atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
I-SafeTrace isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe behadiwe obuvikelekile ukuze ivumele abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngedatha ebucayi yendawo nempilo nabanye abasebenzisi nabezomthetho, ngaphandle kokubeka ubumfihlo baleyo datha engozini.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Ngomhla ka-5 April 2020, i-TCN Coalition yomhlaba wonke yasungulwa amaqembu abehlanganiswe yilokho obekuyindlela efanayo namaphrothokholi ashiyana kakhulu, ngomgomo wokunciphisa ukuhlukana, futhi kuvunyelwe ukusebenziseka emhlabeni wonke kwama-app okuthungatha nokuxwayisa, isici esibalulekile ekwamukelweni kabanzi.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Ngomhla ka-9 April 2020, uhulumeni waseSingapore wamemezela ukuthi wenza isimemo sephrothokholi ye-BlueTrace esetshenziswa yi-app wayo kahulumeni esemthethweni.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Ngomhla ka-10 April 2020, i-Google ne-Apple, izinkampane ezilawula amapulatifomu eselula ye-Android ne-iOS, zamemezela indlela yokuthungatha abantu, futhi zagomela ngokuthi izobuvikela ubumfihlo, ngokusekelwe enhlanganiseleni yobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth Low Energy ne-cryptography evikela ubumfihlo.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Ziphinde zashicilela izici zobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswe kusistimu.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Ngokuvumelana ne-Apple ne-Google, isistimu kuhloswe ukuba ikhishwe ngezigaba ezintathu:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
ukukhishwa kwamathuluzi ukuze kuvunyelwe ohulumeni ukuba bakhe ama-app asemthethweni athungatha i-coronavirus avikela ubumfihlo
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
ukufakwa kwalesi sici ngokuqondile ohlelweni lwe-iOS ne-AndroidGoogle ne-Apple ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zokuqalisa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo ngokuthumela kuqala isistimu ngezibuyekezo ze-OS, futhi kamuva ukusikhipha ngendlela efanayo lapho usongo seludlulile.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Ukusungulwa komuthi we-b'COVID-19 kuyinqubo yocwaningo yokusungula umuthi owuthola kudokotela wokugoma noma wokwelapha ozonciphisa imiphumela emibi yesifo se-coronavirus sika-2019-20 (COVID-19).
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
I-International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ye-WHO yenze ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olungu-536 ukuze isungule izindlela zokwelapha zangemva kokungenwa yigciwane le-COVID-19, futhi kunemithi eminingana esunguliwe elwa negciwane yokwelapha amanye amagciwane ngaphansi kocwaningo lwezokwelapha ezosetshenziswa ngenye indlela.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
NgoMarch, i-WHO isungule "Ucwaningo OLUYIMBUMBA" emazweni angu-10, yabhalisa izinkulungwane zabantu abanegciwane le-COVID-19 ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela yokwelapha yemithi emine esikhona elwa negciwane okunamathuba amaningi okuba isebenze.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Ukubuyekeza okunamandla, okuhleliwe kwasungulwa ngo-April 2020 ukuze kulandelelwe inqubo yocwaningo lwezokwelashwa olubhalisiwe lokugomela i-COVID-19 nabantu abathola ukwelashwa ngomuthi. Ukusungulwa komgomo nomuthi kuyinqubo yezinyathelo eziningi, ngokuvamile edinga iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza komuthi omusha.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Ukusungulwa komuthi kuyinqubo yokuletha umuthi wokugoma noma wokwelapha isifo esisha emakethe lapho umuthi okuyiwona uye watholwa ngenqubo yokutholwa komuthi.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Kuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri ezintweni ezincanyana eziphilayo nasezilwaneni, ukugcinwa kwesimo esilawuliwe, njenge-FDA, lomuthi omusha ophenywayo ukuze kuqaliswe ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kubantu, futhi kungase kubandakanye isinyathelo sokuthola imvume elawulayo ngokubhalisa umuthi omusha ukuze kudayiswe umuthi.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Ukusungulwa komuthi olwa negciwane wokugoma noma wokwelapha i-COVID-19 kuqala ngokufanelanisa ikhemikhali nemekhenizimu ye-prophylactic yokusebenza komgomo nomuthi olwa negciwane ezintweni eziphilayo.