atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
እዞም ምልክታት ካብ ዝጅምሩ ክንደይ ጊዜ ኮይኑዎም?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
ኩሉ ዓይነት ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ብኸምዚ ዓይነቱ እዩ ክሕከም ዝግብኦ፣ ብተለይ ብናትካ/ኪ ዕድመ
and along with a fever
ምስ ረስኒ ብሓደ
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
ብተወሳኺ ናይ ኮሌስትሮልካን ናይ ደም ጸቕጢኻን እውን ክልካዕ ኣለዎ
and are you having a fever now?
ሐዚ ረስኒ ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
ካብ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ምልክታት ምስ እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ዝስምዑኻ/ኺ ኣለዉ ዶ?
and are you having a runny nose?
ናይ ኣፍንጫ ፈሳስ ኣለካ/ኪ?
and are you having this chest pain now?
እሞ ሐዚ እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይስመዓካ/ኪ ዶ ኣሎ?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ምትንፋስ ጸገም ኣለካዶ?
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
እሞ ምስ እዚ ካላኦት እተርእዮም ምልክታት እንተሃልዮም ዶ ክትነግረኒ/ርኒ?
and does this pain move from your chest?
ከምኡ’ውን እዚ ቃንዛ ካብ ኣፍልቢኻ’ዶ ይለዓል?
and drink lots of fluids
እውን ብዙሕ ፈሳሲ ውሰድ/ዲ
and how high has your fever been
ክሳብ ክንደይ ከይዱ ንይሩ እቲ ረስኒኻ/ኺ
and i have a cough too
ስዓል እውን ኣለኒ
and i have a little cold and a cough
ንእሽተይ ጉንፋዕን ሰዓልን ኣለኒ
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
ሎሚ ብጣዕሚ ሓያል ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
and is this the right time for your hay fever
እሞ ሐዚ እዚ ን ናይ ሃይ ረስኒኻ ትኽክለኛ ጊዜ ድዩ
and it get the chest pain
ካብኡ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ረኸበ
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
እሞ ይመስለኒ ንእሽተይ ረስኒ ኣለኒ
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
እውን እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ኣበይ ከምዘሎ ክትገልጸለይ/ጽለይ ይድሊ እዬ
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
እሞ ንሳ እውን ተመሳሳሊ ምልክታት ኣለዉዋ
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
እሞ ሐዚ እንታይ ዓይነት ምልክታት ትርእይ/ዪ ከምዘለኻ/ኺ ንገረኒ/ርኒ?
and they're having some fevers as well
ንሳቶም እውን ዝተወሰነ ረስኒ ኣለዎም
and with your history of diabetes
ምስ ናይ ሽኮርያ ታሪኽካ/ኪ እውን
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
እሞ ትፈልጥ ዲኻ ደረተይ ክፍንድእ ዝበለ ዓይነት ኮይኑ እዩ ዝስመዓኒ
and you know people cough on me all the time
ሰባት ኩልሻብ ከምዝስዕሉለይ ትፈልጥ ኢኻ/ኺ
and you're having chest pain
እሞ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ኣልካ/ኪ
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
እሞ እቶም ምልክታትካ/ኪ ድማ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓሙሽተ መዓልቲታት ኣይጠፍኡን
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
እዚ ጸቕጢ ኣብ ደረት እዩ ኢልካ ኣለኻ/ኺ
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
ዝኾነ ካብ ቤተሰብ ናይ ልቢ ጸገም፣ ልቢ ሕማም፣ ልቢ ድኻም፣ ልዑል ኮሌስትሮልን ልዑል ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ዘለዎ ኣሎ
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
ምስ እቲ ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛ ዝኾኑ ዝተዓዘብካዮም/ክዮም ኻልኦት ምልክታት ዋላ ጸገማት ኣለዉ ዶ?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
ኣብ ጸጋም ወገን ደረትኩም ዝኾነ ውግኣት ኣሎ ዶ?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
ክም እዚ ከማኻ/ኺ ተመሳሳሊ ምልክት ዘለዎም ካልኦት ሰባት ኣብ ገዛ ኣለዉ ዶ?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
ሐዚ ናይ ምትንፋስ ጸገም ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ
are you having any other symptoms?
ካልኦት ምልክታት ይርኣየካ/ኪ ኣሎ ዶ?
are you having any shortness of breath?
ዝኾነ ናይ ትንፋስ ምሕጻር ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
are you still having the chest pain
ሐዚ እውን እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይስመዓካ/ኪ ዶ ኣሎ
because this is flu season
ምኽንያቱ ድማ እዚ ናይ ፍሉ ወቕቲታት እዩ
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
ካብ እቲ ሽኮሪያ ወጻኢ ካልኦት ጸገማት ወይ ኣገደስቲ ሕማምት ኣለዉኻ/ኺ ዶ?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
ክምኡ እውን ነቲ ካብ ናይ ልቢ ጸገም ዝብገስ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ክንገድፎ የብልናን
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
ይኹን እምበር ሐዚ እቲ ዝገደደ ጸገም እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ እዩ
but if you have the cough
ግና ሰዓል እንተሃልዩካ/ኪ
but i have difficulty breathing
ናይ ምትንፋስ ጸገም ግና ኣለኒ
but i know lot of people cough on me
ይኹንደኣ እምበር ብዙሓት ሰባት ከምዝሰዐሉለይ ይፈልጥ
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
ይኹን እምበር ሕድሕድ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ብዝለዓለ ዕቱብነት ክንሕክም ኣለና
but you're breathing all right right now right?
ግና ሐዚ ጽቡቅ ትትንፍስ ኣለኻ/ኺ ትኽክል ዶ?
'cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
በዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ዘተላዓለ መሊእይ ረሲዐዮ
'cause they're having a cough
ምኽንያቱ ይስዕሉ ኣለዉ
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
ዝኾነ ሰብ ደረትካ/ኪ እንጸሞቖ ዓይነት ከምዝኾነ ድዩ ዚስማዓካ.ኪ?
do still feel like shortness of breath
ሐዚ እውን ናይ ትንፋስ ምሕጻር ዓይነት ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
ተመሳሰልቲ ምልክታት ዘርእይ ሕማም ሓሚምና ኢሎም የማርሩ ዶ?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
ክሳብ እትፈልጦ/ጥዮ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ጸገም ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
ካሊእ ዝኾነ ሕዱር ዝዓይነቱ ልዑል መጠን ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ወይ ዝመሳሰል ነገራት ኣለኪ/ካ ዶ?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
ካለኦት ከም ሕማም ሽኮሪያ ዝበሉ ሕዱር ሕክምናዊ ጸገማት ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
ምስ እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ናይ ትንፋስ ምሕጻር ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
do you have high blood pressure?
ልዑል ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ኣለካ/ኪ ዶ?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
ምስኡ ዝኸድ ገለ ናይ ትንፍስ ሕጽረት ኣለካ ዶ?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
እንታይ ምልክታት ከምዝነበሩዋ ትፈልጡ ዶ?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
ቤተሰብካ ተመሳሳሊ ዝኾኑ ምልክታት ኣለዎም ‘ዶ?
do you see the image?
ነቲ ምስሊ ርኢኻ/ኽዮ ዶ?
drink plenty of fluids today
ሎሚ ብዙሕ ፋሳሲታት ውሰዱ
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
ደረቕ ሰዓል፣ ጉንፋዕ፣ ናይ ኣፍንጫ ፈሳሲ፣ ንዓቐብ ምባልን ተቕማጥን ኣሎ
however i take tests for the diabetes
ኮይኑ እውን ንሽኮርያ ምርመራ ይገብር እዬ
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
ይኹን እምበር ምስ ናተይ ዝመሳሰሉ ምልክታት ኣለዉዋ
how high is your fever?
ክሳብ ክንደይ እዩ እቲ ረስኒኻ/ኺ?
how' s your blood pressure?
ናይ ደም ጸቕጢኻ/ኺ ከመይ እዩ?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
ልዑል ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ዘለኒ ኣይመስልኒን
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
ኣብ ደረተይ ኣብ'ዚ ኣብ ቅድሚት ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
if you continue to have high fevers
ልዑል ረስኒ እናርአኻ ትቕጽል እንተ ኾይንካ
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
ሚኢቲ ን ክልተ ሚኢቲን ወይ ካባኡ ንላዕሊ ዝልካዕ መጠን ረስኒ እንተሃሊይኩም
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
እንድሕር ደኣ ምልክታትካ ውይድማ ጸገማትካ ዝሓሸ መልከዕ ክምዘለዎም መረጋገጺ ሂብካ
i got a fever yesterday
ትማሊ ኣተኲስኒ
i got a slight fever too
ንእሽተይ ረስኒ እውን ኣለኒ
i had a fever yesterday
ትማሊ ረስኒ ኔሩኒ
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
ሕጽር ዝበለት ውግኣት ኣብ ደረተይ ኔራትኒ
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
ኣብ እዚ ኣብ ደረተይ ዚወግእ ቃንዛ አለኒ
i have hay fever though too
ናይ ሃይ ረስኒ እውን ኣለኒ
i have made on the body around the chest area?
ኣብ እቲ ሰብነት ኣብ ከባቢ እቲ ደረተ ሰሪሐ ኣለኹ?
i have some difficulty breathing too
ንእሽተይ ናይ ምትንፋስ ጸገም እውን ኣለኒ
i'll send you an image
ምስሊ ክሰደልካ/ኪ እየ
i'm having some chest pain today
ሎሚ ንእሽተይ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
ሎሚ ንእሽትይ ረስኒን ናይ ርእሲ ሕማምን ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
in my opinion it is flu
ክምናተይ ኣትሓሳስባ ሕማም ኢንፍሉዌንዛ እዩ
in my opinion this is a little flu
ብ ናትይ ኣራእያ እዚ ንእሽተይ ፍሉ እዩ
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ካብ ማእኸል ናይ ደረትካ ናብ ላዕሊ ክኸይድ ይሪኦ ኣለኹ
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
ዝኾነ ኣዝዩ ከቢድ ሰብ ኣብ ደረትካ/ኪ ከምዝተቐመጠ ዓይነት ድዩ?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
ኩሉ ምስ ሕማም ርእሲን ረስኒን እዩ ብሓደ ጀሚሩ
it hurts in the chest
ኣብ ደረተይ የቐንዝወኒ እዩ
it hurts in the middle of my chest
ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ ቃንዛ ኣለኒ
it is a pressure like chest pain
ክም ጸቕጢ ዝበለ ናይ ደርት ቃንዛ እዩ
it is in my chest
ኣብ ደረተይ እዩ
it is in the center of my chest
ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ እዩ
it is in the center of the chest
ኣብ ማእከል እቲ ደረት እዩ
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
ልክዕ ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ እዩ ዝስመዓኒ ዘሎ
it is right in the center of my chest
ልክዕ ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ እዩ
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
ናይ ጋርደን ቫራይቲ ሰዓል ውይድማ ሕማም ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ዘለካ ትመስል
i've got pain in my chest
ኣብ ደረተይ ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
i've very concerned of this chest pain
ብዛዕባ እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ስካፋት ኣለኒ
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
ነዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ገሊጽካ/ኪ ክትነግረኒ/ርኒ ይድሊ እየ
i will send you an image
ምስሊ ክሰደልካ/ኪ እዬ
i will send you an image on your screen
ናብ እስክሪንካ/ኪ ምስሊ ክሰደልካ/ኪ እዬ
like high blood pressure or diabetes
ከም ልዑል ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ ወይ ሽኮርያ
like right in the center of the chest
ልከዕ ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
ዝበዝሕ ጊዜ ከምዚ ዓይነት ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ እዩ
my sister has similar symptoms
ሓፍተይ ተመሳሳልቲ ምልክታት ኣለዉዋ
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
ሐዚ ነቲ ረስኒ ናይ ተችፐሪና ከረሜላ (tachipirina sweet) ምውሳድ ትኽእል/ሊ ኢኻ/ኺ
now i send you an image
ሐዚ ምስሊ ክሰደልካ/ኪ
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
ሜሪ ሐዚ እቶም ምልክታት ንኽንደይ መዓልቲ ተራእዮምኺ ኣለዉ
now you said you have a chest pain
ሐዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ከምዘለካ/ኪ ተዛሪብካ/ኪ ኣለኻ/ኺ
occasionally i have some chest pain
ሓሓሊፉ ንእሽተይ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ኣለኒ
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
ጽቡቕ ምስ እዚ ካብ እቲ ቃንዛ ወጻኢ ካሎኦት ምልክታት ኣለውኻ/ኺ ዶ?
or if you have high blood pressure
ወይከዓ ልዑል ናይ ደም ጸቕጢ እንተሃልዩካ/ኪ
or somebody sitting on your chest?
ወይ ዝኾነ ሰብ ኣብ ደረትካ ከምዝተቐመጠ?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
ዳርጋ ምስ ረስኒ፣ ሰዓል፣ ርእሲ ሕማምን ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛታት ተመሳሳሊ እዩ
right in the middle of my chest
ልክዕ ኣብ ማእኸል ደረተይ
show me on this image where you feel the pain
ኣብ እዚ ምስሊ እዚ እቲ ቃንዛ ኣበይ ይስመዓካ/ኪ ከምዘሎ ኣርእየኒ/ይኒ
since you have a fever
ረስኒ ስለዘለካ/ኪ
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
እሞ ገለ እዞም ምልክታት ምስ ምጽናስ ዝተሓሓዙ ዶ ይመስለካ/ኪ?
so your chest pain started this morning
ስለዚ እቲ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ሎሚ ንግሆ እዩ ጅሚሩ
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
እሞ ደቅኻ እውን ዝተወሰኑ ተመሳሳልቲ ምልክታት የርእዩ ኣለዉ?
tell me about your chest pain
ብዛዕባ ናይ ደረትካ ቃናዛ ንገረኒ
the fever increases at night
እቲ ረስኒ ምሸት ይውስኽ እዩ
the fever i've had for the last two days
ኣብ እተን ዝሓለፉ ክልተ መዓልቲታት ረስኒ ነይሩኒ እዩ
the fever started to increase last night
እቲ ረስኒ ካብ ትማሊ ምሸት እንዳወሰኸ ከይዱ
the fever started two days ago
እቲ ረስኒ ቅድሚ ክልተ መዓልቲታት እዩ ጀሚሩ
the muscle pains with the hay fever
ምስ ናይ ሃይ ረስኒ ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛ
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
ዶክተር ፖርተር ይበሃል ካብ ህጹጽ ክፍሊ ትሪያጅ ማእኸል
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
እሞ ብዛዕባ እቲ ናይ ደረትካ/ኪ ቃንዛ ንእሽተይ ክትነግረኒ/ርኒ ትክእል/ሊ ዶ?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
ከም ናተይ ኣመለኻኽታ ንእሽተይ ፍሉ እያ
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
ጽቡቕ እሞ፣ ኣብ ቅድሚተይ፣ ኣብ እዚ ኣብ ደረትይ እዩ ቃንዛ ዝስመዓኒ
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
ጽቡቕ፣ ኣብ ደረተይ ክቢድ ቃንዛ እናተሰመዓኒ ነይሩ እዩ
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
እሞ እምበይተይ፣ ንቶም ምልክታትኪ ብምስማዕ ካብ እቶም ናይ ስዓል ቫይረሳት ሓዲኦም ዝሓዙኪ ይመስል
well when i have that pain in my chest
ጽቡቕ እሞ፣ እቲ ቃንዛ ኣብ ደረተይ እንትጅምረኒ
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
ኣብ ደረትካ/ኪ እንታይ ዓይነት ቃንዛ ኣለካ/ኪ ?
when this chest pain started?
እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ መዓዝ ጀሚሩ?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
ኣበይ ወገን እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይስመዓካ/ኪ ኣሎ?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
ኣበይ ወገን ይስምዐካ እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ
you are probably having chest pain
ምናልባት ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ይህልወካ/ኪ ይኸውን
you feel like tightness on your chest
ኣብ ደረትካ/ኪ ዘጨንቕ ስምዒት ይስመዓካ/ኪ ኣሎ
you know i got diabetes and stuff
ሽኮርያን ካልኦት ነገራትን ክምዘለዉኒ ትፈልጥ/ጢ ኢኻ/ኺ
you said you're having this chest pain
እዚ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ ከምዘለካ ሓቢርካ ኣለኻ
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
ካብ ጃኑዋሪ 1 እስካብ ማርች 15 2020 ኣብዘሎ፡ ኣብ ኣውሮፓ ሕብረትን/ናይ ኣውሮፓ ቁጠባዊ ቦታትን ኣብ እንግሊዝን ናይ ኮሮና ቫይረስ ሕማም(COVID-19) ውህሉል ኣጋጣሚታት ብ ቕልጡፍ እናዓበየ እዩ።
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
እቲ ዝዋህለለ ናይ ሕማም ኮረና ቫይረስ (COVID-19) ዘጋጠሙ ጉዳያት ኣብ ኣውሮፓ ሕብረት/ኣውሮፓ ቁጠባዊ ዓውዲ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ን ኣብ እንግሊዝን ተመሳሳሊ ዝኾነ ምዕባለ እናርኣየ ይርከብ፡ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ደረጃታት ድማ፡ ከከም ሃገራቱ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ኣዝዩ ቅልጡፍ ብዝኾነ መልክዑ ኣብ ኩለን ሃገራት እናወሰኸ ይርከብ።
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
ብመሰረት ካብ ጣልያን ዝተወሰደ ተመኩሮ፡ ሃገራት፡ ሆስፒታላትን ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ክፍሊታትን ነቶም ክመጹ ዝኽእሉ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ዝደልዩ ብፍላይ ድማ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ዝጠልቡ ን ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ዋሕዚ ድልውነቶም ክውሰኹ ይግባእ።
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ ዲሰምበር 31 2019 ፡ መምጽኢኦም ዘይፍለጡ ናይ ኒሞንያ ጉዳያት ጉጅለ ካብ ዉሃን ፡ ሁበይ ግዝኣት ፡ ቻይና ተጸብጺቡ።
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 9 2020፡ ናይ China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ቻይና ማእኸል ምቁጽጻር ን ምክልኻልን ሕማም) እቲ ናይ ሕማም መልዓሊ ኖቨል ኮረና ቫይረስ 2 ኮይኑ ሐዚ ድማ SARS-CoV-2 ተባሂሉ ከምዝጽዋዕ ጸብጺቡ።
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
በዚ ድማ፣ ብSARS-CoV-2 ዝመፅእ ኢንፌክሽን ሕማም ኮሮና ቫይረስ (COVID-19) ተባሂሉ ተሰይሙ።
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
ክሳብ ሐዚ ብዘሎ መረዳእታታት 80% COVID-19 ዘለዎም ውልቀሰባት ከም ናይ መተንፈሲ ቱቦ ረኸሲ ዝበሉ ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ ዘለዎምን ዘይብሎምን ፈኲስ ሕማም ዝነበሮም እዮም።
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
ናይ COVID-19 14% ጉዳያት ለበዳ ሓደገኛ ዝኾነ ናብ ሕክምና ምኽያድ ዘየድልዮ ሕማም እንትኾኑ እቶም ዝተረፉ 6% ጉዳያት ለበዳ ድማ ላዕለዋይ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም ፅኑዕ ሕሙማት እዮም።
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
ብ CoVID-19 ሕክምና ካብ ዝኣተዉ ሕሙማት 4% ናይ ሞት መጠን ተመዝጊቡ ኣሎ።
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ እዚ መፅናዕቲ ኣብ ሕድሕድ ናይ ኣዉሮፓ ሕብረት/ኣዉሮፓ ቁጠባዊ ቦታ(EU/EEA) ዘለዋ ሃገራትን ዩናይትድ ኪንግደምን (UK) ዝርከቡ ድምር COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ምስ ሁቤይ ናይ ቻይና ክፋል ሃገር ዘሎ ምዕባለታት ዳህሲስና ኣለና።
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
ካብ ጃኑዋሪ 31- ማርች 15 2020 ኣብዘሎ ጊዜ ኣብ EU/EEA ሃገራትን ኣብ እንግሊዝ ዘለዉ ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ምስ ኣብ ጣልያን ዘለው ጉዳያት ኣወዳዲርና ኢና።
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
ናይ CoVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ኣብ ናይ EU/EEA ሃገራትን እንግሊዝን
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
ደድሕሪ ቻይና ድማ COVID-19 ኣብ ተወሳኽቲ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ዝርጋሐታት ዝካየደ እንትኾን፡ ኣብ መላዕ ዓለም ዝረኣይ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ባህሪ ድማ ምስ እታ ሃገር ተመሳሳሊ ኣካይዳ እዩ ዘለዎ።
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
ናይ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) ዳይሬክተር ጀነራል ን COVID-19 ዓለም ለኻዊ ለበዳ ክብል ኣብ ማርች 11 2020 ኣዊጁ።
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
ኣብ 5 ማርች 2020 ዝተኻየደ ናይ ዩሮሰርቬላንስ ኣኼባ Spiteri et al፣ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም(WHO) ዘዉጽኦ ናይ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ትርጉም ብምጥቃም ኣብ ኣውሮፓ ንዝተረኽቡ ናይ መጀመርታ ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ኣፍሊጡ እዩ።
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ EU/EEA፡ እቶም ናይ መጀመሪያ ዝተረጋገጹ ሰለስተ ኣብ ካብ ዉሃን፡ ሁበይ ግዝኣት. ቻይና ዝተመለሱ ሰባት ዝተርኣዩ ሰባት ብ ፍራንስ 24 ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 2020 ተጽብጺቦም እዮም።
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
ኣብ 15 ማርች 2020 ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ኣብ ኩለን እተን 30 ናይ EU/EEA ሃገራትን ኣብ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደምን (UK) ከምዝተረኸበ ይግለፅ። ካብ 31 ዲሰምበር 2019 ጀሚሩ ክሳብ እቲ ዕለት ድማ 39,768 ጉዳያት ለበዳን 1,727 ሞትን ተመዝጊቦም እዮም። ካብዚኦም ድማ እቶም 17,750 ጉዳያት ለበዳ 1,441 ሞትን ካብ ጣልያን ጥራሕ እዮም ተረኺቦም።
