feat_summary_path: finished_summaries/cliffnotes/Far from the Madding Crowd/section_34_part_0.txt
feat_book_id: Far from the Madding Crowd.chapter 35
feat_summary_id: chapter 35
feat_summary: {"name": "Chapter 35", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201101052914/https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/f/far-from-the-madding-crowd/summary-and-analysis/chapter-35", "summary": "Very early the next morning, Gabriel and Coggan were in the fields. They heard an upper casement window being opened. Troy leaned out. \"She has married him!\" said Coggan. As Gabriel failed to reply, Coggan, glancing at the averted face, said, \"Good heavens above us, Oak, how white your face is; you look like a corpse!\" The two men stood near the stile, \"Gabriel listlessly staring at the ground. His mind sped into the future, and saw there enacted in years of leisure the scenes of repentance that would ensue from this work of haste.\" He mused over the reasons for all the mystery. Had Bathsheba somehow been entrapped? As the men turned toward the house, Troy hailed them. Coggan replied and, after some urging, so did Oak. Troy commented on the gloom of the house, suggesting modernization. Gabriel defended it for its traditions. Troy preferred comfort. After this discussion, Troy suddenly asked Coggan whether there was any insanity in Boldwood's family. Coggan seemed vaguely to remember an old, disturbed uncle. Troy dismissed this information and announced his intention of being out in the fields after a few days. Then he threw them a half-crown so that they might drink to his health. Gabriel was angry, but Coggan caught the coin and urged Gabriel to restrain himself, for he was certain that Troy would buy his discharge from the army and become master of the farm. \"Therefore 'tis well to say 'Friend' outwardly, though you say 'Troublehouse' within.\" Boldwood appeared, reminding Coggan of Troy's inquiry. \"Gabriel, for a minute, rose above his own grief in noticing Boldwood's. . . . The clash of discord between mood and matter here was forced painfully home to the heart; and, as in laughter there are more dreadful phases than in tears, so was there in the steadiness of this agonized man an expression deeper than a cry.\"", "analysis": "Observe how quickly Troy takes over the reins. The reactions of Coggan and Oak are typical: Gabriel needs time for self-control, but Coggan seeks to serve his own interests by serving his new master. The stern pose of Boldwood after his earlier outbursts seems to indicate that he is trying to suppress his true feelings. Hardy's keen observation of many types of people manifests itself in the small but telling gestures, poses, and expressions of all the characters."}
text: 
  
  AT AN UPPER WINDOW
  
  
  It was very early the next morning--a time of sun and dew.  The
  confused beginnings of many birds' songs spread into the healthy air,
  and the wan blue of the heaven was here and there coated with thin
  webs of incorporeal cloud which were of no effect in obscuring day.
  All the lights in the scene were yellow as to colour, and all the
  shadows were attenuated as to form.  The creeping plants about the
  old manor-house were bowed with rows of heavy water drops, which
  had upon objects behind them the effect of minute lenses of high
  magnifying power.
  
  Just before the clock struck five Gabriel Oak and Coggan passed the
  village cross, and went on together to the fields.  They were yet
  barely in view of their mistress's house, when Oak fancied he saw the
  opening of a casement in one of the upper windows.  The two men were
  at this moment partially screened by an elder bush, now beginning
  to be enriched with black bunches of fruit, and they paused before
  emerging from its shade.
  
  A handsome man leaned idly from the lattice.  He looked east and then
  west, in the manner of one who makes a first morning survey.  The
  man was Sergeant Troy.  His red jacket was loosely thrown on, but
  not buttoned, and he had altogether the relaxed bearing of a soldier
  taking his ease.
  
  Coggan spoke first, looking quietly at the window.
  
  "She has married him!" he said.
  
  Gabriel had previously beheld the sight, and he now stood with his
  back turned, making no reply.
  
