atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.
抑制则需要采取更极端的防控措施，通过将基本再生数减少到 1 以下来扭转大流行局面。控制传染病爆发的部分工作是要努力降低疫情峰值，也就是我们所知的拉平流行病学曲线。
This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.
这样可降低卫生服务系统的崩溃风险，并为疫苗和治疗方案的开发争取更多时间。
Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, wearing face-masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.
可控制住疫情的非药物干预措施包括个人预防措施，如保持手部卫生、戴口罩和自我隔离；旨在保持物理距离的社区措施，如停学和取消大规模集会活动；旨在鼓励接受和参与此类干预的社区行动；以及表面清洁等环境措施。面对明显加重的疫情，中国立即采取了更加严厉的疫情遏制措施，如封城和实施严格的出行禁令。
Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus.
其他国家和地区也采取了各种措施来限制病毒传播。
South Korea introduced mass screening and localized quarantines, and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals.
韩国引入了大规模筛查与局部隔离措施，并就感染者的活动轨迹发布了警报。
Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so.
新加坡为自我隔离感染者提供财政支持，对拒绝自我隔离的感染者处以巨额罚款。
Taiwan increased face mask production and penalized hoarding of medical supplies.Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges.
中国台湾增加了口罩产量，对捂货惜售的医疗物资供应商施加处罚。对英国和美国的模拟显示，缓解（减缓但不阻止流行病的蔓延）和抑制（扭转流行病蔓延态势）均面临重大挑战。
Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by 2/3 and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and health systems being overwhelmed.
最佳缓解政策可能将高峰医疗需求减少 2/3，将死亡人数减少一半，但仍会导致数十万人死亡，造成卫生系统崩溃。
Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available, if that comes first), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed.
抑制可能为首选措施，但需要维持到病毒在人群中停止传播（或直至疫苗推出，以先到者为准），否则一旦放松措施，传播便会迅速反弹。
Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic causes social and economic costs.
旨在抑制大流行病的长期干预会带来社会和经济成本。
There are no specific antiviral medications approved for COVID-19, but development efforts are underway, including testing of existing medications.
目前尚未针对 COVID-19 批准任何特效抗病毒药物，但研发工作还在进行，包括对现有药物的试验。
Taking over-the-counter cold medications, drinking fluids, and resting may help alleviate symptoms.
服用非处方感冒药、补液和休息可能有助于缓解症状。
Depending on the severity, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and breathing support may be required.
根据病情的严重程度，可能需要氧疗、静脉输液和呼吸支持。
The use of steroids may worsen outcomes.
使用类固醇可能会导致情况恶化。
Several compounds that were previously approved for treatment of other viral diseases are being investigated for use in treating COVID-19.
目前正在研究先前获批用于治疗其他病毒性疾病的若干化合物，确定其是否适用于治疗 COVID-19。
The WHO also stated that some "traditional and home remedies" can provide relief of the symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-19.
世界卫生组织还指出，一些“传统和家庭疗法”可以缓解由 SARS-CoV-19 引起的症状。
Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.
世界卫生组织指出，提高处理能力和调整医疗系统以满足 COVID-19 患者的需求是基本的疫情应对措施。
The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and primary healthcare services for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing intensive care capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available ventilators and beds.
ECDC 和世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处发布了医院和初级卫生保健服务指南，用于在多个层面转移资源，包括将实验室服务集中于 COVID-19 检测，尽可能取消选择性程序，分隔和隔离 COVID-19 阳性患者，以及通过培训人员和增加可用呼吸机和病床数量来提高重症监护能力。
There are various theories about where the very first case (the so-called patient zero) may have originated.
关于第一病例（即所谓零号病人）起源地的猜测众说纷纭。
The first known case of the novel coronavirus may trace back to 1 December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
目前已知的第一例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例可能追溯到 2019 年 12 月 1 日，位于中国湖北武汉。
Within a month, the number of coronavirus cases in Hubei gradually increased.
一个月内，湖北省新型冠状病毒病例逐渐增加。
These were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals, and one theory is that the virus came from one of these kinds of animals; or, in other words, has a zoonotic origin.A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor Zhang Jixian in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.
这些患者大多与华南海鲜批发市场有关，该市场同时还出售活体动物，一种理论认为新型冠状病毒便来源于其中某种动物；或者换句话说，起源于人畜共患病。12 月 26 日，湖北省中西医结合医院的医生张继先最先发现并收治了一批不明原因的肺炎患者，并于 12 月 27 日上报至武汉市江汉区疾病预防控制中心。
On 30 December, a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital alerted their colleagues of a "SARS-like coronavirus".
12 月 30 日，武汉中心医院的一群医生提醒其同事警惕一种“类似 SARS 的冠状病毒”。
Eight of these doctors, including Li Wenliang, were admonished by the police for spreading false rumours, and another, Ai Fen, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.
包括李文亮在内的八名医生因散布“谣言”而受到警方训诫，另一名医生艾芬则因拉响警报而被其上级训诫。
The Wuhan Municipal Health Commission later released a public notice on 31 December and informed the WHO.
武汉市卫生健康委员会随后于 12 月 31 日发布公告，并上报至世界卫生组织。
Enough cases of unknown pneumonia had been reported to health authorities in Wuhan to trigger an investigation in early January.During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.
武汉卫生部门收到众多不明原因肺炎病例报告后，于 1 月初启动了一项调查。在疫情爆发早期，病例数量大约每七天半翻一倍。
In early and mid-January 2020, the virus spread to other Chinese provinces, helped by the Chinese New Year migration and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.
在 2020 年 1 月初至 1 月中旬，受中国春节人口大流动和武汉作为交通枢纽和主要铁路枢纽的影响，病毒传播到了中国其他省份。
On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in Shenzhen.
1 月 20 日，中国在一天内报告新增确诊病例近 140 例，包括北京 2 例和深圳 1 例。
Later official data shows that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January 2020.As of 26 March, the United States has overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.As of 9 April 2020, more than 1.61 million cases have been reported worldwide; more than 97,000 people have died and more than 364,000 have recovered.
后来的官方数据显示，截至 2020 年 1 月 20 日，已有 6,174 人出现症状。截至 3 月 26 日，美国确诊病例超过中国和意大利，成为全球确诊病例最多的国家。截至 2020 年 4 月 9 日，全球累计报告的确诊病例超过 161 万例；死亡超过 9.7 万例，治愈超过 36.4 万例。
Around 200 countries and territories have had at least one case.
全球约 200 个国家和地区均有报告确诊病例。
Due to the pandemic in Europe, many countries in the Schengen Area have restricted free movement and set up border controls.