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት ድምር ቁፅርን ድምር ክስተትን ምርካብ
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
ኣብ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (ናይ ኣዎሮፓ ሕማም ናይ መከላኸሊን መቆፃፀርን ማእኸል) ናይ ሕድሕድ ናይ ዓለም ሃገራት COVID-19 ስሩዕ መረዳእታ ካብ ዝህቡ ምንጭታት ከም ናይ ጥዕና ሚኒስቴር፣ ብሄራዊን ክልላዊን ናይ ጥዕና ምምሕዳር ከምኡዉን ካብ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም(WHO) ዝተወስደ መረዳእታ ብምጥቃም ኩሉ ጊዜ ንግሆ ሰዓት 8፡00 ዝመሓየሽ እዩ።
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
እዞም ዳታታት እዚኦም ኣብ EU/EEAን ኣብ እንግሊዝን ዘሎ ምዕባለታት COVID-19 ዳህሳስ ብምግባር ምስ ጣልያን ንምንጽጻር ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዝወዓለ እዩ።
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
ካብ 1 ጃኑዋሪ-15 ማርች 2020 ዘሎ እዋን ኣብ ሕድሕድ ሃገራት EU/EEAን UKን ንCOVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ክዉክል ዝኽእል ናይ COVID-19 ተፈጥሮኣዊ ጉዕዞ ኣብ ሓሳብ ብምእታው ናይ 14-መዓልቲ ዝተቆረፀ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ድምር ኣስሊሕና ኢና።
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
ምስ ካብ 31 ጃንዋሪ-15 ማርች 2020 ዘሎ ናይ ጣልያን ቁፅሪ ኣነፃፂርካ ኣብ 15 መጋቢት 2020 ንጉሆ ሰዓት 8፡00 ዝተገልፀ ናይ ሕድሕድ ሃገር ድምር ኣቕሪብና ኣለና።
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
ናይ CoVID-19 ምዕባለታት ኣብ ሃገራት EU/EEAን Ukን
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
ድሕሪ ናይ ቻይና ሁባይ ቐጠና ኣብ EU/EEA ሃገራትን UKን ዝተርኣዩ ናይ 14 መዓልታት ናይ COVID-19 ልውጥታት (Figure 1)
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
ን EU/EEAን ን እንግሊዝን በጠቓላሊ፡ እቲ ውህሉል ናይ COVID-19 ኣጋጣሚታት ካብ ፌብሩዋሪ 21 ንደሓር እዩ ክውስኽ ጀሚሩ፡ ቀጺሉ ድማ ካብ ፌብሩዋሪ 28:2020 ንደሓር ብ ናህሪ ወሲኹ እዩ(ተሓጋጋዚ ናውቲታት)።
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
እዚ መብዛሕቲኡ ግዜ ካብ ጣልያን ብዝጽብጸቡ ዓብዪ ናህሪ ዝነበሮም ወሳኸታት ዝዝወር እዩ ነይሩ፡ ነገር ግን ኩለን ዝተረፋ ናይ EU/EEA ሃገራትን እንግሊዝን ተመሳሳሊ ናይ ወሰኽ ምዕባለታት ውህሉል ናይ COVID-19 ኣጋጣሚታት ኣርኢየን እየን።
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
ኣሃዝ 2 ምስ ካብ 31 ጃንዋሪ- 15 ማርች 2020 ዝነበረ ናይ ጣልያን ጉዳያት ለበዳ ብምንፅፃር ኣብ ሃገራት EU/EEAን UKን ዝርከቡ ድምር ጉዳያት ለበዳ COVID-19 ዘርኢ እዩ።
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
ኣብ 15 ማርች ናይ ንግሆ ሳዓት 8፡00 ምስ ቅድሚ 3 ሰሙን ዝተመዝገበ ናይ ጣልያን በዝሒ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ዝነፃፀር ቁፅሪ ኣብ 15 ሃገራት EU/EEAን UKን ተመዝጊቡ ኣሎ።
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
ዘለዉና ውጽኢታት ዝተፈለጡ ጉዳያት COVID-19 ኣብ EU/EEAን እንግሊዝን ብ ቕልጡፍ እናወሰኹ ከምዝኾኑ ዘርእዩ እዮም።
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
እቲ ዝረአ ዘሎ ጠቕላላ ናይ COVID-19 ክስተት እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ኩለን ሃገራት ብተነፃፃሪ ፍጥነት ከምዝስፋሕፋሕ ዘሎ ዘረድእ እዩ።
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
እዚ ድማ ኣንጻር እተን ሃገራት ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ደረጃ ዘለዋ ይኹና፡ ኣብ ናይ ብሄራዊ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ዘሎ ኣፈላላይ፡ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ሃገራት ክህሉ ዝኽእል ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ጉዳያት ትርጉም ኣዋህባን፡ን ናይ COVID-19 ምርመራ ብቑዓት ዝኾኑ ሕሙማት ኣብ ምምራጽ ዝስዕቡዎ ዝተፈላለየ ፕሮቶኮላት እዩ።
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
ኣብ መጅመሪ ማርች 2020፡ኣብ እተን በዚ ረኽሲ ዝተጠቕዓን ኣብ ካልኦት ኣብ ጣልያን ዝርከባ ክልላት ዘለው ዶክተራት፡ ነቲ ዘሎ ኩነታት፡ማለት እውን ካብቶም ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ውሽጢ 10% ኢድ ዝኾኑ ጽኑዕ ሕክምና ዝደልዩ እዮም፡ ሚድያታታት ከምዝዘገባኦ ድማ፡ እተን ኣብዚ ክልል ዝርከባ ናይ ጽኑዕ ሕክምና ክትትል ክፍሊታት እቲ ክሕዛኦ ዝኽእላ ወሰን ብርኪ በጺሐን ኣለዋ።
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
ኣብ እዚ ሐዚ እዋን ብ ደረጃ EU/EEA ዘሎ ናይ COVID-19 ቅበላ ዳታ ኣብ ሆስፒታል 6% ኣብ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ድማ 1% ዝርከብ እዩ(ዳታ ኣይቀረበን)።
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
ኣብ ዝተመዝገቡ ቁፅሪ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ሞትን ምስ ዘድህብ ምርምር ንምስምዕማዕ ብስትራቴጂካዊ መንገዲ ክእከቡ ይግባእ።
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
ኣብ 2010–11 ኣብ ዝተገበረ መፅናዕቲ፣ ኣብ ኣውሮፓ ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክንን ናይ ማእኸላይ ክንክን ዓራት ህላወ ካብ 29.2 ኣብ ጀርመን ናብ 4.2 ን100,000 ህዝቢ ኣብ ፖርቹጋል ዝኾን ዓብዪ ፍልልይ ከምዘሎ ኣርእዩ እዩ።
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
እዚ ማለት ድማ ሃገራት ካብ ጣልያን (12.5 ጽኑዕ ክንክን ማእኸለዋይ ክንክን ዓራታት ብ 100000 በዝሒ ህዝቢ ኣብ 2010-11) ንላዕሊ ወይድማ ዝነኣሰ ናይ ሃብቲ መጠን ክህልወን ይኽእል እዩ።
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
ምስ ናይ ወሰን ዓቕሚ ክንክን ጥዕና ዝተሓሓዙ ናይ ሞደል ተርእዮታት፣ ምስ ሕድሕድ ናይ EU/EEA ሃገራትን እንግሊዝን ዝህሉ ናይ ምስ a &gt ዝተሓሓዙ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ዝርከቡ ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ትንቢት ዝሓዘ፣ 90% ዝኾን ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ዓራት ዓቕሚ ናይ ምሓልፉ ሓደጋ፣ ኣብ እቲ መበል ሻዱሻይ ዝተሓደሰ ናይ ECDC ናይ COVID-19 ቅልጡፍ ናይ ሓደጋ ዳህሳስ ቀሪቡ እዩ።
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
ኣብ ሓደሓደ ናይ EU/EEA ሀገራትን እንግሊዝን ውሽጢ ኣብ ዝተወሰኑ ክልላት ዝርከቡ ሕክምናታትን ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ዩኒታት ኣገልግሎት ንካብ ውስን ክፍሊ እቲ ቀጠና ዝመጹ ሰባት ኣገልግሎት ዝህቡ እንትኾኑ ን ሕሙማን፣ ዓራት መረዳእታ ኣብ ዝተመደቡ ናይ ክልል ክፍሊ ንስታቲስቲክስ 2 (NUTS-2) ደረጃ ክርከብ ይግባእ።
