atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
ብተወሳኺ ድማ ፣ አብ እዋናዊ ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ክትትል ኣብ ምስታፍ ዘለዉ ልምድታት ካብቶም ንናይ COVID-19 ቫይረስ ክትትል ትሑት ሓደጋ ዝርከቡን LRTIs ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ናሙና ኣብ ምውሳድ ይርከቡ።
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
እቲ ቁፅፅር ኣብ ዝተጀመረሉ ናይ መጀመርታ 2 ሰሙናት 3 ጉዳያት ለበዳ ተረኺቦም። እቲ 1 ሓድሽ ናይ ኮዲንግ ስርዓት ብምጥቃም ዝተረኽበ እንትኸዉን እቶም ዝተረፉ 2 ድማ በቲ ዝተናወሐ ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ ናሙና ዝተረኽቡ እዮም።
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
እቲ ተዘርጊሑ ዘሎ ናይ RCGP RSC ኢንፍሉወንዛ ክትትል ከም መምዘኒ ዕዉትነት ቁጽጽር ኮቪድ-19 ጌርናዮ ኣለና።
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
እቲ ዝተዘርገሐ ክትትል ጥቅሚ ሓደሽቲ ኮዳት ኣብ 3 ጸብጻብ ዝተወሃበሎም ኬዛት ርእዩ ኣሎ።
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
ቅልጡፍ ምክፍፋል ናይዚ ፕሮቶኮል ሳይንሳዊ ኣመዛዝናን ምቅርሐ ፍልጠትን ዘተባብዕ እዩ።
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
ሮያል ኮሌጅ ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ሓካይም(RCGP) ማእከል መጽናዕትን ክትትልን(RSC) ሕብረተሰብ ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ሕክምናታት(GPs) ኮይኑ ብሃገር ደረጃ ሰሙናዊ ክትትል ናይ ተላባዕቲ ሕማማት ዝውክል ሓበሬታ ዝእክብ ትካል’ዩ።
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
ናይ ሕማም ቁፅፅር መደብ ብ Public Health England (PHE) (PHE ፣ ናይ ህዝቢ ጥዕና እንግሊዝ) ዝተሰናድአ እንትኸዉን ንኢንፍሉዌንዛ ሓዊሱ 37 ተላገብቲ ሕማማት ዝሽፍን እዩ።
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
RCGP RSCን PHE ንልዕሊ 50 ዓመታት ዝተመስረተ ምትሕብባር ኣብ ኢንፍሊዌንዛን ክትትል ሕማም ምስትንፋስን ሕጂ ኣብ መበል 53 ወቕቲ ናይ ክትትልን ምርምርን ኣለዉ።
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
RCGP RSC ልዕሊ 500 ከተማውን ዘይከተማውን GPs ሰሙናዊ ልዕሊ 4 ሚሊዮን ህዝቢ ዝሽፍን ሃገራዊ ወኪል መርኣያ ሲዶኒማይዝድ ሓበሬታ የውጽእ።
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
ናይዞም ልምድታት ዳታ ብመርበብ ኢንተርኔት ተዘርጊሖም ኣለዉ፥ መጠነ-ኢንፍሉወንዛ ዝመስሉ ሕማማትን(ILI) ካልኦት ናይ ስርዓተ-ምስትንፋስን ተላባዕቲ ሕማማትን ዘጠቃልል ሰሙናዊ ጸብጻብ ዝሓዘ እዩ።
We also produce an annual report.
ዓመታዊ ጸብጻብ ውን ነቕርብ ኢና።
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
እቲ ናይ RCGP RSC እኩብ ሓበሬታ ኩሉ ዝተሰነደ ዳታን ዝተኣዘዘ ኣቑሑት ወሲኽካ ናይ ክታበት ምቅላዕ የጠቓልል።
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
RCGP RSC ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ ክትትል ኣብ ኩሉ ኢንፍሉወንዛ ወቕቲ ዘካይድ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ ናይ 2019-2020 ወቕቲ 100 ሓፈሻዊ ሓካይም ተሳቲፎም(ምስሊ 1) ።
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
እዞም ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ ሳምፕሊንግ ፕራክቲስስ ንሃገር ምሉእ ዝውክሉ’ዮም (ምስሊ 1)።
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
ጠቕላላ ሓኻይም ካብ እቶም ነቲ ምልክት ካብ ዘርኣዩሉ ኣትሒዙ ኣብ 7 ማዓልቲታት ውሽጢ ናይ ከቢድ ናይ ስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ዘርእዩ ሰባት ናይ ጎሮሮ ናሙና ይወስዱ እዮም።
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
ናይ ኣፍንጫን ሶርኖን ስዎባት ካብ 5 ዓመት ንታሕቲ ኮይኖም ብርቱዕ ምልክታት ሕበጥ ጉርጉማ ካብ ዘርኣዩ ኢዮም ተወሲዶም።
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
ብተወሳኺካብ ምልክታት ILIን ረስፒራቶሪ ስንሲትያል ቫይረስ ዘርእይ ዝሆነ 5ን ልዕሊኡን ዝዕድሚኡ ሰብ ናይ ኣፍንጫን ሶርኖን ሳምፕላት ኵሰድ ይከኣል።
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
ስዎብስ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ኣዎንታዊ መጠንን ተዘዋዋሪ ጸቕጢ ንምቁጽጻርን ከምኡ ውን ንምዕቃን ውጽኢታውነት ናይ ክታበትን ኣብ PHE ናይ ምስትንፋስ ክፍሊ ቫይረስ ይዕቀን።
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
እቲ RCGP RSC ዕዉት ዝኾነ ሴሬሎጅያዊ መርኣያታት ካብ እኹላት ሰባት ናይ ምእካብን ናብቲ ናይቶም ሕሙማት ሕክምናዊ ጸብጻብ ኣብ ግዜ ናይ 2018-2019 ናይ ኢንፍልዌንዛ ወቅቲ ናይ ምትሓሓዝን ፈተነ ተኻይዱ።
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
እዚ መባእታዊ መጽናዕቲ ምስ PHE ሴሮኢፒደሞሊጂ ክፍሊ ብስምምዕ ዝተኻየደ ኮይኑ ነቲ ዝነበረ ካብ ላባራቶሪታት ብሄራዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኣልግሎት(NHS) ናብ PHE ዘእተውዎ ናይ ደም መርመራ ሳምፕላት ወሲኹሉ።
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
ሴሮሎጂ ብዛዕባ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ሓፋሽ ድሕረባይታ ኣገዳሲ ሓበሬታ ይህብ፣ ከምኡ’ውን ሰንቲኔል ኔትዎርክታት ብስሩዕ ዳታ ንምእካብን ምስ ሕክምናዊ ሰነዳትን ውጽኢት ሕክምናን ንምትእስሳርን ይጠቅም።
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
አቲ መፈተኒ ሰሮሎጂ ክእለት ናይ ስነ-መርበብ መርኣያ ሰሮሎጂ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ገሊጹ።
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
ምስ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ምፍጣር ዝተተሓሓዘ፣ PHEን RCGP RSCን COVID-19 ኣብ እቲ ማሕበረሰብ ንከይስፋሕፋሕ እቲ ዝነበረ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ክትትል ተጠቒሞም፣ እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ድማ ነቲ ትሕብብር መሰረት ኮይኑ።
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
እቲ ን COVID-19 ለበዳ ዝኾን ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ብሄራዊ ስትራቴጂ፣ ነቶም ኣብ ዓብዪ ብርኪ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ብ ናይ NHS111 ናይ ስልኪ ሓገዝ ስርዓትን ብ ናይ PHE ጉጅለ ሓለዋ ጥዕናናን ክትትል ብምግባር ምቁጽጻር እዩ፣ ይኹን እምበር ናይ RCGP RSC ክትትል ድማ መሊኡ ዝተፈለየ እዩ።
