atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical ventilation becomes more complex as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops in COVID-19 and oxygenation becomes increasingly difficult.
Imishini ye-ventilation iba inkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana njengoba i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) yakheka ku-COVID-19 futhi ukuphefumula kuya ngokuya kuba nzima.
Ventilators capable of pressure control modes and high PEEP are needed to maximise oxygen delivery while minimising the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury and pneumothorax.
Ama-ventilators anamamodi okulawula ingcindezi ne-PEEP ephezulu ayadingeka ukuze kukhushulwe ukutholakala komoya-mpilo kuyilapho kuncishiswa ingozi yokulimala kwamaphaphu ehlobene nama-ventilator ne-pneumothorax.
High PEEP may not be available on older ventilators.
I-PEEP ingase ingatholakali kuma-ventilator amadala.
Research into potential treatments started in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are in clinical trials.
Ucwaningo lwezindlela zokwelashwa lwaqala ngo-January 2020, futhi imithi eminingana elwa negciwane isocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.
Remdesivir appears to be the most promising.
I-remdesivir kubonakala kuyiyona ezosebenza.
Although new medications may take until 2021 to develop, several of the medications being tested are already approved for other uses or are already in advanced testing.
Nakuba kungafika u-2021 kusasungulwa imithi emisha, eminingana yemithi ehlolwayo isigunyaziwe kakade ukusetshenziselwa okunye noma isithuthukile ekuhlolweni kakade.
Antiviral medication may be tried in people with severe disease.
Imithi elwa negciwane ingazanywa kubantu abanegciwane elibucayi.
The WHO recommended volunteers take part in trials of the effectiveness and safety of potential treatments.The FDA has granted temporary authorisation to convalescent plasma as an experimental treatment in cases where the person's life is seriously or immediately threatened.
I-WHO ikhuthaza amavolontiya ukuba abambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lokusebenza nokuphepha kwemithi engasetshenziselwa ukwelapha. I-FDA igunyaze okwesikhashana i-convalescent plasma njengendlela yokwelapha ecwaningwayo ezimweni lapho umuntu esebangwa nezibi khona.
It has not undergone the clinical studies needed to show it is safe and effective for the disease.
Ayikangeni ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha oludingekayo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iphephile nokuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni isifo.
In February 2020, China launched a mobile app to deal with the disease outbreak.
Ngo-February 2020, eChina kwasungulwa i-app yeselula yokusingatha ukuqubuka kwegciwane.
Users are asked to enter their name and ID number.
Abasebenzisi bacelwa ukuba bafake igama nenombolo ye-ID.
The app is able to detect 'close contact' using surveillance data and therefore a potential risk of infection.
Le app ikwazi ukubona 'uma usondelana nomuntu' isebenzisa idatha yokuthungatha okungaba ingozi yokungenwa igciwane.
Every user can also check the status of three other users.
Bonke abasebenzisi bangabheka isimo sabanye abasebenzisi abathathu.
If a potential risk is detected, the app not only recommends self-quarantine, it also alerts local health officials.Big data analytics on cellphone data, facial recognition technology, mobile phone tracking and artificial intelligence are used to track infected people and people whom they contacted in South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Uma kubonakala isimo esingaba yingozi, i-app ayikhuthazi kuphela ukuzihlukanisa nabantu, kodwa ixwayisa neziphathimandla zezempilo. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha eningi ngedatha yeselula, ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela ubuso, ukulandelela ucingo lweselula nolwazi olusunguliwe kuyasetshenziswa ekuthungatheni abantu abanegciwane nabantu ababathintile eNingizimu Korea, eTaiwan naseSingapore.
In March 2020, the Israeli government enabled security agencies to track mobile phone data of people supposed to have coronavirus.
Ngo-March 2020, uhulumeni wase-Israel wagunyaza ama-ejensi ezokuvikeleka ukuba alandelele idatha yocingo lweselula yabantu okucatshangwa ukuthi bane-coronavirus.
The measure was taken to enforce quarantine and protect those who may come into contact with infected citizens.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze bahlukaniswe nomphakathi futhi kuvikelwe labo okungenzeka bathintane nezakhamuzi ezinegciwane.
Also in March 2020, Deutsche Telekom shared aggregated phone location data with the German federal government agency, Robert Koch Institute, in order to research and prevent the spread of the virus.
Ngo-March 2020, i-Deutsche Telekom yabelana ngedatha yendawo yocingo ne-ejensi kahulumeni waseJalimane, i-Robert Koch Institute, ukuze kucwaningwe futhi kuvinjelwe ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane.
