atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
More recently, alpaca coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E diverged sometime before 1960.
Muva nje, i-alpaca coronavirus ne-human coronavirus 229E yahlukana cishe ngaphambi kuka-1960.
MERS-CoV emerged in humans from bats through the intermediate host of camels.
I-MERS-CoV yavela kubantu isuka kumalulwane ngamakamela.
MERS-CoV, although related to several bat coronavirus species, appears to have diverged from these several centuries ago.
I-MERS-CoV, nakuba ihlobene nezinhlobo eziningana ze-coronavirus yamalulwane, kubonakala yahlukana nalawa eminyakeni eminingana edlule.
The most closely related bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV diverged in 1986.
I-coronavirus yamalulwane esondelene kakhulu ne-SARS-CoV yahlukana ngo-1986.
A possible path of evolution, of SARS coronavirus and keen bat coronaviruses, suggests that SARS related coronaviruses coevolved in bats for a long time.
Umzila wokuguquka ongaba khona, we-SARS coronavirus nama-coronavirus elulwane, usikisela ukuthi ama-coronavirus e-SARS aguquka kumalulwane isikhathi eside.
In the 1790s, equine coronavirus diverged from the bovine coronavirus after a cross-species jump.
Ngawo-1790, i-equine coronavirus yahlukana ku-bovine coronavirus ngemva kokushintsha kwezinhlobo.
Later in the 1890s, human coronavirus OC43 diverged from bovine coronavirus after another cross-species spillover event.
Kamuva ngo-1890, i-human coronavirus OC43 yashintsha ekubeni yi-bovine coronavirus ngemva kwesinye isigameko sokuguquka kohlobo.
It is speculated that the flu pandemic of 1890 may have been caused by this spillover event, and not by the influenza virus, because of the related timing, neurological symptoms, and unknown causative agent of the pandemic.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi umqedazwe womkhuhlane ngo-1890 kungenzeka wabangelwa yilesi sigameko, futhi hhayi igciwane lemfuluwenza, ngenxa yesikhathi esihlobene, izimpawu zesifo ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa, kanye ne-ejenti engaziwa eyimbangela yomqedazwe.
Human coronavirus OC43 besides causing respiratory infections is also suspected of playing a role in neurological diseases.
I-Human coronavirus OC43 ngaphandle kokubangela amagciwane okuphefumula isolwa nangokuba nendima ezifweni zezinzwa.
In the 1950s, the human coronavirus OC43 began to diverge into its present genotypes.
Ngawo-1950, i-human coronavirus OC43 yaqala ukuhlukana yaba izinhlobo zezakhi zamanje.
Phylogentically, mouse hepatitis virus (Murine coronavirus), which infects the mouse's liver and the central nervous system, is related to human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus.
Ngokuguquka, igciwane le-hepatitis yamagundane (i-Murine coronavirus), ebangela igciwane esibindini nakusistimu yezinzwa yegundane, lihlobene ne-human coronavirus OC43 ne-bovine coronavirus.
Human coronavirus HKU1, like the aforementioned viruses, also has its origins in rodents.
I-coronavirus yabantu i-HKU1, njengamanye amagciwane asebiziwe, nayo futhi inomsuka okumagundwane.
Coronaviruses vary significantly in risk factor.
Ama-coronavirus ahlukahluka kakhulu endabeni yobungozi.
Some can kill more than 30% of those infected, such as MERS-CoV, and some are relatively harmless, such as the common cold.
Amanye angabulala abangaphezu kuka-30% balabo abangenwe igciwane, njenge-MERS-CoV, futhi amanye awayona ingozi kangako, njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
Coronaviruses can cause colds with major symptoms, such as fever, and a sore throat from swollen adenoids.
Ama-coronavirus angabangela umkhuhlane onezimpawu zesifo ezimbi kakhulu, njengemfiva, kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu ngenxa yokuvuvuka kwama-adenoid.
Coronaviruses can cause pneumonia (either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia) and bronchitis (either direct viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis).
Ama-coronavirus angabangela inyumoniya (kungaba inyumoniya eyigciwane eliqondile noma inyumoniya yesibili eyigciwane) ne-bronchitis (kungaba i-bronchitis eyigciwane eliqondile noma i-bronchitis eyigciwane lesibili).
The human coronavirus discovered in 2003, SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections.Six species of human coronaviruses are known, with one species subdivided into two different strains, making seven strains of human coronaviruses altogether.
I-human coronavirus eyatholwa ngo-2003, i-SARS-CoV, ebangela i-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), ine-pathogenesis ehlukile ngoba ibangela amagciwane omgudu wokuphefumula ongenhla nongezansi. Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-human coronavirus ezaziwayo, futhi uhlobo olulodwa luhlukene lwaba izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene, okwakha izingxenye eziyisikhombisa zama-human coronavirus esewonke.
Four of these coronaviruses continually circulate in the human population and produce the generally mild symptoms of the common cold in adults and children worldwide: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Amane alawa ma-coronavirus aqhubeka ejikeleza esibalweni somuntu futhi akhiqiza izimpawu ezingezimbi ngokuvamile zomkhuhlane ovamile kubantu abadala nasezinganeni emhlabeni wonke: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Coronaviruses cause about 15% of commons colds.
Ama-coronavirus abangela cishe u-15% wemikhuhlane evamile.
The majority of colds are caused by rhinoviruses.
Iningi lemikhuhlane libangelwa ama-rhinoviruses.
The four mild coronaviruses have a seasonal incidence occurring in the winter months in temperate climates.
