atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
cishe seziqhubeke isikhathi eside kanganani lezi zimpawu?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
futhi bonke ubuhlungu besifuba kufanele bulashwe ngale ndlela ikakhulukazi eminyakeni okuyo
and along with a fever
kanye nemfiva
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
futhi kudingeka kuhlolwe umfutho wegazi we-cholesterol yakho
and are you having a fever now?
ingabe unemfiva manje?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
futhi ingabe unezimpawu ezilandelayo nobuhlungu esifubeni sakho
and are you having a runny nose?
futhi ingabe unekhala eliphuma amafinyila?
and are you having this chest pain now?
futhi ingabe unalobu buhlungu besifuba manje?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
futhi ingabe unenkinga yokuphefumula
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
futhi ungakwazi ukusho ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo nalokhu?
and does this pain move from your chest?
futhi ingabe lobu buhlungu buyasuka esifubeni sakho?
and drink lots of fluids
futhi phuza uketshezi oluningi
and how high has your fever been
futhi imfiva yakho iphakame kakhulu kanganani
and i have a cough too
futhi ngiyakhwehlela
and i have a little cold and a cough
futhi nginomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela okuncane
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
futhi isifuba sami sibuhlungu kakhulu namuhla
and is this the right time for your hay fever
futhi ingabe lesi isikhathi esikahle yini sokuphathwa imfiva ebangelwa utshani obomile
and it get the chest pain
futhi iphathwa isifuba esibuhlungu
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
futhi ngicabanga ukuthi nginemfiva encane
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
futhi ngifuna uchaze ukuthi kubuhlungu kuphi
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
futhi ucishe abe nezimpawu ezifanayo
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
futhi ngitshele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu onazo manje?
and they're having some fevers as well
futhi nabo baphethwe izimfiva ezithile
and with your history of diabetes
futhi ngomlando wakho wesifo sikashukela
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
futhi uyazi ukuthi isifuba sami ngathi sizocindezeleka
and you know people cough on me all the time
futhi uyazi ukuthi abantu bakhwehlelela kumina ngaso sonke isikhathi
and you're having chest pain
futhi uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
futhi izimpawu zakho azipheli ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
futhi uthe lokhu kuyingcindezi esifubeni sakho
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
noma ubani emndenini onenkinga yenhliziyo isifo senhliziyo ukuhlaselwa inhliziyo i-cholesterol ephakeme umfutho wegazi ophakeme
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu noma izinkinga oziphawula nobuhlungu bamalunga omzimba?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
noma yibuphi ubuhlungu obugwazayo ohlangothi lwesobunxele esifubeni sakho?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
ingabe bakhona abanye abantu abagulayo njengawe ekhaya lakho abanezimpawu ezifanayo?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
ingabe unenkinga yokuphefumula njengamanje
are you having any other symptoms?
ingabe unazo ezinye izimpawu?
are you having any shortness of breath?
ingabe uphelelwa umoya?
are you still having the chest pain
ingabe usenabo ubuhlungu besifuba
because this is flu season
ngenxa yokuthi lena inkathi yomkhuhlane
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela ingabe unazo ezinye izinkinga noma izifo ezibalulekile?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
kodwa futhi akufanele sibekelwe eceleni kubuhlungu besifuba obusuka enhliziyweni
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
kodwa manje inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yilobu buhlungu besifuba
but if you have the cough
kodwa uma ukhwehlela
but i have difficulty breathing
kodwa nginenkinga yokuphefumula
but i know lot of people cough on me
kodwa ngazi abantu abaningi abangikhwehlelelayo
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
kodwa sidinga ukuphatha bonke ubuhlungu besifuba njengento ebucayi
but you're breathing all right right now right?
kodwa uphefumula kahle njengamanje?
cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
ngenxa yalobu buhlungu besifuba ngikhohlwe ngokuphelele
cause they're having a cough
ngenxa yokuthi bayakhwehlela
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
ingabe kuzwakala sengathi othile ucindezela isifuba sakho
do still feel like shortness of breath
usezwa sengathi uphelelwa umoya
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
ingabe bakhononda ngokugula ngokuba nezimpawu ezifanayo?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
ngokwazi kwakho ingabe unayo noma iyiphi inkinga yomfutho wegazi?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
ingabe unaso esinye isifo esingumahlalakhona esifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nanoma yini efana nalokho?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
ingabe unazo ezinye izifo izinkinga zokwelashwa ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
ingabe unakho ukuphelelwa umoya okuhambisana nalokho buhlungu besifuba?
do you have high blood pressure?