Russia deployed facial recognition technology to detect quarantine breakers.
I-Russia yasungula ubuchwepheshe bokuqaphela ubuso ukuze ithole abaphula imithetho yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi.
Italian regional health commissioner Giulio Gallera said he has been informed by mobile phone operators that "40% of people are continuing to move around anyway".
Isikhulu sezempilo sesifundazwe sase-Italy uGiulio Gallera wathi utshelwe izisebenzi zeselula ukuthi "u-40% wabantu uyaqhubeka uhambahamba".
German government conducted a 48 hours weekend hackathon with more than 42.000 participants.
Uhulumeni waseJalimane uqhube umncintiswano wokugqekeza ikhompyutha wamahora angu-48 ngempelasonto wababambiqhaza abangu-42,000.
Also the president of Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, made a global call for creative solutions against the spread of coronavirus.
Umongameli wase-Estonia, uKersti Kaljulaid, wenze isimemezelo sikazwelonke sezixazululo zokunqanda ukubhebhetheka kwe-coronavirus.
Individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment or fear of the infection itself.
Abantu bangase babhekane nokucindezeleka kokuhlaliswa bodwa, ukuvinjelwa ukuhamba, imithelela engemihle yokwelashwa noma ukwesaba ukungenwa igciwane ngokwako.
BBC quoted Rory O'Connor in saying, "Increased social isolation, loneliness, health anxiety, stress and an economic downturn are a perfect storm to harm people's mental health and wellbeing."
I-BBC icaphune uRory O'Connor ethi, "Ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi okuqhubekayo, isizungu, ukukhathazeka ngempilo, ukucindezeleka nokuwa komnotho kuyisiphepho esilimaza izingqondo zabantu nenhlalakahle yabo."
The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the common cold.
Igciwane lingase libe nemiphumela engatheni enezimpawu ezimbalwa noma engekho, efuze ezinye izifo ezivamile zomgudu ongenhla wokuphefumula njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover.
Izigameko ezivamile ziye zelapheke phakathi namaviki amabili, kuyilapho labo abangenwe igciwane elibi noma elibucayi bengathatha amaviki amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ukululama.
Pregnant women may be at higher risk for severe infection with COVID-19 based on data from other similar viruses, like SARS and MERS, but data for COVID-19 is lacking.In some people, COVID-19 may affect the lungs causing pneumonia.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangase babe sengozini enkudlwana yegciwane elibucayi le-COVID-19 ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kwamanye amagciwane afanayo, njenge-SARS ne-MERS, kodwa idatha ye-COVID-19 iyantula. Kwabanye abantu, i-COVID-19 ingathinta amaphaphu ibangele inyumoniya.
In those most severely affected, COVID-19 may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing respiratory failure, septic shock or multi-organ failure.
Kulabo abathinteke kakhulu, i-COVID-19 ingadlondlobala masinyane ibe yi-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ibangele umonakalo emgudwini wokuphefumula, i-septic shock noma ibulale izitho eziningi.
Complications associated with COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal clotting and damage to the heart, kidneys and liver.
Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 zihlanganisa i-sepsis, i-abnormal clotting nokulimala kwenhliziyo, izinso nesibindi.
Clotting abnormalities, specifically an increase in prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those admitted to hospital with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function is seen in 4% of this group.
Ama-clotting abnormalities, ngokukhethekile ukwanda kwesikhathi se-prothrombin, atholakale ku-6% walabo abalaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19, kuyilapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kubonakala ku-4% waleli qembu.
Approximately 20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 demonstrate elevated liver enzymes (transaminases).
Cishe u-20-30% wabantu abane-COVID-19 ubonisa ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme (transaminases).
According to the same report, the median time between onset of symptoms and death was ten days, with five being spent hospitalised.
Ngokombiko ofanayo, isilinganiso sesikhathi phakathi kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo nokufa yizinsuku eziyishumi, kanti ezinhlanu zichithwa esibhedlela.
However, patients transferred to an ICU had a median time of seven days between hospitalisation and death.
Nokho, iziguli ezidluliselwa e-ICU zibe nezinsuku ezingaba yisikhombisa phakathi kokulaliswa esibhedlela nokufa.
In a study of early cases, the median time from exhibiting initial symptoms to death was 14 days, with a full range of six to 41 days.
Ocwaningweni lwezigameko zokuqala, isilinganiso sesikhathi kusukela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu zokuqala zesifo kuya ekufeni kwakuyizinsuku ezingu-14, okuyingqikithi yezinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-41.
In a study by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China, men had a death rate of 2.8% while women had a death rate of 1.7%.