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Izinkampane ezintsha zamakhemikhali (ama-NCE, aziwa nangokuthi izinkampane ezintsha zemolekhula noma ama-NME) ziyinhlanganisela ephuma enqubweni yokutholwa komuthi ukuze kucaciswe ikhendidethi yokugoma noma yomuthi olwa negciwane.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Lokhu kunomsebenzi othembisayo ngokumelene nethagethi yezinto eziphilayo ehlobene nesifo se-COVID-19.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Ekuqaleni kokusungulwa komgomo noma umuthi, kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuphepha, ubungozi, ukusebenza komuthi, ukugayeka nokusebenza kwe-NCE kubantu.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Ukusebenza nokuzibophezela ekusungulweni komuthi ukuba kuhlolwe wonke la mapharimitha ngaphambi kokuba ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwabantu lubonakale luphephile futhi lusebenza.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Omunye umgomo omkhulu wokusungulwa komuthi uwukusikisela umthamo neshejuli yokusetshenziswa okokuqala ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha lwabantu (i-"first-in-human" [FIH] noma i-First Human Dose [FHD], eyayaziwa ngaphambilini ngokuthi yi-"first-in-man" [FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungulwa komuthi kumelwe kubeke isisekelo sezici eziyi-physicochemical ze-NCE: ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo, ukuzinza, nokuncibilika.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Abasunguli kumelwe bathuthukise inqubo abayisebenzisela ukwenza ikhemikhali ukuze bathuthuke ekubeni ikhemisi lemithi elikhiqiza amamiligremu, kuye ekukhiqizeni amakhilogremu ukuya kumathani.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Baphinde bahlole ukufaneleka komkhiqizo ukuba ufakwe kumaphakheji njengamakhepsuli, amathebhulethi, ama-aerosol, umjovo wezicubu, umjovo wangaphansi kwesikhumba, noma imijovo yemithambo.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Zindawonye, lezi zinqubo zaziwa ekusunguleni kwangaphambi naphakathi kokwelapha njenge-chemistry, i-manufacturing, ne-control (CMC). Izici eziningi zokusungulwa komuthi zigxila ekwaneliseni izimfuneko ezilawulayo zeziphathimandla zamalayisensi omuthi.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Lezi ngokuvamile zakha ukuhlola okuklanyelwe ukubona ubungozi obukhulu nomuthi omusha ngaphambi kokuba usetshenziswe okokuqala kubantu.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Uhulumeni waseCanada umemezele izigidi ezingu-CA$275 zemali yamaphrojekthi ocwaningo angu-96 ekuvimbeleni ubungozi kwezokwelapha ngokumelene ne-COVID-19, okubandakanya iziguli ezigomayo eziningi emayunivesithi aseCanada, nezinhlelo zokusungula "ibhange lokugoma" lemigomo emisha ezosetshenziswa uma kuqubuka enye i-coronavirus.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Izinhlelo zocwaningo lwezokwelapha zibandakanya izigaba ezintathu, zeminyaka eminingi eholela ekugunyazweni komkhiqizo, kanye nesigaba sesine, sangemva kokugunyazwa sokuqashwa kokuphepha okuqhubekayo komuthi wokugoma noma owokwelapha:
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Ucwaningo lwesigaba I, ngokuvamile kumavolontiya ayimiqemane, lubonisa ukuphepha nomthamo.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Ucwaningo lwesigaba II lusetshenziselwa ukusungula umphumela wokuqala wokusebenza futhi uphinde uhlole ukuphepha emananini amancane abantu abanesifo esicwaningwa yi-NCE.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Ucwaningo lwesigaba III ucwaningo olukhulu, olubucayi lokuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza emananini amakhulu abantu abanesifo se-COVID-19.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Uma ukuphepha nokusebenza kubonakala ngokwanele, ukuhlola kwezokwelashwa kungase kumiswe kulesi sinyathelo futhi i-NCE iqhubekela esigabeni se-new drug application (NDA) ukuze iqale ukudayisa.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Ucwaningo lwesigaba IV ucwaningo lwangemva kokugunyaza okungenzeka luyisimo esifakwe yi-FDA, oluphinde lubizwe ngokuthi ucwaningo lokucubungula lwangemva kokudayisa.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Ngaphezu kokuhlola okudingekayo ukuze kufakwe umgomo noma umuthi olwa negciwane omusha emtholampilo okokuqala ngqa, abaklami kumelwe baqikelele ukuthi noma ibuphi ubungozi besikhathi eside noma obungamahlalakhona buyalungiswa, okubandakanya imiphumela yamasistimu abengahloliwe ngaphambilini (ukukhulelwa, ukukhiqiza kabusha, amasosha omzimba, phakathi kokunye).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
