Question: When was the first hydrogen fuel cell created?

context: In 1842, Grove developed the first fuel cell (which he called the "gas voltaic battery"), which produced electrical energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen, and described it using his correlation theory. In developing the cell and showing that steam could be disassociated into oxygen and hydrogen, and the process reversed, he was the first person to demonstrate the thermal dissociation of molecules into their constituent atoms. The first demonstration of this effect, he gave privately to Faraday, Gassiot and Edward William Brayley, his scientific editor. His work also led him to early insights into the nature of ionisation. For observations made in Ref., Grove is credited for the discovery of sputtering.
question: When did Robert Grove develop the first fuel cell?
short_answers: 1842
context: The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a letter dated October 1838 but published in the December 1838 edition of "The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", Welsh physicist and barrister Sir William Grove wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells. He used a combination of sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates, and a solution of sulphate of copper and dilute acid. In a letter to the same publication written in December 1838 but published in June 1839, German physicist Christian Friedrich Schönbein discussed the first crude fuel cell that he had invented. His letter discussed current generated from hydrogen and oxygen dissolved in water. Grove later sketched his design, in 1842, in the same journal. The fuel cell he made used similar materials to today's phosphoric acid fuel cell.
question: When did hydrogen hydrogen fuel cells first start to be referenced?|When was the hydrogen fuel cell first mentioned?|When was the first hydrogen fuel cell first published?
short_answers: December 1838
1838
October 1838

Answer: A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel, often hydrogen, and an oxidizing agent, often oxygen, into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in a letter dated October 1838, but published in the December 1838 edition of "The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", in which Welsh physicist and barrister Sir William Grove wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells. In 1842, Robert Grove developed the first fuel cell, which he called the "gas voltaic battery", that produced electrical energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen.