atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
ረስኒ (99%-100%)፣ ደረቕ ሰዓል (29%-75%)፣ ሕፅረት ምስትንፋስ (40%-42%)፣ ተቕማጥን (20-25%) ናይ ጎሮሮ ቃንዛን (13-25%) ናይ SARS ሕሙማት ዋናዋና ምልክታት ኮይኖም ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሓገዝ ድማ ንኣስታት 14%-20% ዝኾኑ ሕሙማት ኣድላዪ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ ኣሎ።
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
ክሳብ ፌብሩዋሪ 14፡ ብ ብርኪ ዓለም እቲ ኣጠቓላሊ ጉዳያት ለበዳ 66:576 እንክበጽሕ እንከሎ፡ ናይ COVID-19 ሞት ሓደጋ 2% ነይሩ።
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
ብተነጻጻሪ፣ ኣብ ኖቨምበር 2002 ናይ SARS ናይ ሞት መጠን ካብ 8,096 ዝተረጋገጹ ጉዳያት 10% ኾይኑ ተረኺቡ ኣሎ።
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
MERS ብዝምልከት፡ ኣብ ጁን 2012 ዝተገበረ ናይ ሰነ-ህዝቢ(demographic ) ጽንዓት መሰረት፡ ብ 2,494 ዝኾኑ ዝተረጋገጹ ጉዳያት ናይ ሞት መጠን 37% እዩ ነይሩ።
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 R0 ክሳብ 6.47 ምስ 5.71-7.23 95% confidence interval (CI) እንትበፅሕ ናይ SARS-CoV R0 ግና ካብ 2 ክሳብ 4 ጥራሕ ምዃኑ ቅድም ክብል ዝወፀ መፅናዕቲ ይሕብር።
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
ብመንጽር ዘርእዩዎ ምልክታት፡ሞትን R0 ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ምስ MERS-CoV ን SARA-CoV ዝተገበረ ንጽጽር ኣብ Table1.1 ቀሪቡ ኣሎ።
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
ምስ MERS-CoVን SARS-CoVን ተነፃፂሩ SARS-CoV-2 ዝለዓለ ናይ ምልባዕ ክእለት እንትህልዎ ዝተሓተ ድማ ቀታልነት ከምዘለዎ እቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተገልፀ ኣሃዝ ይሕብር።
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
ስለዝኾነ ካብ MERS-CoVን SARS-CoVን ንላዕሊ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ለበዳ ምቁፅፃር ከቢድ እዩ።
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
ናይ ጉጅለ ተበግሶታት ለበዳ ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ስድራ ቤት ወይድማ ካብ ተመሳሳሊ ምትእኽኻባት ወይድማ ኣብ ከም ናይ መጓዓዚያ መርከብ ዝበሉ ተሽከርከርከርቲ እዩ ዘጋጥም።
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
ሕሙማት ብኣብዝሓ ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘለዎም፣ ኣብ ዉሃን ወይድማ ኣብ ካልኦት ዝተጠቕዑ ቦታታት ዝነብሩ፣ ምስ ዝተጠቕዐ ወይከዓ ምስ ሕማም ዘይጀመሮም ሰባት ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ክልተ ሰሙናት ርክብ ዝነበሮም እዮም።
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
ይኹን ደኣምበር ሕሙማት ምልክት ከየርኣዩ ንነዊሕ እዋን ክጸንሑ ስለዝኽእሉን ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማት ድማ ን ካልእይ ግዘ እቲ ቫይረስ ክስከሙ ስለዝኽእሉን ናይ ውሸባ እዋን ክነውሕ ከምዝግባእ የረድኡ።
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
ኣብ እቲ ናይ መጀመሪያ ደርጃ፡ ሕሙማት ዝተሓተ ወይድማ ልሙድ ናይ ፐሪፈራል ጻዓዱ ናይ ደም ዋህዮታት(ብተለይ ልይሞፎሳይት) ኣለዎም።
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
ን ኣብነት፣ ልይምፎፐኒያ ምስ ጻዕዳ ናይ ደም ዋህዮ ቁጽሪ &lt; 4×109/L ን ልይሞፎሳይት ቁጽሪ ሓዊሱ &lt; 1×109/L፣ ምስኡ ድማ መጠኑ ልዕል ዝበለ ናይ ኣስፓራቴት ኣሚኖትራንስፈሬዝ ደረጃታትን ቬሪሚያን ኣብ 1,099 ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ተረኺቦም እዮም።
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
መብዛሕቲኦም ሕሙማት ኣብ ደሞም ናይ C-ሪኣክቲቭ ፕሮቲንን ኢራይትሮሳይት ሰድመንቴሽንን መጠን ክብ ከምዝበለን ኣብ ዝተወሰኑ ሕሙማት ድማ ናይ ፀሊም ከብዲን ናይ ጭዋዳ ኤንዛይማት ከምኡውን ናይ ማዮግሎቢን መጠን ኣብ ደሞም ሓፍ ከምዝበለ ይግለፅ።
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
ከቢድ ጉዳያት ኣብ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት፡ ናይ D-dimer መጠን፡ ኣብ ደም ዝርከብ ናይ ፊብሪን(fibrin) ፍርያት፡ ወሲኹ እዩ፡ ናይ ልይሞፎሳይት(lymphocyte) ቁጽሪ ድማ ኣዝዩ ቀኒሱ እዩ።
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
ኣብ ናይ ደረት ራድዮግራፊ ዝረኣዩ ዘይልሙዳት ምልክታት ኣብ መብዛሕቲኡ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ይርከቡ እዮም፣ ኣብ ሳንባ ብዝረኣዩ ኽልተ መዳይ ዝረኣዩ ዝተጣበቑ ጽላሎታት(patchy shadows) ወይድማ ናይ መሬት ብርጭቆ ብርሃን ምኽልካል(ground glass opacity) ዝኣምሰሉ ምልክታት ዝግለጽ እዩ።
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
ብኣብዝሓ ሕሙማት ናብ ዘይንቡር ኒሞኒያ፣ ሃንደበታዊ ጉድኣት ሳምባን ኣክዩት ሪስፓራይቶሪ ዲስትረስ ሲንድሮምን (ARDS) ይቃልዑ።
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
ARDS ካብ ቁፅፅር ወፃእ ዝኾነ ነድሪ፣ ናይ ፈሳሲ ምእካብ ከምኡውን ቀፃሊ ዝኾነ ፋይብሮሲስ ብምፍጣር ናይ ኣየር ምቅይያር ፀገም ዘምፅእ እዩ።
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
type-Iን type-IIን ኒሞሳይት ብኣግባቡ ምስራሕ እንተዘይክኢሎም መጠን ሰርፋክታንት ስለዝቕንስ ናይ ሳምባ ደጋዊ ወጥሪ ንኽውስኽ ብምግባር እቲ ሳምባ ናይ ምስፋሕ ዓቕሙ ቀኒሱ ንኽዕፆ ይገብር።
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
ስለዚ እቲ ዝኸፍአ ናይ ሳንቡእ ራጂ ዉፅኢት እንትንረክብ ብኣብዝሓ ምስ ዝኸፍአ ናይ ሕማም ደረጃ ዝተተኣሳሰረ እዩ።
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 18, 2020 እቲ ናይ መጀመርታ ናይ COVID-19 ናይ ሕማም ምርመራ ምስ ናይ ካልኦት ናይ ቫይረስ ሕማማትን ARDSን ምስ ናይ SARSን MERSን ምልክታት ብተመሳሳሊ፤ ናይ ሳምባ ምቺ ህውከት፣ ናይ hyaline membraneን ካብ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዝሞተ ሰብ ድማ ናይ multinucleated syncytial cellsን ኣብ ሳምባ ውሽጢ ምፍጣርን ዝኣመሰሉ ምልክታት ተራእዮም እዮም።
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
ብ ሪቨርስ-ትራንስክሪፕቴዝ-ፖሊሜሬዝ(reverse-transcriptase polymerase) ን ሳርስ(SARS-CoV-2 RNA) ምፍላይ ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ዝግበር ምርመራ ከም ዋና ሮቕሓ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ውዒሉ ነይሩ።
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
ኮይኑ ግና ናይ ሓሶት-ኣሉታዊ መጠን ሓፍ ዝበለ ብምዃኑ እቲ ለበዳ ከጋድዶ ስለዝኽእል ኣብ ቻይና ካብ 13 ፌብሩዋሪ፣ 2020 ንዳሓር ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት ብምጥቃም ዲያግኖስ ምግባር ተጀሚሩ (ኣብ RT-PCR ጥራሕ ኣይድረኽን) ኣሎ።
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
ኣብ ናይ SARS ምርመራ እውን ተመሳሳሊ ኩነታት ኣጋጢሙ ነይሩ።
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
ስለዚ ናይ እቲ ሕማም ታሪኽ፣ ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት፣ ላብራቶሪ ምርመራታትን ናይ ራጂ ዉፅኢትን ብጠቕላላ ኣብ ዉፅኢታዊ ዝኾነ ዲያግኖሲስ ንምብፃሕ ኣገደስቲ እዮም።
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 14:2020፡ ናይ ፌንግ ጃንግ ጉጅለ SARS-CoV-2 ንምፍላይ ዝጠቅም ኣብ CRISPR-ዝተመስረተ ናይ SHERLOCK ቴክኒክ ዝምልከት ናይ ኣጠቓቕማ ፕሮቶኮል ዕላዊ ገይሮም እዮም፡ እዚ ድማ፡ ሲንተቲክ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 RNA ክፋላት ንምፍላይ ዘኽእል ብ 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 ቅዳሓት ብ ማይክሮሊትር ኣታዊ) ብዝኾነ መጠን ዲፕሲቲክ(dipstick) ብምጥቃም ትሕቲ ሓደ ሰዓት ተወሳኺ መሳርሒ ምጥቃም ከይኣድለየ ንምፍላይ ዘኽእል እዩ።
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
እቲ ሓዱሽ ቴክኒክ ተዓጻጻፊ ብዝኾነ መልክዑ ናይ ተኣፋፍነትን ምቹውነትን ለውጢ ዘምጽእ ከምዝኾን ተስፋ ኣሎ።
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
ኣብ ኖቭል CoV ናይ ተሞክሮ ሕፅረት ብምህላዉ፣ ሓኻይም ንCOVID-19 ሕሙማት ሓፈሻዊ ሓገዝ ጥራሕ ክህቡ ከምዝኽእሉ ይፍለጥ። ብጎናጎኒ ድማ ከም SARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ዝመሳሰሉ ዓይነታት CoVs ከምኡዉን ንካልኦት ናይ ቫይረስ ሕማማት ንጥቀመሎም ፈውሲታት ተጠቒምካ ፈተነ ይካየድ ኣሎ።(Table ​(Table2).2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
እዞም ሕክምናታት ኣንቲ ቫይራል መድሓኒት፣ ኢሚኖሳፕረሰንት፣ ስቴሮይድ፣ ካብ ዝደሓኑ ሕሙማት ዝተወስደ ፕላዝማ፣ ናይ ቻይና ሕክምና ከምኡውን ስነልቦናዊ ሓገዝ ዘካተቱ እዮም።
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
ካብ ዝደሓኑ ሕሙማት ዝተወስደ ፕላዝማ እዉን ከም ፈውሲ ክንጥቀመሉ ከምእንኽእል ሓሳብ ቀሪቡ ኣሎ።
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
ናይ መድሓኒት ኩባንያታት ኣንቲ ቦዲን ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ክትባትን ን ምምዕባል ይጽዕሩ ኣለዉ።
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 ብዋናነት ሳምባ ዘጥቅዕ ኮይኑ ብዝተወሰነ መጠን ድማ ከም ናይ ማዓንጣ ትራክት ስርዓትን ኩላሊትን ዝመሳሰሉ ካልኦት ACE2 ዘለዎም ኣካላት የጥቅዕ።
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ናይ መተንፈሲ ጸገማትን ውድቀትን ን ሕሙማት እቶም ዓበይቲ ሓደጋታትን ሞት ዘስዕቡ ዋና መበገሲታት እዮም።
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
ስለዚ ድማ፡ ናይ መተንፈሲ ሓገዝ ነቶም ምልክታት ኣብ ምቕናስ ን ህይወት ኣብ ምድሓንን ኣዝዩ ወሳኒ እንትኾን፡ ኣጠቓላሊ ኦክስጅን፡ ከም ፍልልያት ክብደት እቲ ሕማም ድማ ልዑል-ፍሰት ኦክስጅን(high-flow oxygen)፡ ነንኢንቫሲቭ ቨንቲሌሽን(noninvasive ventilation) ን ኢንቫሲቭ መካኒካዊ ቬንቲሌሽን ( invasive mechanical ventilation) ዘጠቓለለ እዩ።
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
ከቢድ ናይ ምትንፋስ ፀገም ምልክታት ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ብ ኤክስትራኮርፖሪያል መምብሬን ኦክስጅን (ECMO)፣ ከቢድ ናይ ልቢ ወይድማ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ፀገም ንዘለዎም ሕሙማት ንጥቀመሉ ዝተሓደሰ ካርዲዮፐልመናሪ ባይፓስ ቴክኒክ ዝሕገዙ እዮም።
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
ብተወሳኺ ናይ ኤሌክትሮላይት ሚዛን ምሕላው፣ ኻልኣዊ ሕማምን ሴፕቲክ ሾክን ምክልኻልን ወሰንቲ ክፍሊ ኣካላት ምሕላው ንናይ SARS-CoV-2 ሕሙማት ወሳኒ እዩ።
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
እዚ ናይ cytokine storm ናይ SARSን MERSን ሕሙማት ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ ናይ ሕማም ምክልኻል ምላሽ እንትህቡ ዝመጽእ እዩ።
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
ሳይቶካይን ስቶርም ዓይነት systemic inflammatory response (ስርዓታዊ ናይ ረኽሲ ግብረ መልሲ) ኮይኑ ብፈነወ ከም TNFα፣ IL-1β፣ IL-2፣ IL-6፣ IFNα፣ IFNβ፣ IFNγን MCP-1ን ዝመሳሰሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ሳይቶካይናት ዝመፅእ ሕማም እዩ።
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
እዞም ሳይቶካይናት ናይ መከላኸሊ ሕማም ዋህዮታት ፍሪ ራዲካልስ ንከፍርዩ ብምግባር ARDSን ብዙሓት ናይ ዉሽጣዊ ኣካል ፀገምን ከምፅእ ይገብር።
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
ኢሙኖሰፕረሽን(Immunosuppression) ን ሳይቶካይን(cytokine ) ጸፍዒታት ብተለይ ን ከበድቲ ሕሙማት ንምሕካም ጠቓሚ እዩ።
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
anti-IL6 ሞኖክሎናል ኣንቲቦዲ ዝኾነ ቶኪሊዙማብ ከምኡውን ኮርቲኮስተሮይድ ብምጥቃም ሳይቶካይን ስቶርም ንምፍዋስ ተኻኢሉ እዩ።
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
ንሳይቶክሲን ስቶርም ካልኦት ናይ ሕማም መከላኸሊ እርምጃታት ብ ዋህዮ-ተኮር ናይ ሕማም ምክልኻል ምላሽ ሞዱለሽን የካትቱ ፣ ናይ IFN-γ ፣ IL-1ን TNFን መአገዲ፤ ናይ ጄ.ኪ. blinatumomab፤ ናይ ሳይቶኪን ምልክት ሲግናሊንግ 4ን ናይ HDAC ኢንሂቢተርስን ዘካትት እዩ።