受欧洲大流行的影响，申根区很多国家均采取了限制人口自由流动和设立边境管制的防控措施。
National reactions have included containment measures such as quarantines (known as stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdown) and curfews.As of 2 April, nearly 300 million people, or about 90% of the population, are under some form of lockdown in the United States, more than 50 million people are in lockdown in the Philippines, about 59 million people are in lockdown in South Africa, and 1.3 billion people are in lockdown in India.
国家级应对措施包括遏制，如隔离（也称居家令、就地避难令或封锁）和宵禁。截至 4 月 2 日，美国有近 3 亿人，即人口总数的约 90% 处于某种形式的封锁状态，菲律宾有 5,000 多万人处于封锁状态，南非有约 5,900 万人处于封锁状态，印度有 13 亿人处于封锁状态。
On 26 March, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown, which increased to 2.6 billion people two days later—around a third of the world's population.
3 月 26 日，全球有 17 亿人处于某种形式的封锁状态，两天后这一数字增至 26 亿，约占全球人口的三分之一。
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 has been traced back to 1 December 2019 in Wuhan; one unconfirmed report suggests the earliest case was on 17 November.
第一例 COVID-19 确诊病例已追溯到 2019 年 12 月 1 日，位于武汉；一份未经证实的报告推测最早病例可追溯到 11 月 17 日。
Doctor Zhang Jixian observed a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown cause on 26 December, upon which her hospital informed Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.
张继先医生于 12 月 26 日发现了一批不明原因的肺炎病例，其所在医院于 12 月 27 日将这一情况上报到武汉市江汉区疾病预防控制中心。
Initial genetic testing of patient samples on 27 December 2019 indicated the presence of a SARS-like coronavirus.
2019 年 12 月 27 日，在对患者样本进行的初步基因检测中发现一组类似 SARS 的冠状病毒。
A public notice was released by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission on 31 December.
武汉市卫生健康委员会于 12 月 31 日发布公告，
The WHO was informed on the same day.
同日上报至世界卫生组织。
As these notifications occurred, doctors in Wuhan were warned by police for "spreading rumours" about the outbreak.
这些通知发出后，武汉市几名医生因散步疫情“谣言”而受到警方训诫。
The Chinese National Health Commission initially claimed that there was no "clear evidence" of human-to-human transmission.
中国国家卫生健康委员会最初声称没有出现人传人的“明确证据”。
In late January, the Chinese government launched a radical campaign later described by the Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping as a "people's war" to contain the spread of the virus.
1 月下旬，中国政府发起了一场激进运动，后来，中共中央总书记习近平称这是一场遏制病毒传播的“人民战争”。
In what has been described as "the largest quarantine in human history", a cordon sanitaire was announced on 23 January stopping travel in and out of Wuhan, which was extended to a total of 15 cities in Hubei, affecting a total of about 57 million people.
1 月 23 日政府宣布在武汉拉起一道防疫线，禁止人员出入武汉，这条防疫线后来又延伸至湖北其他 15 个城市，总计约 5,700 万人受影响，堪称“人类史上最大规模的隔离事件”。
Private vehicle use was banned in the city.
市内禁止使用私家车。
Chinese New Year (25 January) celebrations were cancelled in many places.
很多地方还取消了中国农历新年（1 月 25 日）的庆祝活动。
The authorities also announced the construction of a temporary hospital, Huoshenshan Hospital, which was completed in 10 days.
政府部门还宣布建造一所临时医院，即火神山医院，该医院于 10 天内完工交付使用。
Another hospital was built afterwards, Leishenshan Hospital, to handle additional patients.
随后又建造了另一所医院，即雷神山医院，用于接诊更多患者。
In addition to newly constructed hospitals, China also converted 14 other facilities in Wuhan, such as convention centers and stadiums, into temporary hospitals.On 26 January, the government instituted further measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, including issuing health declarations for travellers and extending the Spring Festival holiday.
除了新建医院外，中国还将武汉其他 14 个场所，如会议中心和体育场，改造成方舱医院。1 月 26 日，政府采取了进一步措施来遏制 COVID-19 疫情，包括向出行人员发放健康申报表和延长春节假期。
Universities and schools around the country were also closed.
全国高校和中小学也全面停学。
The regions of Hong Kong and Macau instituted several measures, particularly in regard to schools and universities.
中国香港和澳门地区也采取了若干措施，特别是针对中小学和高校的措施。
Remote working measures were instituted in several Chinese regions.
中国多地实行了远程居家办公措施。
Travel restrictions were enacted in and outside of Hubei.
除湖北省外，其他身份也实行了旅行限制。
Public transport was modified, and museums throughout China were temporarily closed.
公共交通经过了调整，中国各地的博物馆也临时闭馆。
Control of public movement was applied in many cities, and it has been estimated that about 760 million people (more than half the population) faced some form of outdoor restriction.After the outbreak entered its global phase in March, Chinese authorities took strict measures to prevent the virus from "importing" from other countries.
很多城市实行了公共活动设施管制，据估计，约有 7.6 亿人（超过一半人口）受到了某种形式的户外活动限制。3 月疫情进入全球阶段后，中国当局采取严格措施，防止病毒从其他国家和地区“输入”。
For example, Beijing has imposed a 14-day mandatory quarantine for all international travellers entering the city.On 23 March, mainland China only one case had transmitted domestically in the five days prior, in this instance via a traveller returning to Guangzhou from Istanbul.
例如，北京对所有境外入京人员实行为期 14 天的强制隔离。在 3 月 23 日前的 5 天内，中国大陆仅出现一例本土病例，该病例系由一名从伊斯坦布尔返回广州的旅行者传播。
On 24 March 2020, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang reported that the spread of domestically transmitted cases has been basically blocked and the outbreak has been controlled in China.
2020 年 3 月 24 日，中国总理李克强报告称，本土病例传播已基本得到遏制，中国疫情已得到控制。
The same day travel restrictions were eased in Hubei, apart from Wuhan, two months after the lockdown was imposed.The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on 26 March 2020 that entry for visa or residence permit holders would be suspended from 28 March onwards, with no specific details on when this policy will end.
同日，除武汉以外的其他湖北地区在实施封锁整整两个月后开始放开出行限制。中国外交部于 2020 年 3 月 26 日宣布，自 3 月 28 日起，暂停持有效中国签证、居留许可的外国人入境，关于该政策何时结束，未披露相关细节。
Those who wish to enter China will have to apply for visas in Chinese embassies or consulates.
想要入华的人员需向中国大使馆或领事馆申请签证。
The Chinese government encouraged businesses and factories to re-open on 30 March, and provided monetary stimulus packages for firms.The State Council declared a day of mourning to begin with a national three-minute moment of silence on 10:00 4 April, coinciding with Qingming Festival, although the central government asked families to pay their respects online in observance of physical distancing as to avoid a renewed COVID-19 outbreak.
