Claim: Ebola Vaccines Show Promise in New Study
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic
text: Guinea. Previously, a 2015 study in medical journal "The Lancet" reported that the vaccine was 100 percent effective after tests on 4000 people in Guinea who had been in close contact with Ebola patients. Gavi global alliance signed a $5 million advance to buy the vaccine and help expedite the licensing and WHO approval process. In April 2017, a panel of researchers from U.S. National Academy of Medicine questioned the vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing Ebola contractions in a study sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

title: Ebola vaccine
text: University of Texas-Austin was developing a nasal spray Ebola vaccine, which the team had been working on for seven years. The team reported in 2014 that in the nonhuman primate studies it conducted, the vaccine had more efficacy when delivered via nasal spray than by injection. As of early November 2014 further development by the team appeared unlikely due to lack of funding. Vaxart Inc. is developing a vaccine technology in the form of a temperature-stable tablet which may offer advantages such as reduced cold chain requirement, and rapid and scalable manufacturing. In January 2015, Vaxart announced that it had

title: Ebola vaccine
text: secured funding to develop its Ebola vaccine to Phase 1 trial. In late 2014 and early 2015, a double-blind, randomized Phase 1 trial was conducted in the Jiangsu Province of China; the trial examined a vaccine that contains glycoproteins of the 2014 strain, rather than those of the 1976 strain. The trial found signals of efficacy and raised no significant safety concerns. A study published in "Science" during March 2015 demonstrates that vaccination with a weakened form of the Ebola virus provides some measure of protection to non-human primates. This study was conducted in accordance with a protocol approved by

title: Ebola vaccine
text: CanSino Biotechnology Inc. Their findings were consistent with previous tests on rVSV-ZEBOV in Africa and Europe. In January 2015, Marie-Paule Kieny, the WHO's assistant director-general of health systems and innovation, announced that the vaccines cAd3-EBO Z and VSV-EBOV had demonstrated acceptable safety profiles during early testing and would soon progress to large-scale trials in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. The trials would involve up to 27,000 people and comprise 3 groups – members of the first two groups would receive the two candidate vaccines, while the third group will receive a placebo. Both vaccines have since successfully completed the Phase

title: Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea
text: of Health and Human Services, and conducted by researchers from the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, called the vaccine’s effectiveness in preventing Ebola infections into question. In particular, the authors criticized the methodology of the patient trail, and argued that the protection provided by the vaccine may be lower than officially announced. The WHO approved the vaccine for use in the ongoing Ebola outbreak on May 29, 2017. It was announced in May 2017 that the Gamaleya Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology in Russia would deliver 1000 doses of an independently produced vaccine to Guinea for testing. According to a

title: Ebola vaccine
text: 2000 people. According to local media reports, the Guinean government authorized the commencement of the trials on 9 August 2017 at the Rusal-built Research and Diagnostic Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology in Kindia. The trials are slated to continue until 2018. Credit Suisse has estimated that the U.S. government will eventually provide over $1 billion in contracts to companies to develop medicine and vaccines for Ebola virus disease. Congress passed a law in 2004 that funds a national stockpile of vaccines and medicine for possible outbreaks of disease. A number of companies are developing Ebola vaccines: GlaxoSmithKline, NewLink Genetics, Johnson

title: Ebola vaccine
text: of animal model studies that replicate human disease, combined with evidence of safety and a potentially potent immune response (antibodies in the blood) from humans given the vaccine. Clinical trials involve the administration of the vaccine to healthy human subjects to evaluate the immune response, identify any side effects and determine the appropriate dosage. In December 2016, a study found the VSV-EBOV vaccine to be 70–100% effective against the Ebola virus, making it the first proven vaccine against the disease. A vaccine based on the vesicular stomatitis virus which was genetically modified to express a surface glycoprotein of Zaire Ebola

title: Ebola vaccine
text: were recruited for trial EBL01 by University of Oxford, U.K. Initial results were released in November 2014; all 20 volunteers developed antibodies against Ebola and there were no significant concerns raised about safety. In December 2014, University of Oxford expanded the trial to include a booster vaccine based on MVA-BN, a strain of Modified vaccinia Ankara, developed by Bavarian Nordic, to investigate whether it can help increase immune responses further. The trial which has enrolled a total of 60 volunteers will see 30 volunteers vaccinated with the booster vaccine. As of April 2015, Phase 3 trial with a single dose

title: RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine
text: governments. In 2005, a single intramuscular injection of the EBOV or MARV vaccine was found to induce completely protective immune responses in nonhuman primates (crab-eating macaques) against corresponding infections with the otherwise typically lethal EBOV or MARV. In 2010, PHAC licensed the intellectual property on the vaccine to a small U.S. company called Bioprotection Systems, which was a subsidiary of NewLink Genetics; Newlink had funding from the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency to develop vaccines. In December 2013, the largest-ever Ebola epidemic started in West Africa, specifically, in Guinea. In September or October 2014, Newlink formed a steering committee among

title: Ebola vaccine
text: February 2015, Novavax had completed 2 primate studies on baboons and macaques and had initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial in Australia. The Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated siRNAs rapidly adapted to target the Makona outbreak strain of EBOV and are able to protect 100% of rhesus monkeys against lethal challenge when treatment was initiated at 3 days postexposure while animals were viremic and clinically ill. The top line Phase 1 human trial results showed that the adjuvanted Ebola GP Vaccine was highly immunogenic at all dose levels. On November 5, 2014, the "Houston Chronicle" reported that a research team at the

