feat_summary_path: finished_summaries/gradesaver/Tess of the D'Urbervilles/section_2_part_8.txt
feat_book_id: Tess of the D'Urbervilles.chapter 23
feat_summary_id: chapter 23
feat_summary: {"name": "Chapter 23", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210410060617/https://www.gradesaver.com/tess-of-the-durbervilles/study-guide/summary-phase-3-chapters-16-24", "summary": "On Sunday, after milking the milkers travel to church in the rain. The lane leading from the parish has been flooded. While they cling to the bank, the girls find Angel Clare advancing toward them through the water. Angel asks the girls, avoiding Tess, whether they are going to church, and he vows to carry them through the flooded area. Tess is the final one to be carried, and she refuses, thinking that he must be so tired. Angel tells her that he carried the other girls so that he may get the opportunity to carry Tess. On the way to church, Marian remarks that the other girls have no chance against Tess, for Angel would have kissed her if she had encouraged him. Tess's heart aches, for there is no concealing the fact that she loves Angel Clare. That night, she vows that she will never stand in the way of Retty or the other girls. Izz tells Tess that a young lady of Angel's rank who supports him will marry Angel. After this disclosure Tess nourishes no further foolish thought that there lurks a grave import in Clare's attention to her, thinking that the love is a passing summer love for her face.", "analysis": "Tess continues to resist Angel Clare's advances in this chapter, although his declaration of affection for her is entirely without reproach. However, even if Angel behaves quite nobly to Tess and the other girls, even carrying them across flooded terrain and refraining from kissing Tess when he has the opportunity, he remains persistent. There is a great deal of inevitability concerning the romance between Angel and Tess; she cannot hide that she loves Angel, yet believes that his affection for her is only passing. Nevertheless, there is overwhelming evidence to the contrary; Tess's belief that Angel only has a temporary affection for her is based not on Angel's behavior but instead on her own anxieties and experience with Alec, which has taught her of the inconstancy of men's affections. The test of whether or not Tess will declare her love for Angel is not whether Angel loves her, but rather whether Tess may accept his love"}
text: 
  
  The hot weather of July had crept upon them unawares, and the
  atmosphere of the flat vale hung heavy as an opiate over the
  dairy-folk, the cows, and the trees.  Hot steaming rains fell
  frequently, making the grass where the cows fed yet more rank, and
  hindering the late hay-making in the other meads.
  
  It was Sunday morning; the milking was done; the outdoor milkers
  had gone home.  Tess and the other three were dressing themselves
  rapidly, the whole bevy having agreed to go together to Mellstock
  Church, which lay some three or four miles distant from the
  dairy-house.  She had now been two months at Talbothays, and this
  was her first excursion.
  
  All the preceding afternoon and night heavy thunderstorms had hissed
  down upon the meads, and washed some of the hay into the river; but
  this morning the sun shone out all the more brilliantly for the
  deluge, and the air was balmy and clear.
  
  The crooked lane leading from their own parish to Mellstock ran along
  the lowest levels in a portion of its length, and when the girls
  reached the most depressed spot they found that the result of the
  rain had been to flood the lane over-shoe to a distance of some fifty
  yards.  This would have been no serious hindrance on a week-day; they
  would have clicked through it in their high pattens and boots quite
  unconcerned; but on this day of vanity, this Sun's-day, when flesh
  went forth to coquet with flesh while hypocritically affecting
  business with spiritual things; on this occasion for wearing their
  white stockings and thin shoes, and their pink, white, and lilac
  gowns, on which every mud spot would be visible, the pool was an
  awkward impediment.  They could hear the church-bell calling--as yet
  nearly a mile off.
  
  "Who would have expected such a rise in the river in summer-time!"
  said Marian, from the top of the roadside bank on which they had
  climbed, and were maintaining a precarious footing in the hope of
  creeping along its slope till they were past the pool.
  
  "We can't get there anyhow, without walking right through it, or else
  going round the Turnpike way; and that would make us so very late!"
  said Retty, pausing hopelessly.
  
  "And I do colour up so hot, walking into church late, and all the
  people staring round," said Marian, "that I hardly cool down again
  till we get into the That-it-may-please-Thees."
  
  While they stood clinging to the bank they heard a splashing round
  the bend of the road, and presently appeared Angel Clare, advancing
  along the lane towards them through the water.
  