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
ካብ ጣልያንን ኣብ ካልኦት ዓዲታት ዝተወሰዱ ካልኦት እዋናዊ ምዕባለታት ዝተረኸበ ተሞክሮ ከምዘርእዮ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ኣብ EU/EEA ን ኣብ እንግሊዝን ብ ናህሪ እናዓበየ ይርከብ።
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
ሃገራት፣ ሕክምናታትን ላዕለዋይ ሓገዝ ዝህቡ ክፍልታትን ነቲ ክመፅእ ዝኽእል ቀፃሊ ዝኾነ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ለበዳን ከምኡውን ቁፅሪ ብCOVID-19 ዝተጠቕዑ ብምዉሳኽ ጥዕና ሓለዋን ከም ኣብቶም ዝተጎድኡ ክፋላት ጣልያን ዘለዉ ላዕለዋይ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም ቦታታትን ክህልዉ ስለዝኽእሉ ኣድላዪ ምድላው ክግበር ይግባእ።
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ዝወፀ ናይ ECDC ስሉጥ ናይ ሓደጋ ምርመራ ቅልጡፍ፣ ህፁፅን ኣጠቓላሊን ዝኾነ ኣቀራርባ ብምጥቃም ምትሕልላፍ SARS-COV-2 ምቕናስ ከምዝከኣል ሓቢሩ።ካብ ምዕጋት ናብ ምቕናስ ብምቕያር ዝግበር ኣከይዳ ቀዲምካ እንተዘይተተሊሙ ነቲ ዝፅበየና ዘሎ ቅልጡፍ ናይ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ምዉሳኽ ዉሳነ ወሃብትን ሕክምናታትን ግቡእ ዝኾነ መልሲ ክህቡ ኣይኽእሉን።
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
ቅልጡፍ ናይ ሓደጋ ግምገማ ናይ እቲ ለበዳ ፅዕንቶ ንክቕንስ ናይ ህዝቢ ጥዕና ስጉምትታት እውን ይዝርዝር እዩ።
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
ሃገራት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዝርጋሐ ኣብ ምግታእን ኣብ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ዘሎ ጸቕጢ ኣብ ምቕናስን ዘለዎን ቁጽጽር ብዝበለጸ ክውስኻሉ ዝኽእላሉ ሓጺር ናይ ዕድል መሽኮት ኣለወን።
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
እዚ ምግባር ተዘይተኻኢሉ ኣብ ካልኦት EU/EEA ሃገራት ኣብ ዉሽጢ ተወሰነ ማዓልትታት ወይድማ ሰሙናት እቲ ጥዕና ሓለዋ ላዕለዋይ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም ሕሙማት ምወሳኽ ከጋጥሞም ይኽእል እዩ።
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
እቲ ብ SARS ኮረና ቫይረስ 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ዝተበገሰ ናይ 2019 (COVID-19) ናይ ኮረና ቫይረስ ለበዳ፡እስካብ ሐዚ ካብ 3000 ንላዕሊ ሰባት ብምቕታል እስካብ 80000 ዝኾኑ ድማ ኣጥቂዑ ይርከብ፡ ኣብ ካልኦት ክፋላት ዓለማት ድማ ኣስክሕካሒ ህልቂት እናስዓበ ይርከብ።
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
ልክዕ ከም እቲ ኣብ 2003 ኣብ ኣሽሓት ሰባት SARS ዘኸተለ SARS-CoV፣ SARS-CoV-2 እዉን ብተመሳሳሊ መንገዲ ካብ ሎኻኺቶ ተመሓላሊፉ ተመሳሳሊ ምልክታት ከምፅእ ይኽእል እዩ።
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
ይኹን ደኣምበር COVID-19 ካብ SARS ዝነኣሰ መጠን ሞት እንትህልዎ ዝበኣሰ ናይ ምምሕልላፍን ካብ መናእሰይ ንላዕሊ ዓበይቲ፣ ካብ ደቂ ኣንስትዮ ንላዕሊ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ዘጥቅዕ እዩ።
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
ነቶም ኣዝዮም እናወሰኹ ዝኸዱ ዘለው ናይ ሓደሽቲ ሕማማት ሕትመታት መልሲ ኣብ ምሃብ፡ እዚ ኣንቀጽ እዚ ነቲ ብቕልጡፍ እና ማዕበለ ዝኸድ ዘሎ ናይ ምርምር ፕሮጀክት፡ ግዜኡ ዝሓለወን ሓቛፊ ዝኾነን ኣጠቓላሊ ርኢቶ ንምሃብ ፈተነ ዝገበር እዩ።
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
ብዛዕባ ኢፒዲሞሎጂ(epidemiology)፡ ኢቲዮሎጂ(etiology)፡ ቫይሮሎጂ(virology)፡ ምርመራታት፡ ሕክምና፡ ፕሮጅኖሲስ(prognosis)ን ናይ እቲ ሕማም መከላኸሊን ዝምልከት መሰረታውያን ጉዳያት ክንሽፍን ኢና።
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
ብዙሓት ሕቶታት መልሲ ዝደልዩ እኳ እንተኾኑ፡ እዚ ኣጠቓላሊ መግለጺ እዚ ነዚ መስካሕክሒ ሕማም ኣብ ምርዳእን ምውጋድን ሓገዝ ከምዝገብር ተስፋ ንገብር።
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
ኣብ 25 ጃኑዋሪ 2020 ዝኽበር ናይ Spring Festival( ፅድያ ባዓል) በቲ ለበዳ ሓድሽ ቫይረስ ምኽንያት ብምግባር ኣብ እቲ እዋን ኣውዳኣመትን ንቀፃሊ ሰሙናት ካብ ገዛ ንከይወፁን ንዝተገብሩ መላእ ቻይናዉያን ተራእዩ ዘይፈልጥን ዘይትርሳዕን ማዓልቲ ኮይና ከምዝሓለፈት ይእመን።
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
እቲ ቫይረስ ምስ እቲ ኣብ 2003 ለበዳ ዘስዓበ SARS ኮረና ቫይረስ ዝዓበየ ተመሳስሊነት ዘለዎ እዩ፡ በዚ ድማ ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 11:2020 ብ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም SARS-CoV-2 ተባሂሉ ክጽዋዕ ዝኸኣለ እንትኾን ምስ ዝተተሓሓዘ ሕማም ድማ ኮቭ ሕማም-19(ኮቪድ-19) ተባሂሉ እዩ።
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ዉሃን ቻይና ዝጀመረ እንትኸዉን ቀልጢፉ ድማ ናብ መላእ እታ ሃገርን ናብ ካልኦት ከባቢ 50 ሃገራትን ተላቢዱ እዩ።
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
ክሳብ ማርች 2, 2020 እቲ ቫይረስ 80,000 ዝተረጋገፁ ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ከምዘለዉ ፣ ልዕሊ 40,000 ሕሙማት ካብ ሕክምና ከምዝወፁን ከምኡውን 3,000 ሕሙማት ከምዝሞቱን ይፍለጥ።
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
COVID-19 ‘’ናይ ህዝቢ ቀዳማይ ፀላኢ 1’’ ከምዝኾነን ካብ ግብረ ሽበራ ዝሓየለ ምዃኑን ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) ኣጠንቂቑ ኣሎ።
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
ካብ ብዙሓት ሕሙማት ዝተወስዱ ናይ ቫይረስ ቅደም ሳዓብ ካብ ዝወፀሉ 7 ጃኑዋሪ 2020 እዋን ጀሚሩ ብዛዕባ ናይ COVID-19 ቫይሮሎጂ፣ ኢፒደሞሎጂ፣ ኢትዮሊጂ፣ ናይ ምርመራ ከይዲን መድሓኒትን ክልተ ወርሒ ኣብ ዘይመልአ እዋን ልዕሊ 200 ፅሑፋት ተሓቲሞም ይብል PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
እዚ ክለሳ ኣብ እቲ ሓድሽን ብቕልጡፍን ዝዓቢ ዘሎ ርእሰ ጉዳይ ናይ መፅናዕቲ ትምበያ ንምጥቕላል ይፍትን።
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
ኣብዝተኽኣለና ጊዜ COVID-19 ምስ SARSን ካልኦት CoV-caused ሕማማት፣ MERS( ኣብ 2012 ዝተልዓለ ለበዳ) ንምንጽጻር ክንሙክር ኢና።
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
ብዛዕባ ናይ እቲ ሕማም መከላኸሊን ትንበያታትን ብዛዕባ ገለ ዝቕርዩ ህጹጻት ሕቶታትን እስካብ ሐዚ እንታይ ክምዝተዛተናን እውን ክንመያየጥ ኢና።
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
CoVs ብ ልሙድ ን ደቂ-ሳብት ናብ ሞት ዘይብቅዑ ተባሂሎም እዮም ዝውሰዱ፡ ብ ጽግግዕ 15% ዝኸውን ናይ ጉንፋዕ ጸገም ዘብጽሑ እዮም 4።