Ocwaningweni lwe-National Health Commission (NHC) eChina, isilinganiso sabesilisa abafayo singu-2.8% kuyilapho isilinganiso sabesifazane abafayo singu-1.7%.
Histopathological examinations of post-mortem lung samples show diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates in both lungs.
Ama-histopathological examinations amasampula okuhlolwa kwamaphaphu ezidumbu abonisa i-diffuse alveolar damage ne-cellular fibromyxoid exudates kuwo womabili amaphaphu.
Viral cytopathic changes were observed in the pneumocytes.
Ushintsho lwe-viral cytopathic lwabonakala kuma-pneumocytes.
The lung picture resembled acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Isithombe sephaphu sabonisa i-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
In 11.8% of the deaths reported by the National Health Commission of China, heart damage was noted by elevated levels of troponin or cardiac arrest.
Ku-11.8% wabantu abafayo ababikwa yi-National Health Commission eChina, ukulimala kwenhliziyo kwaphawulwa emazingeni aphakeme e-troponin noma ukuma kwenhliziyo.
According to March data from the United States, 89% of those hospitalised had preexisting conditions.Availability of medical resources and the socioeconomics of a region may also affect mortality.
Ngokwedatha yango-March evela e-United States, abangu-89% kulabo abalaliswa esibhedlela babenezifo kakade. Ukutholakala kwezinto zokwelapha nezici ezithinta umnotho nomphakathi zesifunda kungaba negalelo ekufeni kwabantu.
Estimates of the mortality from the condition vary because of those regional differences, but also because of methodological difficulties.
Izilinganiso zokufa kwabantu ngenxa yegciwane ziyahlukahluka ngenxa yalowo mehluko ezifundeni, kodwa nangenxa yobunzima ezindleleni ezisetshenziswayo.
The under-counting of mild cases can cause the mortality rate to be overestimated.
Ukuba mbalwa kwezimo ezingezimbi kakhulu kungabangela isilinganiso sabafayo sibe ngaphezu kokulindelekile.
However, the fact that deaths are the result of cases contracted in the past can mean the current mortality rate is underestimated.
Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi ukufa kungumphumela wezigameko zabathole igciwane ngokwedlule lingasho ukuthi isilinganiso sabantu abafayo manje siphansi.
Smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to require intensive care or die compared to non-smokers.Concerns have been raised about long-term sequelae of the disease.
Abantu ababhemayo banamathuba aphindeke izikhathi ezingu-1.4 okuthola izimpawu zesifo ezibucayi ze-COVID-19 futhi amathuba aphindeke izikhathi ezingaba ngu-2.4 okuthola ukunakekelwa kwesimo esibucayi noma ukufa uma beqhathaniswa nabantu abangabhemi. Kuye kwavezwa ukukhathazeka ngezifo zesikhathi eside zangaphambi kwegciwane.
The Hong Kong Hospital Authority found a drop of 20% to 30% in lung capacity in some people who recovered from the disease, and lung scans suggested organ damage.
I-Hong Kong Hospital Authority ithole ukwehla ngo-20% kuya ku-30% ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu kwabanye abantu abaluleme egciwaneni, namaskeni ephaphu abonisa ukuthi kungenzeka lilimele.
This may also lead to post-intensive care syndrome following recovery.
Lokhu kungaholela nasegciwaneni langemva kokunakekelwa okubucayi ngemva kokululama.
As of March 2020, it was unknown if past infection provides effective and long-term immunity in people who recover from the disease.
Ngo-March 2020, kwakungaziwa ukuthi igciwane elidlule lingasiza ekuvikelekeni okusebenzayo nokwesikhathi eside kubantu abalulamayo egciwaneni.
Immunity is seen as likely, based on the behaviour of other coronaviruses, but cases in which recovery from COVID-19 have been followed by positive tests for coronavirus at a later date have been reported.
Ukuvikeleka egciwaneni kubonakala kungenzeka, ngokusekelwe kwamanye ama-coronavirus, kodwa kuye kwabikwa izimo lapho ukululama ku-COVID-19 kuye kwalandelwa khona ukuhlolwa okuphozithivu kwe-coronavirus kamuva.
These cases are believed to be worsening of a lingering infection rather than re-infection.
Lezi zimo kucatshangwa ukuthi ziwukudlondlobala kwegciwane hhayi ukungenwa igciwane kabusha.
The virus is thought to be natural and have an animal origin, through spillover infection.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi igciwane lingokwemvelo futhi livela esilwaneni, labe selingena kubantu.
The actual origin is unknown, but by December 2019 the spread of infection was almost entirely driven by human-to-human transmission.