  Four hearts gave a big throb simultaneously.
  
  His aspect was probably as un-Sabbatarian a one as a dogmatic
  parson's son often presented; his attire being his dairy clothes,
  long wading boots, a cabbage-leaf inside his hat to keep his head
  cool, with a thistle-spud to finish him off.  "He's not going to
  church," said Marian.
  
  "No--I wish he was!" murmured Tess.
  
  Angel, in fact, rightly or wrongly (to adopt the safe phrase of
  evasive controversialists), preferred sermons in stones to sermons in
  churches and chapels on fine summer days.  This morning, moreover,
  he had gone out to see if the damage to the hay by the flood was
  considerable or not.  On his walk he observed the girls from a long
  distance, though they had been so occupied with their difficulties of
  passage as not to notice him.  He knew that the water had risen at
  that spot, and that it would quite check their progress.  So he had
  hastened on, with a dim idea of how he could help them--one of them
  in particular.
  
  The rosy-cheeked, bright-eyed quartet looked so charming in their
  light summer attire, clinging to the roadside bank like pigeons on a
  roof-slope, that he stopped a moment to regard them before coming
  close.  Their gauzy skirts had brushed up from the grass innumerable
  flies and butterflies which, unable to escape, remained caged in
  the transparent tissue as in an aviary.  Angel's eye at last fell
  upon Tess, the hindmost of the four; she, being full of suppressed
  laughter at their dilemma, could not help meeting his glance
  radiantly.
  
  He came beneath them in the water, which did not rise over his long
  boots; and stood looking at the entrapped flies and butterflies.
  
  "Are you trying to get to church?" he said to Marian, who was in
  front, including the next two in his remark, but avoiding Tess.
  
  "Yes, sir; and 'tis getting late; and my colour do come up so--"
  
  "I'll carry you through the pool--every Jill of you."
  
  The whole four flushed as if one heart beat through them.
  
  "I think you can't, sir," said Marian.
  
  "It is the only way for you to get past.  Stand still.  Nonsense--you
  are not too heavy!  I'd carry you all four together.  Now, Marian,
  attend," he continued, "and put your arms round my shoulders, so.
  Now!  Hold on. That's well done."
  
  Marian had lowered herself upon his arm and shoulder as directed, and
  Angel strode off with her, his slim figure, as viewed from behind,
  looking like the mere stem to the great nosegay suggested by hers.
  They disappeared round the curve of the road, and only his sousing
  footsteps and the top ribbon of Marian's bonnet told where they were.
  In a few minutes he reappeared.  Izz Huett was the next in order upon
  the bank.
  
  "Here he comes," she murmured, and they could hear that her lips were
  dry with emotion.  "And I have to put my arms round his neck and look
  into his face as Marian did."
  
  "There's nothing in that," said Tess quickly.
  
  "There's a time for everything," continued Izz, unheeding.  "A time
  to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; the first is now
  going to be mine."
  
  "Fie--it is Scripture, Izz!"
  
  "Yes," said Izz, "I've always a' ear at church for pretty verses."
  
  Angel Clare, to whom three-quarters of this performance was a
  commonplace act of kindness, now approached Izz.  She quietly and
  dreamily lowered herself into his arms, and Angel methodically
  marched off with her.  When he was heard returning for the third time
  Retty's throbbing heart could be almost seen to shake her.  He went
  up to the red-haired girl, and while he was seizing her he glanced at
  Tess.  His lips could not have pronounced more plainly, "It will soon
  be you and I."  Her comprehension appeared in her face; she could not
  help it.  There was an understanding between them.
  
  Poor little Retty, though by far the lightest weight, was the most
  troublesome of Clare's burdens.  Marian had been like a sack of meal,
  a dead weight of plumpness under which he has literally staggered.
  Izz had ridden sensibly and calmly.  Retty was a bunch of hysterics.
  
  However, he got through with the disquieted creature, deposited her,
  and returned.  Tess could see over the hedge the distant three in a
  group, standing as he had placed them on the next rising ground.  It
  was now her turn.  She was embarrassed to discover that excitement at
  the proximity of Mr Clare's breath and eyes, which she had contemned
  in her companions, was intensified in herself; and as if fearful of
  betraying her secret, she paltered with him at the last moment.
  
