atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
As of March 12, more than 370 million children and youth are not attending school because of temporary or indefinite country wide school closures mandated by governments in an attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19.
ካብ ማርች 12 ጀሚሩ፣ ካብ 370 ሚልዮን ላዕሊ ዝኹኑ ቆልዑ ን መናእሰያትን ብሰንኪ መንግስታት ን COVID-19 ምዝማት ንምቕናስ ብዝብል ቤት ትምህርቲታት ኣብ መላእ ሃገር ብግዜያዊነት ወይድማ ቀጻሊ ብዝኾን ምዕጻው ምኽኒያት ትምህርቲ ይከታተሉ ኣይለዉን።
As of 29 March, nearly 90% of the world's learners were impacted by closures.Even when school closures are temporary, it carries high social and economic costs.
ካብ ማርች 29 ጀሚሩ፣ ከባቢ 90% ዝኾኑ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝርከቡ ተምሃሮ ዝተኻየዱ ምዕጻዋት ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩሎም ኣሎ። እቶም ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲ ምዕጻዋት ጊዜያዊ እኳ እንትኾኑ ዘሕድሩዎ ማሕበራዊን ቀጠባዊን ጸቕጢ ዓብዪ እዩ።
The disruptions they cause affect people across communities, but their impact is more severe for disadvantaged children and their families including interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems and consequent economic cost to families who cannot work.
እቲ ዘኸተልዎ ምምዝባላት ኣብ ማሕበረ ሰባት ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ እዩ፣ እንተኾነ እቲ ናቶም ጽልዋ ኣብ ህጻውንትን ኣብ ስድራቤቶምን ኣዝዩ ልዑል እዩ ነይሩ፣ እዚ ነቶም ክሰርሑ ዘይክእሉ ስድራቤታት ናይ ምምሃር ምቁራጽ፣ ዘይተማልአ ኣመጋግባ፣ ናይ ክንክን ህጻናት ጸገማት ከምኡ እውን ተኸታታሊ ናይ ቁጠባ ቅልውላው ዘጠቓልል እዩ።
Working parents are more likely to miss work when schools close in order to take care of their children, incurring wage loss in many instances and negatively impacting productivity.
ስራሕ ዝሰርሑ ወለዲ ብሰንኪ ምዕጻው ቤት ትምህርቲ ን ደቆም ክንከባኸቡ ክብሉ ካብ ስራሕ ናይ ምትራፍ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎም፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ኣታዊን ኣፍራይነትን ኣሉታዊ ጽልዋ ዘሕድር እዩ።
Localised school closures place burdens on schools as parents and officials redirect children to schools that are open.
ስድራቤታትን ሓለፍትን ንደቆም ኣብ ዘይተዓጽዋ ትምህርትታት የመዝግብዎም ኣለዉ። ብሰንኪ’ዚ ኸፊላዊ ምዕጻው ትምህርትታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ቤት-ትምህርትታት ሸኸም ኣውሪዱ።
Women often represent a large share of health-care workers and often cannot attend work because of childcare obligations that result from school closures.
ዝበዝሐ ኣዋን ደቀንስትዮ ዝዓበየ ክፋል ሰራሕተኛታት ሕክምና ይውክላ። ብምኽንያት ምዕጻው ትምህርትታት ክንክን ደቀን ከጸግመን ስል ዝኽእል ከኣ ካብ ስራሕ ከብኩራ ይግደዳ።
This means that many medical professionals are not at the facilities where they are most needed during a health crisis.
እዚ ማለት ከኣ ብዙሓት ሰራሕተኛታት ሕክምና ኣብቲ ቀንዲ ዝድለዩሉ ግዜ ማለት ኣብ ግዜ ጥዕናዊ ቅልውላው ኣብ ሕክምናታት የለዉን ማለት’ዩ።
Lack of access to technology or fast, reliable internet access can prevent students in rural areas and from disadvantaged families.
ሕጽረት ናይ ቴክኖሎጂ ወይ ድማ ፈጣን፣ ዘተኣማምን ናይ ኢንተርኔት ኣገልግሎት፣ ኣብቶም ኣብ ገጠር ዝርከቡ ተማሃሮን እቶም ዝተጎድኡ ስድራቤታትን ክኽልክል ይኽእል።
Lack of access to technology or good internet connectivity is an obstacle to continued learning, especially for students from disadvantaged families.
ቴክኖሎጂ ወይ’ውን ስሉጥ ኢንተርኔት ዘይምርካብ ሓደ ዕንቅፋት ናይ ቀጻልነት ትምህርቲ እዩ፡ብፍላይ ድማ ነቶም ካብ ውጹኣት ስድራቤት ዝመጹ ተመሃሮ።
In response to school closures caused by COVID-19, UNESCO recommends the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.To aid in slowing the transmission of COVID-19, hundreds of libraries have temporarily closed.
ብ COVID-19 ስዒቡ ብዝተወሃበ መልሲ ዝተበገሱ ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታ ምዕጻዋት ስዒቡ UNESCO ናይ ርሐቐት ትምህርቲ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንኽውዕልን ቤት ትምህርቲታትን መማህራንን ን ተምሃሮ ንምምሃር ክጥቀሙሎም ዝኸእሉ መተግበሪታትን ፕላትፎርማትን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንኽውዕሉ ምኽሪ ሂቡ። ናይ COVID-19 ዝርጋሐ ኣብ ምዝሕሓል፣ ብ ኣማኢት ዝቑጸሩ ላይብረሪታት ተዓጽዮም እዮም።
In the United States, numerous major cities announced public library closures, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and New York City, affecting 221 libraries.
ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ፣ ን ሎስ ኣንጀለስ፣ ሳን ፍራንሲስኮ፣ ሲኣትል ን ኒውዮርክ ሲቲን ሓዊሱ፣ብዙሓት ዋና ኸተማታት ናይ ህዝባዊ ላይብረሪታት ከዕጸዉ ኣዊጀን እየን፣ እዚ ድማ 221 ላይብረሪታት ዝጸለወ እዩ።
For students without internet at home, this increases the difficulty of keeping up with distance learning.
ኢንተርነት ኣብ ገዛ ዘይብሎም ተምሃሮ ብርሕቀት ትምህርቶም ንምቅጻል የኽብደሎም ኣሎ።
School closures puts a strain on parents and guardians to provide childcare and manage distance learning while children are out of school.
ናይ ቤት ትምህቲታት ምዕጻው ኣብ ወለዲ ን ሓብሓብቲን እቶም ቆልዑ ካብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ወጻኢ ኣብ ዝኾኑሉ ሰዓት ነቲ ናይ ርሕቕት ትምህርቲ ብ ኣግባቡ ኣብ ምክያድን ነቶም ህጻናት ድማ ኣብ ምሕብሓብ ወጥሪ ክፈጥር ይኽእል እዩ ።
In the absence of alternative options, working parents often leave children alone when schools close and this can lead to risky behaviours, including increased influence of peer pressure and substance abuse.
ካልእ ኣማራጺ ኣብዘይህልወሉ እዋን፣ ስራሕ ዘለዎም ወለዲ መብዛሕትኡ ጊዜ ትምህርቲ ኣብ ዝተዓጸወሉ እዋን ንደቆም ንበይኖም ገዲፎምዎም ይኸዱ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣስጋኢ ጸባይ ንኽህልዎም ይገብሮም፣ ከም ናይ ብጻይ ጸቕጥን ጎዳኢ ሓሽሻት ምጥቃምን ዝኣመሰሉ ዘጠቓልለዩ።
Many children worldwide rely on free or discounted meals at schools.
ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝርከቡ ብዙሓት ቆልዑ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ዝወሃቡ ናጻ ውይድማ ብ ትሑት ዋጋ ኣብ ዝቐርቡ ናይ ምግብና መደባት ዝሙርኮሱ እዮም።
When schools close, nutrition is compromised.Nutrition plays a critical role in cognitive development and academic performance for children.In Washington State, around 45% of the states 1.1 million students enrolled in traditional public and charter schools qualify for subsidised school meals.
ምስ ምዕጻዋት ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ ኣመጋግባ ኣብ ሓደጋ ይኣቱ። ኣመጋግባ ኣብ ምዕባለ ኣእምሮን ትምህርታዊ ንጥፈትነት ህጻናት ኣገዳሲ ተራ ይጻወት። ኣብ ዋሺንግተን ስቴት፡ኣስታት 45% ካብ 1.1ሚልዮን ኣብ መንግስታዊ ቤት-ትምህርትታት ዝተመዝገቡ ተምሃሮኡ ብቤት-ትምህርቲ ዝተዋጽአ መግቢ ክካፈሉ ዝበቕዑ’ዮም።
At least 520,000 students and their families may be affected by food insecurity as a result of school closures.School lunch programmes are the second-biggest anti-hunger initiative in the United States after food stamps.
ብ ስንኪ ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ምዕጻው 520000 ተምሃሮን ስድራቤቶምን ናይ ምግቢ ሕጽረት ከጋጥሞም ይኽእል እዩ። ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ናይ ምሳሕ መዳባት ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስቲታት ኣሜሪካ ካብ ናይ ምግቢ ስታምፕ ቀጺሉ እቲ ካልኣይ ጸረ-ጥምየት መደብ እዩ።
Every year, nearly 30 million children rely on schools to provide free or low-cost meals including breakfast, lunch, snacks, and even dinner.In Alabama, where state-wide school closures as of 18 March have affected over 720,000 students, the state Superintendent announced that staff in schools disproportionately affected by poverty would create meal distribution networks to provide food for students who rely on school lunches.
በቢዓመቱ፣ ካባቢ 30 ሚልዮን ዝኾኑ ቆልዑ ቁርሲ፣ምሳሕ፣ ስናክን ድራርን ዘጠቓላለ ናጻ ወይድማ ናይ ትሑት ዋጋ ምግቢ ንምርካብ ኣብ ቤት ትምህሪቲታት ዝምርኮሱ እዮም። ኣብ ኣላባማ፣ ኣብ መላእ ሀገራት ዝተትግበሩ ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታት እስካብ ማርች 18 ዘሎ ካባቢ 720,000 ዝኾኑ ተምሃሮ ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሮም እዮም፡ ናይ እቲ ስቴት ሓላፊ ነቶም ብ ድኽነት ዝተጎድኡን ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዝምርኮሱን ተምሃሮ ናይ ምግቢ ምብጻሕ መዳባት ከምዘበግሱ ኣፍሊጦም።
School closures negatively impact student learning outcomes.
ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ምዕጻው ኣብ ናይ ተምሃሮ ናይ ምምሃር ውጽኢት ኣሉታዊ ጽልዋ ዘሕድር እዩ።
Schooling provides essential learning and when schools close, children and youth are deprived opportunities for growth and development.
ቤት ትምህርቲ መሰረታዊ ትምህርቲ ዝቐርበሉ እዩ፣ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ኣብ ዝዕጸዉሉ ሰዓት ህጻናትን መንእሰያትን ካብ ናይ ዕብየትን ምዕባለን ዕድላት ይጉነፉ ኣለዉ ማለት እዩ።
The disadvantages are disproportionate for under-privileged learners who tend to have fewer educational opportunities beyond school.Student drop-out rates tend to increase as an effect of school closures due to the challenge of ensuring all students return to school once school closures ends.
ኣብ ልዕሊ ውጹዓት ተመሃሮ ዘሎ ሃስያታት ዘይተመጣጠነ’ዩ። ብሰንኪ ምዕጻው ቤት-ትምህርትታት ኩሎም ተመሃሮ ድሕሪ ምኽፋቶም ትምህርቶም ንምቅጻል ብድሆታት ክገጥሞም ስለዝክል፡ ቁጽሪ ትምህርቲ ዘቋርጹ ተመሃሮ እናበዝሐ’ዩ ዝመጽእ።
This is especially true of protracted closures.Schools are hubs of social activity and human interaction.
እዚ ኣብ ግዜ ዝተናውሐ ዕጻዋ ፍሉይ ሓቅነት ኣለዎ። እዚ ድማ ቤት-ትምህርትታት ማእከል ናይ ማሕበራዊ ንጥፈታትን ሰብኣዊ ርክባትን ስለዝኾና’ዩ።
When schools are closed, many children and youth miss out of on social contact that is essential to learning and development.When schools close parents are often asked to facilitate the learning of children at home and can struggle to perform this task.
ቤት ትምህሪቲታት ኣብ ዝዕጸዉሉ እዋን፡ ብዙሓት ቆልዑ ን መናእሰያትን ካበቲ ንምምሃርን ንዕብየትን ኣገዳሲ ዝኾነ ማሕበራዊ ርክባት ይርሕቑ። ቤት ትምህሪቲታት ኣብ ዝዕጸዉሉ እዋን፡ ወለዲ ነቲ ኣብ ገዛ ዝካየድ ናይ ቆልዑ ምምሃር ተግባር ንክዋጽኡ ዝሕተቱ ብምዃኖም ንሳቶም ድማ እዚ ንምፍጻም ይጽዕሩ ን ይጽገሙን።
This is especially true for parents with limited education and resources.
እዚ ብፍላይ ውሱን ዝኾነ ናይ ትምህርትን ሃብትታትን ንዘለዎም ወለዲ ሓቂ እዩ።
Potential impacts of school closures and reliance on distance learning are not addressed in federal acts of legislation at this time.
ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲ ምዕጻው ከብጽሖ ዝኽእል ጽልዋ፣ ከምኡ ውን ኣብ ናይ ርሕቀት ትምህርቲ ምትእምማን ዝብሉ ጉዳያት ኣብ እዚ ሕጂ እዋን ኣብ እቲ ናይ ፌደራል ሕጊ ምውጻእ መግለጺ ኣይተዋህቦምን።
Formal education — as opposed to informal education or non-formal education — tends to refer to schools, colleges, universities and training institutions.
ስሩዕ ትምህርቲ ምስ ዘይስሩዕ ትምህርቲ ክነጻጸር ከሎ ተምሃሮኡ ናብ ላዕለዋይ ትካላት ትምህርትን ኮሌጃትን ዩንቨርሲታትን ናይ ምስግጋር ዝያዳ ዕድላት ይሕብ።
A 1974 report by the World Bank defined formal education as the following:Formal education: the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded ‘education system’, running from primary school through the university and including, in addition to general academic studies, a variety of specialised programmes and institutions for full-time technical and professional training.The majority of data collected on the number of students and learners impacted by COVID-19 has been calculated based on the closure of formal education systems.
ናይ 1974 ናይ ዓለም ባንኪ ጸብጻብ ስሩዕ ትምህርቲ ክምዚ ዝስዕብ ገይሩ ይገልጾ፡ ቅደም ሰዓቡ ዝሓለወ መሓውር፣ ብ ጊዜ ቅደም ሰዓብ ዝተሰርዐ "ስርዓት ትምህርቲ"፣ካብ መባእታዊ ቤት ትምህርቲ ጀሚሩ እስካብ ዩኒቨርሲቲን ፣ ካብ ኣጠቓላሊ ትምህርቲታት ሓዊሱ ካልኦት ዝተፈላለዩ ስፔሻላይዝ ዝግበሩ መድባትን ናይ ሙሉእ ግዜ ቴክኒካዊን ሞያዊን ምምሃሪ ትካላት ዘጠቓልል እዩ። እቲ ብ ሰንኪ COVID-19 ጽልዋ ዝተጸለዉ ትምሃሮን መምህራንን ኣመልኪቱ ዝተኣከበ ኣብዝሓ ዳታ ናይ ብመሰረት ናይ ስሩዕ ትምህርቲ ምዕጻው እዩ ተሰሪሑ።
The UNESCO Institute for Statistics provides figures on students impacted by COVID-19 corresponding to the number of learners enrolled at pre-primary, primary, lower-secondary, and upper-secondary levels of education [ISCED levels 0 to 3], as well as at tertiary education levels [ISCED levels 5 to 8].
UNESCO ትካል ስታትስቲክስ ብዛዕባ ብ COVID-19 ዝተጸልዉ ተምሃሮ ምስ ኣብ ቅድሚ መባእታዊ፣መባእታዊ ፣ ታሕተዋይ ካልኣይ ደረጃ፣ ላዕለዋይ ካልኣይ ደረጃ[ISCED ደረጃ 0 ክሳብ 3]፣ ክምኡውን ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ናይ ትምህርቲ ደረጃታት[ISCED ደረጃ 5 ክሳብ 8] ዝተሓሓዙ ቁጽሪታት ዘቕርቡ እዮም።
Early childhood educational programmes are usually designed for children below the age of 3 and may refer to preschools, nursery schools, kindergartens, and some day care programmes.
ናይ ህጻናት ትምህርቲ መደባት ብፍላይ ንትሕቲ 3 ዝዕድሚኦም ህጻናት ዘገልግሉ ኮይኖም መዋእለ ህጻናት፡ ደይ ኬርን ካልኦትን የጠቓልሉ።
While many primary and secondary schools have closed around the world due to COVID-19, measures impacting early childhood educational programmes have varied.
ዋላኳ ብሰንኪ COVID-19 ብዙሓት መባእታዊን ካልኣይ ደረጃን ቤት ትምህርቲታት ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ተዓጽዮም ዝርከቡ እንትኾኑ፣ ኣብ ናይ ህጻናት ናይ ትምህርቲ መደባት ዝጸልዉ ስጉምቲታት ዝተፈላለዩ እዮም።
In some countries and territories, preschools and day cares are considered necessary services and have not closed in tandem with broader school closure measures.In the United States, the Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families encouraged child care and early learning centres to stay open.
ኣብ ገለ ሃገራትን ግዝኣታትን መዋእለ ህጻናት ከም ኣገደስቲ ትካላት ስለዝሕሰባ ከም ካልኦት ቤት-ትምህርታት ከይተዓጸዋ ጸኒሐን። ኣብ ሕብረት መንግስታት ናይ ዋሺንግተን ስቴት ክፍሊ ህጻናት፡መንእሰያትን ስድራቤታትን፡ መዋእለ ህጻናት ተኸፊተን ንኽጸንሓ ኣተባቢኡ።
Some school districts may offer alternative child care options, prioritising the children of first responders and healthcare workers.
ገሊአን ቤት-ትምህርታት ንሰራሕተኛታት ሕክምናን ህጹጽ ረድኤትን ቀዳምነት ብምሃብ ንናይ ህጻናት መዕቆቢ ካልኦት ኣማራጺታት ከተኣታትዋ ይኽእላ’የን።
The governor of Maryland mandated that specific child care services remain open for the children of emergency personnel while Washington State and California have left it to the discretion of care providers.
ጋቨርነር ናይ ሜሪላንድ መዋእለ ህጻናት ንደቂ ህጹጽ ሰራሕተኛታት ክፉት ክኾና ኣዊጁ። ዋሺንግተን ስቴትን ካሊፎርንያን ከኣ እዚ ውሳነ ንአን ይምልከት ኢለን።
California Governor Gavin Newsom explained his state's position, saying “We need our child care facilities, our daycare centers, to operate to absorb the impact of these school closures.”
ጋቨርነር ካሊፎርንያ ጋቨን ኒውሰም መርገጺ ናይታ ሃገር “መዋእለ ህጻናት ብሰንኪ ምዕጻው ቤት-ትምርትታት ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ሸኸም ንምቅባል ድልዋት ክኾና ንደልየን ኣለን” ክብል ተዛሪቡ።
Colorado has encouraged the development of "tool kits" for parents to use at home to emulate the lessons children would have received in their early learning programmes.In Japan, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe closed all schools throughout the country until April 8, however, children's daycare facilities were excluded. 
ኮሎራዶ ወለዲ ቆልዑ ኣብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ክመሃሩዎ ዝኽ እሉዎ ዝነበሩ ነግራት ኣብ ገዛ ንኽፍጥሩ ዘኽእሉ ናይ "ቱል ኪት" ምምዕባላት ድጋፍ ሂባ ኣላ። ናይ ጃፓን ቀዳማይ ሚኒስተር ሺንዞ ኣቤ ኣብታ ሃገር ዝርከባ ኩለን ቤት ትምህርቲታት እስካብ ኣፕሪል 8 ንኸዕጸዉ እንትእዝዙ ናይ ቆልዑ መጽንሒ ግን ኣብቲ እገዳ ኣየጠቓለሉዎን።
In early March, five adults associated with a nursing facility for preschool children in Kobe tested positive for coronavirus.
ኣብ ምጅማር ወርሒ ማርች፡ ሓሙሽተ ምስ ናይ ኣብ ኮቤ ዝረከብ ናይ ህጻናት መውዓሊ ነርስ ማእኸላት ዝተሓሓዙ ናይ ኮረና ቫይረስ ተረኺቡዎም እዩ።
After testing over one hundred children at the facility, a preschool student was found to be carrying the virus.
