baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent NZ-711728-A (NZ)
Title: An electric power outlet
Inventor: GRAY JEREMY CHARLES
IPC: H01R13/00
Filed: 2015-09-01
Abstract: A 240V power outlet (113) is disclosed which can be inserted into an opening (15) of a support plate (14) from either the front or the rear of the support plate. A front face plate (116) is able to be secured to the outlet (113) either before front insertion, or after rear insertion into the opening (15). A plurality of bi-directional ramps secure the outlet body to the support plate when engaged from either the front or rear openings. The arrangement simplifies on-site activity and allows more off-site preparation to be undertaken.
Patent NZ-713219-A (NZ)
Title: Compositions and methods for epithelial stem cell expansion and culture
Inventor: KARP JEFFREY MICHAEL
IPC: C12N5/02
Filed: 2014-03-11
Abstract: Described are cell culture solutions, systems, combinations and uses associated with epithelial stem cell and organoid cultures, comprising an amount of a Wnt agonist and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, the amounts of the Wnt agonist and HDAC inhibitor sufficient to increase Lgr5+ epithelial stem cells within epithelial tissue. The combination of a Wnt agonist and a HDAC inhibitor have been shown to be adapted for use in increasing Lgr5+ epithelial stem cells present within the inner ear of a subject in need thereof; and therefore also adapted for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the inner ear.
Patent NZ-714715-A (NZ)
Title: Closed fluid transfer system
Inventor: KOPLIN RANDALL SCOTT
IPC: A61J1/20
Filed: 2011-05-25
Abstract: A closed fluid transfer system for fluidly interconnecting a syringe to any one of a patient I.V. set, a vial and an I.V. bag, is provided and includes a first adapter defining a lumen and supporting a seal across a first end of its lumen, the first adapter supporting a rear end of a needle within the lumen, wherein the seal is movable relative to the needle such that a tip of the needle penetrates through the seal; and a second adapter defining a lumen and supporting a seal across a first end of its lumen; wherein when the second adapter is coupled to the first adapter, the second adapter seal abuts the first adapter seal and moves the first adapter seal relative to the tip of the needle such that the tip of the needle penetrates through the abutting first adapter seal and second adapter seal.
Patent NZ-716538-A (NZ)
Title: Closure assembly and a method of making the same
Inventor: KUEI-YUNG WANG
IPC: E06B3/82
Filed: 2016-02-01
Abstract: The present invention relates to a closure assembly with a window, for example particularly, but not exclusively, a composite door with a window. The drilling or milling through a readymade door blank may result in wastage of material attributable to the overall costs in the manufacture and fabrication of the composite door. The invention seeks to mitigate such a shortcoming by providing a new or otherwise improved closure assembly with window and a new or otherwise improved method of making the same. The new or otherwise improved closure assembly comprising: front and rear panels defining a space there between; an aperture in each of the front and rear panels, the apertures being aligned to form a glazing aperture; a frame at least partly positioned between the front and rear panels and extending around the glazing aperture to delineate the space and define a cavity between the front and rear panels; wherein an inner frame sandwiched between the front and rear panels and a holder extending into the aperture area and running substantially parallel to the panels for holding a piece of glass for the window; wherein the holder includes a first holding member extending therefrom into the aperture area, and a second holding member co-operable via a releasable retainer of the first holding member for holding the piece of glass for the window; and wherein the second holding member is snap fitted laterally onto the first holding member such that the second holding member is releasably retained on the first holding member by the releasable retainer for fixing relative position between the first and second holding members.
Patent NZ-717570-A (NZ)
Title: Anti-cgrp compositions and use thereof
Inventor: DUTZAR BENJAMIN H
IPC: C12N15/13
Filed: 2012-05-21
Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-human calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) antibody or antibody and its use for manufacture of a medicament to treat a disease or condition associated with CGRP.
Patent NZ-720092-A (NZ)
Title: Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl, pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazinyl and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridinyl acrylamides
Inventor: HAYWARD MATTHEW MERRILL
IPC: C07D487/04
Filed: 2014-11-20
Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutically active pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidinyl and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridinyl acrylamides and analogues thereof. Such compounds are useful for inhibiting Janus Kinase (JAK). This invention also is directed to compositions comprising methods for making such compounds, and methods for treating and preventing conditions mediated by JAK, such as rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, vasculitis, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, or mastocytosis, Alzheimer’s disease, lupus, nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, eczema dermatitis, pruritus or other pruritic conditions, vitiligo, alopecia, autoimmune thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, major depression disorder, allergy, asthma, Sjogren’s disease, Reiter’s syndrome, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, dry eye syndrome, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, auto-immune orchitis, Goodpasture’s disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, sympathetic ophthalmia, myasthenia gravis, Graves’ disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, membranous glomerulopathy, organ transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, organ and cell transplant rejection or xeno transplantation, Cogan’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, autoimmune alopecia, Type I or juvenile onset diabetes, and complications from diabetes, or thyroiditis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder, acute respiratory disease, cachexia, cancer, septic shock, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, acute myeloid leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or angiogenic-associated disorders, acute CNS trauma, epilepsy, seizures, chronic neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration, neuropsychiatric disorders, auto-antibodies mediated encephalopathies, Eye diseases, disorders or conditions including autoimmune diseases of the eye, keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis.