ingabe unawo umfutho wegazi ophakeme?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
ingabe unakho ukuphelelwa umoya okuhambisana nalokho?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
ingabe uyazazi izimpawu abenazo?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
ingabe izihlobo zakho zinezimpawu ezifanayo
do you see the image?
ingabe uyasibona isithombe?
drink plenty of fluids today
phuza uketshezi oluningi namuhla
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
unokukhwehlela okomile umkhuhlane nekhala elinamafinyila uyahlanza unesifo sohudo
however i take tests for the diabetes
nokho ngenza ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
nokho unezimpawu ezicishe sifane ncamashi nezami
how high is your fever?
iphakeme kangakanani imfiva yakho?
how' s your blood pressure?
unjani umfutho wakho wegazi?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
angicabangi ukuthi nginomfutho wegazi ophakeme
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
ngizwa ubuhlungu esifubeni lapha engxenyeni ephambili kwesifuba
if you continue to have high fevers
uma uqhubeka nokuba nezimfiba eziphakeme
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
uma unemfiva yekhulu nambili noma ngaphezulu
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
uma ucabanga ukuthi izimpawu zakho noma izinkinga kufanele zithi ukubhekisiswa
i got a fever yesterday
ngithole imfiva izolo
i got a slight fever too
nginemfiva encane futhi
i had a fever yesterday
ngibe nemfiva izolo
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
ngibe nobuhlungu obufushane obugwazayo esifubeni sami
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
nginobuhlungu obugwazayo lapha esifubeni
i have hay fever though too
ngiphethwe futhi imfiva ebangelwa utshani obomile
i have made on the body around the chest area?
ngenzile emzimbeni eduze kwendawo yesifuba
i have some difficulty breathing too
nginenkinga futhi yokuphefumula
i'll send you an image
ngizokuthumela isithombe
i'm having some chest pain today
nginobuhlungu obuthile esifubeni sami namuhla
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
ngiphethwe ikhanda nemfiva ethile namuhla
in my opinion it is flu
ngokubona kwami umkhuhlane
in my opinion this is a little flu
ngokubona kwami umkhuhlane omncane
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ngiyabona ukuthi isuka endaweni emaphakathi yesifuba sakho inyukele entanyeni yakho
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
ingabe kuzwakala sengathi umuntu omkhulu kakhulu uhlezi phezu kwesifuba sakho?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
konke kuqale ngekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nemfiva cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo
it hurts in the chest
kubuhlungu esifubeni
it hurts in the middle of my chest
kubuhlungu maphakathi nesifuba sami
it is a pressure like chest pain
ukucindezeleka okufana nobuhlungu besifuba
it is in my chest
kusesifubeni sami
it is in the center of my chest
kumaphakathi nesifuba sami
it is in the center of the chest
kumaphakathi nesifuba sami
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
kwenzeka maphakathi kwesifuba sami
it is right in the center of my chest
kukhona maphakathi nesifuba sami
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
kuzwakala sengathi uphethwe umkhuhlane noma iflu evamile
i've got pain in my chest
nginobuhlungu esifubeni sami
i've very concerned of this chest pain
ngikhathazeke kakhulu ngalobu buhlungu besifuba
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
ngifuna ungitshele lapho uchaza lobu buhlungu besifuba
i will send you an image
ngizokuthumela isithombe
i will send you an image on your screen
ngizokuthumela isithombe kusikrini sakho
like high blood pressure or diabetes
njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela
like right in the center of the chest
njengokungathi khona kanye maphakathi nesifuba
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
ezikhathini eziningi yilolu hlobo lobuhlungu besifuba
my sister has similar symptoms
udadewethu unezimpawu ezifanayo
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
manje ngemfiva ungathatha uswidi we-tachipirina
now i send you an image
manje ngikuthumela isithombe
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
manje mary sekuziyinsuku ezingakanani unezimpawu
now you said you have a chest pain
manje uthe unobuhlungu besifuba
occasionally i have some chest pain
ngezikhathi ezithile nginobuhlungu obuthile besifuba
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
kulungile ingabe unazo ezinye izimpawu ezihambisana nalokhu ngaphandle nje kobuhlungu
or if you have high blood pressure
noma uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme
or somebody sitting on your chest?
noma othile ohlezi esifubeni sakho?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
kucishe kufane ngemfiva nokukhwehlela ikhanda elibuhlungu nezinhlungu zemisipha
right in the middle of my chest
khona kanye maphakathi nesifuba
show me on this image where you feel the pain
ngibonise kulesi sithombe lapho ozwa khona ubuhlungu
since you have a fever
njengoba unemfiva
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
ngakho ucabanga ukuthi ezinye zalezi zimpawu kungenzeka ukuthi zihlobene nokukhulelwa?
