid esters of the general formula   <IMAGE>  +TR   <IMAGE>   pharmaceutical preparations which are active against bacterial infections, which contain such cephem derivatives, a process for the preparation of the cephem derivatives and the pharmaceutical preparations, and also the use of the cephem derivatives for combating bacterial infections.
Patent LT-3194-B (LT)
Title: Novel unhygroscopic ammonium salts
Inventor: POWELL FULGENCIO
IPC: C07F9/32
Filed: 1992-06-30
Abstract: New non-absorbent crystal mono-amino saline general I formulas, in which -R1 means hydroxyl or alkyl, -A means groups of C1-4 alkyl amino - or amino alkyl with primary or secondary amino-clumps, the best with - CH2-NH- or -CH(NH2)-CH2- groups.-B means amino ion or amino ion changed with alkyl. There are also methods to obtain this saline, producing the saline of the I formula according to any generally known method for saline abstraction, where - avoiding other pollution - in a saline forming process or after it, the formation of di-ammonium saline general V formula, in which -R1, A and B has the meanings described above, is eliminated or repressed. The described herbicidal or plant growth regulating compositions with this non-absorbent saline, its abstraction methods, and the processing methods of unacceptable plants and weeds, and also tough and flexible dry capsules for storing these compositions are made of polymers which are deliquescent in water.
Patent YU-45713-B (YU)
Title: Držač šipki za tepihe na stepeništu
Inventor: LAVRINC D
IPC: A47G27/04
Filed: 1985-04-29
Abstract: DRŽAČ ŠIPKI ZA TEPIHE NA STEPENIŠTU, koji se pričvršćuju na spoju gazišta i čela stepenica, naznačeni time, što je pipka (1) jednim krajem upuštena u kružno oblikovano udubljenje (2), čija dubina iznosi 1/5 ukupne širine držača (A), i na koje se nastavlja kružno oblikovani provrt (3), a drugim krajem upuštena u, u središnjem dijelu držača (B) izvedeno kružno oblikovano udubljenje (5), i oslonjena na slobodni kraj opruge (7). Prijava sadrži još 2 patentna zahteva.
Patent YU-49450-B (YU)
Inventor: KNEZEVIC NIKOLA
IPC: A01F29/06
Filed: 2000-02-15
Abstract: Masina za sitno secenje lekovitih trava, duvana i ostalih poljoprivrednih kultura, sa kucistem (1a) koje obuhvata postolje (1) sa nogarima (2), na kome je postavljen elektromotor (3) sa pripadajucom elektroinstalacijom kao i na vratilu uklinjenim kaisnikom (9) spregnutim klinastim kaisem odgovarajucim kaisnikom reduktora (10) postavljenim ispod postolja (1), pri cemu je ovo oiviceno ceonom stranom (18), zadnjom stranom (29) i bocnim stranama (31) i (31a) a zatvoreno je poklopcem (32) a ispod postolja (1) prema svom otvoru ucvrscen je levak (11), naznacena time, sto je prema sredini postolja (1) postavljen sa poklopcem (4a) zatvoreni sanducasti nosac (4) sa u aksijalno pomicnim lezistima ulezistenim bubnjem (5) sa na vratilu uklinjenim kaisnikom (7) spregnutim klinastim kaisevima sa kaisnikom (8) uklinjenim na vratilu elektromotora (3), pri cemu su na obimu bubnja (5) ucvrsceni, pod uglom u odnosu na njegovu osu kao i pod 120 razmaknuti izmenljivi i podesivi nozevi (6) a na nosacu (4) ucvrscen je vertikalni, podesivi i izmenljivi noz (19) cija je ledjna strana produzena ravnom limenom plocom (17) ucvrscenom nosacem (18a) na ceonoj strani (18) prolazeci kroz otvor na istoj strani (18) ucvrscenog levka-uvodnika (30), i sto su iznad ploce (17) postavljeni, po visini podesivi ulezisteni u lezistima, slobodno vertikalno pomerljivim u zlebovima (13), valjci (15) i (15a) preko kojih je prebacena elasticna beskonacna traka (16) a na slobodnim rukavcima ovih valjaka (15) i (15a) uklinjeni su gornji kaisnici (20) preko kojih su prebaceni elasticni rastegljivi kaisevi (21) koji obuhvataju svoje donje kaisnike (20a) uklinjene na krajevima vratila (28) i (28a) ulezistenih u lezistima u kucistima (27) i (27a) postavljenim na postolju (1), pri cemu je prikljuceni kaisnik (26) prvom ceonom kaisniku (20a) spregnut klinastim kaisem (25) sa svojim kaisnikom sa promenljivom ugaonom brzinom, unutar reduktora (10). Prijava sadrzi jos jedan zavisan patentni zahtev.
