baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent KR-20080060005-A (KR)
Title: A mechanical valve for semiconductor equipment
Inventor: KIM CHUL HO
IPC: H01L21/02
Filed: 2006-12-26
Abstract: A mechanical valve of a semiconductor device is provided to prevent contamination of tubes by preventing abrasion and breakage of an O-ring. One end of a valve head(20) comes in contact with a vertical tube. An O-ring(21) is inserted into the center of the valve head. A head shaft(30) is extended to the other end of the valve head in order to move the valve head linearly. A power shaft(50) includes a thread(53) on the outer periphery and a wrench groove(51) at one end. A power transmission shaft(60) is formed at the other end of the power shaft in order to transmit the power to the head shaft. A guide groove(40) is formed on the outer periphery of the head shaft in order to transmit the power of the power transmission shaft and to guide the valve head when the valve head to control the rotation power.
Patent KR-20080060037-A (KR)
Title: Apparatus and method for setting shut down temperature according to cpu characteristic in pc system
Inventor: JUNG CHANG KWON
IPC: G06F1/00
Filed: 2006-12-26
Abstract: A device and a method for setting a system shut-down temperature according to characteristics of a CPU are provided to increase the tripping efficiency of a PC by setting a trip temperature suitable for the characteristics of the CPU automatically without tuning the trip temperature of each CPU. A TCC(Thermal Control Circuit)(101) outputs a temperature control signal corresponding to temperature detected from the inside of a CPU(100). A shut-down trip setting unit(120) changes and sets shut-down trip temperature suitable for characteristics of the CPU by responding to the temperature control signal output from the TCC. The TCC outputs a temperature control signal having a different pulse width depending on the characteristics of the CPU. A pulse width detector(110) outputs the pulse width to the shut-down trip setting unit by detecting the pulse width received from the TCC.
Patent KR-20080062964-A (KR)
Title: Gas sensor using nano material and method for preparing the same
Inventor: JU BYEONG KWON
IPC: G01N27/12
Filed: 2006-12-30
Abstract: A gas sensor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to manufacture a gas sensor using a nano material, such as nano tube and nano wire, in large quantities. A gas sensor using a nano material includes a semiconductor substrate(100), a heater electrode(130), an insulation layer(140), a sensor electrode(150), a detection portion(160), and an upper portion protective layer(170). The semiconductor substrate consists of a silicon oxide layer(110) and a silicon nitride layer(120) which are deposited in sequence. The heater electrode is formed on the silicon nitride film and consists of heater arrays in the IDE(InterDigitated Electrode) pattern. The insulation layer is formed on the heater electrode except an electrode terminal portion. The sensor electrode is formed on the insulation layer and consists of sensor arrays in the IDE pattern. The detection portion is formed on the sensor electrode and is distributed to electrically contact the sensor electrode through a nano tube or a nano wire. The upper portion protective layer is laminated on a portion except the detection portion and the electrode terminal portion.
Patent KR-20060052831-A (KR)
Title: Flip chip mounting substrate
Inventor: NAKATA YASUKAZU
IPC: H01L23/498
Filed: 2004-07-30
Abstract: The present invention provides a flip chip mounting substrate in which a circuit line and an electronic circuit constituted by two mounting pads connected to both ends of the circuit line is fabricated on one surface of a base sheet, two mounting pads face each other and spaced at a pad interval, and one or more semiconductor mounting paste guide paths are formed in the mounting pads. Voids that might be produced in the semiconductor mounting paste can be reduced when flip-chip-mounting an IC chip on a flip chip mounting substrate.
Patent KR-20060041259-A (KR)
Title: Cloth for skin cleaning and process for producing the same
Inventor: KIYOMURA YOSHITERU
IPC: D03D15/00
Filed: 2003-07-22
Abstract: A cloth for skin cleaning, comprising a high-density knit or woven fabric of 5000 fibers/2.54 cm or more both warpwise and weftwise composed of synthetic fibers of 0.001 to 1.0 dtex monofilament fineness characterized in that the high-density knit or woven fabric exhibits a bubble average diameter, measured in accordance with JIS K3832, of 1 to 20 mum and a water transmissivity of 1.0 to 10 x 10-4 ml/sec.m2 or less and contains a pyridine type antimicrobial agent and at the periphery thereof, is fusion cut.
