atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
A study published on 16 March found that in China, up to 23 January, an estimated 86% of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the infection source for 79% of documented cases.
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-16 March lwathola ukuthi e-China, kuze kube ngu-23 January, isilinganiso esingu-86% sokuthelelana nge-COVID-19 sasingakatholakali, futhi lokhu kuthelelana okungabhaliwe phansi yikona okungumthombo ka-79% wezibonelo ezibhalwe phansi zesifo.
A statistical analysis published 30 March estimated that numbers of infections in Italy were considerably greater than the reported cases.
Ukuhlaziya kwezibalo okwanyatheliswa ngo-30 March kwalinganisela ukuthi izinombolo zokutheleleka e-Italy ziphakeme kakhulu kunezibonelo ezibikiwe.
The initial estimates of the basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 were 1.4 to 2.4.
Ukulinganisela kokuqala kwesibalo esilula sokuzala (R0) se-COVID-19 besiku-1.4 kuye ku-2.4.
A study published by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention has concluded that it may be 5.7.
Ucwaningo olunyatheliswe i-US Center for Disease Control and Prevention luphethe ngokuthi kungase kube ngu-5.7.
Most people with COVID-19 recover.
Amantu abaningi abane-COVID-19 bayalulama.
For those who do not, the time from development of symptoms to death has been between 6 and 41 days, with the most common being 14 days.
Labo abangalulami, isikhathi kusukela ekwakhekeni kwezimpawu kuye ekufeni siphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-6 nezingu-41, ezivame kakhulu kube izinsuku ezingu-14.
As of 10 April 2020, approximately 97,000 deaths had been attributed to COVID-19.
Kusukela ngo-10 April 2020, okungenani ukufa kwabangu-97,000 kwabekwa njengesizathu se-COVID-19.
In China, as of 5 February about 80% of deaths were in those over 60, and 75% had pre-existing health conditions including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Official tallies of deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic generally refer to dead people who tested positive for COVID according to official protocols.
E-China, kusukela ngo-5 February cishe u-80% wabafile waba yilabo abangaphezulu kuka-60, futhi u-75% uvele unezinkinga ezingokwempilo ezikhona kakade ezihlanganisa izifo zenhliziyo noshukela. Izibalo ezisemthethweni zokufa ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ngokujwayelekile kubhekisela kubantu abafile abahlolwa baqinisekiselwa i-COVID ngokusho kwenqubo yomthetho.
The number of true fatalities from COVID-19 may be much higher, as it may not include people who die without testing - e.g. at home, in nursing homes, etc.
Isibalo sabafile esiyiqiniso se-COVID-19 kungenzeka sikhulu kakhulu, njengoba singahlanganisi wonke umuntu ofa ngaphandle kokuhlola - isib. ekhaya, ekhaya labadala, etc.
Partial data from Italy found that the number of excess deaths during the pandemic exceeded the official COVID death tally by a factor of 4-5x.
Idatha eyingxenye evela e-Italy yathola ukuthi isibalo sokufa okweqile phakathi nobhubhane yeqa izibalo ezisemthethweni zokufa ngenxa ye-COVID ngo-4-5x.
A spokeswoman for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledged "We know that [the stated death toll] is an underestimation", a statement corroborated by anecdotal reports of undercounting in the U.S. Such underestimation often occurs in pandemics, such as the 2009 H1N1 swine flu epidemic.The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.
Ongumkhulumeli we-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wavuma "Siyazi ukuthi[isibalo esikhishiwe sokufa] singaphansi ngokulinganisa", inkulumo ehambelana nemibiko ye-anecdotal yokubala ngaphansi e-U.S. Ukulinganisa ngaphansi okunjalo kuvamile ukwenzeka uma kunobhubhane, njengomshayabhuqe we-H1N1 swine flu ngo-2009. Ukufa okuqala okwaqinisekiswa kwaba e-Wuhan ngo-9 January 2020.
The first death outside mainland China occurred on 1 February in the Philippines, and the first death outside Asia was in France on 14 February.
Ukufa kokuqala okwenzeka ngaphandle kwezwe lase-China uqobo kwenzeka ngo-1 February e-Philippines, futhi ukufa kokuqala okwenzeka ngaphandle kwase-Asia kwenzeka e-France ngo-14 February.
By 28 February, outside mainland China, more than a dozen deaths each were recorded in Iran, South Korea, and Italy.
Ngo-28 February, ngaphandle kwezwe lase-China uqobo, ukufa kwabangaphezu kweshumi nambili kwaqoshwa e-Iran, e-South Korea, nase-Italy.
By 13 March, more than forty countries and territories had reported deaths, on every continent except Antarctica.Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Ngo-13 March, amazwe nezindawo ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amane ayesebike ukufa, kuwowonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Kunezinyathelo eziningana ngokuvamile ezisebenziselwa ukubala izinga lokufa.
These numbers vary by region and over time, and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak, and population characteristics such as age, sex, and overall health.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
Lezi zinombolo ziyahluka ngendawo nangaphezu kwesikathi, futhi zithonywa ubukhulu bokuhlola, isimo senqubo sokunakekela kwezezempilo, izinhlobo zokulashwa, isikhathi kusukela kuqale ukuqubuka, nezici zomphakathi njengobudala, ubulili, nempilo iyonke. I-death-to-case ratio ibonisa isibalo sabafile ubahlukanise ngenombolo yezibonelo ezihloliwe phakathi negebe elithile lenkathi.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.0% (97,039/1,617,204) as of 10 April 2020.
Ngokusekela ngezibalo ze-Johns Hopkins University, i-global death-to-case ratio ngu-6.0% (97,039/1,617,204) kusukela ngo-10 April 2020.
The number varies by region.
Isibalo siyahluka ngendawo.