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
ስቴርዮድስ(Steroids)፡ ከም ኢሙኖሰፕረሳንት(immunosuppressants)፡ ኣብ ናይ SARS ሕክምና ናይ ረኽሲ ጉድኣት ክብደት ንምቕናስ ብስፍሓት ኣብጥቕሚ ዝውዕሉ እዮም።
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ልዑል መጠን ስቴሮይድስ(steroids ) ምውሳድ ኣብ ናት SARSን COVID-19 ሕሙማት ንዘሎ ከቢድ ናይ ሳንቡእ ጉድኣት ጠቐምቲ ኣይኮኑን።
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
ከም ኣቫስኩላር ኦስቲዮኔክሮሲስ ዝበሉ ሓደገኛ ናይ ጎናዊ ጉድኣት ብምኽታል ናይ እቲ ሕማም ትምቢት ዝቕይሩ እዮም።
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ኣብ ከቢድ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ናይ ኮርቲኮስተሮይድስ ሓጸርቲ ኮርስታት ኣብ ካብ ትሑት እስካብ ማእኸላይ ናይ መድሓኒታት መጠን ን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንክውዕሉ ዝምከር እዩ።
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
እዚ ኣብ ዝተፃሓፈሉ እዋን ዉፅኢታዊ ዝኾነ ኣንቲ ቫይራል መድሓኒት ኣይተረኽበን።
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
ይኹን ደኣምበር ናይ nucleotide analog ዝተስትኻኸለ ምርመራ ንሓደ ኣሜሪካዊ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙም ውጽኢታዊ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ እዩ።
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
ሬምደሲቪር(Remdesivir) መጅመሪያ ብ ጊሊድ(Gilead) ን ኢቦላ ን ማርልበርግ ቫይረሳትን ዝተፈጠረ ሕማም ንምሕካም ተባሂሉ ዝተፈጠረ ናይ ኖቨል ጸረ ቫይረስ መድሓኒት እዩ።
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
ጸኒሑ፡ሬምደሲቨር(remdesivir) ን MERS ን SARS ቫይረሳት ሓዊሱ ናይ ካልኦት ነጸላ ገመድ ዝኾኑ ናይ RNA ቫይረሳት ንምጥፋእ ከምዝኽእል ኣርእዩ እዩ።
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
ኣብዚኦም ተደሪኽና፡ ጊሊያድ(Gilead) ብ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተጠቕዑ ውልቀሰባት ዝግበሩ ጽምዲ ሙከራታት ንምግባር ዘኽእል ውህድ ናብ ቻይና ዝለኣኸ እንትኾን፡ እቶም ውጽኢታት ድማ ብ ዓብዩ ትጽቢት ዝግበረሎም እዮም።
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
ብተወሳኺ baricitinb፣ interferon-α፣ lopinavir/ritonavirን ribavirinን ንሃንደበታዊ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ፀገም ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ከም ፈውሲ ከገልግሉ ከምዝኽእሉ ተነጊሩ ኣሎ።
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
ሎፒናቪር/ሪቶናቪር ብሓንሳብ ምጥቃም ተቕማጥ፣ ዕዉልዉል ምባል፣ ተምላስ፣ ጉድኣት ፀላም ከብዲን ካልኦት ሓደጋታትን ከስዕብ ይኽእል እዩ።
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
ናይ እዞም ሕክምናታት ምስ ካልኦት መድሓኒታት ጠሚርካ ኣብ ሕሙማት ምጥቃም ብ ጥንቃቐ ክተሓዝ ኣለዎ።
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
ካብ ዝደሓኑ ሕሙማት ዝተወስደ ፕላዝማን ኣንቲቦዲ ምፍራይን
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
ካብ ተላባዒ ሕማም ዝደሓኑ ሰባት ደም ተወሲዱ ንካልኦት ዘይዳሓኑ ሕሙማት ከም መድሓኒት፣ ገና ንዘይተጠቕዑ ሰባት ድማ ከም መከላኸሊ ምጥቃም ነዊሕ ታሪኽ ዘለዎ እዩ።
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
ብርግፅ፣ ካብ ሕማም ዝደሓኑ ሰባት ኣብ ደሞም ነቲ ሕማም ንምክልኻል ዘኽእል ዝለዓለ ናይ ኣንቲቦዲ መጠን ኣለዎም።
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
ጸረ ባዕዳውያን ( Antibodies) ብ ናይ B ልይምፎሳይት( B lymphocytes) ዝፈሪ ኢሙኖግሎቢን(immunoglobulin (Ig)) እንትኸውን፡ ሕማም ኣምጻእቲ ተህዋስያንን ካልኦት ን ሰብነትና ባዕዲ ዝኾኑ ነገራት ኣብ ምጥቃዕ፡ ኣብቶም ተሃዋስያን ዝርከቡ ብሕታዊ ሞሎኲላት ብ ምፍላይ ዘምክን ድማ እዩ።
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
ካብ እዚ ብምብጋስ ካብ COVID-19 ካብ ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማት ናይ ፕላዝማ ደም ብምውሳድ ን 10 ብኽፉእ ዝሓመሙ ሕሙማን ተዋሂቡ እዩ።
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
ምልክታቶም ድማ ኣብ ውሽጢ 24 ሰዓታት ክመሓየሽ ክኢሉ እዩ፡ ዝቐነሰ ረኽሲን ዝተሓተ ኣብ ደም ውሽጢ ዝርከብ ናይ ቫረስ መጠን(viral loads ) ን ዝተመሓየሸ ናይ ኦክስጅን ምውህሃድ ኣብ ደምን ዝተዓጀቡ እዮም።
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
ኮይኑ ግና ቅድሚ ምዕባለ መድሓኒት ብዓቢ ደረጃ ምጥቃም ከምዝከኣል ዝገልፅ መብራህርህን መረጋገፅን ክህልዉ ይግባእ።
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
ብተወሳኺ ካብ ናይ ሕክምና ተፅዕኖ አንጻር ምስ ፕላዝማ ዝተዛመዱ ሕድሕድ ጉድኣታት ጥንቅቐ ክግበረሎም ይግባእ።
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
ንኣብነት ኣንቲቦዲታት ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ስርዓት ብምንቕቓሕ ናይ cytokine release syndrome (ሳይቶካይን ሰደድ ሲንድሮም) ዝበሃል ሓደገኛ ሕማም ከኸትል ይኽእል።
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
ኣብ ደም ዉሽጢ ናይ ኣንቲቦዲታት ጻዕቒ ብኣብዝሓ ዉሑድ እዩ። ነቶም ኣብ ከቢድ ሕማም ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ንምሕካም ድማ ናይ ፕላዝማ ጠለብ ዓብዪ እዩ።
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
እቲ ለበዳ ንምክልኻል ብቅልጡፍ ፍሉይ ዝኾነ ኣንቲቦዲ ምፍራይ ይኸብድ እዩ።
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
ስለዝኾነ ናይ B ዋህዮታት ካብ ዝደሓኑ ሰባት ብምወሳድ ዉፅኢታዊ ኣንቲቦዲታት ኢንኮድ ዝገብሩ ጀነቲካዊ ኮዳት ወይ ድማ ዋና ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ፕሮቲን ንምጥፋእ ዝሰርሑ ዉፅኢታዊ ኣንቲቦዲታት ምድላይ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
እዚ ብምግባር ናይ ኣንቲቦዲ ፍርያት ክብ ክነብሎ ንኽእል ኢና።
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