Patent NZ-747413-A (NZ)
Title: Compositions for use in treating tendon degeneration
Inventor: WHITE COLIN
IPC: A61P19/00
Filed: 2017-04-26
Abstract: Injectable compositions and methods for treating an injured tendon in an animal or human are disclosed herein. The injectable compositions include an effective amount of a carbohydrate to increase osteotendinous hydration and lubrication. Said composition is administered via intra-osteotendinous injection at zone one, zone two, zone three, or zone four of the osteotendinous junction.
Patent NZ-753674-A (NZ)
Title: Efficient and scalable syntheses of nicotinoyl ribosides and reduced nicotinoyl ribosides, modified derivatives thereof, phosphorylated analogs thereof, adenylyl dinucleotide conjugates thereof, and novel crystalline forms thereof
Inventor: MIGAUD MARIE
IPC: A61K31/455
Filed: 2017-11-10
Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of making nicotinoyl riboside compounds or derivatives of formula (I): wherein X”, Z 1, Z2, n, R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6,,R7, and R8 are described herein, reduced analogs thereof, modified derivatives thereof, phosphorylated analogs thereof, and adenylyl dinucleotide conjugates thereof, or salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof; and novel crystalline forms thereof.
Patent NZ-775320-A (NZ)
Title: Material flow amplifier
Inventor: SCHMIDT PAUL
IPC: B01F23/47
Filed: 2019-09-17
Abstract: Material flow amplifiers as disclosed herein overcome drawbacks associated with known adverse flow conditions (e.g., surface erosion and head losses) that arise from flow of certain types of materials (e.g., fluids, slurries, particulates, flowable aggregate, and the like) through a material flow conduit. Such material flow amplifiers provide for flow of flowable material within a flow passage of a material flow conduit (e.g., a portion of a pipeline, tubing or the like) to have a cyclonic flow (i.e., vortex or swirling) profile. A material flow accelerator comprises a flow expander 104, a vortex chamber 106 and a flow 108 mixer in sequence, where the vortex chamber 106 comprises a centralizer tube attached by a helical vane to the inner surface of the chamber that induces a vortex flow Advantageously, the cyclonic flow profile centralizes flow toward the central portion of the flow passage, thereby reducing magnitude of laminar flow. Such cyclonic flow profile provides a variety of other advantages as compared to a parabolic flow profile (e.g., increased flow rate, reduce inner pipeline wear, more uniform inner pipe wear, reduction in energy consumption, reduced or eliminated slugging and the like).
Patent PT-100028-A (PT)
Inventor: CUPERE MARCEL JOSEPH JEAN DE
IPC: B01D19/04
Filed: 1992-01-16
Abstract: The present invention provides stable, free-flowing foam-control agent in granular form, comprising a silicone antifoam compound, a carrier material, an organic coating material, characterized in, that they contain glycerol, at a weight ratio with the silicone antifoam compound of 1:2 to 3:1. The present invention also provides detergent compositions containing said foam control agent.
Patent PT-103521-A (PT)
Title: Aparelho de extracção de alcool de garrafa por pressão atmosférica negativa
Inventor: FEIO BRUNO PIRES PINHEIRO
IPC: C12H3/00
Filed: 2006-07-12
Abstract: TRATA-SE DA INTRODUÇÃO AO PÚBLICO EM GERAL DE UMA TÉCNICA UTILIZADA NA INDÚSTRIA AO MANIPULAR LIQUIDAS DE ACORDO COM AS SUAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS. O APARELHO É CONSTITUÍDO POR VÁRIOS COMPONENTES ENUNCIADOS QUE TEM COMO FUNÇÃO O FUNCIONAMENTO DO MESMO APARELHO COM SEGURANÇA E CONTROLO DO UTILIZADOR ESTANDO MUNIDO DE CAPACIDADE DE MONITORIZAÇÃO DAS VÁRIAS FASES DO PROCESSO O UTILIZADOR IRÁ COLOCAR A GARRAFA DE LÍQUIDO NA PLATAFORMA DE AJUSTE (12) EM SEGUIDA IRÁ ESCOLHER UMA DAS OPÇÕES DISPONÍVEIS (4) E O APARELHO ENTRARÁ EM FUNCIONAMENTO. A APLICAÇÃO CÓMODA E FEITA POR LEIGOS DO APARELHO EM AMBIENTE CASEIRO OU NA INDÚSTRIA HOTELEIRA NA EXTRACÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO ALCOÓLICO DAS BEBIDAS DE MODO A CRIAR UMA OPÇÃO AO CONSUMIDOR DE GESTÃO DO CONSUMO ALCOÓLICO.