Umsuka okuyiwonawona awaziwa, kodwa ngo-December 2019 ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane cishe kwakuholwa ngokuphelele ukudluliselwa kwalo livela kumuntu liya komunye.
A study of the first 41 cases of confirmed COVID-19, published in January 2020 in The Lancet, revealed the earliest date of onset of symptoms as 1 December 2019.
Ucwaningo lwezigameko zokuqala ezingu-41 eziqinisekisiwe ze-COVID-19, olwashicilelwa ngo-January 2020 eLancet, lwabonisa ukuthi usuku lokuqala lokuqubuka kwezimpawu zesifo umhla ka-1 December 2019.
Official publications from the WHO reported the earliest onset of symptoms as 8 December 2019.
Izincwadi ezisemthethweni ze-WHO zabika ukuthi izimpawu zesifo zokuqala ngqa zaba khona ngomhla ka-8 December 2019.
Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Kusetshenziswa kabanzi izindlela eziningana zokubala abantu abafayo.
These numbers vary by region and over time and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak and population characteristics such as age, sex and overall health.
Lezi zinombolo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda nangokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zixhomeke ezingeni lokuhlola, ikhwalithi yesistimu yezokwelapha, izindlela zokwelapha, isikhathi kusukela ekuqubukeni kokuqala nezici zabantu njengeminyaka yobudala, ubulili nempilo.
In late 2019, WHO assigned the emergency ICD-10 disease codes U07.1 for deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and U07.2 for deaths from clinically or epidemiologically diagnosed COVID-19 without lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, i-WHO yabela amakhodi egciwane ezimo eziphuthumayo e-ICD-10, i-U07.1 eyababulewe yigciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 eliqinisekiwe elebhu kanti i-U07.2 eyababulewe yi-COVID-19 ehlonzwe abezokwelapha nabahlaziya igciwane ngaphandle kwegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 eliqinisekiwe elebhu. Isilinganiso sabafayo kunabanegciwane sibonisa inani labafayo lihlukaniswe ngenani labahlonziwe phakathi nesikhathi esinikeziwe.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) as of 17 April 2020.
Ngokwezibalo zeJohns Hopkins University, isilinganiso sabafayo kunabanegciwane emhlabeni wonke singu-6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) ngomhla ka-17 April 2020.
The number varies by region.Other measures include the case fatality rate (CFR), which reflects the percent of diagnosed individuals who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percent of infected individuals (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease.
Inani liyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda. Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa i-case fatality rate (CFR), okubonisa iphesenti labahlonziwe ababulawa igciwane, ne-infection fatality rate (IFR), okubonisa iphesenti labantu abanegciwane (abahlonziwe nabangahlonziwe) ababulawa igciwane.
These statistics are not time bound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution.
Lezi zibalo azisekelwe esikhathini futhi zilandela inani labantu abathile kusukela ekungenweni igciwane kuya ekuxazululweni kwesigameko.
While not all infected people develop antibodies, the presence of antibodies may provide information about how many people have been infected.
Nakuba kungebona bonke abangenwe igciwane ababa nezakhi zesifo, ukuba khona kwezakhi zesifo kunganikeza ulwazi lokuthi bangaki abantu abanegciwane.
In the epicentre of the outbreak in Italy, Castiglione d'Adda, a small village of 4600, 80 (1.7%) are already dead.
Endaweni enabantu abaningi abanegciwane e-Italy, eCastiglione d'Adda, indawo encane yabangu-4600, abangu-80 (1.7%) sebefile kakade.
In Gangelt, the disease was spread by Carnival festivals, and spread to younger people, causing a relatively lower mortality, and not all COVID-19 deaths may have been formally classified as such.
EGangelt, igciwane labhebhethekiswa imibuthano yeCarnival, futhi langena entsheni, okwabangela amanani aphansi okufa, futhi akubona bonke ababulawa yi-COVID-19 abaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengabanegciwane.
Furthermore, the German health system has not been overwhelmed.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu yezempilo yaseJalimane ayikabi namanani amakhulu.
In the Netherlands, about 3% may have antibodies, as assessed from blood donors.
ENetherlands, cishe u-3% kungenzeka unezakhi zesifo, njengoba kuhlole abathekelisi begazi.
69 (0.004% of the population) have been confirmed to have died from COVID-19.
Abangu-69 (u-0.004% wenani labantu) baqinisekisiwe ukuthi babulewe yi-COVID-19.
The impact of the pandemic and its mortality rate are different for men and women.
Igalelo lomqedazwe nesilinganiso sabafayo kuyahluka kwabesilisa nakwabesifazane.
Mortality is higher in men in studies conducted in China and Italy.