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
ስርሑ ብምስፋሕ RCGP RSC ግዚኣውን ጆግራፋውን ዝርግሐ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኮም ንምቁጽጻርን፡ ዓወት ናይ ቁጽጽር ስትራተጂታት ንምምዛንን ቫይሮሎጂክን ሴሮሎጂክን ክትትል የካይድ ኣሎ።
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
እዚ መጽናዕቲ ተነጺልና ኣይኮናን ንሰርሖ።
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ምስ መሳርሕትና ኣብ UKን ብEU Horizon 2020 ዝምወል I-MOVE consortiumኣብ ትሕቲ “ኣንጻር ለበዳ ኮሮናቫይረስ ዘለና ናይ ሕክምናን ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ዓቕምን ፍልጠትን ምድንፋዕ” ዝብል ጭርሖ።
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
ኣብ ፕሮጀክት ማናጅመንት ዝበለፀ ዉፅኢታዉነት ዝርከብ ብሓባር ብምስራሕ እምበር ሃገራት በበይነን ብዘካይድኦ ስራሕ ኣይኮነን።
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
ናየ እዚ ምርምር ቐንዲ ዕላማ ዘይተመርመረ ናይ COVID-19 ኣብ ሕብረተሰብ ምልባድን ምምሕልላፍን ከምዘሎን ከምዘየለን ንምፍላይን ናይ እቲ ማሕበረሰብ ጊዝያውን ከባብያውን ብCOVID-19 ናይ ምቅላዕ ቑጽጽር ንምግባር እዩ።
The objectives of this study are as follows:
ዕላማታት ናይዚ መጽናዕቲ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኢዮም።
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
ንምቁጽጻር ሰከም ናይ ጥርጡራት COVID-19 ኣብ ሕብረተሰባዊ ንጥፈታቶም ብቐዳማይ ክትትል ሓገዝን ክሊኒካዊ ምስራሕ ኮድን ተኽእሎ ዘለዎምን ናብ ናይ መዕቆሪ መንገዲ ዝተወከሱን ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት።
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
ህላወን ዝርግሐን ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኮም ዘርእዩ ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ መርትዖታት ምቅራብን፡ ኣብ መንጎ ILI ወይ ኣኪዩት ናይ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ረኽሲ ዘለዎም ናይ ኣወንታዊ ውጽኢት መርመራታት ብዝሖም ኣብ ምቁጻር
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
መባእታዊ ብኮቪድ-19 ናይ ምልካፍ ተኽእሎታት ንምትንታንን መጠነ-መልከፍቲ ካብ ምልክታት ዘለዎምን ዘይብሎምን ብሴሮፕሪቫለንስ ምክትታልን
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
ኣተገባብራ ውጥን ንምእካብ ናይ መሕወይ ሰራ ምስ ታሪኽ ጸረ-ኣካል ካብ COVID-19 ሓውዮም ምስ ሕብረተሰብ ናይ ዝተሓወሱ ኬዛት ንምፍታን።
We intend to capture the following.
ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ክንሕዝ ንሕልን።
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
እቶም ምስ ናይ COVID-19 ንቶም ጉድያት ለበዳ ንምፍላይ ዝተፈጠሩ ኮዳት ፀብፃብ ዝተዛመደ ክሊኒካዊ ናይ ስራሕ ፅዕንቶ፣ እቶም ዝተገምገሙን እቲ ረኽሲ ዝርከበሉ ቦታን ክወጹ ተግይሮም እዮም። (Figures 2-​-44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
ኣብ ዝሓለፈ 28 መዓልታት ዝተበጽሑ ወጻኢ ሃገራት
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
ጥቕሚ ክህልዎም ዝኽእሉ ሐዚ ዘለዉ ኮዳት (Tables 1-​-3).3)
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
እቶም ኣብዝሓ ጠቕላላ ሓኻይምን መባእታዊ ክንክን ዝህቡ ጉጅለታትን ጠቓሚ ዳታ ኮድ ክግበር ከምዝከኣል ኣፍልጦ የብሎምን።
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
ኣብ ዝኾነ ናይ ለበዳ ግዜ ውጺታውነት ናይ ዝኾነ ምትሕልላፍ ምቁጽጻር ስጉምትታት ናይ ምክትታል ተኽእሎ ኣሎ።
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
ዘተኣማምን ናይ ፊደላት ኣወጻጽኣ ኮድን ውጽኢት ምርመራታትን ረኽሲ ከምዝተረጋገጸ ወይ ከምዝተወገደ ከርኢ ኢዩ።
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
እዞም መንገድታት ነቲ ኣብ እቲ እዋናዊ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ክትትል ስርዓትን ነቲ ናይ ቀረባ እዋን ናይ ሴሮሎጂ መፅናዕትን ዝስዕቡ ኮይኖም ሓሙሽተ ኣካላት ድማ የጠቓልሉ። (1)ናይ ቀዳማይ ደረጃ ናይ ሕክምና ክሊኒካዊ ክትትል (2) ናይ ቫይረስ ክትትል (3) ህዝባዊ ናይ ሴሮሎጂ ክትትል (4) ናይ ዝተፈወሱ ሴራ ኣብ ጉዳያት ለበዳ (5) ናይ ዳታ ኣተሓሕዛን እዮም።
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS ኣብ ዓመት ክልተ ግዜ ጥራሕ ዝሕደስ Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) ዝበሃል ኮድ ይጥቀም።
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
ገለ ኮምፒውተራይዝድ ሕክምናዊ መዝገብ ኣቕረብቲ (CMR) ኮድ ናይ ምንባብ ስርዓት (ናይ ሕክምና ስምምዕነት ሕታም 3 ኣንብቡ - CTv3), ተሓዲሱ ዘይፈልጥ ስለዝጥቀሙ ሕልኽላኻት ተወሲኹ ኔሩ።
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
ብተወሳኺ ድማ፣ ኣብ መጀመሪያታት ፌብሩዋሪ 2020 ን COVID-19 ንምምዝጋብ ዘኽእሉ ናይ ክሊኒክ ኮዳት ኣይነበሩን።
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
ስለዚ፣ እቶም ክልተ ናይ GP ቀንዲ ኣቕረብቲ ስርዓት ኣብ ሰንጠረዥ 4 ተራእዮም ንዘለዉ ሓሙሽተ ረቛሒታት ከም ስርዓተ-ለኻዊ ናይ ውሽጢ ኣገባብ ኣጠቓሊሎሞም ኢዮም።
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
ናይ UK ሃንደበታዊ ናይ SNOMED CT ን COVID-19 ዝምልከት ፅንሰ ሓሳብ ፍነወ፣ ኣብ ኩሎም ናይ CMR ስርዓታት ንኽርከቡ ተገይሩ እዩ(Table 4)።
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
እቲ ዕላማ፣ እዚ ኣብ መወዳእታ ምስ እቲ ሓድሽ ናይ SNOMED CT ጽንሰ ሓሳብ ምርኻብ እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ ዝተተሓሓዙ ዳታታት( Multimedia Appendix 1) ንምምዝጋብ ዘኸእል እዩ።
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
ነዚ ፈነወ እዚ እቶም ቁልፊ ዝበሃሉ ሮቑሓታት፣ ን ናይ COVID-19 ጉዳይ ለበዳ ኮድ ናይ ምግባር (Table 4) ተኸእሎ፣ ናይ ረኽሲ ተቓላዕነት ሓደጋ(ናብ ዝኸበዳ ሓደጋ ክህልወሉ ዝኽእል ቦታ ጉዕዞ ምግባር)፣ ምስ ዝኾነ ብ COVID-19 ረኽሲ ዝተጥቕዐ ርክብ ምህላው፣ ሓደ ሰብ COVID-19 ዝነበሮ ምዃኑ ዘርኢ ጸብጻብን እቲ ሕማም ከምዝተወገደ( ምናልባት ኔጋቲቭ ናይ ምርመራ ውጽኢት) እዮም።
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
ብተወሳኺ ዝኾነ ናይ ወጻኢ ጉዕዞ ዋላ’ውን ንብዙሓት ሃገራት እንተኾነ እዋናዊ ልምድታት ናይ ምምዝጋብ ዓቅሚ ኣለዎም(ብፌብሩዋሪ 8 2020 ዝተተግበረ)።
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Figures 2-​-44 ናይ EMIS ናይ መረብ ሓበሬታ መስርሕ የርእይ
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