Patent PT-104020-A (PT)
Title: Cofragem redimensionável para a construção '' in situ'' de nichos e columbários
Inventor: SABRIA JOSE MASSO
IPC: E04G15/00
Filed: 2008-04-16
Abstract: COFRAGEM REDIMENSIONÁVEL PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO '' IN SITU'' DE NICHOS E COLUMBÁRIOS MUNIDA DE MEIOS PARA A SUA DESCOFRAGEM MECÂNICA E REUTILIZAÇÃO PROGRESSIVA. UMA COFRAGEM RECUPERÁVEL DIVIDIDA LONGITUDINALMENTE EM DUAS PARTES SIMÉTRICAS, COMPOSTA POR UMA PEÇA SUPLEMENTO INTERCALADA ENTRE AMBAS, DANDO OPÇÃO AO REDIMENSIONAMENTO DA REFERIDA COFRAGEM PARA OBTER UMA LARGURA MAIOR À DA COFRAGEM BÁSICA. ABRANGE AINDA UM SUPLEMENTO DISPONÍVEL NAS BORDAS DA BASE DAS PARTES SIMÉTRICAS PARA OBTER UMA MAIOR ALTURA QUE A DA COFRAGEM BÁSICA, FICANDO UNIDAS ENTRE SI MEDIANTE UMA DISPOSIÇÃO DE NERVOS E FOLHAS E FIXADAS POR MEIO DE PARAFUSOS, PERNOS OU SIMILARES.
Patent PT-106204-A (PT)
Title: Ponta de pipetadora estanque para centrífuga
Inventor: VASCO JOEL OLIVEIRA CORREIA
IPC: A61J1/00
Filed: 2012-03-12
Abstract: O PRESENTE INVENTO (1) REFERE-SE A UMA PONTA DE PIPETADORA ESTANQUE PARA CENTRÍFUGA PARA FUNÇÃO DE PIPETAGEM E ARMAZENAMENTO, RESULTADO DA CONJUGAÇÃO DAS FUNCIONALIDADES OFERECIDAS POR DOIS PRODUTOS DE LABORATÓRIO EXISTENTES ATUALMENTE, A PONTA DE PIPETADORA E O TUBO. A PONTA DE PIPETADORA POSSUI DOIS ORIFÍCIOS, UM SUPERIOR PARA O CORRETO ENCAIXE NUMA PIPETADORA E OUTRO INFERIOR QUE SERVE PARA A ENTRADA DO LÍQUIDO A PIPETAR ATRAVÉS DO VÁCUO EFETUADO PELA PIPETADORA. O TUBO ARMAZENA O LÍQUIDO E, HABITUALMENTE, SEGUE PARA CENTRIFUGAÇÃO. O PRESENTE INVENTO (1) ENGLOBA ESTES DOIS CONSUMÍVEIS NUM SÓ E, COMO TAL, POSSUI A CAPACIDADE DE PIPETAR UM DETERMINADO VOLUME DESEJADO E APÓS O PROCESSO DE ENCAIXE DA TAMPA ESTANQUE (9), ATRAVÉS DO ENGATE ANELAR (8), NO ORÍFICIO INFERIOR (4) E O ENCAIXE SUPERIOR (7) NO ORIFÍCIO SUPERIOR (3) POR INTERMÉDIO DA TAMPA SUPERIOR (6) LIGADA À PONTA DE PIPETADORA (2) ATRAVÉS DE DOBRADIÇA INTEGRAL (5), SER ARMAZENADO E/OU ANALISADO, MANTENDO A SUA INTEGRIDADE FÍSICA, QUÍMICA, BEM COMO A ESTANQUIDADE. DESTA FORMA SIMPLIFICA-SE O PROCESSO, ATRAVÉS DA PIPETAÇÃO, ARMAZENAMENTO E ANÁLISE DO CONTEÚDO NA MESMA UNIDADE DE VOLUME.
