atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
In comparison to other single-stranded RNA viruses, the estimated mutation rates of CoVs could be regarded as “moderate” to “high” with an average substitution rate being ~10-4 substitution per year per site 2, depending on the phase of CoV adaptation to novel hosts.
ምስ ካልኦት ነፀላ ገመድ ዘለዎም RNA ቫይረሳት እንትነፃፀር ናይ CoVs ሙቴሽን መጠን ካብ ማእኸላይ እስካብ ዝለዓለ ከምዝኾነ ይሕሰብ። እቲ ማእኸላይ ናይ መትካእ ፍጥነት ድማ ~10-4 ናይ ምትካእ ፍጥነት ብ ዓመት ብ ሳይት 2 ኮይኑ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ናይቲ ሓድሽ ተሸካማይ ምስ CoV ዘለዎ ምልምማድ ይዉሰን።
CoVs have a proof-reading exoribonuclease, deletion of which results in exceedingly high mutability and attenuation or even inviability.
CoVs proof-reading exoribonuclease ኣለዎም። ናይዚ ምጥፋእ ድማ ዝለዓለ ምልማድን ምቅይያርን የስዕብ።
Interestingly, the nucleotide analogue Remdesivir is known to suppress CoV replication through inhibition of this exoribonuclease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
እቲ ረምዲስቪር ተባሂሉ ዝፅዋዕ ኒኩሎታይድ ኣናሎግ ኢክዞራይቦኒዩክሊዝን ናይ RNA ፅግዕተኛ RNA ፖሊመሬዝን ደው ብምባል ምርባሕ CoVs ይከላኸል።
Remdesivir is one of most promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents to be tested in clinical trials.
ካብ ኣብ ክሊንካዊ መጽናዕቲ ዘለዎ ጸረ SARS-CoV-2 መድሃኒታት እቲ ዝለዓለ ተስፋ ዘለዎ Remdesivir እዩ።
Nevertheless, mutation rates of CoVs are about a million times higher than those of their hosts.
እንተኾነ እውን፣ ናይ CoVs ሚቹዌሽን ሬታት ልዕሊ መሕደሪታቶም ብሚልዮናት ይበልጹ።
In addition, mutation rate is often high when CoVs are not well adapted to the host.
ብተወሳኺ ምስ መጸገዕቲ ዘይምልማድ ኣብዝህሉ ጊዜ CoVs ብቕልጡፍ ይለዋውጡን ይላመዱን።
Compared to SARS-CoV with a high mutation rate, the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 is apparently lower, suggestive of a higher level of adaptation to humans.
ምስ ልዑል ናይ ሚቹዌሽን ሬት ዘለዎ SARS-CoV እንትነጻጸር፣ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ሚችዌሽን ሬት ትሑት እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ ልዑል ምስ ሰባት ናይ ምልማድ ዓቅሚ ከመዘለዎ የርኢ።
Presumably, it has already been adapted to another host close to humans.
ምናልባት ናብ ሰባት ናብ ዝመሳሰሉ እንስሳት ቐዲሙ ተመሓላሊፉ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
In addition to SARS-CoV-2, this also applies to MERS-CoV, which is well adapted to dromedary camels.
ብተወሳኺ ን SARS-CoV-2፣ እዚ ድማ ን MERS-CoV እውን ይምልከት፣ ምስ ድሮሜዳሪ ኣግማል ብጽቡቕ ዝተላመደ እዩ።
Theoretically, it is unlikely that genetic drift would render vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 ineffective quickly.
ብስነ ሓሳብ እቲ ናይ ጀነቲክስ ኣፈላላይ ንSARS-CoV-2 ዝስራሕ ክታበት ወይ ድማ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒታት ዘይዉፅኢታዊ ኣይገብሮን።
Second, the large RNA genome in CoVs exerts extra plasticity in genome modification for mutations and recombination, thereby increasing the probability for interspecies co-evolution, which is advantageous for the emergence of novel CoVs when the conditions become appropriate.
ካልኣይ፣ እቲ ኣብ CoVs ዘሎ ዓብዪ ናይ RNA ጄኖም፣ ኣብ ን mutations(ጀነቲካዊ ለውጢ)ን recombination(ጀነቲካዊ ምድቓል) ዝግበሩ ናይ ጄኖም ምምሕያሻት ተወሳኺ ተለጣጢነት ብምስዓብ፣ በዚ ድማ ናይ ካብ ዓሌት ናብ ዓሌት ዝግበር ናይ ሓባር ዝግመታዊ ለውጢ ዕድል ይውስኽ፣ ኩነታት ኣብ ዝጥዕሙሉ እቲ ኖቨል CoVs ንክወጽእ ድማ ይጥዕሞ።
This is supported by the copious unique open reading frames and protein functions encoded towards the 3′ end of the genome.
እዚ ብናይቐደምቲ ናይ ንባብ ሳንዱቕን ፕሮቲን ተግባራት ክሳብ ናይ 3’ ጫፍ ናይቲ ጄኖም ዝተቐመጡ እዮም።
Third, CoVs randomly and frequently switch templates during RNA replication through a unique “copy-choice” mechanism.
ሳልሳይ ኣብ እዋን ምብዛሕ ምርባሕ RNA CoVs ብሃንደበትን ብተደጋጋምን ቕርጾምን ቦትኦምን ይቕይሩ።
In a host that serves as the mixing vessel, strand switching occurs frequently during CoV RNA transcription.
ከም ሕዋስ መሕደሪ ኮይኑ ዘገልግል መሕደሪ እንስሳ፣ ኣብ እዋን CoV RNA ትራንስክሪፕሽን ናይ ስትራንድ ምቅይያር ብተደጋጋሚ ዝፍጠር እዩ።
Highly homologous full-length and subgenomic RNAs could recombine to generate new CoVs.
ብጣዕሚ ዝመሳሰሉ ሙሉእ ቁመትን ሳብጀኖሚክን ዝኾኑ RNA ተጣሚሮም ሓድሽ CoVs ይፈጥሩ።
Phylogenetic evidence of natural recombination has been found in both HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, as well as animal CoVs such as bat SL-CoV and batCoV-HKU9.
ኣብ HCoV-HKU1ን HCoV-OC43ን ከምኡዉን ኣብ ከም bat SL-CoV and batCoV-HKU9 ዝመሳሰሉ ንእንስሳ ዘጥቅዑ CoVs ቫይረሳት ናይ ተፈጥራዊ ሪኮምብኔሽን ፋይሎጀነቲክስ መረዳእታ ተረኺቡ።
Virus-host interaction in relation to transmission
ኣብ መንጎ ተሰካሚ ቫይረስን ዘሎ ርክብ ምስ ምምሕልላፍ ክነጻጸር ከሎ
Besides three viral factors stated above, viral interaction with host receptor is another key factor influential on interspecies transmission.
ካብ እቶም ልዕል ክብሉ ዝተጠቐሱ ሰለስተ ቫይረሳት ብተወሳኺ፣ ናይ ቫይረስ ምስ ናይ መሕደሪኡ ተቐበልቲ ምትእትታዋት ንናይ ካብ ዓሌት ናብ ዓሌት ምምሕልላፍ ዓቕሙ ዝጸሉ ቁልፊ ነገር እዩ።
Herein, recombination of SARS-CoV is taken as a typical example, which also showed evidence of positive selection during interspecies transmission events.
ናይ SARS-CoV ጥምረት ከም ኣብነት ምዉሳድ ይከኣል እዩ። እዚ ድማ ኣብ እዋን ምትሕልላፍ ሕማም ኣብ ሞንጎ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓሌታት እንስሳት ናይ ኣወንታዊ መረፃ መረዳእታ ይርከብ።
Based on the comparative analysis between isolates of human and civet SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV is thought to undergo rapid adaptation in different hosts, particularly with mutations at the RBD of the S protein.
ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ሰባትን ዝባድን SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV ዝተገበረ ንጽጽር ናብ ዝተፈላለየ መሕደሪታት ብቐሊሉ ምልማድ ከምዝኅሉ ኣርእዩ፣ ብፍላይ ብ RBD ናይ S ፕሮቲን mutations(ጀነቲካዊ ለውጢ) ።
Generally, the RBD in the S protein of a CoV interacts with the cellular receptor and is intensely selected by the host antibody response.
ብሓፈሻ፣ ኣብ ናይ CoV S ፕሮቲን ዘሎ RBD ምስ እቲ ዋህዮኣዊ ተቐባሊ ይራኸብ እዩ፣ በቲ ናይ እቲ መሕደሪኡ ኣንቲቦዲ ምላሽ ድማ እዩ ዝምረጽ።
In SARS-CoV, the RBD is in the 318th to 510th amino acids on the S1 fragment, which binds to the human ACE2 as well as its coreceptors for viral entry.