E-United States, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-"new drug application" noma i-NDA.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olusaklanywa lungase luchazwe ngokuthi "umklamo ovumelana nezimo" uma ukuqongelela idatha ocwaningweni kunikeza ulwazi olusha ngokusebenza okuhle noma okungekuhle komuthi.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke lwe-Solidarity and European Discovery lwabantu abasezibhedlela abanegciwane elibi le-COVID-19 lusebenzisa umklamo osebenzisekayo ukuze usheshe ushintshe izici zocwaningo njengomphumela wokuba khona kwezindlela zokwelapha ezine ezicwaningwayo.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Imiklamo evumelana nezimo phakathi nocwaningo lwezokwelapha Lwesigaba II-III kubantu abelashwayo inganciphisa isikhathi socwaningo futhi isebenzise abantu abambalwa, mhlawumbe kunqunywe ukumiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuphumelela, nokuxhumanisa ushintsho lomklamo locwaningo oluthile kuzo zonke izindawo emhlabeni jikelele.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Amakhendidethi amaningi omuthi omusha (ama-NCE) ayehluleka phakathi nokusungulwa komuthi, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi anobungozi obungamukeleki noma ngenxa yokuthi nje awabonakali efaneleka esifweni eselashwayo, njengoba kuboniswe Esigabeni II-III socwaningo lwezokwelapha.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Amanani okwehluleka okukhulu ahlobene nokusungulwa kwemithi abizwa ngokuthi "isilinganiso sobuthaka", okudinga izinqumo phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zokusungulwa komuthi ukuze "kubulawe" amaphrojekthi kusenesikhathi ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka okuyizindleko.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Olunye ucwaningo lwango-2010 lwahlola kokubili izindleko eziqongelelwe nezikhokhelwe zokufaka umuthi omusha owodwa emakethe okwaba amabhiliyoni angu-US$1.8 nezigidi ezingu-$870, ngokulandelana.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Isillinganiso semidiya esindleko zocwaningo luka-2015-16 ekusungulweni kwemithi elwa nomdlavuza engu-10 saba izigidi ezingu-$648.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Ekubuyekezeni kwango-2016 kwamakhendidethi omuthi angu-106 ahlolwa ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha, ingqikithi yezindleko eziyinhloko zomklami onomuthi ogunyazwe ngocwaningo oluphumelele Lwesigaba III yaba amabhiliyoni angu-$2.6 (ngamadola ango-2013), inani elinyuka ngesilinganiso saminyaka yonke esingu-8.5%.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Ucwaningo oluyisikhombisa beluhlola imithi esetshenziswa kabusha esigunyaziwe kakade ekwelapheni umalaleveva, okubandakanya ucwaningo olune lwe-hydroxychloroquine noma i-chloroquine phosphate.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Imithi elwa negciwane esetshenziswa kabusha iyingxenye enkulu yocwaningo lwaseChina, futhi ucwaningo olungu-9 Lwesigaba III lwe-remdesivir emazweni amaningana luzokhipha umbiko ngasekupheleni kuka-April.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Iholwa yi-Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation nabalingane abatshale imali eyizigidi ezingu-US$125 futhi abaxhumene ne-World Health Organization, i-COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator yaqala ngo-March, yahlela abacwaningi abaklama umuthi ukuba basheshe bathole, bahlole, basungule, futhi bahlaziye imithi engasetshenziswa.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
I-COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition yakhiwa ukuze ixhumanise futhi kusheshiswe imiphumela esuka ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha lwakwamanye amazwe ekwelashweni kwangemva kokungenwa igciwane okwethenjwayo.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2020, imithi elwa negciwane eminingana esunguliwe yokwelapha amanye amagciwane abesetshenziswa kabusha noma esungulwa emizamweni emisha yocwaningo lwezokwelapha ukuze kuncishiswe isifo se-COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Kumuthi osugunyaziwe kakade (njenge-hydroxychloroquine yomalaleveva), ucwaningo Lwesigaba III-IV lubona kubantu abangamakhulu ukuya ezinkulungwaneni abanegciwane le-COVID-19 ukusetshenziswa okweluliwe komuthi osugunyaziwe kakade ekwelapheni igciwane le-COVID-19.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-April 2020, amakhendidethi angu-103 asiza ekwelapheni abesekusungulweni kwangaphambi kokwelashwa noma esitejini Sesigaba I-IV, futhi imiphumela yocwaningo yamakhendidethi angu-29 omuthi ibilindelwe phakathi no-April.