Claim: Survey finds many ticks carry disease in North Dakota.
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Lyme disease
text: (i.e. the typical rash found in about 70-80% of people infected). Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks. In 2010, the highest number of confirmed Lyme disease cases were reported from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Minnesota, Maryland, Virginia, New Hampshire, Delaware, and Maine. U.S. workers in the northeastern and north-central States are at highest risk of exposure to infected ticks. Ticks may also transmit other tick-borne diseases to workers in these and other regions of the country. Worksites with woods, bushes, high grass, or leaf litter are

title: Occupational exposure to Lyme disease
text: normally lives in mice, squirrels, and other small mammals. Cat fleas and ticks can carry pathogenic organisms that infect a person with Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases. Outdoor workers are at risk of Lyme disease if they work at sites with infected ticks. In 2010, the highest number of confirmed Lyme disease cases were reported from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Minnesota, Maryland, Virginia, New Hampshire, Delaware, and Maine. U.S. workers in the northeastern and north-central States are at highest risk of exposure to infected ticks. Ticks may also transmit other tick-borne diseases to workers in

title: Heartland virus
text: from five U.S. states: Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. Most people infected were spending time outdoors in regions where ticks are endemic. Most infections are diagnosed between May and September. People usually report having been bitten by a tick within two weeks prior to seeking health care. Diagnosis is through the elimination of other causes of infectious diseases with related symptoms like ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis or if the patient fails to respond to treatment with the antibiotic doxycycline. RT-PCR may then be used to detect viral ssRNA in the blood. Antibody titers against the virus may also be used

title: Lyme disease
text: transmission is quite rare, with only about 1% of recognized tick bites resulting in Lyme disease. In Europe, the vector is "Ixodes ricinus", which is also called the sheep tick or castor bean tick. In China, "Ixodes persulcatus" (the taiga tick) is probably the most important vector. In North America, the black-legged tick or deer tick ("Ixodes scapularis") is the main vector on the East Coast. The lone star tick ("Amblyomma americanum"), which is found throughout the Southeastern United States as far west as Texas, is unlikely to transmit the Lyme disease spirochetes, though it may be implicated in a

title: Longhorned tick
text: dogs, and humans. It is believed to migrate by parasitizing birds, which carry it to new areas. The longhorned tick can transmit an animal disease called theileriosis to cattle, which can cause considerable blood loss and occasional death of calves, but mainly is important to dairy farmers because of decreased milk production and sheep farmers because of decreased wool quantity and quality. Human diseases such as Lyme spirochetes, spotted fever group rickettsiae, "Ehrlichia chaffeensis", and "Anaplasma bovis" have been detected in "H. longicornis". It has been associated with Russian spring-summer encephalitis, Powassan virus, Khasan virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Japanese spotted

title: Lyme disease microbiology
text: ticks in Sweden and "I. scapularis" ticks in the U.S. Apart from this group of closely related genospecies, additional "Borrelia" species of interest include "B. lonestari", a spirochete recently detected in the "Amblyomma americanum" tick (lone star tick) in the U.S. "B. lonestari" is suspected of causing southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), also known as Masters disease in honor of its discoverer, Edwin Masters. The illness follows a lone star tick bite, and clinically resembles Lyme disease, but sufferers usually test negative for Lyme. Currently, no diagnostic test is available for STARI/Masters, and no official treatment protocol exists, though antibiotics

title: Los Peñasquitos Lagoon
text: are often inadvertently transferred to hikers. Ticks can carry Lyme disease or Tularemia (rabbit fever). Lyme disease, if left untreated, can cause heart and brain disorders, including paraplegia in severe cases, and Tularemia can lead to incapacitating fever and in rare cases death. The canyon on the west side of Interstate 5 between Genesee Avenue and Sorrento Valley Road is particularly abundant with ticks, and a sign on the Del Mar trail near Carmel Valley Road warns hikers that ticks are found along that trail. Fortunately, Lyme disease happens to be "quite rare" in San Diego County, unlike most other

title: Lyme disease
text: and 2–40% will have babesiosis. Ticks in certain regions, including the lands along the eastern Baltic Sea, also transmit tick-borne encephalitis. Coinfections complicate Lyme symptoms, especially diagnosis and treatment. It is possible for a tick to carry and transmit one of the coinfections and not "Borrelia", making diagnosis difficult and often elusive. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studied 100 ticks in rural New Jersey, and found 55% of the ticks were infected with at least one of the pathogens. "B. burgdorferi" can spread throughout the body during the course of the disease, and has been found in the

title: Tick-borne disease
text: public. Those wishing to know the incidence of tick-borne diseases in their town or state can search the LMZ surveillance database. Major tick-borne diseases include: Tick-borne disease Tick-borne diseases, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents transmitted by tick bites. Tick-borne illnesses are caused by infection with a variety of pathogens, including rickettsia and other types of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Because individual ticks can harbor more than one disease-causing agent, patients can be infected with more than one pathogen at the same time, compounding the difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. As of 2016, 16 tick-borne

title: Lyme disease
text: of the "I. scapularis" tick will expand into Canada by 46 km/year over the next decade, with warming climatic temperatures as the main driver of increased speed of spread. A 2007 study suggests "Borrelia burgdorferi" infections are endemic to Mexico, from four cases reported between 1999 and 2000. Each year, approximately 30,000 new cases are reported to the CDC however, this number is likely underestimated. The CDC is currently conducting research on evaluation and diagnostics of the disease and preliminary results suggest the number of new cases to be around 300,000. Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in

