auren-research/cyber-sec huggingface dataset:
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id: course-of-action--00d7d21b-69d6-4797-88a2-c86f3fc97651
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1174
external_id: T1174
source_name: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d
description: Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
url: https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms721766.aspx
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:39.912Z
name: Password Filter DLL Mitigation
description: Ensure only valid password filters are registered. Filter DLLs must be present in Windows installation directory (C:\Windows\System32\ by default) of a domain controller and/or local computer with a corresponding entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\Notification Packages. (Citation: Microsoft Install Password Filter n.d)
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url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1151
external_id: T1151
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:40.127Z
name: Space after Filename Mitigation
description: Prevent files from having a trailing space after the extension.
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id: course-of-action--03c0c586-50ed-45a7-95f4-f496d7eb5330
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1148
external_id: T1148
source_name: Securing bash history
description: Mathew Branwell. (2012, March 21). Securing .bash_history file. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
url: http://www.akyl.net/securing-bashhistory-file-make-sure-your-linux-system-users-won%E2%80%99t-hide-or-delete-their-bashhistory
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:40.291Z
name: HISTCONTROL Mitigation
description: Prevent users from changing the HISTCONTROL environment variable (Citation: Securing bash history). Also, make sure that the HISTCONTROL environment variable is set to “ignoredup” instead of “ignoreboth” or “ignorespace”.
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url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1081
external_id: T1081
source_name: Microsoft MS14-025
description: Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
url: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2962486
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:40.502Z
name: Credentials in Files Mitigation
description: Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files. Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers. Preemptively search for files containing passwords and remove when found. Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users. Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences. (Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)
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id: course-of-action--06160d81-62be-46e5-aa37-4b9c645ffa31
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1212
external_id: T1212
source_name: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape
description: Goodin, D. (2017, March 17). Virtual machine escape fetches $105,000 at Pwn2Own hacking contest - updated. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
url: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/03/hack-that-escapes-vm-by-exploiting-edge-browser-fetches-105000-at-pwn2own/
source_name: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET
description: Nunez, N. (2017, August 9). Moving Beyond EMET II – Windows Defender Exploit Guard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
url: https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/srd/2017/08/09/moving-beyond-emet-ii-windows-defender-exploit-guard/
source_name: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity
description: Wikipedia. (2018, January 11). Control-flow integrity. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:40.671Z
name: Exploitation for Credential Access Mitigation
description: Update software regularly by employing patch management for internal enterprise endpoints and servers. Develop a robust cyber threat intelligence capability to determine what types and levels of threat may use software exploits and 0-days against a particular organization. Make it difficult for adversaries to advance their operation through exploitation of undiscovered or unpatched vulnerabilities by using sandboxing, if available. Other types of virtualization and application microsegmentation may also mitigate the impact of some types of exploitation. The risks of additional exploits and weaknesses in implementation may still exist. (Citation: Ars Technica Pwn2Own 2017 VM Escape)

Security applications that look for behavior used during exploitation such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG) and the Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) can be used to mitigate some exploitation behavior. (Citation: TechNet Moving Beyond EMET) Control flow integrity checking is another way to potentially identify and stop a software exploit from occurring. (Citation: Wikipedia Control Flow Integrity) Many of these protections depend on the architecture and target application binary for compatibility and may not work for software targeted for defense evasion.
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--0640214c-95af-4c04-a574-2a1ba6dda00b
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1012
external_id: T1012
source_name: Beechey 2010
description: Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
url: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599
source_name: Windows Commands JPCERT
description: Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
url: http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html
source_name: NSA MS AppLocker
description: NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
url: https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm
source_name: Corio 2008
description: Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
url: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx
source_name: TechNet Applocker vs SRP
description: Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:40.840Z
name: Query Registry Mitigation
description: Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information within the Registry, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--06824aa2-94a5-474c-97f6-57c2e983d885
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1162
external_id: T1162
source_name: Re-Open windows on Mac
description: Apple. (2016, December 6). Automatically re-open windows, apps, and documents on your Mac. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
url: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204005
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:41.043Z
name: Login Item Mitigation
description: Restrict users from being able to create their own login items. Additionally, holding the shift key during login prevents apps from opening automatically (Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac).
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--073cc04d-ac46-4f5a-85d7-83a91ecd6a19
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1166
external_id: T1166
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:41.210Z
name: Setuid and Setgid Mitigation
description: Applications with known vulnerabilities or known shell escapes should not have the setuid or setgid bits set to reduce potential damage if an application is compromised. Additionally, the number of programs with setuid or setgid bits set should be minimized across a system.
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--08e02f67-ea09-4f77-a70b-414963c29fc2
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1223
external_id: T1223
source_name: PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016
description: Kiwi. (2016, April 6). Breakout Recap: Cybersecurity Best Practices Part 1 - Preventing Opportunistic Attacks. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
url: https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/Ignite-2016-Blog/Breakout-Recap-Cybersecurity-Best-Practices-Part-1-Preventing/ba-p/75913
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:41.389Z
name: Compiled HTML File Mitigation
description: Consider blocking download/transfer and execution of potentially uncommon file types known to be used in adversary campaigns, such as CHM files. (Citation: PaloAlto Preventing Opportunistic Attacks Apr 2016) Also consider using application whitelisting to prevent execution of hh.exe if it is not required for a given system or network to prevent potential misuse by adversaries.
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type: course-of-action
spec_version: 2.1
id: course-of-action--0b3ee33e-430b-476f-9525-72d120c90f8d
created: 2019-03-14T20:17:16.234Z
created_by_ref: identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1488
external_id: T1488
source_name: Ready.gov IT DRP
description: Ready.gov. (n.d.). IT Disaster Recovery Plan. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
url: https://www.ready.gov/business/implementation/IT
source_name: Beechey 2010
description: Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
url: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599
source_name: Windows Commands JPCERT
description: Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
url: https://blogs.jpcert.or.jp/en/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html
source_name: NSA MS AppLocker
description: NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
url: https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm
source_name: Corio 2008
description: Corio, C., & Sayana, D. P. (2008, June). Application Lockdown with Software Restriction Policies. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
url: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.06.srp.aspx
source_name: TechNet Applocker vs SRP
description: Microsoft. (2012, June 27). Using Software Restriction Policies and AppLocker Policies. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
url: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee791851.aspx
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:41.583Z
name: Data Destruction Mitigation
description: Consider implementing IT disaster recovery plans that contain procedures for taking regular data backups that can be used to restore organizational data.(Citation: Ready.gov IT DRP) Ensure backups are stored off system and is protected from common methods adversaries may use to gain access and destroy the backups to prevent recovery.

