atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Besides, SARS-CoV has a possible recombination history with lineages of alpha- and gamma-CoVs, where a large number of smaller recombinant regions were identified in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-SARS-CoV ingase ibe nomlando wokuhlanganiswa kabusha nezinhlu zama-CoV e-alpha kanye ne-gamma, lapho kwatholwa khona inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuhlanganiswe kabusha okuncane ku-RNA polymerase encike ku-RNA.
Recombination locations were also identified in the nsp9, most of nsp10, and parts of nsp14.
Izindawo zokuhlanganiswa kabusha zatholwa futhi ku-nsp9, engxenyeni enkulu ye-nsp10, nasezingxenyeni ze-nsp14.
Likewise, it has been shown that the epidemic MERS-CoV experienced recombination events between different lineages, which occurred in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.
Ngokufanayo, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi umqedazwe i-MERS-CoV yabhekana nezehlakalo zokuhlanganiswa kabusha phakathi kwezinhlu ezihlukene, okwenzeka kumakamela e-dromedary e-Saudi Arabia.
Besides SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, recombination events have also been observed in other HCoVs, in which the HCoVs recombine with other animal CoVs in their non-structural genes.
Ngaphandle kwe-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV, izehlakalo zokuhlanganiswa kabusha ziye zaphawulwa kwamanye ama-HCoV, lapho ama-HCoVs ehlangana kabusha namanye ama-CoV esilwane kuzakhi zawo zofuzo ezingenaso isakhiwo.
It should also be cautioned that artificial selection can contribute to unintended changes in viral genomes, most likely resulting from relieving viruses from selection pressures exerted, such as by the host immune system.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhethwa kokwenziwa kungase kube nesandla ezinguqukweni ezingahlosiwe kuma-genome egciwane, okungase kube umphumela wokukhulula amagciwane ezingcindezeni zokukhetha ezisetshenzisiwe, njengalezo zamasosha omzimba zombungazi.
An example of these effects is the loss of a full-length ORF4 in the HCoV-229E prototype strain, owing to a two-nucleotide deletion.
Isibonelo sale miphumela siwukulahleka kwe-ORF4 enobude obuphelele kuhlobo lwephrothothayiphu ethi HCoV-229E, ngenxa yokususwa kwe-nucleotide ekabili.
While intact ORF4 could be observed in bat and camel viruses related to HCoV-229E, the alpaca alpha-CoV displays a single nucleotide insertion, resulting in a frameshift.
Nakuba i-ORF4 ephelele yabonwa kumagciwane elulwane nekamela ahlobene ne-HCoV-229E, i-alpha-CoV ye-alpaca ibonisa ukufakwa kwe-nucleotide eyodwa, okuholela ekushintsheni kwefreyimu.
Last but not least, the evolution of novel HCoVs is also driven by the selection pressure in their reservoir hosts.
Okokugcina kodwa okubalulekile, ukuziphendukela kwama-HCoV amasha kuphinde kuqhutshwe ingcindezi yokukhethwa kubabungazi bayo abawumthombo.
Asymptomatic or only mild symptoms were detected when bats were infected with CoVs, indicating the mutual adaptation between CoVs and bats.
Zazingekho izimpawu noma kwakunezimpawu ezincane kuphela ezitholiwe lapho amalulwane etheleleka ngama-CoV, okubonisa ukuvumelaniswa okufanayo phakathi kwama-CoV namalulwane.
It appeared that bats are well adapted to CoVs anatomically and physiologically.
Kubonakala sengathi amalulwane avumelaniswe kahle nama-CoV ngokwesakhiwo nendlela yokusebenza.
For example, defects in the activation of pro-inflammatory response in bats efficiently reduce the pathology triggered by CoVs.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kokusabela okukhuthaza ukuvuvukala kumalulwane kuyinciphisa kalula i-pathology eqaliswa ama-CoV.
Besides, the natural killer cell activity in bats is suppressed due to upregulation of inhibitory natural killer cell receptor NKG2/CD94 and low expression level of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzi weseli elingumbulali ongokwemvelo kumalulwane uyacindezelwa ngenxa yokwenyuka kokusabela kwesivimbi sesisabeli seseli elingumbulali ongokwemvelo elithi NKG2/CD94 kanye nezinga lokuboniswa eliphansi lamangqamuzana esigaba I esiyinkimbinkimbi se-histocompatibility.
Moreover, the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from high metabolic activity of bats could both suppress CoV replication and affects proofreading by exoribonuclease, thus providing the selection pressure for the generation of virus strains highly pathogenic when introduced into a new host.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphakeme lezidalwa ezisabela kumoya-mpilo (i-ROS) ezakhiwe ngomsebenzi wokugaywa kokudla okuphakeme kwamalulwane kungase kuthinte kokubili ukucindezelwa kokuphindwa kwe-CoV futhi kuthinte ukuhlolwa kwamaphutha nge-exoribonuclease, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza ingcindezi yokukhethwa yokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo zegciwane ezi-pathogenic kakhulu lapho zethulwa kumbungazi omusha.
More pathogenic CoV strains might also evolve by recombination, leading to the acquisition of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
Izinhlobo ze-CoV ezi-pathogenic kakhulu zingase futhi zishintshe ngokuhlanganiswa kabusha, okuholela ekutholweni kwamaphrotheni amasha noma izici zephrotheni zokuvumelaniswa kombungazi.
Thus, it is not by chance that three novel HCoVs have emerged in the past two decades.
Ngenxa yalokho, akuyona nje inhlanhla ukuthi ama-HCoV amasha amathathu avele emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule.
CoVs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
Ama-CoV awagulisani noma abangele izimpawu ezincane kubabungazi bawo abayinhloko njengamalulwane namakamela.
They replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
Aphindeka ngokushesha ngaphandle kokukhuthaza ukusabela okuqinile kwamasosha omzimba.
Herein lie the secrets of why asymptomatic carriers are seen and what causes the severe cases in human infection.
Lapha kunezimfihlo zokuthi kungani izithwali ezingenazo izimpawu zibonwa nokuthi yini ebangela izimo ezibucayi ekuguleni kwabantu.
The severe symptoms are mainly due to the hyperactivation of immune response and the cytokine storm wherein the stronger the immune response, the more severe the lung damage.
Izimpawu ezibucayi ngokuyinhloko zibangelwa ukusebenza kakhulu kwamasosha omzimba kanye nesiphepho se-cytokine lapho kunokusabela kwamasosha omzimba okuqinile, umonakalo wamaphaphu uba mkhulu kakhulu.
In contrast, in asymptomatic carriers, the immune response has been de-coupled from CoV replication.
Ngokuhlukile, kulabo abangazibonisi izimpawu zokugula, ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba kuye kwahlukaniswa kabili ekuphindweni kwe-CoV.
The same strategy of delinking the immune response might have beneficial effects in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
Isu elifanayo lokuhlukanisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba lingase libe nemiphumela ezuzisayo ekwelashweni okumelene ne-SARS-CoV-2.
The interferon response is particularly strong in bats.
Ukusabela kwe-interferon kuqine ngokukhethekile kumalulwane.
Thus, administration of type I interferon at least in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans should be beneficial.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kohlobo I lwe-interferon okungenani ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2 kubantu kufanele kuzuzise.
In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bats is defective.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome kumalulwane akusebenzi.
By this reasoning, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.
Ngokwalokhu kucabanga, ukuvinjwa kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome nge-MCC950 kungase kube usizo ekwelashweni kwe-COVID-19.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 follows the general theme by which SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV arose.
Ukuvela kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kulandela itimu evamile yokuvela kwe-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV.
Whereas a bat beta-CoV sharing 95% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV has been found, there also exists a bat-CoV sharing 96% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV-2.
Nakuba kutholwe i-beta-CoV yelulwane eyabelana ngo-95% we-nucleotide homology ne-SARS-CoV, kukhona futhi i-CoV yelulwane eyabelana ngo-96% we-nucleotide homology ne-SARS-CoV-2.
Whereas civets and other animals in the markets have been found to harbour viruses identical to SARS-CoV, immediate intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not been identified.
Nakuba ama-civet nezinye izilwane ezimakethe kutholwe ukuthi zifukamela amagciwane afana ne-SARS-CoV, ababungazi abamaphakathi abaseduze be-SARS-CoV-2 abakatholwa.
Pangolin beta-CoVs strikingly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 have been found, indicating that pangolins might serve as one of intermediate hosts or pangolin beta-CoVs could contribute gene fragments to the final version of SARS-CoV-2.
Kutholwe ama-beta-CoV e-pangolin anesakhiwo esifanayo ne-SARS-CoV-2, okubonisa ukuthi ama-pangolin kungenzeka ukuthi angabanye ababungazi abamaphakathi noma ama-beta-CoV ama-pangolin angase abe nesandla ezingxenyeni zezakhi zofuzo enguqulweni yokugcina ye-SARS-CoV-2.
Although questions remain, there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is man-made either deliberately or accidentally.
Yize imibuzo isamile, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 yakhiwe umuntu ngenhloso noma ngephutha.
CoVs have returned to the limelight due to the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
Ama-CoV abuyele eshashalazini ngenxa yokubheduka kwakamuva kwe-SARS-CoV-2.
The study of CoVs in bats and other animals has drastically changed our perception of the importance of zoonotic origins and animal reservoirs of HCoVs in human transmission.
Ukucwaningwa kwama-CoV emalulwaneni nezinye izilwane kuwushintshe kakhulu umbono wethu wokubaluleka kwemisuka ye-zoonotic nemithombo eyizilwane yama-HCoV ekuthelelaneni kwabantu.
Pervasive evidence has shown that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have a bat origin and are transmitted to humans via intermediate hosts.
Ubufakazi obusakazekile bubonisa ukuthi i-SARS-CoV, i-MERS-CoV kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2 inomsuka oyilulwane futhi idluliselwa kubantu ngababungazi abamaphakathi.
Given that SARS-CoV infection originates from the contact between humans and civets in the markets, closing wet markets and killing civets therein could have effectively ended the SARS epidemic.
Njengoba ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV kusuka ekuthintaneni okuphakathi kwabantu nama-civet ezimakethe, ukuvala izimakethe zezilwane eziphilayo nokubulala ama-civet kwakungase kuqede umqedazwe we-SARS.
By the same reasoning, pangolins should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission, in view of the discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin beta-CoVs closely related to SARS-CoV-2.
Ngokucabanga okufanayo, ama-pangolin kufanele akhishwe ezimakethe ezidayisa izinto eziphilayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka oku-zoonotic, kucatshangelwa ukutholwa kwezinhlu eziningi zama-beta-CoV e-pangolin ahlobene ngokuseduze ne-SARS-CoV-2.
However, whether and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted to humans through pangolins and other mammals remain to be clarified in future investigations.
Nokho, ukuthi iyadluliselwa yini nokuthi idluliselwa kanjani i-SARS-CoV-2 kubantu ngama-pangolin nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo kusazocaciswa ezingcwaningweni zesikhathi esizayo.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has existed in dromedary camels for a long time.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-MERS-CoV ibilokhu ikhona kumakamela e-dromedary isikhathi eside.
These camels serve as an important tool for transportation as well as a main source of meat, milk, leather and wool products for the local people.