Ama-coronavirus amane angemabi anesenzakalo senkathi yonyaka esenzeka ezinyangeni zasebusika ezimweni zezulu ezikahle.
There is no preference towards a particular season in tropical climates.
Ayikho inkathi yonyaka engcono ezimweni zezulu ezikahle.
Four human coronaviruses produce symptoms that are generally mild:
Ama-human coronavirus amane akhiqiza izimpawu zesifo ezingezimbi ngokuvamile:
The virus was officially named the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Igciwane labizwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi yi-SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
More than 8,000 people were infected, about ten percent of whom died.
Bangaphezu kuka-8,000 abantu abangenwa igciwane, cishe amaphesenti angaba yishumi abo afa.
In September 2012, a new type of coronavirus was identified, initially called Novel Coronavirus 2012, and now officially named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Ngo-September 2012, kwatholwa uhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus, ekuqaleni lwabizwa ngokuthi yi-Novel Coronavirus 2012, futhi manje ibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yi-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
The World Health Organization issued a global alert soon after.
I-World Health Organization yakhipha isixwayiso somhlaba wonke ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
The WHO update on 28 September 2012 said the virus did not seem to pass easily from person to person.
Isibuyekezo se-WHO ngomhla ka-28 September 2012 sathi igciwane alibonakalanga lidlula kalula ukusuka kumuntu liye komunye.
However, on 12 May 2013, a case of human-to-human transmission in France was confirmed by the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
Nokho, ngomhla ka-12 May 2013, kwatholakala ukudluliselwa kwalo lisuka kumuntu liya komunye eFrance kwaqinisekiswa yi-French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
In addition, cases of human-to-human transmission were reported by the Ministry of Health in Tunisia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigameko zokudluliselwa kwalo lisuka kumuntu liya komunye zabikwa uMnyango Wezempilo eTunisia.
Two confirmed cases involved people who seemed to have caught the disease from their late father, who became ill after a visit to Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
Izigameko ezimbili eziqinisekisiwe zazihilela abantu okwabonakala bethole leli gciwane kubaba wabo owayengasekho, owagula ngemva kokuvakashela eQatar naseSaudi Arabia.
Despite this, it appears the virus had trouble spreading from human to human, as most individuals who are infected do not transmit the virus.
Naphezu kwalokhu, kubonakala sengathi leli gciwane alidlulanga kalula ukusuka kumuntu liya komunye, ngoba abantu abaningi abanegciwane abalidlulisi igciwane.
The final name for the virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Igama okwaphethwa ngalo legciwane yi-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
The only U.S. cases (both survived) were recorded in May 2014.In May 2015, an outbreak of MERS-CoV occurred in the Republic of Korea, when a man who had traveled to the Middle East, visited four hospitals in the Seoul area to treat his illness.
Izigameko okuwukuphela kwazo e-U.S. (bobabili abantu basinda) zarekhodwa ngo-May 2014. Ngo-May 2015, kwaqubuka i-MERS-CoV eRepublic of Korea, lapho umlisa owayesohambweni oluya eMiddle East, avakashela izibhedlela ezine eSeoul ukuze elaphe ukugula kwakhe.
This caused one of the largest outbreaks of MERS-CoV outside the Middle East.
Lokhu kwabangela okunye kokuqubuka okukhulu kunakho konke kwe-MERS-CoV ngaphandle kweMiddle East.
As of December 2019, 2,468 cases of MERS-CoV infection had been confirmed by laboratory tests, 851 of which were fatal, a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%.
Kusukela ngo-December 2019, abantu abangu-2,468 ababenegciwane le-MERS-CoV babeqinisekiswe ngokuhlola kwaselabhorethri, abangu-851 bagcina befile, okwaba isilinganiso sabangaba ngu-34.5% sabantu abafa.
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China.
Ngo-December 2019, kwabikwa ukuqubuka kwenyumoniya eWuhan, eChina.
On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Ngomhla ka-31 December 2019, lokhu kuqubuka kwatholakala ukuthi kuwuhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus, okwanikezwa igama ngaleso sikhathi elithi 2019-nCoV yi-World Health Organization (WHO), kamuva kwabizwa ngokuthi yi-SARS-CoV-2 yi-International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Some researchers have suggested the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market may not be the original source of viral transmission to humans.As of 17 April 2020, there have been at least 153,822 confirmed deaths and more than 2,240,191 confirmed cases in the coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.
Abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi i-Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market kungenzeka ayiwona umthombo wokuqala wokudluliselwa kwegciwane kubantu. Kusukela ngomhla ka-17 April 2020, sekuqinisekiswe ukufa okungenani kwabantu abangu-153,822 nabantu abangaphezu kuka-2,240,191 abaqinisekisiwe kulo mqedazwe wenyumoniya ye-coronavirus.
The Wuhan strain has been identified as a new strain of Betacoronavirus from group 2B with approximately 70% genetic similarity to the SARS-CoV.
Leli gciwane laseWuhan kuthiwa liyigciwane elisha le-Betacoronavirus elivela eqenjini 2B elinokufana okungaba ngu-70% kwezakhi ne-SARS-CoV.
The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus, so it is widely suspected to originate from bats as well.
Leli gciwane linokufana okungu-96% ne-coronavirus yamalulwane, ngakho abaningi basola ukuthi livela nasemalulwaneni.
The pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and nationwide lockdowns in several countries.
Umqedazwe uphumele ekuvinjelweni kwezihambi nama-lockdown kazwelonke emazweni amaningi.
Coronaviruses have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in veterinary medicine since the 1930s.
Ama-coronavirus aye abhekwa njengabangela igciwane ezilwaneni kusukela ngo-1930s.
