Claim: Johns Hopkins Hospital issued a "cancer update" detailing how cancer spreads and recommending methods for treating the disease.
Verdict: REFUTES

Retrieved passages:
title: Denis Wirtz
text: Initiative, and David Peters’ Global Health Signature Initiative. Wirtz also directs the Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center (PSOC), also known as the Johns Hopkins Engineering in Oncology Center, which is part of a network of twelve centers in the United States funded by the National Institutes of Health’s National Cancer Institute to link the physical sciences with the study of cancer. When the center was established with a $14.8M grant in 2009, Wirtz stated, “"For too long, not enough room has been made for nonconventional and nonbiological concepts borrowed from modern physics and engineering to tackle this disease. It is

title: Alternative cancer treatments
text: of unconventional cancer treatments in the United States has been influenced by the U.S. federal government's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), initially known as the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM), which was established in 1992 as a National Institutes of Health (NIH) adjunct by the U.S. Congress. Over thirty American medical schools have offered general courses in alternative medicine, including the Georgetown, Columbia, and Harvard university systems, among others. People who choose alternative treatments tend to believe that evidence-based medicine is extremely invasive or ineffective, while still believing that their own health could be improved. They are

title: St. Francis Hospital (Columbus, Georgia)
text: The facilities include the medical office and digital imaging suites, an outpatient area for invasive pain management procedures, an outpatient rehabilitation facility, and an orthopaedic unit with private rooms for patient care. Breast cancer is typically treated by using a combination of local therapy as well as systemic therapy. The goal of local therapy is to destroy the cancer cells held in the breast as well as the related lymph nodes, which helps minimize the risk of recurrence. Systemic therapy involves destroying tumor cells that may have diluted into the circulation while at the same time it minimizes the risk

title: Treatment of cancer
text: model of cancer progression, tumors grow locally, then spread to the lymph nodes, then to the rest of the body. This has given rise to the popularity of local-only treatments such as surgery for small cancers. Even small localized tumors are increasingly recognized as possessing metastatic potential. Examples of surgical procedures for cancer include mastectomy for breast cancer, prostatectomy for prostate cancer, and lung cancer surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. The goal of the surgery can be either the removal of only the tumor, or the entire organ. A single cancer cell is invisible to the naked eye but

title: University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
text: pilot studies and Phase I, II and III clinical trials. In addition to basic and clinical cancer research, cancer center activities include teaching and a strong focus on aggressive treatment for cancer patients in the 40-bed inpatient unit, dedicated Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplantation unit, and outpatient facility, which opened in 2005. The center has multidisciplinary clinical programs for all major cancers (breast, brain, cutaneous, head and neck, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, hematologic malignancies, and thoracic cancer). The University of Maryland's cancer center began as the intramural program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the NIH. In 1965, the NCI created

title: Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center
text: Bone marrow transplants Mid-1970s — Imaging 1954 — Growth factors and cancer 1946 — Radiocarbon in cancer research 1941 — Cyclotron 1933 — Lung cancer surgery and the disease’s link to smoking Siteman and Washington University School of Medicine are actively engaged in many projects to prevent cancer in the St. Louis region and across the United States. These efforts include: In addition to treatment and research programs, Siteman is involved with community outreach, education and screening. Efforts include: In 2017, Siteman Cancer Center launched the Siteman Cancer Network, an affiliation with regional medical centers that is aimed at improving

title: Susan Halabi
text: that it spreads to can be used to predict the survival rate from the disease. Halabi earned her Ph.D. in biometry from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston in 1994, and joined the Duke faculty in 1996. She was named a fellow of the Society for Clinical Trials in 2014, "for her outstanding leadership in cancer clinical trials and prognostic development, ... educational activities, and for dedicated service on national review committees, DSMBs and scientific advisory committees and for the SCT". She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2015. Susan Halabi Susan

title: Anne Arundel Medical Center
text: which allows them to manipulate tiny instruments in spaces that are otherwise beyond their reach. Cancers are effectively treated by utilizing technologies such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), high dose radiation (HDR) and Novalis stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy. Noninvasive Novalis is especially useful for treating tumors in places too difficult to reach using conventional surgical methods. Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography (CT) physicians can search for the distinct metabolic signature of cancer cells, plot the exact location, shape and size of a tumor, and recommend the best treatment. The Patient and Family Services program streamlines

title: Harold E. Johns
text: treated for cervical cancer with a carefully calibrated dose of cobalt-60 radiation. In early 1952, "Maclean's" magazine had dubbed the cobalt-source radiotherapy machine the "cobalt bomb" - a tongue-in-cheek tribute to this peaceful use of nuclear technology. Johns's original treatment device was used in Saskatchewan until 1972. In 1956, Johns assumed the headship of the physics division of the Ontario Cancer Institute at Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto. To further scientific and medical collaborations between radiologists, radiotherapists, physicians, and physicists, Johns guided the creation of the Graduate Department in Medical Biophysics at the University of Toronto in 1958. Johns served

title: Neoadjuvant therapy
text: on undetected dissemination, resulting in improved longtime survival compared to the surgery-alone strategy. This systemic therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy) or radiation therapy is commonly used in cancers that are locally advanced, and clinicians plan an operation at a later stage. The use of such therapy can effectively reduce the difficulty and morbidity of more extensive procedures. The use of therapy can turn a tumor from untreatable to treatable by shrinking the volume. Often, it is unclear which surrounding structures are directly involved in the disease and which are just showing signs of inflammation. By administering therapy, a distinction