ኣብ SARS-CoV፣ RBD ኣብ መበል 318 ክሳብ 510 ኣሚኖኣሲድ ኣብ S1 ፍራግመንት እዩ፣ ንናይ ሰባት ACE2 ን ተሓባበርቲ ተቐበልቱን ንቫይራል ምእታው ዘተሓሕዙ እዮም።
The RBD of SARS-CoV is capable of recognizing the ACE2 receptors of various animals, including bat, civet, mouse and raccoon dog, allowing interspecies transmission of the virus.
እቲ ናይ SARS-CoV ዝኾነ RBD ፣ናይ ለዃኺቶ፣ ዝባድ፣ ኣንጭዋን ራኩንን ከልቢን ሓዊሱ ናይ ዝተፈላለዩ እንስሳት ACE2 ተቐበልቲ ናይ ምፍላጥ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ፣ እዚ ድማ እቲ ቫይረስ ኣብ መንጎ ዓሌታት ዝህልዎ ምምሕልላፍ ዝፍቅድ እዩ።
In fact, only 6 amino acid residues were observed to be different from human and civet viral isolates in the RBD and 4 of them locate in the receptor-binding motif for interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
ብርግጽ፣ 6 ናይ ኣሚኖ ኣሲድ ዝቃጫት ጥራሕ እዮም ካብ ሰባትን ካብ RBD ዝተወሰዱ ናይ ዝባድ ቫይረሳትን ዝተፈለዩ ከምዝኾኑ ዝተራእዩ፣ እቶም 4 ድማ ምስ ናይ ACE2 ተቐባሊ ንምርኻብ፣ ኣብ ናይ ተቐባሊ-መተሓሓዚ ዝርከቡ እዮም።
Civet SARS-CoV has K479N and S487T mutations in its RBD, which might increase the affinity of the interaction of spike protein with human ACE2 receptor.
ናይ ዝባድ SARS-CoV K479N ን S487T ን mutations(ጀነቲካዊ ለውጢ) ኣብ RBD ኣለዎ፣ ናይ እዞም ስፓይክ ፕሮቲናት ምስ ናይ ሰብ ACE2 ተቐበልቲ ናይ ምትእትታው ዓቕሙ ልዑል ክገብሮ ይኽእል እዩ።
In other words, these two amino acid substitutions might be critical to viral adaption to humans.
ብኻሊእ ኣበሃህላ፣ እዞም ክልተ ናይ ኣሚኖ ኣሲድ ተተካእቲ ቫይራል ምስ ሰባት ምልማድ ወሰንቲ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
It is noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 shares the same cellular receptor with SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoVs-2 ምስ SARS-CoV ሓደ ዓይነት ናይ ዋህዮ ተቐባሊ ከምዘለዎም ትኹረት ክወሃቦ ይግባእ።
A 30% difference between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the S1 unit of the S protein implicates that the binding affinity of its S protein with human ACE2 might have altered.
30% ፍልልይ ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ን SARS-CoV ን ኣብ S1 ዩኒት ናይ S ፕሮቲን ዘርኢ ናይ S ፕሮቲኑ ናይ ምስ ናይ ሰባት ACE2 ናይ ምትሕሓዝ ዓቕሙ የርኢ።
Indeed, a cryo-EM study indicates a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity of this binding than that between human ACE2 and SARS-CoV S protein.
ኣብ cryo-EM ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ካብ ኣብ ሰባት ዝርከብ ACE2ን ናይ SARS-CoV S ፕሮቲን ዘለዎ ጥምረት ብ10 ክሳብ 20 ዕጽፊ ይልዕል።
It will also be of interest to determine whether any other coreceptor might be required for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 ንኽመሓላለፍ ካልእ ተወሳኺ ተቐባሊ ዘድሊ ምዃኑ እዉን ክነረጋግፅ ይግባእ።
Intriguingly, HCoV-NL63 also binds to ACE2 but with a different part of S.
ብዘገርም ኩነታት፣ HCoV-NL63 ብዘተፈለየ ናይ S ክፋል ምስ ACE2 እውን ይተሓሓዝ እዩ።
There exist many other HCoV receptors, such as aminopeptidase N for HCoV-229E, and 9-O-acetylated sialic acid for HCoV-OC43.
ብዙሓት ናይ HCoV ተቐበልቲ ኣለዉ ከም ኣሚኖፔፕቲዴዝ ኤን ን HCoV-229E ከምኡ ድማ 9-O-acetylated sialic acid ን HCoV-OC43።
They might also account for successful adaptation of these CoVs in humans after interspecies transmission from their animal hosts.
ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ እንስሳት ናብ ደቂ ሰባት ዝሓልፉ CoVs ዑዉት ምልማድ ክህልዎም ይኽእል።
In addition to cellular receptors, the outcome of interspecies transmission of HCoVs is also governed by other host dependency and restriction factors.
ኣብ ናይ ዋህዮ ተቐባልቲ ብተወሳኺ፣ ናይ እዞም ኣብ መንጎ ዓሌታት ዘለዉ ናይ HcoVs ምምሕልላፍት ውጽኢት፣ ብናይ ካልእ መሕደሪ ዋህዮን እገዳዊ ምኽንያታትን ዝምራሕ እዩ።
The divergence of these host proteins between humans and natural reservoir hosts of HCoVs such as bats, dromedary camels and rodents might constitute a barrier to interspecies transmission.
ናይ እዞም መሕደሪ ፕሮቲናት ኣብ መንጎ ሰባትን ተፈጥሮኣዊ መሕደሪታትን ናይ HCoVs ከም ለዃኺቶ፣ ድሮሜዳሪ ግመላትን ኣንጭዋታትን ዘሎ ምፍለላይ ካብ ዓሌት ናብ ዓሌት ኣብ ዘሎ ምትሕለልላፍ ገደብ ከቐምጥ ዝኽእል እዩ።
HCoVs have to usurp host dependency factors and subvert host restriction factors for a successful interspecies transmission.
HcoVs ን ዕዉት ኣብ መንጎ ዓሌታት ዝህሉ ምምሕልላፋት ፣ ናይ መሕደሪ እንስሳ ጽግዕተኛነት ወሰንቲ ጉዳያትን ክቆጻጸር፣ ነቶም ናይ መሕደሪ እንስሳ ናይ ገደብ ወሰንቲ ጉድያት ድማ መሊኡ ክድህምስ ኣለዎ።
In this regard, molecular determinants in this important area of virus-host interaction remain to be identified and characterized.
በዚ ምኽንያት ኣብቲ ናይ ቫይረስን ተሸካሚ ቫይረስን ዘሎ ዝምድና ዝርከብ ናይ ሞለኪላር ወሳኒ ነጥቢ ገና ኣይተፈልጠን።
An unbiased genome-wide screening of host dependency and restriction factors for SARS-CoV-2 using the state-of-the-art technology of CRISPR might be fruitful.
ሚዛናው ዝኾነ ናይ እቲ መሕደሪ ናይ ጄኖም-ሙሉእ ምርመራ ምክያድን ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ገደብ ምኽንያታት ናይ CRISPR ኣርት ቴክኖሎጂ ሜላ ብምጥቃም ምክያድ ፍረ ዘለዎ ክኾን ይኽእል እዩ።
Emergence of novel HCoVs: back to ground zero
ናይ እዚ ሓድሽ HcoVs ኣመጻጽኣ: ናብ ባይታዊ ዜሮ ንምለስ
The diversity of bat CoVs provides ample opportunities for the emergence of novel HCoVs.
ናይ ለዃኺቶ CoVs ዝተፈላለዩ ምዃን ንናይ ኖቭል HcoVs ምምጻ ገፊሕ ዕድል ዝህብ እዩ።
In this sense, bat CoVs serve as the gene pool of HCoVs.
እዚ ማለት፣ ለዃኺቶ CoVs ናይ HCoVs ጂን መራብሒ ኮይና ተገልግል ማለት እዩ።
In addition, rapid mutation and genetic recombination also drive HCoV evolution and serve as two important steps in this process.
ብተወሳኺ፣ ቅልጡፍ mutation(ጀነቲካዊ ለውጢ)ን ጀነቲካዊ ምድቓላት( genetic recombination) ናይ HcoV ዝግመታዊ ለውጢ ኣብምምጻእን ኣብ እዚ መስርሕ ድማ ክልተ ጠቐምቲ ስጉምቲታት ኮይኖም የገልግሉ።
For example, the acquisition or loss of novel protein-coding genes has the potential to drastically modify viral phenotypes.
