Given the following code containing errors, provide Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers and corresponding messages in JSON format. Each identified weakness should have a unique entry in the JSON array.
    Code: void runtest(int n, char const* filename1, char const* arg2)
{
    // Most tests here are crafted to work on specific files.  Look at
    // the test suite to see how the test is invoked to find the file
    // that the test is supposed to operate on.

    if (n == 0)
    {
        // Throw in some random test cases that don't fit anywhere
        // else.  This is in addition to whatever else is going on in
        // test 0.

        // The code to trim user passwords looks for 0x28 (which is
        // "(") since it marks the beginning of the padding.  Exercise
        // the code to make sure it skips over 0x28 characters that
        // aren't part of padding.
        std::string password(
            "1234567890123456789012(45678\x28\xbf\x4e\x5e");
        assert(password.length() == 32);
        QPDF::trim_user_password(password);
        assert(password == "1234567890123456789012(45678");

        QPDFObjectHandle uninitialized;
        assert(uninitialized.getTypeCode() == QPDFObject::ot_uninitialized);
        assert(strcmp(uninitialized.getTypeName(), "uninitialized") == 0);
    }

    QPDF pdf;
    PointerHolder<char> file_buf;
    FILE* filep = 0;
    if (n == 0)
    {
	pdf.setAttemptRecovery(false);
    }
    if (((n == 35) || (n == 36)) && (arg2 != 0))
    {
        // arg2 is password
	pdf.processFile(filename1, arg2);
    }
    else if (n == 45)
    {
        // Decode obfuscated files. To obfuscated, run the input file
        // through this perl script, and save the result to
        // filename.obfuscated. This pretends that the input was
        // called filename.pdf and that that file contained the
        // deobfuscated version.

        // undef $/;
        // my @str = split('', <STDIN>);
        // for (my $i = 0; $i < scalar(@str); ++$i)
        // {
        //     $str[$i] = chr(ord($str[$i]) ^ 0xcc);
        // }
        // print(join('', @str));

        std::string filename(std::string(filename1) + ".obfuscated");
        size_t size = 0;
        read_file_into_memory(filename.c_str(), file_buf, size);
        char* p = file_buf.getPointer();
        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        {
            p[i] ^= 0xcc;
        }
	pdf.processMemoryFile((std::string(filename1) + ".pdf").c_str(),
                              p, size);
    }
    else if (n == 61)
    {
        // Ignore filename argument entirely
    }
    else if (n % 2 == 0)
    {
        if (n % 4 == 0)
        {
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "exercise processFile(name)");
            pdf.processFile(filename1);
        }
        else
        {
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "exercise processFile(FILE*)");
            filep = QUtil::safe_fopen(filename1, "rb");
            pdf.processFile(filename1, filep, false);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        QTC::TC("qpdf", "exercise processMemoryFile");
        size_t size = 0;
        read_file_into_memory(filename1, file_buf, size);
	pdf.processMemoryFile(filename1, file_buf.getPointer(), size);
    }

    if ((n == 0) || (n == 1))
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
	QPDFObjectHandle qtest = trailer.getKey("/QTest");

	if (! trailer.hasKey("/QTest"))
	{
	    // This will always happen when /QTest is null because
	    // hasKey returns false for null keys regardless of
	    // whether the key exists or not.  That way there's never
	    // any difference between a key that is present and null
	    // and a key that is absent.
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest implicit");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is implicit" << std::endl;
	}

	QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest indirect",
		qtest.isIndirect() ? 1 : 0);
	std::cout << "/QTest is "
		  << (qtest.isIndirect() ? "in" : "")
		  << "direct and has type "
                  << qtest.getTypeName()
                  << " (" << qtest.getTypeCode() << ")" << std::endl;

	if (qtest.isNull())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest null");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is null" << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isBool())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest bool",
		    qtest.getBoolValue() ? 1 : 0);
	    std::cout << "/QTest is Boolean with value "
		      << (qtest.getBoolValue() ? "true" : "false")
		      << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isInteger())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest int");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is an integer with value "
		      << qtest.getIntValue() << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isReal())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest real");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is a real number with value "
		      << qtest.getRealValue() << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isName())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest name");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is a name with value "
		      << qtest.getName() << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isString())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest string");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is a string with value "
		      << qtest.getStringValue() << std::endl;
	}
	else if (qtest.isArray())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest array");
	    int n = qtest.getArrayNItems();
	    std::cout << "/QTest is an array with "
		      << n << " items" << std::endl;
	    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	    {
		QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest array indirect",
			qtest.getArrayItem(i).isIndirect() ? 1 : 0);
		std::cout << "  item " << i << " is "
			  << (qtest.getArrayItem(i).isIndirect() ? "in" : "")
			  << "direct" << std::endl;
	    }
	}
	else if (qtest.isDictionary())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest dictionary");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is a dictionary" << std::endl;
	    std::set<std::string> keys = qtest.getKeys();
	    for (std::set<std::string>::iterator iter = keys.begin();
		 iter != keys.end(); ++iter)
	    {
		QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest dictionary indirect",
			(qtest.getKey(*iter).isIndirect() ? 1 : 0));
		std::cout << "  " << *iter << " is "
			  << (qtest.getKey(*iter).isIndirect() ? "in" : "")
			  << "direct" << std::endl;
	    }
	}
	else if (qtest.isStream())
	{
	    QTC::TC("qpdf", "main QTest stream");
	    std::cout << "/QTest is a stream.  Dictionary: "
		      << qtest.getDict().unparse() << std::endl;

	    std::cout << "Raw stream data:" << std::endl;
	    std::cout.flush();
	    QUtil::binary_stdout();
	    PointerHolder<Pl_StdioFile> out = new Pl_StdioFile("raw", stdout);
	    qtest.pipeStreamData(out.getPointer(), 0, qpdf_dl_none);

	    std::cout << std::endl << "Uncompressed stream data:" << std::endl;
	    if (qtest.pipeStreamData(0, 0, qpdf_dl_all))
	    {
		std::cout.flush();
		QUtil::binary_stdout();
		out = new Pl_StdioFile("filtered", stdout);
		qtest.pipeStreamData(out.getPointer(), 0, qpdf_dl_all);
		std::cout << std::endl << "End of stream data" << std::endl;
	    }
	    else
	    {
		std::cout << "Stream data is not filterable." << std::endl;
	    }
	}
	else
	{
	    // Should not happen!
	    std::cout << "/QTest is an unknown object" << std::endl;
	}

	std::cout << "unparse: " << qtest.unparse() << std::endl
		  << "unparseResolved: " << qtest.unparseResolved()
		  << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 2)
    {
	// Encrypted file.  This test case is designed for a specific
	// PDF file.