Patent KR-20060056365-A (KR)
Title: Diffuser disk for lcd applications, method for the production and use thereof
Inventor: PARUSEL MARKUS
IPC: C08J5/00
Filed: 2004-05-12
Abstract: The invention relates to diffuser disks for LCD applications, comprising at least one light-diffusing polymethylmethacrylate layer, which has a polymethylmethacrylate matrix and 0.5 % by weight to 59.5 % by weight, with regard to the weight of the light-diffusing polymethylmethacrylate layer, of spherical diffusing particles (A), which have an average particle size V50 ranging from 0.1 to 40 mum and a refractive index difference from the polymethylmethacrylate matrix ranging from 0.02 to 0.2, and 0.5 % by weight to 59.5 % by weight, with regard to the weight of the light-diffusing polymethylmethacrylate layer, of spherical particles (B), which have an average particle size V 50 ranging from 10 to 150 mum and a refractive index difference from the polymethylmethacrylate matrix ranging from 0 to 0.2, whereby the total concentration of the spherical diffusing particles (A) and particles (B) ranges from 1 to 60 % by weight with regard to the weight of the light-diffusing polymethylmethacrylate layer, and the spherical diffusion particles (A) and the spherical particles (B) have a different average particle size V50, whereby the diffuser disks have a transmission ranging from 20 % to 70 % and a diffusion coefficient factor greater than 0.3, and the ratio of the square of the average surface roughness of the polymethylmethacrylate layer Rz to the cube of the particle size of the spherical particles (B) RZ2/DPB3 ranges from 0.0002 mum-1 to 0.1300 mum- 1.
Patent KR-20060079217-A (KR)
Title: Process for the synthesis of 6-amino-4-[(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino]-7-ethoxy-quinoline-3-carbonitrile
Inventor: DAIGNEAULT SYLVAIN
IPC: C07C233/43
Filed: 2004-09-15
Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 6- amino-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylamino)-7-ethoxy-quinoline-3-carbonitrile comprising the steps and products disclosed within this application.
Patent KR-20070007248-A (KR)
Title: Connector for medical liquid-containing packages and medical liquid-containing packages
Inventor: BRANDENBURGER TORSTEN
IPC: A61M39/20
Filed: 2004-10-15
Abstract: The invention relates to a connector for medical liquid-containing packages, in particular to infusion or transfusion bags comprising a connection element (1) provided with a channel-shaped opening (1c) in which a self-sealing membrane (8) is arranged. A breakable part (17) which is connected to the connection piece closes the channel-shaped opening. Above the membrane (8), said connection element is embodied in the form a connection piece (13) comprising an internal cone (14) and external thread (15), the membrane (8) being sealed for receiving a syringe cone shaft. The inventive connector makes it possible to inject an active substance by means of a conventional Luer lock syringe devoid of an injection cannula (needle). ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20060094534-A (KR)
Title: Method for the production of fluoromethyl-substituted heterocycles
Inventor: LANTZSCH REINHARD
IPC: C07D277/30
Filed: 2004-10-19
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of fluoromethyl-substituted heterocycles of formula (I), where R1, R2, R3 and A have the meanings given in the description, by fluorination of the corresponding chloromethyl-substituted precursors.