ን ኣብነት፣ ናይ ኖቭል ፕሮቲን-ኮዲንግ ጂናት ምእካብ ወይ ምስኣን ቫይራል ፎኖታይፓት ብሰፊሑ ናይ ምምሕያሽ ዓቕሚ ኣለዎ።
Among SARS-CoV accessory proteins, ORF8 has been thought to be important in adaptation to humans, as SARS-CoV-related bat viruses were isolated but found to encode divergent ORF8 proteins.
ካብ ናይ SARS-CoV ተቐጸልቲ ፕሮቲናት ውሽጢ ORF8 ኣብ ናይ ሎዃኺቶ SARS-CoV ብዘይመርካቡ፤ ናብ ሰባት ክመሓላለፍ ዝገበርዎ ORF8 ከምዝኾነ ይእመን።
A 29-nucleotide deletion characteristic of SARS-CoVs has been found in strains isolated at the beginning of the human epidemic.
ናይ SARS-CoVs 29-ኒክሎታይድ ምድምሳስ ባህርያት ኣብቶም ኣብ እዋን መፈለምታ ናይ ደቂ ሰባት ለበዳ ዝተፈለዩ ስትረይናት ውሽጢ ዝተረኸበ እዩ።
This deletion splits ORF8 into ORF8a and ORF8b and is thought to be an adaptive mutation that promotes the switch of hosts.
እዚ ምድምሳስ ORF8 ናብ ORF8aን ORF8bን ይገምዖ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ቫይረስ ካብ ሓደ ተሸካማይ ናብ ካሊእ ንክመሓላለፍ ዝሕግዝ ናይ ምልማድ ሙቴሽን እዩ።
Besides, SARS-CoV has a possible recombination history with lineages of alpha- and gamma-CoVs, where a large number of smaller recombinant regions were identified in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
SARS-CoV ምስ ናይ ኣልፋን ጋማን መስመር ናይ ጥምረት ታሪኽ ኣለዎም። ኣብ RNA ፅግዕተኛ ዝኾነ RNA ፖሊመሬዝ ድማ ዓብዪ ቁፅሪ ናይ ኣናእሽተይ ሪኮምቢናንት ሪጅን ተረኺቡ።
Recombination locations were also identified in the nsp9, most of nsp10, and parts of nsp14.
ኣብ nsp9፣ መብዛሕትኡ nsp10ን ሓደሓደ ክፋል nsp14ን ውሽጢ ዳግም ናይ ምጥማር ከባቢታት ተፈልዮም ይርከቡ።
Likewise, it has been shown that the epidemic MERS-CoV experienced recombination events between different lineages, which occurred in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.
ብተመሳሳሊ፣ ናይ MERS-CoV ከበዳ ኣብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓሌታት ምትሕውዋሳት ከምዘጋጠምዎ እናተራኣየ እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ናይ ሳዑዲ ኣረብያ ዲሪሞንድሪ ግመላት ዝተረኣየ እዩ።
Besides SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, recombination events have also been observed in other HCoVs, in which the HCoVs recombine with other animal CoVs in their non-structural genes.
ካብ SARS-CoVን MERS-CoVን ሓሊፉ ናይ ጥምረት ከይዲ ኣብ HCoVs እዉን ይርአ እዩ። HCoVs ምስ ኣብ እንስሳ ዝርከቡ CoVs በቲ ዘይተዋቐረ ጅን ጥምረት የካይድ።
It should also be cautioned that artificial selection can contribute to unintended changes in viral genomes, most likely resulting from relieving viruses from selection pressures exerted, such as by the host immune system.
ከምኡውን ኣርቴፍሻል ሰሌክሽን ዘይተደልዩ ናይቲ ቫይረስ ናይ ጄኖም ለውጥታት ክፈጥሩ ይኽእሉ። ኣዚ ናይ ሕማም መከልኸልቲ ብዝፈጥርዎ ጽዕንቶ ክፍጠር ይኽእል።
An example of these effects is the loss of a full-length ORF4 in the HCoV-229E prototype strain, owing to a two-nucleotide deletion.
ናይዚኦም ተፅዕኖታት ኣብነት ብክልተ-ኒዮክሳይድ ስረዛ ምኽንያት HCoV-229E ፕሮቶታይፕ ውቅር ሙሉእ ቑመት ORF4 ምስኣን እዩ።
While intact ORF4 could be observed in bat and camel viruses related to HCoV-229E, the alpaca alpha-CoV displays a single nucleotide insertion, resulting in a frameshift.
ዘይተተንከፈ ORF4 ኣብ መንካዕን ግመልን ዝርከቡ ንHCoV-229E ዝመስሉ ቫይረሳት ክርከብ ይኽእል። alpaca alpha-CoV ነፀላ ኑክሊዮታይድ ኢንሰርሽን ዘርኢ ኮይኑ ፍሬምሺፍት ድማ ይፈጥር።
Last but not least, the evolution of novel HCoVs is also driven by the selection pressure in their reservoir hosts.
ኣብ መወዳእታ ድማ፣ ናይ ሓድሽ HCoVs ኢቮሉሽን ብናይ መሕደሪታቶም ጸቕጢ መረጻ ዝካየድ እዩ።
Asymptomatic or only mild symptoms were detected when bats were infected with CoVs, indicating the mutual adaptation between CoVs and bats.
ለዃኺቶታት ብ CoVs እንትልከፉ ምልክት ዘይምርኣይ ወይ ቀሊል ምልክት ጥራሕ ምርኣይ ተራእዩ ኔሩ፣ እዚ ድማ ናይ CoVs ለዃኺቶን ክልተኣዊ ልምምድ ዘርኢ እዩ።
It appeared that bats are well adapted to CoVs anatomically and physiologically.
ለዃኺቶታት ምስ CoVs ብ ኣናቶሚካዊን ፊዝዮሎጂያዊ ብሰፊሑ ዝተላመዱ ከምዝኾኑ ተራእዩ እዩ።
For example, defects in the activation of pro-inflammatory response in bats efficiently reduce the pathology triggered by CoVs.
ንኣብነት፣ ናይ ለዃኺቶታት ቅድመ-ቁጠዓዊ ምላሽ ምንቕቓሕ ጸገም ብ CoVs ናይ ዝመጽእ ፓቶሎጂ ብኣግባቡ ዝቕንስ እዩ።
Besides, the natural killer cell activity in bats is suppressed due to upregulation of inhibitory natural killer cell receptor NKG2/CD94 and low expression level of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
ብተወሳኺ ድማ ሎዃኺቶ ኣብ ናይ ቀተልቲ ዋህዮታት ዘለዎም ንጥፈትብምኽንያት ልዑል ዝርግሐ ናይ ከልካሊ NKG2/CD94ን ትሑት ዝርግሐ ናይ ሂስቶኮምባተብሊቲ ምኽንያት ይዕገት።
Moreover, the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from high metabolic activity of bats could both suppress CoV replication and affects proofreading by exoribonuclease, thus providing the selection pressure for the generation of virus strains highly pathogenic when introduced into a new host.
ልዕሊ እዚ፣ ልዑል ናይ ኦክሲጅን ዓሌት ሪኣክቲቬሽን (ROS) ደረጃ ካብ ልዑል ናይ ለዃኺቶታት ሜታቦሊክ ንጥፈታት ናይ CoV ምብዛሕን ክቕንሱን ብኤክሶራይቦኒኩለስ ድማ ክጸልውዎ ይኽእሉ፣ ስለዚ ናይ ቫይረስ ስተረይናት ምምራት ናብ ሓድሽ መሕደሪ ክኣቱ ከሎ ኣዝዩ ሕማም ዘስዕብ ክኾን ይኽእል እዩ።
More pathogenic CoV strains might also evolve by recombination, leading to the acquisition of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
ተወሰኽቲ ፓቶጀኒክ CoV ህዋሳት ፕሮቲኖም ወይ ናይ ፕሮቲን ባህሪ ብምቕያር ከጥቅዕ ይኽእል።
Thus, it is not by chance that three novel HCoVs have emerged in the past two decades.
ስለዚ ኣብዘን ዝሓለፋ ክልተ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት ሰለስተ ሓደሽቲ HCoVs ምፍጣሮም ናይ ኣጋጣሚ ነገር ኣይኮነን።
CoVs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
CoVs ሕማም ዘየምጹ ወይ ድማ ቀሊል ዝበሃል ምልክት ዘምጹ ተሃዋስያን ኮይኖም ኣብ ለዃኺቶን ግመልን ተጸጊዖም ዝነብሩ እዮም።
They replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
ጠንካራ ናይ ሕማማ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ኣብ ዘየሎ ብቕልጡፍ ይራብሑ::
Herein lie the secrets of why asymptomatic carriers are seen and what causes the severe cases in human infection.
