Claim: I’ll Take a Sperm Test, to Go: First at-Home Male-Infertility Test Debuts
Verdict: REFUTES

Retrieved passages:
title: Clearblue
text: occurred (1-2, 2-3 or over 3 weeks) alongside a pregnant result. It was released in Europe in 2008 and in the U.S in August 2013 under the name “Clearblue Advanced Digital Pregnancy Test with Weeks Estimator.” Clearblue has also launched ovulation and fertility home diagnostic products to help women identify their fertile days and to maximize their chances of conception. In 1989, Clearblue released the first one-step home ovulation test, enabling women to measure their surge in Luteinising Hormone (LH) to determine their most fertile days. In 1999, the brand launched the world’s first dual-hormone fertility monitor, which allowed women

title: Joseph D. Schulman
text: diagnoses and treatments in human genetics and infertility, and is now an international company in these fields. The Institute was the first in the United States to introduce transvaginal non-surgical IVF (replacing laparoscopy and now the standard method worldwide), and also to report pregnancies using ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) for the treatment of severe male infertility. The Institute also was one of the first centers in the world to introduce chorionic villus sampling (CVS) as an earlier alternative to amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis, the first to offer clinical testing for certain common mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which

title: Carl Axel Gemzell
text: modern infertility therapy such as IVF. First pregnancies were achieved in 1961 and Gemzell recognized early that multiple pregnancy and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were major side effect of the therapy. Gemzell’s pituitary gonadotropin preparation was soon replaced by FSH extracts from urine of postmenopausal women by a method that was developed by Piero Donini and later marketed as Pergonal. Decades later pituitary extractions were proven to be unsafe as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease could be transmitted. In 1960 Gemzell and Leif Wide presented a pregnancy test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition, a first step away from in-vivo pregnancy testing. This test

title: Takehiko Ogawa
text: Takehiko Ogawa In 2011, Ogawa and his colleagues succeeded to produce functional sperm from spermatogonial stem cells with the testis of mouse using an organ culture method, which was the first demonstration of mammalian. The result could change views about fertility and spermatogenesis and result in new diagnostics for male infertility as well as treatment and follow-up of patients with cancer. In 2014, his research group reported that a sample of frozen testicle has been used to produce live offspring in experiments on mice, and this breakthrough could have important implications for boys with cancer who become infertile due to

title: Clearblue
text: three-step process using a dipstick and small tray. In 1988, Clearblue launched the first one-step pregnancy test with the invention of lateral flow technology. This one-step test gave a result in 3 minutes, subsequently reduced to a 1-minute result when Clearblue introduced the world’s first one-minute home pregnancy test in 1996. In 2003, Clearblue released the first digital pregnancy test to show the result in words ‘Pregnant’ or ‘Not Pregnant’ on a digital screen. In 2008, Clearblue released the Clearblue Digital Pregnancy Test with Conception Indicator. It was the first and only pregnancy test which showed the time since ovulation

title: Pregnancy test
text: after fertilization of the egg, and in the urine 10. Obstetric ultrasonography may also be used to detect pregnancy. Obstetric ultrasonography was first practiced in the 1960s; the first home test kit for hCG was invented in 1968. The kits went on the market in the United States and Europe in the mid-1970s. At the beginning of the 1930s, Hillel Shapiro and Harry Zwarenstein, who were researchers at the University of Cape Town, discovered that if urine from a pregnant female was injected into the South African Xenopus toad and the toad ovulated, this indicated that the woman was pregnant.

title: Paul J. Turek
text: the human sperm membrane. In this test, the sperm is exposed to a hypososmotic solution consisting of a 50:50 mixture of 150 mosmol fructose and 150 mosmol sodium citrate. The tails of normal sperm will swell when exposed to this solution, whereas damaged sperm with low motility will not swell measurably. Although a moving or motile sperm was traditionally required for use with this technique, some infertile men have genetically immotile sperm and are unable to take advantage of this technology to become fathers. In early research in this area, Turek tried to understand more about how sperm “viability” relates

title: Male infertility
text: the scrotum can reveal a varicocele, but the impact of detecting and surgically correct a varicocele on sperm parameters or overall male fertility is debated. The volume of the semen sample, approximate number of total sperm cells, sperm motility/forward progression, and % of sperm with normal morphology are measured. This is the most common type of fertility testing. Semen deficiencies are often labeled as follows: There are various combinations of these as well, e.g. "Teratoasthenozoospermia", which is reduced sperm morphology and motility. Low sperm counts are often associated with decreased sperm motility and increased abnormal morphology, thus the terms "oligoasthenoteratozoospermia"

title: Fertility testing
text: semen testing and genetic testing, as other factors such as impotence are obvious. Semen can be tested for sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, pH, volume, fructose content, and acrosome activity. Checks are also made to identify undescended testicles and retrograde ejaculation, along with medical history, such as cancer treatment, radiation, drug use, etc. In some cases the hamster zona-free ovum test may also be used to diagnose fertility. Genetic testing and chromosomal analysis can rule out some other causes of male infertility, such as Klinefelter syndrome. A recent study identified epigenetic patterns in male sperm that may contribute to

title: Paul J. Turek
text: to “motility." Subsequently, his team evolved the Hypoosmotic Swelling Test into a therapeutic tool that harmlessly and physiologically “pokes” a non-moving sperm to determine whether it is alive and therefore able to be used for ICSI. This technique was subsequently applied to men with genetically immotile sperm with success and this technique is now used routinely in many reproductive centers worldwide. Concerned about the risk of transmitting genetic male infertility or other genetic issues to offspring with the use of modern assisted reproductive techniques such as ICSI, Turek founded a unique, trademarked program called PROGENI (Program in the Genetics of