ሚቲ ህጻናት ድሕሪ ምምርማር፡ ሓደ ተመሃራይ መዋእለ ህጻናት ተሸካሚ ናይቲ ቫይረስ ኮይኑ ጸኒሑ።
Primary or elementary education typically consists of the first four to seven years of formal education.
መባእታዊ ወይ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ብሓፈሻ ነቶም ፈላሞት ካብ ኣርባዕተ ክሳብ ሸውዓተ ዓመታት ዝለዉ ስሩዓት ትምህርቲታት ዘካተተ እዩ።
The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) canceled the examinations for its Diploma Programme and Career-related Programme candidates scheduled between 30 April and 22 May 2020, reportedly affecting more than 200,000 students worldwide.
እቲ ዓለምለኸ ናይ ባችለር ውድብ(IBO) ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ኣፕሪል 30 ሜይ 22 2020 መደብ ዝተትሓዘሉ ናይ ዲፕሎማ ፕሮግራምን ስራሕን-ዝምልከት ፕሮግራም ፈተናታት ሰሪዝዎ፣ እዚ ኣብ ዓለም ኣብ ዝርከቡ 200,000 ተማሃሮ ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ እዩ።
The IBO stated that it would award candidates their diplomas or certificates based on "their coursework" and "the established assessment expertise, rigor, and quality control already built into the programme." 
IBO ሕጹያት ተመረቕቲ ብመስረት "ናይ ኮርስ ስራሕቶም" ን "ኣብቲ መድብ ኣቐዲሞም ዝተምሰረቱ ናይ ሞያዊ ግምገማ፣ ከቢድን፣ ናይ ጽርየት ቁጽጽርን "መሰረት ብምግባር ዲፕሎማ ውይድማ ሰርቲፊኬት ክምዝህብ ገሊጹ።
Tertiary education, also known as higher education, refers to the non-compulsory educational levels that follow completion of secondary school or high school.
ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ፣ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ተባሂሉ እውን ዝጽዋዕ፣ ናይ ግዴታ-ዘይኮኑ ናይ ትምህርቲ ደረጃታት ኮይኖም ናይ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ወይ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ምፍጻም ዝገልጹ እዮም።
Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training.
ላዕለዋይ ትምህርቲ ቅድመ-ምረቓን ድሕረ-ምረቓን ከምኡ’ውን ሞያዊ ስልጠናን ትምህርትን ዘጠቃለለ’ዩ።
Individuals who complete tertiary education generally receive certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ዝወድኡ ብ ኣጠቓላሊ ሰርቲፊኬታት፣ ዲፕሎማታትን ወይድማ ትምህርታዊ ዲግሪታት ይቕበሉ።
Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and prior to post-graduate education, for which the learner is typically awarded a bachelor's degree.
ናይ ቅድመ ምረቓ ትምህርቲ ማለት ካብ ካልኣይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ ቀጺሉ ቅድሚ ድሕረ ምረቓ ዝካየድ ትምህርቲ ኮይኑ እቲ ተምሃራይ ድሕሪ ትምህርቱ ምውዳኡ ናይ ባችለር ዲግሪ ዝዋሃበሉ እዩ።
Students enrolled in higher education programmes at colleges, universities, and community colleges are often refereed to in countries such as United States as "college students."The closure of colleges and universities has widespread implications for students, faculty, administrators, and the institutions themselves. 
ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ደረጃ ትምህርቲ መደባት፣ ኮሌጃት፣ ዩኒቨርሲታት፣ ከምኡውን ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ኮሌጃት ዝተመዝገቡ ተማሃሮ ኣብ መብዛሕትኦም ሃገራት ከም አሜሪካ ዝኣመሰሉ "ናይ ኮሌጅ ተማሃሮ" ተባሂሎም ይጽውዑ። ናይ ኮሌጃትን ናይ ዩኒቨርሲታትን ምዕጻው ንተማሃሮ፣ መሳለጢ፣ ምምሕዳራት፣ ከምኡውን ትካላት ንባዕለን ሰፊሕ ዝኾነ ጽልዋ ኣሕዲሩ ይርከብ።
Colleges and universities across the United States have been called upon to issue refunds to students for the cost of tuition and room and board.
ኣብ መላእ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ዝርከባ ኮሌጃትን ዩኒቨርስቲታትን ንተምሃሮ ናይ ትምህርቲ ክፍሊት ናይ መደቀሲ ክፍሊ ክፍሊታትን ተመላሲ ንኸገብሩ ጻውዒት ቀሪቡ።
In the United States of America, Colleges and universities operate as "mini-cities" which generate significant revenue for cities, states, and regions. 
ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ፣ ብዘመጩዋኦ ኣታዊ ኮሌጃት ን ዩኒቨርሲቲታት ን ልከዕ ክም "ኣንእሽተይ ከተማታት" እየን ዝስርሓ፣ ን ከተማታት፣ ስቴታትን ክልላትን ር ኡይ ኣታዊ ዘርክባ ድማ እየን።
For example, Princeton University contributed $1.58 billion USD to the New Jersey economy and students spent about $60 million in off-campus spending.
ንምሳሌ፣ ናይ ፕሪንስቶን ዩኒቨርስቲ $1.58 ቢልዮን USD ናይ ኒው ጀርሲ ኢኮኖሚ ኣበርክቶ ገይሩ ተምሃሮ ድማ ካብ ካምፓስ ወጻኢ ክባቢ $60 ሚልዮን ወጻኢ ገይሮም ኦዮም።
College and university closures have a domino effect on economies with far-reaching implications.According to Linda Bilmes of the Harvard Kennedy School, "local hotels, restaurants, cafes, shops, car rental agencies and other local businesses obtain a significant share of annual revenue from graduation week and college reunions... 
rchኮሌጃትን ዩኒቨርሲታትን ብምዕጻዎም ኣብ ቁጠባ ከቢድ ጽልዋ ኣለዎ። ሊንዳ ቢልምስ ካብ ሃርቫርድ ኬኔዲ ስኩል ብዝበለቶ፡”ሆቴላት፡ ቤት-መግብን ሻሂን፡ ድኳናት፡ መኪና ዘካርዩ ትካላትን ካልኦት ቢዝነሳትን ዝበዝሐ ክፋል ናይ ዓመታዊ እቶቶም ካብ መመረቅታትን ኣኼባታት ኮልጃትን ስለዝኾነ...
these communities will suffer a lot of economic damage if the colleges remain closed at that time."Small towns which rely on college students to support the local economy and provide labour to local businesses are especially impacted by school closures and the exodus of students from campus. 
እዞም ማሕበረሰባት እዚኦም እንድሕር ደኣ እቶም ኮሌጃት ኣብቲ እዋን እቲ ዝዕጸዉ ኮይኖም ብዙሕ ኢኮኖሚያዊ ጉድኣት ከተኣናግዱ ይኽእሉ እዮም። "ኣናእሽተይ ከተማታት" ናይ ካባቢአን ቁጠባ ንምድጋፍን ን ነተን ናይ እቲ ከባቢ ናይ ቢዝነስ ትካላት ናይ ጉልበት ሰራሕተኛታት ንምቕራብን ኣብ ናይ ኮሌጅ ተምሃሮ ዝድረኻ ሰለዝኮና እዚአን ካብቶም ብ ናይ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ምዕጻውን ናይ ተምሃሮ ነቲ ካባቢ ገዲፎም ምኻድን ብፍላይ ኣዝየን ካብ ዝህሰያ እየን።
In Ithaca, New York, Cornell University students spent at least $4 million a week in Tompkins county.
ኣብ ኢታካ፣ ኒው ዮርክ፣ ናይ ኮርነል ዩኒቨርስቲ ተምሃሮ ኣብ ውሺጢ ሓደ ሰሙን ብውሑዱ $4 ሚልዮን ኣብ ቶምፕኪንስ ካውንቲ ወጻኢ ገይሮም እዮም።
In the wake of Cornell's decision to keep students home following spring break and transition to virtual instruction, the Mayor of Ithaca called for "immediate and forceful federal action — we will see a horrific economic impact as a result of Cornell University closing." 
ናይ ኮርኔል ተምሃሮ ድሕሪ ናይ ስፕሪንግ ዕረፍቲ ኣብ ገዛኦም ንክጸንሑ ብምግባር ናብ ቨርቹዋል መምርሒታት ምውሳኑ ስዒቡ ፡ናይ ኢታክ ክንቲባን "ህጹጽን ኣገዳድን ናይ ፌደራል መንግስቲ ስጉምቲን-ብ ሰንኪ ናይ ኮርኔል ዩኒቨርስቲ ምዕጻው ኣዝዩ ሕማቕ ቁጠባዊ ጽልዋ ክንርኢ ኢና" ብምባል ጻውዒቶም ኣቕሪቦም።
UNESCO is sharing 10 recommendations during this period:
ኣብዚ ግዜ ዝጠቅሙ 10 ምኽርትታት ብUNESCO ተዘርጊሑ፡
Examine the readiness and choose the most relevant tools: Decide on the use high-technology and low-technology solutions based on the reliability of local power supplies, internet connectivity, and digital skills of teachers and students.
ድልውነቱ ብምግምጋም ኣዝዮም ዝተሓሓዙ መሳርሒታት ተጠቐም፡ ኣብ እቲ ከባቢ ዘሎ ናይ ሓይሊ ኣቕርቦት ኣተኣማማኒነት፣ ናይ ኢንተርኔት ርክብ ፍጥነት፣ ናይ ተምሃሮን ናይ መማህራንን ናይ ዲጂታል ክእለት ዝተደረኸ ትሑት ቴክኖሎጂ ወይድማ ላዕለዋይ ቴክኖሎጂ ኣማራጺታት ንምጥቃም ወሳነ ግበር።
This could range through integrated digital learning platforms, video lessons, MOOCs, to broadcasting through radios and TVs.
እዚ ምስ ዲጂታላዊ መምሃሪ ፕላትፎርማት፣ ናይ ቪድዮ ትምህርቲታት፣ MOOCs ፣ብ መንገዲ ራድዮ ን ቲቪን ዘጠቓልል እዩ።
Ensure inclusion of the distance learning programmes: Implement measures to ensure that students including those with disabilities or from low-income backgrounds have access to distance learning programmes, if only a limited number of them have access to digital devices.
ናይ ርሕቀት ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራም ንኩሉ ዘጠቓለለ ምዃኑ ምርግጋጽ፡ ተምሃሮ፡ ስንክልና ዘለዎምን ካብ ትሑት መነባብሮ ዝመጹን ብምጥቕላል፡ ናይ ርሕቐት ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራም ብቀሊሉ ክረኽቡን ክጥቀሙን ዘኽእሉ ስጉምትታት ምትግባር፡ ዋላ’ውን ኮምፒተር ክረኽቡ ዝኽእሉ ውሱናት እንትኾኑ ።
Consider temporarily decentralising such devices from computer labs to families and support them with internet connectivity.