	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
	std::cout << trailer.getKey("/Info").
	    getKey("/CreationDate").getStringValue() << std::endl;
	std::cout << trailer.getKey("/Info").
	    getKey("/Producer").getStringValue() << std::endl;

	QPDFObjectHandle encrypt = trailer.getKey("/Encrypt");
	std::cout << encrypt.getKey("/O").unparse() << std::endl;
	std::cout << encrypt.getKey("/U").unparse() << std::endl;

	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle pages = root.getKey("/Pages");
	QPDFObjectHandle kids = pages.getKey("/Kids");
	QPDFObjectHandle page = kids.getArrayItem(1); // second page
	QPDFObjectHandle contents = page.getKey("/Contents");
	QUtil::binary_stdout();
	PointerHolder<Pl_StdioFile> out = new Pl_StdioFile("filtered", stdout);
	contents.pipeStreamData(out.getPointer(), 0, qpdf_dl_generalized);
    }
    else if (n == 3)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle streams = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QStreams");
	for (int i = 0; i < streams.getArrayNItems(); ++i)
	{
	    QPDFObjectHandle stream = streams.getArrayItem(i);
	    std::cout << "-- stream " << i << " --" << std::endl;
	    std::cout.flush();
	    QUtil::binary_stdout();
	    PointerHolder<Pl_StdioFile> out =
		new Pl_StdioFile("tokenized stream", stdout);
	    stream.pipeStreamData(out.getPointer(),
                                  qpdf_ef_normalize, qpdf_dl_generalized);
	}
    }
    else if (n == 4)
    {
	// Mutability testing: Make /QTest direct recursively, then
	// copy to /Info.  Also make some other mutations so we can
	// tell the difference and ensure that the original /QTest
	// isn't effected.
	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
	QPDFObjectHandle qtest = trailer.getKey("/QTest");
	qtest.makeDirect();
	qtest.removeKey("/Subject");
	qtest.replaceKey("/Author",
			 QPDFObjectHandle::newString("Mr. Potato Head"));
	// qtest.A and qtest.B.A were originally the same object.
	// They no longer are after makeDirect().  Mutate one of them
	// and ensure the other is not changed.  These test cases are
	// crafted around a specific set of input files.
        QPDFObjectHandle A = qtest.getKey("/A");
        if (A.getArrayItem(0).getIntValue() == 1)
        {
            // Test mutators
            A.setArrayItem(1, QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(5)); // 1 5 3
            A.insertItem(2, QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(10)); // 1 5 10 3
            A.appendItem(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(12)); // 1 5 10 3 12
            A.eraseItem(3); // 1 5 10 12
            A.insertItem(4, QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(6)); // 1 5 10 12 6
            A.insertItem(0, QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(9)); // 9 1 5 10 12 6
        }
        else
        {
            std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> items;
            items.push_back(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(14));
            items.push_back(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(15));
            items.push_back(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(9));
            A.setArrayFromVector(items);
        }

	trailer.replaceKey("/Info", pdf.makeIndirectObject(qtest));
	QPDFWriter w(pdf, 0);
	w.setQDFMode(true);
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.write();

	// Prevent "done" message from getting appended
	exit(0);
    }
    else if (n == 5)
    {
        QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
	std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages = dh.getAllPages();
	int pageno = 0;
	for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter = pages.begin();
	     iter != pages.end(); ++iter)
	{
	    QPDFPageObjectHelper& page(*iter);
	    ++pageno;

	    std::cout << "page " << pageno << ":" << std::endl;

	    std::cout << "  images:" << std::endl;
	    std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> images =
		page.getPageImages();
	    for (std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator iter =
		     images.begin(); iter != images.end(); ++iter)
	    {
		std::string const& name = (*iter).first;
		QPDFObjectHandle image = (*iter).second;
		QPDFObjectHandle dict = image.getDict();
		int width = dict.getKey("/Width").getIntValue();
		int height = dict.getKey("/Height").getIntValue();
		std::cout << "    " << name
			  << ": " << width << " x " << height
			  << std::endl;
	    }

	    std::cout << "  content:" << std::endl;
	    std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> content = page.getPageContents();
	    for (std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator iter = content.begin();
		 iter != content.end(); ++iter)
	    {
		std::cout << "    " << (*iter).unparse() << std::endl;
	    }

	    std::cout << "end page " << pageno << std::endl;
	}

	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle qstrings = root.getKey("/QStrings");
	if (qstrings.isArray())
	{
	    std::cout << "QStrings:" << std::endl;
	    int n = qstrings.getArrayNItems();
	    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	    {
		std::cout << qstrings.getArrayItem(i).getUTF8Value()
			  << std::endl;
	    }
	}

	QPDFObjectHandle qnumbers = root.getKey("/QNumbers");
	if (qnumbers.isArray())
	{
	    std::cout << "QNumbers:" << std::endl;
	    int n = qnumbers.getArrayNItems();
	    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	    {
		std::cout << QUtil::double_to_string(
		    qnumbers.getArrayItem(i).getNumericValue(), 3)
			  << std::endl;
	    }
	}
    }
    else if (n == 6)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle metadata = root.getKey("/Metadata");
	if (! metadata.isStream())
	{
	    throw std::logic_error("test 6 run on file with no metadata");
	}
	Pl_Buffer bufpl("buffer");
	metadata.pipeStreamData(&bufpl, 0, qpdf_dl_none);
	Buffer* buf = bufpl.getBuffer();
	unsigned char const* data = buf->getBuffer();
	bool cleartext = false;
	if ((buf->getSize() > 9) &&
	    (strncmp(reinterpret_cast<char const*>(data),
                     "<?xpacket", 9) == 0))
	{
	    cleartext = true;
	}
	delete buf;
	std::cout << "encrypted="
		  << (pdf.isEncrypted() ? 1 : 0)
		  << "; cleartext="
		  << (cleartext ? 1 : 0)
		  << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 7)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle qstream = root.getKey("/QStream");
	if (! qstream.isStream())
	{
	    throw std::logic_error("test 7 run on file with no QStream");
	}
	qstream.replaceStreamData(
	    "new data for stream\n",
            QPDFObjectHandle::newNull(), QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 8)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle qstream = root.getKey("/QStream");
	if (! qstream.isStream())
	{
	    throw std::logic_error("test 7 run on file with no QStream");
	}
	Pl_Buffer p1("buffer");
	Pl_Flate p2("compress", &p1, Pl_Flate::a_deflate);
	p2.write(QUtil::unsigned_char_pointer("new data for stream\n"),
                 20); // no null!
	p2.finish();
	PointerHolder<Buffer> b = p1.getBuffer();
	// This is a bogus way to use StreamDataProvider, but it does
	// adequately test its functionality.
	Provider* provider = new Provider(b);
	PointerHolder<QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider> p = provider;
	qstream.replaceStreamData(
	    p, QPDFObjectHandle::newName("/FlateDecode"),
	    QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
	provider->badLength(false);
	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
        // Linearize to force the provider to be called multiple times.
        w.setLinearization(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();

        // Every time a provider pipes stream data, it has to provide
        // the same amount of data.
	provider->badLength(true);
	try
	{
	    qstream.getStreamData();
	    std::cout << "oops -- getStreamData didn't throw" << std::endl;
	}
        catch (std::exception const& e)
	{
	    std::cout << "exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
	}
    }
    else if (n == 9)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
        // Explicitly exercise the Buffer version of newStream
	PointerHolder<Buffer> buf = new Buffer(20);
	unsigned char* bp = buf->getBuffer();
	memcpy(bp, "data for new stream\n", 20); // no null!
	QPDFObjectHandle qstream = QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(
            &pdf, buf);
	QPDFObjectHandle rstream = QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(&pdf);
	try
	{
	    rstream.getStreamData();
	    std::cout << "oops -- getStreamData didn't throw" << std::endl;
	}
	catch (std::logic_error const& e)
	{
	    std::cout << "exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
	}
	rstream.replaceStreamData(
	    "data for other stream\n",
            QPDFObjectHandle::newNull(), QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
	root.replaceKey("/QStream", qstream);
	root.replaceKey("/RStream", rstream);
	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 10)
    {
	std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        QPDFPageObjectHelper& ph(pages.at(0));
	ph.addPageContents(
            QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(
                &pdf, "BT /F1 12 Tf 72 620 Td (Baked) Tj ET\n"), true);
	ph.addPageContents(
            QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(
                &pdf, "BT /F1 18 Tf 72 520 Td (Mashed) Tj ET\n"), false);

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 11)
    {
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle qstream = root.getKey("/QStream");
	PointerHolder<Buffer> b1 = qstream.getStreamData();
	PointerHolder<Buffer> b2 = qstream.getRawStreamData();
	if ((b1->getSize() == 7) &&
	    (memcmp(b1->getBuffer(), "potato\n", 7) == 0))
	{
	    std::cout << "filtered stream data okay" << std::endl;
	}
	if ((b2->getSize() == 15) &&
	    (memcmp(b2->getBuffer(), "706F7461746F0A\n", 15) == 0))
	{
	    std::cout << "raw stream data okay" << std::endl;
	}
    }
    else if (n == 12)
    {
	pdf.setOutputStreams(0, 0);
	pdf.showLinearizationData();
    }
    else if (n == 13)
    {
	std::ostringstream out;
	std::ostringstream err;
	pdf.setOutputStreams(&out, &err);
	pdf.showLinearizationData();
	std::cout << "---output---" << std::endl
		  << out.str()
		  << "---error---" << std::endl
		  << err.str();
    }
    else if (n == 14)
    {
	// Exercise swap and replace.  This test case is designed for
	// a specific file.
	std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> pages = pdf.getAllPages();
	if (pages.size() != 4)
	{
	    throw std::logic_error("test " + QUtil::int_to_string(n) +
				   " not called 4-page file");
	}
	// Swap pages 2 and 3
	pdf.swapObjects(pages.at(1).getObjGen(), pages.at(2).getObjGen());
	// Replace object and swap objects
	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
	QPDFObjectHandle qdict = trailer.getKey("/QDict");
	QPDFObjectHandle qarray = trailer.getKey("/QArray");
	// Force qdict but not qarray to resolve
	qdict.isDictionary();
	QPDFObjectHandle new_dict = QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary();
	new_dict.replaceKey("/NewDict", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(2));
	try
	{
	    // Do it wrong first...
	    pdf.replaceObject(qdict.getObjGen(), qdict);
	}
	catch (std::logic_error const&)
	{
	    std::cout << "caught logic error as expected" << std::endl;
	}
	pdf.replaceObject(qdict.getObjGen(), new_dict);
	// Now qdict still points to the old dictionary
	std::cout << "old dict: " << qdict.getKey("/Dict").getIntValue()
		  << std::endl;
	// Swap dict and array
	pdf.swapObjects(qdict.getObjGen(), qarray.getObjGen());
	// Now qarray will resolve to new object but qdict is still
	// the old object
	std::cout << "old dict: " << qdict.getKey("/Dict").getIntValue()
		  << std::endl;
	std::cout << "new dict: " << qarray.getKey("/NewDict").getIntValue()
		  << std::endl;
	// Reread qdict, now pointing to an array
	qdict = pdf.getObjectByObjGen(qdict.getObjGen());
	std::cout << "swapped array: " << qdict.getArrayItem(0).getName()
		  << std::endl;

	// Exercise getAsMap and getAsArray
	std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> array_elements =
	    qdict.getArrayAsVector();
	std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> dict_items =
	    qarray.getDictAsMap();
	if ((array_elements.size() == 1) &&
	    (array_elements.at(0).getName() == "/Array") &&
	    (dict_items.size() == 1) &&
	    (dict_items["/NewDict"].getIntValue() == 2))
	{
	    std::cout << "array and dictionary contents are correct"
		      << std::endl;
	}

	// Exercise writing to memory buffer
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        {
            QPDFWriter w(pdf);
            w.setOutputMemory();
            // Exercise setOutputMemory with and without static ID
            w.setStaticID(i == 0);
            w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
            w.write();
            Buffer* b = w.getBuffer();
            std::string const filename = (i == 0 ? "a.pdf" : "b.pdf");
            FILE* f = QUtil::safe_fopen(filename.c_str(), "wb");
            fwrite(b->getBuffer(), b->getSize(), 1, f);
            fclose(f);
            delete b;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 15)
    {
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& pages = pdf.getAllPages();
        // Reference to original page numbers for this test case are
        // numbered from 0.

        // Remove pages from various places, checking to make sure
        // that our pages reference is getting updated.
        assert(pages.size() == 10);
        pdf.removePage(pages.back()); // original page 9
        assert(pages.size() == 9);
        pdf.removePage(*pages.begin()); // original page 0
        assert(pages.size() == 8);
        checkPageContents(pages.at(4), "Original page 5");
        pdf.removePage(pages.at(4)); // original page 5
        assert(pages.size() == 7);
        checkPageContents(pages.at(4), "Original page 6");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(0), "Original page 1");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(6), "Original page 8");

        // Insert pages

        // Create some content streams.
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> contents;
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 1"));
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 0"));
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 5"));
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 6"));
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 11"));
        contents.push_back(createPageContents(pdf, "New page 12"));

        // Create some page objects.  Start with an existing
        // dictionary and modify it.  Using the results of
        // getDictAsMap to create a new dictionary effectively creates
        // a shallow copy.
        QPDFObjectHandle page_template = pages.at(0);
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> new_pages;
        for (std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator iter = contents.begin();
             iter != contents.end(); ++iter)
        {
            // We will retain indirect object references to other
            // indirect objects other than page content.
            QPDFObjectHandle page = page_template.shallowCopy();
            page.replaceKey("/Contents", *iter);
            if (iter == contents.begin())
            {
                // leave direct
                new_pages.push_back(page);
            }
            else
            {
                new_pages.push_back(pdf.makeIndirectObject(page));
            }
        }

        // Now insert the pages
        pdf.addPage(new_pages.at(0), true);
        checkPageContents(pages.at(0), "New page 1");
        pdf.addPageAt(new_pages.at(1), true, pages.at(0));
        assert(pages.at(0).getObjGen() == new_pages.at(1).getObjGen());
        pdf.addPageAt(new_pages.at(2), true, pages.at(5));
        assert(pages.at(5).getObjGen() == new_pages.at(2).getObjGen());
        pdf.addPageAt(new_pages.at(3), false, pages.at(5));
        assert(pages.at(6).getObjGen() == new_pages.at(3).getObjGen());
        assert(pages.size() == 11);
        pdf.addPage(new_pages.at(4), false);
        assert(pages.at(11).getObjGen() == new_pages.at(4).getObjGen());
        pdf.addPageAt(new_pages.at(5), false, pages.back());
        assert(pages.size() == 13);
        checkPageContents(pages.at(0), "New page 0");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(1), "New page 1");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(5), "New page 5");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(6), "New page 6");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(11), "New page 11");
        checkPageContents(pages.at(12), "New page 12");

        // Exercise writing to FILE*
        FILE* out =  QUtil::safe_fopen("a.pdf", "wb");
	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "FILE* a.pdf", out, true);
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 16)
    {
        // Insert a page manually and then update the cache.
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& all_pages = pdf.getAllPages();

        QPDFObjectHandle contents = createPageContents(pdf, "New page 10");
        QPDFObjectHandle page =
            pdf.makeIndirectObject(
                QPDFObjectHandle(all_pages.at(0)).shallowCopy());
        page.replaceKey("/Contents", contents);

        // Insert the page manually.
	QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
	QPDFObjectHandle pages = root.getKey("/Pages");
	QPDFObjectHandle kids = pages.getKey("/Kids");
        page.replaceKey("/Parent", pages);
        pages.replaceKey(
            "/Count",
            QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(1 + all_pages.size()));
        kids.appendItem(page);
        assert(all_pages.size() == 10);
        pdf.updateAllPagesCache();
        assert(all_pages.size() == 11);
        assert(all_pages.back().getObjGen() == page.getObjGen());

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 17)
    {
        // The input file to this test case has a duplicated page.
        QPDFObjectHandle page_kids =
            pdf.getRoot().getKey("/Pages").getKey("/Kids");
        assert(page_kids.getArrayItem(0).getObjGen() ==
               page_kids.getArrayItem(1).getObjGen());
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& pages = pdf.getAllPages();
        assert(pages.size() == 3);
        assert(! (pages.at(0).getObjGen() == pages.at(1).getObjGen()));
        assert(QPDFObjectHandle(pages.at(0)).getKey("/Contents").getObjGen() ==
               QPDFObjectHandle(pages.at(1)).getKey("/Contents").getObjGen());
        pdf.removePage(pages.at(0));
        assert(pages.size() == 2);
        PointerHolder<Buffer> b = QPDFObjectHandle(pages.at(0)).
            getKey("/Contents").getStreamData();
        std::string contents = std::string(
            reinterpret_cast<char const*>(b->getBuffer()),
            b->getSize());
        assert(contents.find("page 0") != std::string::npos);
    }
    else if (n == 18)
    {
        // Remove a page and re-insert it in the same file.
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& pages = pdf.getAllPages();

        // Remove pages from various places, checking to make sure
        // that our pages reference is getting updated.
        assert(pages.size() == 10);
        QPDFObjectHandle page5 = pages.at(5);
        pdf.removePage(page5);
        assert(pages.size() == 9);
        pdf.addPage(page5, false);
        assert(pages.size() == 10);
        assert(pages.back().getObjGen() == page5.getObjGen());

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 19)
    {
        // Remove a page and re-insert it in the same file.
        QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages = dh.getAllPages();

        // Try to insert a page that's already there.
        dh.addPage(pages.at(5), false);
        std::cout << "you can't see this" << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 20)
    {
        // Shallow copy an array
	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
	QPDFObjectHandle qtest = trailer.getKey("/QTest");
        QPDFObjectHandle copy = qtest.shallowCopy();
        // Append shallow copy of a scalar
        copy.appendItem(trailer.getKey("/Size").shallowCopy());
        trailer.replaceKey("/QTest2", copy);

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 21)
    {
        // Try to shallow copy a stream
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> const& pages = pdf.getAllPages();
        QPDFObjectHandle page = pages.at(0);
        QPDFObjectHandle contents = page.getKey("/Contents");
        contents.shallowCopy();
        std::cout << "you can't see this" << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 22)
    {
        // Try to remove a page we don't have
        QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages = dh.getAllPages();
        QPDFPageObjectHelper& page = pages.at(0);
        dh.removePage(page);
        dh.removePage(page);
        std::cout << "you can't see this" << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 23)
    {
        QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages = dh.getAllPages();
        dh.removePage(pages.back());
    }
    else if (n == 24)
    {
        // Test behavior of reserved objects
        QPDFObjectHandle res1 = QPDFObjectHandle::newReserved(&pdf);
        QPDFObjectHandle res2 = QPDFObjectHandle::newReserved(&pdf);
	QPDFObjectHandle trailer = pdf.getTrailer();
        trailer.replaceKey("Array1", res1);
        trailer.replaceKey("Array2", res2);

        QPDFObjectHandle array1 = QPDFObjectHandle::newArray();
        QPDFObjectHandle array2 = QPDFObjectHandle::newArray();
        array1.appendItem(res2);
        array1.appendItem(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(1));
        array2.appendItem(res1);
        array2.appendItem(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(2));
        // Make sure trying to ask questions about a reserved object
        // doesn't break it.
        if (res1.isArray())
        {
            std::cout << "oops -- res1 is an array" << std::endl;
        }
        if (res1.isReserved())
        {
            std::cout << "res1 is still reserved after checking if array"
                      << std::endl;
        }
        pdf.replaceReserved(res1, array1);
        if (res1.isReserved())
        {
            std::cout << "oops -- res1 is still reserved" << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "res1 is no longer reserved" << std::endl;
        }
        res1.assertArray();
        std::cout << "res1 is an array" << std::endl;

        try
        {
            res2.unparseResolved();
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            res2.makeDirect();
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }

        pdf.replaceReserved(res2, array2);

        res2.assertArray();
        std::cout << "res2 is an array" << std::endl;

        // Verify that the previously added reserved keys can be
        // dereferenced properly now
        int i1 = res1.getArrayItem(0).getArrayItem(1).getIntValue();
        int i2 = res2.getArrayItem(0).getArrayItem(1).getIntValue();
        if ((i1 == 2) && (i2 == 1))
        {
            std::cout << "circular access and lazy resolution worked" << std::endl;
        }

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 25)
    {
        // The copy object tests are designed to work with a specific
        // file.  Look at the test suite for the file, and look at the
        // file for comments about the file's structure.

        // Copy qtest without crossing page boundaries.  Should get O1
        // and O2 and their streams but not O3 or any other pages.

        assert(arg2 != 0);
        {
            // Make sure original PDF is out of scope when we write.
            QPDF oldpdf;
            oldpdf.processFile(arg2);
            QPDFObjectHandle qtest = oldpdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
            pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey(
                "/QTest", pdf.copyForeignObject(qtest));
        }

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 26)
    {
        // Copy the O3 page using addPage.  Copy qtest without
        // crossing page boundaries.  In addition to previous results,
        // should get page O3 but no other pages including the page
        // that O3 points to.  Also, inherited object will have been
        // pushed down and will be preserved.

        {
            // Make sure original PDF is out of scope when we write.
            assert(arg2 != 0);
            QPDF oldpdf;
            oldpdf.processFile(arg2);
            QPDFObjectHandle qtest = oldpdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
            QPDFObjectHandle O3 = qtest.getKey("/O3");
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).addPage(O3, false);
            pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey(
                "/QTest", pdf.copyForeignObject(qtest));
        }

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 27)
    {
        // Copy O3 and the page O3 refers to before copying qtest.
        // Should get qtest plus only the O3 page and the page that O3
        // points to. Inherited objects should be preserved. This test
        // also exercises copying from a stream that has a buffer and
        // a provider, including copying a provider multiple times. We
        // also exercise setImmediateCopyFrom.

        // Create a provider. The provider stays in scope.
	PointerHolder<QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider> p1;
        {
            // Local scope
            Pl_Buffer pl("buffer");
            pl.write(QUtil::unsigned_char_pointer("new data for stream\n"),
                      20); // no null!
            pl.finish();
            PointerHolder<Buffer> b = pl.getBuffer();
            Provider* provider = new Provider(b);
            p1 = provider;
        }
        // Create a stream that uses a provider in empty1 and copy it
        // to empty2. It is copied from empty2 to the final pdf.
        QPDF empty1;
        empty1.emptyPDF();
        QPDFObjectHandle s1 = QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(&empty1);
	s1.replaceStreamData(
	    p1, QPDFObjectHandle::newNull(), QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
        QPDF empty2;
        empty2.emptyPDF();
	s1 = empty2.copyForeignObject(s1);
        {
            // Make sure some source PDFs are out of scope when we
            // write.

