Claim: U.S. vaping-related deaths rise to 54, hospitalizations to 2,506.
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Electronic cigarette
text: increased by 1398.2% in the US. In December 2014 for instance, e-cigarette sales in the US were roughly equivalent to just 3.5% of traditional cigarette sales, but e-cigarettes represented 44% of all e-cigarette and traditional cigarette calls to US poison control centers. The accidental nicotine exposure rate in the US has since decreased by 18.9% between July 2016, when the Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act of 2015, a federal law requiring child-resistant packaging for e-liquid, came into effect, and April 2017. According to a regression discontinuity design study by Govindarajan et al. (2018), the 32 states without a preexisting law

title: Safety of electronic cigarettes
text: reported 3,067 exposures relating to e-cigarettes and liquid nicotine in 2015, and 3,783 in 2014. From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, there were at least 5,970 e-cigarette calls to US poison control centers. Calls to US poison control centers related to e-cigarettes increased between September 2010 to February 2014, and of the total number of cigarettes and e-cigarettes calls, e-cigarette calls increased from 0.3% to 41.7%. Calls to US poison controls centers related to e-cigarette liquid poisoning increased from 1 in September 2010 to 215 for the month of February 2014. E-cigarette calls was 401 for the month

title: Vape shop
text: as high as 200–400% may play a role in the prevalence of vape shops. In 2014, the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association estimated that there were 35,000 vape shops in the US, more than triple the number a year earlier. There are numerous vape shops in Canada. In 2015, there were about 8,000 vape shops in the UK. In December 2015, there were 2,400 vape shops in France, 400 fewer than in March of the same year. Industry organization Fivape said the reduction was due to consolidation, not to reduced demand. Effective from 8 August 2016, under the Food and Drug

title: Electronic cigarette
text: to a reported 20% from the years 2004 through 2009, dropped to 15.5% in 2016 and most recently 14% in 2017. Since the first National Health Interview Survey in 1965 smoking has declined 67%. As of 2017 the CDC reports 34 million adults are current smokers of combustible cigarettes. 47 million adults use some form of tobacco product. Large gatherings of vapers, called vape meets, take place around the US. They focus on e-cig devices, accessories, and the lifestyle that accompanies them. Vapefest, which started in 2010, is an annual show hosted by different cities. People attending these meetings are

title: Electronic cigarette
text: was 1.5% in 2011 and increased to 13.4% by 2014. The percentage of electronic-cigarette lifetime use in adults in 2010 was 3.3% and increased to 8.5% by 2013, and ongoing use in 2010 was 1% and increased to 2.6% by 2013. Results in 2018 show continued growth of electronic cigarettes with concern that for combustible cigarettes most addiction begins by age 18 (nearly 90%) with 95% starting smoking by age 21, while 1% of smokers start after age 25. Between 2011 and 2018 the number of youth who have tried vaping has increased from 1.5% to 20.8% of High School

title: Electronic cigarette
text: use JUUL. Vaping frequently takes place in bathroom stalls at school, and some students are able to vape in class undetected by teachers. There has been an increasing trend in vaping among adolescents. In 2011 the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) began surveying vaping use. Lifetime use among middle school aged students in 2011 was 1.4% and increased 3% by 2013. Ongoing use (use within 30 days) among middle school students in 2011 was 0.6% and increased to 3.9% by 2014. Among high school students, Lifetime use in 2011 was 4.7% and increased to 11.9% by 2013, and ongoing use

title: Tobacco in the United States
text: 37.8 million cases in the United State that smoking cigarettes. This leads to serious consequence, the number of Americans live with a smoking and disease smoking-related disease is huge which more than 16 million people. However, the number of people were smoking in 2016 has decreased to 15.5 % which is 5.4% different from 2005. This also reflects the increase of smokers who had quit. The proportion of male smokers is more than women. At every 100 adults, men nearly got 4 more cases than women. On February 4, 2009, the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 was

title: Kind Consumer
text: it is the other (approximately 4000) chemicals, including carcinogenic agents in the particulate phase, that lead to the well-established adverse health consequences of smoking. The World Health Organisation estimates that tobacco usage killed around 5.4 million people a year and by 2030 projections estimate this figure will rise to around 8.3 million deaths per year. It has been argued that long-term success rates of existing NRT in smoking cessation remain low, with a recent study showing that only 6.75% of smokers receiving NRT therapy attained sustained abstinence for six months, albeit twice the rate of placebo treatment. As an explanation

title: Nicotine poisoning
text: calls to US poison control centers were related to children 5 years old or less. E-cigarette calls had a greater chance to report an adverse effect and a greater chance to report a moderate or major adverse effect than traditional cigarette calls. Most of the e-cigarette calls were a minor effect. From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, there were at least 5,970 e-cigarette calls to US poison control centers. During the same period, the ten most frequent adverse effects to e-cigarettes and e-liquid reported to US poison control centers were vomiting (40.4%), eye irritation or pain (20.3%), nausea

title: Nicotine poisoning
text: vomiting. They also noted case reports of suicides by nicotine. Where adults drank liquid containing up to 1,500 mg of nicotine they recovered (helped by vomiting), but an ingestion apparently of about 10,000 mg was fatal, as was an injection. They commented that "Serious nicotine poisoning seems normally prevented by the fact that relatively low doses of nicotine cause nausea and vomiting, which stops users from further intake." Four adults died in the US and Europe, after intentionally ingesting liquid. Two children, one in the US in 2014 and another in Israel in 2013, died after ingesting liquid nicotine. The