Inani labafayo liphakeme kwabesilisa ocwaningweni oluqhutshwa eChina nase-Italy.
The highest risk for men is in their 50s, with the gap between men and women closing only at 90.
Ingozi enkulu kakhulu kwabesilisa yilapho beneminyaka engu-50, futhi igebe phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane livaleka kuphela ku-90.
In China, the death rate was 2.8 percent for men and 1.7 percent for women.
EChina, isilinganiso sabantu abafayo sasingamaphesenti angu-2.8 kwabesilisa namaphesenti angu-1.7 kwabesifazane.
The exact reasons for this sex-difference is not known, but genetic and behavioural factors could be a reason.
Izizathu okuyizonazona zalo mehluko azaziwa, kodwa izici zezakhi zofuzo nokuziphatha zingaba isizathu.
Sex-based immunological differences, lesser prevalence of smoking in women and men developing co-morbid conditions such as hypertension at a younger age than women could have contributed to the higher mortality in men.
Umehluko wabanegciwane osekelwe ebulilini, inani eliphansi labavame ukubhema kwabesifazane kanye nabesilisa ababa nezinye izimo zokugula njenge-hypertension besebancane kunabesifazane kungaba negalelo enanini eliphakeme labesilisa abafayo.
In Europe, 57% of the infected individuals were men and 72% of those died with COVID-19 were men.
E-Europe, u-57% wabantu abanegciwane ngabesilisa kanti u-72% walabo ababulawa yi-COVID-19 kwakungabesilisa.
As of April 2020, the US government is not tracking sex-related data of COVID-19 infections.
Ngo-April 2020, uhulumeni wase-US awulandeleli idatha ehlobene nobulili wabanegciwane le-COVID-19.
Research has shown that viral illnesses like Ebola, HIV, influenza and SARS affect men and women differently.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukugula okubhebhethekayo njenge-Ebola, i-HIV, imfuluwenza ne-SARS kuthinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngezindlela ezingafani.
A higher percentage of health workers, particularly nurses, are women, and they have a higher chance of being exposed to the virus.
Inani eliphakeme lezisebenzi zezempilo, ikakhulu abahlengikazi, lingabesifazane, futhi banamathuba amaningi okuchayeka egciwaneni.
The World Health Organization announced on 11 February 2020 that the official name of the disease would be "COVID-19".
I-World Health Organization yamemezela ngomhla ka-11 February 2020 ukuthi igama elisemthethweni legciwane kuzoba yi-"COVID-19".
WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained that CO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease, and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified: 31 December 2019.
Undunankulu we-WHO uTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus wachaza ukuthi u-CO umelela u-corona, u-VI umelela u-virus, u-D umelela u-disease, kanti u-19 usho unyaka okuphawulwe ngawo ukuqubuka kokuqala: umhla ka-31 December 2019.
The name had been chosen to avoid references to a specific geographical location (e.g. China), animal species or group of people, in line with international recommendations for naming aimed at preventing stigmatisation.The virus that causes COVID-19 is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Leli gama lakhethwa ukuze lingabizwa ngegama lendawo ethile (njengeChina), izinhlobo zezilwane noma iqembu labantu, ngokuvumelana nokusikisela kwamazwe ahlukene ekuqambeni okuhloselwe ukuvimbela ukucwasa. Igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19 libizwa i-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.
I-WHO iphinde isebenzise elithi "igciwane le-COVID-19" nelithi "igciwane elibangela i-COVID-19" ezingxoxweni zomphakathi.
Both the disease and virus are commonly referred to as "coronavirus".
Kokubili isifo negciwane kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-coronavirus".
During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus".
Phakathi nokuqubuka kokuqala eWuhan, eChina, igciwane nesifo kwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-coronavirus" nangokuthi "i-coronavirus yaseWuhan".
In January 2020, WHO recommended 2019-nCov and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease in accordance with 2015 guidance against using locations in disease and virus names.
Ngo-January 2020, i-WHO yasikisela elithi 2019-nCov nelithi 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease njengamagama azosetshenziselwa igciwane nesifo ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zika-2015 ngokumelene nokusebenzisa izindawo emagameni ezifo namagciwane.
The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued on 11 February 2020.
Amagama asemthethweni elithi COVID-19 nelithi SARS-CoV-2 akhishwa ngomhla ka-11 February 2020.
Due to capacity limitations in the standard supply chains, some digital manufacturers are printing healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.
Ngenxa yokusweleka kwezinto ezimbonini ezikhiqizayo, abanye abakhiqizi bezinto zedijithali baphrinta izinto zezokwelashwa njengamaswabhu nezingxenye zama-ventilator.