In China, estimates for the death-to-case ratio decreased from 17.3% (for those with symptom onset 1–10 January 2020) to 0.7% (for those with symptom onset after 1 February 2020).Other measures include the case fatality rate (CFR), which reflects the percent of diagnosed people who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percent of infected (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease.
E-China, ukulinganisa kwe-death-to-case ratio kwehla kusuka ku-17.3% (kulabo abanezimpawu ezavela ngo-1–10 January 2020) kuye ku-0.7% (kulabo abanezimpawu ezavela ngo-1 February 2020). Ezinye izinyathelo zihlanganisa i-case fatality rate (CFR), yona ebonisa iphesenti yabantu abahloliwe abafayo ngenxa yesifo, ne-infection fatality rate (IFR), yona ebonisa iphesenti yabathelelekile (abahloliwe nabangahloliwe) abafayo ngenxa yesifo.
These statistics are not timebound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution.
Lezi zibalo azincikile esikhathini futhi zilandela inani labantu abathile kusuka ekuthelelekeni ngesixazululo sesibonelo.
A number of academics have attempted to calculate these numbers for specific populations.
Inqwaba yezifundiswa ike yazama ukubala lezizinombolo zamanani abantu athile.
The University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine estimates that the infection fatality rate for the pandemic as a whole is between 0.1% and 0.39%.
I-University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine ilinganisela ukuthi i-infection fatality rate yobhubhane selulonke iphakathi kuka-0.1% no-0.39%.
The upper estimate of this range is consistent with the results from the first random testing for COVID-19 in Germany, and a statistical study analysing the impact of testing on CFR estimates.
Ukulinganisa okuphakeme kwaleli banga kuyahambisana nemiphumela evela ekuhloleni okungahleliwe kwe-COVID-19 e-Germany, futhi ucwaningo lwezibalo ezihlaziya imiphumela yokuhlola okulinganiselwa yi-CFR.
The WHO asserts that the pandemic can be controlled.
I-WHO iyagomela ukuthi ubhubhane lungalawuleka.
The peak and ultimate duration of the outbreak are uncertain and may differ by location.
Iqophelo nobude bangempela bokuqubuka akuqinisekisi futhi kungahluka ngendawo.
Maciej Boni of Penn State University stated, "Left unchecked, infectious outbreaks typically plateau and then start to decline when the disease runs out of available hosts.
U-Maciej Boni we-Penn State University wathi, "Uma eyekwa engabhekiwe, ukuqubuka okuthelelanayo kuyadamba sdalwa bese kuqala ukuncipha lapho isifo siphelelwa abagcini esingabathola.
But it's almost impossible to make any sensible projection right now about when that will be".
Kodwa kucishe kube okungenakwenzeka ukwenza ukuqagela okusile njengamanje mayelana nokuthi lokho kuzoba nini".
The Chinese government's senior medical adviser Zhong Nanshan argued that "it could be over by June" if all countries can be mobilized to follow the WHO's advice on measures to stop the spread of the virus.
Umeluleki omkhulu wezokwelapha kahulumeni wase-China u-Zhong Nanshan wathi "kungenzeka kube skuphelile ngo-June" uma wonke amazwe engenza umnyakazo wokulandela izinyathelo ze-advn ye-WHO yokuvimba ukusabalala kwegciwane.
On 17 March, Adam Kucharski of the London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine stated that SARS-CoV-2 "is going to be circulating, potentially for a year or two".
Ngo-17 March, u-Adam Kucharski we-London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine wakhuluma wathi i-SARS-CoV-2 "izohamba izungeza, ngokunamandla unyaka owodwa noma emibili".
According to the Imperial College study led by Neil Ferguson, physical distancing and other measures will be required "until a vaccine becomes available (potentially 18 months or more)".
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-Imperial College eholwa ngu-Neil Ferguson, ukuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba nezinye izinyathelo kuzodingeka "kuze kube yilapho ikhambi litholakala (ngokuhlambisela izinyanga ezingu-18 noma ezengeziwe)".
William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University stated, "I think it's unlikely that this coronavirus—because it's so readily transmissible—will disappear completely" and it "might turn into a seasonal disease, making a comeback every year".
U-William Schaffner we-Vanderbilt University wathi, "Ngicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi le-coronavirus—ngoba idluliselana kalula—izonyamalala unomphela" ingase futhi "iphenduke isifo sezinkathi zonyaka, izibuyele njalo ngonyaka".
The virulence of the comeback would depend on herd immunity and the extent of mutation.
Indluzula yokubuya iyoncika ekuvikelekeni okuqinile komhlambi nezinga lokuzishintsha
Symptoms of COVID-19 can be relatively non-specific and infected people may be asymptomatic.
Izimpawu ze-COVID-19 zingaba ezingaqondile kokunye futhi abantu abathelelekile bangase bangabi nezimpawu.
The two most common symptoms are fever (88%) and dry cough (68%).
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezimbili ukushisa (88%) nokukhwehlela okomile (68%).
Less common symptoms include fatigue, respiratory sputum production (phlegm), loss of the sense of smell, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, headache, chills, vomiting, hemoptysis, diarrhea, or cyanosis.The WHO states that approximately one person in six becomes seriously ill and has difficulty breathing.
Izimpawu ezivame kancane zihlanganisa ukukhathala, ukwakheka kwamathe namafinyila esifubeni (phlegm), ukuphelelwa inzwa yokunuka, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu bomsipha namalunga, umphimbo obuhlungu, ukunkenketha kwekhanda, amakhaza, ukuhlanza, i-hemoptysis, uhudo, noma i-cyanosis. I-WHO ithe ngokungageji umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha ugula kakhulu futhi abe nenkinga yokuphefumula.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists emergency symptoms as difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, sudden confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.Further development of the disease can lead to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock and death.