ምልክት ዘየርእዩ ሰባት ንምንታይ ከምዘለዉን ነዚ ኣብ ሰባት ድማ ንምንታይ እዚ ረኽሲ ከቢድ ሕማም ይፈጥር ከምዘሎን ብዝምልከት ምስጢር ኮይኑ ይርከብ።
The severe symptoms are mainly due to the hyperactivation of immune response and the cytokine storm wherein the stronger the immune response, the more severe the lung damage.
እዞም ከበድቲ ምልክታት መብዛሕትኡ ግዘ ብናይ ስርዓት ምክልኻል ሕማም ልዕሊ ዓቐን ምንቕቓሕን ብ ማዕበል ሳይቶኪን ዝመጹ እዮም፣ በዚ ድማ ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ጥንኩር ኣብ ዝኾኑሉ ናይ ሳንባ ጉድኣት ከቢድ ይኸውን።
In contrast, in asymptomatic carriers, the immune response has been de-coupled from CoV replication.
ብተፃራሪ፣ ምልክት ዘየርኣዩ ተሸከምቲ እቲ ቫይረስ፣እቲ ናይ ኣካለ-ምክልኻል ግብረመልሲ ካብቲ ምርባሕ ናይ CoV ዝተነጸለ እዩ።
The same strategy of delinking the immune response might have beneficial effects in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
ተመሳሳሊ ምስ ናይ ሕማም ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ዲሊንክ ምግባር ኣብ ናይ ጸረ-SARS-CoV-2 ሕክምና ጠቐምቲ ጽልዋታት ከሕድር ይኽእል እዩ።
The interferon response is particularly strong in bats.
እዚ ናይ ምትእትታው መልሲ ብፍላይ ኣብ ለዃኺቶታት ጥንኩር እዩ።
Thus, administration of type I interferon at least in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans should be beneficial.
ስለዝኾነ ተነኣሰ ኣብ ፈለማ ደረጃ ዝርከቡ ወድሰብ ዘጥቅዑ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ረኽስታት ታይፕ ዋን ኢንተርፌሮን ምሃብ ጠቓሚ ይኸዉን።
In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bats is defective.
ብተወሳኺ፣ NLRP3 ናይ ቁጥዐ ምላሽ ኣብ ለዃኺቶታት ኣይሰርሕን።
By this reasoning, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.
በዚ ምኽንያት MCC950 ምስ NLRP3 ምቕጻል ብምዕጋት ኣብ ናይ COVID-19 ሕክምና ጠቓሚ ክኾን ይኽእል።
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 follows the general theme by which SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV arose.
ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣመጻጽኣ፣ SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን ዝተለዓሉሉ ሓፈሻዊ ከይዲ ዝተኸተለ እዩ።
Whereas a bat beta-CoV sharing 95% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV has been found, there also exists a bat-CoV sharing 96% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV-2.
ከምኡውን ናይ ሎዃኺቶ beta-CoV ምስ ናይ SARS-CoV ኒዩክሎታይድ ናይ 95% ምምስሳል እንትህልዎ ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ድማ ናይ 96% ምምስሳል ኣለዎ።
Whereas civets and other animals in the markets have been found to harbour viruses identical to SARS-CoV, immediate intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not been identified.
ኣብቲ ዕዳጋ ዝነበሩ እንስሳት ምስ SARS-CoV ተመሳሳሊ ቫይረስ ሒዞም ዝተረኸቡ ዋላኳ እንተኾነ፡ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ማእከላይ ቀጥተኛ መምሓላለፊ ግን ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣይተረኽበን።
Pangolin beta-CoVs strikingly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 have been found, indicating that pangolins might serve as one of intermediate hosts or pangolin beta-CoVs could contribute gene fragments to the final version of SARS-CoV-2.
ፓንጎሊን ቤታ-CoVs ብዝገርም መንገዲ ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ሆሞሎገስ ኮይኖም ተረኺቦም፣ እዚ ድማ ፓንጎሊናት ከም መንጎኛ መሕደሪታት ኮይኖም ከገልግሉ ከምዝኽእሉ ወይ ፓንጎሊን ቤታ-CoVs ንናይ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ መወዳእታ ክፋል ናይ ጂን ፍራግመንትታት ኣስተዋጽኦ ይገብር እዩ ማለት እዩ።
Although questions remain, there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is man-made either deliberately or accidentally.
ሕቶታት ዋላ እንተሃለዉ፣ SARS-CoV-2 ብኣጋጣሚ ይኹን ኮነ ተባሂሉ ብሰብ ዝተሰርሐ ከምዝኸነ ዘርኢ መረጋገጺ የለን።
CoVs have returned to the limelight due to the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
CoVs በዚ ናይ እዚ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ ቀረባ ግዘ ለበዳ እዚ ተመሊሱ ክፍለጥ ክኢሉ እዩ።
The study of CoVs in bats and other animals has drastically changed our perception of the importance of zoonotic origins and animal reservoirs of HCoVs in human transmission.
ናይ ለዃኺቶታትን ካልኦት እንስሳታትን CoVs መጽዕናቲ ብዛዕባ ናይ ዙኖቲክ መበቆላትን ናይ እንስሳት መዕቖቢነትን ኣብ ናይ ሰብ ናይ HCoVs ምምሕልላፍ ብዛዕባ ዘለዎ ወሳኒነት ክንርዳእ ጌርና እዩ።
Pervasive evidence has shown that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have a bat origin and are transmitted to humans via intermediate hosts.
SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV ከምኡውን SARS-CoV-2 መበቆሎም ካብ ለዃኺቶ ከምዝኾነን ናብ ሰባት ድማ ብካልእ መንጎኛ መሕደሪ ኣቢሎም ከምዝመሓላለፉን መረዳእታ ኣሎ።
Given that SARS-CoV infection originates from the contact between humans and civets in the markets, closing wet markets and killing civets therein could have effectively ended the SARS epidemic.
ናይ SARS-CoV ረኽሲ ካብ ኣብ መንጎ ሰባትን ዝባዳትን ኣብ ዕዳጋ ዘሎ ንኽክእ፣ ርሑሳት ዕዳጋታት ምዕጻውን ዝባዳት ምቕታልን ናይ SARS ለበዳ ብብቕዓት ክውድእ ይኽእል እዩ።
By the same reasoning, pangolins should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission, in view of the discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin beta-CoVs closely related to SARS-CoV-2.
ብተመሳሳሊ ምኽንያት፣ ፓንጎሊናት ዙኖቲክ ምምሕልላፋት ንምክልኻል ካብ ዕዳጋ ክውገዱ ኣለዎም፣ ናይ ፓንጎሊን ቤታ-CoVs ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተተሓሓዙ ከምዝኾኑ ዝተፈላለዩ ላይኔጃት ምርካብ ብዝምልከት።
However, whether and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted to humans through pangolins and other mammals remain to be clarified in future investigations.
እንተኾነ ግን፣ SARS-CoV-2 ናብ ሰባት ካብ ፓንግሊዮናትን ካልኦት መጥወብቲ ብኸመይ ይመሓላለፍ ንዝብል ኣብ ናይ መጻኢ ምርመራታት ክጻረዩ እዮም።
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has existed in dromedary camels for a long time.
ብካልእ ገጹ፣ MERS-CoV ኣብ ድሮሜዳሪ ግመላት ንነዊሕ ግዘ ጸኒሑ እዩ።
These camels serve as an important tool for transportation as well as a main source of meat, milk, leather and wool products for the local people.
እዞም ግመላት ከም ጠቐምቲ መጎዓዓዝያን ዋና ናይ ስጋ፣ ጸጋ፣ ሌዘርን ናይ ቆርበት ምህርቲታት ምንጪታት ንሰባት የገልግሉ።
They are widely distributed across the Middle East and Africa.
ኣብ ማእኸላይ ምብራቕን ኣፍሪካን ብሰፊሑ ተሰራጭዮም እዮም።
It is therefore impossible to sacrifice all camels for the control of MERS, as what was done in wild animal markets in China to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
ስለዚ ድማ MERS ንምቁጽጸር ተባሂሉ ኩሎም ግመላት መስዋእቲ ምግባር ይከኣል ነገር እዩ፣ ኣብ ቻይና ናይ SARS-CoV ን SARS-CoV-2 ን ስርጭት ደው ንምባል ኣብ ናይ በረኻ እንስሳት ዕዳጋ ከምዝተኻየደ።
To stop the recurrent outbreaks of MERS, a comprehensive approach should be taken to develop effective vaccines against MERS-CoV for camels, in combination with other infection control measures.
ናይ MERS ተደጋጋሚ ለበዳታት ደው ንምባል፣ ኣንጻር ናይ ግመላት MERS-CoV ብቑዕ ክትባት ንምምዕባል፣ምስ ካልኦት ናይ ረኽሲ ቁጽጽር ስጉምቲታት ብምትሕብባር ሓፈሻዊ ኣቀራርባ ኣድላዪ እዩ።
As we are not able to eliminate these viruses, new genotypes might emerge to cause outbreaks.