title: Breast cancer management
text: Breast cancer management Breast cancer management takes different approaches depending on physical and biological characteristics of the disease, as well as the age, over-all health and personal preferences of the patient. Treatment types can be classified into local therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) and systemic treatment (chemo-, endocrine, and targeted therapies). Local therapy is most efficacious in early stage breast cancer, while systemic therapy is generally justified in advanced and metastatic disease, or in diseases with specific phenotypes. Historically, breast cancer was treated with radical surgery alone. Advances in the understanding of the natural course of breast cancer as well as

title: Colorectal cancer
text: the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Other potential imaging tests such as PET and MRI may be used in certain cases. Staging of the cancer is based on both radiological and pathological findings. As for most other forms of cancer, tumor staging is based on the TNM system which considers how much the initial tumor has spread and the presence of metastases in lymph nodes and more distant organs. The microscopic cellular characteristics of the tumor are reported from the analysis of tissue taken from a biopsy or surgery. A pathology report contains a description of the microscopical characteristics of the

title: Siddhartha Mukherjee
text: but remain antigenically concealed. This technology has been developed so that, in addition to B cell malignancies, other lineage specific cancers could be targeted. This provides an important new approach to managing acute myeloid leukemia. In 2010, Simon & Schuster published his book, "" detailing the evolution of diagnosis and treatment of human cancers from ancient Egypt to the latest developments in chemotherapy and targeted therapy. On 18 April 2011, the book won the annual Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction; the citation called it "an elegant inquiry, at once clinical and personal, into the long history of an insidious disease

title: Foundation for Advancement in Cancer Therapy
text: with this concept and willing to make the necessary lifestyle changes, the ability of the body to heal can be truly amazing. Promotes several kinds of non-toxic disease treatments, including detoxification, a sound nutritional regime, and psychological healing. The book, authored by founder Ruth Sackman, was published in 2003. The book shifts the focus of the cancer discussion from the treatment of the symptoms to correcting the cause of the health breakdown in the body as a whole. The goal is not neoplasm (tumor) reduction, as in conventional protocols such as chemotherapy and radiation. Rather, the yardstick of success is

title: AJCC staging system
text: remission (cancer being undetectable) for certain cancers, if more treatment is planned, a doctor might restage the cancer. The same process that was done when the cancer was first diagnosed will be repeated: exams, imaging tests, biopsies, and possibly surgery to restage the cancer. If the cancer is restaged, the new stage will be recorded with a lower case "r" before the restaged designation. As previously stated, this is not done often. AJCC staging system The AJCC staging system is a classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer for describing the extent of disease progression in cancer

title: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
text: Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University is an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Baltimore, MD. It was established in 1973 and received its NCI designation that same year as one of the first designated cancer centers in the country. SKCCC is a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, an alliance of 27 comprehensive cancer centers in the US. The current director of SKCCC is William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D., who has been at JHU since 1992 and specializes in prostate cancer. Past directors have included Albert H. Owens Jr. and

title: Alternative cancer treatments
text: testing was completed. Since the 1940s, medical science has developed chemotherapy, radiation therapy, adjuvant therapy and the newer targeted therapies, as well as refined surgical techniques for removing cancer. Before the development of these modern, evidence-based treatments, 90% of cancer patients died within five years. With modern mainstream treatments, only 34% of cancer patients die within five years. However, while mainstream forms of cancer treatment generally prolong life or permanently cure cancer, most treatments also have side effects ranging from unpleasant to fatal, such as pain, blood clots, fatigue, and infection. These side effects and the lack of a guarantee

title: Yale Cancer Center
text: at Yale School of Medicine pioneered the modern concepts of chemotherapy by administering the very first anticancer agent, nitrogen mustard, to a patient with cancer. Today, scientists and clinicians at Yale Cancer Center are collaborating to design and develop the latest cancer treatments and combination therapy to patients in Phase I, II, and III clinical trials. Since the passage of the National Cancer Act in 1972, the NCI has mandated that comprehensive cancer centers, like Yale, develop fundamental basic science that translates into innovative therapies for cancer patients. The focus of the Center is to provide the highest quality clinical

title: Lung cancer
text: for smoking status may show benefit from a healthy diet. Treatment for lung cancer depends on the cancer's specific cell type, how far it has spread, and the person's performance status. Common treatments include palliative care, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Targeted therapy of lung cancer is growing in importance for advanced lung cancer. If investigations confirm NSCLC, the stage is assessed to determine whether the disease is localized and amenable to surgery or if it has spread to the point where it cannot be cured surgically. CT scan and positron emission tomography are used for this determination. If mediastinal

title: Foundation for Advancement in Cancer Therapy
text: many more about prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Ruth's yardstick for success was always long-term recovery, i.e., at least 10 years cancer-free. FACT's goal is to educate physicians and patients about a different concept of cancer and chronic degenerative conditions: whether dealing with breast cancer, lymphoma, Lyme disease — it is a systemic disease. Tumors or abnormal cells are symptoms of a biochemical imbalance in the body, and that imbalance can be corrected with a well-designed, individualized metabolic program. A non-toxic, biologically sound program, focusing on the whole body and not just the tumor, can provide all the materials