Patent AT-406784-B (AT)
Title: Hollow plastic strip with thermal insulation - has blocking foil in internal cavity or in at least one chamber of long side wall
IPC: E06B3/22
Filed: 1997-06-18
Granted: 2000-09-25
Abstract: The hollow plastic strip (1) has external walls (2-6 formed into parallel long side walls (7, 8) and transverse side walls (11, 12). The cavity (16) enclosed by the outer walls is divided by support webs (17-19) into chambers (20-22). In the cavity, or in at least one of the chambers in a long side wall, there is a blocking foil (25) at a spacing (26) from the side wall and parallel to it. The foil, if in a side wall chamber, divides the chamber into part chambers (27, 28).
Patent AT-390994-B (AT)
Title: Bottom guide for a partition wall for wet rooms
Inventor: PRADER WALTER
IPC: A47K3/34
Filed: 1987-07-10
Granted: 1990-07-25
Abstract: In the case of a bottom guide 1 for a partition wall for wet rooms, in particular for shower or bath partitioning with door elements 2 which are fitted individually in a top guide rail and, at their bottom end 4, have guide elements 5 which project into the bottom guide 1, the capacity for pivoting the door elements 2 horizontally out of the bottom guide 1 for cleaning purposes is provided in that a guide strip 11, which terminates the bottom guide 1 on the wet-room side, is mounted in a removable manner, via pins, in end elements 14 with guide grooves, said end elements being provided on the lateral frame 3. The guide strip 11 can be inserted and removed without any type of spring elements being used. <IMAGE>
Patent AT-413354-B (AT)
Inventor: BARTH GEROLD ING
IPC: B29C48/50
Filed: 1999-12-27
Granted: 2006-02-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a processing device for, especially thermoplastic, synthetic material. The inventive device consists of a disintegration device and/or a conveying device having an upstream disintegration device and of a directly connected extruding device. The disintegrating/conveying device consists of a knife-carrying processor drum/conveyor worm (3/9) or a combination thereof. Said drum/worm circulates in a conveyor pipe/worm trough (6/38) in a driven manner. Said pipe/worm is provided with a supply opening (11) directed towards the top and an outlet (10). The processing drum (3) or the conveyor worm (9) and the extruder worm (8) are aligned with the longitudinal axes (17, 20) and the processing drum/conveyor worm (3, 9) is detachably and mechanically connected to the extruder worm (8) and both are driven by a transmission (31) and a driving motor (34). The outlet (10) of the conveyor pipe (6) and the inlet (23) of the worm pipe (22) are axially arranged directly one behind the other or are connected by means of a transition pipe (21).
Patent AT-384451-B (AT)
Title: Apparatus for keeping bank linings and installations in stretches of water free of ice and apparatus for carrying out the method
IPC: E02B15/02
Filed: 1985-11-18
Granted: 1987-11-25
Abstract: The method is characterized in that, at ambient temperatures below the freezing point, at least essentially gas-free additional liquid in a liquid state of aggregation, preferably warmer water, the temperature of which is markedly above the freezing point, is admitted to the water around the objects to be protected or to these objects themselves and thus an ice- free zone is retained around the objects. The apparatus is characterized in that, by means of a delivery device arranged below the water level, the additional liquid in a liquid state of aggregation can be delivered into a feed line, preferably laid at a depth safe from freezing, and subsequently into an underwater distribution line and can be distributed with nozzles so as to cover the surface in the vicinity of the objects to be protected. <IMAGE>