ንኣሽሓት ዓመታት ኣብ ቻይና TCM ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማምት ንምሕካም ኣብ ጥቕሚ ኣብ ምውዓል ይርከብ።
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
ይኹን እምበር እቲ ዉፅኢት ብናይ ሕማም ዲያግኖሲስ ተመስሪቱ ኣብ ናይ TCM ስነሓሳብ ዝተደረኸ ናይ ምቅይያር ቀመር ተጠቒሙ ኣብ ናይ ዝተፈላለዩ ክፍልታት ጥምረት ዝተመስረተ እዩ።
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
ን ከምዚኦም ዝበሉ ክፋላት ነጺልካ ኣውጺእኻ ንምፍላይ ኣጽጋሚ ብምዃኑ፡መብዛሕቲኦም እቶም ንቑሓት ክፋላት ኣይተፈለጡን ወይድማ ብግልጺ ኣይፍለጡን።
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
ኣብ እዚ ሐዚ እዋን፡ ን COVID-19 ዝግበር ሕክምና ስሉጥ ዘይምኻኑን ሓደ ዝተፈለየ ሕክምና ዘይምህላዉን፡ TCM ን ቀሊልን ማእኸላይን ምልክታትን ካብ ከበድቲ ኩነታት ዝሓወዩ ተሓከምቲ ንምሕካም ካብቶም ዋና መማረጺታት እናኾነ ይርከብ።
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
ንኣብነት ሹ ፌንግ ጂ ዱ ከምኡውን ሊያን ሁዋ ኪንግ ዌን ዝተብሃሉ ካፕሱላት ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕክምና ኣድማዕቲ ከምዝኾኑ ተፈሊጡ።
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ሕክምና፡ ብዙሓት ኣብ 87% ሕሙማትን ናይ TCM ሕክምና ዝተጠቐማ፡ ኣብ ጋንግሱ(63.7%)፡ ኒንግሲያ(50%)፡ ኣብ ሁናን(50%) ሓዊሱ ብዙሓት ግዝኣታት ልዑል ናይ ምድሓን ቁጽሪ ዘመዝገባ ኣለዋ፥ ነገር ግን እታ ናይ TCM ሕክምና ኣብ 30% ሕሙማት COVID-19 ጥራሕ ዝተጠቐመት ናይ ሁበይ ግዝኣት እቲ ዝተሓተ ናይ ምድሓን ቁጽሪ(13%) ኑይሩዋ።
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ እዚ ማለት ኣዝዩ ትኽክለኛ ዘይኮነ ንጽጽር እዩ ምኽኒያቱም ካልኦት ከም ክብደትን ቁጽሪን ናይ ሕሙማት ኣብ እቲ ገምጋም ኣይተኻተቱን።
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
ኣብ ፌብሩዋሪ 18:2020፡ ቦሊ ጃንግን መሳርሕቱን ናይ ምዕራባውያን መድሓኒት(WM) በይኑ ዝግበር ሕክምና ምስ ናይ WM ን TCM ብሓባር ዝግበር ሕክምና ብምውድዳር መጽናዕቲ ኣቕሪቦም ነይሮም።
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
ምስ ጉጅለ WM ጥራሕ ተነፃፂሩ ኣብ ጉጅለ WM+TCM ዝርከቡ ሕሙማት ረስኒ ሰውነት ናብ ንቡር ንክምለስ፣ ምልክታት ንክጠፍኡን ካብ ሕክምና ንምዉፃእን ሓፂር እዋን ጥራሕ እዩ ዝደሊ።
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
ብዝገርም ኹነታት ፣ ኣብ WM + TCM ጉጅለ ናይ ሕማም ምልክታት ምብኣስ(ካብ ቀሊል ናብ ከቢድ) ካብ WM ጥራሕ ዘለዎ ጉጅለ ዝነኣሰ እንትኸውን(7.4% ብኣንጻር 46.2%)ን ኣብ WM + TCM ጉጅለ ውሽጢ ዝነበረ ናይ ሞት መጠን ካብ WM ጥራሕ ዘለዎም ጉጅለ ዝተሓተ ነይሩ (8.8% ብኣንጻር 39%)።
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
ናይ TCM ዉፅኢታዉነትን ድሕንነትን ንምርግጋፅ ብደምቢ ዝተቆፃፀረ ፈተነ ብዝዓበየ መንገዲን ኣብ ብዙሓት ማእኸላትን ክካየድ ኣለዎ።
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
ብዝተኽኣለ መጠን እቶም ናይ TCM ሕክምናታት ተግባራዊ መንገድታት ኣብ ምውሳንን ስሉጥ ብዝኾነ መልክዑ ክፋላቶም ኣብ ምውዳድ ተግባር ኣዝዩ ስምዒት ዝስሕብ እዩ።
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
ብCOVID-19 ዝተጠርጠሩን ዝተረጋገፁን ሕሙማት ናይ እቲ ሕማም ተላጋቢነትን ሓደገኛነትን ተኸቲሉ ከቢድ ፍርሒ ይስመዖም። ኣብ ምዉሻብ ዝርከቡ ሰባት ድማ ትህኺት፣ ብሕታዉነትን ሕርቃንን ይስመዖም።
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
ብተወሳኺ ድማ፡ ከም ረስኒ፡ ሃይፕሲያ(hypoxia)ን ምስዓልን ዝኣምሰሉ ናይ እቲ ረኽሲ ምልክታትን ካልኦት ዘይተሓሰቡ ጽልዋታት ከም ብ ካርቲኮስትሮይድ ዝፍጠሩ ናይ ምድቃስ ጸገም( insomnia) ናብ ጭንቅትን ናይ ኣዕምሮ ዘይምርግጋዕን ክወስዱ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
ናይ SARS ለበዳ ኣብ መጀመርታ ደረጃ እንተሎ ከም ቀዋሚ ዲፕረሽን፣ ጭንቀት፣ ናይ ሽበራ መጥቃዕቲ፣ ሳይኮሞተር ኤክሳይትመንት፣ ሳይኮቲክ ምልክታት፣ ዲሊሪየም ከምኡዉን ዓርሰ ቅትለት ዝመሳሰሉ ናይ ኣእምሮ ሕማማት ተመዝጊቦም እዮም።
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
ከም ኣካል ን ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ዝግበር ናይ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ግብረ መልሲ፣ ግደን ክግበር ዘለዎ ናይ ርክብ ጽንዓትን ክትትልን ውሸባን፣ ሰባት ብዛዕባ እቲ ምምሕልላፍ፣ ውሸባን ኣብ ቤተሰቦም ኣዕርኽቶምን ዝህሉ ምግላልን ብምሕሳብ ኣዝዮም ክጭነቑን ናይ ጥፍኣት ስምዒት ክስመዖምን ይኽእል እዩ።
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
ስለዚ ንCOVID-19 ሕሙማት፣ ተጠርጠርትን ምስኦም ርክብ ዘለዎም ሰባትን ከምኡውን ነቲ ሓፈሻዊ ህዝቢ ናይ ስነልቦናዊ ሓገዝ ክወሃቦም ይግባእ።
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
እቲ ናይ ሰነ-ኣእምሮኣዊ ድጋፍ ካብ ብዙሕ ሞያታት ዝተዋጽኡ ናይ ኣእምሮ ጥዕና ሰብ ሞያታት ጉጅለታት ምጥያሽ፣ ብዛዕባ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ለበዳን ናይ ሕክምና መደባት፣ ምስ ሰባት ቅሩብ ርክብ ካብ ምግባር ዓርስኻ ኣብ ምዕቃብ ኣጠቓቕማ ሞያዊ እሌክትሮኒክስ መሳርሕታትን መተግበሪታትን ዝምልከት ግልጺ ዝኾነ ስሩዓትን ትኽክለኛታትን ምምሕያሻት ዘለውዎ ርክብ ዘጠቓለለ እዩ።
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
ካብ ተሸከምቲ እንስሳትን ዝተጠቕዑ ሕሙማትን ናብ ጥዕናኦም ዝተሓለወ ሰባት ዝተዘርገሐ ናይ መተሓላለፊ ሰንሰለት ንምብታኽ ዉፅኢታዊ ክትባት ኣድላይ እዩ። እዚ ክትባት ድማ ምስ ኣንቲቫይራል መድሓኒት ብሓባር ብምዃን እቲ ለበዳ ንምቁፅፃር ይሰርሕ።
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
ናይ ነዊሕ እዋንን ፅቡቕ ዓቕሚ ዘለዎን ከምኡውን ዘዳኽም ኣንቲቦዲን ንSARS-CoV ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ክብ ዘብልን ኣብ S ፕሮቲን ዝተደረኸ ክትባት ንምስራሕ ፃዕሪ ይካየድ ኣሎ።
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
ንSARS ዝኾኑ ካብ ዝተዳኸሙ ቫይረሳት ዝተሰርሑ ክትባታት ኣብ እንስሳት ፈተነ ተኻይዱሎም ኣሎ።
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
ኮይኑ ግና እዞም ናይ ክትባት ሕፁያት ኣብ ዓበይቲ ሰባት ዘለዎም ናይ ኢን ቪቮ ዉፅኢታዉነት ከምኡውን ቀታሊ-ፈተና ሞዴላትን ካብ እንስሳ ዝመፁ ቫይረሳት ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሙ ቅድሚ ክሊኒካዊ መፅናዕቲ ምጅማሩ ዝዉሰን ይኸዉን።