ኣብዚ እዋን ንምክትታል ኢንፍሉወንዛ ዝምልከቱ ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ ሳምፕላት ብናይ ሓተታ ወረቀት ተሰንዮም ይመጹ።
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
ን COVID-19፣ ነዚ ዝስዕብ ዝምዝግብ ሓድሽ ናይ መጠይቕ ቅጥዒ ክንፈጥር ኢና
Date of onset of symptoms
ናይ ሕማም ምልክት ዝተርኣየሉ ናይ መጀምርታ መዓልቲ
Diagnosis of any of the following:
ካብ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ሕማማት ዘለዎም፡
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
ኣብ ትሕቲ ሓሙሽተ ዝዕድሚኦም ሃንደበታዊ ብሮንካይትስ/ብሮንክዮላይተስ
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
ረኽሲ ታሕተዋይ ክፋል ስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ(LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
ናይ ረስኒ ታሪኽ(እወ/ኣይፋል)፥ ተዓቂኑዶ(እወ/ኣይፋል)፥ መልሲ እወ እንተኾይኑ፡ መጠን ረስኒ
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
ሕጽረት ትንፋስ(እወ/ኣይፋል) እንተተዓቂኑ፥ ኦክስጅን ሳቹሬሽንን መጠነ ትንፋስን
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
ናይ ቀረባ እዋን ጉዕዞ (Y/N)፣ እወ እንተኮይኑ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ 14 መዓልትታት ዝበጽሕዎም ሃገራት።
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
COVID-19(Y/N) ከምዘለዎ ምስ ዝተረጋገፅ ሰብ ርክብ ዝነበሮ ብነፃ መስመር ስልኪ መልእኽቲ ምልኣኽ ይኽእል እዩ።
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
እዞም ኮዳት ብስነ-ህላዌኣዊ ጉጅለ፣ ብናትና መለክዒ ኣቀራርባ ናይ ኮዳት ኣጎጃጅላን መሰረት (ሰንጠረዥ 5)፣ “ዉሱን ተኽእሎ ዘለዎ”፣ “ተኽእሎ ዘለዎ” ን “ኩነት ዘይኮነን” ተባሂሎም፣ ከምቲ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ኣብ መዳያት ሕማማት ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዝውዕል ዝነበረ ክምቀሉ ኢዮም።
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
ናይ RCGP RSC ILI መግለጺ ኣብ ማልቲሚድያ ኣፐንዲክስ 2 ይርከብ።
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
ኣቀራርባ ዳታ ንሓፋሽ ብመልክዕ ኦብዘርቫቶርን ዳሽቦርድን
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
ብደረጃ ሃገር ሓበሬታ ንምቕራብን መቆጻጸሪ ንመልሲ ናይ ትግባረታት ብዛዕባ ጽፈት ሓበሬታታቶምን ምእካብ ናይ ስነ-ቫይረስን ሰሮሎጂ መርኣያታትን ዝኸውን መዐዘቢታት ከነማዕብል ኢና።
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
እዚ ብመሰረት ኣብ Table 4 ዝተጠቕሰ ኮድ ኣዋህባ እዩ።
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
ዝተረጋገጹ ሕሙማት ኣብቲ ዳሽቦርድና ከም ናይ ኮቪድ-19 “ኬዝስ” ክቀርቡ’ዮም።
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
ጥርጡራት ኣብ ትሕቲ “ትሕቲ መርመራ” ዝብል ቅጽል ክግለጹ’ዮም ( ኣብ ምርመራ)።
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
“ሕሙም ኣይኮነን” ከም “ዘይቁጸር” ክብሃል እዩ።
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
ቀጥታ መስመራዊ ሓበሬታ ኣብተን ቀዳሞት ዉሑዳት ሰሙናት ትዕዝብቲ ናይ COVID-19 ተመስሪቱ ኔሩ (ምስሊ 5)፣ ንሓፈሻዊ ቁጽሪ ሕሙማትን መጠን ኣብ ነብሲ ወከፍ 100,00 ኬዛት ዝተረጋገጹ ወይ ኣብ ምርመራ ዘለዉ ሕሙማትን፣ ከምኡ ውን እቲ ቫይረስ ዝተወገደሉን ብምጥቕላል።
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
እዚ ቁፅፅር ኣብ ሰሙን ክልተ ሻዕ ንምክያድን ፀኒሕካ ድማ ኣብ ማዓልቲ ሓደ ሻዕ ፀብፃብ ንምዉፃእን ይሕሰብ።ነዚ ክትትል እዚ ናብ ኣብ ሰሙን ክልተ ግዘ ጸብጻባት ዝግበረሉ ናይ ምውሳድ መማረጺ ኣለና፣ ናብ ዕለታዊ ጸብጻብ ክቕየሩ ዝኽእሉሉ ዕድል ድማ ክህሉ እዩ።
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
ከም ወቕታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ምንቁልቋል ኢልና ካብ ምጉዳል ካብቲ ናትና ሰንቲነል ትግባረታት ናይ ስነ-ቫይረስ መርኣያ ክንቅጽል ኢና።
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
ብተወሳኺ፣ ብዙሕ ክትትል ትግባረታት ክንምልምል ኢና።
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
ናይ RCGP RSC ቫይሮሎጂ ልምምዳት ካብ መላእ ናይ RCGP RSC ሴንቲነል መርበብ፣ካብ ኩሉ ናይ ዕድመ ክልል ኣብ ሓደ ሰሙን ካብ 200-300 ዝኣክል ናይ ጎሮሮ ናሙና ንምውሳድ ዝዕልም እዩ።
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
ካብ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ቫይሮሎጂ ክትትል ጥርናፈ((ILI, ከቢድ ብሮንካይትስ/ብሮንካይሊቲስ)) ሮቑሓ ብተወሳኺ፣ እቲ ምልክት ዝተርኣየሉ መዓልቲ ንውሓት 7 መዓልቲ ኾይኑ፣ ካብቶም ዝኾኑ ከበድቲ LRTI ምልክታት ዘርኣዩ ሰባት፡ ናይ ልምምዳት ናይ ጉሮሮ ናሙናታት ክውሰድ እዩ።
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
ናይ RCGP RSC ናይ መጽናዕቲ ሓለፍትን ናይ ትግባረ ጉጅለ መኮንናትን ጠቕላላ ሃገራዊ መፈተኒ ካብ 200-300 ስዎፕ ሰሙናዊ ንምርካብ ንትግባረታት ክኣልዩ ኢዮም።
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
እዚ ከኣ ተመራመርቲ PHE ዝያዳ ሳምፕላት ምስዘድልዮም ክውስኽ ይኽእል’ዩ።
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
እቶም ካብ ሕድሕድ ልምምድ ዝተኣከቡ ናሙናታት ናብ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ናይ ዕድመ ክልላት ክብተኑ እዮም፡ ናብ 5 ዓመት, ናብ ካብ 5-17 ዓመታት, ናብ ካብ 18-64 ዓመታትን ካብ 65 ዓመታት ዝለዓሉን
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
ዝተኣከቡ መፈተኒታት(ስዎብን ሲረምን) እቀዲሙ ብዝተኸፍለ ደብዳቤታት ናብቲ ቅኑዕ ኣድራሻ ናይ PHE ላባራቶሪ ንምርመራ ክስደድ ኢዩ።
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
ኩሎም ዝተኣከቡ መርኣያታት ንህላውነት ኢንፍሉዌንዛን COVID-19ን ክምርመሩ ኢዮም።
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
ብተወሳኺ PHE ብፌብሩዋሪ 2020 ዝተወስዱ ናይ ኢንፍሉወንዛ ቫይሮሎጂ ሳምፕላት ንኮቪድ-19 ንድሕሪት ብምምላስ ክምርምር እዩ።
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
ትግባረታት ናብ ሓደጋ ናይ ረኽሲ ንዘለዉ ሰባትን ኣብ ክንዲ ብኣካል ኣብቲ ትግባረ ዝሳተፉ ኣብቲ ናይ ምዕቃብ መንገዲ ክሕበሩ ዘለዎም ናይ PHE COVID-19 ፕሮቶኮል ኢዮም ዝኽተሉ።
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
ቀጥታዊ ምርመራ ናይቶም መጥባሕቲ ዝገበሩ ፍቑድ ኮይኑ ክጸንሕ ኢዩ፣ ኮይኑ ግና ኣብ ገዛ ዝኸውን ነብሰ-ስዎቢንግ ኣጠቓሊልና ኣሎና።