In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup reverse-engineered and printed the required 100 valves overnight.
Ngokwesibonelo, lapho isibhedlela sase-Italy sidinga ngokuphuthumayo i-ventilator valve, futhi umhlinzeki engakwazi ukuyithumela ngesikhathi ebifuneka ngaso, inkampane yendawo yasebenzisa imishini yayo futhi yaphrinta ama-valve abedingeka angu-100 ngobusuku obubodwa.
After the initial outbreak of COVID-19, conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation emerged regarding the origin, scale, prevention, treatment and other aspects of the disease and rapidly spread online.
Ngemva kokuqubuka kokuqala kwegciwane le-COVID-19, izindaba ezicatshangelwayo, izindaba ezingamanga nezidukisayo kwavela ngokuqondene nemvelaphi, ukubhebhetheka, ukuvinjelwa, ukwelashwa nezinye izici zesifo futhi kwasakazeka masinyane ku-inthanethi.
Humans appear to be capable of spreading the virus to some other animals.
Abantu kubonakala bekwazi ukubhebhethekisa igciwane kwezinye izilwane.
The study failed to find evidence of viral replication in pigs, ducks, and chickens.
Ucwaningo luhlulekile ukuthola ubufakazi bokutheleleka kwezingulube, amadada, nezinkukhu ngegciwane.
No medications or vaccine is approved to treat the disease.
Ayikho imithi noma umgomo ogunyaziwe wokwelapha lesi sifo.
International research on vaccines and medicines in COVID-19 are underway by government organisations, academic groups and industry researchers.
Ucwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe lomgomo nemithi ye-COVID-19 luqhutshwa izinhlangano zohulumeni, amaqembu ezikole nabacwaningi bezimboni.
In March, the World Health Organization initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Ngo-March, i-World Health Organization yaqala "Ucwaningo OLUHLANGANISIWE" ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela yokwelashwa yemithi emine elwa negciwane esikhona okunamathemba amakhulu okuthi izosebenza.
There is no available vaccine, but various agencies are actively developing vaccine candidates.
Awukho umuthi wokugoma osukhona, kodwa ama-ejensi ahlukahlukene asebenzela ukusungula imithi yokugoma.
Previous work on SARS-CoV is being utilised because SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 both use the ACE2 receptor to enter human cells.
Umsebenzi owedlule we-SARS-CoV uyasetshenziswa ngoba i-SARS-CoV ne-SARS-CoV-2 kokubili zisebenzisa i-ACE2 receptor ukuze zingene kumaseli omuntu.
There are three vaccination strategies being investigated.
Kucwaningwa izindlela ezintathu zokugoma.
First, researchers aim to build a whole virus vaccine.
Okokuqala, abacwaningi bahlose ukwakha umuthi wokugomela igciwane.
The use of such a virus, be it inactive or dead, aims to elicit a prompt immune response of the human body to a new infection with COVID-19.
Inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwegciwane elinjengaleli, lingasebenzi noma lifile, iwukusungula ukusabela komzimba okulwa negciwane elisha le-COVID-19.
A second strategy, subunit vaccines, aims to create a vaccine that sensitises the immune system to certain subunits of the virus.
Indlela yesibili, ama-subunit vaccines, ihlose ukusungula umgomo owenza amasosha omzimba asabele ezicini ezithile zegciwane.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, such research focuses on the S-spike protein that helps the virus intrude the ACE2 enzyme receptor.
Uma kuyi-SARS-CoV-2, ucwaningo olunjalo lugxila kuphrotheni eyi-S-spike esiza igciwane lingene ku-ACE2 enzyme receptor.
A third strategy is that of the nucleic acid vaccines (DNA or RNA vaccines, a novel technique for creating a vaccination).
Indlela yesithathu yimigomo ye-nucleic acid (imigomo ye-DNA noma i-RNA, indlela entsha yokwakha umgomo).
Experimental vaccines from any of these strategies would have to be tested for safety and efficacy.On 16 March 2020, the first clinical trial of a vaccine started with four volunteers in Seattle.
Imigomo ecwaningwa nganoma iyiphi kulezi zindlela kuzofanele ihlolelwe ukuphepha nokusebenza. Ngomhla ka-16 March 2020, ucwaningo lokuqala lwezokwelashwa lomgomo lwaqala ngamavolontiya amane eSeattle.
The vaccine contains a harmless genetic code copied from the virus that causes the disease.Antibody dependent enhancement has been suggested as a potential challenge for vaccine development for SARS-COV-2, but this is controversial.