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
እዚ ድማ ቅድሚ 17 ዓመታት SARS ድሕሪ ምጥፋኡ ክሳብ ሕዚ ሓድሽ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ስለዘይተመዝገበ እዩ።
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
ብተፃራሪ፣ ዘይስሩዕ ናይ MERS ጉዳያት ለበዳን ክላስተርን ኣብ ማእኸላይ ምብራቕ ብቐጻልነት እናተረኸቡ እዮም፣ ቀጻልነት ዘለዎም ናይ እንስሳት ተሸከምቲ ብምህላዎም ድማ ናብ ካልኦት ከባቢታት ኣብ ምስፍሕፋሕ ይርከቡ።
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
ንMERS ዝኸዉን ናይ ክትባት ስትራቴጂ ዘይተነቓቕሑ ቫይረሳት፣ DNA ፕላዝሚድ፣ ቫይራል ቬክተርስ፣ ናኖፓርቲክልስ፣ ቫይረስ-ላይክ ፓርቲክልስን ሪኮምቢናንት ፕሮቲን ሳብዩኒትስን ብምጥቃም ተማዕቢሉ። ዝተወሰኑ ድማ ኣብ እንስሳት ፈተነ ተኻይድሎም።
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
እዚ ቀፃሊ ለበዳ ንምቁፅፃር ንSARS-CoV-2 መከላኸሊ ንዘይብሎም ሰባት ዝኸዉን ምዕባለ ድሕንነቱ ዝተሓለወን ዉፅኢታዊ ዝኾነን ክትባት የድሊ።
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ብሰንኪ ተለዋዋጢ ናይ CoVs ባህሪ ዝተልዓለ ክታበት ንምምዕባል ዘድሊ ዝተናወሐ ጊዜ(ብማእኸላይ 18 ኣዋርሕ) ነቲ ጸገም ንምስዓር ኣዝዩ ኣጸጋሚ እዩ።
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
COVID-19 ኖቨል ሕማም ብምዃኑ ሕዚ ናይ እቲ ሕማም ሙሉእ ናይ ክሊኒካዊ ኮርስ ኣብ ኣሽሓት ሕሙማት ምርኣይ ጀሚሩ ኣሎ።
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
መብዛሕትኡ ግዘ ሕሙማት ብዘይ ገለ ሕክምና ቀስብቐስ ዝድሕኑ እዮም።
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ምስ SARS ን MERS ብተመሳሳሊ፡ COVID-19 ምስ ዝለዓለ ኣብቶም ከቢድ ጉዳይ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ዝለዓለ ናይ ስነ-ኣዕምሮኣዊ ጸገም ምብጻሕን ሞትን ዘስዕብ እዩ።
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
ስለዚ ናይ ጥዕና ኤጀንሲታት ብፍላይ ድማ ናይ ሃፍቲ ገደብ ኣብ ዘለዎም ቦታታት ናይ ግልጋሎት ተቐዳምነት ንምሃብ ናይ እቲ ሕማም ትምቢት ዝገልፅ ሞዴል ምህናፅ የድሊ እዩ።
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
ክሳብ ሕዚ ኣብ ዝተገብሩ ክሊኒካዊ መፅናዕትታት ተደሪኽና እዞም ዝስዕቡ ምኽንያታት ንCOVID-19 ናይ ሕማም ትምቢት ፅዕንቶ ዝገብሩ እዮም (Table ​(Table33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
ዕድመ፡ ዕድመ ንSARSን COVID-19ን ናይ እቲ ሕማም ትምቢት ንምርዳእ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
ኣብ 8866 ጉዳያት ዝተገበረ ጽንዓት ከም እቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተገለጸ ክምዝሕብሮ፡COVID-19 ብ ዋናነት ኣብ ዕድመታት 30-65 እዩ ኣጋጢሙ፡ ካብዚኦም ድማ እቶም 47.7% ዝኾኑ ካብ 50 ንላዕሊ እዮም።
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ኣገልግሎት ዝጽበዩ ሕሙማት ዝጸንሐ ናይ ጥዕና ጸገም ዘለዎምን ብዕድመ ዝዓበዩን (ማእኸላይ ዕድመ 66 ብኣንጻር 51) ብምዃኖም ዕድመ ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ናይ ሕማም ጻዕቒ እጃም ከምዘለዎ ዘርኢ እዩ።
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
ፆታ፡ ኣብ ላዕሊ ከምዝተገለፀ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ ደቂ ኣንስቲዮ ንደቂ ተባዕቲዮ ብዝበለጸ ከምዘጥቅዕ (0.31/100,000 ምስ 0.27/100,000) ዝፍለጥ እዩ።
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
ተወሳኺ ሕማማትን ሳዕቤናትን፡ ላዕለዋይ ናይ ሕክምና ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም ብCOVID-19 ዝተጠቕዑ ሕሙማት ምስ ካልኦት እንትነፃፀሩ ብዝላዓለ ኩነታት ናብ ሃንደበታዊ ናይ ልቢ ጉድኣትን ኣሪትሚያን ይቃልዑ እዮም።
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
ኣብ ናይ ሳርስ(SARS) ሞት ምስ ልቢ ዝተተሓሓዙ ጉዳያት እውን ርኡይ ተራ ዝነበሮም እዮም።
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት SARS-COV-2 ምስ ACE2-positive cholangiocytes ብምጥማር ናይ ጣፍያ ሕማም ከምጽእ ከምዝኽእል ሓበሬታ ኣሎ።
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
ዕድመን ናይ ጥዕና ኹነታትን ዝዛመዱን ዝጻረሩን ክኾኑ ከምዝኽእሉ ኣቓልቦ ክወሃቦ ይግባእ።
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
ካብ ንቡር ወፃኢ ዝኾነ ናይ ላብራቶሪ ዉፅኢት፡ ኣብ ደም ዝርከብ መጠን C-ሪኣክቲቭ ፕሮቲን (CRP) ናይ እቲ ኢንፍላሜሽን ወይድማ ናይ ቲሹ ጉድኣት መጠን ከምዝገልፅን ናይ እቲ ሕማም ትምቢት፣ ንመድሓኒት ዘለዎ መልሲን ናይ እቲ ሕሙም ምድሓንን ክነግረና ይኽእል እዩ።
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
ናይ CRP መጠን ምስ ናይ COVID-19 ትምቢት ክዛመድ ከምዝኽእል እዉን ሓሳብ ቀሪቡ ኣሎ።
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
ብተወሳኺ ድማ ሓፍ ዝበለ መጠን ላክቴት ዲሃይድሮጂኔዝ (LDH)፣ ኣስፓርቴት ኣሚኖትራንስፈሬዝ (AST)፣ ኣላናይን ኣሚኖትራንስፈሬዝ (ALT)፣ ከምኡውን ክሪኣቲን ካይኔዝ (CK) ዉፅኢት ንምትንባይ ክሕግዝ ይኽእል እዩ።
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
እዞም ኣብ እዋን ናይ ክፋል ናይ ሰበነት ኣካል ሓደጋ ዝፍነዉ ኤንዛይማት ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ኣካላት ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ልቢን ፀሊም ከብድን ብጻዕቒ ዝግለጹ እዮም።
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
ስለዝኾነ ናይ ልቢ ወይድማ ፀሊም ከብዲ ሕማም ክነግሩና ዝኽእሉ ልሙዳት ሓበርቲ እዮም።
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
ዋና ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት፡ ናይ ደረት ራድዮግራፊ ን ጊዜያዊ ምዕባለ ናይ ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት ምስ ካልኦት ኩነታት ብሓደ ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ናይ ውጽኢት ትንበያታትን ዘምጽኦ ሕልኽላኻት ኣብ ምትንባይ ኣብ ግምት ውሽጢ ክኣትዉ ኣለዎም።
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
