baber/WOPTO huggingface dataset:
Patent GB-797464-A (GB)
Title: Process for the manufacture of adipic acid
IPC: C07C51/31
Filed: 1956-04-24
Abstract: Adipic acid is prepared by the oxidation of cyclohexanol and/or cyclohexane with aqueous nitric acid in the presence of free oxygen in quantity at least sufficient to convert in situ in the reaction zone the nitric oxide formed during the oxidation to nitrogen dioxide.  The oxidation may be effected by adding the cyclohexanol and/or cyclhexanone to aqueous nitric acid having a concentration of 4N to 10N at a rate and with cooling so as to prevent the temperature exceeding 80 DEG  C. and introducing the required amount of oxygen into the reactor.  The oxygen which may be in the form of air may be bubbled through the reaction mixture or introduced into the freeboard area above the mixture; atmospheric or superatmospheric pressure may be maintained. Suitably, the reaction is effected under reflux whereby part of the evolved nitrogen dioxide, water vapour and oxygen react in the free board area to regenerate nitric acid, and the remainder may be pumped back through the reaction mixture.  Oxidation catalysts may be used such as compounds of vanadium, copper, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, lead, nickel, chromium, iron and mercury and especially their oxides, nitrates and acetates; the preferred catalyst is V2O5 or a compound yielding it.  The adipic acid formed is recovered by cooling the reaction mixture, preferably while continuing to recycle the oxygen and nitrogen dioxide, and filtering off the precipitated adipic acid.  The mother liquid, enriched by addition of more nitric acid, may be used for further oxidation; it contains byproducts such as oxalic, succinic and glutaric acids which may be recovered. Examples describe the oxidation of cyclohexanol and of a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone containing also cyclohexanyl cyclohexyl ether, cyclohexyl esters, cyclohexane-diol-1:2, adipaldehydic acid, omega-hydroxy caproic acid and omega-caprolactone (obtained by air oxidation of cyclohexanone at 5 atm. pressure and 145-150 DEG  C.) wherein the cyclohexanol or cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone mixture is fed into 5N nitric acid containing ammonium vanadate or cupric nitrate at 60-70 DEG  C. in a closed system through which oxygen is cycled and the product is worked up as above described to recover the resulting adipic acid. Specification 265,959, [Class 2(iii)], and U.S.A. Specification 1,921,101, 1,960,211, 2,300,955, 2,343,534, 2,439,513, 2,557,282, 2,617,835, also French Specification 981,609, are referred to.
Patent GB-1016087-A (GB)
Title: Process for producing organic carboxylic acids
Inventor: ANDERSON JOHN EDWARD
IPC: C07C51/14
Filed: 1964-03-24
Abstract: Aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are prepared by adding an olefine <FORM:1016087/C2/1> to a reaction zone containing aqueous solution of sulphuric acid (82-88%), saturated with carbon monoxide.  R1 and R2 are alkyl radicals and R3 and R4 are alkyl radicals or hydrogen, the total C atoms in the olefine being 4-16.  The reaction is in the liquid phase and water is added to the reaction product to obtain the acid.  Isobutylene, diisobutylene, 2-methylbutene-1, 2-methylbutene-2, 2,4-dimethylpentene - 2, 2,4,4 - trimethylpentene - 1, 2,2,4 - trimethyl - pentene - 2,2 - methylpentadecene - 2. Examples describe the preparation of isononanoic acid from diisobutylene, and pivalic acid from isobutylene.
Patent GB-528014-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to conveyors for feeding cigarettes or other rod-shaped articles
IPC: B65G47/91
Filed: 1939-04-26
Abstract: 528,014. Cigarette-making machines. RUAU. F. F., and MOLINS MACHINE CO., Ltd. April 26, 1939, No. 12501. [Class 130] [Also in Group XXX] In a suction device for removing single articles from a row lying transversely to their direction of movement, a nozzle adapted to move above and near to the articles has a suction aperture arranged to face substantially in the direction of movement of the article at the moment the latter is taken up. The invention is shown applied to the lifting of selected cigarettes 10 from a conveyer band 4, delivering them to a weighpan 14 and then returning them to the band via the shoot 22. Two nozzles 7 are formed on a rotary suction member 1 so as to face forwardly at the time of pick-up. An abutment 9 regulates the width of the nozzle, while a lower shaped ledge 8 obstructs all other cigarettes than the one selected from being drawn up and clinging to the nozzle. The selected cigarettes are engaged by the hook 18 on the member 12 and carried round the guides 19, 20 to a point where they drop into the weigh-pan. The prong 17 acts as a stripper to remove the previous cigarette from the weigh-pan before the next is delivered thereto.