ነዞም ቫይረሳት ክነወግዶም ስለዘይከኣልና፣ ለበዳ ከስዕቡ ዝኽእሉ ሓደሽቲ genotypes(ተመሳሳሊ ጀነቲካዊ ቅርጺ ዝውንኑ ድቀቕቲ ህይውታውያን) ክመጹ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
A variety of zoonotic CoVs are circulating in the wild.
ብዙሕ ዓይነታት ካብ ሰብ ናብ እንስሳት ዝሓልፉ CoVs ኣብ ሞንጎ እንስሳት ዘገዳም ይመሓላለፍ።
Particularly, bat CoVs with zoonotic potential are so diverse.
ናብ ሰባት ክመሓላለፉ ዝኽእሉ ናይ ለዃኺቶ CoVs ብዙሓት እዮም።
There are plenty of opportunities that these zoonotic CoVs evolve and recombine, resulting in the emergence of new CoVs that are more transmissible and/or deadly in humans in future.
እዞም ናይ እንስሳት CoVs ኣብ ቐጻሊ ተራቢሖምን ማዕቢሎምን ዝዓበየ ናይ ምልባድ ዓቕሚ ዘለዎን ንደቂሰብ ሓደገኛ ዝኾኑ CoVs ክፍጠሩ ይኽእሉ።
The culture of eating wild animals in some places of China should be abandoned to reduce unnecessary contact between humans and animals.
ኣብ መንጎ ሰባትን እንስሳትን ዘሎ ንኽክእ ንምቕናስ ኣብ ገለ ናይ ቻይና ቦታታት ዘሎ ናይ በረኻ እንስሳት ምብላዕ ባህሊ ክእገድ ኣለዎ።
With the ordeals of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, a better preparedness and response plan should be in place.
ምስ ናይ of SARS, MERSን COVID-19ን ጸገም ዝሓሸ ምድላውን ምላሽን ክህሉ ይግባእ።
In fact, many viruses have existed in the planet for a very long time.
ብሓቂ፣ ብዙሓት ቫይረሳት ኣበ እዛ ፕላኔት ንኣዝዩ ነዊሕ ግዘ ዝነበሩ እዮም።
They stay in their own natural reservoirs until there is a chance for spillover.
ናይ ምፍሳስ ዕድል ክሳብ ዝርከብ ኣብ ናይባዕሎም ተፈጥሮኣዊ መቐመጢ ይጸንሑ።
Although bats have many features that favours the spreading of viruses, the chance for humans to be in contact with bats and other wildlife species can be minimized if people are educated to stay away from them.
ለዃኺቶታት ነቲ ቫይረስ ከሰራጭዋሉ ዝኽእላሉ ብዙሕ ባህሪያት ዋላ እንተሃለወን፣ ሰባት ምስ ለዃኺቶ ኮነ ካልኦት ናይ በረኻ እንስሳት ዘህልዎም ርክብ ብትምህርቲ ክቕንስ ብምግባር እዚ ስርጭት ምቕናስ ይከኣል እዩ።
Continuous surveillance in mammals is necessary for better understanding of the ecology of CoVs and their natural hosts, which will prove useful in preventing animal-to-human transmission and future outbreaks.
ንቐጻሊ ካብ እንስሳት ናብ ሰባት ናይ ሕማም ምምሕልላፍ ንምቕናስ ኣብ ኣጥቦብቲ እንስሳት ጥቡቕ ቁጽጽር ክግበር ይግባእ።
To conclude, the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is for humans to stay away from the ecological niches of the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic viruses.
ንምጥቕላል ዝኣክል ካብ እንስሳ ናብ ሰብ ዝሓልፍ ሕማም ንምክልኻል እቲ ውፅኢታዊ መንገዲ ካብ ሓደገኛ ቫይረስ ተሸከምቲ ዝኾኑ እንስሳት ዝነብርሉ ስነ ምህዳር ምርሓቕ እዩ።
Several pieces in the puzzle of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 are still missing.
ኣብ ናይ ኣመጻጽኣ SARS-CoV-2 ሕንቅልሕንቅሊተይ ዛጊድ እውን ዘይተፈልጡ ዛዕባታት ይርከቡ።
First, if bats transmit an ancestral virus of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins, it will be of interest to see under what circumstances bats and pangolins could share the same ecological niche.
መጀመርታ፣ ለዃኺቶታት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዓሌታዊ መበቆል ዘለዎ ቫይረስ ናብ ፓንጎሊን ዘመሓላልፉ እንተኾይኖም፣ ኣብ ከመይ ዝበሉ ኩነታት እዩ ለዃኺቶታትን ፓንጎሊንን ተመሳሳሊ ኢኮሎጂያዊ ኒች ዝውንኑ ኢልካ ምርኣይ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
Second, if bats play a more direct role in human transmission, how humans get into contact with bats should be determined.
እዚ ሕማም ናብ ሰብ ንክሓልፍ መንካዕ ዓቢ እጃም ብምህላዉ ደቂሰባት ምስቲ እንስሳ ዘለዎም ርክብ ክዉሰን ይግባእ።
Third, if a third mammal acts as the true intermediate host, how it interacts with the different species including humans, bats and pangolins has to be clarified.
ሳልሳይ፣ ሳልሳይ መጥበዊ እንስሳ ከም ትኽክለኛ መንጎኛ መሕደሪ እንተኾይኑ፣ ምስ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓሌታት ሰባት፣ ለዃኺቶታትን ፓንጎሊንን ሓዊሱ ከመይ ከምዝተኣታቶ ክጻረ ኣለዎ።
Finally, since many mammals including domestic animals might be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, both surveillance and experimental infection should be conducted.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፣ ዘቤታውያን እንስሳት ሓዊስካ ብዙሓት መጥወብቲ እንስሳት ን SARS-CoV-2 ተቓላዕቲ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ ናይ ቀረባ ክትትልን ናይ ፈተነን ረኽሲታት ክካየዱ ኣለዎም።
Should it be a bat, a pangolin or another mammal, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 or its parental viruses that are almost identical will be identified in its natural hosts in future.
ዋላ ኣብ መንካዕ፡ ፓንጎሊን ኮነ ካሊእ መጥበዊ እንስሳ እንተኾነ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ወይ ድማ ናይ ወላዲ ቫይረስ ኣብ ቀፃሊ ኣብ ናይ ተፈጥራዊ መፀግዒ ከም ዝርከብ ይእመን።
Continued investigations in this area will elucidate the evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in animals, with important implications in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in humans.
ኣብዚ ኸባቢ ዝተገብረ ምርመራ ኣብ ሰባት ውሽጢ ዝመጹ ናይ COVID-19 ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ምስ ናይ እንስሳት SARS-CoV-2 ዝግመተ ለውጢ ይተሓሓዝ።
Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020
ኣፈናዊ ገምጋም ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ዝተመርጹ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ኣብ ሕሙማት ኮሮና ቫይረስ- ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ 2019- ፌብርዋሪ 12-ማርች 28,2020
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic.
ኣብ መጋቢት 11, 2020 ዓለማዊ ውድብ ጥዕና ንኮሮና ቫይረስ 2019 (COVID-19) ተላባዒ ኢሉ ኣዊጅዎ።
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 571,678 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 26,494 deaths have been reported worldwide.
ብ መጋቢት 28, 2020, 571,678 ጠቕላላ ድምር ዝተረጋገጹ ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛትን 26,494 ሞትን ብደረጃ ዓለም ጸብጻብ ተዋሂቡ።
Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions.
መጠነ-ክብደት ናይቲ ሕማም ኣብቶም ብዕድመ ዝደፍኡን ብውሕዱ ሓደ ሕዱር ሕማም ኣብ ዘለዎም ሰባት ከምዝበዝሕ ካብ ቻይናን ጥልያንን ዝመጸ ጸብጻብ የርእይ።
U.S. older adults, including those aged ≥65 years and particularly those aged ≥85 years, also appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated outcomes; however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
ናይ U.S. ዓበይቲ ሰባት 65 ዓመትን ልዕሊኡን ዝዕድሚኦምን ብፍላይ ከኣ 85ን ልዕሊኡን ዝዕድሚኦም ኣብ ልዑል ስግኣት ንዝበርተዐ ምስ COVID-19 ዝተተሓሓዘ ሳዕቤናት ይርከቡ፣ ሓበሬታ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ኣብ ናይ U.S. ሕሙማት COVID-19 ዝገልጽ ጸብጻብ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣይተዋህበን።
As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported.
