aveni-ai/aveni-bench-tat-qa huggingface dataset:
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure that our management uses to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to generate future operating plans, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and to make investments in initiatives that are focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. Further, we believe the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of acquisition-related expense and certain historical legal expenses, excludes items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other GAAP-based financial performance measures, our net income and our other GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands).

Year Ended December 31,

2019	2018	2017	2016	2015

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net income	$53,330	$21,524	$29,251	$10,154	$11,768

Adjustments:

Interest expense, interest income and other income, net	(8,483)	503	1,133	(323)	526

Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	5,566	(9,825)	2,990	4,227	5,697

Amortization and depreciation expense	22,134	21,721	17,734	6,490	5,808

Stock-based compensation expense	20,603	13,429	7,413	4,001	4,124

Acquisition-related expense	2,403	—	5,895	11,098	100

Litigation expense	12,754	45,729	7,212	13,387	6,347

Total adjustments	54,977	71,557	42,377	38,880	22,602

Adjusted EBITDA	$108,307	$93,081	$71,628	$49,034	$34,370

Question: What was the net income in 2019?
Answer: $53,330
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure that our management uses to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to generate future operating plans, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and to make investments in initiatives that are focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. Further, we believe the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of acquisition-related expense and certain historical legal expenses, excludes items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other GAAP-based financial performance measures, our net income and our other GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands).

Year Ended December 31,

2019	2018	2017	2016	2015

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net income	$53,330	$21,524	$29,251	$10,154	$11,768

Adjustments:

Interest expense, interest income and other income, net	(8,483)	503	1,133	(323)	526

Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	5,566	(9,825)	2,990	4,227	5,697

Amortization and depreciation expense	22,134	21,721	17,734	6,490	5,808

Stock-based compensation expense	20,603	13,429	7,413	4,001	4,124

Acquisition-related expense	2,403	—	5,895	11,098	100

Litigation expense	12,754	45,729	7,212	13,387	6,347

Total adjustments	54,977	71,557	42,377	38,880	22,602

Adjusted EBITDA	$108,307	$93,081	$71,628	$49,034	$34,370

Question: What was the amount of amortization and depreciation expense in 2018?
Answer: 21,721
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure that our management uses to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to generate future operating plans, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and to make investments in initiatives that are focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. Further, we believe the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of acquisition-related expense and certain historical legal expenses, excludes items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other GAAP-based financial performance measures, our net income and our other GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands).

Year Ended December 31,

2019	2018	2017	2016	2015

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net income	$53,330	$21,524	$29,251	$10,154	$11,768

Adjustments:

Interest expense, interest income and other income, net	(8,483)	503	1,133	(323)	526

Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	5,566	(9,825)	2,990	4,227	5,697

Amortization and depreciation expense	22,134	21,721	17,734	6,490	5,808

Stock-based compensation expense	20,603	13,429	7,413	4,001	4,124

Acquisition-related expense	2,403	—	5,895	11,098	100

Litigation expense	12,754	45,729	7,212	13,387	6,347

Total adjustments	54,977	71,557	42,377	38,880	22,602

Adjusted EBITDA	$108,307	$93,081	$71,628	$49,034	$34,370

Question: How many years did the total adjustments exceed $50,000 thousand?
Answer: 2
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure that our management uses to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to generate future operating plans, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and to make investments in initiatives that are focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. Further, we believe the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of acquisition-related expense and certain historical legal expenses, excludes items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other GAAP-based financial performance measures, our net income and our other GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands).