Patent KR-20070007029-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for ds-cdma interference suppression using code-specific combining
Inventor: FULGHUM TRACY L
IPC: H04B1/10
Filed: 2004-11-12
Abstract: Interference, such as inter-symbol interference, from a symbol of interest in a RAKE receiver (200) is reduced. The RAKE receiver comprises a plurality of RAKE fingers (220), a processor (230), and a combiner (232). The plurality of RAKE fingers despread symbols received over multiple paths of a multi-path channel. The processor determines cross-correlations between symbol waveforms from different symbols and multiple paths. The combiner combines the despread symbols using the cross-correlations to reduce interference from the symbol of interest. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20060134941-A (KR)
Title: Rotating polishing tool
Inventor: NISHIKI NAOMI
IPC: B24D13/08
Filed: 2004-07-05
Abstract: A rotating polishing tool capable of finishing a polished surface to a specified surface roughness and having excellent durability, wherein a generally cylindrical polishing member (3) is formed of a pair of polishing units (9) at both end parts thereof and an intermediate part (10) installed between the pair of polishing units (9). The polishing member (3) is supported rotatably around the center axis thereof, and the polished surface is polished by the peripheral surface of the polishing member (3). The polishing units (9) is formed by pressingly holding multiple sheets of abrasive cloth and paper (7) by internal metal fittings (8), and form the peripheral edges of the abrasive cloth and paper (7) in a meandering shape. The intermediate part (10) is formed by stacking the large number of sheets of abrasive cloth and paper (7) on each other and axially pressing the cloth and paper by the polishing units (9). By pressing and adapting the intermediate part (10) to the polishing units (9), the peripheral edges of the abrasive cloth and paper (7) can be formed in the meandering shape. Since any clearance is not formed between the sheets of the abrasive cloth and paper (7), the surface roughness of the polished surface can be stabilized and the durability of the polishing member (3) can also be increased.
Patent KR-20070001954-A (KR)
Title: Organic-inorganic composite nanofiber, organic-inorganic composite structure and method for producing those
Inventor: JIN REN HUA
IPC: C08J3/00
Filed: 2005-02-14
Abstract: Disclosed is an organic-inorganic composite nanofiber composed of a crystalline polymer filament made of a polymer having a linear polyethyleneimine skeleton and a silica covering the crystalline polymer filament. Also disclosed are a structure composed of such an organic-inorganic composite nanofiber, and a method for producing the same. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20060116020-A (KR)
Title: Method and apparatus for providing fast detection of a high speed shared control channel
Inventor: STERNBERG GREGORY S
IPC: H04B17/40
Filed: 2005-02-02
Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing fast detection of a high speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH). The HS- SCCH carries information necessary for receiving data via a high speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH). The apparatus receives messages transmitted via a plurality of HS-SCCHs. The apparatus measures a channel quality for the messages received via each HS-SCCH. The apparatus performs a threshold test by comparing the channel quality with a predetermined threshold. The apparatus then selects a HS-SCCH having the best channel quality among the HS-SCCHs.
Patent KR-20060118003-A (KR)
Title: Framework of media-independent pre-authentication
Inventor: DUTTA ASHUTOSH
IPC: H04L9/32
Filed: 2006-02-06
Abstract: This application describes, among other things, a framework of Media-independent Pre-Authentication (MPA), a new handover optimization mechanism that has a potential to address issues on existing mobility management protocols and mobility optimization mechanisms. MPA is a mobile-assisted, secure handover optimization scheme that works over any link-layer and with any mobility management protocol. This application also shows, among other things, an initial implementation of MPA in our testbed and some performance results to show how existing protocols could be leveraged to realize the functionalities of MPA.
Patent KR-20070020222-A (KR)
Title: Method and device for instruction a user
Inventor: MAASE JENS
IPC: G05B19/10
Filed: 2005-02-01
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for instructing a user during the operation of an appliance (1). Said method comprises the step of issuing information (3) via at least one output device (4) for instructing the user with regard to the operation of the appliance. The method also comprises the additional step of identifying a control element (2) of the device, which is to be taken into account by the user during the instruction of the latter by means of at least one marker element. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out said method and to the use of the inventive device in a domestic appliance in order to simplify the instruction of a user during the operation of the domestic appliance. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070011371-A (KR)
Title: Polypeptide inducing the secretion of angiopoietin
Inventor: CHO YANG JE
IPC: A61K38/00
Filed: 2004-03-31
Abstract: A polypeptide is provided to be able to induce the secretion of angiopoietin, thereby being used as a therapeutic agent to facilitate a formation of a normal structure of blood vessel. The protein for inducing an angiopoietin-1 secretion comprises an amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO 1. The therapeutic agent for treating angiogenesis-related diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, ischemic myocardium, skin flap survival, heart failure, acute hindlimb ischemia and ocular diseases comprises an effective amount of the angiopoietin-1 secretion-inducing proteins comprising the protein of SEQ ID NO 1.