Lawa makamela ayithuluzi elibalulekile lezokuthutha kanye nomthombo oyinhloko wenyama, ubusi, isikhumba nemikhiqizo kavolo kubantu basendaweni.
They are widely distributed across the Middle East and Africa.
Asakazeke kabanzi e-Middle East nase-Africa.
It is therefore impossible to sacrifice all camels for the control of MERS, as what was done in wild animal markets in China to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Ngakho kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthi kubulawe wonke amakamela ukuze kulawulwe i-MERS, njengoba kwenzeka ezimakethe zezilwane zasendle e-China ukuze kuvinjwe ukusakazeka kwe-SARS-CoV ne-SARS-CoV-2.
To stop the recurrent outbreaks of MERS, a comprehensive approach should be taken to develop effective vaccines against MERS-CoV for camels, in combination with other infection control measures.
Ukuze kuvinjwe ukubheduka okuphindayo kwe-MERS, kufanele kusetshenziswe indlela eningilizayo ukuze kwakhiwe imigomo esebenzayo emelene ne-MERS-CoV yamakamela, ehambisana nezinye izinyathelo zokulawula isifo.
As we are not able to eliminate these viruses, new genotypes might emerge to cause outbreaks.
Njengoba singakwazi ukuqeda lawa magciwane, ama-genotype amasha angase avele ukuze abangele ukubheduka.
A variety of zoonotic CoVs are circulating in the wild.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-CoV a-zoonotic ziyajikeleza ehlane.
Particularly, bat CoVs with zoonotic potential are so diverse.
Ngokukhethekile, ama-CoV elulwane anamandla e-zoonotic ahlukahlukene kakhulu.
There are plenty of opportunities that these zoonotic CoVs evolve and recombine, resulting in the emergence of new CoVs that are more transmissible and/or deadly in humans in future.
Kukhona amathuba amaningi okuthi lawa ma-CoV e-zoonotic ashintshe futhi ahlangane kabusha, okuzophumela kuma-CoV amasha akwazi ukuthelelana kakhulu kanye/noma abulale abantu esikhathini esizayo.
The culture of eating wild animals in some places of China should be abandoned to reduce unnecessary contact between humans and animals.
Isiko lokudla izilwane zasendle kwezinye izindawo zase-China kufanele liyekwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuxhumana okungadingekile phakathi kwabantu nezilwane.
With the ordeals of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, a better preparedness and response plan should be in place.
Ngezigameko ze-SARS, i-MERS kanye ne-COVID-19, kufanele kube khona uhlelo lokulungela nokusabela olungcono kakhulu.
In fact, many viruses have existed in the planet for a very long time.
Empeleni, amagciwane amaningi anesikhathi eside ekhona emhlabeni.
They stay in their own natural reservoirs until there is a chance for spillover.
Ahlala ezindaweni zawo ezingokwemvelo kuze kube yilapho ethola ithuba lokuphuma.
Although bats have many features that favours the spreading of viruses, the chance for humans to be in contact with bats and other wildlife species can be minimized if people are educated to stay away from them.
Nakuba amalulwane enezici eziningi ezikhuthaza ukusakazwa kwamagciwane, ithuba lokuthi abantu baxhumane namalulwane nezinye izilwane zasendle angacishiswa uma abantu befundiswa ukuthi baqhele kuzona.
Continuous surveillance in mammals is necessary for better understanding of the ecology of CoVs and their natural hosts, which will prove useful in preventing animal-to-human transmission and future outbreaks.
Ukugadwa okuqhubekayo kwezilwane ezincelisayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe kangcono i-ecology yama-CoV nababungazi bawo abangokwemvelo, okuzoba usizo ekuvimbeni ukutheleleka okusuka ezilwaneni kuye kubantu kanye nokubheduka kwesikhathi esizayo.
To conclude, the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is for humans to stay away from the ecological niches of the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic viruses.
Uma sesiphetha, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimba i-zoonosis yamagciwane iwukuba abantu baqhele endaweni ezungezile eyimithombo engokwemvelo yamagciwane a-zoonotic.
Several pieces in the puzzle of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 are still missing.
Izingxenye ezimbalwa ze-puzzle yomsuka we-zoonotic ye-SARS-CoV-2 azikatholakali.
First, if bats transmit an ancestral virus of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins, it will be of interest to see under what circumstances bats and pangolins could share the same ecological niche.
Okokuqala, uma amalulwane edlulisa igciwane eliwukhokho we-SARS-CoV-2 kuma-pangolin, kuzozuzisa ukubona ukuthi kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo amalulwane nama-pangolin engakwazi ukwabelana ngokufana kwendawo ezungezile.
Second, if bats play a more direct role in human transmission, how humans get into contact with bats should be determined.
Okwesibili, uma amalulwane edlala indima eqonde kakhulu ekuthelelekeni kwabantu, kufanele kutholwe ukuthi abantu baxhumana kanjani namalulwane.
Third, if a third mammal acts as the true intermediate host, how it interacts with the different species including humans, bats and pangolins has to be clarified.
Okwesithathu, uma isilwane esincelisayo sisebenza njengombungazi wangempela omaphakathi, indlela esisebenzelana ngayo nezidalwa ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa abantu, amalulwane nama-pangolin kufanele icaciswe.
Finally, since many mammals including domestic animals might be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, both surveillance and experimental infection should be conducted.
Okokugcina, njengoba izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo kuhlanganise nezilwane ezifuywayo zingase zichayeke ku-SARS-CoV-2, kokubili ukugadwa nokutheleleka kokucwaninga kufanele kwenziwe.
Should it be a bat, a pangolin or another mammal, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 or its parental viruses that are almost identical will be identified in its natural hosts in future.
