Patent GB-440642-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to cleansing agents in the form of emulsions
IPC: C09K23/42
Filed: 1934-06-18
Abstract: Materials, particularly rigid surfaces such as metal, wood, &c., are cleansed by treatment with emulsions of water-insoluble organic cleansing agents of a fatty oily or waxy character in water or aqueous solutions obtained by means of organic unsaponifiable water-insoluble compounds containing at least two free hydroxy groups and at least one higher aliphatic or cycloaliphatic residue connected to the residue containing the hydroxy groups by an oxygen or sulphur bridge.  The higher residue may be the octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetrodecyl oleyl and octadecyl residues, and the residue containing the hydroxy groups may be that of propane, butane, pentane or hexane. A number of these residues may be connected by ether linkages. Suitable compounds include the higher mono-alkyl ethers of glycerol, di-glycerol or polyglycerol; ethers of erythrite and pentaerythrite and of sugar alcohols, e.g. sorbite, mannite or dulcite; the corresponding ethers of naphthenic and resinic alcohols; the higher (b -g -dihydroxyl propyl)-alkyl sulphides in which the alkyl residue is from C8 to C16.  These sulphides may also be oxidized to sulphones which may also be used.  Suitable cleansing agents include solvents, e.g. benzine, ligroin, petroleum ether, also petroleum, spindle oils, lubricating oils and transformer oils and aromatic compounds, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, napthalene, cyclohexane, tetrahydronaphthalene and decahydronapthalene.  Other materials such as oils, fats, waxes, tallow oils, soaps, e.g. sodium and calcium soaps of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, alkaline earth and aluminium soaps, amides and anilides.  The emulsions may be employed for cleaning and preserving such surfaces as metal, wood, lacquered surfaces, linoleum, balata, floor coverings, furniture, artificial leather or enamelled surfaces, and may be used at temperatures up to 100 DEG  C.  Alkaline, neutral or acid agents may also be added. Water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions may be prepared by altering the conditions of preparation.  According to examples: (1) 10 pts. benzine are agitated with 10 pts. of a 2 per cent aqueous mixture of the mono-octyl ethers of di- and polyglycerols.  The product is used for removing grease from metal articles, lacquered surfaces, &c. (2) 10 pts. decahydronapthalene were agitated with 10 pts. of a 2 per cent aqueous mixture of mono-dodecyl ethers of polyglycerols.  (3) 10 pts. benzene are agitated with 10 pts. of a 2 per cent aqueous mixture of mono-dodecyl ethers of polyglycerols.  (4) Benzene is similarly emulsified with an aqueous mixture of mono-dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octodecyl ethers of glycerol.  (5) 10 pts. of a mixture of hard paraffin and bleached lignite wax are dissolved in 40 pts. benzine and 25 pts. petroleum and agitated with 50 pts. of a 2 per cent aqueous mixture of monooctyl glycerol ethers.  The product may be used for treating lacquered surfaces.  (6) 50 pts. of 83 per cent phosphporic acid are agitated with 50 pts. of petroleum and 50 pts. of a 5 per cent aqueous mixture of monodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, and octodecyl-ethers of glycerol.  The product removes rust and grease and decreases the tendency to rust further.  (7) 10 pts. of a wax composition consisting of cyclohexyl - amide and the aluminium salt of rapeseed oil acid are dissolved in 105 pts. petroleum and 200 pts. of transformer oil and are mixed with 670 pts. of water and a mixture of 5 pts. of mono-octyl and decyl ether of glycerol and 5 pts. of monododecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octodecyl ethers of glycerol.  A water-in-oil emulsion is produced which is useful as a lacquer preservative.  (8) A solution of 2 pts. of the anilide of the hardened fatty acids of rapeseed oil in 21 pts. of petroleum and 40 pts. of transformer oil and 12 pts. of floor-oil, in the form of a mineral oil known as Mop-Ole, are mixed with 130 pts. of water and a mixture of 1 pt. of mono-octyl and decyl ethers of glycerol and 1 pt. of monododecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl and octodecyl ethers of glycerol.  A water-in-oil emulsion is obtained.  The cyclohexyl-amide and/or the aluminium salt of the hardened rapeseed oil acid may be used instead of the anilide. Specifications 375,842 and 420,812 are referred to.  Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specifications 411,295 and 421,490.