            PointerHolder<QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider> p2;
            // Create another provider. This one will go out of scope
            // along with its containing qpdf, which has
            // setImmediateCopyFrom(true).
            {
                // Local scope
                Pl_Buffer pl("buffer");
                pl.write(QUtil::unsigned_char_pointer(
                              "more data for stream\n"),
                          21); // no null!
                pl.finish();
                PointerHolder<Buffer> b = pl.getBuffer();
                Provider* provider = new Provider(b);
                p2 = provider;
            }
            QPDF empty3;
            empty3.emptyPDF();
            empty3.setImmediateCopyFrom(true);
            QPDFObjectHandle s3 = QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(&empty3);
            s3.replaceStreamData(
                p2, QPDFObjectHandle::newNull(), QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
            assert(arg2 != 0);
            QPDF oldpdf;
            oldpdf.processFile(arg2);
            QPDFObjectHandle qtest = oldpdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
            QPDFObjectHandle O3 = qtest.getKey("/O3");
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
            dh.addPage(O3.getKey("/OtherPage"), false);
            dh.addPage(O3, false);
            QPDFObjectHandle s2 = QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(
                &oldpdf, "potato\n");
            pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey(
                "/QTest", pdf.copyForeignObject(qtest));
            pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey(
                "/QTest2", QPDFObjectHandle::newArray());
            pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest2").appendItem(
                pdf.copyForeignObject(s1));
            pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest2").appendItem(
                pdf.copyForeignObject(s2));
            pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest2").appendItem(
                pdf.copyForeignObject(s3));
        }

	QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setStaticID(true);
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
	w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 28)
    {
        // Copy foreign object errors
        try
        {
            pdf.copyForeignObject(pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest"));
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            pdf.copyForeignObject(QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(1));
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 29)
    {
        // Detect mixed objects in QPDFWriter
        assert(arg2 != 0);
        QPDF other;
        other.processFile(arg2);
        // Should use copyForeignObject instead
        other.getTrailer().replaceKey(
            "/QTest", pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest"));

        try
        {
            QPDFWriter w(other, "a.pdf");
            w.write();
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 30)
    {
        assert(arg2 != 0);
        QPDF encrypted;
        encrypted.processFile(arg2, "user");
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "b.pdf");
	w.setStreamDataMode(qpdf_s_preserve);
        w.copyEncryptionParameters(encrypted);
	w.write();

        // Make sure the contents are actually the same
        QPDF final;
        final.processFile("b.pdf", "user");
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> pages = pdf.getAllPages();
        std::string orig_contents = getPageContents(pages.at(0));
        pages = final.getAllPages();
        std::string new_contents = getPageContents(pages.at(0));
        if (orig_contents != new_contents)
        {
            std::cout << "oops -- page contents don't match" << std::endl
                      << "original:\n" << orig_contents
                      << "new:\n" << new_contents
                      << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 31)
    {
        // Test object parsing from a string.  The input file is not used.

        QPDFObjectHandle o1 =
            QPDFObjectHandle::parse(
                "[/name 16059 3.14159 false\n"
                " << /key true /other [ (string1) (string2) ] >> null]");
        std::cout << o1.unparse() << std::endl;
        QPDFObjectHandle o2 = QPDFObjectHandle::parse("   12345 \f  ");
        assert(o2.isInteger() && (o2.getIntValue() == 12345));
        try
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle::parse("[1 0 R]", "indirect test");
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::logic_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "logic error parsing indirect: " << e.what()
                      << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle::parse("0 trailing", "trailing test");
            std::cout << "oops -- didn't throw" << std::endl;
        }
        catch (std::runtime_error const& e)
        {
            std::cout << "trailing data: " << e.what()
                      << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 32)
    {
        // Extra header text
        char const* filenames[] = {"a.pdf", "b.pdf", "c.pdf", "d.pdf"};
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        {
            bool linearized = ((i & 1) != 0);
            bool newline = ((i & 2) != 0);
            QPDFWriter w(pdf, filenames[i]);
            w.setStaticID(true);
            std::cout
                << "file: " << filenames[i] << std::endl
                << "linearized: " << (linearized ? "yes" : "no") << std::endl
                << "newline: " << (newline ? "yes" : "no") << std::endl;
            w.setLinearization(linearized);
            w.setExtraHeaderText(newline
                                 ? "%% Comment with newline\n"
                                 : "%% Comment\n% No newline");
            w.write();
        }
    }
    else if (n == 33)
    {
        // Test writing to a custom pipeline
        Pl_Buffer p("buffer");
        QPDFWriter w(pdf);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.setOutputPipeline(&p);
        w.write();
        PointerHolder<Buffer> b = p.getBuffer();
        FILE* f = QUtil::safe_fopen("a.pdf", "wb");
        fwrite(b->getBuffer(), b->getSize(), 1, f);
        fclose(f);
    }
    else if (n == 34)
    {
        // Look at Extensions dictionary
        std::cout << "version: " << pdf.getPDFVersion() << std::endl
                  << "extension level: " << pdf.getExtensionLevel() << std::endl
                  << pdf.getRoot().getKey("/Extensions").unparse() << std::endl;
    }
    else if (n == 35)
    {
        // Extract attachments

        std::map<std::string, PointerHolder<Buffer> > attachments;
        QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
        QPDFObjectHandle names = root.getKey("/Names");
        QPDFObjectHandle embeddedFiles = names.getKey("/EmbeddedFiles");
        names = embeddedFiles.getKey("/Names");
        for (int i = 0; i < names.getArrayNItems(); ++i)
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle item = names.getArrayItem(i);
            if (item.isDictionary() &&
                item.getKey("/Type").isName() &&
                (item.getKey("/Type").getName() == "/Filespec") &&
                item.getKey("/EF").isDictionary() &&
                item.getKey("/EF").getKey("/F").isStream())
            {
                std::string filename = item.getKey("/F").getStringValue();
                QPDFObjectHandle stream = item.getKey("/EF").getKey("/F");
                attachments[filename] = stream.getStreamData();
            }
        }
        for (std::map<std::string, PointerHolder<Buffer> >::iterator iter =
                 attachments.begin(); iter != attachments.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::string const& filename = (*iter).first;
            std::string data = std::string(
                reinterpret_cast<char const*>((*iter).second->getBuffer()),
                (*iter).second->getSize());
            bool is_binary = false;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i)
            {
                if ((data.at(i) < 0) || (data.at(i) > 126))
                {
                    is_binary = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (is_binary)
            {
                std::string t;
                for (size_t i = 0;
                     i < std::min(data.size(), static_cast<size_t>(20));
                     ++i)
                {
                    if ((data.at(i) >= 32) && (data.at(i) <= 126))
                    {
                        t += data.at(i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        t += ".";
                    }
                }
                t += " (" + QUtil::int_to_string(data.size()) + " bytes)";
                data = t;
            }
            std::cout << filename << ":\n" << data << "--END--\n";
        }
    }
    else if (n == 36)
    {
        // Extract raw unfilterable attachment

        QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
        QPDFObjectHandle names = root.getKey("/Names");
        QPDFObjectHandle embeddedFiles = names.getKey("/EmbeddedFiles");
        names = embeddedFiles.getKey("/Names");
        for (int i = 0; i < names.getArrayNItems(); ++i)
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle item = names.getArrayItem(i);
            if (item.isDictionary() &&
                item.getKey("/Type").isName() &&
                (item.getKey("/Type").getName() == "/Filespec") &&
                item.getKey("/EF").isDictionary() &&
                item.getKey("/EF").getKey("/F").isStream() &&
                (item.getKey("/F").getStringValue() == "attachment1.txt"))
            {
                std::string filename = item.getKey("/F").getStringValue();
                QPDFObjectHandle stream = item.getKey("/EF").getKey("/F");
                Pl_Buffer p1("buffer");
                Pl_Flate p2("compress", &p1, Pl_Flate::a_inflate);
                stream.pipeStreamData(&p2, 0, qpdf_dl_none);
                PointerHolder<Buffer> buf = p1.getBuffer();
                std::string data = std::string(
                    reinterpret_cast<char const*>(buf->getBuffer()),
                    buf->getSize());
                std::cout << stream.getDict().unparse()
                          << filename << ":\n" << data << "--END--\n";
            }
        }
    }
    else if (n == 37)
    {
        // Parse content streams of all pages
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter = pages.begin();
             iter != pages.end(); ++iter)
        {
            QPDFPageObjectHelper& page(*iter);
            ParserCallbacks cb;
            page.parsePageContents(&cb);
        }
    }
    else if (n == 38)
    {
        // Designed for override-compressed-object.pdf
        QPDFObjectHandle qtest = pdf.getRoot().getKey("/QTest");
        for (int i = 0; i < qtest.getArrayNItems(); ++i)
        {
            std::cout << qtest.getArrayItem(i).unparseResolved() << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 39)
    {
        // Display image filter and color set for each image on each page
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        int pageno = 0;
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator p_iter =
                 pages.begin();
             p_iter != pages.end(); ++p_iter)
        {
            std::cout << "page " << ++pageno << std::endl;
	    std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> images =
		(*p_iter).getPageImages();
	    for (std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator i_iter =
		     images.begin(); i_iter != images.end(); ++i_iter)
	    {
                QPDFObjectHandle image_dict = (*i_iter).second.getDict();
                std::cout << "filter: "
                          << image_dict.getKey("/Filter").unparseResolved()
                          << ", color space: "
                          << image_dict.getKey("/ColorSpace").unparseResolved()
                          << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (n == 40)
    {
        // Write PCLm. This requires specially crafted PDF files. This
        // feature was implemented by Sahil Arora
        // <sahilarora.535@gmail.com> as part of a Google Summer of
        // Code project in 2017.
        assert(arg2 != 0);
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, arg2);
        w.setPCLm(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 41)
    {
        // Apply a token filter. This test case is crafted to work
        // with coalesce.pdf.
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter =
                 pages.begin();
             iter != pages.end(); ++iter)
        {
            (*iter).addContentTokenFilter(new TokenFilter);
        }
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setQDFMode(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 42)
    {
        // Access objects as wrong type. This test case is crafted to
        // work with object-types.pdf.
        QPDFObjectHandle qtest = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
        QPDFObjectHandle array = qtest.getKey("/Dictionary").getKey("/Key2");
        QPDFObjectHandle dictionary = qtest.getKey("/Dictionary");
        QPDFObjectHandle integer = qtest.getKey("/Integer");
        QPDFObjectHandle null = QPDFObjectHandle::newNull();
        assert(array.isArray());
        assert(dictionary.isDictionary());
        assert("" == qtest.getStringValue());
        array.getArrayItem(-1).assertNull();
        array.getArrayItem(16059).assertNull();
        integer.getArrayItem(0).assertNull();
        integer.appendItem(null);
        array.eraseItem(-1);
        array.eraseItem(16059);
        integer.eraseItem(0);
        integer.insertItem(0, null);
        integer.setArrayFromVector(std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>());
        integer.setArrayItem(0, null);
        assert(0 == integer.getArrayNItems());
        assert(integer.getArrayAsVector().empty());
        assert(false == integer.getBoolValue());
        assert(integer.getDictAsMap().empty());
        assert(integer.getKeys().empty());
        assert(false == integer.hasKey("/Potato"));
        integer.removeKey("/Potato");
        integer.replaceOrRemoveKey("/Potato", null);
        integer.replaceOrRemoveKey("/Potato", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(1));
        integer.replaceKey("/Potato", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(1));
        qtest.getKey("/Integer").getKey("/Potato");
        assert(integer.getInlineImageValue().empty());
        assert(0 == dictionary.getIntValue());
        assert("/QPDFFakeName" == integer.getName());
        assert("QPDFFAKE" == integer.getOperatorValue());
        assert("0.0" == dictionary.getRealValue());
        assert(integer.getStringValue().empty());
        assert(integer.getUTF8Value().empty());
        assert(0.0 == dictionary.getNumericValue());
        // Make sure error messages are okay for nested values
        std::cerr << "One error\n";
        assert(array.getArrayItem(0).getStringValue().empty());
        std::cerr << "One error\n";
        assert(dictionary.getKey("/Quack").getStringValue().empty());
        assert(array.getArrayItem(1).isDictionary());
        assert(array.getArrayItem(1).getKey("/K").isArray());
        assert(array.getArrayItem(1).getKey("/K").getArrayItem(0).isName());
        assert("/V" ==
               array.getArrayItem(1).getKey("/K").getArrayItem(0).getName());
        std::cerr << "Two errors\n";
        assert(array.getArrayItem(16059).getStringValue().empty());
        std::cerr << "One error\n";
        array.getArrayItem(1).getKey("/K").getArrayItem(0).getStringValue();
        // Stream dictionary
        QPDFObjectHandle page = pdf.getAllPages().at(0);
        assert("/QPDFFakeName" ==
               page.getKey("/Contents").getDict().getKey("/Potato").getName());
        // Rectangles
        QPDFObjectHandle::Rectangle r0 = integer.getArrayAsRectangle();
        assert((r0.llx == 0) && (r0.lly == 0) &&
               (r0.urx == 0) && (r0.ury == 0));
        QPDFObjectHandle rect = QPDFObjectHandle::newFromRectangle(
            QPDFObjectHandle::Rectangle(1.2, 3.4, 5.6, 7.8));
        QPDFObjectHandle::Rectangle r1 = rect.getArrayAsRectangle();
        assert((r1.llx > 1.19) && (r1.llx < 1.21) &&
               (r1.lly > 3.39) && (r1.lly < 3.41) &&
               (r1.urx > 5.59) && (r1.urx < 5.61) &&
               (r1.ury > 7.79) && (r1.ury < 7.81));
    }
    else if (n == 43)
    {
        // Forms
        QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper afdh(pdf);
        if (! afdh.hasAcroForm())
        {
            std::cout << "no forms\n";
            return;
        }
        std::cout << "iterating over form fields\n";
        std::vector<QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper> form_fields =
            afdh.getFormFields();
        for (std::vector<QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper>::iterator iter =
                 form_fields.begin();
             iter != form_fields.end(); ++iter)
        {
            QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper ffh(*iter);
            std::cout << "Field: " << ffh.getObjectHandle().unparse()
                      << std::endl;
            QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper node = ffh;
            while (! node.isNull())
            {
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper parent(node.getParent());
                std::cout << "  Parent: "
                          << (parent.isNull()
                              ? std::string("none")
                              : parent.getObjectHandle().unparse())
                          << std::endl;
                node = parent;
            }
            std::cout << "  Fully qualified name: "
                      << ffh.getFullyQualifiedName() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Partial name: "
                      << ffh.getPartialName() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Alternative name: "
                      << ffh.getAlternativeName() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Mapping name: "
                      << ffh.getMappingName() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Field type: "
                      << ffh.getFieldType() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Value: "
                      << ffh.getValue().unparse() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Value as string: "
                      << ffh.getValueAsString() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Default value: "
                      << ffh.getDefaultValue().unparse() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Default value as string: "
                      << ffh.getDefaultValueAsString() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Default appearance: "
                      << ffh.getDefaultAppearance() << std::endl;
            std::cout << "  Quadding: "
                      << ffh.getQuadding() << std::endl;
            std::vector<QPDFAnnotationObjectHelper> annotations =
                afdh.getAnnotationsForField(ffh);
            for (std::vector<QPDFAnnotationObjectHelper>::iterator i2 =
                     annotations.begin();
                 i2 != annotations.end(); ++i2)
            {
                std::cout << "  Annotation: "
                          << (*i2).getObjectHandle().unparse() << std::endl;
            }
        }
        std::cout << "iterating over annotations per page\n";
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter = pages.begin();
             iter != pages.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::cout << "Page: " << (*iter).getObjectHandle().unparse()