I-U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inohlu olubonisa izimpawu zesimo esiphuthumayo njengobunzima lapho uphefumula, ubuhlungu obuphikelelayo esifubeni noma ukucindezeleka, ukudunyelwa esithubeni, ubunzima uma uvuka, nobuso obuhlaza noma izindebe; ukunakekela okusheshayo kwezokwelapha kuyakhuthazwa uma lezi zimpawu zikhona. Ukuthuthuka kwesifo kulokhu kungaholela kusifo senyumoniya enzima, i-acute respiratory distress syndrome, i-sepsis, i-septic shock nokufa.
Some of those infected may be asymptomatic, with no clinical symptoms but with test results that confirm infection, so researchers have issued advice that those with close contact to confirmed infected people should be closely monitored and examined to rule out infection.
Abanye balabo abathelelekile bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu, bangabi nezimpawu zokwelapha kodwa imiphumela yabo yokuhlola iqinisekisa ukutheleleka, ngakho abacwaningi sebekhiphe iseluleko sokuthi labo ababe nokuthintana okuseduze nalabo abaqinisekisiwe kumelwe baqaphwe eduze futhi bazilongwe ukuze kuqinisekwe unkungabikho kwesifo.
Chinese estimates of the asymptomatic ratio range from few to 44%.
Ukulinganisa kwe-China kwabangenazo izimpawu i-ratio range isuka kwabambalwa kuye ku-44%.
The usual incubation period (the time between infection and symptom onset) ranges from one to 14 days; it is most commonly five days.As an example of uncertainty, the estimate of the fraction of people with COVID-19 who lost their sense of smell was initially 30% and later fell to 15%.
Inkathi evamile yokufudumala (inkathi ephakathi kokutheleleka nokuvela kwezimpawu) kunebanga elisuka kolulodwa kuye kwezingu-14 izinsuku; ngokujwayelekile kuba izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ukwenza isibonelo sokungaqiniseki, ukulinganisa ingxenye yabantu abane-COVID-19 abalahlekelwa inzwa yapho yokunuka ekuqaleni yayingu-30% futhi kamuva yehla yaba ku-15%.
Some details about how the disease is spread are still being determined.
Eminye imininingwane yendlela isifo esisabalala ngayo isadingidwa kwayimanje.
The disease is believed to be primarily spread during close contact and by small droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking; with close contact being within 1 to 2 metres (3 to 6 feet).
Isifo sikholelwa ukuthi sisabalala ngokuyinhloko phakathi nokuthintana okuseduze nangamaconsi amancane akheka lapho ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ukhuluma; lapho othintana eduze engaba kumitha elingu-1 kuye ku-2 (u-3 kuye ku-6 amagxathi).
Studies have found that an uncovered coughing can lead to droplets travelling up to 4.5 metres (15 feet) to 8.2 metres (27 feet).
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukukhwehlela okungamboziwe kungaholela amaconsi ukuthi ahambe ibanga elingafika kumamitha angu-4.5 (15 amagxathi) kuye kumamitha angu-8.2 metres (27 amagxathi).
Some have proposed that the virus may also be transmitted by small droplets that stay for more prolonged periods in the air, that may be generated during speech.Respiratory droplets may also be produced during breathing out, including when talking, though the virus is not generally airborne.
Abanye baphakamise ukuthi igciwane lingase lidluliselwe ngamaconsi amancane ahlala isikhathi esijana emoyeni, angaba khona phakathi nokukhuluma. Amaconsana okuphefumula nawo angase akheke phakathi nokukhipha umoya wokuphefumula, kuhlanganise nalapho ukhuluma, yize ngokuvamile igciwane lingahambi ngomoya.
The droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
Amaconsi angahlala emilomeni noma emakhaleni abantu abaseduze noma kwenzeke ahogelwe angene emaphashini.
Some medical procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may cause respiratory secretions to be aerosolized and thus result in airborne spread.
Ezinye izinqubo zokwelapha njenge-intubation ne-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) angase abangele ukuchicha kokuphefumula ukuba kufutheke bese umphumela ube ukusaphazeka ngomoya.
It may also spread when one touches a contaminated surface, including skin, and then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth.
Ingase isabalale futhi lapho othile ethinta indawo enegciwane, okuhlanganisa isikhumba, bese ezithinta amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo.
While there are concerns it may spread by faeces, this risk is believed to be low.
Noma kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi ingase yande ngothuvi, ingozi ikholelwa ukuthi iphansi.
The Government of China denied the possibility of faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2.The virus is most contagious during the first three days after onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.
Uhulumeni wase-China uliphikile ithuba lokwenzeka kokuthatheleka kwegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 ngokuthinta umlomo ngemva kokuthintana nendle. Igciwane linengozi yokuthelelana kakhulu phakathi nezinsuku ezintathu zokuqala nje lapho kuvela izimpawu yize ukusabalala kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu futhi nasezigabeni zokugcina zesifo.
People have tested positive for the disease up to three days before onset of symptoms suggesting transmission is possible before developing significant symptoms.
Abantu bahlolwe batholakala benalo igciwane izinsuku ezifika kwezintathu ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpawu okubonisa ukuthi ukudlulisela kungenzeka ngaphambi kokwakheka kwezimpawu ezimqoka.
Only few reports of laboratory-confirmed asymptomatic cases exist, but asymptomatic transmission has been identified by some countries during contact tracing investigations.
Imibiko embalwa kuphela yezibonelo ezingenazo izimpawu eziqinisekiswe elebhu ebonisayo, kodwa ukudluliselana ngaphandle kwezimpawu kuye kwakhonjwa amanye amazwe phakathi nophenyo lokulandelela ukuthintana.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) states that while it is not entirely clear how easily the disease spreads, one person generally infects two to three others.The virus survives for hours to days on surfaces.
I-European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ibeka ukuthi yize ingacaci kahle indlela isifo esisabalala kalula ngayo, umuntu oyedwa ngokuvamile uthelela abanye ababili noma abathathu. Igciwane liqhubeka liphila amahora kuya ezinsukwini ngaphezulu kwezinto.