so your chest pain started this morning
ngakho ubuhlungu besifuba sakho buqale namuhla ekuseni
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
izingane zakho ingabe zinezinye zezimpawu ezifanayo?
tell me about your chest pain
ngitshele ngobuhlungu besifuba sakho
the fever increases at night
imfiva iyanyuka ebusuku
the fever i've had for the last two days
imfiva engibe nayo izinsuku ezimbili ezidlule
the fever started to increase last night
imfiva iqale ukunyuka izolo ebusuku
the fever started two days ago
imfiva iqale ezinsukwini ezimbili ezidlule
the muscle pains with the hay fever
izinhlungu zemisipha ngemfiva ebangelwa utshani obomile
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
lona udokotela porter esikhungweni se-triage egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
nokho ungakwazi yini ukungitshela okwengeziwe mayelana nobuhlungu besifuba sakho?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
nokho ngokubona kwami kumane nje umkhuhlane omncane
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
nokho ngizwa ubuhlungu ngaphambili komzimba wami lapha esifubeni sami
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
empeleni benginobuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni sami
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
uma ngilalele izimpawu zakho nkosikazi kuzwakala sengathi uphethwe elinye lamagciwane omkhuhlane
well when i have that pain in my chest
uma nginalobo buhlungu esifubeni sami
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
unohlobo olunjani lobuhlungu esifubeni sakho?
when this chest pain started?
lapho kuqala lobu buhlungu besifuba?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
bukuphi nendawo ubuhlungu esifubeni?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
lapho ozwa khona lobu buhlungu esifubeni
you are probably having chest pain
cishe uphethwe ubuhlungu besifuba
you feel like tightness on your chest
uzwa sengathi isifuba sakho sibophene
you know i got diabetes and stuff
uyazi ukuthi ngiphethwe isifo sikashukela nokunye
you said you're having this chest pain
uthe unalobu buhlungu besifuba
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
Isehlakalo sokwanda okusheshayo kwesifo se-coronavirus (I-COVID-19) ku-European Union/European Economic Area nase-United Kingdom, ngo-1 January ukuya ku-15 March 2020
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
Isehlakalo esandayo sezimo zesifo se-coronavirus (i-COVID-19) sibonisa amathrendi afanayo emazweni e-European Union/European Economic Area kanye nase-United Kingdom okuqinisekisa ukuthi, nakuba isezigabeni ezihlukene kuye ngezwe, ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 luqhubekela phambili ngokushesha kuwo wonke amazwe.
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwase-Italy, amazwe, izibhedlela namayunithi okunakekela abasesimweni esibucayi kufanele andise ukulungela ukwamukela iziguli eziningi eziphethwe i-COVID-19 ezizodinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi ikakhulukazi ukunakekela abanesimo esibucayi.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Ngo-31 December 2019, iqembu labantu abanezimo zenyumoniya ene-aetiology engaziwa labikwa e-Wuhan, e-Hubei Province, e-China.
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Ngo-9 January 2020, i-China Center for Disease Control and Prevention yabika ukuthi i-ejenti eyimbangela i-coronavirus entsha manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukugula okuwumphumela wesifo se-SARS-CoV-2 kuye kwaqanjwa ngesifo se-coronavirus (I-COVID-19).
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
Ubufakazi obukhona kuze kube manje bubonisa ukuthi u-80% wabantu abaphethwe i-COVID-19 baphethwe isifo esingasho lutho, okungukuthi isifo somgudu wokuphefumula esihambisana noma esingahambisani nenyumoniya, futhi iningi laba bantu liyalulama.
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
Ezimweni ezingu-14%, i-COVID-19 iyathuthuka ibe isifo esibucayi kakhulu esidinga ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela kuyilapho u-6% wezimo ezisele ubhekana nesifo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwesimo esibucayi.
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
Ukufa kweziguli ezilaliswe ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kungu-4%.
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
Kulolu cwaningo, sihlola amathrendi esehlakalo esandayo se-COVID-19 ezweni ngalinye le-European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) kanye ne-United Kingdom (UK) futhi siwaqhathanise nalawo ase-Hubei Province, e-China.
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
Siphinde futhi siqhathanise inani lamanje labantu abane-COVID-19 emazweni ase-EU/EEA nase-UK nalelo lase-Italy phakathi no-31 January–15 March 2020.