ክሳብ ማርች 28,2020፣ ኣሜሪካ፣ 7,162 (5.8%) ተወሳኺ ካሊእ ሕማም ዘለዎምን ከቢድ ሕማም ዘተኣናደጉን ሓዊሱ 122,653 ናይ COVID-19 ጉድያት ለበዳ ከምዝተመዝገቡ ንCDC ፀብፃብ ኣቕሪቡ።
Among these 7,162 cases, 2,692 (37.6%) patients had one or more underlying health condition or risk factor, and 4,470 (62.4%) had none of these conditions reported.
ካብዞም 7,162 ሕሙማት 2,692 (37.6%) ሓደ ወይ ካብ ሓደ ንላዕሊ ሕዱር ሕማማት ዝነበሮም፡ 4,470 (62.4%) ከኣ ጠቅላላ ዘይነበሮም እዮም።
The percentage of COVID-19 patients with at least one underlying health condition or risk factor was higher among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (358 of 457, 78%) and those requiring hospitalization without ICU admission (732 of 1,037, 71%) than that among those who were not hospitalized (1,388 of 5,143, 27%).
እቶም ብውሕዱ ሓደ ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ኩነት ወይ ንሓደጋ ዘቃልዕ ኩነት ዘለዎም ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ምስ እቶም ናይ ፅኑዕ ክንክን ክፍሊ(ICU) ቅበላ ዘደልዮም (358 of 457, 78%)፣ ካብ ፅኑዕ ክንክን ክፍሊ(ICU) ወጻኢ ናይ ሆስፒታል ቅበላ ዘድልዮም (732 of 1,037, 71%) ን ናብ ሆስፒታል ዘይኣተዉ (1,388 of 5,143, 27%) ክነጻጻር እንከሎ ዝለዓለ ነይሩ።
The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease.
እቶም ብተደጋጋሚ ጸብጻብ ዝወሃበሎም ዝነበሩ ኩነታት ሽኮሪያ፣ ሕዱር ሕማም ሳንቡእን መትነ-ልባዊ ሕማማትን ኢዮም።
These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions.
እዞም ኣፈናዊ ርኽበታት ኣብ ኣሜሪካ፣ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም ሰባት ወይ ካልእ ዝተለልየ ኣስጋኢ ረቛሒታት ዝበርተዐ ሳዕቤን ረኽሲ ምስትንፋስ ዘለዎም ካብቶም ኣዚ ኩነታት ዘይብሎም ብዝበርተዐ ሕማም COVID-19 ናይ ምትሓዝ ልዑል ተኽእሎ ከምዘለዎም ይግመት።
Data from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to CDC from 50 states, four U.S. territories and affiliated islands, the District of Columbia, and New York City with February 12–March 28, 2020 onset dates were analyzed.
ሓበሬታ ብላባራቶሪ ዝተረጋገጹ ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት ንCDC ዝተሓበሩ ካብ 50 ሃገራት፣ ኣርባዕተ ናይ US ግዝኣታትን ዝተኣሳሰራ ደሴታት፣ ምምሕዳር ኮሎምቢያን ከተማ ኒው ዮርክን ካብ ለካቲት12-መጋቢት 28, 2020 ናይ ዝተጠቑዑሉ መዓልትታት ተመርሚሮም።
Cases among persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China, and the Diamond Princess cruise ship were excluded.
ካብ ዉሃን፣ ቻይናን ዳይመንድ ፐሪንሰስ ናይ ጉዕዞ መርከብ ናብ ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ዝተመልሱ ኬዛት ተፈሊዮም ኢዮም።
For cases with missing onset dates, date of onset was estimated by subtracting 4 days (median interval from symptom onset to specimen collection date among cases with known dates in these data) from the earliest specimen collection.
ናይ መልከፍቲ ዕለታት ዝጠፍእዎም ኬዛት፣ ናይ መልከፍቲ ዕለታት 4 መዓልትታት ብምጉዳል (ኣብ ሞንጎ ማእከላይ ገምጋም ካብ ምልክታት መልከፍቲ ክሳብ ምእካብ ናይ መር ኣያ ዕለት ኣብ ሞንጎ ፍሉጥ ዕለታት ናይ ሓበሬታ ዘለዎም ኬዛት) ካብ ዝቐደመ እኩብ ናይ መርኣያ ኢዩ ዝግመት።
Public health departments reported cases to CDC using a standardized case report form that captures information (yes, no, or unknown) on the following conditions and potential risk factors: chronic lung disease (inclusive of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and emphysema); diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; chronic renal disease; chronic liver disease; immunocompromised condition; neurologic disorder, neurodevelopmental, or intellectual disability; pregnancy; current smoking status; former smoking status; or other chronic disease.
ናይ ህዝቢ ጥዕና ክፍሊ፣ ኣብ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኩነታትን ጸገም ክፍጥሩ ዝኸእሉ ወሰንቲ ጉዳያትን፣ (እወ፣ ኣይፋል ወይድማ ኣይፈልጥን) ዝብሉ ሕቶታት ዝሓዙ ስሩዓት ናይ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ጸብጻብ ቅጥዒታት ብምጥቃም ንCDC ጸብጻብ ጌሩ። ሕዱር ናይ ሳንቡእ ሕማም (ኣስሚ፣ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]ን emphysemaን ዘካተተ)፣ ሕማም ሽኮር፣ ሕማም ልብን ደም ሰራዉር፣ ሕዱር ሕማም ኩሊት፣ሕዱር ሕማም ፀላም ከብዲ፣ immunocompromised condition (ናይ ሰብነትና ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕምና ዘጥቅዕ ኩነታት)፣ ኒዩሮሎጂ ምዝባዕ ሕማም፣ ናይ ኒዩሮደቨሎፕመንት፣ ወይድማ ኢንቴሊክቿል ፀገም፣ጥንሲ፣ ሐዚ እውን ዘሎ ናይ ምትካኽ ኩነታት፣ ዝጸንሐ ናይ ምትካኽ ታሪኽ፣ ወይ ድማ ካልኦት ሕዱራት ሕማማት
Data reported to CDC are preliminary and can be updated by health departments over time; critical data elements might be missing at the time of initial report; thus, this analysis is descriptive, and no statistical comparisons could be made.
ናብ CDC ዝተወሃበ ጸብጻብ ሓበሬታ ኣፈናውን ምስ ግዜ ብክፍሊ ጥዕና ክሕደስ ዝኽእልን ኢዩ፣ ኣገደስቲ ረቛሒታት ሓበሬታ ኣብ ተመስሳሊ ግዜ ናይ ፈለማ ጸብጻብ ክጠፍኡ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም፣ ስለዚ እዚ ምርምር እዚ ገላጽን ስታቲስቲካዊ ውድድራት ክትግበረሉ ዘይክእልን ኢዩ።
The percentages of patients of all ages with underlying health conditions who were not hospitalized, hospitalized without ICU admission, and hospitalized with ICU admission were calculated.
ሚእታዊት ናይ ኩሉ ክሊ ዕድመ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ኮይኖም ኣብ ሕክምና ዘይተዓቖቡ፣ ብዘይICU ኣብ ሕክምና ዝተዓቖቡን ብICU ኣብ ሕክምና ዝተዓቖቡን ተደሚሩ ኔሩ።
Percentages of hospitalizations with and without ICU admission were estimated for persons aged ≥19 years with and without underlying health conditions.
ሚእታዊት ሕክምናዊ ክንክን ብICUን ብዘይICUን ዝተዓቕቡ ዝረአን ዘይረአን ጥዕናዊ ኩነታት ዘለዎም ኣብ ዕድሚኦም≥19 ሰባት ተገሚቱ።
This part of the analysis was limited to persons aged ≥19 years because of the small sample size of cases in children with reported underlying health conditions (N = 32).
ተወሳኺ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎም ናይ ህፃውንቲ ጉዳያት ለበዳ መጠን ናሙና ንእሽተይ(N= 32) ብምዃኑ እዚ ናይ ትንታነ ኣካል ኣብ እቶም ዕድሜኦም ≥19 ዝኾኑ ዝተወሰነ እዩ።
To account for missing data among these preliminary reports, ranges were estimated with a lower bound including cases with both known and unknown status for hospitalization with and without ICU admission as the denominator and an upper bound using only cases with known outcome status as the denominator.
ኣብ መባእታዊ ሓበሬታ ዝጎደሉ ነጥብታት ንምሽፋን እቲ ታሕተዋይ ጥርዚ ሆስፒታል ምድቃሶም(ዋላ ኣብ ICU ዘይደቅሱ) ዝተፈልጠን ዘይተፈልጠን ፡ እቲ ላዕለዋይ ጥርዚ ከኣ ርጉጽ ውጽኢት ሕክምና ንዘለዎም ከምዘጣቅልል ተገይሩ።
Because of small sample size and missing data on underlying health conditions among COVID-19 patients who died, case-fatality rates for persons with and without underlying conditions were not estimated.