Except for avian infectious bronchitis, the major related diseases have mainly an intestinal location.
Ngaphandle kwe-avian infectious bronchitis, izifo ezinkulu ezihlobene yilezo eziba sendaweni yamathumbu.
Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
Ama-coronavirus ngokuyinhloko abangela igciwane emgudwini ongenhla wokuphefumula nomgudu oxhumene osuka emlonyeni uya ezinqeni wezilwane nezinyoni.
They also cause a range of diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets, some of which can be serious and are a threat to the farming industry.
Aphinde abangele izinhlobo zamagciwane ezilwaneni ezifuywayo emaphandleni nasezindlini, ezinye zazo zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi ziwusongo embonini yezolimo.
In chickens, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, targets not only the respiratory tract but also the urogenital tract.
Ezinkukhwini, i-infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), i-coronavirus, ayihlaseli kuphela umgudu wokuphefumula kodwa futhi nomgudu womchamo.
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken.
Igciwane lingabhebhetheka ezithweni ezihlukene kuyo yonke inkukhu.
Economically significant coronaviruses of farm animals include porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, TGE) and bovine coronavirus, which both result in diarrhea in young animals.
Ama-coronavirus adala umonakalo emafamu ahlanganisa i-porcine coronavirus (i-transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, TGE) ne-bovine coronavirus, futhi womabili abangela isifo sohudo ezilwaneni ezisencane.
Feline coronavirus: two forms, feline enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a disease associated with high mortality.
I-Feline coronavirus: izinhlobo ezimbili, i-feline enteric coronavirus iyi-pathogen enobungozi obuncane kwezokwelashwa, kodwa ukuhlangana okungazelelwe kwale gciwane kungaphumela ku-feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), isifo esihlobene namazinga aphakeme okufa.
Similarly, there are two types of coronavirus that infect ferrets: Ferret enteric coronavirus causes a gastrointestinal syndrome known as epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), and a more lethal systemic version of the virus (like FIP in cats) known as ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC).
Ngendlela efanayo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-coronavirus angena kuma-ferret: I-ferret engena ku-coronavirus ibangela igciwane lomgudu osuka emlonyeni uya ezinqeni elaziwa ngokuthi yi-epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), nohlelo lwegciwane olubulala nakakhulu (njenge-FIP emakatini) olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC).
There are two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV), one that causes mild gastrointestinal disease and one that has been found to cause respiratory disease.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-canine coronavirus (CCoV), lolo olubangela igciwane elingelibi lomgudu osuka emlonyeni uya ezinqeni nalelo elitholakele elibangela isifo sokuphefumula.
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice.
I-mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) iyi-coronavirus ebangela isifo samagundane esiqumqedazwe esibulala abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinhlobo zamagundane aselabhorethri.
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) is highly infectious coronavirus of laboratory rats, which can be transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol.
I-sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) iyi-coronavirus eyigciwane elibulalayo lamagundane aselabhorethri, elingadluliseleka phakathi kwabantu ngokuthintana ngokuqondile nangokuhogela.
Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-MHV zibangela i-demyelinating encephalitis edlondlobalayo emagundaneni eye yasetshenziswa njengemodeli yomchamo ku-multiple sclerosis.
Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologists interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases.
Imizamo emikhulu yocwaningo iye yagxiliswa ekucaciseni indlela yokwakheka kwegciwane lama-coronavirus alezi zilwane, ikakhulu abahlaziyi bamagciwane abanesifiso sokwazi ngamagciwane ezilwane nadluliselwa esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu.
Porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs, TGEV).
I-porcine coronavirus (i-transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs, TGEV).
Bovine coronavirus (BCV), responsible for severe profuse enteritis in of young calves.
I-bovine coronavirus (BCV), enegalelo ekuvuvukaleni okubi kwamathumbu ematholeni.
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes mild enteritis in cats as well as severe Feline infectious peritonitis (other variants of the same virus).
I-feline coronavirus (FCoV) ibangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu okungekubi emakatini kanye ne-Feline infectious peritonitis (ezinye izinhlobo zegciwane elifanayo) embi kakhulu.
the two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV) (one causing enteritis, the other found in respiratory diseases).
izinhlobo ezimbili ze-canine coronavirus (CCoV) (olunye lubangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu, olunye lutholakala emagciwaneni okuphefumula).
Turkey coronavirus (TCV) causes enteritis in turkeys.
I-Turkey coronavirus (TCV) ibangela ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kumagalikuni.
Ferret enteric coronavirus causes epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.
I-Ferret enteric coronavirus ibangela ukuvuvukala kwamagciwane kwe-epizootic catarrhal kuma-ferrets.
Ferret systemic coronavirus causes FIP-like systemic syndrome in ferrets.
I-Ferret systemic coronavirus ibangela igciwane elinjenge-FIP kuma-ferrets.
Rabbit enteric coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhea in young European rabbits.
I-Rabbit enteric coronavirus ibangela isifo esibi somgudu osuka emlonyeni uya ezinqeni nohudo konogwaja abancane base-Europe.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED or PEDV), has emerged around the world.
Igciwane le-Porcine epidemic diarrhea (i-PED noma i-PEDV), iye yaqubuka emhlabeni wonke.
b'Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Igciwane le-b'Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) yigciwane elithelelanayo elibangelwa yi-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
Izimpawu zesifo ezivamile zibandakanya imfiva, ukukhwehlela, nephika.
Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhea, sore throat, loss of smell, and abdominal pain.