ከምዚኦም ዝኣመሰሉ ናይ ኮምፒውተር ላብራቶሪ መሳርሒታት ብግዜያዊነት ናብ መንጎ ስድራቤታት ብምብታን ከምኡ እውን ብናይ ኢንተርኔት መራኸቢ ሓገዝ ንምግባር ሕሰቡ።
Protect data privacy and data security: Assess data security when uploading data or educational resources to web spaces, as well as when sharing them with other organisations or individuals.
ብሕታውነት ን ድሕንነት ናይ ዳታ ምሕላው፡ ዳታ ወይድማ ናይ ትምህርታዊ ናውቲታት ናብ ናይ ኢንተርኔት መርበብ ቦታት ኣብ እንጸዕነሉ ሰዓት ን ምስ ካልኦት ትካላት ወይድማ ውልቀሰባት ኣብ እነካፍለሉ ሰዓት ናይ ዳታ ድሕንነት ክንግምግም ኣለና።
Ensure that the use of applications and platforms does not violate students’ data privacy.
እቲ ናይ መተግበሪታትን ናይ ፕላትፎርም ኣጥቓቕማታትን ናይ ተምሃሮ ናይ ዳታ ፖሊሲ ዝጻረር ከይኸውን ኣረጋግጽ።
Prioritize solutions to address psychosocial challenges before teaching: Mobilize available tools to connect schools, parents, teachers, and students with each other.
ቅድሚ ትምህርቲ ንማሕበራውን ኣእምሮኣውን ዕንቕፋታት ቀዳምነት ምሃብ፡ ምስ ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ ስድራቤታት፡ መምሃራንን ትምሃሮን ንምርኻብ ዘለና ዓቕሚ ምጥቃም።
Create communities to ensure regular human interactions, enable social caring measures, and address possible psychosocial challenges that students may face when they are isolated.
ልሙድ ናይ ደቂ ሰባት ርክባት ንምርግጋጽ፣ ተምሃሮ ተነጺሎም ኣብዝጸንሑሉ ሰዓት ከጋጥሙዎም ዝኽእሉ ስነ-ኣዕምሮኣዊ ፈተናታት ኣብ ምፍታሕ ዝነጥፉ ማሕበረሰባት ምፍጣር።
Plan the study schedule of the distance learning programmes: Organise discussions with stakeholders to examine the possible duration of school closures and decide whether the distance learning programme should focus on teaching new knowledge or enhance students’ knowledge of prior lessons.
ናይ ርሑቀት ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራማት ናይ ምህሮ መደባት ምውጣን፥ ብዛዕባ ትምህርታት ተዓጽየን ክጸንሓሉ ዝኽእላ ግዜን፡ እቲ ናይ ርሑቀት ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራማት ሓድሽ ትምህርቲ ምምሃርዶ ዋላስ ነቲ ዝጸንሆም ክብ ኣብ ምባል ይሕይሽዶ ኣብ ዝብላ ጉዳያት፡ ምስ ዝምልከቶም ኣካላት ኣኼባታት ምስራዕ።
Plan the schedule depending on the situation of the affected zones, level of studies, needs of students needs, and availability of parents.
ኣብ ኩነታት ዝተጸልዉ ዞባታት፡ደረጃ ትምህርት፡ድሌት ተምሃሮን ናይ ስድራ ትርፍ-ግዜን ብምሙርኳስ መደባት ምስራዕ።
Choose the appropriate learning methodologies based on the status of school closures and home-based quarantines.
ኩነታት ናይ ቤት ትምህሪትታት ምዕጻውን ናይ ግዛ ኳራንታይናትን ተምስሪትካ ግቡኣት ዝኮኑ ናይ መምሃሪ መንገዲታት ምረጽ።
Avoid learning methodologies that require face-to-face communication.
ናይ ገጽ ንገጽ ርክብ ዝሓቱ ናይ ምምሃር መንገዲታት ካብ ምጥቃም ተዓቀብ።
Provide support to teachers and parents on the use of digital tools: Organise brief training or orientation sessions for teachers and parents as well, if monitoring and facilitation are needed.
ናይ ዲጂታል መሳርሒታት ኣጠቓቕማ ዝምልከት ንመምህራንን ወለድን ድጋፍ ምቕራብ፥ ቁጽጽርን ምስላጥ ኣድላይቲ ኣብ ዝኾኑሉ ድማ ፣ንመምህራንን ወለድን ዝኾኑ ሓጸርቲ ስልጠናታት ወይ ናይ መብርሂ ክፍለ-ጊዜታት ምድላው።
Help teachers to prepare the basic settings such as solutions to the use of internet data if they are required to provide live streaming of lessons.
መማህራን ብቐጥታ ናይ ቪድዮ ትምህርቲታት ክገብሩ እንተደኣ ሃሊዩዎም እቶም ክም ናይ ኢንትረኔት ዳታ ዝርኽቡሎም መፍትሒታት ዝበሉ መስረታውያን ምድላዋት ንኽገብሩ ሓገዝ ግበሩ።
Blend appropriate approaches and limit the number of applications and platforms: Blend tools or media that are available for most students, both for synchronous communication and lessons, and for asynchronous learning.
ውሕሉል መስርሒታት ምቅንባርን ብዝሒ ምዝገባን ምቁጽጻርን፥ ዝበዝሑ ተምሃሮ ብጉጅለ ንምዝርራብን ምጽናዕን ከምኡ’ውን ብውልቆም ንምጽናዕ ዝጠቕሞም ዝተፈላልዩ መሳርሒታትን መርበባትን ኣለዎም።
Avoid overloading students and parents by asking them to download and test too many applications or platforms.
ንተማሃሮን ወለድን ብዙሓት ዓይነት መተግበሪታትን ናይ መስርሕ መደባትን ካብ ኢንተርኔት ንኸውርዱ ብምሕታት ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ ክጨናነቑ ካብ ምግባር ተቖጠቡ።
Develop distance learning rules and monitor students’ learning process: Define the rules with parents and students on distance learning.
ርሕቐት ናይ ምሕላው ሕግታት ምምዕባልን ናይ ተምሃሮ ፍልጠት ምክትታልን፡ ምስ ስድራን ተምሃሮን ብምስራሕ ርሕቐት ናይ ምሕላው ሕግታት ምውጣን።
Design formative questions, tests, or exercises to monitor closely students’ learning process.
ሕቶታትን ፈተናታትን ብምድላው ናይ ተምሃሮ ኣፍልጦ ብቀረባ ክትከታተሎ የኽእል።
Try to use tools to support submission of students’ feedback and avoid overloading parents by requesting them to scan and send students’ feedback
ናይ ተመሃሮ ርእይቶ ንምእካብ ዝድግፉ መሳርሒታት ብምጥቃም፡ ርእይቶታት ቀዲሕካ ንምስዳድ ኣብቶም ስድራ ዝወርድ ጸቅጢ ንምውጋድ ፈትን።
Define the duration of distance learning units based on students’ self-regulation skills: Keep a coherent timing according to the level of the students’ self-regulation and metacognitive abilities especially for livestreaming classes.
ን ናይ ርሕቀት ትምህርቲ ምዕራፋት ብመሰረት ናይ ተምሃራይ ዓርሰ ምትዕርራይ ተክእሎታት ምግላጽ፣ ብመሰረት ናይ እቲ ተመሃራይ ናይ ዓርሰ ምትዕርራይን ናይ ሜታኮግኒቲቭ ደረጃን በተለይ ኣብ እዋን ናይ ቀጥታዊ ፈነወ ክፍለ ግዜታት፣ ዝተዋደደ ናይ ግዜ ኣጠቓቕማ ሓሊኻ ኺድ።
Preferably, the unit for primary school students should not be more than 20 minutes, and no longer than 40 minutes for secondary school students.
ንመባእታዊ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ዩኒት 20 ደቒቓ፣ ን ካልኣይ ደረጃ ቤት ትምህቲታት ድማ ካብ 40 ደቒቃ ንላዕሊ እንተዘይኸዉን ይምረጽ።
Create communities and enhance connection: Create communities of teachers, parents, and school managers to address sense of loneliness or helplessness, facilitate sharing of experience and discussion on coping strategies when facing learning difficulties.
ማሕበረስብ ምፍጣር ን ርክባት ምዝያድ ፡ ናይ መምህራን፡ ወለዲ ፡ናይ ቤት ትምህሪ ኣመራርሓታት፡ ማሕበረሰባት ብምፍጣር ናይ ጸምዋን ዝረድኣካ ምስኣን ስምዒታት ንምፍታሕ ን ናይ ተመኩሮ ምክፋላትን ምይይጣትን ብምስላጥ ናይ ምምህሃር ጸገማት ን ምፍትሕ ዘኽእሉ ስትራቲጂታት ምቕራጽ እዩ።
290 million students out of school due to COVID-19: UNESCO releases first global numbers and mobilizes response, UNESCO.
290 ሚልዮን ተምሃሮ ብሰንኪ ኮቪድ-19 ካብ ትምህርቲ ወጻኢ ኮይኖም፥ UNESCO ናይ ፈለማ ዓለምለኻዊ ቁጽርራት ዕላው ብምግባር ዝወሃቡ መልሲታት ድማ ኣተሓባቢሩ፣ UNESCO።
Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ሓደጋ ቁጽጽር ናይ ኮቪድ-19
Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 are the application of occupational safety and health methodologies for hazard controls to the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
ኣብ ስራሕ ቦታ ዝግበሩ ናይ COVID-19 ሓደጋታት ቁጽጽራት ማለት ንምክልኻል ሕማም ኮረና ቫይረስ 2019(COVID-19) ዘገልግሉ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ድሕንነታትን ን ናይ ሓደጋ ቁጽጽር መንገዲታት ምትግባር ማለት እዩ።
The proper hazard controls in the workplace depend on the worksite and job task, based on a risk assessment of sources of exposure, disease severity in the community, and risk factors of individual workers who may be vulnerable to contracting COVID-19.
