Claim: New Portable Scanner for Breast Cancer
Verdict: REFUTES

Retrieved passages:
title: Breast cancer screening
text: rate of false positives and lead to invasive procedures that are unlikely to benefit the patient. Molecular breast imaging is a nuclear medicine technique that is currently under study. It shows promising results for imaging people with dense breast tissue and may have accuracies comparable to MRI. It may be better than mammography in some people with dense breast tissue, detecting two to three times more cancers in this population. It however carries a greater risk of radiation damage making it inappropriate for general breast cancer screening. It is possible to reduce the dose of radiation used. An earlier alternative

title: Portable ultrasound
text: Portable ultrasound Portable ultrasound is a modality of medical ultrasonography that utilizes small and light devices, compared to the console style ultrasound machines that preceded them. In most cases these mobile ultrasound systems could be carried by hand and in some cases even operated for a time on battery power alone. The first portable ultrasound machines arrived in the early 1980s but battery powered systems that could be easily carried did not arrive until the late 1990s. The ADR 2130, designed by Marty Wilcox was the first portable ultrasound unit commercially available in the United States, being released in 1975.

title: Portable ultrasound
text: Centers and Humanitarian Relief Operations. Recently GE has come out with the VScan and Vscan dual probe, which offer almost a micro-ultrasound. Importantly, its price point is such that they can be issued to individual physicians. In November 2015, Philips launched a new era of portable ultrasound when it came out with the Lumify portable ultrasound machine, a first-of-its-kind portable ultrasound system that offers highly advanced transducers that connect via USB cable to off-the-shelf compatible Android devices. Ultrasound exams are performed on the free Lumify app, available at the Google Play Store, which offers features that most point-of-care ultrasound users

title: History of computed tomography
text: can also be mounted inside large tractor trailers and driven from site to site and are known as "Mobile CT Scanners". "Portable CT Scanners" are lightweight, small, and mounted on wheels. These scanners often have built-in lead shielding and run from batteries or standard wall power. In 2008 Siemens introduced a new generation of scanner that was able to take an image in less than 1 second, fast enough to produce clear images of beating hearts and coronary arteries. CT replaced the more invasive pneumoencephalography for imaging of the brain, as well as most applications of focal plane tomography. Before

title: Breast cancer screening
text: shown to detect cancers not visible on mammograms. The chief strength of breast MRI is its very high negative predictive value. A negative MRI can rule out the presence of cancer to a high degree of certainty, making it an excellent tool for screening in patients at high genetic risk or radiographically dense breasts, and for pre-treatment staging where the extent of disease is difficult to determine on mammography and ultrasound. MRI can diagnose benign proliferative change, fibroadenomas, and other common benign findings at a glance, often eliminating the need for costly and unnecessary biopsies or surgical procedures. The spatial

title: Breast cancer screening
text: detected with conventional mammography, as a result, MRI screening for breast cancer is most affective as a combination with other tests and for certain breast cancer patients. In contrast, the use of MRIs are often limiting to patients with any body metal integration such as patients with tattoos, pacemakers, tissue expanders, and so on. Proposed indications for using MRI for screening include: In addition, breast MRI may be helpful for screening in women who have had breast augmentation procedures involving intramammary injections of various foreign substances that may mask the appearances of breast cancer on mammography and/or ultrasound. These substances

title: Breast MRI
text: Breast MRI One alternative to mammography, Breast MRI or contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has shown substantial progress in the detection of breast cancer. The available literature suggests that the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced breast MRI in detection of cancer is considerably higher than that of either radiographic mammography or ultrasound and is generally reported to be in excess of 94%. The "specificity" (the confidence that a lesion is cancerous and not a false positive) is only fair ('modest'), (or 37%-97%) thus a "positive" finding by MRI should not be interpreted as a definitive diagnosis. The reports of 4,271 breast

title: Reuben Foundation
text: new cancer Imaging Centre at the Royal Marsden Hospital in Chelsea. The new Reuben Foundation Imaging Centre opened to patients in 2014 and was officially opened in May 2015 by Simon Stevens, Chief Executive of NHS England. The centre now provides a specialist medical unit designed for the fast, thorough and accurate diagnosis of suspected cancers and other conditions, with new and increased numbers of state-of-the-art scanning machinery. It is one of the most advanced units of its kind in the UK. In March 2005 the Reuben Foundation opened a Comprehensive Breast Health Centre in the presence of the wife

title: Cultural differences in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
text: the first ACUSON S2000TM ABVS (Automated Breast Volume Scanner) in Africa. These are complemented by a 1.5-tesla MAGNETOM Symphony magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Mammography can detect small, early-stage tumors that cannot be felt by touch. In particular, it detects micro-calcifications that may indicate tissue changes and a preliminary form of cancer. While mammography is still the standard diagnostic tool for detecting breast cancer in its early stages, the radiographers at Capital Radiology also use ultrasound, which is especially helpful in assessing dense breast tissue. If a mammography or ultrasound exam shows a suspected cancer, biopsies are carried out under

title: BRCA mutation
text: deleterious "BRCA" mutations in order to detect new cancers as early as possible. A typical recommendation includes frequent breast cancer screening as well as tests to detect ovarian cancer. Breast imaging studies usually include a breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) once a year, beginning between ages 20 and 30, depending on the age at which any relatives were diagnosed with breast cancer. Mammograms are typically used only at advanced age as there is reason to believe that "BRCA" carriers are more susceptible to breast cancer induction by X-ray damage than general population. Alternatives include breast ultrasonography, CT scans, PET scans,