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Izimo ze-COVID-19 emazweni e-EU/EEA nase-UK
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
Ngemva kwe-China, i-COVID-19 yasakazeka kabanzi ngokwezindawo futhi ukushintsha kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 emhlabeni wonke okwamanje kulandela lokho okwenzeka kuleli zwe.
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Ngo-11 March 2020, Umqondisi Jikelele we-World Health Organization (I-WHO) wamemezela ukuthi i-COVID-19 iwubhubhane.
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
Ijenali yango-5 March ye-Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. yabika ngabantu bokuqala abaqinisekisiwe abane-COVID-19 e-Europe ezivumelana nencazelo ye-WHO.
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
E-EU/EEA, abantu bokuqala abaqinisekisiwe babikwa yi-France ngo-24 January 2020 kubantu ababuya e-Wuhan, e-Hubei Province, e-China.
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
Ngomhla ka-15 March 2020, abantu abane-COVID-19 base betholiwe kuwo wonke amazwe angu-30 e-EU/EEA kanye nase-United Kingdom (UK), okungukuthi phakathi kuka-31 December 2019 nalolo suku, kwase kubikwe abantu abangu-39,768 abanaleli gciwane kanye nabantu abafile abangu-1,727, kulokhu abantu abangu-17,750 abanaleli gciwane kanye nabangu-1,441 abasebefile babengabase-Italy kuphela.
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
Ukuthola inombolo eyandayo neyesehlakalo esandayo sezimo ze-COVID-19
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
E-European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (I-ECDC), izibalo zabantu abane-COVID-19 ezweni ngalinye emhlabeni wonke, ezitholwa ngemithombo esemthethweni kuphela efana Nomnyango Wezempilo wezwe ngalinye, amagunya ezempilo kazwelonke nawesifunda kanye ne-WHO, zibuyekezwa osukwini ngalunye ngo-8:00 a.m.
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
Le datha yasetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni amathrendi e-COVID-19 e-EU/EEA nase-UK, futhi aqhathaniswa nalawo ase-Italy.
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
Njengesimeleli sokuvama kwezimo ze-COVID-19 eziqhubekayo, sibale isehlakalo esandayo esinqanyuliwe sezinsuku ezingu-14 zezimo ze-COVID-19, ngaleyo ndlela sicabangela ukuqhubeka okungokwemvelo kwe-COVID-19, ezweni ngalinye le-EU/EEA nase-UK, phakathi nenkathi ka-1 January–15 March 2020.
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Siphinde sathula inombolo eyandayo yezimo ezibikiwe zezwe ngalinye ngo-15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. uma kuqhathaniswa nase-Italy ngenkathi ka-31 January–15 March 2020.
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Amathrendi e-COVID-19 emazweni ase-EU/EEA nase-UK
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
Amathrendi esehlakalo esandayo esinqanyuliwe sezinsuku ezingu-14 zezimo ze-COVID-19 emazweni ase-EU/EEA nase-UK ngokuvamile alandele lawo ase-Hubei Province (China) (Umfanekiso 1).
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
Sekukonke e-EU/EEA nase-UK, isehlakalo esandayo se-COVID-19 saqala ukunyuka cishe ngo-21 February futhi sanyuka kakhulu ngo-28 February 2020 (Isithasiselo sokufundwayo).
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
Lokhu kwandiswa kakhulu ukwanda okusheshayo kwenani lwezimo ezibikiwe ezisuka-Italy, kodwa wonke amanye amazwe ase-EU/EEA nase-UK abonisa amathrendi anyukayo afanayo esehlakalo esandayo se-COVID-19 (Isithasiselo sokufundwayo).
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa inani elandayo lezimo ze-COVID-19, emazweni ase-EU/EEA nase-UK uma kuqhathaniswa nalelo lase-Italy ngenkathi yango-31 January–15 March 2020.
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
Ligqamisa ukuthi, ngo-15 March 8:00 a.m., amanye amazwe angu-15 ase-EU/EEA kanye ne-UK ayesevele ebike ingqikithi yenani elingaqhathaniswa nalelo lase-Italy emavikini angu-3 ngaphambilini noma kancane.
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi inani lezimo ezibikiwe ze-COVID-19 linyuka ngokushesha e-EU/EEA nase-UK.
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
Amathrendi aphawuliwe kusehlakalo esandayo se-COVID-19 abonisa ukuthi ubhubhane luqhubeka ngejubane elifanayo kuwo wonke amazwe.
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuthi amazwe esezigabeni ezihlukene, ukuhlukahluka endleleni yokusabela kwezempilo yomphakathi kazwelonke, futhi cishe nezincazelo ezingafani zezimo emazweni kanye namaphrothokholi ahlukene okukhetha iziguli okufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-COVID-19, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola kokulandelela.