ናይ ስቴርዮድስ (steroids) ጥቕሚ፡ ኣብ ላዕሊ ከምዝተገለጸ፡ ስቴርዮድስ ኢሙኖሰፕረሳንት( immunosuppressant) ኮይኖም ብልሙድ ኣብ ናይ ረኽሲ ሕማማት ናይ እቲ ረኽሲ ጉድኣት ክብደት ንምቕናስ ከም ተተሓሓዚ ሕክምና ኣብ ጥቕሚ ዝውዕሉ እዮም።
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
ምውሳድ ልዑል መጠን ኮርቲኮስተሮይድስ(corticosteroids) ኣብ ከቢድ ናይ SARS ሕሙማት ይትግበር ብምንባሩ፣ መብዛሕቲኦም ካብ እቲ ሕማም ዝተረፉ ሰባት ብ ኣቫስኩላር ኦስቲዮኔክሮሲስ(avascular osteonecrosis) ዝበሃል ሕማም ብምጥቃዖም፣ ናይ ዕድመ ልክዕ ናይ ኣካል ጉድኣትን ድኹም ናይ ሂይወት ኰነታትን ኣጋጢሙዎም እዩ።
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
ስለዚ፡ ኣድላዪ እንተኾይኑ፡ ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ስቲርዮድስ ብ ትሑት መጠን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ክውዕሉ ኣለዎ።
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
ናይ ኣዕምሮ ጸቕጢ፡ ኣብ ላዕሊ ከምዝተገለፀ ኣብ እዋን ለበዳ COVID-19 ሰባት ንበይኖም እንትውሸቡን ናይ ቐረባ ዘመድን ሕሙማትን ክሞቱ እንትርእዩን ብዙሓት ሕሙማት ብናይ ኣዕምሮ ጸቕጢ እናተሳቐዩ ይርከቡ።
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
ነዞም ሕሙማት ካብ ጭንቀት ወጺኦም ናብ ንቡር ሂወቶም ንምምላስ፡ ሰነ-ኣዕምሮኣዊ ምኽሪን ናይ ነዊሕ ጊዜ ድጋፍ ምሃብ ከምዝግባእ ርዱእ እዩ።
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
በመሰረት ዝተኻየዱ ናይ ሰነ-ህዝቢ ጽንዓታት፡ COVID-19 ካብ SARS ዝተፈለየ ናይ ኢፒዲሚዮሎጂካል(epidemiological) መርኣያታት ኣለውዎ።
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
SARS-CoV-2 ካብ ኣብ ታሕተዋይ ናይ መተንፈሲ ኣካል ምርባሕ ብተወሳኺ ልክዕ ከም ሳዓል ዘምፁ ካልኦት CoVs ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ናይ መተንፈሲ ኣካል ብምርባሕ ኣብ እቲ ናይ ፈላማይ ደረጃ ቀሊል ዝበሃል ወይድማ ምንም ዓይነት ምልክት ዘይከርእዩ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
ስለዚህ፡ እቶም ኣብ ናይ መጀመሪያ ድረጃ ወይድማ ናይ ምፍልፋል ደረጃ ዝርከቡ በቲ ረኽሲ ዝተጠቕዑ ሕሙማት፡ኣብ ዕለታዊ ምንቅስቓሳት ብዙሕ መጠን ዘለዎ ቫይረስ ናይ ምፍራይ ተኸእሎ ዘለዎም ብምዃኖም ነቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ምቁጽጻር ዓብዪ ጸገም ዘስዕቡ እዮም።
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
ይኹን ደኣምበር ናይ SARS-CoV ምምሕልላፍ ሕሙማት ብጽኑዕ ካብ ዝሓመሙ ዝለዓለ እንትኾን ኣብ መጀመርታ ብርኪ ካብ ዘለው ሕሙማት ኣዝዩ ዝነኣሰ እዩ።
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
ስለዝኾነ ድማ ልዕሊ ለበዳ SARS ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ብጣዕሚ ሓደገኛ ምዃኑ ይግለፅ።
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
ዉሃንን ከባቢኣን ብምዕፃውን እቲ ህዝቢ ክዉሸብ ብምግባርን ለበዳ SARS-CoV-2 ንምቕናስ ኣብ ቻይና ዝተፈላለዩ ፃዕርታት ኣብ ምክያድ ይርከቡ።
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
ዋላእኳ እዞም ተግባራት ነቲ ቁጠባን ካልኦት ዘርፍታት ናይ እታ ሃገር ዝጎድኡ እንተኾኑ ናይ ሓደሽቲ ሕሙማት ቁፅሪ ይቕንስ ኣሎ እዚ ድማ እቲ ለበዳ ይቕንስ ምህላዉ ዘመላኽት እዩ።
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ማርች ከምዘቋርፅን ዉሑድ ቁፅሪ ጉዳያት ለበዳ ድማ ን 3-4 ኣዋርሕ ከምዝፀንሑን ይግመት።
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ገለ ሰብ ሞያ ክንድዚ ኣወንታዊ ኣይኮኑን።
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, et al., ካብ SARS ዝበኣሰ ዝመስል COVID-19 ኣብ 2020 ኣየብቅዕን ኢሉ ይግምት።
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Ira Longini, et al., ናይ እቲ ለበዳ ዉፅኢት ንምግማት ዘኽእል ሞዴል ብምስራሕ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ ዓለም ክልተ ሲሶ ህዝቢ ከጥቅዕ ከምዝኽእል ሓቢሩ።
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
ከም ጸብጻብ ሓደ ናይ ካናዳ ጉጅለ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ክልቲኡ ማለት እውን ኣብ ቅድሚ 2 ሰሙን ካብ ሆስፒታል ሓዊዮም ዝወጽኡ ሕሙማት ሚድ-ተርቢኔትን ኣብ ናይ ጉሮሮ መሕጸቢ ፋሳሲን እቲ ቫይረስ ክርከብ ክኢሉ እዩ፡ እዚ ድማ እቲ ሐዚ ሓዱሽ ዝተረኸበ ቫይረስ ሳይክላዊ ከም ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ክኸውን ክምዝኽእል ዘርኢ እዩ።
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ሓደሽቲ ጉዳያት ኣና ቐነሱ ኣብ ዝመጹሉ፡ ኣብ ቻይና ተስፋ ዝህቡ ምልክታት ኣጋጢሞም እዮም፡ እዚ ድማ እዞም ኣብ እዚ ሐዚ እዋን ዘለዉ ስትራቴጂታት እናሰርሑ ክኾኑ ከምዝኽእሉ ዘርኢ እዩ።
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
ኢቦላ ኣስታት ሓደ ሚልዮን ጉዳያት ለበዳ ከምዘኸትልን ፍርቂ ሚሊዮን ሞት ከምዘምፅን ተተምቢዩ ኔሩ።
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ጽኑዕ ውሸባን ዓርሰ ተነጽሎን፡ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ቁጽጽር ክውዕል ክኢሉ እዩ።
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
ልክዕ ከም SARS-CoV፡ SARS-CoV-2 እውን ኣብ ረኽሲ ናይ ምሳዓብን ሞት ናይ ምስዓብን ተኽእሎኡ ዝተሓተ ክኸውን እንከሎ ኣብ ከይዲ ምስ ደቂ ሰባት ብሓባር ዝነብር፡ ትሑት ሕማም ናይ ምስዓብ ተኽእሎ ዘለዎ ቫይረስ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ምስ SARSን MERS ዘለዎ ንጽጽር ኣብ ታሕቲ ዘሎ (Fig. ​(Fig.55) ቀሪቡ ኣሎ።
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 ብ ምስዓልን ምህንጣስን ኣዝዩ ተመሓላላፋይ እንትኾን፡ ምስ በቲ ቫይረስ ዝተበከሉ ናውቲታት ዝግበር ቀጠተዊ ዝኾነ ምንኽኻእ እውን ክመሓላለፍ ይኽእል እዩ።
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
እቲ ቫይረስ ኣብ ሰገራ እዉን ብምርካቡ ካብ ሰገራ-ናብ-ኣፍ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ዓቕሚ ክህልዎ ክመዝኽእል ይሕበር።
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