中国政府鼓励企业和工厂于 3 月 30 日复工，并为企业提供了货币刺激计划。国务院宣布将 4 月 4 日定为全国哀悼日，并于当日 10:00 点启动三分钟的全国默哀活动。这一天恰逢清明节，中央政府提倡各家庭通过网络共同悼念逝去的亲人，以保持物理距离，避免 COVID-19 疫情的二次爆发。
COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China.
2020 年 1 月 20 日，韩国出现 COVID-19 确诊病例。
The nation's health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February, largely attributed to a gathering in Daegu of a new religious movement known as the Shincheonji Church of Jesus.
韩国卫生机构报告称，2 月 20 日确诊病例显著增加，这主要源于在韩国大邱举行了一场新的宗教运动集会——新天地耶稣教会。
Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.
从武汉前往大邱的新天地信徒被怀疑为疫情爆发的源头。
As of 22 February, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13% reported symptoms.South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.
截至 2 月 22 日，在 9,336 名教会信徒中，有 1,261 人，也就是大约 13%报告出现症状。韩国于 2020 年 2 月 23 日宣布进入最高警戒级别。
On 28 February, more than 2,000 confirmed cases were reported in Korea, rising to 3,150 on 29 February.
2 月 28 日，韩国累计报告 2,000 多例确诊病例，2 月 29 日增至 3,150 例。
All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests confirmed that three soldiers were positive for the virus.
有三名士兵的病毒检测结果确认呈阳性，此后韩国所有军事基地均进入隔离状态。
Airline schedules were also affected and therefore they were changed.South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organized programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, and isolate any infected people as well as tracing and quarantining those who contacted them.
航班时刻表也因疫情影响而调整。韩国推出了被认为全球规模最大、组织最好的病毒防控计划，即对大量人口进行病毒筛查，隔离所有感染者，并追踪和隔离感染者的密切接触人员。
Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application, drive-thru testing for the virus with the results available the next day, and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.
筛查办法包括强制要求从境外新近入境者通过移动应用程序自行报告症状，进行免下车病毒检测，第二天即可获得结果，同时提高检测能力，每天最多可容纳 20,000 人接受检测。
South Korea's programme is considered to be a success in controlling the outbreak despite not quarantining entire cities.The South Korean society was initially polarized on President Moon Jae-in's response to the crisis.
尽管没有隔离整座城市，但韩国的计划被认为是疫情防控的成功之举。韩国社会最初对总统文在寅的危机反应表现出两极分化的态度。
Many Koreans signed petitions either calling for the impeachment of Moon over what they claimed to be government mishandling of the outbreak, or praising his response.
很多韩国人在请愿书上签字，有的呼吁弹劾文在寅，指责政府对疫情的处理不当，有的则赞扬他的应对策略。
On 23 March, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.
3 月 23 日，据报道韩国出现四周以来的最低单日新增病例总数。
On 29 March it was reported that beginning 1 April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.
3 月 29 日报道称，从 4 月 1 日起，所有新抵达的海外人员均将被隔离两周。
Per media reports on 1 April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.
据媒体 4 月 1 日报道，韩国已收到来自 121 个不同国家和地区的病毒检测援助请求。
Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February in Qom, where, according to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, two people died later that day.
2 月 19 日，伊朗宣布库姆出现首批 SARS-CoV-2 确诊病例，后来据伊朗卫生部称，两名患者已于当天死亡。
Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events, sporting events, and Friday prayers, and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.
政府宣布的早期措施包括取消音乐会和其他文化活动、体育赛事和周五祈祷，大学、高等教育机构及中小学全面停学。
Iran allocated five trillion rials to combat the virus.
伊朗拨款五万亿里亚尔用于抗击病毒。
President Hassan Rouhani said on 26 February 2020 that there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.
2020 年 2 月 26 日，伊朗总统哈桑·鲁哈尼称未计划封锁受疫情影响的地区，而只会隔离被感染的个人。
Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March, although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year Nowruz continued.
三月，伊朗宣布了旨在限制城际出行的计划，但城际交通拥挤现象一直持续到波斯新年。
Shia shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March 2020.Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China during February.
库姆地区什叶派圣地在 2020 年 3 月 16 日之前一直对朝圣者开放。二月份，伊朗成为继中国之后的病毒传播中心。
Amidst claims of a cover-up of the extent of the outbreak in Iran, more than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating that the extent of the outbreak may be more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.
多方认为伊朗疫情的爆发程度受到了掩盖，这其中包括，截至 2 月 28 日，十多个国家的病例追溯结果指向伊朗，由此表明伊朗实际疫情比政府截至该日报告的 388 例病例要严重。
The Iranian Parliament was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3 March.
伊朗议会被迫关闭，据报告其 290 名议员中有 23 名于 3 月 3 日检测出病毒结果呈阳性。
On 12 March, the Human Rights Watch urged the Iranian prison authorities to unconditionally release the human rights defenders detained for peaceful dissent, and to also temporarily release all the eligible prisoners.
3 月 12 日，人权观察组织敦促伊朗监狱无条件释放因和平表达异议而被拘留的人权捍卫者，并临时释放所有符合条件的囚犯。
It stated that there is a greater risk of the virus to spread in closed institutions like detention centres, which also lack adequate medical care.
该组织指出，病毒在拘留中心等封闭机构中的传播风险更大，且这些机构缺乏足够的医疗保健措施。
On 15 March, the Iranian government reported 100 deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.
3 月 15 日，伊朗政府报告一天内死亡 100 人，这是自疫情爆发以来该国报告的最高单日死亡数。
At least 12 sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March.
截至 3 月 17 日，至少有 12 名现任或前任伊朗政治家和政府官员死于该病。
By 23 March, Iran was experiencing 50 new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to coronavirus.
截至 3 月 23 日，伊朗每小时新增 50 例确诊病例，每 10 分钟就会新增 1 例因冠状病毒死亡的病例。
According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported.
据世界卫生组织官员称，伊朗实际病例数可能比报道数高出 5 倍。
It is also suggested that U.S. sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country's financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.
还有观点认为，美国对伊朗的制裁可能会影响该国在应对疫情方面的财力。
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has demanded economic sanctions to be eased for nations most affected by the pandemic, including Iran.
联合国人权事务高级专员要求对包括伊朗在内受本次大流行病影响最严重的国家放松经济制裁。
The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Rome.
1 月 31 日，两名中国游客在罗马被检测出 SARS-CoV-2 结果呈阳性，疫情确认蔓延到了意大利。
Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.
随后该国病例数急剧上升，促使意大利政府暂停所有往返中国的航班，并宣布进入紧急状态。
An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February.On 22 February, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in northern Italy.
从 2 月 21 日在伦巴第确诊的 16 例病例开始，后来发现了一批无关联的 COVID-19 病例。2 月 22 日，内阁会议宣布了遏制疫情蔓延的新法令，包括对意大利北部 11 个不同城市的 5 万多人进行隔离。
Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided.