Umgomo uqukethe ikhodi yezakhi zofuzo engenalusongo ekopishwa egciwaneni elibangela isifo. Ukuthuthukiswa okusekelwe ezakhini zesifo kuye kwasikiselwa njengenselele yokusungulwa komgomo we-SARS-COV-2, kodwa lokhu akuqinisekisiwe.
There are more than 300 active clinical trials underway as of April 2020.
Kunocwaningo lwezokwelashwa olungaphezu kuka-300 oluqhubekayo kusukela ngo-April 2020.
Seven trials were evaluating already approved treatments for malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine.
Ucwaningo oluyisikhombisa beluhlola ukwelashwa osekugunyaziwe kakade kukamalaleveva, okubandakanya ucwaningo olune lwe-hydroxychloroquine noma i-chloroquine.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with nine phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Imithi esetshenziswa kabusha elwa negciwane yakha ingxenye enkulu yocwaningo eChina, kanti ucwaningo oluyisishiyagalolunye lwesigaba III lwe-remdesivir emazweni amaningana luzothumela umbiko ngasekupheleni kuka-April.
A dynamic review of clinical development for COVID-19 vaccine and drug candidates was in place, as of April 2020.Several existing antiviral medications are being evaluated for treatment of COVID-19, including remdesivir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon beta.
Ukubuyekezwa okunamandla kokusungulwa ngabezokwelapha komgomo we-COVID-19 nemithi engasetshenziswa ekwelapheni kwase kuqalile, ngo-April 2020. Imithi eminingana etholakalayo elwa negciwane iyacwaningwa ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, okubandakanya i-remdesivir, i-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine, i-lopinavir/ritonavir ne-lopinavir/ritonavir ixutshwe ne-interferon beta.
There is tentative evidence for efficacy by remdesivir, as of March 2020.
Kube nobufakazi obuphathekayo bokusebenza kwe-remdesivir, ngo-March 2020.
Clinical improvement was observed in patients treated with compassionate-use remdesivir.
Kubonakale intuthuko ekwelashweni kweziguli okubonakele ekusetshenzisweni ngokwanele kwe-remdesivir.
Phase III clinical trials are being conducted in the US, China and Italy.Chloroquine, previously used to treat malaria, was studied in China in February 2020, with preliminary results.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lweSigaba III luyaqhutshwa e-US, eChina nase-Italy. I-chloroquine, eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ekwelapheni umalaleveva, yacwaningwa eChina ngo-February 2020, kwavela imiphumela engakagunyazwa.
However, there are calls for peer review of the research.
Nokho, kuhlongozwa ukuba kuhlolwe imiphumela yocwaningo.
Korean and Chinese Health Authorities recommend the use of chloroquine.
Iziphathimandla Zezempilo zaseKorea naseChina zikhuthaza ukuba i-chloroquine isetshenziswe.
However, the Wuhan Institute of Virology, while recommending a daily dose of one gram, notes that twice that dose is highly dangerous and could be lethal.
Nokho, i-Wuhan Institute of Virology, nakuba ikhuthaza umthamo wansuku zonke oyigremu elilodwa, uphawula ukuthi kabili lowo mthamo uphakeme kakhulu futhi ungabulala.
On 28 March 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorisation for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine at the discretion of physicians treating people with COVID-19.The Chinese 7th edition guidelines also include interferon, ribavirin or umifenovir for use against COVID-19.
Ngomhla ka-28 March 2020, i-FDA yakhipha imvume yokusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo kwe-hydroxychloroquine ne-chloroquine ngokubona kodokotela abelapha abantu abane-COVID-19. Iziqondiso zohlelo 7 zaseChina zabandakanya i-interferon, i-ribavirin noma i-umifenovir ekwelapheni i-COVID-19.
Preliminary data indicate that high doses of ribavirin are necessary to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Idatha engakagunyazwa ibonisa ukuthi imithamo ephakeme ye-ribavirin iyadingeka ekuvimbeleni i-SARS-CoV-2 ku-in vitro.
Nitazoxanide has been recommended for further in vivo study after demonstrating low concentration inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.Studies have demonstrated that initial spike protein priming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
I-Nitazoxanide iye yasikiselwa ocwaningweni oluqhubekayo lwe-vivo ngemva kokubonisa ukuvinjelwa okungenamandla kwe-SARS-CoV-2. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwenyuka kokuqala kwe-protein priming nge-transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) kusemqoka ekungeneni kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ngokuthintana nesivimbeli se-ACE2.
The studies of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin have major limitations that have prevented the medical community from embracing these therapies without further study.Oseltamivir does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and has no known role in COVID-19 treatment.