Uma kungase kube ilulwane, i-pangolin noma esinye isilwane esincelisayo, kulindelwe ukuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 noma amagciwane ayo angumzali acishe afane azotholwa kumbungazi wawo ongokwemvelo esikhathini esizayo.
Continued investigations in this area will elucidate the evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in animals, with important implications in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in humans.
Ukucwaningwa okuqhubekayo kule ndawo kuzochaza umzila wokuziphendukela kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ezilwaneni, nemiphumela ebalulekile ekuvinjweni naskulawulweni kwe-COVID-19 kubantu.
Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020
Izilinganiso Zokuqala Zokwanda Kwezimo Zezempilo Ezikhethiwe Ezifihlekile Phakathi Kweziguli Eziphethwe I-Coronavirus Disease 2019 — E-United States, February 12–March 28, 2020
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic.
Ngo-March 11, 2020, i-World Health Organization yamemezela ukuthi i-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (I-COVID-19) iwubhubhane.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 571,678 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 26,494 deaths have been reported worldwide.
Ngo-March 28, 2020, kwaqinisekiswa ingqikithi abantu abangu-571,678 abaphethwe i-COVID-19 kanye nokufa okungu-26,494 okubikwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions.
Imibiko evela e-China nase-Italy isikisela ukuthi izici zobungozi zesifo zibandakanya ukukhula ngokweminyaka kanye nokubakhona kwesinye sezimo zezempilo esifihlekile.
U.S. older adults, including those aged ≥65 years and particularly those aged ≥85 years, also appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated outcomes; however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
E-U.S. abantu abadala abakhulile, okuhlanganisa labo abaneminyaka engu-≥65 futhi ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka yobudala engu-≥85, babonkala besengcupheni ephakeme yokubhekana nemiphumela ebucayi ehlobene ne-COVID-19; nokho, idatha echaza izimo zempilo ezifihlekile phakathi kweziguli zase-U.S. eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ayibikiwe.
As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported.
Kusukela ngo-March 28, 2020, izifunda nezindawo zase-U.S. zibike iziguli ezingu-122,653 zase-U.S. eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ku-CDC, okuhlanganisa nabangu-7,162 (5.8%) okwabikwa idatha ephathelene nezimo zempilo ezifihlekile nezinye izici zobungozi ezaziwayo ngemiphumela ebucayi yezifo zokuphefumula.
Among these 7,162 cases, 2,692 (37.6%) patients had one or more underlying health condition or risk factor, and 4,470 (62.4%) had none of these conditions reported.
Phakathi kwalaba bantu abagulayo abangu-7,162, iziguli ezingu-2,692 (37.6%) zazinesimo sezempilo esifihlekile esisodwa noma ngaphezulu noma isici sobungozi, futhi ezingu-4,470 (62.4%) zazingenazo lezi zimo ezibikiwe.
The percentage of COVID-19 patients with at least one underlying health condition or risk factor was higher among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (358 of 457, 78%) and those requiring hospitalization without ICU admission (732 of 1,037, 71%) than that among those who were not hospitalized (1,388 of 5,143, 27%).
Iphesenti leziguli ze-COVID-19 ezinesimo sezempilo okungenani esisodwa noma isici sobungozi phakathi kwalabo abadinga ukulaliswa kuyunithi yokunakekelwa okubucayi (ICU) (358 kwabangu-457, 78%) futhi labo adinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngaphandle kokungeniswa e-ICU (732 kwabangu-1,037, 71%) kunalabo abangazange balaliswe esibhedlela (1,388 kwabangu-5,143, 27%).
The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease.
Izimo ezibikwe kakhulu yi-diabetes mellitus, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo.
These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions.
Lokhu okutholiwe kokuqala kusikisela ukuthi e-United States, abantu abanezimo zempilo ezifihlekile noma ezinye izici zobungozi ezaziwayo zemiphumela ebucayi zesifo sokuphefumula babonakala besengozini yesifo esibucayi se-COVID-19 kunabantu abangenazo lezi zimo.
Data from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to CDC from 50 states, four U.S. territories and affiliated islands, the District of Columbia, and New York City with February 12–March 28, 2020 onset dates were analyzed.
Idatha eqinisekiswe elabhorethri yeziguli ze-COVID-19 ezibikwe ku-CDC ukusuka ezifundazweni ezingu-50, izindawo ezine zase-U.S. kanye neziqhingi ezihlobene, i-District of Columbia, nase-New York City kwahlaziywa izinsuku zokuqalisa ngo-February 12–March 28, 2020.
Cases among persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China, and the Diamond Princess cruise ship were excluded.
Izimo zokugula zabantu ababuyiselwa e-United States besuka e-Wuhan, China, nasemkhunjin wokuncebeleka i-Diamond Princess azizange zifakwe.
For cases with missing onset dates, date of onset was estimated by subtracting 4 days (median interval from symptom onset to specimen collection date among cases with known dates in these data) from the earliest specimen collection.
Ezimweni zokugula ezingenalo usuku lokuqalisa, usuku lokuqala lwalinganiswa ngokuthi kususwe izinsuku ezingu-4 (isikhewu esimaphakathi kusukela kuqale izimpawu kuye osukwini lokuqoqwa kwezicubu phakathi kwalabo abanezinsuku ezaziwayo kule datha) kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqoqwa kwesicubu.
Public health departments reported cases to CDC using a standardized case report form that captures information (yes, no, or unknown) on the following conditions and potential risk factors: chronic lung disease (inclusive of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and emphysema); diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; chronic renal disease; chronic liver disease; immunocompromised condition; neurologic disorder, neurodevelopmental, or intellectual disability; pregnancy; current smoking status; former smoking status; or other chronic disease.
Iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi yabika izimo ku-CDC kusetshenziswa ifomu lokubika ukugula elivamile elithatha ulwazi (yebo, cha, noma akwaziwa) ngaphansi kwemibandela elandelayo nezici zokungase kube ubungozi: isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (okuhlanganisa i-asthma, i-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [I-COPD], kanye ne-emphysema); i-diabetes mellitus; isifo semithambo yenhliziyo; isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona; isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona; isimo samasosha omzimba asengcupheni; i-neurologic disorder, i-neurodevelopmental, noma ukukhubazeka komqondo; ukukhulelwa; isimo sokubhema samanje; isimo sokubhema sangaphambilini; noma esinye isifo esingamahlalakhona.
Data reported to CDC are preliminary and can be updated by health departments over time; critical data elements might be missing at the time of initial report; thus, this analysis is descriptive, and no statistical comparisons could be made.
Idatha ebikwe ku-CDC eyokuqala futhi ingase ibuyekezwe iminyango yezempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; izingxenye ezibucayi zedatha zingase zingabi khona ngesikhathi sombiko wokuqala; ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyachaza, futhi akukho ukuqhathaniswa kwezibalo okwenziwe.
The percentages of patients of all ages with underlying health conditions who were not hospitalized, hospitalized without ICU admission, and hospitalized with ICU admission were calculated.
Kwabalwa amaphesenti eziguli zabo bonke ubudala anezimo zempilo eziyinhloko ezingazange zilaliswe esibhedlela, ezilaliswe esibhedlela ngaphandle kokufakwa ku-ICU, kanye nezilaliswe esibhedlela ngokufakwa ku-ICU.
Percentages of hospitalizations with and without ICU admission were estimated for persons aged ≥19 years with and without underlying health conditions.
Amaphesenti okulaliswa esibhedlela okunokufakwa nokungafakwa e-ICU alinganiswa kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala engu-≥19 abanezimo nabangenazo izimo zempilo eziyinhloko.
This part of the analysis was limited to persons aged ≥19 years because of the small sample size of cases in children with reported underlying health conditions (N = 32).
Le ngxenye yokuhlaziywa yagcina ngabantu abaneminyaka yobudala engu-≥19 ngenxa yesampula elincane lezingane ezigulayo ezibike izimo zempilo eziyinhloko (N = 32).
To account for missing data among these preliminary reports, ranges were estimated with a lower bound including cases with both known and unknown status for hospitalization with and without ICU admission as the denominator and an upper bound using only cases with known outcome status as the denominator.
Ukuze kuchazwe idatha engatholakali phakathi nale mibiko yokuqala, ububanzi balinganiswa ngenani lokukhawula elincane okuhlanganisa kokubili isimo esaziwayo nesingaziwa sokulaliswa esibhedlela esinokufakwa nokungafakwa e-ICU njenge-denominator kanye nomkhawulo ongenhla kusetshenziswa kuphela izimo ezinesimo somphumela owaziwayo njenge-denominator.
Because of small sample size and missing data on underlying health conditions among COVID-19 patients who died, case-fatality rates for persons with and without underlying conditions were not estimated.
Ngenxa yenani elincane likasayizi wesampula kanye nedatha engatholakali mayelana nezimo zempilo eziyinhloko zeziguli ze-COVID-19 ezifile, amanani okufa abantu abanezimo nabanganazo izimo eziyinhloko abazange balinganiswe.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 122,653 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (Figure) and 2,112 deaths were reported to CDC.
Ngo-March 28, 2020, kwabikwa ingqikithi yabantu abangu-122,653 abaphethwe i-COVID-19 eqinisekiswe elabhorethri (Umfanekiso) kanye nokufa okungu-2,112 ku-CDC.
Case report forms were submitted to CDC for 74,439 (60.7%) cases.
Amafomu okubikwa kokugula athunyelwa ku-CDC ngokugula okungu-74,439 (60.7%).
Data on presence or absence of underlying health conditions and other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections (i.e., smoking and pregnancy) were available for 7,162 (5.8%) patients (Table 1).
Idatha emayelana nokutholakala noma ukungatholakali kwezimo zempilo eziyinhloko kanye nezinye izici zobungozi ezaziwayo zemiphumela ebucayi yezifo zokuphefumula (okungukuthi ukubhema nokukhulelwa) yayitholakala kuziguli ezingu-7,162 (5.8%) (Ithebula 1).
Approximately one third of these patients (2,692, 37.6%), had at least one underlying condition or risk factor.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalezi ziguli (2,692, 37.6%), yayinesimo esifihlekile okungenani esisodwa noma isici sobungozi.
Diabetes mellitus (784, 10.9%), chronic lung disease (656, 9.2%), and cardiovascular disease (647, 9.0%) were the most frequently reported conditions among all cases.
I-diabetes mellitus (784, 10.9%), isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (656, 9.2%), kanye nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo (647, 9.0%) kwakuyizimo ezibikwa kakhulu phakathi kwakho konke ukugula.
Among 457 ICU admissions and 1,037 non-ICU hospitalizations, 358 (78%) and 732 (71%), respectively occurred among persons with one or more reported underlying health condition.
Phakathi nokufakwa e-ICU okungu-457 kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela okungu-1,037 okungekona okwe-ICU, u-358 (78%) kanye no-732 (71%), ngokulandelana wenzeka phakathi kwabantu abanesimo esibikiwe esisodwa noma ngaphezulu sezempilo esifihlekile.
In contrast, 1,388 of 5,143 (27%) COVID-19 patients who were not hospitalized were reported to have at least one underlying health condition.
Ngakolunye uhlangathi, iziguli ezingu-1,388 kwezingu-5,143 (27%) eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ezingazange zilaliswe esibhedlela kwabikwa ukuthi okungenani ziphethwe isimo sezempilo esisodwa esifihlekile.