总理朱塞佩·孔特宣布：“严禁出入疫区。
Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths.
疫区已下令停工和暂停体育赛事”。3 月 4 日，因国内死亡病例达到 100 例，意大利政府下令全国各级学校全面停课。
All major sporting events, including Serie A football matches, were to be held behind closed doors until April, but on 9 March, all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.
包括意大利足球甲级联赛在内的所有重大体育赛事 4 月前均将以无观众模式举办，但在 3 月 9 日，所有体育赛事均已完全暂停至少一个月。
On 11 March, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.On 6 March, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published medical ethics recommendations regarding triage protocols that might be employed.
3 月 11 日，总理孔特下令停止除超市和药店以外的几乎所有商业活动。3 月 6 日，意大利麻醉镇痛重症医学学会 (SIAARTI) 公布了关于可能采用的分诊方案的医学伦理建议。
On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most coronavirus-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.
3 月 19 日，意大利报告有 3,405 人死于这场大流行病，至此超过中国，成为全球新型冠状病毒死亡病例最多的国家。
On 22 March, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.
3 月 22 日，据报道称，俄罗斯向意大利派出了九架载有医疗设备的军用飞机。
As of 5 April, there were 128,948 confirmed cases, 15,887 deaths, and 21,815 recoveries in Italy, with the majority of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.
截至 4 月 5 日，意大利累计确诊病例达 128,948 例，死亡 15,887 例，治愈 21,815 例，其中大部分病例出现在伦巴第地区。
A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy's large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.
美国有线电视新闻网曾报告称意大利庞大的老年人口和迄今无法检测所有病毒感染者的双重因素可能是引发高死亡率的部分原因。
The United Kingdom's response to the virus first emerged as one of the most relaxed of the affected countries, and until 18 March 2020, the British government did not impose any form of social distancing or mass quarantine measures on its citizens.
英国对该病毒的最初反应被认为是受影响国家中最松弛的一个。直至 2020 年 3 月 18 日，英国政府才开始对其公民实施各种形式的保持社会距离或大规模隔离措施。
As a result, the government received criticism for the perceived lack of pace and intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.On 16 March, Prime Minister Boris Johnson made an announcement advising against all non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home where possible and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.
英国政府因此受到批评，被指责在应对公众担忧方面缺乏速度和力度。3 月 16 日，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊发表声明，建议取消任何非必要的出行和社交接触，建议人们尽可能居家办公，避免去酒吧、餐馆和剧院等场所。
On 20 March, the government announced that all leisure establishments such as pubs and gyms were to close as soon as possible, and promised to pay up to 80% of workers' wages to a limit of £2,500 per month to prevent unemployment in the crisis.On 23 March, the Prime Minister announced tougher social distancing measures, banning gatherings of more than two people and restricting travel and outdoor activity to that deemed strictly necessary.
3 月 20 日，政府宣布应尽快关闭包括酒吧和健身房在内的所有休闲场所，并承诺最高可承担 80% 的工人工资，每月最高限额 2,500 英镑，以防止造成危机下的失业情况。3 月 23 日，英国首相宣布了更严厉的关于保持社会距离的措施，禁止两人以上的集会，而且除非绝对必要，不得进行任何出行和户外活动。
Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through the issuing of fines and the dispersal of gatherings.
不同于以往措施，此次宣布的限制规定由警方通过罚款和驱散集会的方式强制执行。
Most businesses were ordered to close, with exceptions for businesses deemed "essential", including supermarkets, pharmacies, banks, hardware shops, petrol stations, and garages.
除了超市、药店、银行、五金店、加油站和车库等被认定为“必不可少”的业务外，其他大部分业务均被勒令停工。
On 20 January, the first known case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the Pacific Northwest state of Washington in a man who had returned from Wuhan on 15 January.
太平洋西北部华盛顿州于 1 月 20 日发现了美国首例 COVID-19 确诊病例，患者于 1 月 15 日从武汉回到当地。
The White House Coronavirus Task Force was established on 29 January.
1 月 29 日，白宫成立冠状病毒特别工作组。
On 31 January, the Trump administration declared a public health emergency, and placed restrictions on entry for travellers from China.
1 月 31 日，特朗普政府宣布进入公共卫生紧急状态，并对来自中国的旅行者实施入境限制。
On 28 January 2020, the Center for Disease Control—the leading public health institute of the U.S. government—announced they had developed their own testing kit.
2020 年 1 月 28 日，美国疾控中心（美国政府下设的主要公共卫生机构）宣布已自行开发出检测试剂盒。
Despite doing so, the United States had a slow start in testing, which obscured the true extent of the outbreak at the time.
尽管如此，美国在检测方面的起步仍然较慢，掩盖了当时的疫情真实情况。
Testing was marred by defective test kits produced by the federal government in February, a lack of federal government approval for non-government test kits (by academia, companies and hospitals) until the end of February, and restrictive criteria for people to qualify for a test until early March (a doctor's order was required thereafter).
联邦政府 2 月份生产的试剂盒存在缺陷，直到 2 月底联邦政府才批准使用（来自学术界、公司和医院的）非政府试剂盒，直到 3 月初才确定检测资格限制性标准（此后需要医嘱），所有这些因素均导致美国前期检测受阻。
By 27 February, The Washington Post reported fewer than 4,000 tests had been conducted in the United States.
2 月 27 日，《华盛顿邮报》报道称美国执行的检测总数不足 4,000 次。
By 13 March, The Atlantic reported that less than 14,000 tests had been conducted.
3 月 13 日，《大西洋报》报道称美国执行的检测总数不足 14,000 次。
On 22 March, the Associated Press reported: "Many people who have symptoms and a doctor's order have waited hours or days for a test."After the first death in the United States was reported in Washington state on 29 February, Governor Jay Inslee declared a state of emergency, an action that was soon followed by other states.
3 月 22 日，美联社报道：“很多有症状和医嘱的患者等了几个小时或几天才接受检测”。2 月 29 日，华盛顿州报道了美国首例死亡病例后，州长杰伊·英斯利随即宣布进入紧急状态，其他州也很快跟进。
Schools in the Seattle area cancelled classes on 3 March, and by mid-March, schools across the country were shutting down.On 6 March 2020, the United States was advised of projections for the impact of the new coronavirus on the country by a group of epidemiologists at Imperial College London.
3 月 3 日，西雅图地区学校停课。3 月中旬，全国各级学校全面停课。2020 年 3 月 6 日，伦敦帝国学院的一些流行病学家就新型冠状病毒对美国的影响给出了预测建议。
On the same day President Trump signed the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, which provided $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies to respond to the outbreak.
同一天，特朗普总统签署了《冠状病毒预防和应对补充拨款法案》，为联邦机构应对疫情提供了 83 亿美元的紧急资金。
Corporations imposed employee travel restrictions, cancelled conferences, and encouraged employees to work from home.
