baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-657630-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to emulsifying agents and to processes and compositions in which, or in the preparation of which, emulsifying agents are used
IPC: C09K23/00
Filed: 1948-05-06
Abstract: Partial esters of glycerol are made by esterification with polyhydroxy fatty acids having at least 16 carbon atoms per molecule, reaction being interrupted before a resinous state is reached.  9,10 - Dihydroxy- and 9,10,12 - trihydroxy-stearic acid and acids obtained by the hydroxylation of with, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, preferably as the methyl ester, and acids present as glycerides in castor oil are mentioned as esterifying acids. Preferably an alkaline catalyst, e.g. sodium glycerinate, sodium soaps of higher fatty acids and sodium hydroxide, is present.  The products, chiefly monoglycerides, are used as emulsifying agents (see Group III) and in margarine and baking mixtures (see Group I).  In examples glycerol is partially esterified with (1) 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid in the presence of sodium glyceroxide, stearate or dihydroxy-stearate and nitrogen; (2) trihydroxystearic acid, made by the oxidation of total castor oil acid methyl esters with hydrogen peroxide in formic acid, in the presence of sodium glycerinate and nitrogen; and with (3) trihydroxy and 4-dihydroxy-stearic acid in the presence of sodium acetate and activated carbon.  Specifications 455,540, 657,659 and U.S.A. Specifications 1,835,203, 1,917,256 and 2,132,687 are referred to.ALSO:Emulsifying and dispersing agents are made by partially esterifying glycerol with a polyhydroxy fatty acid containing at least 16 carbon atoms per molecule (for preparation see Group IV (b)).  The products are used in baking mixtures and margarine (see Group I).  Specifications 455,540, 657,659 and U.S.A. Specifications 1,917,256 and 2,132,687 are referred to.ALSO:Foods fats are emulsified or dispersed with partial esters of glycerol with polyhydroxy fatty acids containing at least 16 carbon atoms per molecule (for preparation see Group IVb).  The esters are stated to be useful in the manufacture of margarine and cereal baking mixtures, e.g., cake mixtures with a high content of sugar.  Specification 657,659 and U.S.A. Specifications 1,917,256 and 2,132,687 are referred to.
Patent GB-610798-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to catadioptric lens systems
IPC: G02B17/08
Filed: 1946-04-26
Abstract: 610,798. Optical systems. KODAK, Ltd. April 26, 1946, No. 12632. Convention date, April 27, 1945. [Class 97 (i)] A system comprises a concave spherical reflecting surface, one or two meniscus lens components, and a diaphragm all in optical alignment, the thickness of the meniscus components, or of at least one of the components when two are provided, being greater than 0.2F, and the radius of curvature of each surface of said component greater than 0.6F, where F is the focal length of the system. As shown in Fig. 8, the meniscus L91 has its rear surface R92 made reflecting and has cemented thereto a meniscus L92 at the surface R93 of which the image is formed. Three modifications of this system are described. The lens L92 may be slightly separated from lens L91 and supported by a parallel-sided glass plate, the lens L92 may be omitted and the image formed at or just in front of the surface R91, or the lens L92 may be omitted and the space in front of the meniscus L91 filled with liquid e.g. water. All these systems are concentric. Fig. 9 shows two meniscus elements L101 and L102, which may be achromatic doublets, symmetrically spaced about the centre of curvation of the mirror L103. Alternatively, the lenses may be of different thicknesses. In a further modification lens L101 is omitted and the image formed on the surface R104 or the surface R103. Numerical data for an example of each modification are given together with details of the spherical aberration remaining. By placing a strip of silvering, coloured if desired, in the focal plane the lens returns incident light as a reflex reflector and may be used for signalling. The lens may be used for astronomy, spectroscopy, television, or microscopy. Specifications 462,304, 606,509 and 609,660, [all in Group XXIII], are referred to. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 describes also the subject-matter of Specification 611,103. This subject-matter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-167298-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to etching processes and apparatus for use therein
IPC: C23F1/08
Filed: 1920-05-06
