Claim: There’s not one public study, and by public study I mean a study available to the public, that has looked at using the product Kaput to poison feral hogs.
Verdict: SUPPORTS

Retrieved passages:
title: Sid Miller (politician)
text: whether he received the injection during the February 2015 trip." Miller later reimbursed the state $1,500. After an investigation, the Texas Department of Public Safety declined to pursue any charges against Miller. In 2017, Miller approved the statewide use of "Kaput Feral Hog Lure" —a bait containing the poison warfarin—in order to kill feral hogs, which have increased in population in Texas and other states. Miller said that the use of the substance would be a "major new weapon" against destructive feral hogs, stating: "I am pleased to announce that the ‘feral hog apocalypse’ may be within Texans' reach." The

title: Feral pig
text: population per year is required to keep the Texas feral pig populations stable. Best management practices suggest the use of corral traps which have the ability to capture the entire sounder of feral pigs. The federal government spends $20 million on feral pig management. In February 2017, Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller approved the use of a pesticide called Kaput Feral Hog Lure, which is bait food laced with warfarin (a rodenticide used to kill rodents). An estimated 2.5 million feral hogs are in Texas, and they cause about $50 million in agriculture damage per year. Domestic pigs were first

title: Lynn Stucky
text: to refer the issue of feral hog proliferation to a university study to determine what impact that poisoning these animals, as proposed by Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller, would have on the land, agriculture, and hunters. Stucky and Watson want the research conducted before Miller can proceed with his proposal to exterminate the hogs, which have caused millions of dollars in damage to area landowners. In the general election held on November 6, 2018, Stucky won his second term with 36,195 votes (52.8 percent) to Democratic nominee Andrew Morris' 30,465 (44.5 percent). Libertarian Party nominee Nick Dietrich held the remaining

title: Sid Miller (politician)
text: approval prompted criticism from members of the hunting community and others who opposed the introduction of a poison into the environment. The hogs number perhaps two million and cause more than $50 million in annual damage. A judge in Austin halted Miller's proposal after Wild Boar Meats, a North Texas hog processor, sued on grounds that the poison may have unintended consequences. The "San Antonio Express-News" editorially opposes the use of the poison. The newspaper maintains that the chemical could impact the food chain and taint hog meat used for pets and poison other wild animals as well, such as

title: Sodium fluoroacetate
text: were intentionally killed in one of the largest coordinated 1080 poisonings seen in Tasmania. In 2016 PAPP (para-amino propiophenone) became available for use, which the RSPCA has endorsed as a more humane alternative to 1080 due in part to its ability to kill faster, as well as having an antidote, which 1080 does not. Worldwide, New Zealand is the largest user of sodium fluoroacetate. This high usage is attributable to the fact that, apart from two species of bat, New Zealand has no native land mammals, and some of those that have been introduced have had devastating effects on vegetation

title: Dog behavior
text: studies could not find evidence of a single predation on cattle by feral dogs. However, domestic dogs were responsible for the death of 3 calves over one 5-year study. Other studies in Europe and North America indicate only limited success in the consumption of wild boar, deer and other ungulates, however it could not be determined if this was predation or scavenging on carcasses. Studies have observed feral dogs conducting brief, uncoordinated chases of small game with constant barking - a technique without success. In 2004, a study reviewed 5 other studies of feral dogs published between 1975 and 1995

title: 4'-Aminopropiophenone
text: early 1980s yet was not developed into a practical technology. From the 1990s scientists based at the then Victorian Institute of Animal Science (Australia) were the first to demonstrate that PAPP could be formulated as a rapid acting and humane means of feral cat and exotic red fox control. Improved animal welfare outcomes and the existence of an antidote to treat accidental poisoning was an attractive feature of the agent given that the humaneness of the most commonly used poison (sodium fluoroacetate or '1080') is equivocal and no antidote exists for treating accidental 1080 poisoning. Due to the short duration

title: 1080 usage in New Zealand
text: the New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority approved the import and manufacture of microencapsulated zinc phosphide (MZP paste) as an alternative to 1080 for the ground control of possums. The application was made by Pest Tech Limited, with support from Connovation Ltd, Lincoln University, and the Animal Health Board. It will be used as an additional vertebrate poison in certain situations. Unlike 1080, it cannot be used for aerial application. Sodium nitrite is a naturally occurring substance commonly used as a meat preservative, but toxic at higher doses. It kills in a similar way as PAPP, by reducing the ability of

title: Mary Amdur
text: spraying a combination mist of sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide into humid chambers containing guinea pigs to investigate the damage that it would cause to their lungs. Guinea pigs were used as they breathe more deeply through their mouths than smaller rodents which breathe through their noses. The Amdurs bought their own guinea pigs for the mini project, and spent a holiday weekend doing the investigation. Amdur presented the results of the experiment, that inhaling the combination mist led to dramatic effects on breathing, loss of weight and lung disease, to the American Association for the Advancement of Science at

title: Sid Miller (politician)
text: deer, who are not a target for extinction. Meanwhile, state Senator Kirk Watson of Austin and state Representative Lynn Stucky of Denton County, a veterinarian, filed legislation to refer the feral hog matter to a university study to determine the impact the poison would have on the land, agriculture, and hunters before the Miller plan could take effect. In 2018, Miller wrote a letter in support a proposed Sons of Confederate Veterans Texas license plate that would glorify the Confederacy, and offered to sponsor the license plate. The group's proposal is a long-running controversy in Texas. In the 2016 presidential