Specifically, the virus was found to be detectable for up to three days on plastic (polypropylene) and 304 stainless steel, for one day on cardboard, and for up to four hours on copper.
Ngokuqondile, igciwane litholakale litholakala kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezintathu kupulastiki (i-polypropylene) no-304 ku-stainless steel, usuku olulodwa kumakhadibhodi, futhu kuze kube amahora amane ethusini.
This, however, varies based on the humidity and temperature.Pets and other animals have tested positive for COVID-19.
Lokhu, kodwa, kuyahluka kuncike esimweni sokufudumala nezinga lokushisa nokubanda. Izilwane zasekhaya nezinye izilwane ziye zakholwa zatholakala ngempela zinayo i-COVID-19.
There is no evidence animals can pass the virus on to humans, though British authorities advise washing one's hands after contact with animals, like after contact with other surfaces infected people could have touched.
Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izilwane zingakwazi ukudlulisela igciwane kubantu, yize amaguya e-British eyala ukuthi umuntu azihlanze izandla ngemuva kokuthinta izilwane, njengoba kunjalo ngemva kokuthinta izindawo abantu abanegciwane okungenzeka bazithintile.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.
I-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) igciwane elisha, elaqala ukuhlukaniswa kubantu abathathu ababenesifo senyumoniya bexhumene noxhaxha lwezibonelo sokugula ngokuphefumula e-Wuhan.
All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.Outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which dissolves its protective envelope.SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV.
Zonke izimpawu zegciwane elisha le-SARS-CoV-2 zenzeka ngendlela ehlobene nemvelo yama-coronaviruses. Ngaphandle komzimba womuntu, igciwane liyafa ngenzipho yasekhaya, njengoba incibilikisa isivikelo sayo sangaphandle.I- SARS-CoV-2 ihlobene eduze ne-SARS-CoV yokuqala.
It is thought to have a zoonotic origin.
Icabangelwa ukuba nomsuka wokuthathelana ngokusuka esilwaneni.
Genetic analysis has revealed that the coronavirus genetically clusters with the genus Betacoronavirus, in subgenus Sarbecovirus (lineage B) together with two bat-derived strains.
Ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo kuveze ukuthi ngokofuzo i-coronavirus ibuthelana ndawonye nohlobo lwe-Betacoronavirus, izinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-Sarbecovirus (i-lineage B) zombili neminonjana ephuma kumalulwane.
It is 96% identical at the whole genome level to other bat coronavirus samples (BatCov RaTG13).
Iyafana ngo-96% kulo lonke izinga lezakhi lamasampula amanye amalulwane. (BatCov RaTG13).
In February 2020, Chinese researchers found that there is only one amino acid difference in certain parts of the genome sequences between the viruses from pangolins and those from humans.
Ngo-February 2020, abacwaningi base-China bathola ukuthi kune-amino acid eyodwa qwaba ehlukile ezingxenyeni ezithile zokuhleleka kwezakhi phakathi kwamagciwane avela kuma-pangolins nakulawo abantu.
Whole-genome comparison to date has found at most 92% of genetic material shared between pangolin coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2, which is insufficient to prove pangolins to be the intermediate host.
Konke ukuqhathanisa kwezakhi kuze kube kulolusuku kuthole ukuthi kungaba u-92% uqobo wezakhi ophakathi kwe-coronavirus ye-pangolin ne-SARS-CoV-2, okunganele ukuthi kufakazele ukuthi ama-pangolins angabagcini abaphakathi.
Infection by the virus can be provisionally diagnosed on the basis of symptoms, though confirmation is ultimately by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of infected secretions or CT imaging.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungenzeka kokunye kutholakale ngokubona izimpawu, yize ukuqiniseka ekugcineni kuvela ngokuguqula i-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) yokuchicha kothelelwe noma ngesithombe se-CT.
A study comparing PCR to CT in Wuhan has suggested that CT is significantly more sensitive than PCR, though less specific, with many of its imaging features overlapping with other pneumonias and disease processes.
Ucwaningo oluqhathanisa i-PCR ne-CT e-Wuhan luphakamise ukuthi i-CT izwela kangcono kakhulu kune-PCR, yize ukucaca kwayo kungaphansi, njengoba izithombe zayo eziningi zeqela kwezinye izinqubo zamanyumoniya nezifo.
As of March 2020, the American College of Radiology recommends that "CT should not be used to screen for or as a first-line test to diagnose COVID-19".
Kusukela ngo-March 2020, i-American College of Radiology iphakamisa ukuthi "i-CT akufanele isebenziselwe ukuphenya noma ukuthi ibe inqubo yokuqala yokuhlola i-COVID-19".
The WHO has published several RNA testing protocols for SARS-CoV-2, with the first issued on 17 January.
I-WHO isinyathelise imithetho emibalwa ye-RNA yokuhlola i-SARS-CoV-2, eyokuqala yakhishwa ngo-17 January.
The test uses real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Uvivinyo lusebenzisa i-real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
The test can be done on respiratory or blood samples.
Uvivinyo lungenziwa ngamasampula ekuphefumula noma ngegazi.
Results are generally available within a few hours to days.
Imiphumela ngokuvamile itholakala enkathini engaba amahora ambalwa kuye ezinsukwini.
Generally this test is carried out on a nasopharyngeal swab though a throat swab may also be used.A number of laboratories and companies are developing serological tests, which detect antibodies.
Ngokuvamile lolu vivinyo lwenziwa nge-swab ye-nasopharyngeal yize i-swab yomphimbo nayo ingasebenziswa. Isibalo samalebhu nezinkampani zithuthukisa ukuvuvinya ngendlela yemvelo, ekwazi ukuthola ama-antibodies.
As of 6 April 2020, none of these has been proved sufficiently accurate to be approved for widespread use.
