Claim: Ohio officials say tick-borne Lyme Disease still a threat.
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
text: are often inadvertently transferred to hikers. Ticks can carry Lyme disease or Tularemia (rabbit fever). Lyme disease, if left untreated, can cause heart and brain disorders, including paraplegia in severe cases, and Tularemia can lead to incapacitating fever and in rare cases death. The canyon on the west side of Interstate 5 between Genesee Avenue and Sorrento Valley Road is particularly abundant with ticks, and a sign on the Del Mar trail near Carmel Valley Road warns hikers that ticks are found along that trail. Fortunately, Lyme disease happens to be "quite rare" in San Diego County, unlike most other

title: Lyme disease
text: (i.e. the typical rash found in about 70-80% of people infected). Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks. In 2010, the highest number of confirmed Lyme disease cases were reported from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Minnesota, Maryland, Virginia, New Hampshire, Delaware, and Maine. U.S. workers in the northeastern and north-central States are at highest risk of exposure to infected ticks. Ticks may also transmit other tick-borne diseases to workers in these and other regions of the country. Worksites with woods, bushes, high grass, or leaf litter are

title: Occupational exposure to Lyme disease
text: normally lives in mice, squirrels, and other small mammals. Cat fleas and ticks can carry pathogenic organisms that infect a person with Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases. Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks. In 2010, the highest number of confirmed Lyme disease cases were reported from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Minnesota, Maryland, Virginia, New Hampshire, Delaware, and Maine. U.S. workers in the northeastern and north-central States are at highest risk of exposure to infected ticks. Ticks may also transmit other tick-borne diseases to workers in

title: Western Connecticut State University
text: research opportunities the lake offers, working with WCSU faculty to study invasive water species such as Eurasian milfoil. Tick Research Dr. Neeta Connally, Ph.D., a full-time faculty member at WCSU, conducts research on Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases in Fairfield County. Along with undergraduate students, Dr. Connally works with nearby towns to study local ticks. She also serves as scientific advisor to the BLAST (Bathe, Look for ticks, Apply repellent, Spray your yard, Treat your pets) program in Ridgefield, Connecticut. WestConn has the only bachelor's degree program in meteorology in southern New England. It is part of the Department

title: Dermacentor variabilis
text: before disease transmission occurs. Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia ("Francisella tularensis"). It is one of the most well-known hard ticks. Diseases are spread when it sucks blood from the host, which could take several days for the host to experience some symptoms. Though "D. variabilis" may be exposed to "Borrelia burgdorferi", the causative agent of Lyme disease, these ticks are not competent vectors for the transmission of

title: Tick-borne disease
text: an individual to acquire infection, the feeding tick must also be infected. Not all ticks are infected. In most places in the US, 30-50% of deer ticks will be infected with "Borrelia burgdorferi" (the agent of Lyme disease). Other pathogens are much more rare. Ticks can be tested for infection using a highly specific and sensitive qPCR procedure. Several commercial labs provide this service to individuals for a fee. The Laboratory of Medical Zoology (LMZ), a nonprofit lab at the University of Massachusetts, provides a comprehensive TickReport for a variety of human pathogens and makes the data available to the

title: Lyme disease microbiology
text: Mongolia as well. In South America, tick-borne disease recognition and occurrence is rising. Ticks carrying "B. burgdorferi" "s.l.", as well as canine and human tick-borne diseases, have been reported widely in Brazil, but the subspecies of "Borrelia" has not yet been defined. The first reported case of Lyme disease in Brazil was made in 1993 in Sao Paulo. "B. burgdorferi" "sensu stricto" antigens in patients have been identified in Colombia and in Bolivia. B. burgorferi has been reported in Bay Islands of Honduras. In Northern Africa, "B. burgdorferi" "s.s." has been identified in Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia. In western

title: Lyme disease
text: transmission is quite rare, with only about 1% of recognized tick bites resulting in Lyme disease. In Europe, the vector is "Ixodes ricinus", which is also called the sheep tick or castor bean tick. In China, "Ixodes persulcatus" (the taiga tick) is probably the most important vector. In North America, the black-legged tick or deer tick ("Ixodes scapularis") is the main vector on the East Coast. The lone star tick ("Amblyomma americanum"), which is found throughout the Southeastern United States as far west as Texas, is unlikely to transmit the Lyme disease spirochetes, though it may be implicated in a

title: Lyme disease microbiology
text: 50 states in the U.S (all but Hawaii), about 99% of all reported cases are confined to just five geographic areas (New England, Mid-Atlantic, East-North Central, South Atlantic, and West North-Central). In Europe, cases of "B. burgdorferi" "s.l."-infected ticks are found predominantly in Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia, and Poland, but have been isolated in almost every country on the continent. Lyme disease statistics for Europe can be found at Eurosurveillance website. "Borrelia burgdorferi" "s.l."-infested ticks are being found more frequently in Japan, as well as in northwest China and far eastern Russia. "Borrelia" has been isolated in

title: Dermacentor variabilis
text: Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia ("Francisella tularensis"). It is one of the most well-known hard ticks. Diseases are spread when it sucks blood from the host, which could take several days for the host to experience some symptoms. Though "D. variabilis" may be exposed to "Borrelia burgdorferi", the causative agent of Lyme disease, these ticks are not competent vectors for the transmission of this disease. The primary