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
ናይ እዞም ከይድታት መጠቓለሊ ኣብ Multimedia Appendix 3. ብዝርዝር ይርከብ።
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
ILI ወይ ረኽስታት ስርዓት-ምስትንፋስ ዘለዎ ሰብ ምስ ሓኪሙ ክራኸብ እንተኾይኑ(ንኣብነት ብቴሌፎን ቆጸራ ብምግባር)፡ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ንቻይና ወይ ካልኦት ኣብ ናይ PHE መጠንቀቅታ ሊስታ ዘለዉ ሃገራት ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ እንተልይዎ ወይ ድማ COVID-19ምስዘለዎም ሰባት ርክብ እንተነይርዎም ክሕተቱ ኣለዎም።
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
ኣዎንታዊ ናይ ክትትል ሕቶታት ምስዝርከብ፡ ሕሙማት ናብ ሕክምና ካብ ምምጻእ ነቲ ናይ PHE flow sheet መምርሒ ክክተሉ ይምከር።
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
እዚ ኸኣ ኣብ ውልቀሰባዊ ናይ ትግባረ ፕሮቶኮል ብምምርኳዝ ብተቐበልቲ ወይ ክሊኒካዊ ኣባላት ክኸውን ኢዩ።
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
ኮድ ናይዘን ጻውዒታት ኣብ GP CMR system ተመዝጊበን ከም ክፋል RCGP RSC ሰሙናዊ ጸብጻብ ክቀርብ እዩ።
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
ኮዲንግ ንምድጋፍ ንስልጠና ዝጠቅም መሳርሒታት ኣዳሊና ኣለና (ማልቲሚድያ ኣፐንዲክስ 4)።
These include prompt cards for:
ዝርዝር ጥቅሞም ቀጺሎም ዝተገልጹ ትግባረ ካርድታት የጠቃልሉ፥
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
ናይ ኣቀባብላ ልምምድ ወይ ናይ ትሪያጅ ሰራሕተኛ፡ብመሰረት ናይ PHE ምኽሪ ዝኾነ ሃንደበታዊ ናይ ስርዓተ ምስትንፋ ረኽሲ ምልክት ዘርአየን ናብ ኣገደስቲ ቦታት ዝተገበረ ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘለዎን ሕሙም እንትድዉል ኮድ ምግባር
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
ኮድ ዝገብሩ ናይ ምሕደራ ስታፍ ወይ ሰራሕተኛታት ሕክምና፥ ውጽኢታት መርመራ ናይ ጥርጡራትን ኣሉታዊ መርመራታትን ዝሓዘ ኮድ ብውሕልነት ንምምላእ ዘተባብዕ
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ ክትትል ልምድታት ካብ ዝኾነ ናይ ደም መርመራ ክገብሩ ዝመጹ ሰባት ሳምፕላት ናይ ምውሳድ ዕድል ይፈጥር።
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
ንተደጋጋሚ መርመራ ደም ዝሳተፉ ሕሙማት ንሰሮሎጂ ዝኸውን ተወሳኺ መፈተኒ ከቕርቡ ክሕተቱ ኢዮም።
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
ብዝሒ ውጽኢት ናይ ደም መርመራታት(FBC)ን መጠኖም ኣብ ዓበይትን ህጻናትን ኣብ ናይ RCGP RSC ዳታቤዝ ብምድላይ ዝተረኽበ’ዩ(ስእሊ 6-9).9)።
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC ሓደ ካብቶም ዝተሰርሑ ልሙዳት ምርመራታት ኢዩ፣ ብተወሳኺ እዚ ተቐራራቢ ሓበሬታ ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ቁጽሪ ዝተኻየዱ ምርመራታት ደም ክህብ ኢዩ ኢልና ተስፋ ንገብር።
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
እቲ መጠን መርኣያ፣ ኣብ ነፍስወከፍ 100,000 ሕሙማት ካብ 15-17 ንዝዕድሚኦም ቖልዑን 60 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ዓበይትን ዝለዓለ ኔሩ፣ እቲ ዝተሓተ መጠን ኣብ ቖልዑ 0-4 ዕድመ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ድማ 18-29 ኢዩ (ምስሊ 6--99)።
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
ንኩሉ ዕድመ ዝውክሉ ዘይምቅሩሕ ዝርግሐ ዘለዎም 1000 መባእታዊ ሴሮሎጂ ሳምፕላት ከነቅርብ ኢና።
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
ብተወሳኺ ነዚኦም ኩሎም ዝበለጸ ውጽኢት ንምምጻአ ብስነ-ቫይረሳዊ ትግባረታት ክንፍትኖ ኢና።
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
PHE ጠቐምቲ ዝበሃሉ ሴሮሎጂ ኣብ ዝእከበሎም ቦታታት ንኽመክር ጽቡቕ ዝኾነ ናይ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ዝርጋሐ ኣድላዪ እዩ።
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
እዚ ድማ ወርሓዊ ብ800 መርኣያታት ክስዕብ ኢዩ።
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
እዞም ሳምፕላት ንቅድመ ለብዒ መጽናዕቲ 200 ናሙናታት ክሕዙ ክግበሩ እዮም (100 ብወርሒ) ኣብ ዝስዕቡ ናይ ዕድመ ክሊ፡ 5 ዓመታት፣ 5-17 ዓመታት፣ 18-64 ዓመታት፣ 65 ዓመታት ወይ ልዕሊኡ።
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
ንኣሽቱ ሕሙማትን፡ ማለት ትሕቲ 14 ዕድመ፡ ትሕቲ 8 ዕድመ ህጻናትን ናይ ትሕቲ ዕድመ ሴሮሎጂ ክትትል የድልዮም’ዩ።
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
ናይ ቐረባ ጊዜ ጉዕዞን ንCOVID-19 ናይ ምቅላዕ ኩነታትን ንምምዝጋብ ሓድሽ ናይ ሕቶ ቅጥዒ ክነዳሉ ኢና።
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
ኮንቫልሰንት ሰሮሎጂ ናይ ዝተረጋገጹ ሕሙማትን ኣብ ግዜ መልከፍቲ ኣኲት ቫይሮሎጂ ሳምፕላት ዝተወስደሎም ሰባትን ንምእካብ ዝሕግዝ ሜላ ክንፈጥር ኢና።
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
አዚ ነቶም ካብቲ ቫይረስ ነጻ ዝኾኑ ዝሓወዩን ግን ከኣ ምንጽልላው ናይቲ ቫይረስ ክቕጽሉ ዝኽእሉ ሕሙማት ናይ ስራሕ ኩነታት ንምልላይ ኢዩ።
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
ዉሑድ ቁጽሪ ዘለዎም ግዳያት ምስዝህልዉ፣ እዚ ሕሙማት ናይ ገዛእ ርእሶም GP ክወስዱ ዘኽእሉን ንተቐባልነት ናይ ሕሙማት ዝድህስስ ናይ መመርመሪ ናውቲ ንምምዕባል ክሕግዝ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
ብደረጃ ሃገር ልዑል ቁጽሪ ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት ምስዝህሉ፣ ናይ ምምሕያሽ መር ኣያታት ዝተረጋገጹ ኬዛት ካብ ዘለዎም ትግባረታት RCGP RSC ክእከብ ይኽእል ኢዩ፣ ምስቲ ምሉእ ሕክምናዊ መዝገብ ናይ ምትሕሓዝ ክእለት ዘለዎም።
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
እዚ መስርሕ እዚ ምምርማር ናይ ሓሶት ኣስማት ቁጽርታት NHS ንዝሓመሙ ውልቀ ሰባት ኣብ ናይ RCGP RSC ልምምዳት፣ ምፍታን እዋናዊ ናይ PHE መምርሒ ንኣገዳስነት ናይ ተላባዕነትን ንዝተረጋገጹ ኬዛትን፣ ነቲ ሕሙም ብመሰረት ኣቐዲሙ ዝተጠቕሰ መስርሕ ቆጸራ ምሃብን ከጠቓልል ይኽእል።
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
እዚ ብደረጃ ሃገር ብስነ-መርበብ ብጥንቃቐ ምውህሃድ ይደሊ ብተወሳኺ PHE ውልቀ ሰባት ብብዙሓት ትካላት ንኸይርከቡ ከረጋግጸሉ ክሓትት ይኽእል ኢዩ።
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
PHE ጠለብ ኣብ ዘቅረበሉ እዋን RCGP RSC ድልዱል ባይታ ክፈጥር ኣለዎ።
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
ትግባረታት RCGP RSC ኣብቲ ዓመታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ስነ-ቫይረስ ክትትል ዝሳተፉ ምልክታት LRTI ካብ ዘርኣዩ ሕሙማት ምፍታን ጀሚሩ ኣሎ።