Among patients aged ≥19 years, the percentage of non-ICU hospitalizations was higher among those with underlying health conditions (27.3%–29.8%) than among those without underlying health conditions (7.2%–7.8%); the percentage of cases that resulted in an ICU admission was also higher for those with underlying health conditions (13.3%–14.5%) than those without these conditions (2.2%–2.4%) (Table 2).
Phakathi kweziguli ezineminyaka yobudala engu-≥19, iphesenti lokulaliswa okungekona okwase-ICU laliphakeme phakathi kwalabo abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko (27.3%–29.8%) kunalabo abangenazo izimo zempilo eziyinhloko (7.2%–7.8%); iphesenti lezimo eziphumele ekufakweni ku-ICU laliphakeme futhi kulabo abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko (13.3%–14.5%) kunalabo abangenazo lezi zimo (2.2%–2.4%) (Ithebula 2).
Small numbers of COVID-19 patients aged &lt; 19 years were reported to be hospitalized (48) or admitted to an ICU (eight).
Inani elincane leziguli eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ezineminyaka yobudala engu-< 19 kwabikwa ukuthi lalilaswe esibhedlela (48) noma lafakwa e-ICU (isishiyagalombili).
In contrast, 335 patients aged &lt; 19 years were not hospitalized and 1,342 had missing data on hospitalization.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguli ezingu-335 ezineminyaka yobudala engu-< 19 azizange zilaliswe esibhedlela futhi ezingu-1,342 zazinedatha engatholakali ephathelene nokulaliswa esibhedlela.
Among all COVID-19 patients with complete information on underlying conditions or risk factors, 184 deaths occurred (all among patients aged ≥19 years); 173 deaths (94%) were reported among patients with at least one underlying condition.
Phakathi kwazo zonke iziguli ze-COVID-19 ezinolwazi oluphelele mayelana nezimo eziyinhloko noma izici zobungozi, kwafa abangu-184 (bonke baphakathi kweziguli ezineminyaka yobudala engu-≥19); kwabikwa ukufa okungu-173 (94%) phakathi kweziguli okungenani ezinesimo sempilo esiyinhloko esisodwa.
Among 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC as of March 28, 2020, 7,162 (5.8%) patients had data available pertaining to underlying health conditions or potential risk factors; among these patients, higher percentages of patients with underlying conditions were admitted to the hospital and to an ICU than patients without reported underlying conditions.
Phakathi kweziguli zase-U.S ezingu-122,653 eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ezabikwa ku-CDC ngo-March 28, 2020, iziguli ezingu-7,162 (5.8%) zazinedatha etholakalayo ephathelene nezimo zempilo eziyinhloko noma okungase kube izici zobungozi; phakathi kwalezi ziguli, iphesenti eliphakeme leziguli ezinezimo zempilo eziyinhloko zalaliswa esibhedlela kanye naku-ICU kuneziguli ezingenazo izimo zempilo ezibikiwe.
These results are consistent with findings from China and Italy, which suggest that patients with underlying health conditions and risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and smoking, might be at higher risk for severe disease or death from COVID-19.
Le miphumela ihambelana nokutholiwe e-China nase-Italy, okusikisela ukuthi iziguli ezinezimo zempilo eziyinhloko kanye nezici zobungozi, okuhlanganisa, kodwa okungagcini, nge-diabetes mellitus, i-hypertension, i-COPD, isio somthambo wenhliziyo, isifo se-cerebrovascular, isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, kanye nokubhema, kungenzeka ukuthi basengozini ephakeme yesifo esibucayi noma ukufa ngenxa ye-COVID-19.
This analysis was limited by small numbers and missing data because of the burden placed on reporting health departments with rapidly rising case counts, and these findings might change as additional data become available.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwakhawulwa izinombolo ezincane kanye nedatha engatholakali ngenxa yomthwalo obekwe emnyangweni wezempilo obikayo njengoba isibalo sabantu abagulayo sikhula, futhi lokhu okutholiwe kungase kushintshe njengoba idatha eyengeziwe itholakala.
It is not yet known whether the severity or level of control of underlying health conditions affects the risk for severe disease associated with COVID-19.
Okwamanje akwaziwa ukuthi ubucayi noma izinga lokulawulwa lezimo zempilo eziyinhlkoko lithinta ubungozi bezifo ezibucayi ezihlobene ne-COVID-19.
Many of these underlying health conditions are common in the United States: based on self-reported 2018 data, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults was 10.1%, and the U.S. age-adjusted prevalence of all types of heart disease (excluding hypertension without other heart disease) was 10.6% in 2017.
Iningi lalezi zimo zempilo eziyinhloko zivamile e-United States: ngokusekelwe kudatha ebikwe mathupha ka-2018, ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela esixilongiwe phakathi kwabantu abadala base-U.S. kwakungu-10.1%, futhi ukwanda kwase-U.S. okulungiswe ubudala kwazo zonke izinhlobo zesifo senhliziyo (okungafaki i-hypertension engenaso esinye isifo senhliziyo) kwakungu-10.6% ngo-2017.
The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among U.S. adults is 5.9%, and in 2018, the U.S. estimated prevalence of current asthma among persons of all ages was 7.9%.
Ukwanda okulungiswe ubudala kwe-COPD phakathi kwabantu abadala base-U.S. kungu-5.9%, futhi ngo-2018, i-U.S. yalinganisa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-asthma yamanje phakathi kwabantu bayo yonke iminyaka kwakungu-7.9%.
CDC continues to develop and update resources for persons with underlying health conditions to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19.
I-CDC iyaqhubeka nokwakha futhi ithuthukise izinsiza zabantu abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuthola i-COVID-19.
