Claim: Taiwan's carrot-and-stick approach to virus fight wins praise, but strains showing.
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: or eliminate the viral infection have not been developed. The only method available is the prevention of the virus by removal of the infected carrots which express some symptoms (yellow leaves, for example), in order to avoid the contamination of healthy carrots in the patch. Moreover, another prevention method corresponds to the use of inseticides, such as imidacloprid ('Confidor') and a mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and pirimicarb ('Okapi'), which have been effective to control the vector of the virus and, consequently, to prevent the infection of the carrots. CYLV is transmitted by aphids, also known as plant lice. The family of

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: also essential for viral movement because tail formation is only possible when Hsp70h is present. Cell movement is a process with three different stages: Egress to neighbour cells and to cell matrix happens in a similar manner. Carrot yellow-leaf virus The carrot yellow-leaf virus (CYLV) infects carrots, particularly the carrot root cells. There are viruses that are similar to CYLV which affect hogweed and beet roots as well. There have been sporadic plagues of CYLV occurring in many countries across the world, most notably the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Aphids are the main form of transmission. These insects spread

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: other carrots in the patch. Using pesticides to kill aphids or nets to trap them will also limit the spread of the virus to other patches. For classifying the Carrot yellow-leaf virus, the Baltimore system and the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses system classifies this virus as closteroviridae, or a closterovirus. The +ssRNA genome is 15.5 to 19.3 kb, contains a 3’ terminus, and does not have a poly(A) tract. The 5’ terminus commonly has a methylated nucleotide cap. The virus genome is 1250-2200 nm in length and 10-13 nm in diameter. In order to replicate, the carrot yellow

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: virus particle was found to be 1.6006 X 10 nm long with a 3.7-nm helical pitch. These are characteristics from the genus "Closterovirus". There was a suspected case found in the Netherlands that was originally going to be studied because it seemed similar to CYLV, but it ended up having a different host range. There was an attempt to inoculate another carrot with the sap of an infected carrot, but this was unsuccessful; the carrot did not become immune. Attempts to grow a virus in a carrot by mechanically injecting the virus into the carrot rather than naturally infecting it

title: Alice S. Huang
text: interfering particles (DIPs) which can be utilized to combat viruses. DIPs are composed of viral structural proteins and sets of DNA or RNA which are incomplete. These DIPs will interfere in replication of the virus because they are reproduced at the expense of a standard viral particle. Alice Huang's work on DIPs has been utilized to combat cancer, HIV, and plant related diseases. Alice S. Huang’s passion for viruses drove her to her success in the discovery of viruses features and learning how to manipulate their development. She started studying about viruses as a graduate student, when little was known

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: This can potentially be used for diagnosis of CYLV. There is still a need to modify Koch’s postulates to establish a cause and effect relationship between CYLV and root necrosis. This requires future experimentation using an agricultural environment to accurately mediate the transmission of the virus. A harvested virus cannot simply be placed into a healthy host and have the expected symptoms without the natural environment. Right now, CYLV is being prevented more than treated since there are no viable treatment methods yet. One method of prevention is to remove carrots with yellowing leaves so that they do not infect

title: 2009 flu pandemic in Taiwan
text: (H1N1) had become the dominant community strain since the 30th week of 2009, and accounts for more than 90% of all influenza strains isolated. First Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain was discovered in October, 2009. Since June 1, 2009, more than 800 isolates were tested for oseltamivir resistance and 8 were found to be resistant. All resistant strains developed after oseltamivir treatment and there are no evidence of continuous transmission of these strains. Taiwan CDC's database links with that of more than 300 hospitals all over the country. The number of patients diagnosed of influenza among all patients

title: Jiang Yi-huah
text: South Korea to the Taiwanese business people and general assistance. The Financial Supervisory Commission will carry out measures to maintain the stability of Taiwan's capital market. The Ministry of National Defense will also be standby to provide any assistance. After Taiwan's first confirmed H7N9 flu case on 24 April, the first outside Mainland China, Jiang gathered officials from Department of Health, Ministry of Transportation and Communications and Council of Agriculture to discuss responsive measures to this outbreak. He said that the government would bring forward the ban on slaughtering fowls in traditional markets to mid of June by asking the

title: 2009 flu pandemic in Asia
text: confirmed in Taiwan. The government had previously taken several steps to prevent the possible outbreak of Swine Flu, including a command center set up, travel alerts for infected nations, and more severe health check been conducted at international ports. Taiwan said visitors who came back from affected areas with fever would be quarantined. According to The Department of Health (DOH), Taiwan has a sufficient supply of surgical masks and vaccine to deal with the flu. The DOH also stated that they have 50 million to 60 million masks in stock and local manufacturers have the capability of producing 200,000 doses

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: viruses have developed proteins called Silencing Suppressors in response to RNAi. The mechanism is unknown, but mutation in those proteins allow the plant to recover from the viral infection and prevents systemic infections. The virus cell specificity depends more on the vector than on the virus itself. There are some hypotheses afirming that CYLF evolved to infect phloem cells because they are the most common feeding site for the vectors. During feeding, aphids transmit the virus into phloem cells. However, in order to spread the infection, viruses need to move from one cell to another. Using Citrus tristeza virus as