  "I may be able to clim' along the bank perhaps--I can clim' better
  than they.  You must be so tired, Mr Clare!"
  
  "No, no, Tess," said he quickly.  And almost before she was aware,
  she was seated in his arms and resting against his shoulder.
  
  "Three Leahs to get one Rachel," he whispered.
  
  "They are better women than I," she replied, magnanimously sticking
  to her resolve.
  
  "Not to me," said Angel.
  
  He saw her grow warm at this; and they went some steps in silence.
  
  "I hope I am not too heavy?" she said timidly.
  
  "O no.  You should lift Marian!  Such a lump.  You are like an
  undulating billow warmed by the sun.  And all this fluff of muslin
  about you is the froth."
  
  "It is very pretty--if I seem like that to you."
  
  "Do you know that I have undergone three-quarters of this labour
  entirely for the sake of the fourth quarter?"
  
  "No."
  
  "I did not expect such an event to-day."
  
  "Nor I...  The water came up so sudden."
  
  That the rise in the water was what she understood him to refer to,
  the state of breathing belied.  Clare stood still and inclinced his
  face towards hers.
  
  "O Tessy!" he exclaimed.
  
  The girl's cheeks burned to the breeze, and she could not look into
  his eyes for her emotion.  It reminded Angel that he was somewhat
  unfairly taking advantage of an accidental position; and he went no
  further with it.  No definite words of love had crossed their lips
  as yet, and suspension at this point was desirable now. However,
  he walked slowly, to make the remainder of the distance as long as
  possible; but at last they came to the bend, and the rest of their
  progress was in full view of the other three.  The dry land was
  reached, and he set her down.
  
  Her friends were looking with round thoughtful eyes at her and him,
  and she could see that they had been talking of her.  He hastily bade
  them farewell, and splashed back along the stretch of submerged road.
  
  The four moved on together as before, till Marian broke the silence
  by saying--
  
  "No--in all truth; we have no chance against her!"  She looked
  joylessly at Tess.
  
  "What do you mean?" asked the latter.
  
  "He likes 'ee best--the very best!  We could see it as he brought
  'ee.  He would have kissed 'ee, if you had encouraged him to do it,
  ever so little."
  
  "No, no," said she.
  
  The gaiety with which they had set out had somehow vanished; and
  yet there was no enmity or malice between them.  They were generous
  young souls; they had been reared in the lonely country nooks where
  fatalism is a strong sentiment, and they did not blame her.  Such
  supplanting was to be.
  
  Tess's heart ached.  There was no concealing from herself the fact
  that she loved Angel Clare, perhaps all the more passionately from
  knowing that the others had also lost their hearts to him.  There is
  contagion in this sentiment, especially among women.  And yet that
  same hungry nature had fought against this, but too feebly, and the
  natural result had followed.
  
  "I will never stand in your way, nor in the way of either of you!"
  she declared to Retty that night in the bedroom (her tears running
  down).  "I can't help this, my dear!  I don't think marrying is in
  his mind at all; but if he were ever to ask me I should refuse him,
  as I should refuse any man."
  
  "Oh! would you?  Why?" said wondering Retty.
  
  "It cannot be!  But I will be plain.  Putting myself quite on one
  side, I don't think he will choose either of you."
  
  "I have never expected it--thought of it!" moaned Retty.  "But O! I
  wish I was dead!"
  
  The poor child, torn by a feeling which she hardly understood, turned
  to the other two girls who came upstairs just then.
  
  "We be friends with her again," she said to them.  "She thinks no
  more of his choosing her than we do."
  
  So the reserve went off, and they were confiding and warm.
  
  "I don't seem to care what I do now," said Marian, whose mood was
  turned to its lowest bass.  "I was going to marry a dairyman at
  Stickleford, who's asked me twice; but--my soul--I would put an end
  to myself rather'n be his wife now!  Why don't ye speak, Izz?"
  
  "To confess, then," murmured Izz, "I made sure to-day that he was
  going to kiss me as he held me; and I lay still against his breast,
  hoping and hoping, and never moved at all.  But he did not.  I don't
  like biding here at Talbothays any longer!  I shall go hwome."
  