Patent GB-231693-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in heat exchanging devices
IPC: F24H1/14
Filed: 1924-05-21
Abstract: 231,693. Junkers, H. May 21, 1924. Gills for tubes. - A heat - exchanger having groups of ribbed elements 1, the superficial area of the ribs 2 of which increases in the direction a of the flow of the medium passing around the ribs, is arranged so that the increase is obtained by increasing the number of the ribs in successive groups, and at the same time decreasing their distance from one another. Preferably also the conduit through which this medium passes is maintained of substantially constant area by making the ribs thinner as the number in the group is increased.
Patent GB-1457054-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of 3-aminobenzoylbenzoic acids
IPC: C07C229/52
Filed: 1974-03-21
Abstract: 1457054 Preparation of 3-aminobenzoylbenzoic acids BASF AG 21 March 1974 [22 March 1973] 12530/74 Heading C2C 3-Amino-o-benzoyl-o-benzoic acids of the general Formula I wherein R<SP>1</SP> is hydrogen or chlorine and R<SP>2</SP> is hydrogen, chlorine, amino, methyl or hydroxyl are prepared by catalytic reduction of the corresponding 3-nitrocompound, as an aqueous solution of its alkali metal salt, with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure or a pressure of not more than 10 atmospheres in the presence of boric acid and/or one or more water soluble boric acid salts and in the presence of Raney nickel or a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst.
Patent GB-109107-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in Slide Rules.
IPC: G06G1/04
Filed: 1916-09-06
Abstract: 109,107. Jackson, T., Bentley, P., and Jackson Bros. Sept. 6, 1916. Slide-rules.- The body of a slide-rule is constructed of thin cardboard A or similar material padded with packing K and reinforced with metal M along the edges. The slide is also constructec. of the material A wrapped round a strip of metal N. A celluloid cursor P is held in position by a, spring clip S.
Patent GB-582404-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or connected with optical observation instruments, particularly rangefinders, heightfinders, and like measuring instruments
IPC: G01C3/02
Filed: 1940-08-06
Abstract: 582,404. Range-finders &c. BARR & STROUD, Ltd., and MAcGILL, C. D. Aug. 6, 1940, Nos. 12630/40 and 6088/41. [Class 97 (i)] [Also in Group XXIII] A motor-driven pump directs air through a supply system on to the window or windows of a range-finder &c. for cleaning purposes, and, alternatively or simultaneously, circulates it through the casing of the instrument to reduce differences of temperature and refractive index ; separate pumps may be used for the two supplies, the motor and pumps may be enclosed in a casing protecting them from water, soap solution, water &c. may be introduced into the cleaning system, and a desiccator may be provided in the circulating system. Fig. 1 (12630/40) shows a pump in a ribbed casing 11 secured to an electric motor casing 10, the motor being controlled by a switch 9 on the pedestal 1 carrying the range-finder A. A pipe 7 may be connected to the delivery outlet 22 of the pump and convey air through junctionbox 4 and pipes 5 to nozzles 6 delivering over the external surfaces of windows 3. Alternatively, unions 18 on a pipe 16 are respectively connected to the outlet 22 and to an inlet 15 to the range-finder casing, and a pipe 17 is connected to one outlet from the range-finder casing and to the intake 8 of the pump, thus forming a circulating system ; a desiccator, which may be as described in Specification 438,366, [Group XIII], may be provided in the pipe 17. The changing of connections may be avoided by providing two'-way taps at the intake 8 and outlet 22. As shown in Fig. 1 (6088/41), two separate'pumps 3, 4, side-by-side on one end of the shaft of a motor 2, are respectively connected by permanently attached piping to nozzles 7 for cleaning the windows 1, and to the interior of the casing, internal pipes 12 delivering the air to the ends of the casing. A container F for soap solution &c., regulable by manual operation of a valve 15, supplies to pipes of the cleaning system, and a desiccator D is provided in the circulating system. The air supply to the pumps may be drawn wholly or partly by a pipe 18 through the motor casing for cooling purposes, and the motor and pumps may be enclosed in a metal box capable of excluding water, the box having an intake provided with baffles. The pumps may be at opposite ends of the motor shaft. Specifications 2114/15, [Class 97 (i)], 572,438, [Group XXIII], and 572,503 also are referred to.