企业对员工实施出行限制，取消会议，并鼓励员工居家办公。
Sports events and seasons were cancelled.On 11 March, Trump announced travel restrictions for most of Europe, excluding the United Kingdom, for 30 days, effective 13 March.
体育赛事和赛季被迫取消。3 月 11 日，特朗普宣布将从 3 月 13 日起对除英国外的大部分欧洲国家实施为期 30 天的旅行禁令。
The following day, he expanded the restrictions to include the United Kingdom and Ireland.
第二天，特朗普又将限制范围扩大到包括英国和爱尔兰。
On 13 March, he declared a national emergency, which made federal funds available to respond to the crisis.
3 月 13 日，特朗普宣布进入国家紧急状态，开始动用联邦资金应对疫情危机。
Beginning on 15 March, many businesses closed or reduced hours throughout the U.S. to try to reduce the spread of the virus.
从 3 月 15 日起，美国各地很多企业关闭或缩短营业时间，以期缓解病毒传播。
By 17 March, the epidemic had been confirmed in all 50 states and in the District of Columbia.On 23 March, it was reported that New York City had 10,700 cases of the coronavirus, more than the total number of cases in South Korea.
截至 3 月 17 日，全美 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区均报告出现确诊病例。3 月 23 日，据报道称纽约市新型冠状病毒确诊病例达 10,700 例，超过了韩国病例总数。
On 25 March, the governor said that social distancing seemed to be working, as estimates of case doubling slowed from 2.0 days to 4.7 days.
3 月 25 日，纽约州州长称保持社交距离似乎已开始发挥作用，病例翻倍间隔估值从 2.0 天延长至 4.7 天。
As of 28 March, there were 32,308 confirmed cases in New York City, and 672 people had died from the virus.On 26 March, the United States was reported to have more confirmed coronavirus infection cases than any other country in the world, including China and Italy.As of 8 April, 400,335 cases have been confirmed in the United States, and 12,841 people have died.
截至 3 月 28 日，纽约市累计确诊病例达 32,308 例，因病毒死亡 672 例。3 月 26 日，据报道称美国确诊的新型冠状病毒感染病例数超过包括中国和意大利在内的任何其他国家。截至 4 月 8 日，美国累计确诊病例达 400,335 例，死亡 12,841 例。
Per media reports on 30 March, U.S. President Trump has decided to extend social distancing guidelines until 30 April.
根据媒体 3 月 30 日的报道，美国总统特朗普决定将社交距离准则的施行时间延长至 4 月 30 日。
On the same day, the USNS Comfort, a hospital ship with about 1000 beds, made anchor in New York.
同日，共设约 1,000 张床位的安慰号医务船在纽约抛锚。
On 3 April, the U.S. had a record 884 deaths due to the coronavirus in a 24-hour period.
4 月 3 日，美国 24 小时内新增 884 例冠状病毒死亡病例，创下最高记录。
In the state of New York the cases have exceeded 100,000 people on 3 April.The White House has been criticized for downplaying the threat and controlling the messaging by directing health officials and scientists to coordinate public statements and publications related to the virus with the office of Vice-President Mike Pence.
4 月 3 日，纽约州病例总数已超 10 万例。白宫指示卫生官员和科学家与副总统迈克·彭斯办公室协调病毒相关公开声明和出版物，以此来淡化威胁和控制信息传递，此举遭到民众指责。
Overall approval of Trump's management of the crisis has been polarized along partisan lines.
民众对特朗普危机防控措施的总体认可已经因党派分歧而出现两极分化。
Some U.S. officials and commentators criticized the U.S. reliance on importation of critical materials, including essential medical supplies, from China.
一些美国官员和评论员批评美国依赖从中国进口基本医疗用品等关键物资。
An analysis of air travel patterns was used to map and predict patterns of spread and was published in The Journal of Travel Medicine in mid-January 2020.
航空出行模式分析被用于绘制和预测传播模式，并于 2020 年 1 月中旬刊登到了《旅行医学杂志》杂志上。
Based on 2018 information from the International Air Transport Association, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Taipei had the largest volume of travellers from Wuhan.
根据国际航空运输协会 2018 年发布的信息，从武汉出发前往曼谷、香港、东京和台北的旅客量最大。
Dubai, Sydney, and Melbourne were also reported as popular destinations for people travelling from Wuhan.
另据报道，迪拜、悉尼和墨尔本也是从武汉出发的旅客热门目的地。
Bali was reported as least able among the 20 most popular destination cities in terms of preparedness, while cities in Australia were considered most able.Australia released its Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on 7 February.
据报道，在 20 个最受欢迎的目的地城市中，巴厘岛的预备状态最差，澳大利亚各城市的预备状态最佳。澳大利亚于 2 月 7 日发布了新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 应急计划。
It stated that much was yet to be discovered about COVID-19, and that Australia would emphasize border control and communication in its response to the pandemic.
报道指出人们对 COVID-19 的了解还不够深入，澳大利亚在应对这一流行病方面将重点关注边境管控和沟通。
On 21 March, a human biosecurity emergency was declared in Australia.
3 月 21 日，澳大利亚宣布进入“人类生物安全紧急状态”。
Owing to the effective quarantine of public transport in Wuhan and Hubei, several countries have planned to evacuate their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through chartered flights of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance.
因武汉和湖北其他地区的公共交通被有效隔离，一些国家和地区已计划将侨居在这些地区本国公民和外交人员撤回本国，主要通过本国包机并由中国有关当局提供许可来实现。
Canada, the United States, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.
其中最先计划撤侨的国家有加拿大、美国、日本、印度、斯里兰卡、澳大利亚、法国、阿根廷、德国和泰国。
Pakistan has said that it will not be evacuating any citizens from China.
巴基斯坦表示不会从中国撤侨。
On 7 February, Brazil evacuated 34 Brazilians or family members in addition to four Poles, a Chinese person, and an Indian citizen.
2 月 7 日，巴西撤回了 34 名巴西人或家庭成员，另外还撤回了 4 名波兰人、1 名中国人和 1 名印度人。
The citizens of Poland, China, and India deplaned in Poland, where the Brazilian plane made a stopover before following its route to Brazil.
巴西飞机在飞往巴西之前途径波兰并做短暂停留，波兰、中国和印度公民在此下飞机。
Brazilian citizens who went to Wuhan were quarantined at a military base near Brasília.
到过武汉的巴西公民被送到巴西利亚附近的一个军事基地接受隔离。
On the same day, 215 Canadians (176 from the first plane, and 39 from a second plane chartered by the U.S. government) were evacuated from Wuhan to CFB Trenton to be quarantined for two weeks.