Kusukela ngo-6 April 2020, ayikho neyodwa kulezi eye yaphuma phambili njengeyanele ngokunemba ukuba igunyazelwe ukusebenziswa yonke indawo.
In the US a serological test developed by Cellex has been approved for emergency use by certified laboratories only.
E-US uvivinyo lwenqubo engokwemvelo oluthuthukiswe i-Cellex ligunyaziwe ukuthi lisebenziswe ngezimo eziphuthumayo ngamalebhu anezitifiketi kuphela.
Characteristic imaging features on radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground glass opacities and absent pleural effusions.
Izici zesithombe sezimfanelo kuma-radiographs neze-computed tomography (CT) zabantu ababonisa izimpawu zihlanganisa i-asymmetric peripheral ground glass opacities ne-absent pleural effusions.
The Italian Radiological Society is compiling an international online database of imaging findings for confirmed cases.
I-Italian Radiological Society ihlanganisa ndawonye i-online database yomhlaba wonke yokutholwe ngezithombe zezibonelo eziqinisekisiwe.
Due to overlap with other infections such as adenovirus, imaging without confirmation by PCR is of limited specificity in identifying COVID-19.
Ngenxa yokugaxekela kwezinye izifo njenge-adenovirus, ukuthatha izithombe ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa kwe-PCR kuba nomkhawulo ekunembeni ukukhomba i-COVID-19.
A large study in China compared chest CT results to PCR and demonstrated that though imaging is less specific for the infection, it is faster and more sensitive, suggesting its consideration as a screening tool in epidemic areas.
Ucwaningo olukhulu e-China luqhathanise imiphumela yesifuba ye-CT neye-PCR futhi yabonisa ukuthi yize isithombe sinezinga elincane ekucaciseni ukutheleleka, siyashesha futhi sizwela kakhulu, okuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa njengethuluzi lokuvivinya ezindaweni epidemic zomqedazwe.
Artificial intelligence-based convolutional neural networks have been developed to detect imaging features of the virus with both radiographs and CT.
Ama-convolutional neural networks asekelwe ku-artificial intelligence athuthukisiwe ukuze akwazi ukuphenya izici zezithombe zegciwane ngawo womabili ama-radiographs ne-CT.
Strategies for preventing transmission of the disease include maintaining overall good personal hygiene, washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands, and coughing or sneezing into a tissue and putting the tissue directly into a waste container.
Amasu okuvikela ukudluliselana ngegciwane ahlanganisa ukugcina ngokuphelele inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuhlanza izandla, ukugwema ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo ngezandla ezingahlanziwe, nokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula usebenzisa iphepha lokusula bese ufaka iphepha lokusula ngokuqondile emgqomeni.
Those who may already have the infection have been advised to wear a surgical mask in public.
Labo okungenzeka ukuthi sebethole ukutheleleka bakhuthazwa ukuthi bagqoke isembozo sobuso emphakathini.
Physical distancing measures are also recommended to prevent transmission.Many governments have restricted or advised against all non-essential travel to and from countries and areas affected by the outbreak.
Izinyathelo zokuqhelelana ngokomzimba nakho kukhuthaziwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukudluliselana. Ohulumeni abaningi babeke imingcele noma baxwayisa ngohambo olungabalulekile oluya noma oluvela emazweni athintwe ubhubhane.
However, the virus has reached the stage of community spread in large parts of the world.
Kodwa, igciwane selifinyelele izinga lokusaphazeka emiphakathini kabanzi ezingxenyeni zomhlaba.
This means that the virus is spreading within communities, and some community members don't know where or how they were infected.Health care providers taking care of someone who may be infected are recommended to use standard precautions, contact precautions, and eye protection.Contact tracing is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of an infection and to prevent further transmission.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi igciwane lisaphazeka phakathi emiphakathini, futhi amanye amalungu omphakathi awazi ukuthi atheleleka kephi noma kanjani. Abahlinzekeli bezempilo abanakekela othile okungenzeka ukuthi uthelelekile bakhuthazwa ukuthi basebenzise indlela emisiwe yokuqapha, ukuqapha ukuthintana, nokuvikela amehlo. Ukulandelela abathintekile indlela ebalulekile kumagunya ezempilo babone umthombo wokuthelelana futhi bavimbe ukudluliselana okuqhubekayo.
The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Ukusebenzisa idatha yendawo evela komakhala ekhukhwini ngohulumeni ngalenjongo sekususe ukukhathazeka ngamalungelo obumfihlo, i-Amnesty International nezinye izinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-100 zikhipha isitatimende esibizela imingcele kule ndlela yokubhekwa.
Various mobile apps have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of April 7, 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Sekunama-app omakhal'ekhukhwini ahlukene afakiwe noma aphakamiselwe ukusebenziswa ngokuzithandela, futhi kusukela ngo-April 7, 2020, amaqembu ochwepheshe angaphezu kweshumi nambili abesebenza ngezixazululo ezizwana nobumfihlo, njengokusebenzisa i-Bluetooth ukuze ufake ilogi yokusondelana komsebenzisi kwabanye omakhal-ekhukhwini.
Users then receive a message if they've been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19.Misconceptions are circulating about how to prevent infection; for example, rinsing the nose and gargling with mouthwash are not effective.
Abasebenzisi sebengathola umyalezo lapho kwenzekile basondelana nothile ohloliwe waqinisekiswa ukuba ne-COVID-19. Kunemibono eyiphutha ezungezayo yezindlela zokuvikela ukutheleleka; ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlambulula ikhala nokuhahaza nge-mouthwash akusebenzi.
There is no COVID-19 vaccine, though many organizations are working to develop one.
Alikho ikhambi le-COVID-19, yize izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzela ekulakheni.
Hand washing is recommended to prevent the spread of the disease.
Ukuhlamba izandla kuyakhuthazwa ukuze kuvikelwe ukwanda kwesifo.