Patent GB-1507274-A (GB)
Title: Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine having cylinder head exhaust passage liners
IPC: F02M31/08
Filed: 1976-03-30
Abstract: 1507274 I C engine exhaust passages; heating charge NISSAN MOTOR CO Ltd 30 March 1976 [11 April 1975] 12696/76 Heading F1B [Also in Division B3]  Each of the exhaust passages 34 has a liner 40 for restricting heat-transfer from the exhaust gases to the cylinder head 22. The liners each comprises two stainless steel plates 40a, 40b with a sealed airgap 40c therebetween. The outer plate 40b may be spaced from the passage wall 34c by spacers 42 or in contact with the wall, Fig. 4 (not shown). The liners are cast-in to the head 22, the gap 40d being provided by core sand which is removed after casting. The inlet mixtures fed to the main and precombustion chambers 20, 24 are heated by heat transmitted from the exhaust gases within the exhaust manifold reactor 48 through adjacent walls, Fig. 5. An aperture may be provided in the wall 52b.
Patent GB-730874-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in or relating to the production of animal feeding stuffs
Inventor: MERTON ROBERT RALPH
IPC: A23K1/00
Filed: 1952-05-20
Abstract: Animal feeding stuffs such as calf and cattle meals which are suspended in aqueous liquid for feeding to the animals contain as suspension agent a mixture of alginic acid and a base such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate, sodium, potassium or ammonium carbonate, trisodium orthophosphate, magnesium oxide or hydroxide in quantity sufficient to form a water-soluble alginate with the alginic acid. Suspension is improved by employing sodium metaphosphate also. According to an example, a dry mix of 100 parts of baby calf meal, 0.55 parts of alginic acid, 0.18 parts of p  sodium bicarbonate and 0.2 parts of sodium metaphosphate is stirred with 900 parts of water at 45 DEG C for one minute, and the suspension so formed is allowed to stand for 10 minutes before being fed to calves.
Patent GB-741222-A (GB)
Title: Method and device for cutting and slicing onions or the like
IPC: B26D3/22
Filed: 1951-05-30
Abstract: 741,222. Cutting onions &c. CUPPER, O. May 30, 1951 [June 28, 1950], No. 12769/51. Class 5 (1). Strips, slices or cubes are cut off from the bottom of an onion 4 &c. by cutters 5, 5<SP>1</SP> and 6 mounted to project above a bottom rotated plate, the cutters 5 making arcuate cuts after which the onion hopper is rotated through 90 degrees whereby the cutters 5<SP>1</SP> make other arcuate cuts at 90 degrees and finally the cutter 6 slices off the projecting stumps to make cubes. A lug ensures that the onion rotates with the hopper. When strips or slices only are desired the cutters 5<SP>1</SP> and/or the cutters 5 are turned down by handle 17 within the plate to inoperative position. The cut strips &c. are received in a collecting receptacle 19 secured by clips 20 and sealed by a ring 21. Specification 741,275 is referred to.
Patent GB-1463022-A (GB)
Title: Electrolytic method and apparatus for processing aqueous oil  emulsions
IPC: B01D17/12
Filed: 1975-03-27
Abstract: 1463022 Separating oil from water VEREINIGTE OSTERREICHISCHE EISEN-UNDSTAHLWERKE-ALPINE MONTAN AG 27 March 1975 [5 April 1974] 12862/75 Heading C1C [Also in Divisions C7 and G3] An aqueous oil emulsion is electrolysed in a cell 3 to dissociate an oil phase from an aqueous phase, separation of the phases then being effected in a settling tank 4 wherein the dissociated emulsion is conducted in a horizontal stream and deviation of the height of a boundary zone between an oil-enriched phase (curve a) and an oil-impoverished phase (curve b) from a preselected height is determined by measuring turbidity in the emulsion, e.g. below and above the preselected height with pairs of vertically spaced sensors 5 1 , 5 2 , 5 3  and a transducer 7b, and the rate of withdrawal of emulsion from the cell via duct 3a and/or the quantity of electricity supplied to the cell per unit volume of emulsion is/are regulated in dependence upon the deviation, e.g. by servomotor 8b acting on pump 2 and/or servomotor 8a connected to a further turbidity sensor 5a via transducer 7a acting on variable transformer 9 connected to the cell electrodes 3b respectively. Instead of pairs of turbidity sensors 5, a single sensor (21, Fig. 2), with vertically adjustable limit switches (17) may be provided for each measuring crosssection; the further turbidity sensor (5b) may be incorporated into the duct 3a. The suction of the pump 2 may be connected to a collecting vessel 1 for the emulsion. A further electrolysis cell 12 with variable transformer 10 and settling tank 6 may be provided. An oil stripper 22 may be provided near the separated oil overflow 4b. A suction device (18, Fig. 2), for oil sludge, and a regulating valve (19) or vertical adjustment (weir 23) in the overflow may also be provided.