title: Mammography
text: ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While radiologists had hoped for more marked improvement, the effectiveness of digital mammography was found comparable to traditional x-ray methods in 2004, though there may be reduced radiation with the technique and it may lead to fewer retests. Specifically, it performs no better than film for post-menopausal women, who represent more than three-quarters of women with breast cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concluded that there was insufficient evidence to recommend for or against digital mammography. Digital mammography is a NASA spin-off, utilizing technology developed for the Hubble Space Telescope. As of 2007,

title: Breast biopsy
text: not enough tissue is taken. VABB can be guided by stereotactic (most popular), ultrasound, and MRI, and can yield as much as 2g of tissue sample. The vacuum assisted biopsy category also includes automated rotational core devices. Recent innovations in tissue acquisition for the human breast have led to the development of unique direct frontal systems. Efficacy is considered optimal if the diagnosis by transcutaneous biopsy is identical to the surgical specimen in case of malignancy or in line with clinical follow-up when benign. The direct and frontal biopsy systems can even be considered relatively painless. The quality of the

title: Philip F. Cohen
text: $1.5 million for the purchase of two GE Optima SPECT-CT scanners and a GE bone densitometer. In the course of the campaign, Cohen matched funds, dollar-for-dollar, with 1700 community donors. The new technology will be used for more detailed 3D localization of disease, as well as research collaborations with the Medical Imaging Research Group (MIRG) at the University of British Columbia. The primary goal: to develop precise radiation doses in clinical trials conducted in Vancouver toward the creation of new forms of cancer radiotherapy. In 2015, in honor of Cohen’s various contributions to Lions Gate Hospital, the Nuclear Medicine Department

title: Electrical impedance tomography
text: and malignant breast tissues, setting the stage for cancer detection through determination of electrical properties. An early commercial development of non-tomographic electrical impedance imaging was the T-Scan device which was reported to improve sensitivity and specificity when used as an adjunct to screening mammography. A report to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) describes a study involving 504 subjects where the sensitivity of mammography was 82%, 62% for the T-Scan alone, and 88% for the two combined. The specificity was 39% for mammography, 47% for the T-Scan alone, and 51% for the two combined. Several research groups across

title: Portable ultrasound
text: practice. Currently portable ultrasound machines are used in Cardiac, Vascular, Radiology, Endocrinology, Pediatric and OB/GYN applications. In addition, EMS personnel from several countries including Germany, Italy, France, and the United States have used portable ultrasound evaluations in the field. Portable ultrasound Portable ultrasound is a modality of medical ultrasonography that utilizes small and light devices, compared to the console style ultrasound machines that preceded them. In most cases these mobile ultrasound systems could be carried by hand and in some cases even operated for a time on battery power alone. The first portable ultrasound machines arrived in the early 1980s

title: Breast cancer screening
text: and temporal resolution of breast MRI has increased markedly in recent years, making it possible to detect or rule out the presence of small "in situ" cancers, including ductal carcinoma in situ. Despite the aids provided from MRIs, there are some disadvantages. For example, although it is 27–36% more sensitive, it has been claimed to be less specific than mammography. As a result, MRI studies may have up to 30% more false positives, which may have undesirable financial and psychological costs on the patient. Also, MRI procedures are expensive and include an intravenous injection of a gadolinium contrast, which has

title: Positron emission mammography
text: other modalities. Compared to breast MRI, PEM offers higher specificity. Specific indications can include "high-risk patients with masses > 2 cm or aggressive malignancy and serum tumor marker elevation". F-FDG is the most common radiopharmaceutical used for PEM. PEM uses a specialised scanning system. Though some systems resemble a small PET scanner with a ring of detectors, others consist of a pair of gamma radiation detectors placed above and below the breast. On these systems, mild breast compression is applied to spread the breast and reduce its thickness. The detection process is identical to standard PET scanners. Positrons emitted by

title: Willi A. Kalender
text: and the optimization of the choice of x-ray spectra [8]. They allow reducing the patient dose by an order of magnitude in many cases without impairing image quality. An overview of all measures he introduced is given in [9]. Presently, Willi Kalender’s research focusses on the development of an efficient breast-CT system to improve the early detection of breast cancer [10]. The scanner and in particular the development of its high-resolution photon-counting detector design allow scanning the breast with a dose similar to that of digital mammography, but with much higher resolution and clarity than mammography due to superposition-free fully

title: Breast imaging
text: should not be performed when the nipple discharge contains pus. Breast MRI, an alternative to mammography, has shown substantial progress in the detection of breast cancer. The available literature suggests that the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced breast MRI in detection of cancer is considerably higher than that of either radiographic mammography or ultrasound and is generally reported to be in excess of 94%. The "specificity" (the confidence that a lesion is cancerous and not a false positive) is only fair ('modest'), (or 37%-97%) thus a "positive" finding by MRI should not be interpreted as a definitive diagnosis. The reports of 4,271

title: Centre for Magnetic Resonance Investigations
text: Manton, D; "et al." Differentiation of benign from malignant breast disease associated with screening detected microcalcifications using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. BREAST, 15 (1): 29–38 February 2006 7. Pickles, MD; Gibbs, P; Sreenivas, M; "et al." Diffusion-weighted imaging of normal and malignant prostate tissue at 3.0 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 23 (2): 130-134 February 2006 8. Gibbs, P; Pickles, MD; Turnbull, LW Diffusion imaging of the prostate at 3.0 tesla. INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY, 41 (2): 185-188 February 2006 9. Manton, DJ; Chaturvedi, A; Hubbard, A; "et al." Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: early response prediction with quantitative