Ucwaningo lwe-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine ikanye ne-azithromycin noma ngaphandle kwayo lunemingcele emikhulu evimbele umphakathi wezokwelashwa ekutholeni lokhu kwelashwa ngaphandle kocwaningo oluqhubekayo. I-Oseltamivir ayiyivimbeli i-SARS-CoV-2 ku-vitro futhi inendima engaziwa ekwelapheni i-COVID-19.
Cytokine storm can be a complication in the later stages of severe COVID-19.
I-Cytokine storm ingaba inkinga ezigabeni zakamuva ze-COVID-19 embi kakhulu.
There is evidence that hydroxychloroquine may have anti-cytokine storm properties.Tocilizumab has been included in treatment guidelines by China's National Health Commission after a small study was completed.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-hydroxychloroquine ingaba nezici ze-anti-cytokine storm. I-Tocilizumab iye yanezelwa eziqondisweni zokwelapha yi-National Health Commission yaseChina ngemva kokuphothulwa kocwaningo oluncane.
It is undergoing a phase 2 non randomised test at the national level in Italy after showing positive results in people with severe disease.
Kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesigaba 2 okungelona olungahleliwe esigabeni sikazwelonke e-Italy ngemva kokubonisa imiphumela ephozithivu kubantu abanesifo esinamandla.
Combined with a serum ferritin blood test to identify cytokine storms, it is meant to counter such developments, which are thought to be the cause of death in some affected people.
Ihlanganiswe nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-serum ferritin ukuze kutholwe ama-cytokine storms, ihloselwe ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwalokhu, okucatshangelwa ukuthi kuyimbangela yokufa kwabantu abathile abathintekile.
The interleukin-6 receptor antagonist was approved by the FDA based on retrospective case studies for treatment of steroid refractory cytokine release syndrome induced by a different cause, CAR T cell therapy, in 2017.
I-interleukin-6 receptor antagonist yagunyazwa yi-FDA ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwesikhathi esidlule ekwelapheni i-steroid refractory cytokine release syndrome ebangelwa yizinto ezihlukene, ukwelashwa ngeseli kwe-CAR T, ngo-2017.
To date, there is no randomised, controlled evidence that tocilizumab is an efficacious treatment for CRS.
Kuze kube manje, abukho ubufakazi obungahleliwe, obulawulwayo bokuthi i-tocilizumab iwukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-CRS.
Transferring purified and concentrated antibodies produced by the immune systems of those who have recovered from COVID-19 to people who need them is being investigated as a non-vaccine method of passive immunisation.
Ukudluliswa kwezakhi zesifo ezihlanziwe nezinamandla ezikhiqizwa amasosha omzimba alabo abalulamayo ku-COVID-19 kubantu abawadingayo kuyaphenywa njengendlela engadingi ukugoma kokuvikelwa okungatheni.
This strategy was tried for SARS with inconclusive results.
Le ndlela yazanywa ku-SARS futhi imiphumela ayaziwa.
Viral neutralisation is the anticipated mechanism of action by which passive antibody therapy can mediate defence against SARS-CoV-2.
I-viral neutralisation iyindlela elindelekile esetshenziswayo lapho ukwelashwa ngezakhi zesifo okungatheni kungadala ukuvikeleka ngokumelene ne-SARS-CoV-2.
Other mechanisms however, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and/or phagocytosis, may be possible.
Nokho ezinye izindlela, njenge-cellular cytotoxicity esekelwe ezakhini zesifo kanye/noma ne-phagocytosis, zingenzeka.
Other forms of passive antibody therapy, for example, using manufactured monoclonal antibodies, are in development.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngezakhi zesifo, ngokwesibonelo, kusetshenziswa izakhi zesifo ezinamaseli afanayo, ziyasungulwa.
Production of convalescent serum, which consists of the liquid portion of the blood from recovered patients and contains antibodies specific to this virus, could be increased for quicker deployment.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-convalescent serum, equkethe ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi elivela ezigulini eziluleme futhi enezakhi zesifo ezihlobene naleli gciwane, kungakhushulwa ukuze isheshe isetshenziswe.
Coronavirus diseases, a group of closely related syndromes
Izifo ze-coronavirus, iqembu lezifo ezihlobene ngokuseduze
Li Wenliang, a doctor at Central Hospital of Wuhan, who later contracted and died of COVID-19 after raising awareness of the spread of the virus.
U-Li Wenliang, udokotela e-Central Hospital yaseWuhan, kamuva owaba negciwane futhi wafa ngenxa ye-COVID-19 ngemva kokusiza ekuqwashiseni ngokubhebhetheka kwegciwane.