ኣግባባዊ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ናይ ሓደጋ ቁጽጽራት ኣብቲ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታን ዓይነት ስራሕን፣ ብመሰረት ናይ ምቅላዕ ሓደጋ ምንጪ ምርመራ፣ ናይቲ ከባቢ ናይቲ ሕማም ከቢድነት፣ ከምኡውን ናይ ንኮቪድ-19 ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድሎም ሰፊሕ ዝኾኑ ሰባት ክቃልዑሎም ዝኽእሉ ምኽንያትን ዝተመርኮሰ እዩ።
According to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), lower exposure risk jobs have minimal occupational contact with the public and other coworkers, for which basic infection prevention measures are recommended, including hand washing, encouraging workers to stay home if they are sick, respiratory etiquette, and maintaining routine cleaning and disinfecting of the work environment.
ናይ U.S. ስራሕ ድሕንነትን ጥዕናን ምምሕዳር (OSHA) ብዝበሎ መሰረት፣ ትሑትናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድል ዘለዎም ስራሕቲ ምስቲ ህዝቢ ወይ መሳርሕቲ ትሑት ምንኽኻእ ዘለዎም ኮይኖም፣ መሰረታዊ ናይቲ ረኽሲ ምክልኻል ስጉምቲታት ዝውሰድዎ፣ ከም ኢድ ምሕጻብ፣ ሰራሕተኛታት ክሓሙ ከለዉ ኣብ ገዛ ክጸንሑ ምግባር፣ ናይ መተንፈሲ ስነ ስርዓት፣ በቢ ግዚኡ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ምጽራይን ዲስኢንፌክት ምግባርን ዘካተቱ እዮም።
Medium exposure risk jobs include those that require frequent or close contact with people who are not known or suspected with COVID-19, but may be infected due to ongoing community transmission or international travel.
ማእኸላይ ተቓላዕነት ሓደጋ ዘለዎም ስራሕቲ ምስ ብኮቪድ-19 ዝተጠርጠሩ ወይ ብዝተረጋገጸ ዝተተሓዙ ሰባት ብቐጥታ ብተደጋጋሚ ምንኽኻእ ክሰርሑ ዝገብሩ ስራሕቲ ዘካትቱ እዮም፣ በዚ ቀጻላይ ናይ ማሕበረ ሰባዊ ለበዳ ምኽንያት ወይ ናይ ዓለም ለኻዊ ምጉዕዓዝ ግን ክልከፉ ይኽእሉ።
This includes workers who have contact with the general public such as in schools, high-population-density work environments, and some high-volume retail settings.
እዚ ድማ ምስ ሓፈሻዊ ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ከም ቤት ትምህርቲታት፣ ልዑል ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ዝጽዕቖም ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታት፣ ከምኡውን ገለ ልዑል ብዝሒ ዘለዎም ናይ መሸጣ መሰንድኦታት ዝሰርሑ ሰራሕተኛታት እውን የካትት።
Hazard controls for this group, in addition to basic infection prevention measures, include ventilation using high-efficiency air filters, sneeze guards, and having personal protective equipment available in case a person with COVID-19 is encountered.
ናይ ሓደጋ ቁጽጽር ጉጅለ፣ ንናይ መሰረታዊ ናይዚ ረኽሲ ምክልኻል ስጉምቲታት ብተወሳኺ፣ ዝኾነ ሰብ ብኮቪድ-19 እንተታሒዙ ናይ ቬንትሌሽን ተጠቃሚነት ልዑል ናይ ኣየር መጻረይታት፣ ናይ ምህንጣስ መሸፈኒን ናይ ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲን ምጥቃም ይከኣል።
OSHA considers healthcare and mortuary workers exposed to known or suspected person with COVID-19 to be at high exposure risk, which increases to very high exposure risk if workers perform aerosol-generating procedures on, or collect or handle specimens from, known or suspected person with COVID-19.
OSHA ንዝተረጋገጸ ወይ ዝተጠርጠረ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙም ዝጋለጹ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክንን ናይ ቀብሪ ስነስርዓት ሰራሕተኛታትን ልዑል ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድል ከምዘለዎም ሓበሩ፣ እዞም ሰራሕተኛታት ናይ ኤሮሶል ዘምርቱ ምርመራታት ዘካይዱ እንተኾይኖም፣ ወይ ናይ ዝተረጋገጸ ወይ ዝተጠርጠረ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙም ናሙናታት ዝእክቡ እንተኾይኖም ድማ ተቓላዕነቶም ይውስኾ።
Hazard controls appropriate for these workers include engineering controls such as negative pressure ventilation rooms, and personal protective equipment appropriate to the job task.
ናይዞም ሰራሕተኛታት ናይ ሓደጋ ምቁጽጻር ከም ኣሉታዊ ጸቕጢ ቨንትሌሽን ክፍሊታት፣ ከምኡውን ነቲ ስራሕ ኣግባባዊ ዝኾነ ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲ ዝኣመሰሉ ዝሓዘ ናይ ምህንድስና ቁጽጽር እውን ዘካተተ እዩ።
COVID-19 outbreaks can have several effects within the workplace.
ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ኣብ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ብዙሕ ጽልዋታት ክህልዎ ይኽእል እዩ።
Workers may be absent from work due to becoming sick, needing to care for others, or from fear of possible exposure.
ሰራሕተኛታት ሓሚሞም፣ ንካልኦት ሰባት ክከናኸኑ ኢሎም፣ ወይ ንከይቃልዑ ፈሪሖም ካብ ስራሕ ክተርፉ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
Patterns of commerce may change, both in terms of what goods are demanded, and the means of acquiring these goods (such as shopping at off-peak hours or through delivery or drive-through services).
ናይ ንግዲ ከይዲታት ብክልተ መልክእ ክቕየሩ ይኽእሉ`ዮም፣ እንደልዮም ነገራት ዘሎ ኣቐርቦትን ነዞም እንደልዮም ነገራት ድማ እረኽበሉ መገዲን ብዝምልከት (ከም ኣብ ናይ ዘይተለመዱ ሰዓታት ምዕዳግ ወይ ኣብ መኪናኻ ኮይንካ ኣገልግሎት ምርካብ)።
Lastly, shipments of items from geographic areas severely affected by COVID-19 may be interrupted.An infectious disease preparedness and response plan can be used to guide protective actions.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፣ ካብ ብኮቪድ-19 ብኸቢዱ ዝተጎድኣ ሃገራት ዝግበሩ መጎዓዓዘዝያታት ክቋረጹ ክግበር ይኽእል እዩ።ናይ ተላባዒ ሕማም ምድላዋትን ናይ ምላሽ ትልሚታትን ናይ ምክልኻል ተግባራት ንምክያድ ክሕግዙ ይኽእሉ።
Plans address the levels of risk associated with various worksites and job tasks, including sources of exposure, risk factors arising from home and community settings, and risk factors of individual workers such as old age or chronic medical conditions.
ውጥናት ን ምስ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታትን ዕዮታትን ዝተሓሓዝ መጠን ሓደጋ፡ ምንጭታት ተቓላዕነት ዘጠቓለለ፡ ምስ ገዛን ናይ ሕበረተሰብ ኣቀማምጣን ዝተተሓሓዙ ናይ ሓደጋ መበገሲታትን፡ ከምኡ’ውን ምስ ነፍስወከፍ ሰራሕተኛ ዝተሓሓዙ ናይ ሓደጋ መበገሲታትን ከምእርጋን ወይ ድማ ሕዱር ሕክምናዊ ጸገማት ኣብ ግምት ዘእተው እዮም።
They also outline controls necessary to address those risks, and contingency plans for situations that may arise as a result of outbreaks.
ኣብ እዋን ምልዓል ለበዳ ክፍጠሩ ንዝኽእሉ ኩነታት ንምቁጽጽር፡ ነቶም ናይ ሓደጋን ወዝባዊ ውጥናት ንምፍላጥ ዘኽእሉ ቁጽጽራት ኣቐሚጦም ኣለው።
Infectious disease preparedness and response plans may be subject to national or subnational recommendations.
ናይ ተላባዕቲ ሕማማት ድልውነትን ምላሽ ትልሚን ንናይ ብሄራውን ክፋል ብሄራውን ምኽሪታት ተገዛኢ እዩ።
Objectives for response to an outbreak include reducing transmission among staff, protecting people who are at higher risk for adverse health complications, maintaining business operations, and minimizing adverse effects on other entities in their supply chains.
ንለበዳ ምላሽ ናይ ምሃብ ዕላማታት ኣብ መንጎ ስታፍ ምልባዕ ምቕናስ፣ ንዝኸፈአ ጎድናዊ ናይ ጥዕና ሕልኽለኻት ተቓላዕቲ ዝኾኑ ሰባት ምክንኻን፣ ናይ ንግዲ ኦፕሬሽናት ምሕላው፣ ከምኡውን ኣብቲ ናይቲ ኣቕርቦት ሰንሰለት ዘለዉ ከጋጥሞም ዝኽእል ጎድናዊ ጽልዋታት ምቕናስ ዘካተተ እዩ።
The disease severity in the community where the business is located affects the responses taken.
እቲ ንግዲ ናይ ዝርከበሉ ቦታ ናይ ሕማም ከቢድነት ነቲ ዝውስድ ምላሽ ይጸልዎ።
The hierarchy of hazard controls is a framework widely used in occupational safety and health to group hazard controls by effectiveness.
መቆጻጸሪ ቅድመ-ተኸተል ሓደጋ መብዛሕቲኡ ጊዜ፡ ኣብ ውሕስነት ስራሓት ጥዕናን ዝተሓሓዝ ኮይኑ ክሳዕ ዕቱብ ናይ ጉጅለ ሓደጋታት መቆጻጸሪ ስርሓት ዘለዎ ባይታ እዩ።
Where COVID-19 hazards cannot be eliminated, the most effective controls are engineering controls, followed by administrative controls, and lastly personal protective equipment.
ናይ ኮቪድ -19 ሓደጋታት ክውገዱ ኣብ ዘይክእሉሉ፣ ብሉጻት ዝበሃሉ ቁጽጽራት ምህንድስናዊ ቁጽጽራት፣ ብምቅጻል ናይ ምምሕዳራዊ ቁጽጽራት፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲታት እዮም።
Engineering controls involve isolating employees from work-related hazards without relying on worker behavior, and can be the most cost-effective solution to implement.
ናይ ኢንጅነሪንግ ቁጽጽራት ኣብ ናይ ሰራሕተኛ ውልቃዊ ባህሪ ከይተደረኽካ ን ሰራሕተኛታት ካብቶም ምስ ስራሕ ዝተትሓዙ ሓደጋታት ምንጻል እንትኾን፡ ብደረጃ ዋጋ እቲ ኣዝዩ ዘዋጽእ ክትግበር ዝኽእል መፍትሒ እዩ።
Administrative controls are changes in work policy or procedures that require action by the worker or employer.