  "I fancied we should know something to-day," continued Coggan.  "I
  heard wheels pass my door just after dark--you were out somewhere."
  He glanced round upon Gabriel.  "Good heavens above us, Oak, how
  white your face is; you look like a corpse!"
  
  "Do I?" said Oak, with a faint smile.
  
  "Lean on the gate: I'll wait a bit."
  
  "All right, all right."
  
  They stood by the gate awhile, Gabriel listlessly staring at the
  ground.  His mind sped into the future, and saw there enacted in
  years of leisure the scenes of repentance that would ensue from this
  work of haste.  That they were married he had instantly decided.  Why
  had it been so mysteriously managed?  It had become known that she
  had had a fearful journey to Bath, owing to her miscalculating the
  distance: that the horse had broken down, and that she had been more
  than two days getting there.  It was not Bathsheba's way to do things
  furtively.  With all her faults, she was candour itself.  Could she
  have been entrapped?  The union was not only an unutterable grief to
  him: it amazed him, notwithstanding that he had passed the preceding
  week in a suspicion that such might be the issue of Troy's meeting
  her away from home.  Her quiet return with Liddy had to some extent
  dispersed the dread.  Just as that imperceptible motion which appears
  like stillness is infinitely divided in its properties from stillness
  itself, so had his hope undistinguishable from despair differed from
  despair indeed.
  
  In a few minutes they moved on again towards the house.  The sergeant
  still looked from the window.
  
  "Morning, comrades!" he shouted, in a cheery voice, when they came
  up.
  
  Coggan replied to the greeting.  "Bain't ye going to answer the man?"
  he then said to Gabriel.  "I'd say good morning--you needn't spend a
  hapenny of meaning upon it, and yet keep the man civil."
  
  Gabriel soon decided too that, since the deed was done, to put the
  best face upon the matter would be the greatest kindness to her he
  loved.
  
  "Good morning, Sergeant Troy," he returned, in a ghastly voice.
  
  "A rambling, gloomy house this," said Troy, smiling.
  
  "Why--they MAY not be married!" suggested Coggan.  "Perhaps she's not
  there."
  
  Gabriel shook his head.  The soldier turned a little towards the
  east, and the sun kindled his scarlet coat to an orange glow.
  
  "But it is a nice old house," responded Gabriel.
  
  "Yes--I suppose so; but I feel like new wine in an old bottle here.
  My notion is that sash-windows should be put throughout, and these
  old wainscoted walls brightened up a bit; or the oak cleared quite
  away, and the walls papered."
  
  "It would be a pity, I think."
  
  "Well, no.  A philosopher once said in my hearing that the old
  builders, who worked when art was a living thing, had no respect
  for the work of builders who went before them, but pulled down and
  altered as they thought fit; and why shouldn't we?  'Creation and
  preservation don't do well together,' says he, 'and a million of
  antiquarians can't invent a style.' My mind exactly.  I am for making
  this place more modern, that we may be cheerful whilst we can."
  
  The military man turned and surveyed the interior of the room, to
  assist his ideas of improvement in this direction.  Gabriel and
  Coggan began to move on.
  
  "Oh, Coggan," said Troy, as if inspired by a recollection "do you
  know if insanity has ever appeared in Mr. Boldwood's family?"
  
  Jan reflected for a moment.
  
  "I once heard that an uncle of his was queer in his head, but I don't
  know the rights o't," he said.
  
  "It is of no importance," said Troy, lightly.  "Well, I shall be down
  in the fields with you some time this week; but I have a few matters
  to attend to first.  So good-day to you.  We shall, of course, keep
  on just as friendly terms as usual.  I'm not a proud man: nobody is
  ever able to say that of Sergeant Troy.  However, what is must be,
  and here's half-a-crown to drink my health, men."
  
  Troy threw the coin dexterously across the front plot and over the
  fence towards Gabriel, who shunned it in its fall, his face turning
  to an angry red.  Coggan twirled his eye, edged forward, and caught
  the money in its ricochet upon the road.
  