Patent KR-20070001238-A (KR)
Title: Magnesium compound, catalyst for olefin polymerization and method for producing olefin polymer
Inventor: TANASE SHOJIRO
IPC: C07C29/70
Filed: 2005-04-19
Abstract: Disclosed is a magnesium compound represented by the following formula (I). Mg(OC2H5)2-n(OR1)n (I) [In the formula, R1 represents CmH2m+1 (wherein m is an integer of 3-10), and n satisfies 0 < n < 0.35.] Also disclosed are a solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization and catalyst for olefin polymerization using such a magnesium compound. Further disclosed are a propylene random copolymer produced by using such a catalyst for olefin polymerization and a method for producing an olefin homopolymer such as a propylene block copolymer. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070007860-A (KR)
Title: Low noise sample and hold circuit
Inventor: XU WEIZE
IPC: H04N5/378
Filed: 2005-04-27
Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels for capturing incident light that is converted to a signal representing an image; wherein noise is combined with a signal representing both the image and a reset level; a plurality of dark reference pixels that generate noise that substantially correspond or equally correspond to the noise in the image and reset level; and a sample and hold circuit that reads out the image signal and cancels or substantially cancels out the noise from the image signal and reset level by canceling the noise from image and reset level with the noise generated from the dark reference pixels. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070012441-A (KR)
Title: Mobile map display device, map display system, and map display method
Inventor: OKEYA SHIGEO
IPC: H04M1/00
Filed: 2005-03-31
Abstract: A mobile map display device has a terrestrial magnetism sensor for measuring terrestrial magnetism, a display section, and a control section capable of calculating a geographical bearing based on the value measured by the terrestrial magnetism sensor and having first display processing and second processing where, when the control section obtains a map and makes it displayed on the display section, the first display processing causes the map to be displayed in a direction associated with the calculated bearing and the second display processing causes the map to be displayed in a manner fixed in a predetermined bearing. In displaying the map, upon detecting deterioration in the accuracy of the terrestrial magnetism sensor, the control section causes the map to be displayed by the second display processing. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007
Patent KR-20070016175-A (KR)
IPC: H01L27/115
Filed: 2005-07-04
Abstract: 본 발명은 불휘발성기억장치에 관한 것으로, 저항변화재료를 이용한 불휘발성 기억장치에서는 결정과 비정질이 혼재하면, 결정화 시간이 빨라 정보유지수명을 짧게 하고 있었다. 저항변화 재료에 접하는 재료의 열전도율이 높지 않아서 개서시의 열방산이 신속하게 행해지지 않고 개서에 장시간을 요하고 있었다. 본 발명은, 저항 변화재료와 하부전극의 접촉면적, 및 상부전극과의 접촉면적을 동일하게 하여 전류경로를 균일하게 하였다. 저항 변화재료의 측벽에 열전도율이 높은 재료를 접촉하여 배치하고 또한 그 단부를 하부전극에도 접촉시키는 구조를 제공하는 기술을 제공한다.