The CDC recommends that people wash hands often with soap and water for at least twenty seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty; before eating; and after blowing one's nose, coughing, or sneezing.
I-CDC iphakamisa ukuthi abantu bahlanze izandla njalo ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engamashumi amabili, ikakhulukazi lapho uphuma endlini yangasese noma izindla zibonakala ukungcola; ngaphambi kokudla; nangemuva kokufinya, kokukhwehlela, noma ukuthimula.
This is because outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.
Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ngaphandle komzimba womuntu, igciwane libulawa insipho yasekhaya, ngoba iqhumisa ibhamuza layo lesivikelo.
CDC further recommended using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol by volume when soap and water are not readily available.
I-CDC iphinde yakhuthaza ukusebenziswa kwe-sanitizer yesandla esekelwe nge-alcohol okungenani ibe no-60% we-alcohol ngevolumu uma insipho namanzi engatholakali ngaleso sikhathi.
The WHO advises people to avoid touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
I-WHO ikhuthaza abantu ukuthi bagweme ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo ngezandla ezingahlanziwe.
Surfaces may be decontaminated with a number of solutions (within one minute of exposure to the disinfectant for a stainless steel surface), including 62–71% ethanol, 50–100% isopropanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.2–7.5% povidone-iodine.
Izindawo zingakwazi ukuswa ukungcola ngezixazululo ezimbalwa (phakathi nomzuzu owodwa wokuchayeka kusibulala magciwane endaweni ye-stainless steel), kuhlanganisa u-62–71% we-ethanol, u-50–100% we-isopropanol, u-0.1% we-sodium hypochlorite, u-0.5% we-hydrogen peroxide, no-0.2–7.5% we-povidone-iodine.
Other solutions, such as benzalkonium chloride and chrohexidine gluconate, are less effective.
Ezinye izixazululo, njenge-benzalkonium chloride ne-chrohexidine gluconate, zisebenza ngezinga eliphansi.
The CDC recommends that if a COVID case is suspected or confirmed at a facility such as an office or day care, all areas such as offices, bathrooms, common areas, shared electronic equipment like tablets, touch screens, keyboards, remote controls, and ATM machines used by the ill persons, should be disinfected.
I-CDC ikhuthaza ukuthi uma isibonelo se-COVID sisolwa noma siqinisekiswa endaweni enjenge hhovisi noma inkulisa, zonke izindawo ezinjengama hhovisi, izindlu zangasese, izindawo ezivamile, imishini esebenziswa yibo bonke njengamathebhulethi, izikrini ezithintwayo, amakhibhodi, izilawula kude, nemishini ye-ATM abantu abagulayo abayisebenzisile, kumelwe ibulawe amagciwane.
Health organizations recommended that people cover their mouth and nose with a bent elbow or a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and disposing of any tissue immediately.
Izinhlangano zezempilo zikhuthaza ukuthi abantu bazisithe umlomo nekhala ngendololwane noma ngethishu lapho bekhwehlela, noma bethimula, bese belahla noma iyiphi ithishu ngokushesha.
Surgical masks are recommended for those who may be infected, as wearing a mask can limit the volume and travel distance of expiratory droplets dispersed when talking, sneezing, and coughing.
Amamaski abahlinzi aphakanyiselwa labo okungenzeka ukuthi bathelelekile, njengoba ukugqoka imaski kubeka umkhawulo ebuningini nebanga lamaconsi okuphefumula aphuma etsaza lapho ukhuluma, uthimula, futhi ukhwehlela.
The WHO has issued instructions on when and how to use masks.
I-WHO isikhiphe iziqondiso mayelana nesikhathi nendlela yokusebenzisa imaski.
According to Stephen Griffin, a virologist at the University of Leeds, "Wearing a mask can reduce the propensity [of] people to touch their faces, which is a major source of infection without proper hand hygiene."Masks have also been recommended for use by those taking care of someone who may have the disease.
Ngokusho kuka-Stephen Griffin, i-virologist e-University of Leeds, "Ukugqoka imaski kunganciphisa ukuthambekela [ya] kubantu ukuthi bazithinte ubuso, okuyiwona mthombo omkhulu wokutheleleka ngaphandle kwenhlanzeko efanele yezandla. "Amamaski aphinde akhuthazwa ukuba asebenziswe yilabo abanakekela othile okungenzeka ukuthi unesifo.
The WHO has recommended the wearing of masks by healthy people only if they are at high risk, such as those who are caring for a person with COVID-19, although they also acknowledge that wearing masks may help people avoid touching their face.
I-WHO ikhuthaze ukuthi abantu abangaguli bangagqoka amamaski kuphela uma besengozi ephakeme, njengalabo abanakekela umuntu one-COVID-19, yize futhi bevuma ukuthi ukugqoka amamaski kungabasiza abantu bagweme ukuzithinta ubuso.
Several countries have started to encourage the use of face masks by members of the public.
Amazwe amaningi aseqalile ukukhuthaza ukuthi amalungu omphakathi kumele asebenzise amamaski obuso.
In the U.S., the CDC recommends wearing non-medical face mask made out of cloth.China has specifically recommended the use of disposable medical masks by healthy members of the public, particularly when coming into close contact (1 metre (3 ft) or less) with other people.
E-U.S., i-CDC ikhuthaza ukugqoka imaski eyenziwe ngendwangu kunokusebenzisa eyabezempilo. I-China ikhuthaze ngokuqondile ukuthi amalungu omphakathi angaguli asebenzise amamaski abezempilo alahlwayo, ikakhulukazi lapho usondelana kakhulu ngo-(1 imitha (3 ft) noma ngaphansi) nabanye abantu.
Hong Kong recommends wearing a surgical mask when taking public transport or staying in crowded places.
I-Hong Kong ikhuthaza ukugqoka imaski yabahlinzi lapho uthatha izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi noma uhlezi ezindaweni ezigcwele.