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
Ekuqaleni kuka-March 2020, odokotela ezifundeni ezithintekile zase-Italy bachaza isimo lapho u-10% weziguli eziphethwe i-COVID-19 zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezimo ezibucayi futhi imithombo yezindaba yabika ukuthi izibhedlela kanye namayunithi okunakekelwa okubucayi kulezi zifunda ayesefinyelele umthamo wawo ophakeme.
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
Idatha yokungeniswa kwabanezimo ze-COVID-19 esibhedlela kanye/noma iyunithi yokunakekelwa okubucayi iyatholakala esigabeni se-EU/EEA ezimweni ezingu-6% no-1% kuphela, ngokulandelana (idatha ayibonisiwe).
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
Kufanele, nokho, iqoqwe ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze ihambelana nedatha yokuqapha yamanje egxila enanini lezimo ezibikiwe kanye nenani lokufa.
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2010–11 lwabonisa ukuhluka okukhulu ngokuqondene nokutholakala kwemibhede yokunakekelwa okubucayi kanye neyokunakekelwa okumaphakathi e-Europe, kusuka ku-29.2 e-Germany kuye emibhedeni engu-4.2 emphakathini wabantu abangu-100,000 e-Portugal.
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazwe kungenzeka ukuthi anezinsiza eziningi noma ezincane kune-Italy (imibhede yokunakekelwa okubucayi engu-12.5 neyokunakekelwa okumaphakathi emphakathini wabantu abangu-100,000 ngo-2010–11).
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
Ukulingisa izimo ezihlobene nokugcwala komthamo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okunikeza isilinganiso sezwe ngalinye lase-EU/EEA nase-UK ngokuqondene nokwanda kwezimo zabalaliswe esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19 okuhlobene nengozi engu-> 90% yokweqa umthamo wemibhede yokunakekelwa okubucayi, kunikezwa kusibuyekezo sesithupha sokuhlolwa kwengozi esheshayo ye-ECDC ngokuqondene ne-COVID-19.
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
Njengoba izimo zinqwabelane ezifundeni ezithile emazweni ase-EU/EEA nase-UK, futhi izibhedlela namayunithi okunakekelwa okubucayi ngokuvamile kusiza abantu abathile besifunda, ulwazi olumayelana nezimo kanye nemibhede yokunakekelwa okubucayi kufanele kutholakale ezingeni le-Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (I-NUTS-2).
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwase-Italy kanye namathrendi amanje akwamanye amazwe abonisa ukuthi ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lukhula ngokushesha e-EU/EEA nase-UK.
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
Amazwe, izibhedlela namayunithi okunakekelwa okubucayi kufanele azilungiselele isimo sokuthelelana komphathi okuqhubekayo kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nokwanda kweziguli eziphethwe i-COVID-19 edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, futhi ikakhulukazi ukunakekelwa okubucayi, njengalokho okwenzeka ezifundeni ezithintekile e-Italy.
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
Njengoba kuboniswe ekuhloleni kwakamuva kwe-ECDC kwengozi esheshayo, indlela esheshayo, enomdlandla neningilizayo ibalulekile ukulibazisa ukusakazeka kwe-SARS-COV-2, ngokwenza ushintsho olusuka endleleni elawulayo luye endleleni enciphisayo, njengoba ukwanda okusheshayo okulindelwe kwenani lezimo kungase kunganikezi abenzi bezinqumo nezibhedlela isikhathi esanele sokuqonda, sokwamukela nokuvumelanisa ukusabela kwabo kube indlela efanele uma kungasetshenzisiwe kusanesikhathi.
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Ukuhlola kwengozi esheshayo kuphinde kusho izinyathelo zempilo yomphakathi ukuze kulawulwe umthelela wobhubhane.
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
Kukhona intuba encane yethuba lapho amazwe engakwazi khona ukuba nethuba lokulawula ngokuqhubekayo imizamo yawo yokulawula ukuze kuncishiswe ukubhebhetheka SARS-CoV-2 futhi kuncishiswe ingcindezi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
Ukuhluleka kwalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi amasistimu ezokwelashwa amanye amazwe ase-EU/EEA azobhekana nenqwaba yeziguli ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezimo ezibucayi ezinsukwini ezizayo noma emavikini.
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
Ukubhekuda kwesifo se-Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), okubangelwe yi-severe acute respiratory syndrome (I-SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), okwamanje kubulale abantu abangaphezu kuka-3,000 futhi yaphatha abantu abangaphezu kuka-80,000 e-China nakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni, okuphumelele enhlekeleleni kubantu.