Patent RU-94015560-A (RU)
Inventor: SHTEKHMAN B V
IPC: B01D45/12
Filed: 1994-04-28
Abstract: FIELD: cleaning gases of dust. SUBSTANCE: combination dust collector has housing with dust receiver, axial pipe for introducing gas to be cleaned, swirler, cylindrical ferrule, truncated cone reflector, gas recirculation chamber which is brought in communication with axial pipe by ejection chamber and chamber for discharge of gas being cleaned. Recirculation chamber is located on outer surface of axial pipe. Swirler is provided with hollow profiled blades and upper and lower walls which have holes corresponding to profile of blades. Dust receiver is brought in communication with gas recirculation chamber through chambers of blades and profiled holes. Cone-reflector is connected to lower wall of swirler. Mounted on outer wall of gas recirculation chamber above swirler is additional swirler with flat inclined blades whose lower edges are connected with upper edge of cylindrical ferrule. Dust collector is provided with bin connected with dust receiver through central hole and with housing through chutes. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 2 cl, 4 dwg
Patent RU-94016536-A (RU)
Inventor: SMETANIN V L
IPC: G01R27/00
Filed: 1994-05-05
Abstract: FIELD: automatic control systems, control of technological processes. SUBSTANCE: device for remote measurement includes A.C. generator, isolation transformer, two-wire measurement line, rectifier and RC filter which input is connected to output of rectifier and which output is output of device. At input device has converter connected to two-wire measurement line and resistor which second lead-out is coupled to key. Second lead-out of key is connected to second lead-out of converter and third lead-out of key is connected to third lead-out of converter and two-wire measurement line. Line is connected through capacitor placed in parallel to two leads-out of rectifier bridge which two other leads-out are connected to secondary winding of isolation transformer. Primary winding of transformer with one lead is connected directly and with the other lead through rectifier to A.C generator. EFFECT: capability to conduct precision measurements, increased operational reliability.
Patent RU-94019798-A (RU)
Inventor: EFREMOV G A
IPC: F41F3/07
Filed: 1994-05-27
Abstract: FIELD: submarine launchers, in particular, launchers simulating a launching from a submarine in a submerged position. SUBSTANCE: simulated in a ground launcher on a rocket mock-up is the water pressure at the launching depth, buoyancy force, rocket weight and frictional force at motion in the launcher by means of the solid- propellant rocket engine, whose jet thrust is directed against the mock-up motion and the magnitude is determined from a mathematic relation. After the engine gains the preset power conditions the base pressure required for ejection is built up. The rocket launching simulation system represents a ground test rig, mock-up which the launching tube with the rocket mock-up positioned in it is secured on carrying supports. The rocket mock-up through a spacer is connected to the solid-propellant rocket engine, whose nozzle exit section is oriented in the direction of mock-up ejection. The spacer with the solid-propellant rocket engine is connected to the launcher by natural fasteners, the sum of the mock-up, rocket engine and spacer masses equals the rocket mass. The launching conditions simulation system functions as follows. The solid-propellant rocket engine is started in the assembled launcher, and after it gains the required thrust the gas generator is actuated. As a result, the pressure required for its ejection is built up on the mock-up base. The engine ends its operation after completion of operation of the gas generator, therefore, the conditions of a natural launching are completely simulated in the launcher during motion of the rocket mock-up. EFFECT: complete simulation of all loads acting on the rocket at launching from a submerged position, full safety of tests, considerably reduced expenditures connected with tests.
Patent RU-94022002-A (RU)
Inventor: KURLOV V N
IPC: C30B15/34
Filed: 1994-06-09
Abstract: FIELD: techniques of melt growth of profiled crystals with variable shape of cross-section. SUBSTANCE: seeding is accomplished on a seed platelet around the entire edges of edge defined film grower with formation of a hollow closed volume, and withdrawn from the melt column on the end face of the film grower dipped in crucible and growth chamber. The film grower is furnished with an unscaling non-capillary orifice, which in the stage of growth of single crystal is positioned below the melt level. At a transfer to the hollow profile the tubular space of the film grower gets communicated through the above orifice to the crucible below the unsealing orifice, and at a transfer from the hollow profile to a single one communication between the space of the film grower and growth chamber is interrupted by raising the melt level to the full dipping of the unsealing orifice into melt. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of growth of profiled crystals.