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
ኮይኑ ግና ኣብ እዚ ክፍለዘመን ኣብ ቻይና ብ2003ን ኣብ ስዑድ ዓረብ ድማ ብ2012ን ዘጋጠሙ ዳሓር ድማ ናብ ዝተፈላለዩ ሃገራት ብምስፍሕፋሕ ከቢድ ሕማምን ሞትን ዘስዐቡ ብተኸታታሊ SARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ዝተብሃሉ ናይ CoVs ክልተ ሕማማት ኣጋጢሞም እዮም።
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
ስለዚ፡ እዚ እዋናዊ COVID-19 ኣብ ናይ ደቂ-ሰባት ታሪኽ እቲ ሳልሳይ ኮይኑ ዝተመዝገበ ናይ CoV ለበዳ እዩ።
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
ኣብ ​Fig.1.1 ከምዝተርኣየ ኣብ ዲሰምበር 31:2019 ዘይተፈልጠ ምንጪ ዘለዎም ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ ጉጅለታት ንመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ካብ ዉሃን ናብ ቻይና ብሄራዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኮሚሽን ጸብጽብ ቀሪቡ እዩ።
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
ድሕሪ ሸዉዓተ ማዓልትታት ናይ CoV ቅደም ሰዓብ ተገሊፁ።
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 15:2020 እቲ ናይ መጀመሪያ ሞት ካብ ውሃን ተጸብጺቡ።
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
ኣብ መጨረሻ፡ እቲ ለበዳ ናብ ጎረባብቲ ከተማታት፡ ግዝኣታትን ሃገራትን ብ ናህሪ እናተጋፈሐ ይርከብ።
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 20፡ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ወሃብቲ በቲ ረኽሲ ምጥቃዕ ተጸብጺቡ ነይሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ሰባት ናብ ሰባት ከምዝመሓላለፍ ዝጠቆመ እዩ ነይሩ።
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 23, ከተማ ዉሃን መላእ ናይ ህዝቢ መጎዓዝያ ጠጠው ብምባል ተዓጽያ ነይራ።
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
ምስ እቲ ሕማም ካብ ዘይተፈልጠ እንስሳ ከምዝተጀመረሉ ዝሕሰብ ዉሃን ዕዳጋ መሸጢ ናይ ባሕሪ እንስሳ ቀጥታዊ ርክብ ዝነበሮም ካብቶም ዝተረጋገፁ 41 ሕሙማት እቶም 21 ጥራሕ ከምዝኾኑ ኣብ 24 ጃኑዋሪ ዝተገብረ ፈላማይ ክሊኒካዊ መፅናዕቲ ገሊፁ።
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም(WHO) ኣብ ጃንዋሪ 30 ነቲ ለበዳ ዓለምለኸ ሃንደበታዊ ሓደጋ ብምባል ኣዊጁ።
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
እብ እዋን ናይ እዚ ጽብጻብ፡ እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ መላእ ቻይናን ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ኣብ ካልኦት ናብ 50 ዝጽግዑ ሀገራት ተዘርጊሑ ይርከብ (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2)።
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
እቲ ኩነታት ብቕልጡፍ እናማዕበለ ብምኻዱ ናይ እቲ ለበዳ ወሰን ክግመት ኣይከኣልን።
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 11:2020፡ ኣብ 4021 ዝተረጋገጸ ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳይ ዘልዎም ሕሙማት ዘጠቓለለ ሓዊሱ ኣብ 8866 ሕሙማት ዝተገበረ በዓል ብዙሕ ማእኸል ጽንዓት ብዛዕባ እቲ ለበዳ ዝሓሸ መግለጺ ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ኣሐዲሱ ኣቕሪቡ ኣሎ (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA)።
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
SARS-CoV-2 ንኩሉ ናይ ዕድመ ክልል ዘጥቅዕ እንትኾን ብ በዝሒ ካብ 30-65 ዓመት ንዘልዉ እዩ ዘጥቅዕ።
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
እቶም ዝተጠቕዑ ሕሙማት ኣስታት ፍርቂ (47.7%) ዝኾኑ ዕድሚኦም ልዕሊ 50 እንትኾኑ ዝተወሰኑ ድማ ትሕቲ 20 ዕድመ ዘለዎምን 14 ሕሙማት ድማ ትሕቲ 10 ዓመት እዮም።
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
SARS-CoV-2 ዝበዝሑ ኣወዳት(0.31/100,000) ካብ ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ(0.27/100,000) ኣጥቂዑ እዩ።
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
COVID-19 ኣብ ውሽጢ ሁበይን ከባቢኣን ብ ጉጅለ እዩ ተዛሚቱ።
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
COVID-19 ሕማም ካብ ዝጀመረሉ ክሳብ ዲያግኖሲስ ብማእኸላይ 5 (2-9) ማዓልትታት ይወስድ።
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
እቲ ማእኸለዋይ ናይ መፍልፈሊ ጊዜ 4.8 (3.0-7.2) መዓልቲታት እዩ።
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
እቲ ካብ ዝጅምረሉ እዋን ክሳብ ሞት ብማእኸላይ 9.5 (4.8-13) ማዓልቲታት ይወስድ
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
እቲ መሰረታዊ ናይ ምፍራይ ቁጽሪ(R0) 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05) ክኸውን እንከሎ እቲ ዝተስተኻኸለ R0 2.23-4.82 እዩ።
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
ብምኽንያት ናይ ቻይና ናይ Spring Festival (ጸደይ በዓል) ኣብ ዝነበረ ጽዑቕ ምጉዑዓዝ ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 23, 2020 በቲ ሕማም ዝተትሓዙ ሰባት ቑጽሪ ብሓይሊ ወሲኹ እዩ።
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
ናይ ዝተረጋገፁ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ናይ ሞት መጠን 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%) እንትኸዉን ኣብ ኩሎም ሕሙማት ዝተስተኻኸለ ናይ ሞት መጠን ድማ 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%) እዩ።
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
እቶም ሰለስተ ኣገደስቲ ንCOVID-19 ዘቃልዑ ነገራት ፆታ (ወዲ ተባዕታይ)፣ ዕድመ (≥60) ከምኡውን ሓያል ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ እዮም።
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
CoVs ናይ ሰንስ RNA ነፀላ ስትራንድ ዘለዎም ናይ ዓበይትን ኤንቨሎፕድን ቫይረሳት ንኡስ ስድራ እዩ።
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
ኣልፋ፣ ቤታ፣ ጋማን ደልታን ተባሂሎም ናብ ኣርባዕተ ጀነራ ይምቀሉ። ካብዚኦም ድማ ኣልፋን ቤታን-CoVs ንወድሰብ ከምዘጥቅዑ ይፍለጥ።
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