The estimated higher prevalence of these conditions among those in this early group of U.S. COVID-19 patients and the potentially higher risk for more severe disease from COVID-19 associated with the presence of underlying conditions highlight the importance of COVID-19 prevention in persons with underlying conditions.
Isilinganiso sokwanda okuphakeme kwalezi zimo phakathi kwalabo abakuleli qembu lokuqala leziguli zase-U.S. ezine-COVID-19 kanye nobungozi obuphakeme bezinye izifo ezibucayi ze-COVID-19 ezihlobene nokutholakala kwezimo eziyinhloko kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuvinjwa kwe-COVID-19 kubantu abanezimo eziyinhloko.
The findings in this report are subject to at least six limitations.
Okutholiwe kulo mbiko kungaphansi kwemikhawulo okungenani eyisithupha.
First, these data are preliminary, and the analysis was limited by missing data related to the health department reporting burden associated with rapidly rising case counts and delays in completion of information requiring medical chart review; these findings might change as additional data become available.
Okokuqala, le datah eyokuqala, futhi ukuhlaziywa bekulinganiselwe idatha engatholakali ehlobene nokubika komnyango wezempilo ubunzima obuhlobene nezibalo zokugula okukhula ngokushesha kanye nokulibala kokugcwaliswa kolwazi oludinga ukubuyekezwa kweshadi lezokwelashwa; lokhu okutholiwe kungase kushintshe njengoba idatha eyengeziwe itholakala.
Information on underlying conditions was only available for 7,162 (5.8%) of 122,653 cases reported to CDC.
Ulwazi oluphathelene nezimo eziyinhloko belutholakala kuphela ezimweni ezingu-7,162 (5.8%) kwezingu-122,653 ezibikwe ku-CDC.
It cannot be assumed that those with missing information are similar to those with data on either hospitalizations or underlying health conditions.
Akukwazi ukucatshangelwa ukuthi labo abanolwazi olungatholakali bayafana nalabo abanedatha eqondene nokulaliswa esibhedlela noma izimo zempilo eziyinhloko.
Second, these data are subject to bias in outcome ascertainment because of short follow-up time.
Okwesibili, le datha ingase icheme ekuqinisekisweni komphumela ngenxa yesikhathi sokulandelela esifushane.
Some outcomes might be underestimated, and long-term outcomes cannot be assessed in this analysis.
Eminye imiphumela ingase ibukelwe phansi, futhi imiphumela yesikhathi eside ayikwazi ukuhlolwa kulokhu kuhlaziywa.
Third, because of the limited availability of testing in many jurisdictions during this period, this analysis is likely biased toward more severe cases, and findings might change as testing becomes more widespread.
Okwesithathu, ngenxa yokutholakala okulinganiselwe kokuhlolwa ezindaweni eziningi phakathi nale nkathi, lokhu kuhlaziywa cishe kuchemile ngokuqondene nezimo ezibucayi kakhudlwana, futhi okutholiwe kungase kushintshe njengoba ukuhlola kutholakala kabanzi.
Fourth, because of the descriptive nature of these data, attack rates among persons with and without underlying health conditions could not be compared, and thus the risk difference of severe disease with COVID-19 between these groups could not be estimated.
Okwesine, ngenxa yohlobo oluchazayo lwale datha, amazinga okuhlasela phakathi kwabantu abanazo noma abangenazo izimo zempilo eziyinhloko akukwazi ukuqhathaniswa, futhi ngenxa yalokho umehluko wobungozi wesifo esibucayi nge-COVID-19 phakathi kwalawa maqembu awukwazanga ukulinganiswa.
Fifth, no conclusions could be drawn about underlying conditions that were not included in the case report form or about different conditions that were reported in a single, umbrella category.
Okwesihlanu, azikho iziphetho ezikwaze ukufinyelelwa mayelana nezimo eziyinhloko ezingazange zifakwe efomini lombiko wokugula noma mayelana nezimo ezihlukene ezabikwa esigabeni esisodwa, esihlanganisa konke.
For example, asthma and COPD were included in a chronic lung disease category.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-asthma kanye ne-COPD yafakwa esigabeni sesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona.
Finally, for some underlying health conditions and risk factors, including neurologic disorders, chronic liver disease, being a current smoker, and pregnancy, few severe outcomes were reported; therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about the risk for severe COVID-19 among persons in these groups.
Ekugcineni, kwezinye izimo zempilo eziyinhloko nezici zobungozi, okuhlanganisa izimo zengqondo, isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona, ukuba umuntu obhemayo okwamanje, nokukhulelwa, kwabikwa imiphumela ebucayi embalwa; ngaleyo ndlela, iziphetho azikwazi ukufinyelelwa mayelana nobungozi be-COVID-19 ebucayi phakathi kwabantu abakulawa maqembu.
Persons in the United States with underlying health conditions appear to be at higher risk for more severe COVID-19, consistent with findings from other countries.
Abantu abase-United States abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko babonakala besengozini ephakeme yokuphathwa i-COVID-19 ebucayi kakhudlwana, okuhambelana nokutholwe kwamanye amazwe.
Persons with underlying health conditions who have symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, or shortness of breath, should immediately contact their health care provider.
Abantu abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko abanezimpawu ze-COVID-19, okuhlanganisa imfiva, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuphelelwa umoya, kufanele bathinte ngokushesha umhlinzeki wawo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
These persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19, through washing their hands; cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces; and social distancing, including staying at home, avoiding crowds, gatherings, and travel, and avoiding contact with persons who are ill.
Laba bantu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ku-COVID-19, ngokugeza izandla zabo; ngokuhlanza futhi bakhuculule ubuso bezindawo ezithintwa kakhulu; nokuziqhelelanisa emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nokuhlala ekhaya, ukugwema izixuku, imibuthano, nokuvakasha, kanye nokugwema ukuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo.