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
Ngokufana negciwane layo elifanayo, i-SARS-CoV, eyabangela i-SARS ezinkulungwaneni zabantu ngo-2003, i-SARS-CoV-2 ingase futhi idluliswe isuka kumalulwane futhi ibangele izimpawu ezifanayo ngendlela efanayo.
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
Nokho, i-COVID-19 inobucayi obucayi kanye nezinga lokufa kune-SARS kodwa idluliseka kakhulu futhi iphatha abantu abadala abaningi kunetsha futhi abantu besilisa abaningi kunabantu besifazane.
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
Njengendlela yokusabela enanini elikhula ngokushesha lokushicilelwe okumayelana nesifo esisafufusa, lesi sihloko sizama ukunikeza isibuyekezo esifike ngesikhathi nesiningilizayo esimayelana nesihloko socwaningo esithuthuka ngokushesha.
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
Sizodingida izinto eziyisisekelo ezimayelana ne-epidemiology, i-etiology, i-virology, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, imbangela, nokuvinjwa kwesifo.
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
Nakuba imibuzo eminingi isadinga izimpendulo, sithemba ukuthi lesi sibuyekezo sisiza ekuqondweni nasekuqedweni kwesifo esisongelayo.
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
I-Spring Festival yango-January 25, 2020 isiphenduke inkumbulo engenakuqhathaniswa futhi engalibaleki kuwo wonke ama-Chinese akhuthazwa ukuthi ahlale ezindlini zawo ngeholide futhi emavikini amaningi ngemva kwalokho ngenxa yokubheduka kwesifo segciwane elisha.
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Igciwane lifana kakhulu ne-coronavirus (I-CoV) eyabangela ukubheduka kwe-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ngo-2003; ngenxa yalokho, laqanjwa ngokuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 yi-World Health Organization (WHO) ngo-February 11, 2020, futhi isifo esihlobene sabizwa ngokuthi i-CoV Disease-19 (I-COVID-19).
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
Umqedazwe waqala e-Wuhan, e-China, futhi wasakazeka ngokushesha ezweni lonke futhi nakwamanye acishe abe ngu-50 emhlabeni wonke.
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
Ngo-March 2, 2020, igciwane laholela ezimweni eziqinisekisiwe ezingaphezu kuka-80,000 ze-COVID-19, ngeziguli ezingaphezu kuka-40,000 ezakhishwa esibhedlela kanye neziguli ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 ezafa.
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
I-WHO ixwayisa ngokuthi i-COVID-19 “iyisitha somphakathi esihamba phambili” futhi kungenzeka ukuthi inamandla amakhulu ukwedlula ubuphekula.
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
Ngokwe-PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezimbili, kushicilelwe amaphepha angaphezu kuka-200 mayelana ne-COVID-19 okuhlanganisa i-virology yayo, i-epidemiology, i-etiology, ukuxilongwa, nokwelashwa kusukela kumbiko wokuqala ngo-January 7, 2020 owanquma ukulandelana kwegciwane okuhlukaniswe ezigulini eziningi.
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
Lesi sibuyekezo sizama ukufinyeza inqubekela-phambili yocwaningo olumayelana nesihloko esisha nesithuthuka ngokushesha.
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
Noma nini lapho okungenzeka khona, sizozama ukuqhathanisa i-COVID-19 ne-SARS kanye nesinye isifo esibangelwa i-CoV, i-Middle East respiratory syndrome (I-MERS, ukubheduka kwango-2012).
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
Sizophinde futhi sixoxe ngalokho esikufundile kuze kube manje mayelana nokuvinjwa nembangela yesifo kanye neminye imibuzo esele kodwa ebalulekile.
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
Ama-CoV ngokuvamile ababhekwa njengama-pathogen angabulali kubantu, ngokuyinhloko abangela u-15% wemikhuhlane evamile 4.
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
Nokho, kuleli khulu leminyaka, sike sabhekana kabili nama-CoV abantu a-pathogenic kakhulu, okungukuthi, i-SARS-CoV ne- MERS-CoV, eyabangela ubhubhane olwaqala e-China ngo-2003 nase-Saudi Arabia ngo-2012, ngokulandelana, futhi ngokushesha asakazekela kwamanye amazwe okwabangela ukugula okubi nokufa.
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
Ngakho-ke, i-COVID-19 yamanje iwukubheduka kwesithathu kwe-CoV kumlando obhaliwe wabantu.