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Ngo-March, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yasungula "Ucwaningo oluyimbumba" oluhlanganyelwayo emazweni angu-10 ukuze kusheshe kuhlolwe kubantu abayizinkulungwane abanegciwane le-COVID-19 ukusebenza kwama-ejenti alwa negciwane atholakalayo nadambisayo abengakahlolelwa ngokukhethekile ukugula kwe-COVID-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Ingabe ikhona imithi enciphisa abantu abafayo?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Ingabe ikhona imithi enciphisa isikhathi isiguli esilaliswa ngaso esibhedlela?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Ingabe ukwelashwa kuyasithinta isidingo sokuba abantu abanenyumoniya edalwe yi-COVID-19 bahlolwe noma bagcinwe benakekelwa ngokucophelela?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Ingabe imithi enjalo ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukugula kwegciwane le-COVID-19 ezisebenzini zezempilo nakubantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo esibi? Ukubhalisa abantu abanegciwane le-COVID-19 kwenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa idatha egciniwe, okubandakanya imvume enolwazi, kuwebusayithi ye-WHO.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Ngemva kokuba izisebenzi zocwaningo sezithole imithi etholakalayo esibhedlela, iwebusayithi ye-WHO iqokela ngokungahleliwe umuntu osesibhedlela umuthi owodwa wocwaningo noma indlela evamile yokwelapha i-COVID-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Udokotela wocwaningo urekhoda futhi athumele ulwazi lokulandelela ngesimo sesiguli nokwelashwa kwaso, agcwalise idatha ngewebusayithi ye-WHO Solidarity.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Ibhodi yokuqapha ukuphepha emhlabeni wonke yodokotela be-WHO ihlola imiphumela ukuze isize ezinqumweni zokuphepha nokusebenza kwemithi yocwaningo, futhi ishintshe umklamo wocwaningo noma isikisele ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Ucwaningo olufanayo olusekelwe kuwebhu Oluhlanganyelwayo, olubizwa ngokuthi yi-"Discovery", lwasungulwa ngo-March emazweni ayisikhombisa yi-INSERM (eParis, eFrance). Phakathi no-March, izimali zocwaningo locwaningo Oluhlanganyelwayo zafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-US$108 ezivela kubantu, izinhlangano nohulumeni abangu-203,000, futhi amazwe angu-45 ahileleka ekuxhaseni noma ekulawuleni ucwaningo.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Imithi yamakhendidethi eminingana ngaphansi kocwaningo njengokwelashwa "kokusekela" ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlungu phakathi nokugula, njengama-NSAID noma izifutho, azihlanganisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Abanye abasocwaningweni lweziteji zokuqala Zesigaba II noma amakhendidethi amaningi elashwayo ocwaningweni Lwesigaba I, nabo abahlanganisiwe.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Amakhendidethi omuthi ocwaningweni Lwesigaba I-II anezinga eliphansi lempumelelo (ngaphansi kula-12%) ukuze adlule kuzo zonke izigaba zocwaningo futhi athole ukugunyazwa.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
I-hydroxychloroquine itholakala kakhudlwana kune-chloroquine e-United States.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Nakuba amazwe amaningana esebenzisa i-chloroquine noma i-hydroxychloroquine ekwelapheni abantu abasezibhedlela abane-COVID-19, kusukela ngo-March 2020 umuthi ubungakagunyazwa ngokomthetho ngocwaningo lwezokwelashwa e-United States.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
I-chloroquine iye yanconywa iziphathimandla zezempilo zaseChina, eNingizimu Korea nase-Italy ekwelapheni i-COVID-19, nakuba la ma-ejensi ne-US CDC yaphawula izinkinga kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Yomibili imithi isebenza ngendlela ephawulekayo nemithi enikezwa ngodokotela, ithinte umthamo wokwelashwa nokudamba kwesifo.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Abantu abathile bavukwa yi-aleji uma bephuza le mithi. Ngo-12 April, ucwaningo lwezokwelashwa lokulungiselela olwaluqhutshwa esibhedlela saseBrazil lwamiswa lapho abantu abaningana abanikezwa imithamo ephakeme ye-chloroquine ekwelapheni igciwane le-COVID-19 baba nezinkinga zenhliziyo ezingavamile, ezabangela ukufa kwabangu-11.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha eChina eWuhan naseShenzhen kuthiwa lwabonisa ukuthi i-favipiravir "iyasebenza ngempela".