Maintaining at least a 30-day supply of medication, a 2-week supply of food and other necessities, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms are recommended for those with underlying health conditions.
Ukugcina okungenani imithi ezokuqhuba izinsuku ezingu-30, ukudla kwamaviki amabili nezinye izidingo, kanye nolwazi lwezimpawu ze-COVID-19 kutuswa kubo bonke labo abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko.
All persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19 and to protect others.
Bonke abantu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ku-COVID-19 kanye nokuvikela abanye.
All persons who are ill should stay home, except to get medical care; should not go to work; and should stay away from others.
Bonke abantu abagulayo kufanele bahlale ekhaya, ngaphandle kwalapho beyofuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa; akufanele baye emsebenzini; futhi kufanele baqhele kwabanye abantu.
This is especially important for those who work with persons with underlying conditions or who otherwise are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abasebenza nabantu abanezimo eziyinhloko noma abasengozini enkulu yemiphumela ebucayi ye-COVID-19.
Community mitigation strategies, which aim to slow the spread of COVID-19, are important to protect all persons from COVID-19, especially persons with underlying health conditions and other persons at risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
Amasu okunciphisa emphakathini, ahlose ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwe-COVID-19, abalulekile ekuvikeleni bonke abantu ku-COVID-19, ikakhulukazi abantu abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko nabanye abantu abasengozini yesifo esihlobene ne-COVID-19 ebucayi (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
What is already known about this topic?
Yini eyaziwayo kakade ngalesi sihloko?
Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Imibiko eshicilelwe yase-China nase-Italy isikisela ukuthi izici zobungozi zesifo esibucayi se-COVID-19 zibandakanya izimo zempilo eziyinhloko, kodwa idatha echaza izimo zempilo eziyinhloko phakathi kweziguli zase-U.S. eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ayakabikwa.
What is added by this report?
Yini eyengezwa yilo mbiko?
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuqala yase-U.S., abantu abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko njenge-diabetes mellitus, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, kanye nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo, babonakala besengozini ephakeme yesifo esibucayi esihlobene ne-COVID-19 kunabantu abangenazo lezi zimo.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Iyini imiphumela yenqubo yempilo yomphakathi?
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
Amasu okuvikela bonke abantu futhi ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo zempilo eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukuziqhelelanisa komphakathi nokugeza izandla, kufanele zisetshenziswe yiwo wonke umphakathi nabo bonke abantu ukuze kuncishiswe ukubhebhetheka kwe-COVID-19.
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
Ukuvela Kwe-Coronavirus Entsha (COVID-19): Iphrothokholi Yokwandisa Ukugadwa Esetshenziswa I-Royal College of General Practitioners Research kanye ne-Surveillance Centre kanye ne-Public Health England
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
I-Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research kanye ne-Surveillance Centre (RSC) kanye ne-Public Health England (PHE) basebenze ndawonye ngempumelelo ekugadeni imfuluwenza nezinye izifo ezithathelanayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, okuhlanganisa nobhubhane oluthathu olwedlule.
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
Ngokuvela kokubheduka kwamazwe omhlaba kwesifo se-coronavirus (COVID-19), kusungulwe indlela kazwelonke yase-UK yokulawula ukuze kuhlolwe abantu abasolwa ngokuchayeka ku-COVID-19.
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngokuhlukile, ukugada kwe-RCGP RSC kunwetshiwe ukuze kuqashwe ukusakazeka kwesikhashana nokwezindawo kwesifo se-COVID-19 emphakathini kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kwesu lokulawulwa.
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
Injongo yalolu cwaningo iwukuqapha i-COVID-19 kokubili kubantu abangenazo izimpawu kanye nokugula oku-ambulatory okunezifo zokuphefumula, kutholwe kokubili izinga nephethini yokubhebhetheka kwe-COVID-19, futhi kuhlolwe ukusebenza nenqubomgomo yokulawulwa.
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
I-RCGP RSC, inethiwekhi yodokotela abangaphezu kuka-500 e-England, ikhipha idatha efihlwe ulwazi maviki onke.
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
Lokhu kugadwa okunwetshiwe kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu: (1) Ukurekhoda amarekhodi ezokwelashwa anoma ubani osolwa ngokuthi uphethwe noma uke wachayeka ku-COVID-19.
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
Abahlinzeki bamarekhodi ezokwelashwa afakwe kukhompuyutha ngemva kwesicelo esithathe iviki bakwazile ukudala amakhodi amasha ukusekela lokhu.
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) Ukunwetshwa kokugadwa kwamanje kwegciwane kanye nokuhlola abantu abanokugula okufana nokwemfuluwenza noma izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ongezansi (LRTI)—ngombandela othi abantu abasolwa ngokuthi baphethwe noma abake bachayeka ku-COVID-19 kufanele badluliselwe kumzila wokulawulwa kazwelonke futhi bangabonwa ekunakekelweni okuyinhloko.
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) Ukuqoqwa kwesampula le-serology kuwo wonke amaqembu obudala.
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
Kuzothathwa isampula legazi elengeziwe kubantu abahambela udokotela wabo ovamile ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhleliwe.
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
Odokotela abavamile abangu-100 okwamanje abaqhuba ukugadwa kwegciwane lemfuluwenza okwenziw minyaka yonke bazohilileka ekugadweni okunwetshiwe kwegciwane kanye noku-serological.
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) Ukuqoqwa kwamasampula e-serum yomuntu olulamayo.
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
Sinethuba lokuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwedatha ukuze kwenzeke kabili ngeviki uma kudingekile.
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
Amaswabhu ne-sera kuzohlaziywa kumalabhorethri ereferensi ye-PHE.