Patent GB-1043193-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to air cleaning apparatus
Inventor: CLEMENT CHARLES JAMES DUNCAN
IPC: E21F5/20
Filed: 1962-04-04
Abstract: 1,043,193. Gas scrubbers. AMBUCO Ltd. July 2, 1963 [April 4, 1962], No. 12902/62. Heading B1R. Air to be scrubbed is drawn by a fan 9<SP>1</SP> through an inlet 1 into a chamber 2 wherein are disposed a set of venluri tubes 3 mounted in a horizontal plate and each having a nozzle 4 for spraying the air passing therethrough with liquid, the scrubbed air then passing through a chamber containing moisture eliminators 13 and flanged ports 16 to a chamber containing the fan 9 and an outlet 11. The lower portion of the chamber 2 may have a perforated grid 6 which allows washing liquid to collect in the base of the chamber and from which it can be recirculated.
Patent GB-331959-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in apparatus for shelling nuts
IPC: A23N5/00
Filed: 1929-04-26
Abstract: 331,959. Wokes, C. April 26, 1929. Cracking nuts.-In apparatus for shelling nuts, the nuts are fed along a horizontal path between one or more pairs of plungers displaceable horizontally but transversely of the path, one plunger of each pair being resiliently displaceable to position and lock the nut against the other or crocking plunger 'which is then displaced by a predetermined amount to crack the nut. In a pedal-operated machine, Fig. 1, a cracking plurger 16 slides in a guide 21 and is operated by a bell-crank 38 connected by a rod 40 to a pedal 41. A stem 73 on the plunger is provided with adjustable lock-nuts 74 which abut the casing 21 and limit the forward stroke of the plunger- The locking plunger 15 slides in a guide 20 and is operated by a bell crank 25 connected to the plunger by a link 24 and to a pedal 27 by a link 26 and spring 37. A stirrup 32 straddles the locking plunger and is connected to a lever 34, Fig. 3, operated by the pedal 27 through a link 36. Movement of the pedal 27 causes the plunger 15 to push the nut 12 against the plunger 16 and then to bring the stirrup down on to the plunger 15 to retain it ir. this position. The pedal 41 is then depressed to move the plunger 16 to crack the nut. The plungers may be operated through a power shaft 48, Figs. 5 and 6, on which is mounted eccentrics 60, 63 and 76. Each eccentric 63 operates a lever 64 which is connected to the stirrup 32 by a link 66 whilst each eccentric 60 operates a lever 62 connected to the locking plunger 15. The eccentric 76 operates the cracking plungers by lever 68, link 72 and lever 70. The nuts are fed intermittently to the plungers by a conveyer 14 and the eccentrics are arranged on the shaft so that the plunger 15 pushes the nut against the opposing plunger 16 and is then retained in position by the stirrup 32, the plunger 16 is then operated to crack the nut. The conveyer 14 is driven by bevel wheels 49, 50 and a Geneva stop action 58, 59, the segment 58 and striking arm 52, Fig. 7, of which is driven by the bevel wheel 50 through the shaft 51. The driving ribs 77 and recessed portion of the action are mounted on a shaft 54 which drives the conveyer chain through a sprocket wheel. The cams may be adapted to displace their respective members into the in. operative position against the action of springs, which latter thus act to force the plungers into their operative position, or the locking plunger may be fed forward by spring means and returned by its cam, and the cracking plunger fed forward by its cam against the action of a spring.