title: American mink
text: American mink often carries light tick and flea infestations. Tick species known to infest minks include "Ixodes hexagonus", "Ixodes canisuga", "Ixodes ricinus", and "Ixodes acuminatus". Flea species known to infest minks include "Palaeopsylla minor", "Malaraeus penicilliger", "Ctenopthalmus noblis", "Megabothris walkeri", "Typhloceras poppei", and "Nosopsyllus fasciatus". Endoparasites include "Skrjabingylus nasicola" and "Troglotrema acutum". Trematode "Metorchis conjunctus" can also infect American minks. Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a prion disease of mink, similar to BSE in cattle and scrapie in sheep. A 1985 outbreak of TME in Stetsonville, Wisconsin resulted in a 60% mortality rate for the minks. Further testing revealed this

title: White-tailed deer
text: pose a threat to human health, to livestock, and to other deer. Deer are the primary host and vector for the adult black-legged tick, which transmits the Lyme disease bacterium to humans. Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the country and is found in twelve states in Eastern America. In 2009, it affected more than 38,000 people. Furthermore, the incidence of Lyme disease seems to reflect deer density in the eastern United States, which suggests a strong correlation. White-tailed deer also serve as intermediate hosts for many diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as Rocky Mountain

title: Heartland virus
text: State University first isolated the "Heartland virus" (HRTV) from the Lone Star Tick ("Amblyomma americanum"). As of 2013 work continued to identify the reservoir host, as HRTV has not been isolated from any wild or domestic animals though any white-tailed deer and raccoon from northwestern Missouri had antibodies to HRTV, suggesting that they may be hosts. In a 2015 retrospective study using convenience samples of different wild animal sera deer, raccoon, coyotes, and moose had antibodies against HRTV. They lived in thirteen states: Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, but also New Hampshire, Maine and

title: Rocky Mountain spotted fever
text: vectors of "R. rickettsii" in the United States are the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni). American dog ticks are widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains and they also occur in limited areas along the Pacific Coast. Dogs and medium-sized mammals are the preferred hosts of an adult American dog ticks, although it feeds readily on other large mammals, including human beings. This tick is the most commonly identified species responsible for transmitting "R. rickettsii" to humans. Rocky Mountain wood ticks ("Dermacentor andersoni") are found in the Rocky Mountain states and in

title: Dermacentor variabilis
text: Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia ("Francisella tularensis"). It is one of the most well-known hard ticks. Diseases are spread when it sucks blood from the host, which could take several days for the host to experience some symptoms. Though "D. variabilis" may be exposed to "Borrelia burgdorferi", the causative agent of Lyme disease, these ticks are not competent vectors for the transmission of this disease. The primary

title: Ornithodoros savignyi
text: species is of interest because of the pathogens it carries, and its salivary apyrases which prevent platelet activation and aggregation, that is, blood-clotting. In humans the tick may cause dermatitis, fever and lymphadenitis. It is also a carrier of "Borrelia", a spirochaete bacterium, and is a carrier of a flavivirus causing Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever (AHFV). The closely related Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) is endemic to certain regions of India. That AHFV and KFDV diverged some 700 years ago would suggest that unknown tick-borne hemorrhagic/encephalitic viruses may exist between Saudi Arabia and India. Soft ticks of the family Argasidae lack

title: Amblyomma americanum
text: unlikely to be capable of transmitting Lyme disease. Some evidence indicates "A. americanum" saliva inactivates "B. burgdorferi" more quickly than the saliva of "Ixodes scapularis". Recently the bacteria "Borrelia andersonii" and "Borrelia americana" have been linked to "A. americanum". In 2013, in response to two cases of severe febrile illness occurring in two farmers in northwestern Missouri, researchers determined the lone star tick can transmit the heartland virus. Six more cases were identified in 2012–2013 in Missouri and Tennessee. The bite of the lone star tick can cause a person to develop alpha-gal meat allergy, a delayed response to nonprimate

title: Heartland virus
text: Heartland virus The Heartland virus (HRTV) is a tick-borne "phlebovirus" of the "Bhanja virus" serocomplex discovered in 2009. The Lone Star Tick transmits the virus to people when feeding on blood. As of 2017, only five Midwestern United States have reported 20 human infections, namely Arkansas, Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Tennessee; symptoms resemble those of two other tick-borne infections ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. The reservoir host is unknown, but deer, raccoon, coyotes, and moose in 13 different states have antibody titers against the virus. The "Heartland virus" (HRTV) was discovered in 2009 in northwestern Missouri by Dr. Scott Folk of Heartland

title: Dermacentor variabilis
text: before disease transmission occurs. Dermacentor variabilis Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia ("Francisella tularensis"). It is one of the most well-known hard ticks. Diseases are spread when it sucks blood from the host, which could take several days for the host to experience some symptoms. Though "D. variabilis" may be exposed to "Borrelia burgdorferi", the causative agent of Lyme disease, these ticks are not competent vectors for the transmission of

title: Lyme disease microbiology
text: 50 states in the U.S (all but Hawaii), about 99% of all reported cases are confined to just five geographic areas (New England, Mid-Atlantic, East-North Central, South Atlantic, and West North-Central). In Europe, cases of "B. burgdorferi" "s.l."-infected ticks are found predominantly in Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia, and Poland, but have been isolated in almost every country on the continent. Lyme disease statistics for Europe can be found at Eurosurveillance website. "Borrelia burgdorferi" "s.l."-infested ticks are being found more frequently in Japan, as well as in northwest China and far eastern Russia. "Borrelia" has been isolated in