Patent GB-588992-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in creaming of synthetic rubber latices
IPC: C08C1/08
Filed: 1945-03-13
Abstract: A process for creaming an aqueous emulsion of a polymer or copolymer of a butadiene 1 : 3, comprises carrying out the creaming operation in the presence of a hydrophilic colloidal creaming agent, an abietate soap and a material selected from the group consisting of soaps of aliphatic acids having chains of 8 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule, salts of the sulphated and sulphonated esters of such acids, salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of aliphatic alcohols having chains of 8-24 carbon atoms, and reaction products of ethylene oxide with such aliphatic alcohols, preferably the reaction product with oleyl alcohol.  The hydrophilic colloidal creaming agent may be a vegetable mucilage such as an alginate, pectate or an extract obtained from plants belonging to the genera Cassia, Ceratonia, Caesalpinia, Poinciana, Astralagus and Acacia, from the seaweed Chondrus Crispus, the stem of the cactus Opuntia monocantha, the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the pods of Hibiscus esculentus, the seeds of Tamarindus indica, tubers of Amorphophallus or corms of Crocus. Alternatively, synthetic creaming agents such as polyacrylates, or alkylated celluloses or hemicelluloses may be used. The abietate soap may be the alkali metal, ammonium, diethylammonium or amine salt of any form of abietic acid, such as crude or purified rosin, hydroabietic acid or abietic acid treated in the presence of catalysts.  The soaps of aliphatic acids may be the alkali metal, ammonium or amine salts of saturated and unsaturated acids such as stearic, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, myristic or lauric acid.  The salts of the sulphated or sulphonated esters of such aliphatic acids may be the surface active agents known under the Registered Trade Mark "Igepon A" or Trade name "Arctic Syntax A."  The salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of aliphatic alcohols may be the alkali metal, ammonium and dimethyl-ammonium salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, mirystyl, lauryl or octyl alcohol or the cocoanut oil alcohols.  The polymer may be polymerized butadiene 1 : 3, methyl-2-butadiene 1 : 3, chloro-2-butadiene 1 : 3, 2, 3-dimethyl-butadiene 1 : 3 or 1 : 3 pentadiene.  The copolymer may be the product obtained by copolymerizing one of the above butadienes with a substance which contains the CH2 =C= group such as styrene, vinyl naphthalene, the a -methylene carboxylic acids and their esters, nitrites and amides such as acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, isobutylene, methyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ketone and vinylidene chloride. These additional substances may be incorporated in the synthetic rubber latex at any stage prior to the creaming, some, at least, may be added as emulsifying agents prior to polymerisation. Dimethylamine may also be added.ALSO:A process for creaming an aqueous emulsion of a polymer or copolymer of a butadiene 1 : 3, comprises carrying out the creaming operation in the presence of a hydrophilic colloidal creaming agent, an abietate soap and a material selected from the group consisting of soaps of aliphatic acids having chains of 8 to 24 carbon atoms in the molecule, salts of the sulphated and sulphonated esters of such acids, salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of aliphatic alcohols having chains of 8-24 carbon atoms, and reaction products of ethylene oxide with such aliphatic alcohols preferably the reaction product with oleyl alcohol.  The hydrophilic colloidal creaming agent may be a vegetable mucilage such as an alginate, pectate or an extract obtained from plants belonging to genera Cassia, Ceratonia, Caesalpinia, Poinciana, Astralagus and Acacia, from the seaweed Chondrus Crispus, the stem of the cactus Opuntia monocantha, the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, the pods of Hibiscus esculentus, the seed of Tamarindus indica, tubers of Amorphophallus or corms of Crocus. Alternatively, synthetic creaming agents such as polyacrylates, or alkylated celluloses or hemicelluloses may be used.  The abietate soap may be the alkali metal, ammonium, diethyl-ammonium or amine salt of any form of abietic acid, such as crude or purified rosin, hydroabietic acid or abietic acid treated in the presence of catalysts.  The soaps of aliphatic acids may be the alkali metal, ammonium or amine salts of saturated or unsaturated acids such as stearic, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, myristic or lauric acid.  The salts of the sulphated or sulphonated esters of such aliphatic acids may be the surface active agents known under the Registered Trade Mark "Igepon A" or Trade name "Arctic Syntax A."  The salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of aliphatic alcohols may be the alkali metal, ammonium and dimethyl-ammonium salts of the sulphates and sulphonates of cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, mirystyl, lauryl or octyl alcohol or the cocoanut oil alcohols.  The polymer may be polymerized butadiene 1 : 3, methyl-2-butadiene 1 : 3, chloro-2-butadiene 1 : 3, 2, 3 dimethyl butadiene 1 : 3 or 1 : 3 pentadiene.  The copolymer may be the product obtained by copolymerizing one of the above butadienes with a substance which contains the CH2=C=group such as styrene, vinyl naphthalene, the a  methylene carbonylic acids and their esters, nitrites and amides such as acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile methacrylonitrile, methacrylamide, isobutylene, methyl vinyl ether, methyl vinyl ketone and vinylidene chloride.  These additional substances may be incorporated in the synthetic rubber latex at any stage prior to the creaming, some, at least, may be added as emulsifying agents prior to polymerization. Dimethylamine may also be added.