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Ezigulini ezingu-35 eShenzhen ezazinegathivu lapho zihlolwa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-4, kuyilapho ubude bokugula babuyizinsuku ezingu-11 ezigulini ezingu-45 ezingazange ziyithole.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Ocwaningweni olwaqhutshwa eWuhan ezigulini ezingu-240 ezinenyumoniya ezinguhhafu zanikezwa i-favipiravir kanti omunye uhhafu wanikezwa i-umifenovir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Igama elithi "ucwaningo lwangaphambi kwezimpawu zesifo" luchazwa ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri ku-vitro naku-vivo, okubonisa isigaba sokuqala sokusungulwa komgomo, ukwelashwa kokulwa negciwane noma izakhi zesifo ezakhiwa iseli eyodwa, njengocwaningo lokuhlola ukusebenza kwemithamo efanele nobungozi, ngaphambi kokuba umuthi ohlolwayo uthuthukele ekuhlolweni kokuphepha nokusebenza kubantu.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Eminye imithi elwa negciwane ingase isetshenziswe kabusha ekwelapheni i-COVID-19:
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Ngo-March 2020, i-protease eyinhloko yegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 yatholwa njengethagethi lemithi yangemva kokungenwa igciwane.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Le enzyme ibalulekile kuseli elinegciwane ukuze ikhiqize kabusha i-ribonucleic acid yegciwane.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Ukuze kutholakale i-enzyme, ososayensi basebenzise izakhi zeseli ezishicilelwe abacwaningi baseChina ngo-January 2020 ukuze kukhishwe i-protease eyinhloko.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Njengokwelapha okuyinhlanganisela okungaba usizo, asetshenziswa ndawonye ezingxenyeni ezimbili Zesigaba III zephrojekthi Ehlanganyelwayo yomhlaba wonke ka-2020 ye-COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambi kwesikhathi eChina lwenhlanganisela ye-lopinavir ne-ritonavir alutholanga mphumela kubantu abalaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
I-b'Drug repositioning (ephinde yaziwe ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kabusha komuthi, i-re-profiling, i-re-tasking noma i-therapeutic switching) iwukusebenzisa kabusha umuthi ogunyaziwe ukuze kwelashwe esinye isifo noma isimo sezempilo esihlukile kuleso eyayakhelwe sona.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Lolu uhlobo locwaningo lwezesayensi olwenziwayo njengamanje ukuze kusungulwe izindlela zokwelapha i-COVID-19 eziphephile neziphumelelayo.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Ezinye iziqondiso zocwaningo zibandakanya ukusungulwa komgomo we-COVID-19 nokumpontshelwa i-convalescent plasma. I-SARS-CoV-2 inamaphrotheni angaba ngu-66 akwazi ukusebenzisa umuthi, ngayinye inamasayithi amaningi okuhlangana kuwo amamolekhuli.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Ukuhlaziya lawo masayithi okuhlanganwa kuwo kwakha iphrojekthi enengqondo yokusungula umuthi olwa negciwane ngokumelene namaphrotheni e-COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Kumaphrotheni abhekiwe abaluleke kakhulu e-SARS-CoV-2 yi-protease enjenge-papain, i-RNA polymerase esekelwe ku-RNA, i-helicase, i-S protein, ne-ADP ribophosphatase.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
U-Hussein A A, nabanye bacwaninga imithi eminingana engasetshenziswa kwabe sekuthuthukiswa futhi kuhlaziywa ukufana kwesakhiwo sayo ngemithi egunyaziwe efanayo ephakeme ukuze kusheshiswe ukusungulwa komuthi onamandla wokwelapha i-SARS-CoV-2 kulolu cwaningo lwangaphambi kokwelapha ongase usetshenziswe njengomuthi wocwaningo.
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
I-chloroquine ingumuthi wokwelapha umalaleveva ophinde usetshenziselwe izifo ezithile zamasosha omzimba.
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
Ngomhla ka-18 March, i-WHO yamemezela ukuthi i-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine ehlobene nayo zizoba phakathi kwemithi emine ecwaningwa njengengxenye yocwaningo lwezokwelapha Oluhlanganisiwe.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Umphathi-sifundazwe waseNew York u-Andrew Cuomo wamemezela ukuthi ucwaningo lweSifunda saseNew York lwe-chloroquine ne-hydroxychloroquine luzoqala ngomhla ka-24 March. Ngomhla ka-28 March, i-FDA yagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxychloroquine sulfate ne-chloroquine phosphate ngaphansi kwe-Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
Lokhu kwelashwa akukagunyazwa yinqubo yocwaningo yezokwelapha ye-FDA futhi igunyazwa ngaphansi kwe-EUA kuphela njengendlela yokwelapha ecwaningwayo ezosetshenziselwa izimo eziphuthumayo ezigulini ezilaliswa esibhedlela kodwa ezingakwazi ukwamukela ukwelashwa ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
I-CDC ithe "ukusetshenziswa, umthamo, noma inkathi ye-hydroxychloroquine ku-prophylaxis noma ukwelashwa kwegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2" akukalungi.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
Odokotela bathe basebenzisa umuthi lapho "ingekho enye indlela".