Ezinye izimpawu zingase zibandakanye ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bezicubu, uhudo, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukungezwa amaphunga, nobuhlungu esiswini.
The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to fourteen days.
Isikhathi ukusuka ekuchayekeni ukuya ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zesifo ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezinhlanu kodwa singasukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi nane.
While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure.
Nakuba iningi lezigameko liphumela ezimpawini zesifo, ezinye ziphumela kunyumoniya ebhebhethekayo nokufa kwezitho eziningi.
As of 17 April 2020, more than 2.24 million cases have been reported across 210 countries and territories, resulting in more than 153,000 deaths.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-17 April 2020, kuye kwabikwa izigameko ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.24 emazweni nasezindaweni ezingu-210, kwaphumela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-153,000.
More than 568,000 people have recovered.The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking.
Abantu abangaphezu kuka-568,000 baye balulama. Leli gciwane ngokuyinhloko lisakazeka phakathi kwabantu abathintanayo, ngokuvamile ngamaconsi amancanyana aphuma lapho ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ukhuluma.
While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than being infectious over long distances.
Nakuba la maconsi ephuma lapho uphefumula, ngokuvamile awela phansi noma ezintweni kunokuba abe amagciwane emabangeni amade.
People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth.
Abantu bangase bangenwe igciwane nangokuthinta indawo enegciwane bese bezithinta amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo.
The virus can survive on surfaces up to 72 hours.
Leli gciwane lingaphila ezintweni amahora angaba ngu-72.
It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab.
Lithathelana kakhulu phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo, nakuba lingabhebhetheka ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu zesifo nasezigabeni zakamuva zegciwane. Indlela evamile yokuxilonga yi-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ngeswabhu yamankanka.
The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamamaski kuyakhuthazwa kulabo abasola ukuthi banegciwane nabanakekeli babo.
Recommendations for mask use by the general public vary, with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use, and others requiring their use.
Ukusikisela kokuba umphakathi wonkana usebenzise imaski kuyahluka, ezinye iziphathimandla zithi awangasetshenziswa, ezinye zithi awasetshenziswe, kanti ezinye ziyaphoqa ukuba asetshenziswe.
Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19.
Njengamanje, awukho umgomo noma ukwelashwa okuqondile okulwa negciwane le-COVID-19.
Local transmission of the disease has been recorded in most countries across all six WHO regions.
Ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kuye kwatholakala emazweni amaningi kuzo zonke izindawo eziyisithupha ze-WHO.
Those infected with the virus may be asymptomatic or develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Labo abangenwa igciwane bangase bangabi nazimpawu zesifo noma babe nezimpawu zesifo ezinjengezomkhuhlane njengemfiva, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, nephika.
Emergency symptoms include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.
Izimpawu zesifo zesimo esiphuthumayo zibandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba obuphikelelayo noma ingcindezi, ukudideka, ubunzima bokuvuka, nobuso nezindebe eziluhlazana; kukhuthazwa ukuthola usizo lukadokotela masinyane uma lezi zimpawu zesifo zibonakala.
Less commonly, upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose or sore throat may be seen.
Okungavamile, izimpawu ezithinta ukuphefumula ngenhla ezifana nokuthimula, amafinyila noma umphimbo obuhlungu zingase zibonakale.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea have been observed in varying percentages.
Izimpawu zesifo emgudwini osuka emlonyeni uya ezinqeni njengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza nohudo ziye zabonakala ngamaphesenti ahlukahlukayo.
Some cases in China initially presented only with chest tightness and palpitations.
Ezinye izigameko eChina zaqale zadala kuphela ukuqina kwesifuba nokushaya ngamandla kwenhliziyo.
In some, the disease may progress to pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death.
Kwezinye, isifo singadlondlobala sibe yinyumoniya, sibulale izitho eziningi, futhi sibulale.
This is called the incubation period.
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi inkathi yokuvela kwezimpawu zesifo.
The incubation period for COVID-19 is typically five to six days but may range from two to 14 days.
Inkathi yokuvela kwezimpawu zesifo ye-COVID-19 ngokuvamile iba izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha kodwa ingasukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-14.
97.5% of people who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days of infection.Reports indicate that not all who are infected develop symptoms.
U-97.5% wabantu ababa nezimpawu zesifo uba nazo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-11.5 bengenwe isifo. Imibiko ibonisa ukuthi akubona bonke abangenwa igciwane ababa nezimpawu zesifo.
The role of these asymptomatic carriers in transmission is not yet fully known; however, preliminary evidence suggests that they may contribute to the spread of the disease.
Indima yalaba abangenazo izimpawu zesifo ekusidluliseleni kwabanye ayikaziwa ngokugcwele; nokho, ubufakazi bamanje busikisela ukuthi bangase babe negalelo ekubhebhethekeni kwegciwane.
The proportion of infected people who do not display symptoms is currently unknown and being studied, with the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reporting that 20% of all confirmed cases remained asymptomatic during their hospital stay.
Isibalo sabantu abangenwa igciwane abangabonisi izimpawu zesifo njengamanje asaziwa futhi sisacwaningwa, futhi i-Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) ibika ukuthi u-20% wabo bonke abangenwe igciwane ubulokhu ungenazimpawu zesifo ngesikhathi ulaliswe esibhedlela.
China's National Health Commission began including asymptomatic cases in its daily cases on 1 April; of the 166 infections on that day, 130 (78%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing.
I-National Health Commission yaseChina yaqala ukubandakanya izigameko zabangenazimpawu zesifo ezibalweni zayo zansuku zonke ngomhla ka-1 April; kwabanegciwane abangu-166 ngalolo suku, abangu-130 (78%) babengenazimpawu zesifo lapho behlolwa.