Abstract: 167,298. Lucas, H. C., and Lucas, A. J. May 6, 1920. Etching. - Etching- apparatus of the kind in which the surface of the plate &c. to be etched is supported in an inverted position and in which the etching- fluid is projected upwards thereon in the form of spray produced by compressed air, comprises a closed ventilated chamber, a lid adapted to be clamped on the chamber, and suction devices on the lid for supporting the plate &c. to be etched. The air passages of the sprayproducing nozzles, which are immersed in the etching-fluid, are interrupted by a transverse chamber below the level of the fluid, the air issuing from the lower portion of the air passages forcing the layer of fluid in said chamber through the upper portion of the air passages in the form of a fine spray. As shown in Fig. 1, the lids b of the etching-chambers a are carried by vertically hinged brackets e and are clamped in position by screws d. The plates l to be etched are supported by suction plates f provided with suction bulbs h. The spraying nozzles k immersed in the etching-fluid in are connected by pipes n to the compressed air supply-pipe o, other pipes controlled by cocks q being adapted to admit air to the upper part of the etching chambers for expelling evolved gases &c. along pipes p to the conduit r, fitted with a draining-chamber s. Fig. 3 shows the construction of the spraying-nozzles. Compressed air is admitted by the pipe k<6> to an annular space k<5> and issues therefrom through a series of passages k<4> into a thin annular space k<1> which is below the level k<2> of the etching-fluid. The fluid in the space k<1> is thereby atomized, and blown through the upper passages k<8>. The nozzles may have an aperture k<9> so that the surrounding atmosphere above the fluid may be associated with the induced fluid, and a deflector k<10> may be provided.
Patent GB-275740-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in revolving cylinder engines
IPC: F02B57/08
Filed: 1926-05-17
Abstract: 275,740. Prestini, G. May 17, 1926. No Patent granted (Sealing fee not paid). Four-stroke-cycle engines.-In a revolving cylinder engine the cylinders d are formed in a rotor which works inside a stator c. The pistons e are connected to a common, stationary pin g. Leakage between the cylinders and stator is prevented by rings h forced outwards by centrifugal force and by flexible rings j held in place by blocks k. The cylinders may be staggered instead of being in one plane. As described in the Provisional Specification, the upper end of the cylinders carry slippers which have packing-rings to prevent leakage. Cylinders, combustion chambers of. - The rotor is formed with pockets m on the sides of the cylinders to receive the valves p and to form the combustion chamber. A single valve p controls the inlet and outlet of gases for each cylinder. A pocket behind the valve registers in turn with long exhaust and inlet ports in thecasing of stator c. The valve is held open during the revolution corresponding to exhaust and inlet and is closed during the compression and expansion strokes. This movement of the valve is effected from groove cams w in the casing acting. through slippers u and rockers t.
Patent GB-199367-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to machines for cutting patterns for shoe parts
IPC: A43D8/10
Filed: 1923-05-12
Abstract: 199,367. Le Le Maschinenges. June 16, 1922, [Convention date]. Stationary-cutter apparatus.-A machine for cutting patterns for shoe parts has improved knife - operating means. A knife 8 is reciprocated by a twoarmed lever 5, 6 oscillated from a crank 7 about a centre-pin 10. The latter is mounted in an eccentric bearing 11 turned through levers 15, 14, 13 to place the pin in positions which respectively render the knife inoperative, able to indent the material, and able to cut the material. The three positions are controlled by a lever 20, 21 pivoted on the end of the lever 15. On depression of the end 20 of the lever a hook 24 engages the lever 15 and the pin 10 is placed in its highest position, while on depression of the end 21 of the lever stops 22, 23 contact and the lever 15 is lowered until a stop 27 engages a fixed stop 28; this places the pin 10 in its middle position. On release of the lever 15 a spring 17 engaging a collar 18 on the lever 14 places the pin 10 in its lowest position. The Specification as open to inspection under Sect. 91 (3) (a) comprises also the following work clamping mechanism : Clamps 33, 34 are carried on a shaft 37 axially movable within a bearing 48. The templet, which is guided by a pin 29 on the knifeframe 2, between clamps 32, 33 by manipulation of a lever 40 carrying a cam 39, during which action the clamp 34 is lowered until the under face of the clamp 33 contacts with the fixed frame 36. The work is held between clamps 34, 35 the latter of which is raised by a wedge-cam 42 on a rod 43 actuated by a spring 44. On retracting the rod 43 by a handle 47 the work is freed but the templet remains held. This subjectmatter does not appear in the Specification as accepted.