Year Ended December 31,

2019	2018	2017	2016	2015

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net income	$53,330	$21,524	$29,251	$10,154	$11,768

Adjustments:

Interest expense, interest income and other income, net	(8,483)	503	1,133	(323)	526

Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	5,566	(9,825)	2,990	4,227	5,697

Amortization and depreciation expense	22,134	21,721	17,734	6,490	5,808

Stock-based compensation expense	20,603	13,429	7,413	4,001	4,124

Acquisition-related expense	2,403	—	5,895	11,098	100

Litigation expense	12,754	45,729	7,212	13,387	6,347

Total adjustments	54,977	71,557	42,377	38,880	22,602

Adjusted EBITDA	$108,307	$93,081	$71,628	$49,034	$34,370

Question: What was the change in the litigation expense between 2017 and 2018?
Answer: 38517
We have included Adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure that our management uses to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to generate future operating plans, to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and to make investments in initiatives that are focused on cultivating new markets for our solutions. We also use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, as performance measures under our executive bonus plan. Further, we believe the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of acquisition-related expense and certain historical legal expenses, excludes items that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: (a) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; (b) Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (c) Adjusted EBITDA does may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and (e) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside our other GAAP-based financial performance measures, our net income and our other GAAP financial results. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for each of the periods indicated (in thousands).

Year Ended December 31,

2019	2018	2017	2016	2015

Adjusted EBITDA:

Net income	$53,330	$21,524	$29,251	$10,154	$11,768

Adjustments:

Interest expense, interest income and other income, net	(8,483)	503	1,133	(323)	526

Provision for / (benefit from) income taxes	5,566	(9,825)	2,990	4,227	5,697

Amortization and depreciation expense	22,134	21,721	17,734	6,490	5,808

Stock-based compensation expense	20,603	13,429	7,413	4,001	4,124

Acquisition-related expense	2,403	—	5,895	11,098	100

Litigation expense	12,754	45,729	7,212	13,387	6,347

Total adjustments	54,977	71,557	42,377	38,880	22,602

Adjusted EBITDA	$108,307	$93,081	$71,628	$49,034	$34,370

Question: What was the percentage change in adjusted EBITDA between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 16.36
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: What are the respective age of the executive officers?
Answer: 61; 66; 56
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: Where can the remaining information required under Item 10 concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020 be found?
Answer: The Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement; Form 10‐K
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: What are the respective ages of the company's current Vice Presidents?
Answer: 66; 56
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: What is the average age of the company's executive officers?
Answer: 61
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: Who is the oldest executive officer in the company?
Answer: John Capogrossi
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Officers of the Registrant The following table sets forth information concerning the executive officers of Loral as of March 12, 2020. The remaining information required under Item 10 will be presented in the Company’s 2020 definitive proxy statement which is incorporated herein by reference or by amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

Name	Age	Position

Avi Katz	61	President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2012. Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2008 to December 2012.

John Capogrossi	66	Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2016. Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Controller from March 2013 to January 2016. Vice President and Controller from January 2008 to March 2013.

Ravinder S. Girgla	56	Vice President and Controller since January 2016. Deputy Controller from February 2013 to January 2016. Assistant Controller from July 2008 to February 2013.

Question: What is the average age of the company's Vice Presidents?
Answer: 61
11. Reportable Segments, Geographic Information and Major Customers Reportable segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company uses an internal management reporting system, which provides important financial data to evaluate performance and allocate the Company’s resources on a regional basis. Net sales for the segments are attributed to the region in which the product is manufactured or the service is performed. The services provided, manufacturing processes used, class of customers serviced and order fulfillment processes used are similar and generally interchangeable across the segments. A segment’s performance is evaluated based upon its operating income (loss). A segment’s operating income (loss) includes its net sales less cost of sales and selling and administrative expenses, but excludes corporate and other expenses. Corporate and other expenses fiscal 2019 and the $13.5 million one-time employee bonus paid to full-time, non-executive employees during fiscal 2018 due to the Company's ability to access overseas cash as a result of Tax Reform (the "one-time employee bonus"). These costs are not allocated to the segments, as management excludes such costs when assessing the performance of the segments. Inter-segment transactions are generally recorded at amounts that approximate arm’s length transactions. The accounting policies for the segments are the same as for the Company taken as a whole. Information about the Company’s three reportable segments for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

September 28, 2019	September 29, 2018

Total assets:

AMER	$751,990	$645,791

APAC	958,744	937,510

EMEA	209,541	193,797

Corporate and eliminations	80,608	155,544

$2,000,883	$1,932,642

Question: What was the total assets from AMER in 2018?
Answer: 645,791