Both sputum and saliva can carry large viral loads.
Kokubili isikhwehlela namathe kungaqukatha igciwane.
Loud talking releases more droplets than normal talking.
Ukukhulumela phezulu kukhipha amaconsi amaningana kunokukhuluma okuvamile.
A study in Singapore found that an uncovered cough can lead to droplets travelling up to 4.5 meters (15 feet).
Ucwaningo eSingapore luthole ukuthi ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kokumboza kungaholela emaconsini ahamba amamitha angaba ngu-4.5 (amafithi angu-15).
Though the virus is not generally airborne, the National Academy of Science has suggested that bioaerosol transmission may be possible and air collectors positioned in the hallway outside of people's rooms yielded samples positive for viral RNA.
Nakuba igciwane ngokuvamile lingadluliseleki emoyeni, i-National Academy of Science isikisele ukuthi lingadluliseleka ngokuhogelwa futhi iziqongeleli zomoya ezisemaphaseji ngaphandle kwamagumbi abantu zakhipha amasampula aphozithivu egciwane le-RNA.
Some medical procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may cause respiratory secretions to be aerosolised and thus result in airborne spread.
Izinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha njengokufakwa kweshubhu ne-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) zingabangela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya ukuba zikhishelwe emoyeni futhi kuphumele ekubhebhethekeni ngokuhogelwa.
While there are concerns it may spread via feces, this risk is believed to be low.The virus is most contagious when people are symptomatic; while spread may be possible before symptoms emerge, the risk is low.
Nakuba kunokukhathazeka kokuthi lingabhebhetheka ngendle, lobu bungozi kucatshangwa ukuthi buncane. Igciwane lithelelana kakhulu lapho abantu benezimpawu zesifo; nakuba ukubhebhetheka kungenzeka ngaphambi kokubonakala kwezimpawu zesifo, ubungozi buncane.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) says while it is not entirely clear how easily the disease spreads, one person generally infects two to three others.The virus survives for hours to days on surfaces.
I- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ithi nakuba ingakacaci ngokuphelele indlela okulula ngayo ukuba igciwane libhebhetheke, umuntu oyedwa ngokuvamile uthelela abantu ababili noma abathathu. Igciwane liyaphila amahora kuya ezinsukwini ezintweni.
Specifically, the virus was found to be detectable for one day on cardboard, for up to three days on plastic (polypropylene) and stainless steel (AISI 304), and for up to four hours on 99% copper.
Ngokukhethekile, kwatholakala ukuthi igciwane liyaphila usuku olulodwa kukhadibhodi, izinsuku ezingaba zintathu kupulasitiki (i-polypropylene) nasensimbini (i-AISI 304), namahora angaba mane ethusini elingu-99%.
This, however, varies depending on the humidity and temperature.
Nokho, lokhu, kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomswakama nezinga lokushisa.
Soap and detergent are also effective if correctly used; soap products degrade the virus' fatty protective layer, deactivating it, as well as freeing them from skin and other surfaces.
Insipho nayo ingasebenza uma isetshenziswe kahle; imikhiqizo yensipho iyalunciphisa ulwelwesi oluvikelayo lwamafutha egciwane, ilubulale, futhi iyalususa esikhunjeni nakwezinye izindawo.
Other solutions, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate (a surgical disinfectant), are less effective.In a Hong Kong study, saliva samples were taken a median of two days after the start of hospitalization.
Ezinye izinsipho, njenge-benzalkonium chloride ne-chlorhexidine gluconate (isibulali magciwane sezindawo zokuhlinza), azisebenzi kahle. Ocwaningweni lwaseHong Kong, amasampula amathe athathwa ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuqala ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
In five of six patients, the first sample showed the highest viral load, and the sixth patient showed the highest viral load on the second day tested.
Ezigulini ezinhlanu kweziyisithupha, isampula lokuqala labonisa inani legciwane eliphakeme, futhi isiguli sesithupha sabonisa inani legciwane eliphakeme ngosuku lwesibili sihloliwe.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.
I-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) iyi-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus embi kakhulu, eqala ngokukhishwa kubantu abathathu abanenyumoniya yaxhumeka ezifweni eziningi ezimbi kakhulu zokuphefumula eWuhan.
All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.
Zonke izici zegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 elisha zivela kuma-coronavirus.
Outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV.
Lapho lingaphandle komzimba womuntu, igciwane libulawa insipho yasendlini, eqhumisa ibhamuza lalo elivikelayo. I-SARS-CoV-2 ihlobene eduze ne-SARS-CoV.
The lungs are the organs most affected by COVID-19 because the virus accesses host cells via the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is most abundant in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs.
Amaphaphu ayizitho ezithinteka kakhulu ku-COVID-19 ngoba igciwane lingena kumaseli ayinhloko nge-enzyme okuthiwa yi-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), etholakala ngobuningi ohlotsheni II lwamaseli e-alveolar emaphashini.
The virus uses a special surface glycoprotein called a "spike" (peplomer) to connect to ACE2 and enter the host cell.
Igciwane lisebenzisa i-glycoprotein ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-spike" (peplomer) ukuze lixhumane ne-ACE2 futhi lingene kuseli eyinhloko.
Acute cardiac injury was found in 12% of infected people admitted in hospital in Wuhan, China, and is more frequent in severe disease.
Ukulimala okubi kakhulu kwenhliziyo kwatholakala kubantu abangu-12% abanegciwane abalaliswe esibhedlela eWuhan, eChina, futhi kuyenzeka kakhulu ezifweni ezibucayi.