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
Njengoba kuboniswe Kumfa. ​Umfa.1,1, amaqoqo enyumoniya ayenomsuka ongaziwa aqala ukubikwa e-Wuhan ngo-December 31, 2019 ku-China National Health Commission.
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
Ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kamuva ukulandelana kwe-CoV kwakhululwa.
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
Ngo-January 15, 2020 kwabikwa isigameko sokuqala sokufa e-Wuhan.
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
Kusanjalo, umqedazwe wasakazekela ngokushesha emadolobheni angomakhelwane, ezifundazweni, nasemazweni.
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
Ngo-January 20, kwabikwa ukutheleleka kwezisebenzi zezempilo, okwasikisela ukuthi ukuthelelana kwabantu kwakuyinto engenzeka.
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
Ngo-January 23, idolobha lase-Wuhan lavalwa thaqa futhi kwamiswa zonke izinto zokuthuthwa komphakathi.
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
Ngo-January 24 ucwaningo lwezokwelashwa lokuqala lwesifo labika ukuthi, ezigulini ezingu-41 ezinezimo eziqinisekisiwe, zingu-21 kuphela ezaba nokuxhumana okuqondile nemakethe yokudla kwasolwandle yase-Wuhan eyayibhekwa njengendawo okwakuqale kuyona isifo esivela kumthombo oyisilwane esingaziwa.
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
Ngo-January 30, I-WHO yamemezela ukubheduka kwesimo esiphuthumayo sezempilo embulungeni yonke.
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
Ngesikhathi salo mbiko, isifo sesisakazeke kulo lonke elase-China kanye nasemazweni acishe abe ngu-50 emhlabeni jikelele (Umfa. ​(Umfa.2).2).
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
Njengoba isimo sishintsha ngokushesha, isiphetho kanye nobucayi bobhubhane akwaziwa.
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
Ngo-February 11, 2020, ucwaningo lwezikhungo eziningi lweziguli ezingu-8,866 okuhlanganisa ezingu-4,021 okwakuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ziphethwe i-COVID-19 zabonisa isithombe esibuyekezwe kakhudlwana somqedazwe ngendlela elandelayo (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
I-SARS-CoV-2 igulise abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kodwa ngokuyinhloko iminyaka engu-30-65.
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
Cishe uhhafu (47.7%) wabantu abagulayo ubuneminyaka engaphezu kuka-50, bambalwa abangaphansi kuka-20, futhi bangu-14 kuphela abantu abagulayo abangaphansi kuka-10.
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
I-SARS-CoV-2 igulise abantu besilisa abaningi (0.31/100,000) kunabantu besifazane (0.27/100,000).
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
I-COVID-19 yakhula ngamaqoqo ngokuyinhloko e-Hubei naseduze kwakhona.
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
I-COVID-19 yathatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-5 (2-9) kusukela ekuqaleni kuye ekuxilongweni.
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
Isilinganiso senkathi yokufukanyelwa sibe izinsuku ezingu-4.8 (3.0-7.2).
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
Isikhathi esiyisilinganiso kusuka ekuqaleni kuye ekufeni sibe izinsuku ezingu-9.5 (4.8-13).
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
Inombolo eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza kabusha (I-R0) ibithi 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), futhi i-R0 eshintshiwe ibithi 2.23-4.82.
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
Inani labantu abathelelekile lanyuka ngokushesha ngaphambi kuka-23 Jan. 2020, okwafana nesikhathi sokuthuthwa okukhulu ngaphambi kwe-Spring Festival e-China.
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Ukufa kweziguli ezinezimo eziqinisekisiwe kwakungu-1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), futhi inani lokufa elishintshiwe lazo zonke iziguli lalingu-3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
Izici ezintathu ezinkulu zobungozi be-COVID-19 zaziwubulili (abantu besilisa), ubudala (≥60), kanye nenyumoniya ebucayi.
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
Ama-CoV ayingxenye yomndeni wamagciwane amakhulu afihlekile aqukethe umucu owodwa we-RNA yomuzwa.
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
Angahlukaniswa abe izingxenye ezine, okungukuthi, i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, ne-delta, okungukuthi ama-CoV e-alpha ne-beta ayaziwa ukuthi athelela abantu.
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
I-spike (S) semvilophu ye-glycoprotein sinamathela kuzamukeli zamaseli e-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (I-ACE2) kanye ne-dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (I-DPP4) ye-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV, ngokulandelana, bese kwenzeka ukuhlanganiswa kolwelwesi.