Patent KR-20070115583-A (KR)
Title: Method for preparing 5-[4-(2-hydroxy-ehtyl)-3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-3h-[1,2,4]-triazin-2-yl]-benzamide derivatives with p2x7 inhibiting activity by reaction of the derivative unsubstituted in 4-position of the triazine with an oxiran in the presence of a lewis acid
Inventor: LEONARD JASON ALBERT
IPC: C07D253/02
Filed: 2005-06-17
Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of preparing compounds of formula (I), R7 is-CH2-C(R10R11)-OH, wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, phenyl, and (C1-C6)alkyl optionally substituted with one to three halos, hydroxy,-CN, (C1-C6)alkoxy-,((C1-C6) alkyl)n-N-,(C1-C6)alkyl-(C=O)-,(C3-C8)cycloalkyl-(C=O)-, 5 or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl-(C=O)-,phenyl-(C=O)-,naphthyl-(C=O)-,5-or 6-membered heteroaryl-(C=O)-, (C1-C6)alkyl-(C=O)O-,(C1-C6) alkyl-O(C=O)-,(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, 5 or 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, and 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2 and R4 have any of the values as defined in the specification. Wherein said method comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (VIII) in the presence of at least one Lewis acid. The compounds are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases, including inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Also provided are compositions of crystalline 2-Chloro-N-(1-hydroxy-cycloheptylmethyl)-5-[4-(2R-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-[1,2,4]triazin-2-yl]-benzamide comprising less than 2.5% residual organic solvent, and methods for preparing said compositions. Further provided are methods for crystallizing 2-Chloro-N-(1-hydroxy-cycloheptylmethyl)-5-[4-(2R-hydroxy-3-methoxy-propyl)-3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-[1,2,4]triazin-2-yl]-benzamide.
Patent KR-20080098456-A (KR)
Inventor: YOU YOUNG SUK
IPC: G06K17/00
Filed: 2007-01-09
Abstract: 본 발명은 광고표시화면을 이용하여 광고콘텐츠를 표시하는 현장광고수단에서, 이 현장광고수단에 있는 무선자동인식장치를 통해 현장광고수단에 접근한 피광고인에 있어를 대상으로 하여, 이 피광고인이 소지한 물건에 부착되어진 무선자동인식매체를 감지, 판독하고 여기서 획득한 정보를 이용하여 피광고인에게 가치있는 광고 콘텐츠를 화면에 출력하거나 이 광고에 연관된 정보를 종이에 인쇄하거나 카드에 저장하는 형태로 제공하는 서비스에 관한 방법 및 시스템에 관한 것이다. 
        본 발명의 목적을 달성하기 위해, 현장광고수단에 접근하는 생명체인 피광고인 자체가 아닌, 피광고인의 관심을 대변할 것으로 예측되는 피광고인이 소지한 물건(예를들어 옷, 모자, 신발, 가방, 시장바구니, 운동기구등)의 속성정보(예를들어 구입시점, 유통기한, 구입장소, 브랜드등)를 활용하고자 하며, 이를 위한 구체적인 기술적 방법으로서, 피광고인이 소지한 물건에 부착된 무선자동인식매체를 무선자동인식장치로 감지, 판독한 후 판독된 데이타를 수집, 정제, 분석하고 이를 정보화하여, 이 정보를 피광고인이 관심을 가질 것으로 예상되는 상품이나 서비스의 광고 콘텐츠를  선별 도출하여 피광고인에게 보다 적시적이고 의미있는 정보를 맞춤형태로서, 화면 또는 출력장치를 통해 제공하는 광고게재대행 서비스를 수행하고자 한다. 
        본 발명이 실현될 경우 얻어지는 가장 큰 기대효과는 광고주가 해당 고객(피광고인)의 성향을 간접적으로 파악하여 타켓 마케텡, 즉 피광고인 개인에게 그 시점에서 가장 유효적절하고 필요한 광고를 제공한다는 것이다.  현재 피광고인이 소지한 물건에는 상기의 무선자동인식매체가 아닌 바코드가 부착되어있다. 그러나 바코드는 짧은 인식거리로 인해 무의식적으로 피광고인이 소지한 사물의 정보를 수집할 수 없어 피광고인이 소지한 사물을 통해 구매패턴등을 분석하여 개인화된 마케팅등에 활용하기 어렵다. 본 발명이 구현되고 사물에 부착되는 태그가 바코드에서 RFID등의 저렴한 무선자동인식매체로 전환될 경우 본 서비스는 기업(광고주)의 고객들에 대한 타켓팅된 광고 마케팅으로 상당한 기여를 할 것으로 보인다. 