Patent RU-94028491-A (RU)
Inventor: POMAZKIN V A
IPC: C02F1/48
Filed: 1994-08-28
Abstract: FIELD: magnetic treatment or other physical activation of liquids. SUBSTANCE: proposed method makes it possible to conduct timely control over degree of physical activation of treated liquids within sufficiently wide range of their chemical compositions (water, fuels, oils, alcohols, etc). Salient feature of proposed proximity analysis of activation of liquids lies in measurement of difference of rates of sedimentation of power which does not dissolve in them before and after physical activation. With this in mind equal quantities of liquids taken before and after their physical activation are poured into two identical dishes. Then equal quantities of powder are poured into same dishes, are thoroughly shaken up and left for complete settling down. After this they are shaken up again and difference in times of its settling down in dishes is measured which determines degree of their physical activation. For greater improvement of timeliness of analysis and for complete exclusion of influence of climatological factors on results of measurements both dishes with liquids after second shake-up are simultaneously placed into two different arms of measurement bridge and degree of physical activation of liquids is determined by maximum value of disbalance of bridge which emerges as powder settles down. EFFECT: increased timeliness of control over degree of physical activation of treated liquids, expanded application filed. 3 cl, 1 dwg
Patent RU-94028942-A (RU)
Inventor: FEDOROVA E E
IPC: C12N5/07
Filed: 1994-08-02
Abstract: FIELD: biotechnology, virology, veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: strain of the monolayer cells CG-91 is obtained from the primary trypsinized gonad tissue of 3 day old goat by the successive passage on semisynthetic media. Strain shows stable morpho-physiological traits and sensitivity to infection with foot-and-mouth viruses A-663, O-194, C-154, Asia-1-48, BG, BA and AHL and reproduces their at culturing in monolayer at titers 5.0-8.25 log TZD/ml. Strain is stored in Museum cell VNIIZG and deposited on 234 passage in layer in VSKK (SHG) RASHN at N 45. EFFECT: isolated of strain indicated above. 5 tbl
Patent RU-94031566-A (RU)
Inventor: KHOSE RAMON ALONSO GONSALES
IPC: G07F17/32
Filed: 1994-08-12
Abstract: FIELD: entertaining games. SUBSTANCE: device has control unit 1, which is connected to infra-red communication circuit 2. These units are located in game machine 3. In addition device has adapter circuit 4, which is connected to information terminal 5. Circuits 2 and 4 are connected by means of signals of infra-red light. By this reason circuits 2 and 4 have transmitters and receivers of infra-red light. Control unit 1 has microcontroller U1, supervisor circuit U2 and communication circuit U3. Said unit performs all operations on reading, storing and transmitting information. It also has units which detects software faults and power interrupts. Device may be used in game machines which performs accumulating account of staked money and money that are paid as prize. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 1 dwg
Patent RU-94040154-A (RU)
Inventor: GANS-JOKHEM RIBEL
IPC: C07D239/47
Filed: 1994-11-04
Abstract: FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: claimed invention describes phenylaminosulfonyl urea of general formula (I):wherein Ris hydrogen, halogen or unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino each having 1-4 carbon atoms in alkyl group, and dialkylamino having 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group; Ris hydrogen or halogen; Ris halogen or unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or alkoxy, alkyl alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino each having 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, and dialkylamino having 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group; Ris hydrogen, amino, halogen, formyl or unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycabonylamino and alkylsulfonylamino each having 1-4 carbon atoms in alkyl group; and Ris hydrogen, alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl or alkylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkenylalkyl each having 4-7 carbon atoms in each cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms in each alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with halogen and/or alkyl, phenyl and phenylalkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms in alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, alkyl or halogenalkyl, heterocycle and heterocyclalkyl in alkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms and 1-3 nitrogen atoms and/or one oxygen or sulfur atom, unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, alkyl or halogenalkyl, or salts thereof which are essentially active ingredient in the herbicidal agent . The claimed invention also describes method of controlling weeds by treating the latter or biotop thereof with herbicide. The herbicide is compound of formula (I) given above or salt thereof in effective amount. EFFECT: improved properties of the herbicidal agent and more efficient method of controlling weeds.
Patent RU-94044528-A (RU)
Inventor: MIKHAEHL AUL BAKH
IPC: C07F17/00
Filed: 1994-12-21
Abstract: FIELD: production of olefin polymers. SUBSTANCE: proposed metallocene catalyst represent metallocene compound having ligands. At least two of substituted or unsubstituted cyclonentadienyl groups being bound by mono- or polycyclic system are used as said ligand, where at least one cyclopentadienyl group is linked with mono- or polycyclic system. Olefin polymer is prepared by polymerization at least one olefin with the help of said metallocene catalyst. The process is followed by isolation of desired polymer by common way. EFFECT: improves quality of desired product, improves efficiency of the method.