Patent GB-303511-A (GB)
Title: Lathe mechanisms for oval turning
IPC: B23Q27/00
Filed: 1929-01-01
Abstract: 303,511. CassÚ M. Jan. 5, 1928, [Convention date]. Turning; reproducing mechanism.-In a lathe mechanism for turning oval forms in wood or metal, and particularly applicable to pouncing and other machines used in the hat-making industry, a rigid frame carryirg the rotatable work-spindle is guided at one point in a curved path such as a circle and at another point in a straight line which passes through the mean position of the work spindle and through the operating-tool, these two movements each having a frequency equal to twice the frequency of rotation of the work spindle. Thus in Fig. 1, the workpiece P is mounted on a spindle A carried by a frame Q. A spindle B mounted in the frame Q is geared to rotate at twice the speed of the spindle A and is caused to move on a circular path under the constraint of a crank whose shaft is rotatably mounted in a stationary frame. The length of the crank B E is equal to half the difference of the semi-axes of the ellipse. A pin C mounted in the frame Q is guided by means of a link C D so that it moves approximately on a line passing through the mean position of the spindle A and through shaft E. The tool O is located in the line E C representing the approximate path of the pin. The movement of the crank E B combined with the sliding movement of the frame on the pin C causes the work piece to remain in all positions tangential to the line O representing the tool so that the cutting angle remains constant. The mechanism may also be arranged so that the cutting speed follows a predetermined law. In the case shown in Fig. 2, if the shaft B rotates at twice the speed of the shaft A, the circle T may be considered as rolling without slipping on the circle R and a point such as E on the circle T will describe an ellipse U during such rolling movement. Since C is an instantaneous centre of rotation, the line E C is normal to the ellipse and a point O at a fixed distance from E will describe a parallel P to the ellipse, all such curves having the same centre and the same difference between the major and minor axis as the basic ellipse U. The eccentricity of the basic ellipse may be increased by choosing a point E close to the circumference of the circle T. Instead of moving the axis A in relation to a stationary tool the axis A may be fixed and the frame E, C. 0 guided at C either in a guide or by a swinging link may form the movable system. For producing curves of "egg" shape such as are required in hat manufacture, the eccentricity of the point B may be varied during operation. The invention may be applied to lathes wherein the work piece is mounted on a spindle 16, Fig. 3, at the intersection of perpendicular slides 17, IS which are rigidly connected together and whose guides are moved by shafts 19, 20. One or both of the guides may be curved to modify the oval produced. According to the invention, the spindle 16 is mounted in a frame 23, and carries a pinion 21 geared to a pinion 24 also mounted in the frame. The frame 23 is guided at C by means of a link 28. The virtual crank E B may be considered to rotate at twice the speed of the shafts 19, 20, and thus the virtual crank E B corresponds to the crank E B in Fig. 1. Instead of mounting the shaft of the pinion 21 at the intersection 16 of the slides, the shaft may be offset from this point and will then describe a conchoid of the circle described by the point 16. The outline of the oval thus becomes unsymmetrical about the minor axis. In another modification, Figs. 5 and 6, a sleeve 5 carrying a driving pulley 4 represents the shaft E. A block 7 adjustable by a rod 9, carries an oblique rod 15 for varying the eccentricity of a block 13 movable in guides 14 and representing the shaft B. The block 19 carries a gear 1 engaging an annular wheel 2 of twice the diameter of the gear 1. Thus when motion is imparted to the pulley 4 a housing 3b carrying the work spindle A is rotated by the wheel 1. At the same time a bodily circular movement is imparted to the casing 3 and work spindle by means of the eccentric mechanism, the casing 3 being guided at C by means of the link C D. The mechanism thus acts in the manner indicated in Fig. 1 and the work-piece P is always presented tangentially to the operating tool O. In a modification, the shafts A and B may be connected by spur gearing instead of the internal wheel 2 and in this form the gearing may be arranged so that the angular speed of the work piece is less while cutting the sides than while cutting the ends of the oval. In a further modification the shafts A and B may be connected by the mechanism shown in Fig. 10, the distances from the point C to the respective shafts A, B and E being variable to change the forms of the ovals produced.