Patent GB-582856-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to electromagnetic radiators or receivers
IPC: H01P1/17
Filed: 1944-07-05
Abstract: 582,856. Wave guides. BIRKS, J. B. July 5, 1944, No. 12864. [Class 40 (v)] An ultra-short-wave radiator or receiver comprises a section of wave guide of such dimensions that at the operating frequency only H01 and H10 waves can be propagated, the two modes having different phase velocities such that their mutual phase relationship becomes changed by 90 degrees in passing along the guide section. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of the guide. Energy is conveyed to the circular guide 10 by a radial probe 13. The guide 10 is closed at one end 12 and at the other opens into a guide 15 of rectangular section with the opposite end 16 open. The dimensions a, b of the rectangle and the length of the guide 15 are such that the wave H01 is advanced in phase by 90 degrees relative to the other wave H10 in passing along the guide 15, the two waves being thus in quadrature at the exit plane 16. This gives rise to a rotation of the direction of polarization of the emitted wave, the polarization being circular if the probe 13 is set at 45 degrees to the sides of the rectangular guide, and elliptical if other angular relations are adopted. The device may be employed in reception as well as transmission.
Patent GB-466684-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to roll film cameras with photoelectric exposure meters
IPC: G03B7/0993
Filed: 1936-05-07
Abstract: 466,684. Roll - film cameras fitted with photo-electric exposure meters. ZEISS IKON AKT.-GES. May 7, 1936, No. 12918. Convention date, June 15, 1935. [Class 98 (i)] The cell 1 of a photo-electric exposure meter is mounted separately from the measuring instrument in a carrier pivoted to a narrow side wall of the camera ; it lies flat against the wall when inoperative, and perpendicular thereto when in use ; and it may have a prism screen in front, and a protective cover 2 which serves alsc as a sky-shade when open. The cell carrier and cover may be urged automatically intc the open positions by springs. Specification 439,462 is referred to.
Patent GB-559006-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to inspection lamps
IPC: F21V21/26
Filed: 1942-09-14
Abstract: 559,006. Supporting lamps. HORSTMANN, F. G. Sept. 14, 1942, No. 12930. [Class 75 (iii)] Addition to 537,151. A combined lamp shade and magnifying glass 10 in accordance with the parent Specification is mounted between the forward upper ends of a counter balanced parallel link system 13, 14, 17 carried by a stand 11 rotatably mounted on a base 12. The lamp shade may be attached to the link system by a rod 20 carrying spaced thrust plates 22 bearing against the inner surface of the shade, fibre friction washer 23 interposed between the sides of the shade and the upper ends of the links 17, and fibre friction washers 24 interposed between the upper ends of the links 17 and metal discs 25 having stamped up ears embracing the arms 13. A clamping nut 27 is provided at one or both ends of the rod 20 to adjust the friction of the joint and to secure the lamp shade in any desired position.
Patent GB-581223-A (GB)
Title: Apparatus for measuring the coefficient of coupling between two inductances
IPC: G01R17/00
Filed: 1944-07-07
Abstract: 581,223. Inductance measurements. CLIFFORD, F. G. July 7,1944, No. 12973. [Class 37] The coefficient of inductive coupling between two mutually coupled inductances is measured by a bridge including a variable resistance which is proportional to the coefficient of coupling so that an indicating scale calibrated linearly in terms of coupling coefficient may be mechanically coupled to the variable resistance. One arm of the bridge comprises a variable resistance R1, Fig. 2, a second arm comprises a variable resistance R4 in series with an inductance L, a third arm comprises a fixed resistance R2 in parallel with a potentiometer resistance R3, and the fourth arm comprises an inductance L1 coupled to an inductance L2, the coupling coefficient k between which inductances is to be measured. The potentiometer resistance R3 is set at its maximum value so that the portion r is zero, and the resistances R1, R4 are adjusted to balance the bridges The inductance L2 is then short-circuited and the resistances R3, R4 are adjusted to restore balance of the bridge. If the resistance R2 is equal to the maximum value of the potentiometer resistance R3, the coefficient of coupling is directly proportional to the resistance r, which may be provided with a scale calibrated in values of coupling coefficient. In a modification the inductance L is omitted and the variable resistance R1 is in parallel with a condenser. The scale may be expanded by introducing in place of the potentiometer R3 a network as shown in Fig. 4, in which a ten-position switch S1 is calibrated in values of coupling coefficient from 0 to 0.9 in steps of 0.1 and the potentiometer is calibrated from 0 to 0.1.