ኣብ 138 ጉዳያት ዝተገበረ ናይ ቀረባ እዋን ጽንዓት ከምዝጸብጸቦ፡ 41% ጉዳያት ብ ኖሶኮሚያል(nosocomial) ረኽሲታት ዝተፈጠሩ ከምዝኾኑን ካብዚኦም ድማ 40 ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ወሃብቲ ሓዊሱ እቶም 17 ሕሙማት ካልኦት ሕማማት ዘልዉዎም እዮም።
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
ስለዚ፡ ደቂ-ሰባት ንምሕላው ብፍላይ ድማ ን ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ወሃብቲ፡ ማሕበራዊ ሰራሕተኛታት፡ ናይ ቤተሰብ ኣባላት፡ መሳርሕቲን ዋላ ኣብ እቲ ዘይምልከቶም ምስ ሕሙማት ንኽከእ ዘለዎም ሰባት እውን እንትኾነ ንምሕላው ዓብዪ ጥንቃቐ ክግበር ኣለዎ።
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
ናይ እቲ ረኽሲ ሓደጋ ኣብ ምቕንስ እቲ ከም ናይ መጀመሪያ መሰመር ምክልኻል ኣብ ጥቅሚ ክውዕል ዝኽእል ናይ ገጽ መሸፈኒ ማስክ ፡ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክ ይኹን ናይ N95 ናይ መተንፈሲ ማስክታት( series # 1860s) ዝበሃሉ ማስክታት ምግባር እንትኸውን፡ እዚኦም ድማ ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ዝርጋሐ ንምቁጽጻር ዝሕግዙ እዮም።
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
ናይ መጥባሕቲ ገጽ መሸፈኒ ማስክታት ካብ በቲ ረኽሲ ዝተጠቕዐ ሰብ ዝወጽኡ ፈሰስቲ ንጣባት ኣብ ኣየር ከይጎዓዙን ኣብ ናይ ነገራት ገጽ ተጣቢቖም ናብ ካልኦት ሰባት ንከይመሓላለፉ ዝከላኸሉ እዮም።
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
ኮይኑ ግና 10 to 80 nm ዝኾኑ ኣናእሽተይ ቫይሮናት ንምክልኻል ዘኽእል N95 (series # 1860s) ማስክ ጥራሕ እዩ። ካብዞም ኣናእሽተይ ቫይሮናት 5% ጥራሕ ነቲ ማስክ ጥሒሶም ክኣተዉ ይኽእሉ። መጠን ክልቲኦም SARS-CoV-2ን SARS-CoVን ከባቢ 85 nm እዩ።
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
ባእታትት እስካብ ሓሙሽተ ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክታት ዘሊቖም ናይ ምእታው ተኽእሎ ዘለዎም ብምዃኑ፡ ምስ ሕሙማት ቀጥታዊ ርክብ ዘለዎም ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ወሃብቲ ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክ ከይኮነ N95 (series # 1860s) ማስኪታት ክገብሩ ኣለዎም።
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
ካብ ማስክ ሓሊፉ ናይ ጥዕና ባዓል ሞያታት ንዕዖም ዝምጥን ንፁል ጋዎን ብምኽዳን ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ምምሕልላፍ ምቕናስ የድሊ።
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
ቫይረሳት ን ሓደ ሰብ ብዓይኒ እዉን ከጥቅዑ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
ኣብ ጃንዋሪ 22፣ 2020 ሓደ ሓኪም ዋላ እኳ N95 ማስክ ተጠቒሙ እንተነበረ ብSARS-CoV-2 ተጠቒዑ። እቲ ቫይረስ ብኢንፍላማቶሪ ኣዒንቲ ኣቢሉ ከምዝኣተወ ይግመት።
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
ሕሙም ክሕክሙ ከለዉ ናይ ጥዕና ባዓል ሞያታት ብርሃን ዘእቱ ናይ ገፅ መሸፈኒ ወይድማ መነፀር ክጥቀሙ ይግባእ።
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
ኣብ ዝተጠቕዑ ቦታታት ንዝነብሩ ህዝቢታት ኢድና ብሳሙና ካብ ዝተለመደ ጊዜ ንላዕሊ ምሕፃብ፣ ኣብ ገዛ ምዉሻብን ምስ ዝተጠቕዑ ሰባት ዘለና ርክብ ምቕናስ ኣድላዪ እዩ።
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
ሰባት ካብ ሕሙም ሰለስተ እግሪ ዝኣክል ክርሕቑ ኣለዎም።
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
እዞም ተግባራት ኢንፌክሽን ናይ ምፍጣር ሓደጋ ንምቕናስን እቲ ሕማም ንከይላበድ ንምክልኻልን ዝጠቕሙ ዉፅኢታዊ መንገድታት እዮም።
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
ዋላኳ SARS-CoV-2 ንወድሰብ ሓድሽ ቫይረስ እንተኾነ ኣብ 7 ጥሪ 2020 ከምዝተገለፀ ኣብ 2003 ብዘጋጠመ ናይ SARS ለበዳ መሰረት ብምግባር እቲ ቫይረስ ምስ SARS-CoV ዘለዎ ተመሳሳልነት ንቻይና ዓቢ መጠንቀቕታ ክኸዉን ኔሩዎ።
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ እስካብ ጃኑዋሪ 19 2020 ናይ ዉሃን ናይ ሕማም ቁጽጽር ማእኽል ዳይሬክተር ነቶም ዜጋታት እቲ ኖቨል ቫይረስ ትሑት ተዛማትነት ከምዘለዎን ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ድማ ውሱን ተፋራይነት ከምዘለዎን፡ ንምቁጽጻሩ ድማ ኣጸጋሚ ከምዘይኸውን ሓቢሮም ከረጋግኡዎም ኣይከኣሉን ነይሮም።
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
እዚ መልእኽቲ ኣብ እቲ ህዝቢ ዝነበረ ፍርሒ ክቕንስ ጌርዎ እዩ ብፍላይ ድማ እታ መላእ ሃገር ነቲ ናይ Spring Festival (ፅድያ ባዓል) እንትዳሎ እቲ ሕማም ገና ኣብ ዉሃን እንተሎ ንምቁፅፃር ዘኽእል ዝነበረ ወሳኒ ጊዜ ሓሊፉ እዩ።
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከብ ናይ ሕማም ቁፅፅር ኤጀንሲ እዚ ከቢድ ትምህርቲ ቀሲሙ ንቀፃሊ ኣገዳሲ ምምሕያሻት ከምፅእ ይኽእል እዩ።
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
ንኣብነት፡ እዞም ኤጀንሲታት(1) ናይ ህዝባዊ መግለጺታት ኣብ ዝህብሉ ሰዓት ብዛዕባ ዝጥቀሙዎም ሕድሕድ ቃላት ክጥንቀቑ ኣለዎም ምኽኒያቱም ናይ ዜጋታት ኣመለኻኽታን ውሳነታትን ክቕይር ዝኽእል ብምዃኑ፡ (2) ስሩዕ ናይ ዶክተራት ወይድማ ናይ ሰበ ስልጣናት መግለጺ ካብ ምጽባይ፡ ተኣፍፍነት ን ተዋሃድነትን ዘለዎም ዘይተለመዱ ናይ ክሊኒክ ሓበሬታት (3) እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ናይ መጀመሪ ደረጃ እናሃለው ዝግባእ ናይ ምክልኻል ስራሕ ምስራሕ ነቲ ህዝቢ ንምርግጋዕ ካብ ምፍታን (4) ናይ ህዝቢ ብዛዕባ እቲ ለበዳ ዘለዎ ንቕሓትን ግንዛበን ንምዕባይ፡ ንጹር ዝኾኑን ሽቶኦም ዝፍለጡን ኣካይዳታት ብምኽታል፡ ናይ እቲ ማሕበረሰብ ምርመራን መልሲ ወሃቢ ስርዓት ስሩዕ ብ ዝኾነ መንገዲ ምምሕያሽ።
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
እቲ ብ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተብሃለ ኖቨል ቫይረስ ዝተበገሰ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ኣብ ዲሰምበር 2019 እዩ ጀሚሩ።
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
እዚ ፅሑፍ ኣብ ዝፀሓፈሉ እዋን ክልተ ኣዋርሕ ኣብዘይመልአ ጊዜ ኣብ መላእ ቻይናን ናብ ልዕሊ 50 ሃገራትን ተላቢዑ እዩ።
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
እቲ ቫይረስ ምስ SARS-CoV ተመሳሳሊ ብምዃኑን እቶም ምልክታቱ ድማ ኣብ መንጎ COVID-19ን ኣብ SARS እውን ተመሳሰልቲ ብምዃኖም፡ ናይ COVID-19 ለበዳ ልክዕ ከም ናይ SARS ዓይነት ስምዒት ዝፈጠረ እዩ።