Thailand's health officials are encouraging people to make cloth facemasks at home and wash them daily.
Abasebenzi bezempilo e-Thailand's bakhuthaza abantu ukuthi benze amamaski ngendwangu emakhaya bese bewahlanza nsukuzonke.
The Czech Republic and Slovakia banned going out in public without wearing a mask or covering one's nose and mouth.
I-Czech Republic ne-Slovakia yavala ngokomthetho ukuphumela emphakathini ungayigqokile imaski noma ukumboza ikhala nomlomo.
On 16 March, Vietnam requested everyone to wear a face mask when going to public areas in order to protect themselves and others.
Ngo-16 March, i-Vietnam yacela wonke umuntu ukuthi agqoke imaski lapho eya ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze azivikele yena futhi nabanye.
The Austrian government mandated that everyone entering a grocery store must wear a face mask.
Uhulumeni wasse-Austria waphoqa ukuthi wonke umuntu ongena esitolo sokudla kumele agqoke imaski yobuso.
Israel has asked all residents to wear face masks when in public.
U-Israel ucele zonke izakhamuzi ukuthi zigqoke imaski yobusa lapho zisemphakathini.
Taiwan, which has been producing ten million masks per day since mid-March, required passengers on trains and intercity buses to wear face masks on 1 April.
I-Taiwan, njengoba ibiqhubeka ikhiqiza amamaski ayizigidi eziyishumi ngosuku kusukela phakathi neyanga ka-March, icele abagibeli bezitimela namabhasi asedolobheni ukuthi bagqoke amamaski obuso ngo-1 April.
Panama has made it obligatory to wear a face mask whenever going outside, while also recommending the manufacture of a homemade face mask for those who cannot purchase face masks.
I-Panama isikwenze kwaba impoqo ukugqoka imaski yobuso noma nini lapho uphumela ngaphandle, ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhuthaza ukuzakhela wena ekhaya imaski yobuso kulabo abangakwazi ukuthenga amamaski obuso.
Face masks have also been widely used in Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Amamaski obuso abesetshenziswa kabanzi e-Japan, e-South Korea, e-Malaysia, nase-Singapore.
Social distancing (also known as physical distancing) includes infection control actions intended to slow the spread of disease by minimizing close contact between individuals.
Ukuzihlukanisa ngokuhlala (okwaziwa futhi ngokuthi ukuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba) kuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokulawula ukuthelelana okuhloselwe ukunensisa ukusabalala kwesifo ngokunciphisa ukuthintana eduze kwabantu.
Methods include quarantines; travel restrictions; and the closing of schools, workplaces, stadiums, theatres, or shopping centres.
Izindlela zihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa; imingcele kwezohambo; nokuvalwa kwezikole, izindawo zomsebenzi, izitediyamu, amatiyetha, nezikhungo zokuthenga.
Individuals may apply social distancing methods by staying at home, limiting travel, avoiding crowded areas, using no-contact greetings, and physically distancing themselves from others.
Abantu ngabanye bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzihlukanisa ngokuhlala emakhaya, ukukhawula ukuvakasha, ukugwema izindawo ezigcwele, ukubingelela ngaphandle kokuthintana, nokuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba kwabanye.
Many governments are now mandating or recommending social distancing in regions affected by the outbreak.
Ohulumeni abaningi manje sebephoqa noma bakhuthaza i-social distancing kulezo zindawo ezithintwe ubhubhane.
The maximum gathering size recommended by US government bodies and health organizations was swiftly reduced from 250 people (if there was no known COVID-19 spread in a region) to 50 people, and later to 10 people.
Isibalo esiphakeme sombuthano esiphakanyiswa amagatsha kahulumeni we-US nezinhlangano zezempilo yehliswa ngokuphazima kweso kubantu abangu-250 (uma kwakungekho ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19 endaweni) yabekwa ku-50 people, kwathi kamuva yafika kubantu abangu-10.
On 22 March 2020, Germany banned public gatherings of more than two people.Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, hypertension, and compromised immune systems face increased risk of serious illness and complications and have been advised by the CDC to stay home as much as possible in areas of community outbreak.In late March 2020, the WHO and other health bodies began to replace the use of the term "social distancing" with "physical distancing", to clarify that the aim is to reduce physical contact while maintaining social connections, either virtually or at a distance.
Ngo 22 March 2020, i-Germany yavala ngokomthetho umbuthano womphakathi ongaphezu kwabantu ababili. Abadala asebekhulile nalabo abanezimo zempilo ezikhona njengoshukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuphefumula, isifuthefuthe, namasosha omzimba awahlokayo babhekene nengozi yokugula okunzima nezinkinga futhi i-CDC ibaxwayisile ukuthi bahlale emakhaya ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinobhubhane. Ekuphetheni kuka-March 2020, i-WHO namanye amagatsha kwezempilo baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi 'ukuzihlukanisa ngokomzimba' esikhundleni salelo elithi 'ukuzihlukanisa ngokuhlalisana', ukuze kucace ukuthi inhloso ukunciphisa ukuthintana ngokomzimba ngesikhathi esifanayo kugcinwe ukuxhumana ngokuhlalisana, ngendlela ye-inthanethi noma ngokwesikhala.
The use of the term "social distancing" had led to implications that people should engage in complete social isolation, rather than encouraging them to stay in contact with others through alternative means.Some authorities have issued sexual health guidelines for use during the pandemic.
Ukusebenziswa kwetemu elithi "ukuzihlukanisa ngokuhlalisana" bese liholeleeziphethweni zokuthi abantu kumele bahlanganyele ngokuphelele ekuzihlukaniseni ngokuhlala, kunokuthi kubakhuthaze ukuthi baqhubeke bethintana nabanye ngezindlela ezihlukile. Amanye amagunya akhuphe iziqondiso kwezempilo yobulili ezingasebenziswa lapho kusaqhubeka ubhubhane.