እቲ ኤንቨሎፕ ስፓይክ (S) ግላይኮፕሮቲን ምስ ናይ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (ኣንጂዮቴንሲን-ቀያሪ ኤንዛይም) ከምኡውን ምስ dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) ተቐበልቲ ብተኸታታሊ ንSARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ይጣመር። ድሕሪ እዚ ድማ ናይ መምብሬን ምጥባቕ ይቕፅል።
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
ናይ ቫይረስ RNA ጂኖም ወደ ሳይቶፕላዝም ይፍንው ፤ ናይ ቫይረስ ጂኖም ምስተራብሑ ጂኖሚክ RNA ብ ኢንቨሎፕ ግላይኮፕሮቲንን ናኖክካፕሲድ ፕሮቲንን ብሓባር ብምኻድ ምስ እቲ ቫይረስ ንምትሕውዋስ ምስ እቲ ናይ ፕላዝማ ሽፋን ይዋሃዱ።
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
እቲ ናይ መጀመሪያ ጀነቲካዊ ቅደም ሰዓብ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ጃኑዋሪ 10፡2020 እዩ ተጸብጺቡ።
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 ሓዱሽ ናይ beta-CoV ዓይነት ኮይኑ፡ ካብ እቲ መጀመሪያ እቲ ሕማም ዝተረኸብሉ ቦታ ናይ ሁናን ናይ ባሕሪ ምግቢ ዕዳጋ ዝተወሰዱ 10 ተኸታተልቲ መርኣያታት ውሽጢ 99.98% ናይ ጀነቲክ ምምስሳል ዘለዎ እዩ።
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 ካብ SaRS-CoV ንላዕሊ ምስ MERS-CoV ብጀነቲክስ ዝመሳሰል እዩ።
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
ብኤለክትሮን ማይክሮስኮፒ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ደቀቕቲ ነገራት ኣብ ናይ ወዲ ሰብ መተንፈሲ ኣካል ኤፒቴሊየም ብ ኣልትራቲን ክፍልታት ይርከብ።
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
ናይ ሰባት ACE2 ን SARS-CoV-2 ከምኡውን ን SARS-CoV ተቐበልቲ ኾይኖም ተረኺቦም ኣለዉ፡፡
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
ኮይኑ ግና ምስ SARS-CoV እንትነፃፀር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 S ፕሮቲን ምስ ናይ ሰብ ACE2 ዝላሕለሐ ጥምረት ኣለዎ። እዚ ድማ ምስ SARS-CoV እንትነፃፀር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ቀሊል ሕማም ምስ ናይ ምምፃእ ፀባዩ ዝገጣጠም እዩ።
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 ብ ወይ f3b ዝተቐመጠ ሓድሽ ኖቭል ፕሮቲን ከምኡውን ብ orf8 ዝተሓብእ ፕሮቲን ክፍጠር ይኽእል እዩ፡፡
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 orf3b ኣብ ቫይራል ሕማም ናይ ምስዓብ ተኽእሎ ከምኡዉን ናይ IFNβ; ምህርቲ ኣብ ምዕጋት ዓቢ ግደ ይፃወት orf8 ግን ክሳብ ሕዚ ዝተፈልጠ ተግባራዊ ዶሜን ወይድማ ንድፊ የብሉን።
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
ኣብ 18 ፌብሩዋሪ 2020 Zhou, et al.,ናይ ሙሉእ ቁመት ዘለዎ ሂዩማን ACE2 ኣብ 2.9 Å ሪዞሉሽን ምስ ኣሚኖ ኣሲድ መጎዓዝያ B0AT1 ክራዮ-ኢኤም ህንፀት ከምዘለዎ ገሊፁ።
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
እቲ ክፉትን ዕፅዉን ኣሰራርሓ ዘለዎ ኮምፕሌክስ ከም ዳይመር ዝተኣከበ ኮይኑ ናይ ACE2-B0AT1 ኮምፕሌክስ ምስ ክልተ S ፕሮቲናት ክጣመር ከምዝኽእል ተፈሊጡ። እዚ ድማ ንCoV ኣፍልጦን ኢንፌክሽንን መረዳእታ የቕርብ።
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኢንፌክሽን ንምዕጋት B0AT1 ተጠቒምካ ናይ መድሓኒት ምፅራይ ምክያድ የድሊ።
The origin and intermediate host
እቲ መልዓሊን ማእኸላይ ተሸካሚን
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
ክልቲኦም SARS-CoVን MERS-CoV ካብ መንካዓት ዝብገሱን ናብ ደቂ-ሰባት ድማ ብ ሲቨት ደማሙን ብ ግመልን ብቕደም ሰዓብ ከምዝተመሓላለፉ ዝፍለጥ እዩ።
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
ፋይሎጀነቲክስ ተጠቒምና SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ካልኦት CoVs እንተነፃፅሮ እዚ ሓድሽ ቫይረስ 96% ምስ ካብ ሎኻኺቶ ዝርከቡ bat-SL-CoVZX45ን bat-SL-CoVZX21ን ዝተብሃሉ ክልተ SARS-like CoVs ተመሳሳሊ ብምዃኑ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ፈላማይ ተሸካማይ ሎኻኺቶ ከምዝኾነ ተገሚቱ ኣሎ።
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ነቲ ቫይረስ ካብ ናይ ዘርኢ ሓጹር ሓሊፉ ኣብ ሰባት ረኽሲ ከስዕብ ዝገበሮ ማእኸላይ መማሓላለፊ እንታይ ከምዝኾነ ኣይተፈለጠን፡ እቲ ዝመሓላለፉሉ መስመር እውን ኣይተፈለየን።
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji, et al., ተመናት ነቲ ቫይረስ ካብ መንካዓት ናብ ሰባት ኣብምምሕልላፍ ተሸከምቲ ክኾኑ ይኸእሉ ክብል ሓሳብ ኣቕሪቡ እዚ ድማ ምስ S ፕሮቲን ናይ ሆሞሎገስ ናይ ጂናት ምውህሃድ ዘሓወሰ እዩ።
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
ኣብ ፓንጎሊን ምስ ዝተረኽበ SARS-CoV-2 99% ናይ ጀነቲክ ምምስሳል ብምህላዉ ኣብ ባህላዊ ናይ ቻይና ሕክምና ዝጠቕሙ ከም ፓንጎሊ ዝበሉ ንብዙሕ ጊዜ ዝዘልቁን ፃፀ ዝበልዑን መጥበውቲ እንስሳት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ማእኸላይ ተሸከምቲ ምዃኖም ኣብ ቻይና ናይ ጉዋንግዦው ተመራመርቲ ከምዝገለፁ ሓደ መፅናዕቲ ይሕብር።
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
ኮይኑ ግና ኣብ ክልተ ጄኖማት ናይ 1% ኣፈላላይ ንባዕሉ ዓቢ ኣፈላላይ ብምዃኑ ጭቡጥ መረዳእታ ንምጥቕላል ናይ መወዳእታ ዉፅኢት ምፅባይ የድሊ እዩ።(Fig. ​(Fig.33).
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ፊዝዮኬሚካል ፀባይ ክሳብ ሕዚ ኣይተፈልጠን።
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can survive in vitro for 48 hours in a dry environment and up to 5 days under 20 °C and 40%-50% humidity.
SARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ኣብ ኣስቃጥላ ኣብ ንቑፅ ከባቢ ን48 ሳዓታት ዝኣክል ክነብር ይኽእል ኣብ ትሕቲ 20 ዲግሪ ሰልሺየስን 40%-50% ጠሊን ድማ ንኣስታት 5 ማዓልቲታት ክነብር ይኽእል።
SARS-CoV-2 may possess similar properties.
SARS-CoV-2 ተመሳሳሊ ፀባይ ክዉንን ይኽእል እዩ።
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat at 56 °C for 30 minutes; ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, chloroform, and other fatty solvents, but not chlorhexidine, can effectively inactivate the virus.
ብSARS-CoV-2 ንኣልትራቫዮሌት ጨረራትን ናይ 30 ደቓይቕ በ 56 ዲግሪ ሴንቲ ግሬድ ናይ ሙቐት መጠን ከምዝዳኸም ጸብጻብ ተገይሩ እዩ፡፡ 75% ኢታኖል ፣ ክሎሪን-ዝሓዙ ፀረ-ተሃዋስያን መድሓኒታት ፣ ፒራክቲክ አሲድ ፣ ክሎሮፎርን ካልኦት ናይ ስብሒ ፈሰስትን፣ ግን chlorhexidine ዝኾኑ ፣ ነቲ ቫይረስ ከዳኽሙ ይኽእሉ እዮም፡፡
The entire human population generally lacks immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and hence is susceptible to the novel virus.