title: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
text: was a child in Singapore-born in April 1989. The technique was developed by Gianpiero Palermo at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, in the Center for Reproductive Medicine headed by Paul Devroey and Andre Van Steirteghem. The procedure itself was first performed in 1987, though it only went to the pronuclear stage. The first activated embryo by ICSI was produced in 1990, but the first successful birth by ICSI took place on January 14, 1992 after an April 1991 conception. Sharpe "et al" comment on the success of ICSI since 1992 saying, "[t]hus, the woman carries the treatment burden for male infertility,

title: Bad News (How I Met Your Mother)
text: to get his sperm tested before calling him again. When Marshall is unable to produce a sperm sample at the doctor's office, he returns home to produce the sample, only to find that his parents have dropped by for a surprise visit. He eventually reveals to his parents his concerns about possible infertility, to which they reassure him that they love him regardless of whether he and Lily will give them grandchildren and suggest other options, such as adoption and sperm donors. Meanwhile, Robin's new job at World Wide News has started badly, beginning with the revelation that the network's

title: Fertility clinic
text: of the time from males, 35% from female, 20% from combined issues, and 10% from unexplained causes. For the male, semen collection is a standard diagnostic test to ascertain problems with the semen quality, while females may undergo a number of tests including an ovulation analysis, x-ray of fallopian tubes and uterus, and laparoscopy. They may also perform ultrasounds by a sonographer and advanced pregnancy tests. Treatment may include ovulation induction, surgical interventions, artificial insemination, such as intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or the use of an egg donor or a sperm donor. In vitro fertilization is the

title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
text: implantation for other reasons than diagnosis or screening. Procedures performed on sex cells before fertilization may instead be referred to as methods of oocyte selection or sperm selection, although the methods and aims partly overlap with PGD. In 1968, Robert Edwards and Richard Gardner reported the successful identification of the sex of rabbit blastocysts. It was not until the 1980s that human IVF was fully developed, which coincided with the breakthrough of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Handyside, Kontogianni and Winston's first successful tests happened in October 1989, with the first births in 1990 though the preliminary

title: Fertility testing
text: as uterine fibroids, Asherman's syndrome, and bicornate uterus. It involves the insertion of an endoscope to produce images of the inside of the uterus. Laparoscopy is used to examine the interior of the abdomen. It can be used to establish patency of the fallopian tubes, and is especially suitable for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Males who have gone through puberty should be fertile throughout life. Men ejaculate semen which contains sex cells called sperm. After intercourse, sperm travel to the egg through the female reproductive tract, typically causing fertilisation to occur in the fallopian tubes. Fertility testing for men involves

title: Male infertility
text: or "oligospermia" can be used as a catch-all. Common hormonal test include determination of FSH and testosterone levels. A blood sample can reveal genetic causes of infertility, e.g. Klinefelter syndrome, a Y chromosome microdeletion, or cystic fibrosis. Scrotal ultrasonography is useful when there is a suspicion of some particular diseases. It may detect signs of testicular dysgenesis, which is often related to an impaired spermatogenesis and to a higher risk of testicular cancer. Scrotum ultrasonography may also detect testicular lesions suggestive of malignancy. A decreased testicular vascularization is characteristic of testicular torsion, whereas hyperemia is often observed in epididymo-orchitis or

title: Juan R. Correa-Pérez
text: Juan R. Correa-Pérez Juan R. Correa-Pérez, Ph.D. (born May 3, 1968, in San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a scientist credited with becoming the first (doctoral level) clinical Andrologist and Embryologist established in Puerto Rico (1998). He has a particular interest and expertise in male-factor infertility with an impressive resume of research. Dr. Correa-Pérez is highly skilled in assisted hatching, retrieval of sperm from epididymal/testicular tissue, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), oocyte/embryo biopsy for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) all aspects of andrology and embryology, sperm and embryo cryopreservation (freezing) and the treatment of severe male factor infertility. He has a long and

title: Ashok Agarwal
text: later an Assistant Professor of Urology at Harvard Medical School (Director of Urologic Research: Kevin R. Loughlin, M.D.) between 1988 and 1992. Aside from his teaching responsibilities, Ashok worked as the Coordinator of Andrology Testing in the Reproductive Endocrinology Laboratory in the Brigham and Women's Hospital (Medical Director: George L. Mutter, M.D.). Ashok was appointed in 1993 by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, as the Head of the Clinical Andrology Center, which over the years under his leadership, has become a center of excellence for the diagnosis of male infertility and for fertility preservation of men with oncological conditions in

title: John Buster
text: which blastocyst, which had been deliberately created from in vivo fertilization in the donor’s body using infertile recipient’s husband sperm, were transferred to produce pregnancy in an infertile recipient woman. In February 1984, the historical first live birth, followed 3 months later by a second live birth, resulted from these techniques and was reported by Buster and his team. 30 years later, Buster updated the uterine lavage technology adapting it to diagnosis and prevention of genetic diseases in embryos. With vastly updated technology, in 2011 Buster founded Previvo Genetics, Inc. He now serves as its Chief Medical Officer for that

title: FNA Mapping
text: with azoospermia harbor sperm for IVF-ICSI and (2) to precisely locate the areas of sperm production within atrophic, nonobstructed testes. This clinical need led to the development of testis FNA “mapping” in male infertility by a team of University of California San Francisco physicians led by Dr. Paul J. Turek (Figure 1). In a pilot study of 16 men from 1997, testis FNA was used to “map” the organ for mature sperm. The concept for mapping testis for sperm was inspired by the work of Gottschalk-Sabag and colleagues and modeled after the approach to prostate biology in which multiple prostate