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Ithimba locwaningo laseTurkey e-Istanbul liqhuba ucwaningo oluncane ekusebenziseni i-chloroquine ihlanganiswe ne-zinc, i-vitamin A, i-vitamin C ne-vitamin D.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
Ucwaningo olukhulu luyaqhubeka eDuke University nase-University of Oxford.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
I-NYU Langone Medical School iqhuba ucwaningo lokuphepha nokusebenza kwe-hydroxychloroquine ukuze kuvinjelwe isifo.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwaseChina eWuhan naseShenzhen luthi kubonakala i-favipiravir "isebenza ngempela".
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Iziguli ezingu-35 eShenzhen zitholwe zinegathivu ekuhlolweni phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-4, kuyilapho ubude bokugula babuyizinsuku ezingu-11 ezigulini ezingu-45 ezingazange ziyithole.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Ocwaningweni oluqhutshwa eWuhan ezigulini ezingu-240 ezinenyumoniya, uhhafu wanikezwa i-favipiravir omunye uhhafu wanikwa i-umifenovir.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
I-Italian Pharmaceutical Agency yakhumbuza umphakathi ukuthi ubufakazi obukhona ekusekeleni umuthi bumbalwa futhi obangaphambi kokuba usebenze.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
Ngomhla ka-2 April, i-Germany yamemezela ukuthi izowuthenga umuthi eJapan iwubeke esitokweni, bese isebenzisa amasosha ukuze athumele umuthi ezibhedlela zaseyunivesithi, lapho umuthi uzosetshenziswa khona ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-COVID-19.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Ngokuvumelana ne-South China Morning Post, uShinzo Abe uye wazethula emkhandlwini ka-Trump mayelana nokuthenga umuthi. Umuthi ungase ungasebenzi ngokuphelele ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokugula lapho igciwane seliye laphindaphindeka khona.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
Kungaba okungaphephile ukuwusebenzisa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe noma lapho abazama ukukhulelwa.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
Olunye ucwaningo lwe-lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), inhlanganisela yemithi elwa negciwane i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir, lwaphetha ngokuthi "ayikho inzuzo etholakele".
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Le mithi yayiklanyelwe ukuvimbela i-HIV ekuphindaphindekeni ngokuhlangana ne-protease.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Ithimba labacwaningi e-University of Colorado lizama ukushintsha imithi ukuze lithole uketshezi oluzohlangana ne-protease ye-SARS-CoV-2. Kunabagxeki emphakathini wososayensi ngokuqondisa imizamo ekusebenziseni kabusha imithi eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile i-HIV/AIDS.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
I-WHO ibandakanye i-lopinavir/ritonavir ocwaningweni Oluhlanganisiwe lomhlaba jikelele.
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
I-Remdesivir yakhiwa futhi yasungulwa yi-Gilead Sciences njengomuthi wokwelapha igciwane le-Ebola nezifo ze-Marburg. I-Gilead Sciences yathola ukuthi i-Remdesivir ibinomsebenzi wokulwa negciwane ku-vitro ngokumelene namagciwane e-filo-, e-pneumo-, e-paramyxo-, ne-corona- .
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Inkinga eyodwa ngokwelashwa okulwa negciwane ukusungula indlela yokwelapha ngama-mutation angaholela esifweni esibi kakhulu nesithelelanayo.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Ucwaningo lokuqala lwangaphambi lusikisela ukuthi i-remdesivir kungenzeka lunesivimbeli esiphezulu sezakhi zofuzo ekungasebenzini komuthi. Kunocwaningo oluningana lwezokwelapha oluqhubekayo, okubandakanya olumbili oluqhutshwa eZibhedlela zaseCleveland University; olulodwa ngolwabantu abanokugula okusesilinganisweni kanti olunye olwabantu abagula kabi kakhulu.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
Kunocwaningo lwezokwelapha oluthathu oluqhubekayo lomjovo we-vitamin C wabantu abalaliswa esibhedlela nabagula kakhulu abane-COVID-19; imithi-mbumbulu emibili (eChina, eCanada) nolulodwa olungalawuliwe (e-Italy).