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
Isakhi sofuzo se-RNA yegciwane sikhululwa ku-cytoplasm; ngemva kokuphindwa kwesakhi sofuzo segciwane, i-RNA yesakhi sofuzo esihambisana nemvilophu yama-glycoprotein namaphrotheni e-nucleocapsid kwakha ama-vesicle aqukethe i-virion, ezihlanganisa nolwelwesi lwe-plasma ukuze kudedelwe igciwane.
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
Ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo zokuqala ze-SARS-CoV-2 kwabikwa ngo-January 10, 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
I-SARS-CoV-2 kwatholwa ukuthi iwuhlobo olusha lwe-beta-CoV enomazisi wezakhi zofuzo ezingu-99.98% phakathi namasampula alandelanayo angu-10 aqoqwe endaweni yokuqala yokubheduka, i-Huanan Seafood Market e-Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
I-SARS-CoV-2 ngokuvamile ifana kakhudlwana ne-SARS-CoV kune-MERS-CoV.
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
Kusetshenziswa i-microscopy yokudluliswa kwe-electron, kwatholwa izinhlayiya ze-SARS-CoV-2 ezingxenyeni ezicace kakhulu ku-epithelium yomgudu womoya kubantu.
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
I-ACE2 yabantu kwatholwa ukuthi iyisisabeli se-SARS-CoV-2 kanye ne-SARS-CoV.
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
Nokho, iphrotheni ka-S ye-SARS-CoV-2 izihlanganisa ne-ACE2 yomuntu ngokushesha okukhulu kunaleyo ye-SARS-CoV, okuhambelana neqiniso lokuthi i-SARS-CoV-2 ibangela ukutheleleka okungekho bucayi kakhulu ezigulini kune-SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
I-SARS-CoV-2 ingaphinde futhi yakhe iphrotheni emfushane entsha ekhiqizwa yi-orf3b kanye nephrotheni ekhishwayo ekhiqizwa yi-orf8.
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
I-orf3b ye-SARS-CoV-2 ingase idlale indima ku-pathogenicity yegciwane futhi ingase ivimbe ukubonakala kwe-IFNβ; nokho, i-orf8 ayiqukethe noma yisiphi isizinda noma i-motif esebenzayo eyaziwayo.
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
Ngo-February 18, 2020, i-Zhou, et al., yabika isakhiwo se-cryo-EM ye-ACE2 yabantu enobude obugcwele ekucaceni okungu-2.9 Å exhumene nesithuthi se-amino acid esiyi-B0AT1.
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
Kwatholwa ukuthi lokhu okuxhumene, okunezakhiwo ezivulekile nezivalekile, kwahlanganiswa njenge-dimer futhi okuxhumene kwe-ACE2-B0AT1 kukwazi ukuhlanganisa amaphrotheni ka-S amabili, okunikeza ubufakazi bokubonwa kwe-CoV kanye nokutheleleka.
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
I-B0AT1 ingase ibe ithagethi yokwelashwa ekuhlungweni kwemithi ukuze kucindezelwe ukutheleleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2.
The origin and intermediate host
Umsuka kanye nombungazi omaphakathi
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kokubili i-SARS-CoV kanye ne-MERS-CoV kwaqala emalulwaneni futhi yadlulela kubantu ngamakati e-civet kanye namakameli, ngokulandelana.
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
Ngokuqhathaniswa kwe-phylogenetic ye-SARS-CoV-2 kanye namanye ama-CoV, amalulwane aqashelwa njengombungazi owumsuka we-SARS-CoV-2 njengoba igciwane elisha lifana ngo-96% nama-CoV amabili afana ne-SARS esuka kumalulwane abizwa ngokuthi i-SL-CoVZX45 yelulwane kanye ne-SL-CoVZX21 yelulwane.
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
Nokho, ukuthi yimuphi umbungazi owangenelela wasiza igciwane ukuthi leqe umngcele okhona phakathi kwezidalwa ukuze likwazi ukuthelela abantu akwaziwa, futhi umzila wokudluliselwa usazocaciswa.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
I-Ji, et al., yasikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izinyoka ziyisithwali segciwane ukusuka kumalulwane kuye kubantu okwahilela ukuhlanganiswa kwabusha kwezici ezifanayo ngaphakathi kwephrotheni ka-S.
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
Ngokocwaningo, abacwaningi base-Guangzhou, e-China, basikisela ukuthi ama-pangolin - anekhala elide, izilwane ezincelisayo ezidla izintuthane ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa njengemithi yesintu yase-Chinese - kungenzeka ukuthi angumbungazi omaphakathi we-SARS-CoV-2 ngokusekelwe kuzici zezakhi zofuzo ezingu-99% ku-CoV etholwe kuma-pangolin kanye ne-SARS-CoV-2.