ምምሕዳራዊ ቁጽጽራት ኣብ ናይ ስራሕ ወይ ናይ ምህርቲ ዝግበሩ ናይ ፖሊሲ ለውጢታት ናይ ሰራሕተኛ ወይ ሓላፊ ስጉምቲ ዝደልዩ እዮም።
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is considered less effective than engineering and administrative controls, but can help prevent some exposures.
ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲ (PPE) ምስ ናይ ምህንድስናን ምምሕዳራዊን ቁጽጽራት ክነጻጸር ከሎ ትሑት እዩ፣ ገለ ምቅላዓት ግን ንምክልኻል ክጠቅም ይኽእል።
All types of PPE must be selected based upon the hazard to the worker, properly fitted as applicable (e.g., respirators), consistently and properly worn, regularly inspected, maintained, and replaced, as necessary, and properly removed, cleaned, and stored or disposed of to avoid contamination.
ኩሎም ዓይነታት ናይ ውልቀ መሐለዊ መሳርሒታት ንምምራጽ ብመሰረት ነቲ ሰራሕተኛ ክወርዶ ዝኽእል ሓደጋ፣ ብዝግባእ ዝገጥሙ ከከም ኣገባብራ(ንኣብነት፣ መሳርሒታት ምስትንፋስ), ብዘይምቁራጽ ብዝግባእ ዝግበር፣ ብስሩዕ ዝምርመር፣ ዝጽገን፣ ቅያር ዝግበረሉ፣ከም ኣድላይነቱ ብዝግባእ ክውገድ፣ ምልኽኻፍ ንምውጋድ ጽርየቱ ኣብ ዝሕለወሉ ዝዕቀብ ወይ ዝጎሓፍ ክኾኑ ኣለዎም።
According to the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), lower exposure risk jobs have minimal occupational contact with the public and other coworkers.
ብመሰረት ናይ U.S. ናይ ስራሕ ድሕንነትን ጥዕናን ምምሕዳር (OSHA)፣ ትሑት ናይ ተቓላዒነት ዕድል ዘለዎም ስራሕቲ ምስ ህዝቢን ምስ መሳርሕቲን ትሑት ናይ ምንኽኻእ ዕድል ዘለዎም እዮም።
Basic infection prevention measures recommended for all workplaces include frequent and thorough hand washing, encouraging workers to stay home if they are sick, respiratory etiquette including covering coughs and sneezes, providing tissues and trash receptacles, preparing for telecommuting or staggered shifts if needed, discouraging workers from using others' tools and equipment, and maintaining routine cleaning and disinfecting of the work environment.
ንኹሎም ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታት ዝምከር መሰረታዊ ናይ ረኽሲ ምክልኻል ስጉምቲታት ከም ብተደጋጋሚ ኢድ ብማይን ሳሙናን ምሕጻብ፡ ሰራሕተኛታት እንተ ሓሚሞም ኣብ ገዛ ንኽጸንሑ ምብርታዕ፡ ናይ ምስትንፋስኣካላት ሕግታት ከም ኣፍካ ሸፊንካ ምስዓልን ምህንጣስን ምኽባር፡ ሶፍትን ናይ ጎሓፍ መጠራቐሚን ምሃብ፡ ኣድላዪ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ናይ ቴሌኮም መራኸቢታት ወይ ድማ ናይ ሺፍት ስርዓት ምዝርጋሕ፡ ሰራሕተኛታት ናይ ካልኦት ሰባት ኣቑሑን መሳርሒታትን ንከይጥቀሙ ምግባር፡ ኣብቲ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ መዓልታዊ ጽሬት ምሕላውን ጸረ-ህዋስያን ምግባርን ምቕጻልን የጠቃልሉ።
Prompt identification and isolation of potentially infectious individuals is a critical step in protecting workers, customers, visitors, and others at a worksite.
ኣላባዕቲ ውልቀሰባት ብቅልጡፍ ምልላይን ምፍላይን ንሰራሕተኛታት፣ ዓማዊል፣ በጻሕቲን ካልኦት ኣብቲ ናይ ስራሕ ቦታ ዘለዉን ሰባት ካብቲ ሕማም ኣብ ምክልኻል ወሳኒ ስጉምቲ እዩ።
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that employees who have symptoms of acute respiratory illness are to stay home until they are free of fever, signs of a fever, and any other symptoms for at least 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing or other symptom-altering medicines, and that sick leave policies are flexible, permit employees to stay home to care for a sick family member, and that employees are aware of these policies.
ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ( U.S.) ማእኸል ቁጽጽር ሕማም ን ምክልኻልን( CDC) ከቢድ ናይ ኣካለ ምስትንፋስ ጸገም ዘለዎም ሰራሕተኛታት ፡ ክሳብ ን ኣስታት 24 ሰዓታት ካብ ረስኒ፣ ምልክታት ረስኒ፣ ካብ ዝኾኑ ዓይነት ምልክታት ን ብዘይ ዝኾነ ይኹን ናይ ረስኒ መቐነሲ መድሓኒት ወይድማ ምልክታት ዝቕንሱ መድሓኒታት ከይተጠቐሙ ነጻ ዝኾኑ ኣብ ገዛ ንኽጸንሑ ይላቦ፡ ካልእ ድማ፡ ናይ ሕማም ፍቓድ ፖሊሲታት ድማ ስራሕተኛታት ኣብ ገዛ ንዘሎ ኣባል ስድራ ቤት ንኸተሓምሙ ብዘኽእል መልክዑ ክተዓጻጸፉ እዮም፣ ሰራሕተኛታት ድማ ነዞም ፖሊሲታት ክፈልጡዎም ይግባእ።
According to OSHA, medium exposure risk jobs include those that require frequent or close contact within six feet (1.8 m) of people who are not known or suspected COVID-19 patients, but may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 due to ongoing community transmission around the business location, or because the individual has recent international travel to a location with widespread COVID-19 transmission.
ብመሰረት OSHA፣ ምእከላይ ተቓላዕነት ዕድል ዘለዎም ስራሕቲታት ምስ ዘይተፈለጡ ወይ ዝተጠርጠሩ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙማት፣ እሞ ግን ብ SARS-CoV-2 በቲ ኣብ ናይ ንግዲ ቦታታት ዘጋጥም ዘሎ ማሕበረ ሰባዊ ምልባዕ፣ ወይ ናብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሰፊሕ ምልባዕ ዘለዎም ሃገራት ብምጉዓዞም ዝተለኸፉ ክኾኑ ምስ ዝኽእሉ ሰባት ብተደጋጋሚ ወይ ብቐረባ ንኽክእ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሽድሽተ ጫማ (1.8 m) ርሕቐት ክኾኑ ዘገድድ ስራሕ ዘለዎም ሰባት እዮም።
These include workers who have contact with the general public such as in schools, high-population-density work environments, and some high-volume retail settings.Engineering controls for this and higher risk groups include installing high-efficiency air filters, increasing ventilation rates, installing physical barriers such as clear plastic sneeze guards, and installing a drive-through window for customer service.Administrative controls for this and higher risk groups include encouraging sick workers to stay at home, replacing face-to-face meetings with virtual communications, establishing staggered shifts, discontinuing nonessential travel to locations with ongoing COVID-19 outbreaks, developing emergency communications plans including a forum for answering workers’ concerns, providing workers with up-to-date education and training on COVID-19 risk factors and protective behaviors, training workers who need to use protecting clothing and equipment how to use it, providing resources and a work environment that promotes personal hygiene, requiring regular hand washing, limiting customers' and the public's access to the worksite, and posting signage about hand washing and other COVID-19 protective measures.Depending on the work task, workers with at least medium exposure risk may need to wear personal protective equipment including some combination of gloves, a gown, a face shield or face mask, or goggles.
እዚ ድማ ምስ ሓፈሻ ሀዝቢ ንኽክእ ዘለዎም ሰራሕተኛታት ዘካትት እዩ ንኣብነት ቤት ትምህርቲታት፣ ልዑል ብዝሒ ህዝቢ ጻዕቒ ዘለዎም ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታት፣ ገለ ልዑል ብዝሒ ናይ መሸጣ መሰንድኦ ዘለዎም ቦታታት እውን ዘካትት እዩ።ነዚን ካብዚ ዝልዕል ናይ ተቓላዒነት ኣጋጣሚ ዘለዎም ጉጅለታትን ናይ ምህንድስና ቁጽጽር ልዑል ብቕዓት ዘለዎም ናይ ኣየር መጻረዪታት ምግጣም፣ ናይ ቬንትሌሽን ሬት ምውሳኽ ኣካላዊ ገደባት ከም ንጹር ፕላስቲክ ናይ ምህንጣስ መከላኸሊ ምግጣምን፣ ንዓማዊል ድማ ኣብ መኪንኦም ኮይኖም ኣገልግሎት ዝረኽቡሌ መስኮት ምኽፋትን ዘካትት እዩ።ነዚን ካብዚ ዝልዕል ናይ ተቓላዒነት ኣጋጣሚ ዘለዎም ጉጅለታትን ምምሕዳራዊ ቁጽጽራት ድማ ዝሓመሙ ሰራሕተኛታት ኣብ ገዝኦም ክጸንሑ ምብርትታዕ፣ ብኣካል ዝግበሩ ኣኼባታት ብቨርችዋል ምቕያር፣ ዘይተለመዱ ሽፍቲታት ምፍጣር፣ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ብሰፊሑ ናብ ዘለወን ቦታታት ዝግበሩ ወሰንቲ ዘይኮኑ ጉዕዞታት ምቕናስ፣ ከም ናይ ሰራሕተናታት ጭንቀት መመለሲ ፎረም ዘካተተ ናይ ኢመርጀንሲ ርክባት ምምዕባል፣ ንሰራሕተኛታት ብዛዕባ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 መቃለዕቲን መከላኸሊ ባህርያትን ብዝምልከት ሓደሽቲ ዝኾኑ ትምህርቲታትን ስልጠናታትን ምሃብ፣ መከላኸሊ ክዳውንቲን መሳርሒታትን ክጥቀሙ ንዘለዎምሰራሕተኛታት ኣጠቓቕምኡ ምስልጣን፣ ውልቃዊ ንጽህና ዘበረታትዑ ሓገዛትን ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታትን ምፍጣር፣ ተደጋጋሚ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ምብርትታዕ፣ ናይ ዓማዊልን ብዝሒ ህዝቢን ናይ ስራሐ ቦታ ተጠቓሚነት ምግዳብ፣ ብዛዕባ ኢድ ምሕጻብን ካልኦት ናይ ኮቪድ -19 መከላኸሊ መገዲታትን ዘርእዩ ምልክታት ምልጣፍ ዝኣመሰሉ የካትት።ኣብ ናይ ስራሕ ዓይነት መሰረት ብምግባር፣ ሰፊሕ ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድል ዘለዎም ሰራሕተኛታት ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲታት ከም ጓንቲ፣ ጋውን፣ ናይ ገጽ መሸፈኒ ወይ ማስክ፣ መነጽር ክገብሩ ኣለዎም።
Workers in this risk group rarely require use of respirators.
