Claim: Wrist replacement surgery is a last resort for those who wish to save hand’s range of motion
Verdict: REFUTES

Retrieved passages:
title: Joint replacement of the hand
text: one solid bone. This surgery stops all movement at that joint and therefore eliminates the pain. The benefit of fusion is pain relief and the downside is elimination of motion at the fused joint, which can hinder function. Arthritic joint replacements are usually the most effective surgical option in more youthful and active patients. Younger patients may not be candidates for joint replacement because of the increased stress demand on the joints which accompany higher activity levels. This increased stress demand can quickly wear out an artificial joint. For those with a hand deformity, the surgical procedure varies slightly. Instead

title: Wrist osteoarthritis
text: of motion is extremely diminished by this type of surgery. The best option for those who wish for a motion-sparing procedure is total wrist arthroplasty. However, impact loading should be avoided, an object heavier than 4.5 kg should not be lifted. So, this surgical approach has postoperative activity restrictions. Nevertheless, patients with a total wrist arthrodesis on one side and a total wrist arthroplasty on the other, prefer the total wrist arthroplasty. The procedure exists of a couple of elements. First, the proximal row is removed and the distal row is fastened to the metacarpals. Then, one side of the

title: Kienböck's disease
text: radiated downward to fill in the void. The hand now has a deformed, crippled appearance. The only procedure that can be done is the "total wrist fusion", where a plate is inserted on the top of the wrist from the radius to the carpals, effectively freezing all flexion and movement in the wrist. Rotation is still possible as it is controlled by the radius and ulna. This is currently the last and most complete surgical option for Kienböck's sufferers. Most of the treatments described here are not mutually exclusive — meaning that a single patient may receive many of them

title: Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia
text: effect (Tenodesis grasp) means that wrist flexion passively opens the hand and wrist extension passively closes the hand. (see pictures below) Wrist-related tenodesis effect is the key point of any functional surgery in a paralyzed hand, therefore active wrist extension is required and reconstruction of this active wrist extension is of utmost importance for the tetraplegic hand. If no active wrist extension is available (IC group 0 and 1), the brachioradialis (only IC group 1) can be transferred to achieve wrist extension. Active tendon transfers are possible if m. extensor carpi radialis longus and m. extensor carpi radialis brevis are

title: Joint replacement
text: use of mobility aids (e.g. walking frames, canes, crutches) to enable the patient's return to preoperative mobility. Ankle replacement is becoming the treatment of choice for patients requiring arthroplasty, replacing the conventional use of arthrodesis, i.e. fusion of the bones. The restoration of range of motion is the key feature in favor of ankle replacement with respect to arthrodesis. However, clinical evidence of the superiority of the former has only been demonstrated for particular isolated implant designs. Finger joint replacement is a relatively quick procedure of about 30 minutes, but requires several months of subsequent therapy. Before major surgery is

title: Wrist osteoarthritis
text: procedure)to increase the stability of the scaphoid. In the treatment of stage II wrist osteoarthritis, there are two treatment options that have proved to be most successful. The first treatment option is proximal row carpectomy. During this surgical intervention the proximal row of the carpal bones is removed (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform). It is important that the radioscaphocapitate ligament is left intact, because if the ligament is not preserved the capitate bone will translate to the ulnar side of the wrist and move away from the distal radius. The new formed joint between the capitate and the lunate fossa of

title: Preiser disease
text: wrist joints. This often requires surgical intervention to prevent the progression of arthris. Two commonly performed procedures are: 1. Proximal row carpectomy (PRC), which involves removing the first row of the carpal bones, i.e. the scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum. The wrist is immobilised in a cast for six weeks after the surgery and then physiotherapy is started. 2. Scaphoid excision and 4-corner fusion, which is a procedure consisting of the removal of the scaphoid and fixation of the remaining wrist bones with a plate (called a "spider plate") or wires in order to provide stability. The plate usually is left

title: Kienböck's disease
text: break apart due to the pressure of the surrounding bones. This causes sharp fragments of bone to float between the joints, causing excruciating pain. At this point, the lunate is ready for removal. The most frequently performed surgery is the "Proximal Row Carpectomy", where the lunate, scaphoid and triquetrum are extracted. This greatly limits the range of motion of the wrist, but pain relief can be achieved for longer than after the other surgeries. Another surgical option for this stage is a titanium, silicon or pyrocarbon implant that takes place of the lunate, though doctors shy from this due to

title: Carpal tunnel surgery
text: hand surgery': with no tourniquet, no general or regional anaesthesia and no sedation; which also enables carpal tunnel release to be performed under local anaesthesia as a one stop procedure. After carpal tunnel surgery, the long term use of a splint on the wrist should not be used for relief. Splints do not improve grip strength, lateral pinch strength, or bowstringing. While splints may protect people working with their hands, using a splint does not change complication rates or patient satisfaction. Using splints can cause problems including adhesion and lack of flexibility. Carpal tunnel surgery is usually performed by a

title: Joint replacement of the hand
text: of the joint being removed and replaced with a prosthetic hand, a hand from a donor is used. Joint replacement of the hand Joint replacement of the hand is a procedure that was invented by the Scottish scientist, Dr. Mitchell McGuire. The procedure was considered a major breakthrough in the medical field at the time. However, it is now considered an almost standard operation. The first successful surgery of this kind was conducted on 21 December 1992, in New York City, USA. This surgical option is reserved for patients with advanced arthritis or with a hand deformity. Merging of a