title: 1080 usage in New Zealand
text: from the bones of the poisoned animal into its bloodstream, leading to organ failure. Cholecalciferol will reduce populations of possums and rats, but not stoats, since it does not bioaccumulate in animals. It breaks down readily in the environment and the risk of by-kill is considered to be low. Cholecalciferol is more expensive to produce than 1080. Some promising results have been obtained by combining cholecalciferol with other substances, such as aspirin, to make it more cost-effective and faster acting. Cholecalciferol is very inhumane. Para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) was developed to control stoats, weasels, and feral cats, and registered for use in

title: 1080 usage in New Zealand
text: Zealand media with a kiwi he claimed had been poisoned. An investigation revealed that Anderton lied to journalists and the public. He had used a kiwi that had been caught in a possum trap. In 2015, the New Zealand Police revealed that anonymous blackmail threats were sent to Fonterra and Federated Farmers saying that infant formula in supermarkets would be poisoned unless the use of 1080 was halted by the end of the month. Fonterra responded by working with the Ministry for Primary Industries to develop two high-throughput, validated test methods and then testing every tanker of milk and every

title: Coypu
text: common herbivores in Louisiana marshes, they are not the only ones. Feral hogs, also known as wild boars ("Sus scrofa"), swamp rabbits ("Sylvilagus aquaticus"), and muskrats ("Ondatra zibethicus") are less common, but feral hogs are increasing in number in Louisiana wetlands. On plots open to nutria herbivory, 40% less vegetation was found than in plots guarded against nutria by fences. This number may seem insignificant, and indeed herbivory alone is not a serious cause of land loss, but when herbivory was combined with an additional disturbance, such as fire, single vegetation removal, or double vegetation removal to simulate a tropical

title: 4'-Aminopropiophenone
text: Victoria, New Zealand researchers independently developed PAPP formulations and baiting techniques for introduced predators. Initial indications that PAPP was far more toxic to mammals than birds was an attractive feature of its use in New Zealand where it was formulated to control stoats, weasels, and feral cats and registered for use in New Zealand in 2011. PAPP is being further investigated in Australia for use on feral cats, red foxes and wild dogs. In New Zealand PAPP kills stoats at low bait concentrations that are not lethal to far more tolerant exotic possums and rats. In New Zealand it is

title: 2008 California Proposition 2
text: on the dirt floors." The California study notes that "feral cats, rodents, skunks, opossums, wild birds, and other wildlife" were seen near the free-range hens’ feeding areas, and that rodents "were considered to be the biological vectors and amplifiers" of salmonella on the egg farm in the study. A 2003 study from the "Journal of Applied Microbiology" and a study published in the journal "Applied and Environmental Microbiology" support the conclusion that wild animals are a significant and dangerous vector for salmonella. Supporters of Prop 2 note that furnished cages for egg-laying hens have already been developed in Europe, which

title: Sodium nitrite
text: Nitric oxide can be created "de novo" from nitric oxide synthase utilizing arginine or from ingested nitrate or nitrite. Because of sodium nitrite's high level of toxicity to swine ("Sus scrofa") it is now being developed in Australia to control feral pigs and wild boar. The sodium nitrite induces methemoglobinemia in swine, i.e. it reduces the amount of oxygen that is released from hemoglobin, so the animal will feel faint and pass out, and then die in a humane manner after first being rendered unconscious. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department operates a research facility at Kerr Wildlife Management Area,

title: Food defense
text: of salad bars with Salmonella with the intention of affecting the 1984 Wasco County elections. An example of one business attempting to force a change of government policy by threatening another business, was the 2014 extortion threat against New Zealand milk and infant formula. Jeremy Hamish Kerr, a businessman who produced a cyanide-based poison (Feratox) for killing possums in New Zealand, threatened dairy producer Fonterra and Federated Farmers that infant formula and other dairy products would be poisoned with 1080 (monofluoroacetate) if they did not persuade the New Zealand government to halt the use of 1080 which is widely used

title: 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs
text: reform or consumer protection is obstructed by the powerful connections that offending corporations have with the government. If the poison is such that it acts slowly and insidiously, perhaps over a long period of years (and several such will be considered in later chapters), then we poor consumers must be test animals all our lives; and when, in the end, the experiment kills us a year or ten years sooner than otherwise we would have died, no conclusions can be drawn and a hundred million others are available for further tests. The authors develop ideas such as synergy effects, and

title: 1969 Huckleby Mercury Poisoning
text: a mercuric fungicide. Unaware of the danger, Huckleby fed the mercury treated seed grain to a hog which he later slaughtered and fed to his wife, who was 3 months pregnant, and to his 7 children. Several of Huckleby’s hogs had appeared to be ill, and he believed that they were suffering from what farmers called the “blind staggers,” but the hog he fed to his family had appeared unaffected. Within 3 months the children had developed “ataxia, agitation, visual impairment, and impaired consciousness.” When born, baby Michael was severely neurologically impaired, blind, subject to convulsive seizures, and only minimally

title: Lymantria dispar multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus
text: results in immunosuppressed mice and immunocompetent mice. A study done on mice, shrews and two opossums showed no toxicity, no adverse effects or abnormalities, and the animals were sacrificed twelve days after last exposure. A study done on purebred beagles were found to have no toxicity after exposure for 90 days with doses of approximately 0.2, 1.6, and 17 mg/kg/day based on terminal body weights in each dose group. A study done on albino guinea pigs found no toxicity, mortality or irritation after dermal application of LdNPV. One study performed found a 'positive' reaction, but no conclusions were drawn as