Patent GB-435166-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in and relating to dough dividers
IPC: A21C5/02
Filed: 1934-03-09
Abstract: 435,166. Dough dividers. HARBER, L. S., POINTON, J. E., and BAKER PERKINS, Ltd., Westwood Works, Peterborough. March 9, 1934, No. 12971/35. Divided out of 435,186. [Class 87 (ii)] In a dough divider comprising a hopper 5, a cut-off knife 7 and a ram 8 for charging dough into measuring pockets 9, the actuating mechanism is so constructed and arranged that the knife and ram are initially moved forward together in register for a substantial portion of the charging stroke, the ram is stopped while the knife completes its stroke and the ram finally moved fully forward. The knife and ram then remain stationary while the pockets 9 are moved to cut off from the ram chamber and deliver the dough and the ram and knife are returned together. The ram 8 is connected by a rod 12 to one arm of a bellcrank lever 11 pivoted on a main lever 10 which has an extension 10<a> carrying a roller 18 engaged by an operating cam 19. The other end of the bell-crank is connected to a collar 13 sliding on a rod 14 pivoted to an extension 15 on the lever 10. A spring 16 is interposed between the collar 13 and a fixed collar 17. The knife 7 is connected to a lever 20 and is moved forward by a cam 21 and backward by a cam 26 engaging an arm 28 fixed to the lever 20. A lateral lug 22 on the lever 20 is adapted to engage an adjustable stop 23 on the lever 10 so as to retract the ram 8 by means of the knife-retracting mechanism. There may be two levers 20, one on each side of the lever 10. The cam 19 is so contoured that the ram is arrested during its charging stroke. The spring 16 and bell-crank lever 11 serve to adjust the compression on the dough according to the predetermined capacity of the pockets 9. The cam 19 relieves the pressure on the rod 10 slightly after charging to enable the ram to be moved back by the lug 22.
Patent GB-257541-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in tea-pots and like vessels for making a beverage by infusion
IPC: A47J36/14
Filed: 1926-05-21
Abstract: 257,541. Barker Bros. Silversmiths, Ltd., and Barker, F. E. May 21, 1926. Pots.-A teapot &c. is provided with a removable strainer plate f freely suspended at its upper end about a transverse axis and adapted when the pot is horizontal to swing away from the spout opening. In the construction described, a metal teapot a has a spout b formed with a shoulder or step c at its junction with the pot, except at the top where a slot d is provided. A semi-circular recess is cut in the shoulder c at each end in line with the slot to receive a cylindrical rod e to which a flat perforated strainer plate f is secured, the plate ,being inserted through the slot and supported by the rod. The plate f has substantially the outline of the shoulder c and normally hangs free of the shoulder, which is slightly inclined to the vertical, but in the pouring position swings against the shoulder. The rod e, which may be integral with the plate f, is substantially the same width as the slot d.
Patent GB-582060-A (GB)
Title: Manufacture of vinyl-chloracetylenes
IPC: C07C17/00
Filed: 1944-07-10
Abstract: Vinyl chloracetylenes containing the group <FORM:0582060/IV/1> are prepared by treating a chlorethinyl alcohol having seven or less carbon atoms and containing the group <FORM:0582060/IV/2> at an elevated temperature with an agent capable of eliminating water such as phosphoric acid, sulphonic acids such as paratoluene sulphonic acid, iodine, alumina, silica gel, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulphate or basic aluminium sulphate.  In the example, phosphoric acid, hydroquinone and 2-methyl-4-chlorobutine-3-ol-2 are heated together and 1-chlor-2-isopropenyl acetylene is produced.  The products may be polymerized.
Patent GB-206108-A (GB)
Title: Improvements in condenser plants for locomotives
IPC: F28B5/00
Filed: 1923-05-16
Abstract: 206,108. Aktiebolaget Ljungstr÷ms Angturbin. Oct. 25, 1922, [Convention date]. Jet condensers; condenser systems. - In a condenser system for locomotives &c. in which the steam is condensed by direct contact with the cooling water in an elongated chamber, whence the water is withdrawn by a pump, and to which it is returned after passing through air-cooled cooling-elements, the condensing- chamber is placed within the space enclosed by the cooling-elements and extends throughout the height thereof, being directly connected to the cooling-elements, or to the headers into which they open, at its upper end. In the arrangement shown the condensing-chamber 1 is wedge-shaped in cross-section, and supports the cooling-fans 4, 5 which are arranged between it and the cooling-elements 2, 3. The cooling- elements 2. 3 consist of flattened tubes collected into headers 15 which are mounted on the top of the chamber 1 with which they communicate through passages 19, Fig. 2, so that the cooling- water is delivered to the condensing-chamber throughout its length. The water is forced out of the chamber 1 by cooling pump 8 through pipes 11, 12, which are flattened to diminish the resistance of the passage of the air to the fans 4. 5, to the cooling elements 2, 3. The water is distributed in the chamber 1 by a perforated plate 16, and a strainer 9<a> intercepts impurities. The steam may be admitted at the ends of the chamber 1, and caused to travel in a tortuous path by baffles. The air &c. are then withdrawn from the middle part of the chamber by a steam ejector which delivers into a surface condenser in the upper part of the chamber 1. The chamber 1 may be of pear shape in crosssection, with broad end upwards, in which case the fans are placed below the chamber.