同日，215 名加拿大人（其中第一架飞机撤回 176 人，由美国政府包租的第二架飞机撤回 39 人）从武汉撤回并被送到特伦顿加军基地接受为期两周的隔离。
On 11 February, another plane of 185 Canadians from Wuhan landed at CFB Trenton.
2 月 11 日，另一架载有 185 名加拿大人的飞机从武汉起飞，降落特伦顿加军基地。
Australian authorities evacuated 277 citizens on 3 and 4 February to the Christmas Island Detention Centre, which had been repurposed as a quarantine facility, where they remained for 14 days.
澳大利亚当局于 2 月 3 日和 4 日撤回 277 名公民并送到了已改作隔离场所的圣诞岛拘留中心，接受为期 14 天的隔离。
A New Zealand evacuation flight arrived in Auckland on 5 February; its passengers (including some from Australia and the Pacific) were quarantined at a naval base in Whangaparoa, north of Auckland.
新西兰一架疏散飞机于 2 月 5 日降落奥克兰；机上乘客（包括一些来自澳大利亚和太平洋的乘客）被送到奥克兰北部的一个海军基地接受隔离。
On 15 February, the United States announced that it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship Diamond Princess.
2 月 15 日，美国宣布撤回钻石公主号邮轮上的美国人。
On 21 February, a plane carrying 129 Canadian passengers who had been evacuated from Diamond Princess landed in Trenton, Ontario.
2 月 21 日，一架载有 129 名加拿大乘客的飞机降落安大略省特伦顿，这些从自钻石公主号邮轮撤回的乘客。
In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.On 14 March a South African Airways aircraft chartered by the South African Government repatriated 112 South African citizens.
3 月初，印度政府开始从伊朗撤侨。3 月 14 日，南非政府包租一架南非航空公司飞机撤回 112 名南非公民。
Medical screening was performed prior to departure, and four South Africans who were showing signs of coronavirus were left behind to mitigate risk.
飞机起飞前对乘客进行了医学排查，四名出现新型冠状病毒迹象的南非人被留下以降低传播风险。
Only South Africans who tested negative were repatriated.
只有检测结果呈阴性的南非人被撤回。
Test results cleared all the South Africans, including the flight crew, pilots, hotel staff, police and soldiers involved in the humanitarian mission who, as a precautionary measure, all remained under observation and in quarantine for a 14-day period at The Ranch Resort.
所有南非人（包括机组人员、飞行员、酒店工作人员、警察和参与人道主义任务的士兵）检测结果均为阴性，作为预防措施，他们被送到 The Ranch Resort 接受为期 14 天的观察与隔离。
On 20 March, the United States began to partially withdrawal its troops from Iraq due to the pandemic.
3 月 20 日，受这一流行病的影响，美国开始从伊拉克撤回部分军队。
On 5 February, the Chinese foreign ministry stated that 21 countries (including Belarus, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Egypt, and Iran) had sent aid to China.
2 月 5 日，中国外交部表示，有 21 个国家（包括白俄罗斯、巴基斯坦、特立尼达和多巴哥、埃及和伊朗）向中国提供了援助。
Some Chinese students at American universities joined together to help send aid to virus-stricken parts of China, with a joint group in the greater Chicago area reportedly managing to send 50,000 N95 masks to hospitals in the Hubei province on 30 January.The humanitarian aid organization Direct Relief, in coordination with FedEx, sent 200,000 face masks along with other personal protective equipment, including gloves and gowns, by emergency airlift to the Wuhan Union Hospital by 30 January.
在美国上大学一些中国留学生也联合起来，帮助向中国遭受病毒袭击的地区运送救援物资。据报道，大芝加哥地区的一个联合小组于 1 月 30 日向湖北省多家医院运送了 5 万只 N95 口罩。人道主义援助组织 Direct Relief 经过与联邦快递协调，在 1 月 30 日前通过紧急空运向武汉协和医院运送了 20 万只口罩和其他个人防护装备，包括手套和防护服。
On 5 February, Bill and Melinda Gates announced a $100 million donation to the WHO to fund vaccine research and treatment efforts along with protecting "at-risk populations in Africa and South Asia".
2 月 5 日，盖茨夫妇宣布向世界卫生组织捐赠 1 亿美元，资助疫苗研发和治疗工作，同时保护“非洲和南亚地区的高危人群”。
Interaksyon reported that the Chinese government donated 200,000 masks to the Philippines on 6 February, after Senator Richard Gordon shipped 3.16 million masks to Wuhan.
据 Interaksyon 报道，在菲律宾参议员 Richard Gordon 向武汉运送了 316 万只口罩后，中国政府又于 2 月 6 日向菲律宾捐赠了 20 万只口罩。
On 19 February, the Singapore Red Cross announced that it would send $2.26 million worth of aid to China.
2 月 19 日，新加坡红十字会宣布将向中国提供价值 226 万美元的援助。
Japan donated one million face masks to Wuhan, Turkey dispatched medical equipment, Russia sent more than 13 tonnes of medical supplies to Wuhan, Malaysia announced a donation of 18 million medical gloves to China, Germany delivered various medical supplies including 10,000 Hazmat suits, and the United States donated 17.8 tons of medical supplies to China and promised an additional $100 million in financial support to affected countries.After cases in China seemed to stabilize, the country has been sending aid to various nations hit by the pandemic.
日本向武汉捐赠了 100 万只口罩，土耳其向武汉派发了医疗设备，俄罗斯向武汉运送了超过 13 吨医疗物资，马来西亚宣布向中国捐赠 1,800 万副医疗手套，德国向中国运送了 1 万套防护服及其他各种医疗物资，美国向中国捐赠了 17.8 吨医疗物资，并承诺向受影响国家和地区额外提供 1 亿美元的财政支持。待中国病例似乎稳定下来后，中国也一直在向受疫情影响的其他国家和地区提供援助。
In March, China, Cuba and Russia sent medical supplies and experts to help Italy deal with its coronavirus outbreak.
3 月，中国、古巴和俄罗斯向意大利派遣了专家并送出了医疗物资来帮助意大利应对新型冠状病毒爆发。
Businessman Jack Ma sent 1.1 million testing kits, 6 million face masks, and 60,000 protective suits to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for distribution by the African Union.
企业家马云向埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴运送了 110 万套试剂盒、600 万只口罩和 6 万套防护服，由非洲联盟发放。
He later sent 5,000 testing kits, 100,000 face masks and 5 ventilators to Panama.
马云后来又向巴拿马运送了 5,000 套检测工具、10 万只口罩和 5 台呼吸机。
Ma also donated medical supplies to Canada.The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Georgia, and the Czech Republic expressed their concerns over Chinese-made masks and test kits.
除此之外，马云还向加拿大捐赠了医疗物资。荷兰、西班牙、土耳其、格鲁吉亚和捷克共和国对中国制造的口罩和试剂盒表示担忧。
For instance, Spain withdrew 58,000 Chinese-made coronavirus testing kits with an accuracy rate of just 30%, meanwhile, the Netherlands recalled 600,000 Chinese face masks which were defective.
