Claim: Researchers produce first widely protective vaccine against chlamydia
Verdict: REFUTES

Retrieved passages:
title: Chlamydia research
text: Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Hamilton, Montana, This facility is developing a vaccine to prevent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The vaccine being tested is a single-component vaccine that is designed to protect against all 15 chlamydia varieties. Studies have already shown that the vaccine can prevent laboratory cells from becoming infected. Another prevention strategy being pursued is the development of topical microbicides (preparations that can be inserted into the vagina to prevent infection) that are effective and easy for women to use. Studies continue to determine organism's genetic makeup. NIAID-supported scientists determined the complete genome (genetic blueprint) for C. trachomatis. This instition

title: Chlamydia research
text: continues its research into Chlamydia infection. The Institute has published over 140 studies related to Chlamydia. There are research projects in several areas, including: development of a human vaccine for chlamydial sexually transmitted disease understanding basic mechanisms of regulation, including the importance of chlamydial proteases. Chlamydia infections in wildlife are part of the research into Chlamydia particularly koalas genomics and gene regulation studies in Chlamydia A sample list of primary publications. Vaccine development continues in many independent areas and institutions. Vaccine research is ongoing in independent and institutional settings. A clinical study involves research using human volunteers (also called participants)

title: HIV/AIDS research
text: RV 144. In 2009, the researchers reported that this vaccine showed some efficacy in protecting recipients from HIV infection. Results of this trial give the first supporting evidence of any vaccine being effective in lowering the risk of contracting HIV. Another possible vaccine comes from a novel gene therapy that alters the CCR5 co-receptor permanently, preventing HIV from entering cells. Other vaccine trials continue worldwide. One of the most recent and most promising trials was conducted by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) who found a way to attach HIV-fighting antibodies to immune cells, creating a HIV-resistant cell population.

title: William A. Haseltine
text: are now called "lentivirus vectors for gene therapy". The laboratory also created hybrid viruses that carry some monkey and some HIV genes-the so-called SHIV viruses-so that new drugs and vaccines could be developed using primate models. Haseltine was one of the first to publicly voice skepticism that an anti-HIV vaccine would soon be developed. At the second international HIV/AIDS meeting held in Paris in 1986 he noted that during infection the human immune response is fully activated, antiviral antibody levels are high and cell mediated immunity is fully active, yet the infection proceeds. Therefore, known vaccine technologies which induce either

title: M. Neal Guentzel
text: . Murphey C, Murthy AK, Meier PA, Neal Guentzel M, Zhong G, Arulanandam BP. "The protective efficacy of chlamydial protease-like activity factor vaccination is dependent upon CD4+ T cells". Cell Immunol. 2006 Aug;242(2):110-7. Murthy AK, Cong Y, Murphey C, Guentzel MN, Forsthuber TG, Zhong G, Arulanandam BP. "Chlamydial protease-like activity factor induces protective immunity against genital chlamydial infection in transgenic mice that express the human HLA-DR4 allele". Infect Immun. 2006 Dec;74(12):6722-9. Cong Y, Jupelli M, Guentzel MN, Zhong G, Murthy AK, Arulanandam BP. "Intranasal immunization with chlamydial protease-like activity factor and CpG deoxynucleotides enhances protective immunity against genital Chlamydia muridarum

title: William A. Haseltine
text: adjuvent, Stimulon, to make the vaccine more potent. It was the first vaccine to protect mammals from a retrovirus infection. Cambridge BioScience also participated in the creation of the first anti-HIV protease drug, Nelfinavir. In 1987 Haseltine became an advisor to a venture capital company, Healthcare Ventures. Over the next several years together they founded several biotechnology companies each working in a different area of science and medicine. In the late 1980s Haseltine was asked by several Harvard colleagues to help create their own companies. Among these was ProScript Inc. ProScript discovered the drug Velcade, an inhibitor of the proteosome,

title: SAV001
text: SAV001 SAV001-H is the first preventive HIV vaccine using a killed or "dead version" of HIV-1 virus. The vaccine is developed by Dr. Chil-Yong Kang and his research team at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry in Canada. The result of the US FDA Phase I clinical trial completed in August 2013 showed no serious adverse effects in 33 participants. The SAV001-H vaccine is considered as the first genetically modified version of the killed whole HIV-1 vaccine. According to Dr. Kang, HIV-1 strain is genetically engineered such that first, “the gene responsible for pathogenicity, known as "nef"” is

title: Pharmaceutical industry
text: recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. Prior to the 20th century drugs

title: Oncovirus
text: vaccines designed to prevent cancer have been created. The hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine that has been established to prevent cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) by preventing infection with the causative virus. In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a human papilloma virus vaccine, called Gardasil. The vaccine protects against four HPV types, which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. In March 2007, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) officially recommended that females aged 11–12 receive the vaccine, and indicated that females as young

title: University of Western Ontario
text: HIV/AIDS vaccine. SAV001-H is the first and only preventative HIV vaccine based on a genetically modified killed whole HIV-1 virus. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Phase I clinical trial was completed in August 2013 and reported no serious adverse effects while boosting antibodies in the volunteers. The vaccine SAV001-H holds tremendous promise, having already proven to stimulate strong immune responses in preliminary toxicology tests. It is the only HIV vaccine under development in Canada, and one of only a few in the world. The two main student unions on administrative and policy issues is the University Students'