እዞም ንሓደጋ ተቓላዕቲ ሰራሕተኛታት ጉጅለ መተንፈሲ ምጥቃም ክንድቲ ኣየድልዮምን።
If a person becomes sick on an airplane, proper controls to protect workers and other passengers include separating the sick person from others by a distance of 6 feet, designating one crew member to serve the sick person, and offering a face mask to the sick person or asking the sick person to cover their mouth and nose with tissues when coughing or sneezing.
ሓደ ሰብ ኣብ ኣውሮፕላን እንተደኣ ሓሚሙ፡ ንሰራሕተኛታትን ንተሳፈርቲን ኣብ ምሕላው ኣግባብ ዘለዎም ቁጽጽራት ፡ ነቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ካብ ካልኦት ብ 6 ጫማ ምንጻል፡ ነቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ድማ ናይ ገጽን ኣፍንጫኝ መሸፈኒ (mask) ምሃብ ውይድማ ኣብ ዘስዕለሉ ውይድማ ኣብ ዝህንጥሰሉ ሰዓት ኣፉን ኣፍንጫኡን ብ ሶፍት ን ኽሽፍን ምግባር ዘጠቓለለ እዩ።
Cabin crew should wear disposable medical gloves when tending to a sick traveler or touching body fluids or potentially contaminated surfaces, and possibly additional personal protective equipment if the sick traveler has fever, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing.
ናይ ካቢን ጉጅለታት ዝሓመመ ተጎዓዚ ኣብ ዝከናኸኑሉ ወይ ናይ ሰብነት ፈሳሲ ወይ ተበኪሉ ክኸውን ዝኽእል ቦታ ኣብ ዝነኽኡሉ እዋን ተተጠቒሞም ክድርብይዎም ዝኽእሉ ናይ ሕክምና ጓንቲታት ክጥቀሙ ኣለዎም፣ እቲ ዝሓመመ ተጎዓዚ ረስኒ፣ ቀጻላይ ዝኾነ ሰዓል፣ ወይ ናይ ምትንፋስ ጸገም እንተልይዎ ናይ ውልቃዊ መከላኸሊ ናውቲ እውን ክጥቀሙ ኣለዎም።
Gloves and other disposable items should be disposed of in a biohazard bag, and contaminated surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected afterwards.For commercial shipping, including cruise ships and other passenger vessels, hazard controls include postponing travel when sick, and self-isolating and informing the onboard medical center immediately if one develops a fever or other symptoms while on board.
ጓንቲታትን ካልኦት ተጠቒምካ ምድርባይ ዝከኣሉ ኣቑሑትን ኣብ ባዮሃዛርድ ሳንጣ ክድርበዩ ኣለዎም፣ ዝተበከሉ ቦታታት ድማ ክጸርዩን ዲስኢንፌክት ክግበሩን ኣለዎም።ንናይ ንግዲ መጎዓዓዝያ፣ ናይ መዘናግዒ ጉዕዞ መርከባትን ካልኦት ናይ ተጎዓዓዝቲ ጀልባታትን፣ ናይ ሓደጋ ቁጽጽር ክትሓምም ከለኻ ጉዕዞኻ ምንዋሕ፣ ዓርስኻ ምፍላይን ኣብቲ መርከብ እንከሎ ዝኾነ ሰብ ረስኒ ወይ ካልኦት ምልክታት እንተተርእዩ ድማ ንኣብኡ ዘለዉ ናይ ሕክምናኣባላት ምፍላጥ ዝኣመሰሉ ዘካትት እዩ።
Ideally, medical follow-up should occur in the isolated person's cabin.For schools and childcare facilities, CDC recommends short-term closure to clean or disinfect if an infected person has been in a school building regardless of community spread.
ብሓሳብ ደረጃ፣ ሕክምናዊ ክትታላት ኣብቲ ናይቲ ዓርሱ ፈልዩ ዘሎ ሰብ ካቢን ክካየዱ ኣለዎም።ንቤት ትምህርቲታትን ናይ ህጻናት ክንክን ትካላትን፣ እቲ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ኣብ ቤት ትመህርቲ ህንጻ እንተነይሩ ናይ ማሕበረ ሰብ ምስርጫው ብዘየገድስ CDC ነቲ ህጻን ክሳብ ዘጸሪን ዲስ ዲስኢንፌክት ዝግበርን ንክዕጾ ይመክር።
When there is minimal to moderate community transmission, social distancing strategies can be implemented such as canceling field trips, assemblies, and other large gatherings such as physical education or choir classes or meals in a cafeteria, increasing the space between desks, staggering arrival and dismissal times, limiting nonessential visitors, and using a separate health office location for children with flu-like symptoms.
ትሑት ወይ ማእኸላይ ናይ ማሕበረ ሰብ ስርጭት እንተልዩ፣ ናይ ኣካላዊ ርሕቐት ሜላታት ኣብ ስራሕ ክውዕሉ ኣለዎም ከም ናይ ሜዳ ጉዕዞታት፣ ኣኼባታትን ካልኦት ዓበይቲ ምትእኽኻባትን ንኣብነት ኣካላዊ ብቕዓት ትምህርቲታት ወይ ናይ ኳየር ክላሳት ወይ ኣብ ካፍቴርያ ምግቢ ምምጋብ፣ ኣብ መንጎ ጠረጴዛታት ዘሎ ክፍተት ብምስፋሕ፣ ናይ መእተዊን መውጽኢን ሰዓታት ብምውሳነን፣ ወሰንቲ ዘይኮኑ በጻሕቲ ብምቕናስ፣ ንከም ናይ ጉንፋዕ ዝበለ ምልክት ዘለዎም ህጻናት ፍሉይ ናይ ሕክምና ቦታ ምጥቃም።
When there is substantial transmission in the local community, in addition to social distancing strategies, extended school dismissals may be considered.For law enforcement personnel performing daily routine activities, the immediate health risk is considered low by CDC.
ኣብ ከባቢያዊ ማሕበረሰባት ምልባዕ እንተልዩ፣ ንናይ ማሕበራዊ ርሕቐት ሜላታት ብተወሳኺ፣ ንነዊሐ ግዘ ቤት ትምህርቲታት ተዓጽዮም ክጸንሑ ክግበር ይኽእል እዩ።ሕጊ ኣስፈጸምቲ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታት እንዳካየዱ፣ ቀጥታዊ ናይ ጥዕና ሓደጋ ድማ ብ CDC ትሑት እዩ ተባሂሉ ይሕሰብ።
Law enforcement officials who must make contact with individuals confirmed or suspected to have COVID-19 are recommended to follow the same guidelines as emergency medical technicians, including proper personal protective equipment.
እቶም ምስ COVID-19 ከይህልዎምዝተጠርጠሩ ወይድማ ከምዘልዎም ዝተረጋገጸ ሰባት ርክብ ክህልዎም ዝኽእል ናይ ሕጊ መኽበርቲ ኣካላት ፡ ናይ ወልቀ መሐለዊ መሳርሒ ሓዊሱ፡ ልክዕ ክም ናይ ሰብ ሞያ ሕክምና ተመሳሳሊ መምርሒታት ክስዕቡ ይግባእ።
If close contact occurs during apprehension, workers should clean and disinfect their duty belt and gear prior to reuse using a household cleaning spray or wipe, and follow standard operating procedures for the containment and disposal of used PPE and for containing and laundering clothes.
ብድንጋጸ ናይ ቀረባ ምንኽኻእ እንተተፈጢሩ፣ ሰራሕተኛታት ናይ ግዳጅ ቀበትኦምን መሳርሒታቶምን ደጊሞም ቅድሚ ምጥቃሞም ናይ ገዛ መጽረዪ ስፐረይ ወይ ዋይፕ ተጠቒሞም ከጽርዩን ዲስኢንፌክት ክገብሩን ኣለዎም፣ ዝተጠቐሙሎም PPE ታት ኣቀማምጣን ኣጎሓሕፋን ከምኡውን ክዳውንቲ ላውደሪ ብዛዕባ ምእታው ብዝምልከት ድማ ስታንዳርድ መምርሒታት ይጠቐሙ።
OSHA considers certain healthcare and mortuary workers to be at high or very high categories of exposure risk.
OSHA ገለ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክንን ናይ ቀብሪ ስነ ስርዓትን ሰራሕተኛታት ንምቅላዕ ኣብ ዝለዓለ ሓደጋ ከምዘለዉ ሓቢሩ።
High exposure risk jobs include healthcare delivery, support, laboratory, and medical transport workers who are exposed to known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
ልዑል ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድል ዘለዎም ስራሕቲ ምስ ዝተጠርጠሩ ወይ ዝተረጋገጹ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙማት ተቓላዒነት ዘለዎም ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ኣቕርቦት፣ ሓገዝ፣ ቤተ ፈተነን ናይ ሕክምና መጎዓዓዝያ ሰራሕተኛታትን ዘካትቱ እዮም።
These become very high exposure risk if workers perform aerosol-generating procedures on, or collect or handle specimens from, known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
እቶም ሰራሕተኛታት ኤሮሶል ዘምርቱ ምርመራታት ዘካይዱ እንተኾይኖም፣ ወይ ካብ ዝተጠርጠሩ ወይ ዝፍለጡ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙማት ናሙናታት ዝወስዱ እንተኾይኖም ኣዚዮም ተቓላዕቲ እዮም።
Aerosol-generating procedures include intubation, cough induction procedures, bronchoscopies, some dental procedures and exams, or invasive specimen collection.
ኤሮሶል ዘምርቱ ከይዲታት ኢንቱቤሽን፣ ሰዓል ዘጀምሩ ከይዲታት፣ ብሮንኮስኮፒ፣ ገለ ናይ ስኒ ሕክምናታትን ምርመራታትን፣ ወይ ኢንቫሲቭ ናይ ናሙና ምእካብ ዘካተቱ እዮም።
High exposure risk mortuary jobs include workers involved in preparing the bodies of people who had known or suspected cases of COVID-19 at the time of their death; these become very high exposure risk if they perform an autopsy.Additional engineering controls for these risk groups include isolation rooms for patients with known or suspected COVID-19, including when aerosol-generating procedures are performed.