例如，西班牙撤回了 5.8 万套中国制造的准确率仅达 30% 的冠状病毒检测试剂盒，同时荷兰也召回了 60 万只存在缺陷的中国口罩。
Belgium recalled 100,000 unusable masks, thought to be from China, but were in fact from Colombia.
比利时召回了 10 万只无法使用的口罩，这些口罩被认为来自中国，但其实来自哥伦比亚。
On the other hand, Chinese aid has been well-received in parts of Latin America and Africa.On 2 April, the World Bank launched emergency support operations for developing countries.
另一方面，中国的援助在拉丁美洲和非洲部分地区广受欢迎。4 月 2 日，世界银行启动了对发展中国家的紧急支持行动。
The WHO has commended the efforts of Chinese authorities in managing and containing the epidemic.
世界卫生组织赞扬了中国当局在疫情防控方面做出的努力。
The WHO noted the contrast between the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, where Chinese authorities were accused of secrecy that impeded prevention and containment efforts, and the current crisis where the central government "has provided regular updates to avoid panic ahead of Lunar New Year holidays".
世界卫生组织注意到了 2002-2004 年非典疫情与本次危机之间的反差。在非典疫情中，中国当局被指控隐瞒实情，妨碍了预防和遏制工作，而在本次危机中，中央政府“在农历新年假期前便已开始定期更新情况，以避免恐慌”。
On 23 January, in reaction to the central authorities' decision to implement a transportation ban in Wuhan, WHO representative Gauden Galea remarked that while it was "certainly not a recommendation the WHO has made", it was also "a very important indication of the commitment to contain the epidemic in the place where it is most concentrated" and called it "unprecedented in public health history".On 30 January, following confirmation of human-to-human transmission outside China and the increase in the number of cases in other countries, the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), the sixth PHEIC since the measure was first invoked during the 2009 swine flu pandemic.
1 月 23 日，针对中央政府对武汉实施封城措施的决定，世界卫生组织代表高力表示，虽然这“肯定不是世界卫生组织提出的建议”，但这也“充分体现了从疫情最集中的地区遏制疫情蔓延的决心”，并将此举称为“公共卫生史上前所未有的”举措。1 月 30 日，中国境外确认出现人传人现象且其他国家病例数有所增加，世界卫生组织随即宣布此次爆发构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 (PHEIC)，这是继 2009 年猪流感大流行期间首次实行该措施以来的第六个国际关注的公共卫生突发事件。
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom said that the PHEIC was due to "the risk of global spread, especially to low- and middle-income countries without robust health systems.
世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞指出国际关注的突发公共卫生事件的确定依据的是“全球传播风险，特别是向卫生系统不健全的中低收入国家传播的风险”。
In response to the implementations of travel restrictions, Tedros stated that "there is no reason for measures that unnecessarily interfere with international travel and trade" and that the "WHO doesn't recommend limiting trade and movement."
在回应实施旅行限制的问题上，谭德塞表示，“没有理由采取措施对国际旅行与贸易进行不必要的干预”，并且“世界贸易组织不建议限制贸易与流动”。
On 5 February, the WHO appealed to the global community for a $675 million contribution to fund strategic preparedness in low-income countries, citing the urgency to support those countries which "do not have the systems in place to detect people who have contracted the virus, even if it were to emerge".
2 月 5 日，世界卫生组织呼吁国际社会捐款 6.75 亿美元，为低收入国家战略预备状态提供资助，称迫切需要为那些“没有配套系统对病毒感染者进行检测”的国家提供支持。
Tedros further made statements declaring that "we are only as strong as our weakest link" and urged the international community to "invest today or pay more later".On 11 February, the WHO in a press conference established COVID-19 as the name of the disease.
谭德塞进一步发表声明，宣称“最弱的环节决定了我们有多强大”，并敦促国际社会“立即投入，否则日后代价更大”。2 月 11 日，世界卫生组织在新闻发布会上确定将该病命名为 COVID-19。
On the same day, Tedros stated that UN Secretary-General António Guterres had agreed to provide the "power of the entire UN system in the response".
同日，谭德塞表示，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯已同意“联合国将全力应对疫情”。
A UN Crisis Management Team was activated as a result, allowing coordination of the entire United Nations response, which the WHO states will allow them to "focus on the health response while the other agencies can bring their expertise to bear on the wider social, economic and developmental implications of the outbreak".
为此联合国启动了联合国危机管理小组，协调整个联合国的应对措施。世界卫生组织表示，这样世卫组织便可“专注于卫生应对措施，而其他机构也可将其专业知识用于应对疫情对社会、经济和发展造成的更广泛影响”。
On 14 February, a WHO-led Joint Mission Team with China was activated to provide international and WHO experts on the ground in China to assist in the domestic management and evaluate "the severity and the transmissibility of the disease" by hosting workshops and meetings with key national-level institutions and to conduct field visits to assess the "impact of response activities at provincial and county levels, including urban and rural settings".On 25 February, the WHO declared that "the world should do more to prepare for a possible coronavirus pandemic," stating that while it was still too early to call it a pandemic, countries should nonetheless be "in a phase of preparedness".
2 月 14 日，由世界卫生组织牵头的中国联合特派团启动，向中国实地派遣国际和世界卫生组织专家，通过召开研讨会并与国家级重要机构开会来协助应对本土疫情并评估“疾病的严重性和传染性”，并通过实地考察来评估“省级和县级应对活动的影响，包括城市和农村地区的不同情况”。2 月 25 日，世界卫生组织宣布“全球应做出更大的努力，为可能出现的冠状病毒大流行做好充分准备”，并指出，尽管称之为大流行还为时过早，但各国仍应“进入预备状态”。
In response to a developing outbreak in Iran, the WHO sent a Joint Mission Team there to assess the situation.On 28 February, WHO officials said that the coronavirus threat assessment at the global level would be raised from "high" to "very high", its highest level of alert and risk assessment.
为了应对伊朗不断发展的疫情，世界卫生组织派出联合特派团前往该国评估局势。2 月 28 日，世界卫生组织官员称已将冠状病毒疫情的全球风险级别从“高”上调至“很高”，这也是该评估方法的最高警戒和风险级别。
Mike Ryan, executive director of the WHO's health emergencies program, warned in a statement that "This is a reality check for every government on the planet: Wake up.
世界卫生组织卫生应急项目执行董事 Mike Ryan 在一份声明中警告称：“这是对全球各国政府的现实检查：清醒一下。
This virus may be on its way and you need to be ready," urging that the right response measures could help the world avoid "the worst of it".