Rates of cardiovascular symptoms is high, owing to the systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression, but acute myocardial injury may also be related to ACE2 receptors in the heart.
Amazinga ezimpawu zesifo ze-cardiovascular aphezulu, abangela ukuvuvukala kwesistimu nokugula kwamasosha omzimba phakathi nokudlondlobala kwesifo, kodwa ukuhlaseleka kwenhliziyo okubucayi kungenzeka nako kuhlobene nama-ACE2 receptors enhliziyweni.
ACE2 receptors are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in heart function.
Ama-ACE2 receptors abonakala kakhulu enhliziyweni futhi ahilelekile ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo.
A high incidence of thrombosis (31%) and venous thromboembolism (25%) have been found in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections and may be related to poor prognosis.Autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 have found diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and lymphocyte-containing inflammatory infiltrates within the lung.
Isigameko se-thrombosis (31%) ne-venous thromboembolism (25%) sitholakele ezigulini zase-ICU ezinegciwane le-COVID-19 futhi kungenzeka kuhlobene ne-prognosis ebuthaka. Ukuhlonzwa kwabantu ababulewe yi-COVID-19 kubonise i-diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), nokuvuvukala okune-lymphocyte emaphashini.
Although SARS-COV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, patients with severe COVID-19 have symptoms of systemic hyperinflammation.
Nakuba i-SARS-COV-2 ine-tropism yamaseli e-ACE2-expressing epithelial omgudu wokuphefumula, iziguli ezine-COVID-19 ebucayi zinezimpawu zesifo se-systemic hyperinflammation.
In particular, pathogenic GM-CSF-secreting T-cells were shown to correlate with the recruitment of inflammatory IL-6-secreting monocytes and severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients.
Ngokukhethekile, ama-pathogenic GM-CSF-secreting T-cells abonakale ehambelana nokutholwa kwama-IL-6-secreting monocytes avuvukele nezimbangela zesifo ezimbi ephashini ezigulini ezine-COVID-19.
Lymphocytic infiltrates have also been reported at autopsy.
Kuye kwabikwa nama-lymphocytic infiltrates lapho kuhlolwa izidumbu.
The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.
I-WHO iye yashicilela amaphrothokholi amaningana okuhlola igciwane.
The standard method of testing is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Indlela evamile yokuhlola yi-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a nasopharyngeal swab; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.
Ukuhlola kuvame ukwenziwa kumasampula okuphefumula atholakala ngeswabhu yasemankankeni; nokho, iswabhu yasemakhaleni noma isampula le-sputum nalo lingasetshenziswa.
Results are generally available within a few hours to two days.
Imiphumela ngokuvamile itholakala ngemva kwamahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Blood tests can be used, but these require two blood samples taken two weeks apart and the results have little immediate value.
Ukuhlola igazi kungasetshenziswa, kodwa lokhu kudinga amasampula amabili egazi athathwa phakathi namaviki amabili futhi imiphumela inokubaluleka okuncane kwangaleso sikhathi.
Chinese scientists were able to isolate a strain of the coronavirus and publish the genetic sequence so laboratories across the world could independently develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect infection by the virus.
Ososayensi baseChina bakwazile ukuhlukanisa ingxenye ye-coronavirus nokushicilela ukulandelana kwezakhi ukuze amalabhorethri emhlabeni wonke akwazi ukuzisungulela ukuhlola kwe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ukuze kubonwe igciwane ngesifo.
As of 4 April 2020, antibody tests (which may detect active infections and whether a person had been infected in the past) were in development, but not yet widely used.
Kusukela ngomhla ka-4 April 2020, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zesifo (okungathola amagciwane asebenzayo nokuthi umuntu useke waba nalo yini igciwane) kwasungulwa, kodwa akukasetshenziswa kabanzi.
The Chinese experience with testing has shown the accuracy is only 60 to 70%.
Okutholwe amaShayina ekuhloleni kubonisa ukuthi ukunemba kungu-60 kuya ku-70% kuphela.
The FDA in the United States approved the first point-of-care test on 21 March 2020 for use at the end of that month.Diagnostic guidelines released by Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University suggested methods for detecting infections based upon clinical features and epidemiological risk.
I-FDA e-United States kwagunyaza ukuhlola kokuqala kokwelashwa ngomhla ka-21 March 2020 okwasetshenziswa ekupheleni kwaleyo nyanga. Iziqondiso zokuhlonzwa ezakhishwa yi-Zhongnan Hospital yase-Wuhan University zasikisela izindlela zokubona igciwane ngokusekelwe ezicini zokwelashwa nobungozi bokulawulwa kwesifo.
Bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution are common in early infection.
Ama-bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities asakazeka nge-peripheral, asymmetric ne-posterior avamile ekungenweni yigciwane.
Subpleural dominance, crazy paving (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and consolidation may appear as the disease progresses.
I-subpleural dominance, i-crazy paving (ukushuba kwe-lobular septal nge-variable alveolar filling), ne-consolidation ingase ivele njengoba isifo sidlondlobala.
Few data are available about microscopic lesions and the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Incane idatha etholakalayo ngama-microscopic lesions nange-pathophysiology ye-COVID-19.