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
ISifunda saseNew York saqala ucwaningo lwesibulali-magciwane esiyi-azithromycin ngomhla ka-24 March 2020.
Japan's National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) is planning a clinical trial for Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, for the treatment of pre-symptomatic patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
I-National Center yaseJapan ye-Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) ihlela ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwe-Teijin's Alvesco (i-ciclesonide), i-corticosteroid ehogelwayo ye-asthma, ekwelapheni iziguli ezingenazimpawu zesifo ezinegciwane elisha le-coronavirus.
A form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a Phase II trial is underway with 200 patients to be recruited from severe, hospitalized cases in Denmark, Germany, and Austria to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
Ucwaningo lohlobo lwe-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Isigaba II luyaqhubeka neziguli ezingu-200 ezizofakwa ezisukela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zabalaliswa esibhedlela eDenmark, eGermany, nase-Austria ukuze kubonakale ukusebenza kwalokhu kwelashwa.
Researchers from the Montreal Heart Institute in Canada are currently studying the role of colchicine in reducing inflammation and pulmonary complications in patients suffering from mild symptoms of COVID-19.
Abacwaningi base-Montreal Heart Institute eCanada njengamanje bacwaninga indima ye-colchicine ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nezinkinga zamaphaphu ezigulini eziguliswa izimpawu zesifo ezingatheni ze-COVID-19.
The study, named COLCORONA, is recruiting 6000 adults aged 40 and over who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and experience mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization.
Ucwaningo, olubizwa ngokuthi yi-COLCORONA, luhlanganisa abantu abadala abangu-6000 abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu abatholwe benesifo se-COVID-19 futhi abanezimpawu zesifo ezingatheni ezingadingi ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or who do not have an effective contraceptive method are not eligible.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo noma abangenayo indlela esebenzayo yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa abafaneleki.
Several anticoagulants are being tested in Italy.
Kuhlolwa ama-anticoagulants amaningana e-Italy.
Low-molecular-weight heparin is being widely used to treat patients, prompting the Italian Medicines Agency to publish guidelines on its use.
I-heparin enesisindo esiphansi samamolekhuli isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni iziguli, yaholela ne-Italian Medicines Agency ukuba ishicilele iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwayo.
A multicenter study on 300 patients researching the use of enoxaparin sodium at prophylaxis and therapeutic dosages was announced in Italy on April 14.
Ucwaningo lwezikhungo eziningi lweziguli ezingu-300 olucwaninga ukusetshenziswa kwe-enoxaparin sodium emithamweni yokuvimbela nokwelapha isifo yamenyezelwa e-Italy ngo-April 14.
Since SARS-CoV-2 is a virus, considerable scientific attention has been focused on repurposing approved anti-viral drugs that were developed for prior outbreaks such as MERS, SARS, and West Nile virus.
Njengoba i-SARS-CoV-2 iyigciwane, ezesayensi ziye zagxila kakhulu ekusebenziseni kabusha imithi elwa negciwane eyayisungulelwe imiqedazwe yangaphambilini enjengegciwane le-MERS, i-SARS, ne-West Nile.
Ribavirin: ribavirin was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
I-Ribavirin: i-ribavirin yasikiselwa ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 ngokuvumelana nohlelo 7 lweziqondiso zaseChina
Umifenovir: umifenovir was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
I-Umifenovir: i-umifenovir yasikiselwa ekwelapheni i-COVID-19 ngokuvumelana nohlelo 7 lweziqondiso zaseChina
Some antibiotics that have been identified as potentially repurposable as COVID-19 treatments:
Ezinye izibulali-magciwane eziye zatholwa njengezingasetshenziswa kabusha ekwelapheni i-COVID-19:
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Approved by China.
I-Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Igunyazwe eChina.
Also trials in Italy and China. and see Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
Ocwaningweni futhi lwase-Italy naseChina. futhi ubheke i-Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
It is unclear yet whether conditions arising during pregnancy including diabetes, cardiac failure, hypercoagulability or hypertension might represent additional risk factors for pregnant people as they do for nonpregnant people.From the limited data available, vertical transmission during the third trimester probably does not occur, or only occurs very rarely.
Akucaci ukuthi izimo eziphakamayo phakathi nokukhulelwa ezihlanganisa isifo sikashukela, ukuma kwenhliziyo, i-hypercoagulability noma i-hypertension kungase kubangele izici ezinobungozi obengeziwe kubantu abakhulelwe njengoba kunjalo kubantu abangakhulelwe. Kudatha elinganiselwe etholakalayo, ukuthathelana phakathi nenkathi yesithathu yezinyanga ezintathu cishe akubibikho, noma kuba khona kuphela ngezinga elincane.