  "Very well--you keep it, Coggan," said Gabriel with disdain and
  almost fiercely.  "As for me, I'll do without gifts from him!"
  
  "Don't show it too much," said Coggan, musingly.  "For if he's
  married to her, mark my words, he'll buy his discharge and be our
  master here.  Therefore 'tis well to say 'Friend' outwardly, though
  you say 'Troublehouse' within."
  
  "Well--perhaps it is best to be silent; but I can't go further than
  that.  I can't flatter, and if my place here is only to be kept by
  smoothing him down, my place must be lost."
  
  A horseman, whom they had for some time seen in the distance, now
  appeared close beside them.
  
  "There's Mr. Boldwood," said Oak.  "I wonder what Troy meant by his
  question."
  
  Coggan and Oak nodded respectfully to the farmer, just checked their
  paces to discover if they were wanted, and finding they were not
  stood back to let him pass on.
  
  The only signs of the terrible sorrow Boldwood had been combating
  through the night, and was combating now, were the want of colour
  in his well-defined face, the enlarged appearance of the veins in
  his forehead and temples, and the sharper lines about his mouth.
  The horse bore him away, and the very step of the animal seemed
  significant of dogged despair.  Gabriel, for a minute, rose above his
  own grief in noticing Boldwood's.  He saw the square figure sitting
  erect upon the horse, the head turned to neither side, the elbows
  steady by the hips, the brim of the hat level and undisturbed in
  its onward glide, until the keen edges of Boldwood's shape sank by
  degrees over the hill.  To one who knew the man and his story there
  was something more striking in this immobility than in a collapse.
  The clash of discord between mood and matter here was forced
  painfully home to the heart; and, as in laughter there are more
  dreadful phases than in tears, so was there in the steadiness of
  this agonized man an expression deeper than a cry.
  
  
  
  
feat_summary_name: Chapter 35
target: Very early the next morning, Gabriel and Coggan were in the fields. They heard an upper casement window being opened. Troy leaned out. "She has married him!" said Coggan. As Gabriel failed to reply, Coggan, glancing at the averted face, said, "Good heavens above us, Oak, how white your face is; you look like a corpse!" The two men stood near the stile, "Gabriel listlessly staring at the ground. His mind sped into the future, and saw there enacted in years of leisure the scenes of repentance that would ensue from this work of haste." He mused over the reasons for all the mystery. Had Bathsheba somehow been entrapped? As the men turned toward the house, Troy hailed them. Coggan replied and, after some urging, so did Oak. Troy commented on the gloom of the house, suggesting modernization. Gabriel defended it for its traditions. Troy preferred comfort. After this discussion, Troy suddenly asked Coggan whether there was any insanity in Boldwood's family. Coggan seemed vaguely to remember an old, disturbed uncle. Troy dismissed this information and announced his intention of being out in the fields after a few days. Then he threw them a half-crown so that they might drink to his health. Gabriel was angry, but Coggan caught the coin and urged Gabriel to restrain himself, for he was certain that Troy would buy his discharge from the army and become master of the farm. "Therefore 'tis well to say 'Friend' outwardly, though you say 'Troublehouse' within." Boldwood appeared, reminding Coggan of Troy's inquiry. "Gabriel, for a minute, rose above his own grief in noticing Boldwood's. . . . The clash of discord between mood and matter here was forced painfully home to the heart; and, as in laughter there are more dreadful phases than in tears, so was there in the steadiness of this agonized man an expression deeper than a cry."
feat_summary_analysis: Observe how quickly Troy takes over the reins. The reactions of Coggan and Oak are typical: Gabriel needs time for self-control, but Coggan seeks to serve his own interests by serving his new master. The stern pose of Boldwood after his earlier outbursts seems to indicate that he is trying to suppress his true feelings. Hardy's keen observation of many types of people manifests itself in the small but telling gestures, poses, and expressions of all the characters.