ብሰንኪ ዉሑድ ዓቐን መርኣያን ምጥፋእ ሓበሬታ ኣብ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም ኣብ ሞንጎ ዝሞቱ ሕሙማት COVID-19፣ ቐታሊ ናይ ኬዝ መጠን ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎምን ዘይብሎምን ኣይተገመተን።
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 122,653 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (Figure) and 2,112 deaths were reported to CDC.
ብ መጋቢት 28, 2020 ጠቕላላ ድምር ናይ 122, 653 ብላቦራቶሪ ዝተረጋገጹ ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛትን 2,112 ሞትን ንCDC ተሓቢሮም።
Case report forms were submitted to CDC for 74,439 (60.7%) cases.
ኣብቲ ፎርምታት ናይቲ ጸብጻብ ኬዝ 74,439 (60.7%)ኬዛት ን CDC ተረኪቦም ኔሮም።
Data on presence or absence of underlying health conditions and other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections (i.e., smoking and pregnancy) were available for 7,162 (5.8%) patients (Table 1).
ንብርቱዕ ረኽስታት ስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ ዘቃልዑ ሕዱር ሕማማት ወይ ካልኦት ኩነታት(ማለት ሽጋራ ምትክኽን ጥንስን) ሕላውኦም ዝገልጽ መጽናዕቲ ን7,162(5.8%) ሕሙማት ተረኺቡ(ሰንጠረዥ 1) ።
Approximately one third of these patients (2,692, 37.6%), had at least one underlying condition or risk factor.
ኣስታት ሓደ ሲሶ ናይዞም ሕሙማት(2,692፡37.6%) ብውሕዱ ሓደ ሕዱር ሕማም ነይርዎም።
Diabetes mellitus (784, 10.9%), chronic lung disease (656, 9.2%), and cardiovascular disease (647, 9.0%) were the most frequently reported conditions among all cases.
ሽኮሪያ (784, 10.9%)፣ ሕዱር ሕማም ሳንቡእ (656, 9.2%)፣ መትነ-ልባዊ ሕማም ድማ (647, 9.0%) ካብ ኩሎም ኬዛት ብተደጋጋሚ ጸብጻብ ዝተወሃቦም ኩነታት ኔሮም።
Among 457 ICU admissions and 1,037 non-ICU hospitalizations, 358 (78%) and 732 (71%), respectively occurred among persons with one or more reported underlying health condition.
358(78%) ካብቶም ኣብ ICU ዝኣተዉ457 ሕሙማትን 732(71%) ካብቶም ሆስፒታል ዝደቀሱ ግን ናብ ICU ዘይኣተዉ 1,037 ሕሙማት ሓደን ልዕሊኡን ሕዱር ሕማማት ከምዝነበሮም ተሓቢሩ።
In contrast, 1,388 of 5,143 (27%) COVID-19 patients who were not hospitalized were reported to have at least one underlying health condition.
ብኣንጻሩ ካብቶም 5,143 ኣብ ሆስፒታል ዘይደቀሱ ሕሙማት ኮቪድ-19 1,388(27%) ብውሕዱ ሓደ ሕዱር ሕማም ተረኺብዎም።
Among patients aged ≥19 years, the percentage of non-ICU hospitalizations was higher among those with underlying health conditions (27.3%–29.8%) than among those without underlying health conditions (7.2%–7.8%); the percentage of cases that resulted in an ICU admission was also higher for those with underlying health conditions (13.3%–14.5%) than those without these conditions (2.2%–2.4%) (Table 2).
ኣብቶም 19ን ልዕሊኡን ዝዕድሚኦም፡ ብዝሒ ሕዱር ሕማማት ዘለዎምን ካብ ICU ወጻኢ ግን ሕክምና ዝደቀሱ (27.3%–29.8%) ምስቶም ሕዱር ሕማም ዘይብሎም (7.2%–7.8%) ክወዳደር ከሎ ዝያዳ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ። ኣብቶም ንICU ዝኣትዉ ክርአ ከሎ ድማ ቁጽሪ ሕዱር ሕማማት ዘለዎም(13.3%–14.5%) ነቶም ዘይብሎም(2.2%–2.4%) በሊጽዎም ይርከብ(ሰንጠረዥ 2) ።
Small numbers of COVID-19 patients aged &lt; 19 years were reported to be hospitalized (48) or admitted to an ICU (eight).
ውሑዳት ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት ዕድሚኦም፤ 19 ዓመት ሰባት ኣብ ሆስፒታል ኣትዮም እዮም (48) ወይ ናብ ICU (ሸሞንተ) ኣትዮም።
In contrast, 335 patients aged &lt; 19 years were not hospitalized and 1,342 had missing data on hospitalization.
ብኣንጻሩ፣ 335 ሕሙማት ዕድሚኦም፣ 19 ዓመት ዝኾኑ ናብ ሆስፒታል ደቂሶም ክሕከሙ ኣይተገበሩን 1፣342 ድማ ናይ ሆስፒታል ደቂስካ ምሕካም ዳታ ጠፊኡ ኣሎ።
Among all COVID-19 patients with complete information on underlying conditions or risk factors, 184 deaths occurred (all among patients aged ≥19 years); 173 deaths (94%) were reported among patients with at least one underlying condition.
ካብ እቶም ተወሳኺ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎም ናይ COVID-19 ሕሙማት 184 ሞት ኣጋጢሙ(ኩሎም ድማ ዕድሜኦም ≥19 እዮም)፡ ተናኣሰ ሓደ ተወሳኺ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ካብ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ድማ 173 ሞት(94%) ተመዝጊቡ።
Among 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC as of March 28, 2020, 7,162 (5.8%) patients had data available pertaining to underlying health conditions or potential risk factors; among these patients, higher percentages of patients with underlying conditions were admitted to the hospital and to an ICU than patients without reported underlying conditions.
ኣብ መንጎ 122, 653 ኣብ ኣሜሪካ ጸብጻብ ዝተወሃቡ ናይ COVID-19 ኬዛት ኣብ ማርች 28,2020, 7,162 (5.8%) ሕሙማት ንርኡይ ጥዕናዊ ኩነታት ወይ ተኽእሎታት ኣስጋኢ ረቛሒታት ንዘለዎም ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ጸኒሕዎም፣ ካብዞም ሕሙማት፣ ካብ ዝረአ ኩነታት ዘይብሎም ዝለዓለ ሚእታዊት ዝረአ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም ናብ ሕክምናን ICUን ተዓቚቦም ኔሮም።
These results are consistent with findings from China and Italy, which suggest that patients with underlying health conditions and risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and smoking, might be at higher risk for severe disease or death from COVID-19.
እዞም ውጽኢታት ምስ ካብ ቻይናን ጥልያንን ዝተረኽበ ዝተመሳሰለ ኮይኑ፡ ከም በዓል ሽኮርያ፡ ጸቅጢ ደም፡ COPD፣ ኮሮናሪ ኣርተሪ ሕማም፣ ሰረብሮቫስኩላር ማም፣ ሕዱር ናይ ኩላሊት ሕማም፣ ሽጋራ ምትካኽ ዝኣመሰሉ ግን እዚኦም ጥራሕ ዘይኮኑ ሕዱራት ናይ ጥዕና ጸገማት ዘለዎም ሰባት ብ COVID-19 ንዝመጽእ ከቢድ ሕማም ወይ ድማ ሞት ልዑል ናይ ምቅላዕ ዕድል ኣለዎም።
This analysis was limited by small numbers and missing data because of the burden placed on reporting health departments with rapidly rising case counts, and these findings might change as additional data become available.
እዚ ኣናላይሲስ እዚ ብኣብ ናይ ሪፖርት ገበርቲ ናይ ጥዕና ክፍሊታት ብዝግበር ዘሎ ጽዕንቶን ናይ ኬዝ ቁጽሪ ብቕልጡፍ ኣዝዩ ምብዛሕን ምኽንያት ከምኡውን ዋሕዲ ናይ ሳምፕልን ዝጠፍአ ዳታን ክግደብ ክኢሉ ኣሎ፣ ሓድሽ ዳታ ምስዝርከብ ግን ውጽኢት ናይዚ መጽናዕቲ ክልወጥ ይኽእል እዩ።
It is not yet known whether the severity or level of control of underlying health conditions affects the risk for severe disease associated with COVID-19.