病毒可能正在逼近，请做好准备”，并敦促各国政府采取正确的应对措施，避免全球出现“最坏的情况”。
Ryan further stated that the current data did not warrant public health officials to declare a global pandemic, saying that such a declaration would mean "we're essentially accepting that every human on the planet will be exposed to that virus."
Ryan 进一步指出，目前的数据并不足以让公共卫生官员宣布进入全球大流行，这样宣布将意味着“我们基本上认可地球上的所有人都可能接触到这种病毒。”
On 11 March, the WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic.
3 月 11 日，世界卫生组织宣布新型冠状病毒爆发构成全球大流行。
The Director-General said that the WHO was "deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction".The WHO has faced significant criticism for what is seen as inadequate handling of the pandemic, including the late declaration of a public health emergency and the classification of the virus as a pandemic.
世界卫生组织总干事称“对发人深省的扩散和严重程度以及无所作为的现实深表关切”。世界卫生组织因被认为对全球大流行的处理不当而受到严重批评，包括延迟宣布突发公共卫生事件和将病毒归类为全球大流行。
The backlash included a petition for the WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom to tender his resignation, signed by 733,000 people as of 6 April.
其中比较强烈的反对声音包括请愿要求世界卫生组织总干事 Tedros Adhanom 递交辞呈，截至 4 月 6 日，已有 73.3 万人签署这份请愿书。
On 26 March 2020, dozens of UN human rights experts emphasized respecting the rights of every individual during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2020 年 3 月 26 日，数十名联合国人权专家强调在 COVID-19 大流行期间要尊重每个人的权利。
The expert group stated that everyone is entitled to life-saving interventions and the government holds this responsibility.
专家组指出，每个人都有权享受生命拯救干预措施，而政府应承担起这项责任。
The group stressed that the lack of resources or health insurance should never serve as a justification for discrimination against a specific group.
该专家组强调，缺乏资源或健康保险绝不应成为歧视特定群体的理由。
The experts underscored that every individual has the right to health, including people with disabilities, belonging to minority groups, older people, internally displaced people, the homeless, those living in extremely poor conditions, people in detention, as well as refugees and other unspecified groups in need of government support.
专家强调，每个人都享有健康权，包括残疾人、未成年人、老年人、境内流离失所者、无家可归者、生活条件极其恶劣的群体、被拘留者以及需要政府支持的难民和其他未指明群体。
International governmental organizations are addressing the economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 crisis.
国际政府组织正在积极应对 COVID-19 危机所造成的经济和社会影响。
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has launched a platform to provide timely and comprehensive information on policy responses in countries around the world, as well as viewpoints and advice.
经济合作与发展组织推出了一个平台，旨在及时提供有关世界各国政策反应的全面信息及观点和建议。
From policies to strengthen health systems and the world economy to addressing the effects of lockdown and restrictions on travel, the digital hub includes a Country Policy Tracker, and aims to help countries learn from each other and to facilitate a co-ordinated global response to the coronavirus challenge.
从加强卫生系统和世界经济的政策到应对封锁和出行限制的影响，这一数字中心内设国家政策跟踪系统，旨在帮助各国相互学习，促进全球协力应对新型冠状病毒挑战。
The Chinese government has been criticized by the United States, UK Minister for the Cabinet Office Michael Gove, and Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro's son Eduardo Bolsonaro for its handling of the pandemic, which began in the Chinese province of Hubei.
因本次大流行最初爆发于中国湖北省，美国、英国内阁办公室大臣迈克尔·戈夫和巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗的儿子爱德华多·博索纳罗对中国政府的处理方式提出了批评。
A number of provincial-level administrators of the Communist Party of China (CPC) were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine efforts in Central China, a sign of discontent with the political establishment's response to the outbreak in those regions.
数名中共 (CPC) 省级行政官员因对华中地区防疫工作处理不当而被免职，反映了中央对当地政治机构的疫情应对措施不满。
Some commentators believe that this move was intended to protect Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping from the public's anger over the coronavirus outbreak.
一些评论员认为，此举旨在避免公众因新型冠状病毒爆发而对中共中央总书记习近平不满。
Some Chinese officials, e.g. Zhao Lijian rejected an earlier acknowledgement of the coronavirus outbreak starting in Wuhan, in favour of conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 originating from the U.S. or Italy.
一些中国官员（如赵立坚）否认此前承认的 COVID-19 爆发始于武汉的言论，并支持关于新型冠状病毒肺炎源自美国或意大利的阴谋论。
The U.S. administration of Donald Trump has referred to the coronavirus as "Chinese virus" or "Wuhan virus" saying that China's "censorship supercharged a virus that has now turned into a global pandemic", which has in turn been criticized by some critics as racism and "distract[ing] from his administration's failure to contain the disease".
美国总统唐纳德·特朗普曾将新型冠状病毒称为“中国病毒”或“武汉病毒”，称中国的“审查制度加剧了病毒传播，使其演变成了现在的全球大流行”，这反过来又被一些批评人士认为是一种种族歧视，并“转移了人们对其政府未能遏制住该病毒的关注”。
The Daily Beast obtained a U.S. government cable outlining a communications stratagem with apparent origins in the National Security Council, with the strategy being quoted as "Everything is about China.
《每日野兽》获得了美国政府的一份电报，该电报概述了一项明显由国家安全委员会发出的通信战略，该战略称“这一切都和中国脱不了干系。
We're being told to try and get this messaging out in any way possible, including press conferences and television appearances."Outlets such as Politico, Foreign Policy, and Bloomberg have claimed that China's efforts to send aid to virus-stricken countries is part of a propaganda push for global influence.
我们被告知以任何方式，包括新闻发布会和电视露面，尽可能将这一信息传播出去”。《政客》、《外交政策》和彭博社等媒体声称，中国向疫情国家提供援助是为了宣扬其全球影响力。
EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell warned that there is "a geo-political component including a struggle for influence through spinning and the 'politics of generosity'".
欧盟外交政策负责人 Josep Borrell 警告称，有一种“地缘政治因素包括通过斡旋和“慷慨政治”来争夺影响力”。
Borrell also said that "China is aggressively pushing the message that, unlike the US, it is a responsible and reliable partner."
Borrel 还表示，“中国正在大力宣传其与美国不同，是一位负责任且可靠的伙伴。”
China has also called for the US to lift its sanctions off of Syria, Venezuela and Iran, while reportedly sending aid to the latter two countries.
中国还呼吁美国解除对叙利亚、委内瑞拉和伊朗的制裁，据称还向后两个国家提供了援助。
Jack Ma's donation of 100,000 masks to Cuba was blocked by US sanctions on 3 April.
4 月 3 日，马云向古巴捐赠的 10 万只口罩因美国制裁而受阻。
US authorities have also been accused of diverting aid meant for other nations to their own country.
美国当局还被指控将发往其他国家的援助转移到了本国。