title: Electronic cigarette
text: 6, who have a lower median lethal dose than adolescents or adults, and it is worst for 1-year-olds. Early signs of accidental nicotine exposure include quickened heart rate (tachycardia), sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, and vomiting, late effects include low blood pressure (hypotension) and reduced breathing (respiratory depression or hypoventilation), and rare effects include coma, seizure, sustained inability to breath (respiratory arrest), heart attack (cardiac arrest), and death. Two children in the US and four adults in the US and Europe have died from ingesting liquid nicotine. As the usage of e-cigarettes increased between 2012 and 2015, the accidental nicotine exposure rate

title: Substance use disorder
text: 72,000 deaths from drug overdose in the United States in 2017. This represents a 3-fold increase in mortality from overdose from 2002 to 2017. Overdose fatalities from synthetic opioids, which typically involve fentanyl, have risen sharply in the past several years to contribute to nearly 30,000 deaths per year. Death rates from synthetic opioids like fentanyl have increased 22-fold in the period from 2002 to 2017. Heroin and other natural and semi-synthetic opioids combined to contribute to roughly 31,000 overdose fatalities. Cocaine contributed to roughly 15,000 overdose deaths, while methamphetamine and benzodiazepines each contributed to roughly 11,000 deaths. Of note,

title: Safety of electronic cigarettes
text: pain (20.3%), nausea (16.8%), red eye or conjunctivitis (10.5%), dizziness (7.5%), tachycardia (7.1%), drowsiness (7.1%), agitation (6.3%), headache (4.8%), and cough (4.5%). In nine reported calls, exposed individuals stated the device leaked. In five reported calls, individuals used e-liquid for their eyes rather than use eye drops. In one reported call, an infant was given the e-liquid by an adult who thought it was the infant's medication. There were also reports of choking on e-cigarette components. From January 1, 2016 and April 30, 2016, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) reported 623 exposures related to e-cigarettes. The AAPCC

title: Electronic cigarette
text: 57% of the 3.5 billion dollar market in the US for vapor products in 2015. In 2014, the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association estimated that there were 35,000 vape shops in the US, more than triple the number a year earlier. However the 2015 slowdown in market growth affected VTMs as well. The dominance of tobacco companies over the US e-cigarette market has disappeared largely as a result of the rapid rise in popularity of the JUUL e-cigarette, which was introduced in June 2015. , JUUL accounts for over 72% of the US e-cigarette market monitored by Nielsen, and its closest

title: Arguments for and against drug prohibition
text: 2000, there were 15,852 drug-induced deaths; only slightly less than the 18,539 alcohol-induced deaths." The DEA's use of such figures is questionable however. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association gave the number deaths caused by alcohol in year 2000 as 85,000 – over four and a half times greater than the DEA's preferred figure. The DEA's argument also overlooks tobacco, causing 435,000 US deaths in year 2000. And, the CDC definition of "drug-induced death" includes suicides using drugs, accidental overdose, and deaths from medically prescribed (not illegal) drugs. An analysis of drug-induced deaths for the 20-year

title: Safety of electronic cigarettes
text: and a greater chance to report a moderate or major adverse effect than traditional cigarette calls. Most of the e-cigarette and traditional cigarette calls were a minor effect. Severe outcomes were more than 2.5 times more frequent in children exposed to e-cigarettes and nicotine e-liquid than with traditional cigarettes. E-cigarette sales were roughly equivalent to just 3.5% of traditional cigarette sales, but of the total number of e-cigarette and traditional cigarette calls to US poison control centers in December 2014, the reported e-cigarettes calls were 44%. From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, the most frequent adverse effects to

title: Tobacco smoking
text: million people a year will die of smoking-related illness, making it the single biggest cause of death worldwide, with the largest increase to be among women. WHO forecasts the 21st century's death rate from smoking to be ten times the 20th century's rate ("Washingtonian" magazine, December 2007). Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and a major public health concern. There are 1.1 billion tobacco users in the world. One person dies every six seconds from a tobacco related disease. Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart and lungs, with smoking being a major risk

title: Button cell
text: with Auckland in NZ getting about 20 cases per year requiring hospitalization. Small children are likely to swallow button cells, which are somewhat visually similar to sweets, often causing fatalities. In Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 2,700,000, has had two children between 12 months and six years old that have died and five suffered life-changing injuries in the 18 months leading up to October 2014. In the United States, on average over 3,000 pediatric button batteries ingestions are reported each year with a trend toward major and fatal outcomes increasing. Coin cells of diameter 20 mm or greater

title: Electronic cigarette
text: and Juuling is a large part of internet culture for young people and the subject of many memes on social media. In 2017, about 13 percent of 8th graders, 24 percent of 10th graders, and nearly 28 percent of 12th graders at American schools reported vaping in the past year, according to research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. Survey data suggests that teens use e-cigarettes substantially more than cigarettes and that teenagers tend to perceive as e-cigarettes as safer than cigarettes or harmless. Boys are more likely to use e-cigarettes than girls and are twice as likely to

title: Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
text: addition to marijuana and prescription drugs. The primary factor contributing to death was cited as MDPV toxicity after autopsy was performed. An incident of hemiplegia has been reported. A total of 107 non-fatal intoxications and 99 analytically confirmed deaths related to MDPV between September 2009 and August 2013 were reported by nine European countries. Physicians often treat MDPV overdose cases with anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines, to lessen the drug-induced activity in the brain and body. In some cases, general anesthesia was used because sedatives were ineffective. Treatment in the emergency department for severe hypertension, tachycardia, agitation, or seizures consists of