title: Lyme disease
text: effective in the prevention of tick bites. In Europe known reservoirs of "Borrelia burgdorferi" were 9 small mammals, 7 medium-sized mammals and 16 species of birds (including passerines, sea-birds and pheasants). These animals seem to transmit spirochetes to ticks and thus participate in the natural circulation of B. burgdorferi in Europe. The house mouse is also suspected as well as other species of small rodents, particularly in Eastern Europe and Russia. A recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease, based on the outer surface protein A (ospA) of "B. burgdorferi", was developed by SmithKline Beecham. In clinical trials involving more than 10,000

title: Lyme disease
text: spread. In Europe ticks of the "Ixodes ricinus" type may spread the bacteria more quickly. In North America, "Borrelia burgdorferi" and "Borrelia mayonii" are the cause. In Europe and Asia, the bacteria "Borrelia afzelii" and "Borrelia garinii" are also causes of the disease. The disease does not appear to be transmissible between people, by other animals, or through food. Diagnosis is based upon a combination of symptoms, history of tick exposure, and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood. Blood tests are often negative in the early stages of the disease. Testing of individual ticks is not typically useful.

title: Lyme disease
text: basis of clinical suspicion, it is believed that many GPs are unaware of the requirement. Mandatory reporting, limited to laboratory test results only, was introduced throughout the UK in October 2010, under the Health Protection (Notification) Regulations 2010. Although there is a greater incidence of Lyme disease in the New Forest, Salisbury Plain, Exmoor, the South Downs, parts of Wiltshire and Berkshire, Thetford Forest and the West coast and islands of Scotland infected ticks are widespread, and can even be found in the parks of London. A 1989 report found that 25% of forestry workers in the New Forest were

title: Occupational exposure to Lyme disease
text: Occupational exposure to Lyme disease Occupational exposure to Lyme disease is exposure to Lyme disease on the job. It is a major health issue among outdoor workers. Lyme disease is the most commonly reported tick-borne disease in the United States. In 2010, more than 22,500 confirmed and 7,500 probable cases of Lyme disease were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lyme disease is passed to humans by the bite of black-legged ticks (also known as deer ticks in the eastern United States) and western black-legged ticks infected with the bacterium "Borrelia burgdorferi". The Lyme disease bacterium

title: Stephen Malawista
text: who correctly identified the "Borrelia burgdorferi" bacterium as the cause of Lyme disease in Connecticut and the eastern United States. Other scientists later determined that the deer tick was the carrier of the bacterium. Malawista and his colleagues contributed to the research the possible spread of Lyme disease by deer ticks by comparing the incidents of the disease along the eastern and western sides of the Connecticut River. Another of Malawista's colleagues within the Yale rheumatology department, Dr. Linda Bockenstedt later spoke of his commitment to his research on Lyme disease, telling the "Hartford Courant" in 2013, "I think he

title: Lyme disease
text: still poorly understood, and that future studies should be conducted over longer time periods, become more standardized across regions, and incorporate existing knowledge of regional Lyme disease ecology. Owing to changing climate, the range of ticks able to carry Lyme disease has expanded from a limited area of Ontario to include areas of southern Quebec, Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern New Brunswick, southwest Nova Scotia and limited parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta, as well as British Columbia. Cases have been reported as far east as the island of Newfoundland. A model-based prediction by Leighton "et al." (2012) suggests that the range

title: Southern tick-associated rash illness
text: to detect "Borrelia burgdorferi", which is the causative agent of Lyme disease, in patients from the southern United States. This disease may be caused by the related bacterium "Borrelia lonestari", which is a spirochete first isolated in culture in 2004. However, this conclusion is controversial since the spirochete is not detected in all cases of the syndrome, which has led some authors to argue that the illness is not caused by a bacterial pathogen. Diagnosis is based on a circular "bull's-eye" rash at the site of infection called erythema chronicum migrans, which is very similar to that seen in Lyme

title: Lyme disease microbiology
text: ticks in Sweden and "I. scapularis" ticks in the U.S. Apart from this group of closely related genospecies, additional "Borrelia" species of interest include "B. lonestari", a spirochete recently detected in the "Amblyomma americanum" tick (lone star tick) in the U.S. "B. lonestari" is suspected of causing southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), also known as Masters disease in honor of its discoverer, Edwin Masters. The illness follows a lone star tick bite, and clinically resembles Lyme disease, but sufferers usually test negative for Lyme. Currently, no diagnostic test is available for STARI/Masters, and no official treatment protocol exists, though antibiotics

title: Occupational exposure to Lyme disease
text: these and other regions of the country. Worksites with woods, bushes, high grass, or leaf litter are likely to have more ticks. Outdoor workers should be extra careful to protect themselves in the late spring and summer when young ticks are most active. NIOSH and the CDC recommend that all outdoor workers be informed and have their questions answered by employers about Lyme disease on the job. Workers at risk of Lyme disease include, but are not limited to, those working in the following: NIOSH and the CDC recommend that employers protect their workers from Lyme disease. This can be

title: Lyme disease
text: related syndrome called southern tick-associated rash illness, which resembles a mild form of Lyme disease. On the West Coast of the United States, the main vector is the western black-legged tick ("Ixodes pacificus"). The tendency of this tick species to feed predominantly on host species such as lizards that are resistant to "Borrelia" infection appears to diminish transmission of Lyme disease in the West. Transmission can occur across the placenta during pregnancy and as with a number of other spirochetal diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes are possible with untreated infection; prompt treatment with antibiotics reduces or eliminates this risk. While Lyme