title: United States Military HIV Research Program
text: program's most notable contribution to HIV/AIDS medical research was the RV 144 vaccine study of over 16,000 volunteers in Thailand. In September 2009, the MHRP and the Thai Ministry of Health conducted the first successful HIV/AIDS vaccine trial to show effective prevention in humans, with a final prevention rate of 31%. Although the efficacy is modest, this trial is significant because it proved that it is possible to develop an HIV vaccine. The breakthrough led to increased interest in research on RV144 and the foundation of partnerships such as the Pox-Protein Public-Private Partnership (P5), a mosaic of public and private

title: Gonorrhea
text: After Pope Boniface completely secularized the practice of medicine, physicians were more willing to treat a sexually transmitted disease. A vaccine for gonorrhea has been developed that is effective in mice. It will not be available for human use until further studies have demonstrated that it is both safe and effective in the human population. Development of a vaccine has been complicated by the ongoing evolution of resistant strains and antigenic variation (the ability of "N. gonorrhoeae" to disguise itself with different surface markers to evade the immune system). As N. gonorrhoeae is closely related to N. meningitidis and they

title: Healthcare and the LGBT community
text: of sexually transmitted infection with hepatitis, and immunization for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B is recommended for all men who have sex with men. Safer sex is currently the only means of prevention for the Hepatitis C. The first name proposed for what is now known as AIDS was "gay-related immune deficiency", or "GRID". This name was proposed in 1982, after public health scientists noticed clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and "Pneumocystis" pneumonia among gay males in California and New York City. Men who have sex with men are more likely to acquire HIV in the modern West, Japan, India, and

title: Jian Zhou
text: molecular biology to synthesize particles in vitro that could mimic the virus. In March 1991 Zhou's wife and fellow researcher, Xiao-Yi Sun, assembled by Zhou's instructions two proteins into a virus-like particle (VLP), resembling the HPV shell, from which HPV vaccine would ultimately be made. The vaccine completely protects unexposed women against four HPV strains responsible for 70% of cervical cancers, which kill about 250,000 women annually. Frazer and Zhou filed a provisional patent in June 1991 and began work on developing the vaccine within UQ. To finance clinical trials, Australian medical company CSL, and later Merck, were sold partial

title: Merck & Co.
text: or life-threatening condition when preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement over existing therapies . . ." Medically important vaccines developed at Merck include the first mumps vaccine, the first rubella vaccine, and the first trivalent measles, mumps, rubella (MMR vaccine), each of which was developed by Merck scientist Maurice Hilleman. The incidence of rubella-associated birth defects fell from up to 10,000 per year in the U.S. to zero in the aftermath of the rubella vaccine's development. Hilleman also developed the first Hepatitis B vaccine and the first varicella vaccine, for chickenpox. The thiazide diuretics were

title: VaxGen
text: vaccine. Specifically, NIAID and Vaxgen worked together on research projects related to the body's immune response to the vaccine. As of 1998, according to NIAID, "The three-year study [of AIDSVAX] is the first large-scale trial of an HIV preventive vaccine and will involve 5,000 volunteers at about 40 clinical sites in North America." However, in 2003 it was announced that the preliminary trials of the vaccine, conducted in Thailand and North America had been unsuccessful.. The company's analysis of its results, which resulted in some potentially positive outcomes among patient subgroups, was criticized by statisticians as inappropriate. Vaxgen had focused

title: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
text: Cancer Center conducted a registration trial using the drug manufactured by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group. Dr. Anna Giuliano, director of Moffitt's Center for Infection Research in Cancer, led two studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men. Her work strengthened the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation for boys and men to receive HPV vaccinations and provided useful data for the development of realistic cost-effectiveness models for male HPV vaccination internationally. In September 2014, a new cancer immunotherapy for melanoma patients called Keytruda became the first anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy approved in the United States. Jeffrey

title: Stephen Straus
text: to their sexual partners. With Lawrence Corey and David M. Knipe, Straus developed prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against HSV, including a glycoprotein subunit vaccine. With William Ruyechan and John Hay, Straus cloned VZV and mapped its genome. They showed that chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster) are both caused by this virus. Straus also studied the persistent pain that can occur after shingles has cleared up. He worked with Mike Oxman and Myron Levin on the Shingles Prevention Study, a large clinical trial which demonstrated that a live-attenuated VZV vaccine is effective against shingles. Straus discovered that infection with EBV

title: SAV001
text: and abstracts in fields of virology and molecular biology. The study is sponsored by Sumagen, a subsidiary of Curocom (a KOSDAQ listed company in Korea, stock ticker no: 040350) and has been supported by the government of Canada as well as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The patents related to the SAV001 vaccine were registered in more than 70 countries, including the U.S., the European Union, China, India, and South Korea. SAV001 SAV001-H is the first preventive HIV vaccine using a killed or "dead version" of HIV-1 virus. The vaccine is developed by Dr. Chil-Yong Kang and his research

title: Gardasil
text: HPV-6, -11, -16 and -18 in half in American teenagers (from 11.5% to 4.3%) and by one third in American women in their early twenties (from 18.5% to 12.1%). Research findings that pioneered the development of the vaccine began in 1991 by investigators Jian Zhou and Ian Frazer in The University of Queensland, Australia. Researchers at UQ found a way to form non-infectious virus-like particles (VLP), which could also strongly activate the immune system. Subsequently, the final form of the vaccine was developed in parallel, by researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center, the University of Rochester, the University of Queensland