  The air of the sleeping-chamber seemed to palpitate with the
  hopeless passion of the girls.  They writhed feverishly under the
  oppressiveness of an emotion thrust on them by cruel Nature's law--an
  emotion which they had neither expected nor desired.  The incident
  of the day had fanned the flame that was burning the inside of their
  hearts out, and the torture was almost more than they could endure.
  The differences which distinguished them as individuals were
  abstracted by this passion, and each was but portion of one organism
  called sex.  There was so much frankness and so little jealousy
  because there was no hope.  Each one was a girl of fair common sense,
  and she did not delude herself with any vain conceits, or deny her
  love, or give herself airs, in the idea of outshining the others.
  The full recognition of the futility of their infatuation, from a
  social point of view; its purposeless beginning; its self-bounded
  outlook; its lack of everything to justify its existence in the eye
  of civilization (while lacking nothing in the eye of Nature); the one
  fact that it did exist, ecstasizing them to a killing joy--all this
  imparted to them a resignation, a dignity, which a practical and
  sordid expectation of winning him as a husband would have destroyed.
  
  They tossed and turned on their little beds, and the cheese-wring
  dripped monotonously downstairs.
  
  "B' you awake, Tess?" whispered one, half-an-hour later.
  
  It was Izz Huett's voice.
  
  Tess replied in the affirmative, whereupon also Retty and Marian
  suddenly flung the bedclothes off them, and sighed--
  
  "So be we!"
  
  "I wonder what she is like--the lady they say his family have looked
  out for him!"
  
  "I wonder," said Izz.
  
  "Some lady looked out for him?" gasped Tess, starting.  "I have never
  heard o' that!"
  
  "O yes--'tis whispered; a young lady of his own rank, chosen by his
  family; a Doctor of Divinity's daughter near his father's parish of
  Emminster; he don't much care for her, they say.  But he is sure to
  marry her."
  
  They had heard so very little of this; yet it was enough to build up
  wretched dolorous dreams upon, there in the shade of the night.  They
  pictured all the details of his being won round to consent, of the
  wedding preparations, of the bride's happiness, of her dress and
  veil, of her blissful home with him, when oblivion would have fallen
  upon themselves as far as he and their love were concerned.  Thus
  they talked, and ached, and wept till sleep charmed their sorrow
  away.
  
  After this disclosure Tess nourished no further foolish thought that
  there lurked any grave and deliberate import in Clare's attentions
  to her.  It was a passing summer love of her face, for love's own
  temporary sake--nothing more. And the thorny crown of this sad
  conception was that she whom he really did prefer in a cursory way
  to the rest, she who knew herself to be more impassioned in nature,
  cleverer, more beautiful than they, was in the eyes of propriety far
  less worthy of him than the homelier ones whom he ignored.
  
  
  
feat_summary_name: Chapter 23
target: On Sunday, after milking the milkers travel to church in the rain. The lane leading from the parish has been flooded. While they cling to the bank, the girls find Angel Clare advancing toward them through the water. Angel asks the girls, avoiding Tess, whether they are going to church, and he vows to carry them through the flooded area. Tess is the final one to be carried, and she refuses, thinking that he must be so tired. Angel tells her that he carried the other girls so that he may get the opportunity to carry Tess. On the way to church, Marian remarks that the other girls have no chance against Tess, for Angel would have kissed her if she had encouraged him. Tess's heart aches, for there is no concealing the fact that she loves Angel Clare. That night, she vows that she will never stand in the way of Retty or the other girls. Izz tells Tess that a young lady of Angel's rank who supports him will marry Angel. After this disclosure Tess nourishes no further foolish thought that there lurks a grave import in Clare's attention to her, thinking that the love is a passing summer love for her face.
feat_summary_analysis: Tess continues to resist Angel Clare's advances in this chapter, although his declaration of affection for her is entirely without reproach. However, even if Angel behaves quite nobly to Tess and the other girls, even carrying them across flooded terrain and refraining from kissing Tess when he has the opportunity, he remains persistent. There is a great deal of inevitability concerning the romance between Angel and Tess; she cannot hide that she loves Angel, yet believes that his affection for her is only passing. Nevertheless, there is overwhelming evidence to the contrary; Tess's belief that Angel only has a temporary affection for her is based not on Angel's behavior but instead on her own anxieties and experience with Alec, which has taught her of the inconstancy of men's affections. The test of whether or not Tess will declare her love for Angel is not whether Angel loves her, but rather whether Tess may accept his love