These include recommendations to only have sex with someone you live with, who does not have the virus or symptoms of the virus.
Lezi zihlanganisa izikhuthazo zokuhlanganyela ubulili nomuntu ohlala naye kuphela, ongenalo igciwane noma izimpawu zegciwane.
Self-isolation at home has been recommended for those diagnosed with COVID-19 and those who suspect they have been infected.
Ukuzihlukanisa ngokuba sekhaya yikho okukhuthaziwe kulabo abatholakele ne-COVID-19 nalabo abasola ukuthi kungenzeka bathelelekile.
Health agencies have issued detailed instructions for proper self-isolation.Many governments have mandated or recommended self-quarantine for entire populations living in affected areas.
Abaphathela Ezempilo bakhiphe imiyalo enabile yokuzihlukanisa ngokuba sekhaya ngokufanele. Ohulumeni abaningi baphoqile noma bakhuthaza ukuzivalela kwawo wonke umuntu ohlala ezindaweni ezithintekile.
The strongest self-quarantine instructions have been issued to those in high risk groups.
Iziqondiso ezisinda kakhulu zokuzivalela ekhaya zidluliselwe lulabo abakumaqembu asengozini enkulu.
Those who may have been exposed to someone with COVID-19 and those who have recently travelled to a country or region with widespread transmission have been advised to self-quarantine for 14 days from the time of last possible exposure.
Labo okungenzeka bachayeke kothile one-COVID-19 nalabo abasanda kuvakashela izwe noma isifunda esinokudluliselana okwandile bakhuthaziwe ukuthi bazivalele izinsuku ezingu-14 kusukela ngesikhathi esingaba esokuchayeka okokugcina.
Strategies in the control of an outbreak are containment or suppression, and mitigation.
Amasu okulawula ubhubhane ukuvalela noma ukucindezela, nokunciphisa.
Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures of infection control and vaccinations to stop the disease from spreading to the rest of the population.
Ukuvalela kulandelelwa ezigabeni zokuqala zobhubhane futhi inhloso ukuthungatha bese kuhlukaniswa labo abathelelekile nokuthi kwethulwe ezinye izinhlelo zokulawula ukuthelelana kanye namakhambi ukuze kuvinjwe isifo singasabalali siye nakwabanye abantu.
When it is no longer possible to contain the spread of the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society.
Uma kungasenzeki ukuvalela ukusabalala kwesifo, imizamo ibe isisuka iye esigabeni sokunciphisa: kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunensisa ukusabalala nokunciphisa imiphumela yaso ekusebenzeni kwezokunakekela impilo nasemphakathini.
A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.
Ukubhanqa zombili izinyathelo zokuvalela nokunciphisa kungase kulandelelwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.
Ukucindezela kudinga izinyathelo eziqine kakhulu ukuze kuhlehliswe ubhubhane ngokunciphisa isibalo esilula zokuzala sibe ngaphansi kuka-1. Ingxenye yokunakekela ukuqubuka kwesifo esithathelanayo ukuzama ukunciphisa isiqongo somshayabhuqe, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukucabaza umugqa womshayabhuqe.
This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.
Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi imisebenzi yezezempilo itholakale ikhungatheka bese inikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthi imithi namakhambi kwakhiwe.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, wearing face-masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.
Ukungenela okungathinti ezemithi okungalawula ukuqubuka kuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuzivikela komuntu siqu, njengonhlanzeko yezandla, ukugqoka imaski yobuso, ukuzivalela, izinyathelo zomphakathi ezihlose ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba njengokuvala izikole nokukhansela izenzakalo zemibuthwano yeningi; ukuhlanganyela ekukhuthazeni umphakathi ukuthi wamukele futhi ubambe iqhaza ekungeneleni okunjalo such; kanjalo nezinyathelo ezingezemvelo njengokuhlanza izindawo. Izenzo eziqine kakhulu zokuvalela ukuqubuka zathathwa e-China lapho ubukhulu bezinga lokuqubuka bucaca, njengokuvala ngokuphelele amadolobha, nokuphoqa imithetho evikela ukuvakasha.
Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus.
Amanye amazwe nawo athole izinyathelo ezihlukene ezihloselwe ekubekeni umngcele ekusabalaleni kwegciwane.
South Korea introduced mass screening and localized quarantines, and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals.
I-South Korea yethule ukubukwa kweningi futhi yenza ukuvalelwa ngokwezindawo, futhi yakhipha izixwayiso ngokunyakaza kwalabo abathelelekile.
Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so.
I-Singapore ihlinzekele ukusekela kwezemali kulabo abathelelekile bazivalele futhi yaphoqa inkokhelo ephakeme kulabo abahlulekile ukwenza njalo.
Taiwan increased face mask production and penalized hoarding of medical supplies.Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges.
I-Taiwan ikhuphule umkhiqizo wamamaski obuso futhi yabeka isigwebo sokuqhwaga ngezimpahla zokwelapha. Ukulingisa isimo kwe-Great Britain ne-United States kubonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa (ukunensisa kodwa hhayi ukumisa ukwanda komshayabhuqe) futhi ukucindezela (ukuhlehlisa ukukhula komshayabhuqe) kunezinselele ezinkulu.
Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by 2/3 and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and health systems being overwhelmed.
Imithetho yokunciphisa eyinhloko ingase inciphise isidingo esinzima sezokunakekela impilo ngo-2/3 nokufa ngengxenye, noma kunjalo isiphetho kube ukufa kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane nokukhungatheka kwezinhlelo zezempilo.
Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available, if that comes first), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed.
Ukucindezela kungase kube ngcono kodwa kudinga ukugcinwa uma nje igciwane liqhubeka lizungeza umphakathi wesintu (noma kuze kube yilapho ikhambi litholakala, uma lokho kufika kuqala), njengoba ukudluliselana kugxuma ngokushesha lapho izinyathelo zikhululekiswa.