-- Lean 4 proof step from Mathlib.Combinatorics.Nullstellensatz (goal)
Goal:
R : Type u_1
inst : CommRing R
σ : Type u_2
inst_1 : Finite σ
inst_2 : IsDomain R
P : MvPolynomial σ R
S : σ → Finset R
Hdeg : ∀ (i : σ), degreeOf i P < #(S i)
Heval :
  ∀ (x : σ → R), (∀ (i : σ), x i ∈ S i) → Eq.{u_1 + 1} (α := R) ((eval x : (a : MvPolynomial σ R) → R) P : R) (0 : R)
of_equiv :
  ∀ {σ τ : Type u_2} (e : σ ≃ τ)
    (h :
      ∀ (P : MvPolynomial σ R) (S : σ → Finset R) (Hdeg : ∀ (i : σ), degreeOf i P < #(S i))
        (Heval :
          ∀ (x : σ → R),
            (∀ (i : σ), x i ∈ S i) → Eq.{u_1 + 1} (α := R) ((eval x : (a : MvPolynomial σ R) → R) P : R) (0 : R)),
        P = 0)
    (P : MvPolynomial τ R) (S : τ → Finset R) (Hdeg : ∀ (i : τ), degreeOf i P < #(S i))
    (Heval :
      ∀ (x : τ → R),
        (∀ (i : τ), x i ∈ S i) → Eq.{u_1 + 1} (α := R) ((eval x : (a : MvPolynomial τ R) → R) P : R) (0 : R)),
    P = 0
⊢ P = 0
have h_empty : ∀ (P : MvPolynomial PEmpty.{u_2 + 1} R) (S : PEmpty.{u_2 + 1} → Finset R)
  (Hdeg : ∀ (i : PEmpty.{u_2 + 1}), degreeOf i P < #(S i))
  (Heval :
    ∀ (x : PEmpty.{u_2 + 1} → R),
      (∀ (i : PEmpty.{u_2 + 1}), x i ∈ S i) →
        Eq.{u_1 + 1} (α := R) ((eval x : (a : MvPolynomial PEmpty.{u_2 + 1} R) → R) P : R) (0 : R)),
  P = 0
Tactic: induction σ using Finite.induction_empty_option with
  | @of_equiv σ τ e h =>
    suffices MvPolynomial.rename e.symm P = 0 by
      have that := MvPolynomial.rename_injective (R := R) e.symm (e.symm.injective)
      rw [RingHom.injective_iff_ker_eq_bot] at that
      rwa [← RingHom.mem_ker, that] at this
    apply h _ (fun i ↦ S (e i))
    · intro i
      classical
      convert! Hdeg (e i)
      conv_lhs => rw [← e.symm_apply_apply i, degreeOf_rename_of_injective e.symm.injective]
    · intro x hx
      simp only [MvPolynomial.eval_rename]
      apply Heval
      intro s
      simp only [Function.comp_apply]
      convert! hx (e.symm s)
      simp only [Equiv.apply_symm_apply]
  | h_empty =>
    suffices P = C (constantCoeff P) by
      specialize Heval default (fun i ↦ PEmpty.elim i)
      rw [this, eval_C] at Heval
      rw [this, Heval, C_0]
    ext m
    suffices m = 0 by simp [this, ← constantCoeff_eq]
    ext d; exact PEmpty.elim d
  | @h_option σ _ h =>
    set Q := optionEquivLeft R σ P with hQ
    suffices Q = 0 by
      rw [← AlgEquiv.symm_apply_apply (optionEquivLeft R σ) P, ← hQ, this, map_zero]
    have Heval' (x : σ → R) (hx : ∀ i, x i ∈ S (some i)) : Polynomial.map (eval x) Q = 0 := by
      apply Polynomial.eq_zero_of_natDegree_lt_card_of_eval_eq_zero' _ (S none)
      · intro y hy
        rw [← optionEquivLeft_elim_eval]
        apply Heval
        simp only [Option.forall, Option.elim_none, hy, Option.elim_some, hx, implies_true,
          and_self]
      · apply lt_of_le_of_lt _ (Hdeg none)
        rw [Polynomial.natDegree_le_iff_coeff_eq_zero]
        intro d hd
        simp only [hQ]
        rw [MvPolynomial.coeff_eval_eq_eval_coeff]
        convert! map_zero (MvPolynomial.eval x)
        ext m
        simp only [coeff_zero]
        set n := (embDomain Function.Embedding.some m).update none d with hn
        rw [eq_option_embedding_update_none_iff] at hn
        rw [← hn.1, ← hn.2, optionEquivLeft_coeff_some_coeff_none]
        by_contra hm
        apply not_le.mpr hd
        rw [MvPolynomial.degreeOf_eq_sup]
        rw [← ne_eq, ← MvPolynomial.mem_support_iff] at hm
        convert! Finset.le_sup hm
        exact hn.1.symm
    ext m d
    simp only [Polynomial.coeff_zero, coeff_zero]
    suffices Q.coeff m = 0 by simp only [this, coeff_zero]
    apply h _ (fun i ↦ S (some i))
    · intro i
      apply lt_of_le_of_lt _ (Hdeg (some i))
      simp only [degreeOf_eq_sup, Finset.sup_le_iff, mem_support_iff, ne_eq]
      intro e he
      set n := (embDomain Function.Embedding.some e).update none m with hn
      rw [eq_option_embedding_update_none_iff] at hn
      rw [hQ, ← hn.1, ← hn.2, optionEquivLeft_coeff_some_coeff_none, ← ne_eq,
        ← MvPolynomial.mem_support_iff] at he
      convert! Finset.le_sup he
      rw [← hn.2, some_apply]
    · intro x hx
      specialize Heval' x hx
      rw [Polynomial.ext_iff] at Heval'
      simpa only [Polynomial.coeff_map, Polynomial.coeff_zero] using Heval' m
Cleared hypotheses: P, S, Hdeg, Heval