Patent GB-1081878-A (GB)
Title: Fuel cell
IPC: H01M8/08
Filed: 1964-09-03
Abstract: 1,081,878. Fuel cells. ESSO RESEARCH & ENGINEERING CO. Sept. 3, 1964 [Dec. 24, 1963], No. 12997/64. Divided out of 1,081,877. Heading H1B. Air entering at 215 is split by baffles 226, 227 into a reactant stream adjacent bi-polar electrodes 211, 212 and a coolant stream 209. A similar division also occurs in the right-hand part of the battery. Water evaporated in excess by the oxidant exhaust stream is thus precipitated and recovered and the oxidant to the right-hand part of the cell is preheated. Fuel is supplied at 220, 221, 222. The bipolar electrodes are carried on a porous membrane saturated with an aqueous electrolyte which is in contact through a wick (not shown) with the water in the bottom of the battery. Alternatively, a known density or level monitoring system may be used to effect the moisture return.
Patent GB-913095-A (GB)
Title: Hub clutch controlled by back-pedalling, for motor-assisted cycles
IPC: B62M25/00
Filed: 1961-04-11
Abstract: 913,095. Friction clutches; ratchet clutches; controlling clutches. ATELIERS DE LA MOTOBECANE. April 11, 1961 [July 15, 1960], No. 13032/61. Class 80 (2). [Also in Groups XXVII and XXXI] A clutch arrangement for a power-assisted pedal cycle comprises a multidisc clutch 24, 25 which is engaged by back-pedalling to turn a sprocket 16 and screw a nut 34 leftwards of the Figure along helical slots 42 in a sleeve 7 fast with the sprocket, thus connecting a hub 10 carrying the rear wheel of the cycle to a sleeve 6 and a sprocket 13 connected by a chain to the cycle motor for starting the motor, the motor when operating driving through the sprocket 13 and the sleeve 6 to a roller ratchet clutch 20 and thence to the wheel hub 10. The clutches are supported upon a non-rotary axle 1 splined at 29 to support an axially slidable clutch control ring 30. A cup-shaped connector 32 carried by the clutch ring 30 has spring tabs 33 frictionally engaging the outside of the nut 34, which has frusto-conical surfaces 35, 37 for engagement with the clutch ring and with a bell-shaped clutch member 39, respectively. A thrust bearing 31 lies between the clutch ring 30 and the end-plate of the multidisc clutch 24, 25, the discs of which are of external polygonal and internal square cross-section for engagement with correspondingly-shaped recesses in the wheel hub 10 and the periphery of an extension of the sleeve 6. The bell-shaped clutch-member 39 is also of external polygonal cross-section, to engage in the correspondingly shaped part of the wheel hub 10. On back-pedalling, the sprocket 16 and the sleeve 7 fast therewith rotate, so that inwardly-projecting lugs 41 on the nut 34 are screwed leftwards along the helical slots 42 in the sleeve, against the light friction drag on the nut of the spring tongues 33. The frusto-conical surface 35 on the nut 34 then engages the clutch ring 30, which slides leftwards along the fixed axle splines 29 and, through the thrust bearing 31, engages the multidisc clutch 25, 27. If the cycle has already been set in motion, the inertia thereof is transmitted from the wheel hub 10 to the sleeve 6 and the cycle motor is started. When the motor has started, and the rider no longer back-pedals, the nut 34 is screwed rightwards to an intermediate position, drive then passing from the motor through the rollers 20 of the ratchet clutch, these rollers being retained in a cage 21. If the cycle is at rest and the rider pedals forwardly, the sprocket 16 and the sleeve 7 rotate in the opposite direction, and the nut 34 is screwed rightwards along the helical slots 42, so that the frusto-conical surface 37 on the nut engages a co-operating friction surface on the bell-shaped clutch member 39, whereby rotation is transmitted thereto and thence to the wheel hub 10. The cycle motor may drive through a single or double centrifugal clutch, or through a centrifugal clutch and ratchet clutch combined. Specifications 753,117 and 862,161 are referred to.