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
ይኹን ደኣምበር ኣብ ሞንጎ COVID-19ን SARSን ነቲ ሕማምን ለበዳን ንምቁጽጻር ዘኽእሉ ኣገደስቲ ኣፍላላይ ይርኣዩ እዮም።
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 ካብ መንእሰይ ንላዕሊ ንዓበይቲ፣ ካብ ደቂ ኣንስቲዮ ንላዕሊ ድማ ንደቂ ተባዕቲዮ ዘጥቅዕ እዩ። ናይ እቲ ሕማም ሓደገኛነትን ናይ ሞት መጠንን እዉን ካብ መናእሰይ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ይገድድ።
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS ምስ COVID-19 እንትነፃፀር ናይ ሞት መጠኑ (10.91% ኣንጻር 1.44%) ዝለዓለ እዩ።
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ዋላኳ ምልክት ኣየርእዩ ነቲ ቫይረስ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎም ፡ ናይ SARS ሕሙማት ግን ኣዝዮም ኣብ ዝሓሙሉ ጊዜ እዩ እዚ ክኸውን ዝኽእል እዚ ድማ፡ ን COVID-19 ምቁጽጻር ካብ SARS ኣዝዩ ዝኸበደ ንክኸውን ይገብሮ።
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
እዚ ድማ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ SARS-CoV ብዝሰፍሐ መጠን ንምንታይ ከምዝመሓላለፍ ዘረድእ እዩ።
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
እቲ ስሩዕ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዝኽነ RNA ኣብ ገለ ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ኣሉታዊ ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
ብኻልእ ወገን ድማ ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማት ን ኻልኣይ ግዘ እቲ ቫይረስ ክርከቦም ይኽእል እዩ።
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
እዞም ርካቦታት ብቕጽበት ናይ እቲ ቫይረስ ዝርጋሐ ዝውሰኹ እዮም።
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
እቶም ዝተገብሩ ቅልጡፋት ናይ CoVID-19 ምርመራታት ብምውሳድ ብዙሓት ወሰንቲ ሽግራት ከምዚ ዝስዕብ ፍታሕ ይጽበዩ ኣለው።
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
SARS-CoV-2 ካበይ ዝመጸ እዩ?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
ዋላኳ ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ን ክልተ ናይ መንካዕ SARS-መሰል CoVs 96% ናይ ጀነቲክ ሆሞሎጎ ዝተረኸቡ እንተኾኑ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ መንካዓት ኢልና ምውሳን ኣይንክእልን።
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
ነቲ ቫይረስ ካብ ዋና ተሸካሚኡ፡ ማለት እውን ካብ መንካዕ ናብ ሰባት ከም ማእኸላይ መማሓላለፋይ ዝኾነ እንስሳ እንታይ እዩ?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
ናይ #1ን 2ን መልሲ እንተይፈለጥና እቲ ሕማም ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ክንዓግቶ ኣይንኽእልን በዚ ምኽንያት ድማ እቲ ለበዳ ካሊእ ጊዜ ተመሊሱ ክመፅእ ይኽእል እዩ።
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
ናይ ሞለኪል ሞዴሊንግን ባዮኬሚካል ኣሴይን SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ACE2 ከምዝጣመር ዋላ እንተገለፀ እቲ ቫይረስ ናብ ናይ መተንፈሲ ኣካል ዝርከቡ ዋህዮታት ከመይ ጌሩ ኣቲዩ ፓቶሎጂካል ለዉጥታት የምፅእ?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
እቲ ቫይረስ ናይ ACE2-EXPRESSING ወህዮታት እውን ዝሓዘ ድዩ?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
ነዞም ሕቶታት ዝወሃብ ግልጺ ዝኾነ መልሲ ኣብዘይተውሃበሉ፡ ቅልጡፍን ምርመራን ስሉጥን ሕክምናን ምግባር ኣይንኽእልን።
How long will the epidemic last?
እቲ ለበዳ ክሳብ መዓስ ክጸንሕ ይኽእል?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ኣብ ዝላገበሉ እዋን እቲ ቫይረስ ከመይ ጌሩ ጀነቲካዊ ምዕባለታት የርኢ?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
ዓለምለኸዊ ለበዳ ክኽዉን ዶ ይኾን፣ ከም SARS ይጠፍእ ወይድማ ከም ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ሓልሓሊፉ ዝኽሰት ይኸዉን?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
ኣገዳሲ ዋላ እንተኾነ ነዞም ኣብ ላዕሊ ዘለዉን ካልኦት ሕቶታትን ንምምላስ ዘድልዩ መፅናዕቲ ንምክያድ ግዜ ከድሊ እዩ።
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
ይኹን ደኣምበር፡ ዝሓቶ ዝኾነ ይኹን ወጻኢ ወጺኡ፡ ነዚ ለበዳ ብ ዝተኽኣለ መጠን ኣብ ዝሓጸረ ጊዜ ጠጠው ኣቢልናዮ ናብ ልሙድ ሂወትና ክንምለስ ካብ ምግባር ካልእ ኣማራጺ የብልናን።
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
ናይ ደቂ ሰባት ኮሮናቫይረስ ዙኖቲካዊ መበቆል
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
ንኣሽሓት ንዝቑጸሩ ዓመታት ብምኽንያት ሚዩቴሽንን ምልማድን ንወድሰብ ሓዊሱ ናይ ኮሮና ቫይረሳትን(CoVs) መጸግዒታቶምን ዝግመት ለውጢ ኣምጽዮም እዮም።
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
ቕድሚ 2003 ክልተ ናይ ሰባት CoVs (HCoVs) ከም ሰዓል ዘበለ ማእኸላይ ሕማም ከዘስዕቡ ይፍለጥ።
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
ናይ ከቢድ ህጹጽ ናይ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ሲንድረም (SARS) ለበዳን ናይ ማእኸላይ ምብራቕ ስርዓት ምስትንፋስ (MERS) ለበዳን ናይ HCoV ረኽሲ ክንደየናይ ንህይወት ኣስጋኢ ከምዝኾነ ከርእዩና ክኢሎም ኣለዉ።
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 ብኣቆጻጽራ ኣውሮፓ ኣብ መፈጸምታ 2019 ኣብ ማእኸላይ ቻይና ብምርካቡ CoVታት ኣብ ኣተኩሮኣትዮም ነይሮም። CoVs ልዑል ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ክእለት ዋላ’ኳ እንተለዎ ካብ SARS-CoV ግን ዝተሓተ ናይ ሕማም ተኽእሎ የርእይ።
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
HCoV ረኽሲ ዙኖሲስ እንትኸውንን ናይ HCoVs ዙኖቲክ መበቆል ምርዳእ ይጠቕመኩም እዩ።
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
መብዛሕትኦም HcoVታት ካብ ለዃኺቶታት ዝመጹ ኮይኖም ሕማም ዘስዕቡ ድማ ኣይኮኑን።