The main pathological findings at autopsy are:
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ezatholwa ekuhloleni nazi:
Macroscopy: pleurisy, pericarditis, lung consolidation and pulmonary oedema
I-macroscopy: i-pleurisy, i-pericarditis, i-lung consolidation ne-pulmonary oedema
Four types of severity of viral pneumonia can be observed:
Izinhlobo ezine zobunzima begciwane lenyumoniya zingabonakala:
mild pneumonia: pulmonary oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia, large atypical pneumocytes, interstitial inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration and multinucleated giant cell formation
inyumoniya evamile: i-pulmonary oedema, i-pneumocyte hyperplasia, i-large atypical pneumocytes, i-interstitial inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration ne-multinucleated giant cell formation
severe pneumonia: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with diffuse alveolar exudates.
inyumoniya ebucayi: i-diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) ne-diffuse alveolar exudates.
DAD is the cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe hypoxemia.
I-DAD iyimbangela ye-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ne-severe hypoxemia.
healing pneumonia: organisation of exudates in alveolar cavities and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
inyumoniya elaphekayo: inhlanganisela ye-exudates kuma-alveolar cavities ne-pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
Blood: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); leukoerythroblastic reaction
Igazi: i-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); i-leukoerythroblastic reaction
Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include staying at home, avoiding crowded places, washing hands with soap and water often and for at least 20 seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.
Izinyathelo zokunciphisa amathuba okungenwa igciwane zihlanganisa ukuhlala endlini, ukugwema izindawo ezinezixuku, ukugeza izandla ngensipho namanzi kaningi imizuzwana engaba ngu-20, ukuzijwayelanisa nokuhlanzeka komlomo namakhala nokugwema ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala noma umlomo ngezandla ezingageziwe.
The CDC recommends covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and recommends using the inside of the elbow if no tissue is available.
I-CDC ikhuthaza ukuvala umlomo nekhala ngethishu lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula futhi ikhuthaza ukusebenzisa ingaphakathi lendololwane uma ithishu ingekho.
Proper hand hygiene after any cough or sneeze is encouraged.
Ukugezwa kahle kwezandla ngemva kokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula kuyakhuthazwa.
The CDC has recommended the use of cloth face coverings in public settings, in part to limit transmission by asymptomatic individuals.Social distancing strategies aim to reduce contact of infected persons with large groups by closing schools and workplaces, restricting travel and cancelling large public gatherings.
I-CDC ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu yokuvala ubuso lapho usemphakathini, ngokwengxenye ukuze unciphise ukungenwa yigciwane elivela kubantu abangenazimpawu zegciwane. Amasu okuziqhelelanisa nabantu ahloselwe ukunciphisa ukuthintana kwabantu abanegciwane namaqembu amakhulu ngokuvalwa kwezikole nezindawo zomsebenzi, ukuvimbela ukuhamba nokukhansela imibuthano emikhulu.
Distancing guidelines also include that people stay at least 6 feet (1.8 m) apart.
Iziqondiso zokuqhelelana zihlanganisa nokuthi abantu bahlale beqhelelene okungenani ngamafithi angu-6 (1.8 m).
There is no medication known to be effective at preventing COVID-19.As a vaccine is not expected until 2021 at the earliest, a key part of managing COVID-19 is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as "flattening the curve".
Awukho umuthi owaziwayo osebenzayo ekuvimbeleni i-COVID-19. Njengoba umgomo ungalindelekile kuze kube ngu-2021 okungenani, indlela ehamba phambili yokulawula i-COVID-19 ukuzama ukunciphisa amanani alabo abanegciwane, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukwenza umugqa ube isicaba".
The CDC also recommends that individuals wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty, before eating and after blowing one's nose, coughing or sneezing.
I-CDC ikhuthaza nokuba abantu bageze izandla njalo ngensipho nangamanzi okungenani imizuzwana engu-20, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuya endlini yangasese noma lapho izandla zibonakala zingcolile, ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokufinya, ukukhwehlela nokuthimula.
It further recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol, but only when soap and water are not readily available.For areas where commercial hand sanitisers are not readily available, the WHO provides two formulations for local production.
Ikhuthaza nokuba kusetshenziswe isanithayiza yezandla ene-alcohol okungenani engu-60%, kodwa kuphela uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali kalula. Ezindaweni lapho amasanithayiza ezandla engatholakali kalula khona, i-WHO inikeza izindlela ezimbili zokuyikhiqiza endaweni.
In these formulations, the antimicrobial activity arises from ethanol or isopropanol.
Kulezi zindlela, umsebenzi we-antimicrobial uvela ku-ethanol noma i-isopropanol.
Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis".
I-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziselwa ukusiza ekuqedeni ama-bacterial spores ku-alcohol; "akuyona ebulala igciwane ezintweni zokugeza izandla".
Glycerol is added as a humectant.
I-glycerol iyafakwa ukuze idale umswakama.
People are managed with supportive care, which may include fluid therapy, oxygen support, and supporting other affected vital organs.
Abantu belashwa ngokunakekelwa, okungahlanganisa ukwelashwa ngoketshezi, ukunikwa umoya-mpilo, nokusekela ezinye izitho ezibalulekile ezithintekile.
The CDC recommends that those who suspect they carry the virus wear a simple face mask.
I-CDC ikhuthaza ukuthi labo abanezinsolo zokuthi banegciwane bagqoke imaski yobuso evamile.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.
I-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) iye yasetshenziswa ekuxazululeni inkinga yokwehluleka ukuphefumula, kodwa izinzuzo zayo zisacatshangelwa.
Personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle and diet have been recommended to improve immunity.
Ukuhlanzeka, ukuphila kanye nokudla okunempilo kuye kwakhuthazwa ukuze ungangenwa igciwane.