There is no data yet on early pregnancy.
Ayikho idatha okwamanje ekukhulelweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Little evidence exists to permit any solid conclusions about the nature of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.
Buncane ubufakazi obutholakalayo bokuvunyelwa kwanoma iziphi iziphetho eziqinile ngohlobo lwegciwane le-COVID-19 ekukhulelweni.
A case series of 43 women from New York who tested positive for COVID-19 showed similar patterns to non-pregnant adults: 86% had mild disease, 9.3% had severe disease and 4.7% developed critical disease.
Izigameko zabesifazane abangu-43 baseNew York abatholakala bephozithivu lapho kuhlolwa i-COVID-19 babonisa amaphethini afanayo nawabantu abadala abangakhulelwe: u-86% wawunesifo esingesibi kangako, u-9.3% wawunesifo esibi kakhulu kanti u-4.7% waba nesifo esibucayi.
Fetal distress was reported in two.
Kwabikwa ukuphatheka kabi kombungu kwababili.
None of the women developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died.
Akekho kulaba besifazane owaba nenyumoniya ye-COVID-19 embi kakhulu pneumonia noma owafa.
All of them had live birth pregnancies and no severe neonatal asphyxia was observed.
Bonke babeletha izingane eziphilayo futhi akukho ukukhubazeka okwabangelwa ukusweleka komoya-mpilo okwabonakala.
The samples of breast milk, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all results were negative.In another study on 15 pregnant women, majority of the patients presented with fever and cough, while laboratory tests yielded lymphocytopenia in 12 patients.
Amasampula obisi lwebele, uketshezi oluvikela usana, igazi elisemthanjeni wenkaba nokwesulwa empinjeni wosana kwahlolelwa i-SARS-CoV-2, futhi yonke imiphumela yayinegathivu. Kolunye ucwaningo lwabesifazane abakhulelwe abangu-15, iningi leziguli zazinemfiva nomkhuhlane, kuyilapho ukuhlola kwaselabhorethri kwaveza i-lymphocytopenia ezigulini ezingu-12.
Computed tomography findings of these patients were consistent with previous reports of non-pregnant patients, consisting of ground-glass opacities at early stage.
Imiphumela eyatholakala yezithombe zekhompyutha zalezi ziguli yayihambelana nemibiko yangaphambilini yeziguli ezingakhulelwe, iqukethe ama-ground-glass opacities esigabeni sokuqala.
Follow-up images after delivery showed no progression of pneumonia.Media reports indicate that over 100 women with COVID-19 might have delivered, and in March 2020, no maternal deaths were reported.
Izithombe zokulandelela ngemva kokubeletha azibonisanga ukubhebhetheka kwenyumoniya. Imibiko yemidiya ibonisa ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-100 abane-COVID-19 kungenzeka bakhulelwa, futhi ngoMarch 2020, ayikho imibiko yokufa komama abakhulelwe eyabikwa.
Their guidelines thus advise that any pregnant person admitted to hospital with a COVID-19 infection should receive at least 10 days of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin after being discharged from the hospital.
Iziqondiso zabo zibonisa ukuthi noma imuphi umuntu okhulelwe olaliswa esibhedlela negciwane le-COVID-19 kufanele athole okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10 ze-prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin ngemva kokukhishwa esibhedlela.
There are no data yet concerning the implications of COVID-19 infections for labour.
Ayikabikho idatha ehlobene nemiphumela yegciwane le-COVID-19 ekubeletheni.
One infant girl born to a mother with COVID-19 had elevated IgM levels two hours after birth, suggesting that she had been infected in utero and supporting the possibility of vertical transmission in some cases.
Olunye usana oluyintombazane lukamama one-COVID-19 lwakhushukelwa amazinga e-IgM emahoreni amabili ngemva kokubelethwa, okusikisela ukuthi luthole igciwane esibelethweni futhi kwasekela namathuba okudluliselwa kwesifo kwezinye izimo.
A small study involving 6 confirmed COVID-19 mothers showed no indication of SARS-COV-19 in their newborns' throats or serum but antibodies were present in neonatal blood sera samples, including IgM in two of the infants.
Ucwaningo oluncane oluhilela omama abangu-6 abane-COVID-19 alubonisanga uphawu lwe-SARS-COV-19 emiphinjeni yezinsana noma embungwini kodwa izakhi zesifo zazikhona kumasampula egazi lombungu, okubandakanya i-IgM ezinsaneni ezimbili.