                      << std::endl;
            std::vector<QPDFAnnotationObjectHelper> annotations =
                afdh.getWidgetAnnotationsForPage(*iter);
            for (std::vector<QPDFAnnotationObjectHelper>::iterator i2 =
                     annotations.begin();
                 i2 != annotations.end(); ++i2)
            {
                QPDFAnnotationObjectHelper ah(*i2);
                std::cout << "  Annotation: " << ah.getObjectHandle().unparse()
                          << std::endl;
                std::cout << "    Field: "
                          << (afdh.getFieldForAnnotation(ah).
                              getObjectHandle().unparse())
                          << std::endl;
                std::cout << "    Subtype: " << ah.getSubtype() << std::endl;
                std::cout << "    Rect: ";
                print_rect(std::cout, ah.getRect());
                std::cout << std::endl;
                std::string state = ah.getAppearanceState();
                if (! state.empty())
                {
                    std::cout << "    Appearance state: " << state
                              << std::endl;
                }
                std::cout << "    Appearance stream (/N): "
                          << ah.getAppearanceStream("/N").unparse()
                          << std::endl;
                std::cout << "    Appearance stream (/N, /3): "
                          << ah.getAppearanceStream("/N", "/3").unparse()
                          << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (n == 44)
    {
        // Set form fields.
        QPDFAcroFormDocumentHelper afdh(pdf);
        std::vector<QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper> fields = afdh.getFormFields();
        for (std::vector<QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper>::iterator iter =
                 fields.begin();
             iter != fields.end(); ++iter)
        {
            QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper& field(*iter);
            QPDFObjectHandle ft = field.getInheritableFieldValue("/FT");
            if (ft.isName() && (ft.getName() == "/Tx"))
            {
                // \xc3\xb7 is utf-8 for U+00F7 (divided by)
                field.setV("3.14 \xc3\xb7 0");
                std::cout << "Set field value: "
                          << field.getFullyQualifiedName()
                          << " -> "
                          << field.getValueAsString()
                          << std::endl;
            }
        }
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setQDFMode(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.setSuppressOriginalObjectIDs(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 45)
    {
        // Decode obfuscated files. This is here to help test with
        // files that trigger anti-virus warnings. See comments in
        // qpdf.test for details.
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
        if (! pdf.getWarnings().empty())
        {
            exit(3);
        }
    }
    else if (n == 46)
    {
        // Test number tree. This test is crafted to work with
        // number-tree.pdf
        QPDFObjectHandle qtest = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
        QPDFNumberTreeObjectHelper ntoh(qtest);
        QPDFNumberTreeObjectHelper::idx_map ntoh_map = ntoh.getAsMap();
        for (QPDFNumberTreeObjectHelper::idx_map::iterator iter =
                 ntoh_map.begin();
             iter != ntoh_map.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::cout << (*iter).first << " "
                      << (*iter).second.getStringValue()
                      << std::endl;
        }
        assert(1 == ntoh.getMin());
        assert(29 == ntoh.getMax());
        assert(ntoh.hasIndex(6));
        assert(! ntoh.hasIndex(500));
        QPDFObjectHandle oh;
        assert(! ntoh.findObject(4, oh));
        assert(ntoh.findObject(3, oh));
        assert("three" == oh.getStringValue());
        QPDFNumberTreeObjectHelper::numtree_number offset = 0;
        assert(! ntoh.findObjectAtOrBelow(0, oh, offset));
        assert(ntoh.findObjectAtOrBelow(8, oh, offset));
        assert("six" == oh.getStringValue());
        assert(2 == offset);
    }
    else if (n == 47)
    {
        // Test page labels.
        QPDFPageLabelDocumentHelper pldh(pdf);
        size_t npages = pdf.getRoot().getKey("/Pages").
            getKey("/Count").getIntValue();
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> labels;
        pldh.getLabelsForPageRange(0, npages - 1, 1, labels);
        assert(labels.size() % 2 == 0);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < labels.size(); i+= 2)
        {
            std::cout << labels.at(i).getIntValue() << " "
                      << labels.at(i+1).unparse() << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 48)
    {
        // Test name tree. This test is crafted to work with
        // name-tree.pdf
        QPDFObjectHandle qtest = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/QTest");
        QPDFNameTreeObjectHelper ntoh(qtest);
        std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle> ntoh_map = ntoh.getAsMap();
        for (std::map<std::string, QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator iter =
                 ntoh_map.begin();
             iter != ntoh_map.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::cout << (*iter).first << " -> "
                      << (*iter).second.getStringValue()
                      << std::endl;
        }
        assert(ntoh.hasName("11 elephant"));
        assert(ntoh.hasName("07 sev\xe2\x80\xa2n"));
        assert(! ntoh.hasName("potato"));
        QPDFObjectHandle oh;
        assert(! ntoh.findObject("potato", oh));
        assert(ntoh.findObject("07 sev\xe2\x80\xa2n", oh));
        assert("seven!" == oh.getStringValue());
    }
    else if (n == 49)
    {
        // Outlines
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        QPDFOutlineDocumentHelper odh(pdf);
        int pageno = 0;
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter = pages.begin();
             iter != pages.end(); ++iter, ++pageno)
        {
            std::list<QPDFOutlineObjectHelper> outlines =
                odh.getOutlinesForPage((*iter).getObjectHandle().getObjGen());
            for (std::list<QPDFOutlineObjectHelper>::iterator oiter =
                     outlines.begin();
                 oiter != outlines.end(); ++oiter)
            {
                std::cout
                    << "page " << pageno << ": "
                    << (*oiter).getTitle() << " -> "
                    << (*oiter).getDest().unparseResolved() << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
    else if (n == 50)
    {
        // Test dictionary merge. This test is crafted to work with
        // merge-dict.pdf
        QPDFObjectHandle d1 = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/Dict1");
        QPDFObjectHandle d2 = pdf.getTrailer().getKey("/Dict2");
        d1.mergeResources(d2);
        std::cout << d1.getJSON().unparse() << std::endl;
        // Top-level type mismatch
        d1.mergeResources(d2.getKey("/k1"));
        std::set<std::string> names = d1.getResourceNames();
        for (std::set<std::string>::iterator iter = names.begin();
             iter != names.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::cout << *iter << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 51)
    {
        // Test radio button and checkbox field setting. The input
        // files must have radios button called r1 and r2 and
        // checkboxes called checkbox1 and checkbox2. The files
        // button-set*.pdf are designed for this test case.
        QPDFObjectHandle acroform = pdf.getRoot().getKey("/AcroForm");
        QPDFObjectHandle fields = acroform.getKey("/Fields");
        int n = fields.getArrayNItems();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle field = fields.getArrayItem(i);
            QPDFObjectHandle T = field.getKey("/T");
            if (! T.isString())
            {
                continue;
            }
            std::string Tval = T.getUTF8Value();
            if (Tval == "r1")
            {
                std::cout << "setting r1 via parent\n";
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper foh(field);
                foh.setV(QPDFObjectHandle::newName("/2"));
            }
            else if (Tval == "r2")
            {
                std::cout << "setting r2 via child\n";
                field = field.getKey("/Kids").getArrayItem(1);
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper foh(field);
                foh.setV(QPDFObjectHandle::newName("/3"));
            }
            else if (Tval == "checkbox1")
            {
                std::cout << "turning checkbox1 on\n";
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper foh(field);
                foh.setV(QPDFObjectHandle::newName("/Yes"));
            }
            else if (Tval == "checkbox2")
            {
                std::cout << "turning checkbox2 off\n";
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper foh(field);
                foh.setV(QPDFObjectHandle::newName("/Off"));
            }
        }
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setQDFMode(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 52)
    {
        // This test just sets a field value for appearance stream
        // generating testing.
        QPDFObjectHandle acroform = pdf.getRoot().getKey("/AcroForm");
        QPDFObjectHandle fields = acroform.getKey("/Fields");
        int n = fields.getArrayNItems();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            QPDFObjectHandle field = fields.getArrayItem(i);
            QPDFObjectHandle T = field.getKey("/T");
            if (! T.isString())
            {
                continue;
            }
            std::string Tval = T.getUTF8Value();
            if (Tval == "list1")
            {
                std::cout << "setting list1 value\n";
                QPDFFormFieldObjectHelper foh(field);
                foh.setV(QPDFObjectHandle::newString(arg2));
            }
        }
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 53)
    {
        // Test get all objects and dangling ref handling
        QPDFObjectHandle root = pdf.getRoot();
        root.replaceKey(
            "/Q1",
            pdf.makeIndirectObject(QPDFObjectHandle::newString("potato")));
        std::cout << "all objects" << std::endl;
        std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle> all = pdf.getAllObjects();
        for (std::vector<QPDFObjectHandle>::iterator iter = all.begin();
             iter != all.end(); ++iter)
        {
            std::cout << (*iter).unparse() << std::endl;
        }