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic
text: stages of development, including DNA vaccines, virus-like particles and viral vectors. and another seven as yet unheard-of vaccines were being developed. Additionally, there were two phase III studies being conducted with two different vaccines. . In July 2015, researchers announced that a vaccine trial in Guinea had been completed that appeared to give protection from the virus. The vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV, had shown 100% efficacy in individuals, but more conclusive evidence was needed regarding its capacity to protect populations through "herd immunity" . The vaccine trial employed "ring vaccination", a technique that was also used in the 1970s to eradicate smallpox,

title: Ebola virus cases in the United States
text: Pham. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made it a priority to try the treatment, and has been telling affected countries how to do it. Many Ebola vaccine candidates had been developed in the decade before 2014, but none has yet been approved for clinical use in humans. Several promising vaccine candidates have been shown to protect nonhuman primates (usually macaques) against lethal infection, and some are now going through the clinical trial process. In late October 2014, Canada planned to ship 800 vials of an experimental vaccine to the WHO in Geneva, the drug having been licensed by NewLink

title: Ebola vaccine
text: 2 studies. The large scale Phase 3 studies have begun as of April 2015 in Liberia and Sierra Leone, and in Guinea in March 2016. In addition, a medical anthropologist at Université de Montréal, has been working in Guinea and raised further questions about safety in the ring trial after spending time in April at one of the Ebola treatment units where trial participants are taken if they become ill, the centre in Coyah, about 50 km from the capital of Conakry. The Russian Foreign Ministry announced in 2016 the intention to conduct field trials of two Russian vaccines involving

title: 2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak
text: to 1,000 people are expected to have been vaccinated by 26 May, according to WHO. It is the first time that vaccination has been attempted in the early stages of an Ebola outbreak. Health officials are exploring the idea of trialing experimental treatments, including the antiviral agents favipiravir and GS-5734, and the antibody ZMapp. All three agents were given to patients during the West African epidemic, but none has yet been proved to be effective. The DRC Ministry of Public Health has also requested that the US trial mAb114 treatment in the current outbreak. The mAb114 monoclonal antibody was developed

title: Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic
text: Alliance, has committed up to US$300 million to procure vaccines, which could be used to immunise at risk populations. Gavi will be ready to act as soon as a safe, effective vaccine is recommended for use by the World Health Organization. Up to an additional US$90 million could be used to support countries to introduce the vaccines and to rebuild and restore immunisation services for all vaccines in Ebola-affected countries. In December 2016, it was announced that an experimental Ebola vaccine produced by Merck was found to be “highly protective” against the virus after trial runs involving 11,000 people in

title: Ebola vaccine
text: an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institutes of Health. The new vaccine relies on a strain of Ebola called EBOVΔVP30, which is unable to replicate. A study published in "Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics" in March 2017, analyzing data from a clinical trial of the GamEvac-Combi vaccine in Russia, concluded said vaccine to be safe and effective and recommended proceeding to Phase III trials. In 2017, the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) announced approval of an Ebola vaccine, co-developed by the military-backed Bioengineering Institute of the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences and private drugmaker Tianjin

title: Leslie Lobel
text: dangerous side effects of the existing vaccine,” he says. He anticipates that they will also be useful for treating diseases like smallpox in the event of an outbreak, and would give protection immediately instead of weeks or the month required by typical vaccines. For this research, he travels to Uganda about four times a year, with the aid of U.S. and other foreign grants, where he studies a variety of infectious viruses. The research relies primarily on obtaining and analyzing blood samples from survivors of Ebola and other diseases. Currently, there are over a 100 Ugandan survivors of Ebola that

title: Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic
text: new focus on establishing and supervising community-based treatment in the area. The Wellcome Trust announced on 23 September a £3.2 million grant to fast-track trials of the most promising Ebola treatments. This will enable multiple partners around the world to quickly establish clinical trials at existing Ebola treatment centres in West Africa, where treatments can be formally evaluated in patients with Ebola virus disease. On 29 October, the Wellcome Trust announced that it is funding multiple vaccine trials in Europe, Gabon, Kenya, and the USA. This brings the Trust’s total funding of Ebola research to approximately £10m. Gavi, the Vaccine

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic
text: vaccine has not yet had regulatory approval, but it is considered to be so effective that 300,000 doses have already been stockpiled. Researchers have found the results "quite encouraging [but] there is still a lot more work to be done on vaccines for Ebola." Not yet known is the length of time that a vaccination will be effective and whether it will prove effective for the Sudan or other strains of the virus rather than only the Zaire strain, which is responsible for the West Africa outbreak. Eventually, in April 2018 rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine was used to stop an outbreak

title: Ebola vaccine
text: Ebola vaccine Ebola vaccine candidates against Ebola have been developed in the decade prior to 2014, but none have yet been approved for clinical use in humans. Several promising vaccine candidates have been shown to protect nonhuman primates (usually macaques) against lethal infection. These include replication-deficient adenovirus vectors, replication-competent vesicular stomatitis (VSV) and human parainfluenza (HPIV-3) vectors, and virus-like nanoparticle preparations. Conventional trials to study efficacy by exposure of humans to the pathogen after immunization are not ethical in this case. For such situations, the FDA has established the "Animal Efficacy Rule" allowing licensure to be approved on the basis