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
ኩሎም ዝተኣከቡ ናሙናታት ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛን ናይ COVID-19ን ምርመራ ይግበረሎም ኣሎ።
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
እቲ RCGP RSC ናይ መሕወይ መርኣያታት ካብ ዝኾኑ ብስነ-ቫይረሳዊ ክትትል ሕሙማት COVID-19 ምዃኑ ዝተመርመሩ ሰባት ናይ ምእካብ መንገዲ ክድህስስ ኢዩ።
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
ንቐፃሊ ክንጥቀመሉ ብምሕሳብ ካብ መጀመርታ ዳታ ብጥንቃቐ ክስራሕ ይግባእ።
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
ናይ ሕክምና ዳታና ምስ ስነ-ቫይረሳት ዝተኣሳሰረ’ዩ።
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
እቲ ተረካቢ፣ ክብጻሕ ዝኽእል፣ ሓበሬታ ምልውዋጥን ተመሊሶም ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዝውዕሉ ኣገባባትን ተጠቂምና ኢና ሓበሬታና ኪውሬት ንገብር።
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
ነዚ ንምቅልጣፍ ናትና ናይ መረዳእታ እኩብ ምስ Health Data Research UK( ናይ UK ጥዕና መረዳእታ ምርመራ) ከምኡዉን ናይ European Health Data Evidence Network (ኣዉሮፓ ጥዕና መረዳእታ መርበብ) ሓቢሩ ተቐሚጡ እዩ።
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
ናይ ብብዝሒ ዝርግሐ ለበዳ ፖሊሲ በዚ ስታቲስቲካል ሜቶዶሎጂ ዝድገፍ ኮይኑ፡ ኣንጻር ዝቀላቀሉ ለብዒታት ዘይመድሃኒታዊ ሜላታት(NPIs) ብምጥቃም ነዚ ሕማም ምጉዳል ዘጠቃለለ’ዮ።
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
ዕላማ ናይዚ ፖሊሲ ኣብቲ ህዝቢ ናይ መጠነ ምትንኻፍ ንምቅናስን ተላባዕነት ቫይረስ ንምጉዳልን’ዩ።
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
ነዚ ንምትግባር መንግስቲ UK ድሌት ናይ ሕብረተሰብ ነብሰ ምውሻብ ስጉምትታት ኣነጺሩ ኣሎ።
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
ኣብ ብዝሒ መልከፍቲ(R)(ማለት ካብ ሓደ ሕሙም ዝተለኽፉ ቁጽሪ ሕሙማት) ብምትኳርን ነR ናብ ትሕቲ 1 ብምውራድን፡ እዚ ፖሊሲ ብዝሒ ሕሙማት ናብ ዝተሓተ ደረጃ ከውርድን (ከምቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ለበዳታት ሳርስን ኢቦላን ከምዝተገብረ) ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ናይ ምትሕልላፍ ተኽእሎ ከጉድልን ይጽዕር።
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
ብመሰረት ካብ እቲ ኣብ 2009 ዘጋጠመ ናይ H1N1 ለበዳ ተሞክሮ፣ NPIs ናይ እዚ ለበዳ ምቕናስ ቐንዲ ክፋል ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
ናይ መፅናዕትና ዋና ትኹረት ኣብ ህዝቢ ዘጋጠሙ ጉዳያት ለበዳ እቲ ዝለዓለ ቁፅሪ ንምፍላጥን ዳታ ብምእካብ ቀፃሊ ዝኾነ ቁፅፅር ንምክያድን ከምኡዉን ኣብ ቀፃሊ እዋን ናይ ምፍንታት ሕጊ ምልሕላሕ እንትጅምር ንዘጋጥሙ ሓደሽቲ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ከመይ ምክልኻል ከምዝከኣል ንምፍላጥ እዩ።
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
ኣብ ቻይና ለበዳ COVID-19 መሰረት ዝገበሩ ኣድለይቲ ዝበሃሉ ናይ ኢፒደሞሎጂ ጽሑፋት ኣብ ሕትመት ይርከቡ።
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
ተወሳኺ መሰረታዊ ስጉምቲ ኣብ ምንቅስቓስ ለበዳ ንውሓት ግዜ ካብ መልከፍቲ ክሳብ እቲ ሰብ ንኻልኦት ከላብዕ ዝኽእለሉን አቲ ዕምሪ ናይቲ ልኽፈትን ኢዩ።
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
እዞም ረቛሒታት ብትትኽክል እንተተገምጊሞም ጽቡቕ ትንበያ ተኽእሎ ንውሓት ግዜ ናይዚ ለበዳ ክህቡ ኢዮም፣ እቲ መወዳእታ ቁጽሪ ናይ ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት።
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Bayesian inference(ABC) ናብ (ብከፊል ሄትሮጂነስ ክኸውን ናብ ዝኽእል) ተጋላጺ-ዝቃላዕ-ተላባዒ-ዝተለዓለ (SEIR) ብምውሳኽ ስቶካስቲክ ኢፒደሚክ ሞዴላት ንምልዋጥ ንእምት።
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
እዞም ተክኒካት ብቐሊሉ ኣብ ተግባር ክውዕሉ ዝኽእሉ እንትኾኑ ኣብ ናይ መልከፍቲ ሞዴል እውን ሓዊሱ ኣብ ብዙሕ ቦታታት ኣብ ተግባር ክውዕሉ ክኢሎም።
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
ብፍላይ ድማ ከጋጥም ናይ ዝኽእለሉ ዕድል ኣብ ዘይብሉ ኩነት ወይ ባህላዊ ልምድታት ከም Markov chain Monte Carlo ኣብ ዘይሰርሐሉ ኩነት ይጠቅሙ።
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
ከምዚ ዓይነት ኣሰራርሓ ኣብ ASPREN ናይ ክትትል ዳታ፣ ኣብ ILI ዘይተፈለጠ ሓበሬታ ሪፖርት ዝገብሩ ናይ GPን ነርስታትን ኔትዎርክ ከምኡውን ካልኦት ኩነታታት፣ ከም ዝጠፍአ ዳታን ናይ ክትትል ከይዲ ሞዴል ናይ ምግባር ኣድላይነትን እውን ብዓወት ተዛዚሙ እዩI።
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
ብምቅጻል ላዕለዋይ ጥርዚ ናይ ሓደሽቲ መልከፍትታት ብዲስትሪቡሽናል ሜላታት ይግምገም ኣሎ።
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
ኣብ ናይ SEIR ሞዴል መለክዒታት ብ parallelizability(ተማዓዳውነት) ምኽንያት ዓብዪ ናይ ዳታ እኩብ ብቐሊሉ ምቁፅጻር ይከኣል እዩ። እዞም ሜላታት ድማ ኣብ ኣብዛሓ R ላይብረሪታት ተተግቢሮም ይርከቡ።በቢሰሙኑ ናይ ለበዳ ስጉምቲታት ንምትንባይ፣ ነቶም ኣብ GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) ከምኡዉን abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) ዝተዓቀቡ ናይ ABSEIR ላይብረሪታት ንምጥቃም ዓሊምና ኣለና።
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
ቅዲ SIR-ለበዳ ብናይ ABC ኣሰራርሓ ንኽተል ክሳብ ዝሃለና ውጺታትና ካብቲ ብኣንጻር ናይቲ ሰሙናዊ ጉዳይ ሓበሬታ ካብ ዝነበረ ዉሑድ ጽብጻብ ብተዛማዲ ዝደልደለ ክኸውን ንትስፎ።
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
ን ኣብነት፣ ኣብ እቲ ናይ 1967 ናይ Tristan da Cunha ሰዓል ተግባራዊ ዝተተግበረ ናይ ABC ሜላ/መንገዲ ውሽጢ ክንርኢ እንከለና፣ ናይ I(ናይ ረኺሲ ጉዳያት ቁጽሪ) ን R(ናይ ዝሓወዩ ጉዳያት ቁጽሪ) መብዛሕቲኡ ግዘ ብ ዓሰርተታ ዝቑጸሩ እዮም።
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
ካብ እቲ ኣብ ላዐሊ ዝተጠቕሰ መንገዲ ብተወሳኺ ካፕላን-ሜየር ዝበሃል ሜላ ብምጥቃም እቶም ክልተ ውጸኢታት(ሞትን ምድሓንን) ብምምርማር፣ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ምስ ሞት ዘለዎ ንጽጽራዊ መጠን ክንፈልጥ ኢና።
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
እዚ ኣቀራርባ ካብ ኣገባብ ABC ዝተፈለየን ውድድር ኣብ ሞንጎ ግምገማታት ኣቀራርባ ናይቶም ክልተ ቅድታት ድልዱልነት ንምውሳን ውጽኢታት ዘኽእል ኢዩ።
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