        본 발명의 기반기술인 자동인식식별기술로는 RFID(Radio Frequency Identi- fication), Bluetooth, Rubee, ZigBee,UWB(Ultra Wide Band)등이 있다. 현재 비용효율적인 측면에서 매우 각광받고 있는 RFID의 경우 반도체 Chip과 무선안테나로 구성된 RFID태그가 전술한 무선자동인식매체가 되며 RFID리더기가 무선자동인식장치가 될 것이다. Bluetooth, Rubee, ZigBee등 RFID와 유사한 무선통신기술도 데이타를 저장하고 전달하는 무선자동인식매체 및 통신장치와 이를 무선으로 판독하는 무선자동인식장치를 통해 본 발명을 구현하는 기반기술이 될 수 있다.  
        또한 발명의 구현은 인터넷, 방송, 신문, 잡지등의 매체가 아닌 실제공간에 거치되는 현장광고수단을 통해 이루어진다. 여기서 현장이라함은 매장공간, 지하철역, 도로, 버스정류장등의 고정공간과 지하철, 버스등의 이동형 수단을 의미하며, 현장광고수단은 이러한 현장에 거치된 옥외광고수단(옥상간판, 야립(野立)간판등) 및 키오스크단말기와 같은 표시수단, 벽걸이형태 판넬등이 해당된다. 또한 현장광고수단내에서 광고가 노출, 표시되는 출력매체는 LCD,PDP,CRT등 디지털화면을 제어할 수 있는 광고표시화면와 광고와 관련한 정보를 종이 형태로 인쇄하는 종이인쇄장치 및 M/S카드입력이나 I/C카드등 카드형태에 저장하는 카드입력장치등이 해당된다. 
       
        현장광고수단, RFID, 무선자동인식, 광고, 광고콘텐츠. 광고게재 대행, PAN
Patent KR-20080066337-A (KR)
Title: Semiconductor memory apparatus and semiconductor integrated circuit with the same
Inventor: KU KIE BONG
IPC: G11C7/10
Filed: 2007-01-12
Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus and a semiconductor integrated circuit including the same are provided to increase time margin between output data and a data output strobe signal. A rising output data generation part(110) generates rising output data from rising data in response to a rising clock and a rising output enable signal. A rising data output buffer(120) buffers the rising output data. A falling output data generation part(130) generates falling output data from falling data in response to a falling clock and a falling output enable signal. A falling data output buffer(140) buffers the falling output data.
Patent KR-20080067898-A (KR)
Title: Expanded ptfe gasket for the flange pipes and the manufacturing method thereof
Inventor: LIM CHUL HO
IPC: F16J15/10
Filed: 2007-01-17
Abstract: An expanded PTFE(Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene) gasket for a flange pipe and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve productivity thereof by being installed on an accurate position of a pipe. A manufacturing method of an expanded PTFE gasket(20) for a flange pipe includes the steps of: slicing an expandable PTFE gasket sheet into several pieces in precision with a uniform thickness using a usual method not influencing positions of bolt holes of a flange; inserting a reinforcement material between the sliced expanded PTFE gasket sheets; applying an adhesive on an internal surface of the sliced expanded PTFE gasket sheet; adhering each sliced expanded PTFE gasket sheet; and completing adhesion of the sliced expanded PTFE gasket sheet using a roller.
Patent KR-20080067918-A (KR)
Title: Slide module and portable terminal having the same
Inventor: JANG CHANG YONG
IPC: H04B1/38
Filed: 2007-01-17
Abstract: A slide module and a portable terminal having the module are provided to have an elastic power supply unit which supplies elastic power to make the first body automatically slide when the first body is relatively slid up and down on the second body, thereby improving durability and reliability. The first mobile member(52) is mounted on one side of a supporting member(50) to slide thereon, and is rotatively connected to the first slide member. The second mobile member(54) is mounted on the other side of the supporting member to slide thereon, and is rotatively supported on the second slide member. The first elastic member(56) provides elastic power to the first mobile member. The second elastic member(58) is disposed on an opposite side of the first elastic member not to be overlapped with the first elastic member, and provides elastic power to the second mobile member.