ደቂ ሰባት ንSARS-CoV-2 ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሞም ትሑት ብምዃኑ ንሓደሽቲ ቫይረሳት ተቓላዕቲ ይገብሮም።
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
ኣብዚ ሐዚ እዋን፡ን SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ዝህሉ ናይ ሰውነት ናይ ምክልኻል መልሲ ኣወሃባ ዝተገበረ ዝርዝር ጽንዓት ኣይተገበረን።
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
ብምዃኑ ድማ ነቶም ካልኦት CoVs ብፍላይ ዳማ ናይ SARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ሕሉፍ መጽናዕቲ ጥራሕ ኢና ክንውከስ ንኽእል(Fig. (Fig.4).4)
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
ብጠቕላላ እቲ ቫይረስ ነቲ ተሸካማይ ድሕሪ ምዉራሩ ፈለማ pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) C-type lectin-like receptors፣ Toll-like receptor (TLR)፣ NOD-like receptor (NLR)፣ and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) ሓዊስካ በቲ ናይ ተሸካማይ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ሕማም መከላኸሊ ስርዓት ዝልለ እዩ።
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
ዝተፈላለዩ መንገድታት ብምጥቃም እቲ ቫይረስ ናይ ኢንፍላማቶሪ ፋክተርስ ምፍናው፣ ዴንድራይቲክ ዋህዮታት ምምዕባል ከምኡውን ታይፕ I ኢንተርፌሮንስ (IFNs) ብምፍራይ ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ምስፍሕፋሕ ንኽቕንስ ይሕግዝ ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ኣንቲጅን ድማ ብማክሮፌጅ ይወሓጥ።
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
ናይ SARS-CoV N ፕሮቲን እቲ ቫይረስ ካብ ሕማም መከላኸሊ ስርዓት ንኸምልጥ ዝሕግዞ እዩ።
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
ኣብ እዚ ቀረባ እዋን፣ እቲ ዝተላመደ ናይ ሕማም መከላኸሊ ነቲ ቫይረስ ንምውጋእ ምስቶም ካልኦት ብምዃን ስርሑ ክጅምር እዩ።
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
ከም CD4+ን CD8+ን ዝመሳሰሉ T ሊምፎሳይት ኣብ እቲ ናይ ምክልኻል ስራሕ ዓቢ ታራ ይፃወቱ እዮም።
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
CD4 + T cell በቲ ቫይረስ ዝተትሓዙ ኣንቲቦዲ ንምምንጫው ናይ B cells የነቃቕሑ። ከምኡውን CD8 + T cell ብቐጥታ በቲ ቫይረስ ዝተትሓዙ ዋህዮታት ይቐትሉ።
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
ቲ ሄልፐር ዋህዮታት(T helper cells) ጸረ ረኽሲ ዝኾነ ሳይቶክይነስ(cytokines) ነቶም ዝከላኸሉ ዋህዮታት ንምሕጋዝ ዘፍሪ እዩ።
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ CoV ን ናይ ቲ-ዋህዮታት( T cell ) ኣስራርሓታት ኣፖፕቶሲስ(apoptosis) ብምትእትታው ከጥቅዑ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
እቲ ቫይረስ ንምዕጋት ከም C3a፣ C5aን ኣንቲቦዲታትን ዝመሳሰሉ ሂዩመራል መከላኸሊ ሕማም ኣድለይቲ እዮም።
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
ንኣብነት ካብ ዝደሓኑ ሕሙማት ዝተወስዱ ኣንቲቦዲታት ንMERS-CoV ኣዳኺሞሞ እዮም።
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
ብ ኻሊእ ወገን፡ ካብ እቲ ስርዓት መከላኸሊ ሰብነትና ዝገብሮ ካብ ዓቐን ንላዕሊ ዝኾነ ግብረ መልሲ ዝተልዓለ ብዙሕ መጠን ዘለዎ ናጻ ራዲካላት ኣብ ሳንቡእ ኣብ ካልኦት ኣካላት ሰብነትን ከቢድ ጉድኣት ከስዕቡ ዘኸእሉ ብምዃኖም ኣብ እቲ ዝገደደ ኩነታት ድማ ካብ ሓደ ንላዕሊ ዝኾኑ ኣካላት ጉድኣት ብምስዓብ ናብ ሞት እውን ከብቅዑ ዝኽእሉ እዮም።
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ረኽሲ ፡ ብ ጉጅለ ዝጀመረ ምስ ምዃኑ፡ ኣብ ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ጸገም ዘለዎም ኣረጋውያንን ጥኑሳትን ብዝበለጸ ጽልዋ ከሕድር ይኽእል።
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
ኣብ እቶም ናብ ብዙሓት ቫይረሳት ዝተጋለጹን ናይ ሰብነቶም ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሞም ዝተዳኸሙን ሰባት ካብ ካልኦት ዝለዓለ ብ ረኽሲ ናይ ምጥቃዕ ተኸእሎኦም ልሙድ እዩ።
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ መጫጭሒ እዋን ብማእኸላይ 1-14 ማዓልትታት እንትኸዉን ኣብቶም ኣብ ዉሃን ዝተረኽቡ ናይ መጀምርታ 425 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ከምዝተፀንዐ ድማ ብኣብዝሓ 3-7 ማዕልትታት እዩ ዝፀንሕ።
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
ኮይኑ ግና ኣብ 1,099 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ዝተገብረ መፅናዕቲ ናይ ኢንኩቤሽን እዋን ብማእኸላይ 3 ማዓልቲ እንትኸዉን ካብ 0 ክሳብ 24 ማዓልትታት ድማ ክፀንሕ ከም ዝኽእል ሓቢሩ።
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
ኣብ ላዕሊ ከምዝተገለፀ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ኣብ 8,866 ህዝቢ ዝተገብረ መፅናዕቲ ናይ መጫጭሒ እዋን 4.8 (3.0-7.2) ማዕልትታት ምዃኑ ገሊፁ።
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
ን ናይ ሕክምና ሰበ ስልጣን ነቲ ናይ ምውሻብ እዋን ምስ እቲ ኣዝዩ ትኽክለኛ ዝኾነ ናይ መጫጭሒ እዋን ክስተኻኸል ብምግባር ምልክት ዘየርእዩ ሕሙማት ነቲ ሕማም ናብ ካልኦት ከየመሓላልፉ ክግብሩ ኣለዎም።
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
ከም ልሙድ በቲ ቫይረስ ዝተጠቕዑ ሰባት ን14 ማዓልትታት ክዉሸቡ ይግበር።
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
እቲ ናይ ውሸባ ጊዜ ናብ 24 መዓልቲታት ክናዋሕ ኣለዎ ዶ?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
ናይ COVID-19 ፈላማይን ኣገዳሲን ምልክት ረስኒ ኮይኑ በይኑ ወይድማ ከም ደረቕ ሳዓል፣ ትንፋስ ምሕፃር፣ ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛ፣ ርእሲ ምዝዋር፣ ሕማም ርእሲ፣ ናይ ጎሮር ቃንዛ፣ ራይኖርያ፣ ናይ ደረት ቃንዛ፣ ተቕማጥ፣ ዕዉልዉል ምባልን ተምላስን ዝመሳሰሉ ካልኦት ምልክታት ሒዙ ክመፅእ ይኽእል እዩ።
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
ገለ ሕሙማት በቲ ሕማም ምስተትሓዙ ድሕሪ ሓደ ስሙን ናይ dyspnea ን / ወይ hypoxemia ምልክታት ኣርእዮም እዮም።
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
ኣብ ከበድቲ ኩነታት፡ ሕሙማት ክቢድ ናይ መተንፈሲ ጸገም ፡ ሴፕቲክ ሾክ( septic shock)፡ ሜታቦሊክ ኣሲዶሲስ(metabolic acidosis)ን ኮኣጉሎፓቲ(coagulopathy) ብቕልጡፍ የማዕብሉ እዮም።
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
ረስኒ ወይድማ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ምልክታትን ሃንደበታዊ ረስኒን ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ነቲ ሕማም ዝገልፅ ናይ ሳምባ ራጂ ዉፅኢት ዋላ ተዘይሃለወ ቅልጡፍ ዲያግኖሲስ ንምርካብ ነቲ ቫይረስ ክምርመሩ ይግባእ እዩ።
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
ኣብ መወዳእታ ወርሒ ዲሴምበር 2019 ዝተገበረ ሓደ ናይ ስነ ሕዝቢ ምርምር ከምዘርእዮ ናይ እቲ ሕማም ምልክታት ንጽጽራዊ መጠን ናይ ረስኒ 98% ፣ ናይ ደረቅ ስዓል 76% ፣ ናይ ድርቀት 55% ፣ ከምኡውን ናይ ተቅማጥ 3% ፣ ካብ ጠቕላላ ሕሙማት 8% ዝኾኑ ድማ ናይ መተንፈሲ ድጋፍ ዝደልዩ እዮም።
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
ኣብ ክልተ ናይ ቀረባ እዋን መፅናዕትታት ናይ ስድራ እኩብን ካሊእ ካብ ሓደ ምልክት ዘይብሉ ሰብ ዝተላገቡ ናይ ሰባት እኩብን ተመሳሳሊ ዉፅኢት ተረኺቡ።
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
ብተነፃፃሪ፣ ኣብ 2012 ዝተገብረ ናይ ስነ-ህዝቢ መፅናዕቲ ናይ MERS-CoV ሕሙማት ዋና ምልክታት ረስኒ (98%)፣ ደረቕ ሰዓልን (47%) ሕፅረት ምትንፋስን (55%) ምዃኖም ገሊፁ።
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
ኮይኑ ግና ካብ COVID-19 ንላዕሊ 80% ዝኾኑ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም እዮም። ብጣዕሚ ሓደገኛ ብምዃኑ ድማ ካብ ምስ COVID-19 ምስ MERS ይመሳሰል።
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
ተቕማጥ (26%) ፡ ዝቖሰለ ጉሮሮ( 21%) ኣብ ናይ MERS ሕሙማት እውን ተራእዮም እዮም።