ናይ RCGP RSC ክትትል ምስ PHE ከም ምክልኻል ጥዕና ኣብ ትሕቲ መምርሒ 3 ናይ እቲ ኣገልግሎት ጥዕና ( ምቁጽጻር ናይ ሕሙም ሓበሬታ) መምርሒ 2002 ኢዩ ዝግለጽ።
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
ብPHE ካልዲኮት ጋርድያን ቤት-ጽሕፈት ተረጋጊጹ።
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
ኣብ እቶም ኣብ እዚ ክትትል እዚ ዝካየዱ ልምምዳት ወይ ዝተሳተፉ ሰብ ሞያታት ኣብ እቲ ክበጽሖም ዝኸእል ሓደጋ ወሰኽ ኣይረኣናን።
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
ምክልኻል ረኽስን ምቁጽጻር ምኽርን ንህልው ሃገራዊ መምርሒ ክኽተሉ ኢዮም።
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
ዝኾኑ ዝተፈለዩ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ንዝተፈለዩ ርክባት ምኽሪ ምሃብ ሓዊሱ ብ መሰረት ኣብ እቲ ኣዋን ኣብ ስራሕ ብዘሎ ናይ PHE/NHS መምርሒ እዩ ቁጽጽር ዝግበረሎም።
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
ግና እዚ ስልጠና ጥንቁቅ ኣታሕዛ ናይ ስፐሲመንን ዳግመ ክለሳ ናይ መልክፍቲ ቁጽጽር መምርሒታትን ብምጥቅላል ዘዘኻኽር’ዩ።
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
ውሑስ ክንክንን ሕክምናን ቀንዲ ክፋል ናይ ስምምዕ12 ኮይኑ ብቕዓቱ ቀጻሊ ብCare Quality Commission ይምርመር’ዩ።
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
ታሪኽ ጉዕዞን ሕክምናዊ ሓበርቲ መልከፍቲ COVID-19
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
ናይ RCGP RSC ልምምዳት ኣብ ኩሎም ናይ CMR ስርዓታት ናይ COVID-19 ክሊኒካዊ ኮድ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንኽውዕሉ ምኽሪ ተዋሂቡ እዩ።
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
እዚ ድማ ካብ ናይ ክሊኒካዊ ገለፅቲ ኮድ ኣገባብራ ዝርከብ ኮድ ኣዋህባ (Table 4) ከምኡውን ናይ ቀረባ እዋን ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘጠቓልል እዩ።
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
ምምስራት ነዊሕ ናይ ስነ-ቫይረሳዊ መርኣያ።
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
ናይ RCGP RSC ተግባራት፣ኣብቲ ዓመታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ስነ-ቫይረስ ክትትል ብምስታፉ ምልክታት ናይ LRTI ካብ ዘርኣዩ ሕሙማት ምፍታን ጀሚሩ ኣሎ።
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
ቅልጡፍ ምልላይ ድሕረባይታ ዝርግሐ ኣብ ትሑት ስግኣት ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ኣስዒቡ።
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
ብ መጋቢት 7፣ 2020, እቲ ስርዓተ ክትትል ኣብ ትሑት-ኣስጋእነት ዘለዎምን ዝኾነ ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘይብሎምን ሕሙማት ብ ዝተዘርገሐ ናይ ስነ-ቫይረስ መርኣያ 2 ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት ረኺቡ።
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ኣብ ማሕበረሰብ ከጋጥም ዝኽእል ዘይተፀበናዮ ናይ COVID-19 ምስፍሕፋሕ ን ምቁፅፃር ብኸመይ ናይ ኢንፍሉዌንዛ መቆፃፀሪ ስርዓት ከምዝተጠቐምና ዝገልጽ እዩ።
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
ብቕልጡፍ ዳታ ንምምዝጋብ ዘኽእሉ ሓደሽቲ ኮዳት ብምፍጣር ኣጣሚርና ኢና፣ በዚ ድማ ዳታ ብምኣካብ ናይ ቁጽጽር ስትራቴጂታት ዉፅኢታዉነት ኣብ ምክትታል ንርከብ።
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
በዚ ሜላ ምክትታል ብዛዕባ ስነ-ሕማምለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ደጋዊ ሕክምና ዝያዳ ክንፈልጥ ንሕልን።
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
ብቐንዲ፣ ናይ ዝርጋሐ ቅልጣፈኡ፣ ብመንጽር ክልቲኦም ግዝያውን ጂኦግራፊያውን።
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
ኣብ ትሑት ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ብምምርማርና፡ ኣብ ልዑል ሓደጋ ንዘለዉ ሕሙማትን ርክባቶምን ብቫይሮሎጂ ምምርማሮም ዕዉት ድዩ ኣይኮነን ንምፍላጥ ይጠቅም።
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
ቁጽጽር ንዝርግሐ ከጉድሎ ይግባእ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብጽዑቅ ክትትል ንዝርግሐ ናይ ምቁጽጻር ጥቅምታት ኣለዎ።
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
ይኹን እምበር፣ ከም እቲ ኣብ ጣልያን ዝኾኖ ናብ ሓፋሽ ህዝቢ ብዝበለጸ ግፍሓት ክላበዕ ዝኽእለሉ ነጥቢ ክመጽእ ይኽእል እዩ።
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
ኣብቶም ኣብ ትሑት ተቓላዕነት ብርኪ ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ዝግበር ክትትል ኣብ ወሰንቲ ነጥቢታት እንትንበጽሕ ከለናን ናይ ረኽሲ መጠናት ምቕናስ እንትጅምሩን ከፍልጠና ኣለዎ።
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ስነ-ሕማም ለበዳ ተቀላቀሊ እዩ።
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
እቲ ኣብ ምዝገባ ዝተመርኮሰ ተፈጥሮ ናይ UK መባእታዊ ክንክን ማለት ጠቕላላ ናይ ሕሙማት ቁፅርን እቲ ሕማም ንክንደይ ጊዜ ከምዝፀንሕ ንምፍላጥ ዝሕግዝ ዝተማለአ ስእሊ ምፍጣር ክንከል ኢና ማለት እዩ።
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
እዚ ናይ ክትትል ስርዓት COVID-19 ብብዝሒ ዝዝርግሐሉ ቦታታት ንምልላይን ኣብዘን ቦታታት ከኣ ናይ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒት ፈተነታት ክካየድን ይሕግዝ።
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
ከምኡውን ናይ እዞም መድሓኒታት ወይድማ ክትባት ዉጽኢታዊነትን ዝኾነ ይኹን ኣሉታዊ ምላሽ ምክትታል ንኽእል ኢና።
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፣ ቐዲምካ ናይ COVID-19 ዝተረጋገጹ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ምርካብ ብሃገር ብርኪ ንጡፍ ክትትልን ምክልኻልን ክህሉ ሓጊዙ እዩ።
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
ድሕነት ናይ ትግባረታት እቲ ቀዳማይ ዘገድሰና ኢዩ።
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC ናሙና ብምእካብ ሕማም ብምቁፅፃርን ናይ ክታበት ውፅኢታዉነት ብምክትታልን ንልዕሊ 50 ዓመታት ዝሰርሐ እንተኾን ኣብ 1968/69 ዝተፈጥረ ሆንግ ኮንግ ለበዳ ፍሉ፣ ኣብ 1977/78 ናይ ሩስያ ፍሉ ከምኡ እዉን ናይ 2009 ለበዳ ስዋይን ፍሉ ዓብዪ ግደ ተፃዊቱ እዩ።
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
ኣብዚ ክትትል ምስታፍ ንስታፍን ሕሙማትን ተወሳኺ ሓደጋ ከምዘየምጽእ ኢና ንፈልጥ።
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