        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 54)
    {
        // Test getFinalVersion. This must be invoked with a file
        // whose final version is not 1.5.
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
        assert(pdf.getPDFVersion() != "1.5");
        w.setObjectStreamMode(qpdf_o_generate);
        if (w.getFinalVersion() != "1.5")
        {
            std::cout << "oops: " << w.getFinalVersion() << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 55)
    {
        // Form XObjects
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        QPDFObjectHandle qtest = QPDFObjectHandle::newArray();
        for (std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper>::iterator iter = pages.begin();
             iter != pages.end(); ++iter)
        {
            QPDFPageObjectHelper& ph(*iter);
            qtest.appendItem(ph.getFormXObjectForPage());
            qtest.appendItem(ph.getFormXObjectForPage(false));
        }
        pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey("/QTest", qtest);
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setQDFMode(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if ((n >= 56) && (n <= 59))
    {
        // Placing form XObjects
        assert(arg2);
        QPDF pdf2;
        pdf2.processFile(arg2);

        // red pages are from pdf, blue pages are from pdf2
        // red pages always have stated rotation absolutely
        // 56: blue pages are overlaid exactly on top of red pages
        // 57: blue pages have stated rotation relative to red pages
        // 58: blue pages have no rotation (absolutely upright)
        // 59: blue pages have stated rotation absolutely
        bool handle_from_transformation = ((n == 57) || (n == 59));
        bool invert_to_transformation = ((n == 58) || (n == 59));

        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages1 =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
        std::vector<QPDFPageObjectHelper> pages2 =
            QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf2).getAllPages();
        size_t npages = (pages1.size() < pages2.size()
                         ? pages1.size() : pages2.size());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < npages; ++i)
        {
            QPDFPageObjectHelper& ph1 = pages1.at(i);
            QPDFPageObjectHelper& ph2 = pages2.at(i);
            QPDFObjectHandle fo = pdf.copyForeignObject(
                ph2.getFormXObjectForPage(handle_from_transformation));
            int min_suffix = 1;
            QPDFObjectHandle resources = ph1.getAttribute("/Resources", true);
            std::string name = resources.getUniqueResourceName(
                "/Fx", min_suffix);
            std::string content =
                ph1.placeFormXObject(
                    fo, name, ph1.getTrimBox().getArrayAsRectangle(),
                    invert_to_transformation);
            if (! content.empty())
            {
                resources.mergeResources(
                    QPDFObjectHandle::parse("<< /XObject << >> >>"));
                resources.getKey("/XObject").replaceKey(name, fo);
                ph1.addPageContents(
                    QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(&pdf, "q\n"), true);
                ph1.addPageContents(
                    QPDFObjectHandle::newStream(&pdf, "\nQ\n" + content),
                    false);
            }
        }
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
	w.setQDFMode(true);
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 60)
    {
        // Boundary condition testing for getUniqueResourceName
        QPDFObjectHandle r1 = QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary();
        int min_suffix = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < 3; ++i)
        {
            std::string name = r1.getUniqueResourceName("/Quack", min_suffix);
            r1.mergeResources(QPDFObjectHandle::parse("<< /Z << >> >>"));
            r1.getKey("/Z").replaceKey(
                name, QPDFObjectHandle::newString("moo"));
        }
        pdf.getTrailer().replaceKey("/QTest", r1);
        QPDFWriter w(pdf, "a.pdf");
        w.setStaticID(true);
        w.write();
    }
    else if (n == 61)
    {
        // Test to make sure exceptions can be caught properly across
        // shared library boundaries.
	pdf.setAttemptRecovery(false);
        pdf.setSuppressWarnings(true);
        try
        {
            pdf.processMemoryFile("empty", "", 0);
        }
        catch (QPDFExc& e)
        {
            std::cout << "Caught QPDFExc as expected" << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            QUtil::safe_fopen("/does/not/exist", "r");
        }
        catch (QPDFSystemError& e)
        {
            std::cout << "Caught QPDFSystemError as expected" << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            QUtil::int_to_string_base(0, 12);
        }
        catch (std::logic_error& e)
        {
            std::cout << "Caught logic_error as expected" << std::endl;
        }
        try
        {
            QUtil::toUTF8(0xffffffff);
        }
        catch (std::runtime_error& e)
        {
            std::cout << "Caught runtime_error as expected" << std::endl;
        }
    }
    else if (n == 62)
    {
        // Test int size checks. This test will fail if int and long
        // long are the same size.
        QPDFObjectHandle t = pdf.getTrailer();
        unsigned long long q1_l = 3L * INT_MAX;
        long long q1 = static_cast<long long>(q1_l);
        long long q2_l = 3L * INT_MIN;
        long long q2 = static_cast<long long>(q2_l);
        unsigned int q3_i = UINT_MAX;
        long long q3 = static_cast<long long>(q3_i);
        t.replaceKey("/Q1", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(q1));
        t.replaceKey("/Q2", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(q2));
        t.replaceKey("/Q3", QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(q3));
        assert_compare_numbers(q1, t.getKey("/Q1").getIntValue());
        assert_compare_numbers(q1_l, t.getKey("/Q1").getUIntValue());
        assert_compare_numbers(INT_MAX, t.getKey("/Q1").getIntValueAsInt());
        assert_compare_numbers(UINT_MAX, t.getKey("/Q1").getUIntValueAsUInt());
        assert_compare_numbers(q2_l, t.getKey("/Q2").getIntValue());
        assert_compare_numbers(0U, t.getKey("/Q2").getUIntValue());
        assert_compare_numbers(INT_MIN, t.getKey("/Q2").getIntValueAsInt());
        assert_compare_numbers(0U, t.getKey("/Q2").getUIntValueAsUInt());
        assert_compare_numbers(INT_MAX, t.getKey("/Q3").getIntValueAsInt());
        assert_compare_numbers(UINT_MAX, t.getKey("/Q3").getUIntValueAsUInt());
    }
    else
    {
	throw std::runtime_error(std::string("invalid test ") +
				 QUtil::int_to_string(n));
    }

    if (filep)
    {
        fclose(filep);
    }
    std::cout << "test " << n << " done" << std::endl;
} ; Sample JSON Format Confermily Expected output: "examples" => "cwe": "xxx"; "message": "xxx"
    
 'cwe': ['CWE-787'], 'message': 'Fix sign and conversion warnings (major)

This makes all integer type conversions that have potential data loss
explicit with calls that do range checks and raise an exception. After
this commit, qpdf builds with no warnings when -Wsign-conversion
-Wconversion is used with gcc or clang or when -W3 -Wd4800 is used
with MSVC. This significantly reduces the likelihood of potential
crashes from bogus integer values.

There are some parts of the code that take int when they should take
size_t or an offset. Such places would make qpdf not support files
with more than 2^31 of something that usually wouldn't be so large. In
the event that such a file shows up and is valid, at least qpdf would
raise an error in the right spot so the issue could be legitimately
addressed rather than failing in some weird way because of a silent
overflow condition.'