Identify potentially malicious software and audit and/or block it by using whitelisting(Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker,(Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT)(Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies(Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate.(Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--0bc3ce00-83bc-4a92-a042-79ffbc6af259
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1084
external_id: T1084
source_name: FireEye WMI 2015
description: Ballenthin, W., et al. (2015). Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) Offense, Defense, and Forensics. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
url: https://www.fireeye.com/content/dam/fireeye-www/global/en/current-threats/pdfs/wp-windows-management-instrumentation.pdf
object_marking_refs: marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168
modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:41.767Z
name: Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription Mitigation
description: Disabling WMI services may cause system instability and should be evaluated to assess the impact to a network. By default, only administrators are allowed to connect remotely using WMI; restrict other users that are allowed to connect, or disallow all users from connecting remotely to WMI. Prevent credential overlap across systems of administrator and privileged accounts. (Citation: FireEye WMI 2015)
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--10571bf2-8073-4edf-a71c-23bad225532e
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1103
external_id: T1103
source_name: Beechey 2010
description: Beechey, J. (2010, December). Application Whitelisting: Panacea or Propaganda?. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
url: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/application/application-whitelisting-panacea-propaganda-33599
source_name: Windows Commands JPCERT
description: Tomonaga, S. (2016, January 26). Windows Commands Abused by Attackers. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
url: http://blog.jpcert.or.jp/2016/01/windows-commands-abused-by-attackers.html
source_name: NSA MS AppLocker
description: NSA Information Assurance Directorate. (2014, August). Application Whitelisting Using Microsoft AppLocker. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
url: https://apps.nsa.gov/iaarchive/library/ia-guidance/tech-briefs/application-whitelisting-using-microsoft-applocker.cfm
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:42.128Z
name: AppInit DLLs Mitigation
description: Upgrade to Windows 8 or later and enable secure boot.

Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be executed through AppInit DLLs by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) that are capable of auditing and/or blocking unknown DLLs.
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type: course-of-action
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id: course-of-action--121b2863-5b97-4538-acb3-f8aae070ec13
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1159
external_id: T1159
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:42.298Z
name: Launch Agent Mitigation
description: Restrict user's abilities to create Launch Agents with group policy.
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modified: 2024-10-17T18:54:36.723Z
name: Network Intrusion Prevention
description: Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.
x_mitre_deprecated: no
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x_mitre_version: 1.0
type: course-of-action
spec_version: 2.1
id: course-of-action--12241367-a8b7-49b4-b86e-2236901ba50c
created: 2019-06-10T20:46:02.263Z
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revoked: no
external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/M1031
external_id: M1031
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id: course-of-action--12c13879-b7bd-4bc5-8def-aacec386d432
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1117
external_id: T1117
source_name: Secure Host Baseline EMET
description: National Security Agency. (2016, May 4). Secure Host Baseline EMET. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
url: https://github.com/iadgov/Secure-Host-Baseline/tree/master/EMET
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:42.490Z
name: Regsvr32 Mitigation
description: Microsoft's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit (EMET) Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) feature can be used to block regsvr32.exe from being used to bypass whitelisting. (Citation: Secure Host Baseline EMET)
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id: course-of-action--12cba7de-0a22-4a56-b51e-c514c67c3b43
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
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external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1147
external_id: T1147
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modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:42.668Z
name: Hidden Users Mitigation
description: If the computer is domain joined, then group policy can help restrict the ability to create or hide users. Similarly, preventing the modification of the /Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow Hide500Users value will force all users to be visible.
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type: course-of-action
spec_version: 2.1
id: course-of-action--13cad982-35e3-4340-9095-7124b653df4b
created: 2018-10-17T00:14:20.652Z
created_by_ref: identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
external_references: source_name: mitre-attack
url: https://attack.mitre.org/mitigations/T1213
external_id: T1213
object_marking_refs: marking-definition--fa42a846-8d90-4e51-bc29-71d5b4802168
modified: 2025-04-18T17:59:42.836Z
name: Data from Information Repositories Mitigation
description: To mitigate adversary access to information repositories for collection:

* Develop and publish policies that define acceptable information to be stored
* Appropriate implementation of access control mechanisms that include both authentication and appropriate authorization
* Enforce the principle of least-privilege
* Periodic privilege review of accounts
* Mitigate access to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that may be used to access repositories
x_mitre_modified_by_ref: identity--c78cb6e5-0c4b-4611-8297-d1b8b55e40b5
x_mitre_deprecated: yes
x_mitre_domains: enterprise-attack
x_mitre_version: 1.0
x_mitre_attack_spec_version: 3.2.0