RCGP RSC ካብቶም ዝዋጾም እጃማት እቲ ሓደ ናይ ለበዳ ሕማም ምድላዋት ምግባር እዩ።
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
RCGP RSC ብምጥቃም ዝስራሕ ካብ ምስ ሕሙም ርክብ ዘለዎም ሰባት ዝዉሰድ ዝተመሓያሸ ናይ ሓበሬታ ኮዲንግ ብCOVID-19 ዝተጠርጠሩ ሰባት ናብ መጥባሕቲ ናይ ምዉሳድ ኣጋጣሚ ንምቕናስ ይጠቅም።
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
ካብ ትጽቢት ወጻኢ ዝኾኑ ኬዛት ኣብ ዝርከቡሉ እዋን፣ ነቲ ሕሙምን ምስኡ ርክብ ንዘለዎምን ነቲ ትግባረታት ንምፍላጥ ጠቓሚ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
ኣብ ልምምዳት ዘሎ ጽልዋ እንድሕር ደኣ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ተረኺቡ ኮይኑ፣ን ሓደ መዓልቲ ብምዕጻው ዓሙቕ ፅሬት ብምክያድ ድሕሪኡ መሊስካ ምኽፋት እዩ ዘሎ።
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
ቀንዲ ድኽመታት ናይዚ ስርዓት ብዝሒ ናይ ዳታ ነጥቢታት እዩ።
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
ናይ ሰሮሎጅን ቫይሮሎጅን ዳታ ካብ 100 ቦታታት ንእክብ ኣለና። እዚ ግን ንእሽቶ ክፋል ናይ ሓፋሽ ዝሽፍን’ዩ።
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
እዚ ንክትትል ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ኣዕጋቢ ኮይኑ ኣሎ፣ ግን እዚ ንለበዳ COVID-19 እኹል ዕቤት ዘለዎ መረዳእታ ንምዃኑ መረጋገጺ የብልናን።
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
ናይ ስራሕ ቦታታትና (ናይ ክትትል ልምምዳት)ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ዘይንቀሳቐሱ እዮም፣ ነዞም ልምምዳት ብቕልጡፍ ናብ እቶም ዝበለጹ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ዝርከቦም ክልላት ምውሳድ ሓጋዚ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
ኣብዚ እዋን ሰሙናዊ ጸብጻብ ከነቅርብ ኢና።
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
ህልው ስርዓትና ክልተ ግዜ ኣብ ሰሙን ከነማሕሾ ኢና። እቲ ዝበለጸ ግን መዓልታዊ ወይ በብሰዓት እንተኾነ’ዩ።
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
ናይ ተበላጽነት ሰሮሎጂ መርኣያ ኣብ ትሕቲ 10 ዓመት ቆልዑ ብሰንኪ እቲ ሓፈሻዊ ጉድለት መጠን ምርመራ ደም ኣብ ቖልዑ ክሕጸር ይኽእል ኢዩ።
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
እቲ ዝርገሐ ናይ ክትትል RCGP RSC-PHE ስርዓተ-መርበብ ንምቕልቃል ለበዳ COVID-19 ተጠቂምካ ብቕልጡፍ ተጀሚሩ።
The model of getting the appropriate informatics to enable capture of the required data has already been a success, with data recording starting the week the codes were created.
ነቲ ዝድለ ሓበሬታ ኣብ መዝጊብካ ንምሓዝ ዘኽእል ግቡእ ዝኾነ ሓበሬታ መርከቢ ሞዴል፣ ነቲ ሓበሬታ እቶም ኮዳት ኣብ ዝተፈጠሩሉ ሰሙን ምምዝጋብ ብምጅማር ዕዉት ኮይኑ እዩ።
In addition, modifying the existing surveillance system to collect population data in a parallel way has also been effective.
ኣብ እቲ ኣብ ስራሕ ዘሎ ናይ ክትትል ስርዓት ማዕዶ ን ማዕዶ ብዝኾነ መልክዑ ናይ ፖፑሌሽን ዳታ ንምእካብ ምምሕያሽ ምግባር እውን ኣድማዒ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ ኣሎ።
However, we are at present unsure as to whether the scale of this surveillance provides sufficient data to drive local containment strategies or if reporting infrequently meets the need of our information age.
ይኹን እምበር እዚ ናይ ሕማም ቁፅፅር መጠን ንከባቢያዊ ሕማም ናይ ምዕጋት ስትራቴጂ እኹል ዝኾነ ዳታ ረኺቡ ከምዘቕርብ ወይ ድማ እቲ መዓልታዊ ዘይኮነ ፀብፃብ ዘድሊ መረዳእታ ከምዘበርክት ርግፀኛ ኣይኮናን።
Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 “suspected case” and “confirmed case” is necessary
ናይ COVID-19 ‘’ዝተጠርጠረ ጉዳይ ለበዳ’’ ከምኡዉን ‘’ዝተረጋገፀ ጉዳይ ለበዳ’’ ምርመራ ሮቑሓ በብጊዜኡ ክመሓየሽ ይግባእ።
On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide.
ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 6 2020፣ ጉጅለና ዘሐተሞ ጽሑፍ ናይ ኮሮና ኖቭል 2019 (2019-nCoV) ኢንፌክሽን ንምምርምርን ንምምኻርን ቕልጡፍ መምርሒን ተመኩሮታትን ብምቕራብ ብ ብርኪ ዓለም ነዚ ለበዳ ንምውጋእ ንጡፍ ምስክር ዝህብ እዩ።
However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
ግና ሕማም ኮሮናቫይረስ 2019(ኮቪድ-19) ሓድሽ ሕማም እዩ። መጽናዕትታትን ኣብ ባይቶ ዘሎ ክምናዊ ተመክሮታት ንኣፍልጦና በብቁሩብ እናስፍሖ ይመጽእ ኣሎ። ስለዚ ናይ መርመራን ሕክምናን ስትራተጂታት ቀጻሊ እናተመሓየሹ ክመጹ’ዮም።
In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of “suspected case” and “confirmed case” according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China.
ኣብዚ ደብዳበ፡ ኣብ መምርሒና ዘሎ ሓደ ርእይቶ ግብረመልሲ ብምሃብ፡ በቲ ናይ ቻይና ህዝባዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኮሚቴ ዝወጸ ሓድሽ ናይ ሕክምናን ክትትልን ምርሒታት COVID-19 (ሻውዓይ ሕታም) ዝተቐየደ ን”ጥርጡራት”ን ”ዝተረጋገጹ ሕሙማትን” ምርመራ ዝምልከት ሓደሽቲ መምርሒታት ኣውጺና።
In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused an outbreak, which is now officially named as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
ኣብዚ እዋን ብሕማም ኮሮና 2019(ኮቪድ-19) ዝፍለጥ ሓድሽ ኮሮናቫይረስ 2019(2019-nCoV) ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2019 ክዝርጋሕ ጀሚሩ፡ እቲ ቫይረስ ከኣ ከቢድ ኣኪዩት ናይ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ሲንድረም ኮሮናቫይረስ 2(SARS-CoV-2) ይበሃል።
On 11 March 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
ኣብ ማርች 11 2020፣ ወድብ ጥዕና ዓለም(WHO) ንCOVID-19 ዓለምለኸ ለበዳ ከምዝኾነ ኣዊጁ።
In order to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, our team has developed a rapid advice guideline and that has been published online in Military Medical Research on 06 February 2020.
ኣንጻር SARS-CoV-2መልከፍቲ ክንዕወት እንተኮይና ብቅልጡፍ ዝርከብ ናይ ምኽሪ መምርሒ ኣዳሊና ብ06 ፌብሩዋሪ 2020 ኣብ ናይ ውትድርና ሕክምና መጽናዕቲ ብመርበብ ኢንተርነት ዘርጊሕናዮ ኣለና።
It has attracted a great attention since published.