title: Wrist osteoarthritis
text: The capitate, lunate, hamate and triquetrum are bounded together in this procedure and the scaphoid is excised. Before the arthrodesis is executed, the lunate must be reduced out of DISI position. Because the radiolunate joint is typically preserved in stage II SLAC and SNAC wrists, this joint can be the only remaining joint of the proximal wrist. Both procedures are often combined with wrist denervation, as described in the text of treatment stage I. The only treatment option for stage III wrist osteoarthritis is four-corner arthrodesis, as described above in stage II. Proximal row carpectomy is not an option, because

title: Wrist guard
text: or fracture of the wrist and arm bones. Wrist-guards prevent such injury with a plastic splint held on the inside of the wrist. The splint curves inwards towards the palm at the wrist joint, where it is exposed, and is concealed and held in place by padding at the hand and arm. When the wearer falls forward onto their hands, the curved plastic splint prevents the hand from hitting the ground, and the reduced friction of the plastic deflects the hands forward. Because of this reduced friction and forward deflection of the force of the fall, no weight can be

title: Preiser disease
text: inside the patient's wrist, while the wires (usually K-wires) have to be removed in a second surgery. This procedure of partial wrist fusion allows for limited wrist movement, whereas total wrist fusion immobilizes the wrist permanently. Following surgery it can take several months for affected patients to regain strength. Unfortunately both of these operations are salvage procedures and movements in the wrist will be significantly reduced. First described by Preiser in 1910 in 5 patients, all with previous history of wrist trauma, and scaphoid fractures in 3 of them. Four corner fusion Preiser disease Preiser disease, or (idiopathic) avascular necrosis

title: Wrist osteoarthritis
text: the distal radius is not as congruent as the former scaphoid-lunate-radius joint, however the results of proximal row carpectomy are generally excellent. In patients older than 40 years proximal row carpectomy is preferred because these patients have a small chance of developing osteoarthritis in the new formed capitate-radial joint during their remaining life. Patients younger than 40 years have a big chance to develop osteoarthritis in the radiocapitate joint. These patients have longer to live, therefore the incongruence of the joint will exist for a longer time. Thus, in this patient population four-corner arthrodesis is the treatment of first choice.

title: Joint replacement of the hand
text: Joint replacement of the hand Joint replacement of the hand is a procedure that was invented by the Scottish scientist, Dr. Mitchell McGuire. The procedure was considered a major breakthrough in the medical field at the time. However, it is now considered an almost standard operation. The first successful surgery of this kind was conducted on 21 December 1992, in New York City, USA. This surgical option is reserved for patients with advanced arthritis or with a hand deformity. Merging of a joint involves removing the joint and surgically "fusing" the joint's end so that the two bones effectively form

title: Liebenberg syndrome
text: changes in finger shape result in small club shaped appendages. Motion is reduced in all digital joints of the hand. Surgery is an option to correct some of the morphological changes made by Liebenberg Syndrome. Cases exist where surgery is performed to correct radial deviations and flexion deformities in the wrist. A surgery called a carpectomy has been performed on a patient whereby a surgeon removes the proximal row of the carpal bones. This procedure removes some of the carpal bones to create a more regular wrist function than is observed in people with this condition. Liebenberg syndrome Liebenberg Syndrome

title: Wrist osteoarthritis
text: arthroplasty is placed upon the distal row and the other side on the distal radius. Additionally, the head of the ulna is removed. Wrist osteoarthritis Wrist osteoarthritis is a group of mechanical abnormalities resulting in joint destruction, which can occur in the wrist. These abnormalities include degeneration of cartilage and hypertrophic bone changes, which can lead to pain, swelling and loss of function. Osteoarthritis of the wrist is one of the most common conditions seen by hand surgeons. Osteoarthritis of the wrist can be idiopathic, but it is mostly seen as a post-traumatic condition. There are different types of post-traumatic

title: Upper-limb surgery in tetraplegia
text: function is a prerequisite for this surgery. If one of these muscles is nonfunctional the patient will lose forearm supination and elbow flexion if the tendon is transferred. In general, reconstruction of the upper limb can only be performed if active elbow extension is present. This stabilizes the elbow and gives the patient a reach. It will also allow the transfer of the other muscles crossing the elbow joint (like the m. brachioradialis and m. extensor carpi radialis longus). It is also an operation whose results allow the patient to gain confidence in the rest of the treatment. Wrist-related tenodesis

title: Wrist arthroscopy
text: arthroscopy could also be used as a therapeutic tool. Before surgery can be started, the patient has to be positioned in such a way that the wrist is stabilized. In order to do this, the patient has to be placed on the operating table with his or her face upward. The wrist of the arm on which will be operated on, has to be placed on a separate operating table on the side of the other operating table. To properly stabilize the wrist, the patient's elbow is flexed and the forearm is immobilized by using a traction apparatus. By using

title: Joint replacement
text: doing this surgery is to relieve pain, to restore range of motion and to improve walking ability, leading to the improvement of muscle strength. For shoulder replacement, there are a few major approaches to access the shoulder joint. The first is the deltopectoral approach, which saves the deltoid, but requires the supraspinatus to be cut. The second is the transdeltoid approach, which provides a straight on approach at the glenoid. However, during this approach the deltoid is put at risk for potential damage. Both techniques are used, depending on the surgeon's preferences. Hip replacement can be performed as a total