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: Carrot yellow-leaf virus The carrot yellow-leaf virus (CYLV) infects carrots, particularly the carrot root cells. There are viruses that are similar to CYLV which affect hogweed and beet roots as well. There have been sporadic plagues of CYLV occurring in many countries across the world, most notably the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Aphids are the main form of transmission. These insects spread the virus from one carrot patch to another. Once the virus infects the carrot, necrosis starts in the roots. The carrot yellow-leaf virus was first isolated in Japanese carrots that had yellowing leaves. Using electron microscopy, the

title: Michael M. C. Lai
text: unmanned aerial vehicle flight across the Taiwan Strait. Lai was supportive of government proposals to permit Chinese students to study at Taiwanese universities and backed efforts to retain top academics. In 2010, NCKU established an English-language medical program. Later that year, The Small Medicine and Advanced Research Translation team at Institute of Oral Medicine, affiliated with NCKU announced new developments in gene manipulation techniques using Artificial Targeting Light Activated Nano Scissors. After yielding the NCKU presidency to Hwung Hwung-hweng in 2011, Lai was named distinguished professor in 2013. Lai researched the H7N9 virus soon after cases were reported in China

title: 2009 flu pandemic in Taiwan
text: had been on a group tour in Thailand. More cases were found in these tour groups in the next few days. Thailand confirmed that the virus was found in a discothèque. On 17 June 2009, it was known that a female diplomat working in Taiwan's Diplomatic Quarter had contracted the virus. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was widely critiqued for trying to keep the outbreak hidden. Taiwan CDC has multiple surveillance systems ( disease surveillance )to monitor the epidemic. Influenza A (H1N1) was removed from list of Category I Notifiable Disease and was included in the list of Category IV

title: Chilli leaf curl virus
text: Comparison of the sequence of ChiLCV with previously characterized begomoviruses shows it likely recombined with "Papaya leaf curl virus" and resulted in the new virus, PepLCV. Currently, the most wide-spread treatments used to control the spread of ChiLCV are a wide range of insecticides. Rouging infected plants and destroying infected fields is also used when necessary. The usage of large quantities of insecticides to control vector populations is not ideal, and other cultural methods to control vector populations are of increasing importance to a complete integrated pest management strategy. Other strategies include producing resistant varieties through a transgenic, RNAi-mediated approach.

title: Foot-and-mouth disease
text: vaccine under veterinary supervision. Taiwan had previously been the major exporter of pork to Japan, and among the top 15 pork producers in the world in 1996. During the outbreak, over 3.8 million swine were destroyed at a cost of US$6.9 billion. The Taiwanese pig industry was devastated as a result, and the export market was in ruins. In 2007, Taiwan was considered free of FMD, but was still conducting a vaccination program, which restricts the export of meat from Taiwan. The epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom in the spring and summer of 2001 was caused by

title: Carrot yellow-leaf virus
text: being a single-stranded plant virus genome, is covered in major capsid proteins, while the tail of virus is coated in minor capsid proteins. This virus is non-enveloped, being a member of the closteroviridae virus family. Carrot yellow-leaf virus is a variant of beet yellow virus. Both pose similar symptoms and genome structure as well as similar virion proteins. The leaves of carrots infected with the CYLV virus become yellowish and the internal root core displays necrosis, which can extend from crown to tip. Some carrots can present necrosis just on the surface. The infection affects mainly the vascular tissue in

title: Foot-and-mouth disease
text: from Argentina and Chile. The virus spread and, in total, 442,000 animals were slaughtered and the outbreak had an estimated cost of £370 million. Taiwan had previous epidemics of FMD in 1913–14 and 1924–29, but had since been spared, and considered itself free of FMD as late as in the 1990s. On the 19th of March 1997, a sow at a farm in Hsinchu Prefecture, Taiwan, was diagnosed with a strain of FMD which only infects swine. Mortality was high, nearing 100% in the infected herd. The cause of the epidemic was not determined, but the farm was near a

title: Fujian flu
text: October 2006, China and WHO traded accusations over the Fujian-like strain. Chinese authorities rejected the Fujian-like strain interpretation altogether saying "Gene sequence analysis shows that all the variants of the virus found in southern China share high uniformity, meaning they all belong to the same gene type. No distinctive change was found in their biological characteristics." While a World Health Organization official in China renewed previous complaints that the Chinese have been stingy with information about H5N1 in poultry saying "There's a stark contrast between what we're hearing from the researchers and what the Ministry of Agriculture says. Unless the

title: Cacao swollen-shoot virus
text: that prevent the spread of CSSV. Farmers are also occasionally resistant to the idea of killing infected plants if they feel they can still get some harvest from them. In both cases, education through extension practices has been suggested as a means of convincing farmers to participate in these control measures, as well as more rigid implementation of these recommendations. If only a single seedling is infected in a new plantation, it may seem insignificant at first. However, once the canopy starts to grow together with interlocking branches, mealy bug movement is facilitated and the virus can quickly spread to

title: Chang Chia-juch
text: on the current technology and availability of the charging stations around Taiwan. In end of April 2013 during the H7N9 flu virus outbreak, citing from the research result from Taiwan Institute of Economic Research, Chang warned that if this outbreak continues for three months, Taiwan's GDP forecast will drop by 0.004%. The flu will also hit Taiwan's consumption, production and export-related sectors if the outbreak gets worse. To mitigate this situation, Chang said that the MOEA has prepared a special task force to monitor the ongoing situation, and they will aim to be well-prepared to prevent the disease from spreading