ካብ ዝሕተም ብዙሕ ኣተኩሮ ስሒቡ ኣሎ።
Note however that COVID-19 is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge is gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
ይኹን እምበር COVID-19 ሓድሽ ሕማም ምዃኑ ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው፣ ንቕሓትናን ፍልጠትናን ኣብቲ ዝካየድ ዘሎ መጽናዕታዊ ርኽበታትን ተሞክሮ ክሊኒካዊ ልምምዳትን ብምምርኳዝ በብቁሩብ ይዓቢ ኣሎ፣ ስለዚ እቲ ናይ ምምርማርን ምሕካምን ስትራቴጂ ብቐጻሊ ይሕደስ ኣሎ።
For instance the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), among 16 January 2020 to 3 March 2020, has issued a total of seven editions with some contexts being substantively changed.
ከም ኣብነት፡ ብሃገራዊ ኮሚሽን ጥዕና ቻይና ናይ COVID-19 ምርመራን ሕክምናን መምርሒ ካብ 16 ጥሪ 2020 ክሳብ 3 መጋቢት 2020 ገለ ትሕዝቶታቱ ቀይሩ ብሓፈሻ ሸውዓተ ሕታማት (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/) ኣሕቲሙ ኣሎ።
Now our guideline received a comment by Zhou et al., they introduced a simple scoring proposal based on their clinical experience.
ሐዚ መምርሒና ካብ Zhou et al. ርኢቶ ተቐቢሉ ኣሎ፣ ኣብ ክሊኒካዊ ተሞክሮኦም መሰረት ዝገበረ ቀሊል እማመ ድማ ኣተኣታትዮም ኣለዉ።
Their work added new evidence for our guideline and also make valuable reference for this pandemic worldwide.
ስርሖም ንመምርሒና ሓድሽ መረዳእታ ዝወሰኸ እንትኾን ብ ብርኪ ዓለም ድማ ዋጋ ዘለዎ መነጻጸሪ ሰሪሑ እዩ።
We endorse their significant work and express our thanks.
ምስጋናና እናገለጽና ነዚ ኣገዳሲ ስርሖም ንድግፎ።
However, their work also needs update according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (Trial seventh version) and recently studies.
ይኹን እምበር በቲ ሓድሽ ናይ COVID-19 (Trial seventh version) ምርመራን ሕክምናን መመርሒን ሓደሽቲ መፅናዕትታን መሰረት እቲ ስርሖም ምምሕያሽ ዘድልዮ እዩ።
According to the seventh edition (3 March 2020), to confirm the suspected case needs to combine any one item of epidemiological history features with two items of clinical manifestations to make a comprehensive analysis, or needs to meet three items of clinical manifestations if without clear epidemiological history:
ብመሰረት እቲ ሻውዓይ ሕትመት (3 መጋቢት 2020)፣ ነቶም ተጠርጢሮም ዘለዉ ናይ ኬዛት ድሌታት ንምርጋግጽ ሓደ ኣቕሓ መልክዕ ናይ ስነ-ሕማም ለበዳ ታሪኽን ክልተ ኣቑሑት ናይ ክሊኒካዊ መርኣያታት ብምሕዋስ ርዱእ ዝኾነ መጽናዕቲ ንምስራሕ፣ ወይ ሰለስተ ኣቑሑት ናይ ክሊኒካዊ መረዳእታ እንድሕር ንጹር ስነ-ሕማም ለበዳዊ ታሪኽ ዘየለ።
Epidemiological history: (1) a history of travel or residence in Wuhan city and surrounding areas, or other communities where COVID-19 cases had been reported in the last 14 days before symptom onset; (2) a history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 infectious cases (with positive nucleic acid test); (3) a history of contacting with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city and surrounding areas, or other communities where COVID-19 had been reported in the last 14 days before symptom onset; (4) a history of contacting with cluster of confirmed cases (≥ 2 cases with fever and/or respiratory symptoms occurred within 2 weeks in small areas, such as home, office, class of school, etc).
ስነ-ለበዳዊ ታሪኽ፥ (1)ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ፡ ተቀማጢ ከተማ ዉሃንን ከባቢኣን ተቀማጢ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ 14 መዓልታት ቅድሚ ምልክታት ምርኣዮም ናይ COVID-19 መልከፍቲ ዝተመዝገሎም ቦታታት፡ (2) ታሪኽ ርክብ ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ዝሓመሙ ሰባት(ብኑክለዪክ ኣሲድ መርመራ ዝተረጋገጸ)፡ (3) ታሪኽ ርክብ ምስ ረስኒ ወይ ካልኦት ምልክታት ምስትንፋስ ዘለዎ ተቀማጢ ከተማ ዉሃንን ከባቢኣን ወይ ተቀማጢ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ 14 መዓልታት ቅድሚ ምልክታት ምርኣዮም ናይ COVID-19 መልከፍቲ ዝተመዝገሎም ቦታታት፡ (4) ታሪኽ ርክብ ምስ ጉጅለ ዝተረጋገጹ ሕሙማት(≥ 2 ኣብ ውሽጢ 2 ሰሙን ረስኒን/ወይ ካልኦት ምልክታት ምስትንፋስ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ጸበብቲ ባታታት ከም ገዛ፡ ቤት-ጽሕፈት ወይ ክፍሊ ቤት-ትምህርትታት…ወዘተ)
Clinical manifestations: (1) fever and/ or respiratory symptoms; (2) with imaging features of COVID-19 infection; (3) total white blood cell counts showing normal, decreased, or reduced lymphocyte count in the early onset stage.
ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት፣ (1) ረስኒን ወይ ምልክታት ምስትንፋስን፣ (2) ምስ ምስሊ ባህሪ ረኽሲ COVID-19፣ (3) ቁጽሪ ድምር ጻዓዱ ዋህዮታት ደም ንቡር፣ ጎዲሉ፣ ወይ ዝጎደለ ቁጽሪ ሊምፈሳይት ኣብ ናይ መጀመርያናይ መልከፍቲ ደረጃ።
Diagnosing the confirmed case should base on suspected case with any one item of pathogenic or serological evidence as following: (1) real-time PCR test positive for SARS-CoV-2; (2) viral whole genome sequencing showing high homogeneity to the known novel coronaviruses; (3) positive for the specific IgM antibody and IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in serum test; or a change of the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody from negative to positive, or titer rising ≥4 times in the recovery phase above that in the acute phase.
በዞም ዝስዕቡ ፓቶጀኒክ ወይ ሴሮሎጂክ መርመራታት ጥርጡራት ብመርመራ ምርግጋጽ፥ (1) real-time PCR test positive ንሳርስ-ኮቭ-2: (2) viral whole genome sequencing ምስቶም ዝተፈልጡ ኮሮናቫይረሳት high homogeneity ምስዘርኢ፥ (3)ናይ ሳርስ-ኮቭ-2 specific IgM antibodyን IgG antibodyን positive ምስዝመጽእ፡ ወይ ድማ SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody ካብ ኔጌቲቭ ናብ ፐዘቲቭ ምስዝልወጥ፡ ወይ ኣብ ናይ መገገሚ ክፍለ ግዜ ካብቲ ኣኪዩት ክፍለ ግዜ ብ≥4 ግዜ ምስዝዛይድ።
We can see that the real-time PCR test for nucleic acid in respiratory tract or blood samples was added to the second (18 January 2020) and third (22 January 2020) editions.
Real-time PCR for nucleic acid ሳምፕላት ናይ ስርዓተ-ምስትንፋስን ደምን ኣብቲ ካልኣይን(18 ጥሪ 2020) ሳልሳይን(22 ጥሪ 2020) ሕታማት ወጽዮም።
The pathogenic detection of blood sample was added to the fourth (27 January 2020) and fifth (8 February 2020) editions; and then the serological evidence was added to the seventh edition.
ምልላይ ጠንቂ ሕማም ናይ ደም መርኣያ ኣብቲ ራብዓይን (27 ጥሪ 2020) ሓሙሻይን (8 ለካቲት 2020) ሕትመታት ተጠቓሊሉ ኔሩ፣ ብድሕሪ እዚ እቲ ሴሮሎጂካዊ ጭብጢ ናብቲ ሻውዓይ ሕታም ተወሲኹ።