Supportive treatments may be useful in those with mild symptoms at the early stage of infection.The WHO and Chinese National Health Commission have published recommendations for taking care of people who are hospitalised with COVID-19.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezisekela umzimba zingasiza kulabo abanezimpawu zesifo ezingezimbi abasanda kungenwa igciwane. I-WHO ne-Chinese National Health Commission zishicilele ukusikisela kokunakekela abantu abalaliswe esibhedlela abane-COVID-19.
Intensivists and pulmonologists in the U.S. have compiled treatment recommendations from various agencies into a free resource, the IBCC.
Ama-intensivists nama-pulmonologists e-U.S. ahlanganise izindlela zokwelashwa ezivela kuma-ejensi ahlukahlukene emthonjeni wamahhala, i-IBCC.
As of April 2020, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19.
Kusukela ngo-April 2020, ayikho indlela yokwelapha i-COVID-19.
For symptoms, some medical professionals recommend paracetamol (acetaminophen) over ibuprofen for first-line use.
Lapho kubonakala izimpawu zesifo, abanye odokotela bakhuthaza i-paracetamol (i-acetaminophen) kune-ibuprofen.
Precautions must be taken to minimise the risk of virus transmission, especially in healthcare settings when performing procedures that can generate aerosols, such as intubation or hand ventilation.
Kumelwe kuthathwe izinyathelo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane komunye, ikakhulu ezindaweni zokwelashwa lapho kwenziwa izinqubo ezingase zikhiqize ama-aerosol, njenge-intubation noma i-hand ventilation.
For healthcare professionals caring for people with COVID-19, the CDC recommends placing the person in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) in addition to using standard precautions, contact precautions and airborne precautions.The CDC outlines the guidelines for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic.
Kodokotela abanakekela abantu abane-COVID-19, i-CDC ikhuthaza ukugcinwa komuntu ku-Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) ngaphezu kokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezivamile, ukuvimbela ukuthintana nokuhogela igciwane. I-CDC ichaza iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwe-personal protective equipment (PPE) phakathi nomqedazwe.
The recommended gear is: PPE gown, respirator or facemask, eye protection, and medical gloves.When available, respirators (instead of facemasks) are preferred.
Izinto ezidingekayo: igawuni ye-PPE, i-respirator noma imaski yobuso, isivikeli samehlo, namagilavu odokotela. Lapho etholakala, kukhuthazwa ama-respirator (esikhundleni samamaski obuso).
N95 respirators are approved for industrial settings but the FDA has authorised the masks for use under an Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA).
Ama-N95 respirators agunyazelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini kodwa i-FDA igunyaze amamaski ukuba asetshenziswe ngaphansi kwe-Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA).
They are designed to protect from airborne particles like dust but effectiveness against a specific biological agent is not guaranteed for off-label uses.
Aklanyelwe ukuba avikele ezinhlayiyeni ezisemoyeni njengezintuli kodwa ukuvikelwa ku-ejenti yomzimba ethile akuqinisekisiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
When masks are not available, the CDC recommends using face shields or, as a last resort, homemade masks.
Uma amamaski engatholakali, i-CDC isikisela ukusebenzisa ama-face shields noma, uma ingekho enye indlela, amamaski okuzenzela.
Most cases of COVID-19 are not severe enough to require mechanical ventilation or alternatives, but a percentage of cases are.
Izimo eziningi ze-COVID-19 azizimbi kakhulu ukuba zingadinga i-mechanical ventilation noma ezinye izindlela, kodwa ezithile ziyakudinga.
The type of respiratory support for individuals with COVID-19 related respiratory failure is being actively studied for people in hospital, with some evidence that intubation can be avoided with a high flow nasal cannula or bi-level positive airway pressure.
Uhlobo lokusekelwa kwendlela yokuphefumula lwabantu abanenkinga yokuphefumula ehlobene ne-COVID-19 lusacwaningelwa abantu abasesibhedlela, futhi kunobufakazi obuthile bokuthi i-intubation ingagwenywa ne-high flow nasal cannula noma i-bi-level positive airway pressure.
Whether either of these two leads to the same benefit for people who are critically ill is not known.
Ukuthi lokhu okubili kuholela enzuzweni efanayo yini kubantu abagula kakhulu akwaziwa.
Some doctors prefer staying with invasive mechanical ventilation when available because this technique limits the spread of aerosol particles compared to a high flow nasal cannula.Severe cases are most common in older adults (those older than 60 years, and especially those older than 80 years).
Abanye odokotela bancamela ukuhlala ne-invasive mechanical ventilation uma itholakala ngoba le ndlela inciphisa ukusakazeka kwezinhlayiya ezihogelwayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-high flow nasal cannula. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zivamile kubantu abadala (abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60, ikakhulu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-80).
Many developed countries do not have enough hospital beds per capita, which limits a health system's capacity to handle a sudden spike in the number of COVID-19 cases severe enough to require hospitalisation.
Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka awanayo imibhede eyanele yasezibhedlela, okunciphisa inani labantu abangelashwa okubangela ukwehluleka ukusingatha ukwenyuka ngokungalindelekile kwenani labantu abane-COVID-19 ebucayi edinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
One study in China found 5% were admitted to intensive care units, 2.3% needed mechanical support of ventilation, and 1.4% died.
Olunye ucwaningo eChina lwathola abangu-5% befakwe endaweni yababangwa nezibi, abangu-2.3% bedinga ukusizwa nge-ventilation, kanti abangu-1.4% bafa.
In China, approximately 30% of people in hospital with COVID-19 are eventually admitted to ICU.
EChina, cishe u-30% wabantu esibhedlela abane-COVID-19 bagcina befakwe ku-ICU.