type: attack-pattern
spec_version: 2.1
id: attack-pattern--0dbf5f1b-a560-4d51-ac1b-d70caab3e1f0
created: 2018-01-16T16:13:52.465Z
created_by_ref: identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
revoked: yes
external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1171
external_id: T1171
source_name: Wikipedia LLMNR
description: Wikipedia. (2016, July 7). Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-Local_Multicast_Name_Resolution
source_name: TechNet NetBIOS
description: Microsoft. (n.d.). NetBIOS Name Resolution. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://technet.microsoft.com/library/cc958811.aspx
source_name: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying
description: Salvati, M. (2017, June 2). Practical guide to NTLM Relaying in 2017 (A.K.A getting a foothold in under 5 minutes). Retrieved February 7, 2019.
url: https://byt3bl33d3r.github.io/practical-guide-to-ntlm-relaying-in-2017-aka-getting-a-foothold-in-under-5-minutes.html
source_name: Secure Ideas SMB Relay
description: Kuehn, E. (2018, April 11). Ever Run a Relay? Why SMB Relays Should Be On Your Mind. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
url: https://blog.secureideas.com/2018/04/ever-run-a-relay-why-smb-relays-should-be-on-your-mind.html
source_name: GitHub NBNSpoof
description: Nomex. (2014, February 7). NBNSpoof. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://github.com/nomex/nbnspoof
source_name: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer
description: Francois, R. (n.d.). LLMNR Spoofer. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/spoof/llmnr/llmnr_response
source_name: GitHub Responder
description: Gaffie, L. (2016, August 25). Responder. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/Responder
source_name: Sternsecurity LLMNR-NBTNS
description: Sternstein, J. (2013, November). Local Network Attacks: LLMNR and NBT-NS Poisoning. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://www.sternsecurity.com/blog/local-network-attacks-llmnr-and-nbt-ns-poisoning
source_name: GitHub Conveigh
description: Robertson, K. (2016, August 28). Conveigh. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
url: https://github.com/Kevin-Robertson/Conveigh
object_marking_refs: marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168
modified: 2025-10-24T17:48:23.748Z
name: LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay
description: Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other hosts. NBT-NS identifies systems on a local network by their NetBIOS name. (Citation: Wikipedia LLMNR) (Citation: TechNet NetBIOS)

Adversaries can spoof an authoritative source for name resolution on a victim network by responding to LLMNR (UDP 5355)/NBT-NS (UDP 137) traffic as if they know the identity of the requested host, effectively poisoning the service so that the victims will communicate with the adversary controlled system. If the requested host belongs to a resource that requires identification/authentication, the username and NTLMv2 hash will then be sent to the adversary controlled system. The adversary can then collect the hash information sent over the wire through tools that monitor the ports for traffic or through [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) and crack the hashes offline through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110) to obtain the plaintext passwords. In some cases where an adversary has access to a system that is in the authentication path between systems or when automated scans that use credentials attempt to authenticate to an adversary controlled system, the NTLMv2 hashes can be intercepted and relayed to access and execute code against a target system. The relay step can happen in conjunction with poisoning but may also be independent of it. (Citation: byt3bl33d3r NTLM Relaying)(Citation: Secure Ideas SMB Relay)

Several tools exist that can be used to poison name services within local networks such as NBNSpoof, Metasploit, and [Responder](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0174). (Citation: GitHub NBNSpoof) (Citation: Rapid7 LLMNR Spoofer) (Citation: GitHub Responder)
kill_chain_phases: kill_chain_name: mitre-attack
phase_name: credential-access
x_mitre_attack_spec_version: 3.2.0
x_mitre_contributors: Eric Kuehn, Secure Ideas
Matthew Demaske, Adaptforward
x_mitre_deprecated: no
x_mitre_domains: enterprise-attack
x_mitre_is_subtechnique: no
x_mitre_modified_by_ref: identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
x_mitre_platforms: Windows
x_mitre_version: 2.1