Patent GB-833356-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in motor vehicle driving arrangements
IPC: F16H61/662
Filed: 1956-04-27
Abstract: 833,356. Variable-speed gear. CAPRON, M. V. F., and UHER, E. April 27, 1956, No. 13046/56. Class 80 (2). [Also in Group XXXI] In a motor vehicle the driving wheels 26, 26a, Fig. 1, are driven through variable-speed V-belt transmissions each comprising a driving pulley 12 on a hollow shaft 11 belt-connected to a driven pulley 16 on a secondary shaft 18 connected to the individual axle 24, each driven pulley 16 comprising one section axially fixed to the shaft 18 and the other section axially movable along the shaft and urged by a spring 50 toward the fixed section, the driving pulleys each comprising a section 12a, Fig. 2, fixed to the hollow shaft 11 and a section 12b movable axially along the shaft 11, the sections 12b being connected to pistons 33 urged together by a spring 35 housed in a chamber between the pistons which can be subjected to fluid pressure urging the pistons 33 apart and hence varying the effective diameters of the driving pulleys. As further shown in Fig. 1, the vehicle engine 1 is connected to the shaft 11 by a centrifugal clutch 3 comprising spring-urged pivoted shoes, Fig. 3 (not shown), and a reversing gear 10 comprising a driving pinion 6 and a sleeve carrying gears 8, 9 axially slidable along the shaft 11 by a hand lever 7. The secondary shafts 18 are connected to the axles 24 by chain-connected sprockets 20, 22, the axles 24 being connected to the sprockets 22 by resilient joints 27.
Patent GB-909556-A (GB)
Title: Packaging means for hammers or the like
IPC: B65D71/00
Filed: 1961-04-11
Abstract: 909,556. Packages; boxes. PEDDINGHAUS, G. April 11, 1961 [April 11, 1960], No.13062/61. Classes 18 and 94(1). Hammers are packaged by enclosing the heads in a member 3 having a slot 4 through which the handles protrude and passing sheet of cardboard 1 round and between the handles in sinuous form. A cap 5 may secure two pivoted halves of the member 3. In lieu of the flanged half 3<SP>11</SP>, a hinged flap may cover the front and top of the member and be secured to the opposed wall by tongue-and-slot connections Fig. 2 (not shown).. A plastics sleeve may enclose all the handles. The package facilitates display.
Patent GB-124704-A (GB)
Title: Method and Apparatus for Purifying Camphor.
IPC: C07C49/437
Filed: 1918-08-12
Abstract: 124,704. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., E. I., (Assignees of Crane, J. E., and Loomis, E. G.). March 23, 1918, [Convention date]. Scrubbers and washers.-Crude camphor is purified by vaporizing it, "baking " the vapours as described in Specification 118,489, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes &c.], then scrubbing the vapours, and finally condensing them. The construction of the scrubber is shown in Fig. 3; it consists of a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom and removable cover; the vapours enter by the pipes 8, 9; the pipe 9 is provided with a hand-operated valve 12 which carries arms 13<a> to remove solidified camphor from the bottom of the scrubber. A series of troughs containing liquid camphor are formed by pans 15 and baffleplates 16. The scrubber is beated by a coil 2<d>, ,hot oil being circulated through the coil.
Patent GB-310487-A (GB)
Title: Self loading gun
IPC: F41A9/82
Filed: 1929-04-26
Abstract: 310,487. Ceskß Zbrojovka Akciova Spolecnost v. Praze. April 26, 1928, [Convention date]. Void [Published under Sect. 91 of the Acts]. Breech actions, sliding breech-block. -The ejection opening 81 is arranged above the magazine 80, so that the magazine can be filled from above from a cartridge strip fitting into a guide a.
Patent GB-1536947-A (GB)
Title: Multiway optical fibre connector
IPC: G02B6/38
Filed: 1977-03-24
Abstract: 1536947 Light guides STANDARD TELEPHONES & CABLES Ltd 24 March 1977 [1 April 1976] 13131/76 Heading G2J The individual fibres 16 of first and second sets of optical fibres are inter-connected by means of a pair of flat plate members 11, 12, each plate member having an array of openings 15, each opening being of a size to receive and locate an optical fibre, and a pair of dowel pins 19 which engage openings in the plates to align the sets of fibres. A connector element, Fig. 4 (not shown), comprising short lengths of optical fibre terminated at each end by a plate member may be interposed between the plate members shown in Fig. 1.