ልዑል ናይ ተቓላዒነት ሓደጋ ዘለዎም ናይ ቀብሪ ስራሕቲ ንናይ ብኮቪድ-19 ከምዝተተሓዙ ዝተጠርጠሩ ወይ ዝተረጋገጹ መወትቲ ሬሳ ዘዳልዉ ሰባት; እዚኦም ናይ ሬሳ ምርመራ እንተካይዶም ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድሎም ሰፊሕ እዩ።ተወሳኺ ናይቶም ብኮቪድ-19 ከም ዝተተሓዙ ዝተረጋገጹ ወይ ዝተጠርጠሩ ዝፍለዩሉ ክፍሊ ዘካትት ናይ ምህንድስና ቁጽጽራት፣ ናይ ኤሮሶል ዘምርት ከይዲታት ዘካይዱ እውን ዘካተቱ እዮም።
Specialized negative pressure ventilation may be appropriate in some healthcare and mortuary settings.
ስፔሻላይዝ ዝተገበሩ ኣሉታዊ ቬንትሌሽን ኣብ ገለ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክንን ናይ ቀብሪ መሰንድኦታትን ኣግባባዊ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
Specimens should be handled with Biosafety Level 3 precautions.
ናሙናታት ብ Biosafety ደረጃ 3 ጥንቃቐታት ክተሓዙ ኣለዎም።
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that incoming patients be separated into distinct waiting areas depending on whether they are a suspected COVID-19 case.In addition to other PPE, OSHA recommends respirators for those who work within 6 feet of patients known to be, or suspected of being, infected with SARS-CoV-2, and those performing aerosol-generating procedures.
ናይ ዓለም ጥዕና ድርጅት (WHO) ናብ ሕክምና ዝመጹ ተሓከምቲ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ተጠርጠርቲ ድዮም ኣይኮኑን ብምፍላይ ኣብ ፍሉይ መጸበዪ ቦታ ክጸነንሑ ምግባር ይመክር።ን ካልእ PPE ብተወሳኺ፣ OSHA ምስ ብ SARS-CoV-2 ተታሒዞም ከምዝኾኑ ዝፍለጡ፣ ዝተጠርጠሩ ሰባት ኣብ ውሽጢ 6 እግሪ ጫማ ንዝሰርሑ ሰባት መተንፈሲታት ይመክር፣ ነቶም ኣብ ናይ ኤሮሶል መምረቲ ምርመራ ዝሰርሑ ሰባት እውን።
In the United States, NIOSH-approved N95 filtering facepiece respirators or better must be used in the context of a comprehensive, written respiratory protection program that includes fit-testing, training, and medical exams.
ኣብ ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ፣ ብ NIOSH-ፍቓድ ዝተወሃቦ N95 ፊልተር ዝገብር ናይ ገጽ መሸፈኒ መተንፈሲ ወይ ዝሐሸ ኣብ ሓፈሻዊ፣ ጽሑፋዊ ናይ ምትንፋስ መከላኸሊ ፕሮግራም እኹል ፈተነ፣ ስልጠናን ናይ ሕክምና ፈተናታትን እውን ሓዊሱ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ይውዕል።
Other types of respirators can provide greater protection and improve worker comfort.The WHO does not recommend coveralls, as COVID-19 is a respiratory disease rather than being transmitted through bodily fluids.
ካልኦት ናይ መተንፈሲ ዓይነታት ዝበለጸ ምክልኻልን ዝሓሸ ናይ ሰራሕተኛ ምቾትን ይህቡ።WHO ሙሉእ መሸፈኒታት ኣይመክርን፣ ኮቪድ-19 ብናይ ሰውነት ፈሳሲ ዝመሓላለፍ ዘይኮነስ ናይ ስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ብምዃኑ።
WHO recommends only a surgical mask for point-of-entry screening personnel.
WHO ንመርመርቲ ሰባት ናይ ሰርጂካል ማስክ ምጥቃም ጥራሕ እዩ ዝመክር።
For those who are collecting respiratory specimens from, caring for, or transporting COVID-19 patients without any aerosol-generating procedures, WHO recommends a surgical mask, goggles, or face shield, gown, and gloves.
ብዘይ ኤሮሶል ዘምርቱ ምርመራታት ካብ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙማት ናይ ምትንፋስ ናሙናታት ዝወስዱ፣ ዝሕብሕቡ፣ ወይ ዘጎዓዕዙ ሰባት፣ WHO ሰርጂካል ማስክ፣ መነጸራት፣ ወይ ናይ ገጽ መሸፈኒ፣ ጋውንን ጓንቲን ክጥቀሙ ይመክር።
If an aerosol-generating procedure is performed, the surgical mask is replaced with an N95 or FFP2 respirator.
ኤሮሶል ዘምርቱ ምርመራታት ክካየዱ እንተኾይኖም፣ እቲ ሰርጂካል ማስክ ብ N95 ወይ FFP2 መተንፈሲ ክቕየር ኣለዎ።
Given that the global supply of PPE is insufficient, WHO recommends minimizing the need for PPE through telemedicine, physical barriers such as clear windows, allowing only those involved in direct care to enter a room with a COVID-19 patient, using only the PPE necessary for the specific task, continuing use of the same respirator without removing it while caring for multiple patients with the same diagnosis, monitoring and coordinating the PPE supply chain, and discouraging the use of masks for asymptomatic individuals.
ዓለም ለኻዊ ናይ PPE ኣቕርቦት እኹል ብዘይ ምዃኑ፣ WHO ናይ PPE ኣድላይነት ብቴሌሜዲሲን ንምቕናስ፣ ኣካላዊ መፈላለዪታት ከም ንጹር መስትያት ክጥቀሙ፣ ናይ ቀጥታ ክንክን ዝገብሩ ሰባት ጥራሕ ናቲ ኮቪድ-19 ዝሓመሙ ሰባት ክኣትዉ፣ ነቲ PPE ንንጹር ስራሕ ኣድላዪ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ጥራሕ ብምጥቃም፣ ንተመሳሳሊ ሕማም ዘለዎም ዝተፈላለዩ ሕሙማት ክንክን ኣብ ዝህቡሉ ግዜ ከየውጽእዎ ምጥቃም ክቕጽሉ፣ ነቲ ናይ PPE ኣቕርቦት ሰንሰለት ክቆጻጸርዎን ከተሓባብሩን፣ ንናይ ሕማም ምልክት ዘየርእዩ ሰባት ማስክ ዘይምጥቃም ብምብርትታዕ ንክሰርሑ ይመክር።
WHEREAS on March 4, 2020, I proclaimed a State of Emergency to exist in California as a result of the threat of COVID-19;
ኣብ ማርች 4, 2020፡ ብምኽንያት ስግዓት COVID-19ኣብ ካሊፎርኒያ ህጹጽ ኩነት ክህሉ ኣዊጀ።
and WHEREAS in a short period of time, COVID-19 has rapidly spread throughout California, necessitating updated and more stringent guidance from federal, state, and local public health officials;
እሞ ድማ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ እዋን፡ COVID-19 ኣብ መላእ ካሊፎርኒያ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ እዋን ክዛመት ኪሉ እዩ፡ ካብ ፌደራል ፡ ክልላትን ካብ ከባቢያዊ ሰበ ስልጣን ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ጊዜኡ ዝሓለውን ዝሓሸ ጥቡቕነት ዘለዎም መምርሒታት ንክወሃቡ ኣግዳሲ ክኸውን ገይሩ እዩ።
and WHEREAS for the preservation of public health and safety throughout the entire State of California, I find it necessary for all Californians to heed the State public health directives from the Department of Public Health.
ኣብ መላእ ካሊፎርኒያ ስቴት ዘሎ ድሕንነትን ናይ ፐብሊክ ጥዕና ምሕላው ክበሃል፣ ኩሎም ካሊፎርኒያውያን ብ ክፍሊ ፐብሊክ ጥዕና ዝወጽኡ ናይ ፐብሊክ ስቴት ጥዕና መምርሒታት ምሕላው ኣድላይ ኮይኑ ረኸበዮ ኣለኹ።
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of the State of California, in accordance with the authority vested in me by the State Constitution and statutes of the State of California, and in particular, Government Code sections 8567, 8627, and 8665 do hereby issue the following Order to become effective immediately:
ኣኔ ጋቪን ኒውሶም፡ ናይ ካሊፎርኒያ ኣማሓዳሪ፡ ብ ናይ ስቴት ሕገመንግስቲን ብ ናይ ካሊፎርኒያ ሕጊን ፡ ብፍላይ ከዓ ብ መንግስታዊ ኮዳት 8567, 8627 ን 8665 ኣቢሉ ብዝተውሃበኒ ስልጣን መሰረት፡ ነዚ ዝሰዕብ ትእዛዝ ብምውጻእ ኣብ ዝሓጸረ እዋን ተግባራዊ ንኽግበር ይእዝዝ።
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:
እቲ ትእዛዝ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ዝቐርብ ይኸውን፡
1) To preserve the public health and safety, and to ensure the healthcare delivery system is capable of serving all, and prioritizing those at the highest risk and vulnerability, all residents are directed to immediately heed the current State public health directives, which I ordered the Department of Public Health to develop for the current statewide status of COVID-19.
1) ጥዕናን ድሕነትን ሓፋሽ ንምሕላውን ማእከል ሕክምናታት ንኩሉ ክሕግዙን ነቶም ተነቀፍትን ኣብ ልዑል ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ቀዳምነት መታን ክህቡን፡ ኩሎም ተቀማጦ መጀመርያ ነዘን ንጥዕና ህዝቢ ዝምልከቱ እዋናዊ መምርሒታት ክሰምኡ ይግብኦም። እዘን መምርሒታት ብሃገር ደረጃ እዋናዊ ኩነታት ኮቪድ-19 ተራእዩ ብክፍሊ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ዝተዳለዋ መምርሒታት እየን።
Those directives are consistent with the March 19, 2020, Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response, found at: https://covid19.ca.gov/.
እዞም ትዕዛዛት ምስ ናይ ማርች 19 2020 ዝሰማምዑ’ዮም፡ ኣብ https://covid19.ca.gov/ ትሕቲ Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response ዝብል ኣርእስቲ ይርከቡ።
ORDER OF THE STATE PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER
ናይ ሃገራዊ ፕብሊክ ጥዕና ኦፊሰር ትእዛዝ