ኣብ ናይ እቶም ዝጸንሑ ሕማማት ሓደገኛነት ወይ ኣብኦም ዝህሉ ናይ ቁጽጽር መጠን ኣብ እቶም ምስ COVID-19 ዝተተሓሓዙ ከበድቲ ሕማማት ዝህልዎ ጽልዋ ዛጊድ ኣይተፈልጠን።
Many of these underlying health conditions are common in the United States: based on self-reported 2018 data, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults was 10.1%, and the U.S. age-adjusted prevalence of all types of heart disease (excluding hypertension without other heart disease) was 10.6% in 2017.
መብዛሕትኦም ሕዱራት ሕማማት ኣብ ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ልሙዳት እዮም፤ ኣብ 2018 ብዝተኻየደ ናይ ዓርስኻ ሪፖርት ምግባር ዳታ፣ ናይ ሽኮርያ በዝሒ ኣብ ናይ U.S. ዓበይቲ ሰባት 10.1% ከምዝኾነን፣ ን U.S. ዕድመ ዝምልከት ናይ ኩሎም ዓነት ናይ ልቢ ሕማማት በዝሒ (ጸቅጢ-ደም ብዘይ ካልኦት ናይ ልቢ ሕማማት ከይሓወሰ) ኣብ 2017 10.6% ኔሩ።
The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among U.S. adults is 5.9%, and in 2018, the U.S. estimated prevalence of current asthma among persons of all ages was 7.9%.
እቲ ብዕድመ-ዝተዓረየ ምስፍሕፍሕ ናይ COPD ኣብ ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ዓበይቲ 5.9% እንደገና ኣብ 2018፣ ኣሜሪካ ዝተገመተ ምስፍሕፍእሕ እዋናዊ ኣዝማ ኣብ ኩሉ ክሊ ዕድመ 7.9% ኔሩ።
CDC continues to develop and update resources for persons with underlying health conditions to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19.
CDC ምምዕባልን ምሕዳስን ምንጭታት ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ንዘለዎም ሰባት ብCOVID-19 ናይ ምትሓዝ ስግኣት ኣብ ምጉዳል ይሰርሕ።
The estimated higher prevalence of these conditions among those in this early group of U.S. COVID-19 patients and the potentially higher risk for more severe disease from COVID-19 associated with the presence of underlying conditions highlight the importance of COVID-19 prevention in persons with underlying conditions.
እቲ ተገምጊሙ ዘሎ ዝለዓለ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይዞም ኩነታት ኣብ ናይ ዝቐደመ ጉጅለ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ኣሜሪካን ተኽእሎታት ዝለዓለ ኣስጋእነት ንዝበርተዐ ሕማም ምስ COVID-19 ዝተሓሓዝ ህላውነት ናይ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ንኣገዳስነት ምክልኻል COVID-19 ኣብ ርኡይ ኩነታት ዘለዎም ኣስሚሩሉ።
The findings in this report are subject to at least six limitations.
እዞም ኣብዚ ጸብጻብ ዘለዉ ርኽበታት ብዉሑዱ ንሽድሽተ ሕጽረታት ዛዕባ ኢዮም።
First, these data are preliminary, and the analysis was limited by missing data related to the health department reporting burden associated with rapidly rising case counts and delays in completion of information requiring medical chart review; these findings might change as additional data become available.
መጀመርታ፣ እዞም ዳታታት ኣፈናዊ ኢዮም፣ እቲ ምርምር ብሰንኪ ምስ ክፍሊ ጥዕና ዝተተሓሓዘ ጸብጻብ ናይ ምሃብ ሰከም ምስ ቅልጡፍ ወሰኽ ቁጽሪ ኬዛት ዝተተሓሓዘ ዝጠፍአ ሓበሬታን ምድንጓይ ሕክምናዊ ድግማ ቻርት ዝሓቶ ሓበሬታ ምምላእ ተወሲኑ ኔሩ፣ ተወሳኺ ሓበሬታ ምስ ዝህሉ እዞም ርኽበታት ክቕየሩ ይኻሉ ኢዮም።
Information on underlying conditions was only available for 7,162 (5.8%) of 122,653 cases reported to CDC.
ሓበሬታ ዝረአ ኩነታት ናይ ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ካብ 122,653 ኬዛት 7,162 (5.8%) ጥራይ ኢዮም ናብ CDC ጸብጻብ ተዋሂቡሎም።
It cannot be assumed that those with missing information are similar to those with data on either hospitalizations or underlying health conditions.
እቶም ዝጠፈአ ሓበሬታ ዘለዎም ምስቶም ናይ ሕክምናዊ ዑቑባ ወይ ርኡይ ጥዕናዊ ኩነታት ሓበሬታ ዘለዎም ተመሳሰልቲ ኢዮም ኢልካ ክግምገም ኣይከኣልን ኢዩ።
Second, these data are subject to bias in outcome ascertainment because of short follow-up time.
ካልኣይ፣ ነዞም ሓበሬታታት ብምኽንያት ሓጺር መከታተሊ ጊዜ ውጽኢታዊነቶም ኣብ ምርግጋጽ ጉድለት ኣሎ።
Some outcomes might be underestimated, and long-term outcomes cannot be assessed in this analysis.
ገለ ውጽኢታት ልዕሊ ገምጋም ክኾኑ ተኽእሎ ኣሎ፡ ናይ መጻኢ ውጽኢታት በዚ መጽናዕቲ ክፍለጡ ኣይከኣልን እዩ።
Third, because of the limited availability of testing in many jurisdictions during this period, this analysis is likely biased toward more severe cases, and findings might change as testing becomes more widespread.
ብሰንኪ ዉሱን ቀረብ ናይ ምርመራ ኣብ ብዙሕ ሕጋዊ ስልጣናት ኣብዚ እዋን፣ እዞም ምርመራታት ናብቶም ብርቱዕ ኬዛት ዘለዎም ዝዛዘወ ኢዩ፣ ብተወሳኺ ምርመራታት ኣብ ዝሰፍሑሉ እዋን ርኽበታት ክቕየሩ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም።
Fourth, because of the descriptive nature of these data, attack rates among persons with and without underlying health conditions could not be compared, and thus the risk difference of severe disease with COVID-19 between these groups could not be estimated.
ራብዓይ፣ ብምኽንያት ናይ እዚ ዳታ ገላጺ ዝኾነ ተፈጥሮ፣ ኣብ መንጎ እቶም ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ጸገም ዘለዎምን ዘይብሎምን ዘሎ ናይ መጥቃዕእቲ ናህሪ ክወዳደር ኣይተኻእለን፣ ስለዝኾነ ድማ ኣብ ሞንጎ እዞም ጉጅለታት ዘሎ ምስ ናይ COVID-19 ኽበድቲ ሕማማት ዝተሓሓዝ ሓደጋ ናይ ምብጻሕ ፍልልይ ክትንበይ ኣይተኽኣለን።
Fifth, no conclusions could be drawn about underlying conditions that were not included in the case report form or about different conditions that were reported in a single, umbrella category.
ሓምሻይ፡ ብዛዕባ እቶም ኣብ እቲ ናይ ጉዳይ ለበዳ ጸብጻብ ቅጥዒ ዘይተጠቓለሉ ሕዱራት ጉዳያት ጥዕና ወይድማ ብዛዕባ እቶም ዝተፈላለዩ ሕማማት ኣብ ሓደ ዓቢዪ ጉጅለ ዝተጎጀሉን መጠቓለሊ ክወሃብ ኣይከኣልን እዩ።
For example, asthma and COPD were included in a chronic lung disease category.
ንኣብነት፣ ኣዝማን COPDን ምስ ሕዱር ናይ ሳምቡእ ሕማማት ተመዲቦም ኔሮም።
Finally, for some underlying health conditions and risk factors, including neurologic disorders, chronic liver disease, being a current smoker, and pregnancy, few severe outcomes were reported; therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about the risk for severe COVID-19 among persons in these groups.
መጨርሽታ፡ ኣብ ገሊኦም ሕዱር ሕማማትን ሪስክ ፋክተርን ከም ሕማም ነርቭ፡ ሕዱር ሕማም ጸላም ከብዲ፡ ሽጋራ ምትካኽን ነብሰጾር ምዃንን፡ ምስ ዝወሓደ መጠነ-ሕማም ይርአ። ስለዚ ኣብዚኦም ጉጅለታት ብዛዕባ መጠነ-ሕማም ኮቪድ-19 መደምታ ክብጻሕ ኣይከኣልን።
Persons in the United States with underlying health conditions appear to be at higher risk for more severe COVID-19, consistent with findings from other countries.
ምስ እቲ ኣብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ዝተረኸበ ርካቦ ሓቢሩ ብዝኸድ መልክዑ፣ኣብ ኣሜሪካ ዝርከቡ ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ጸገም ዘለዎም ሰባት ንተውሳኺ ናይ COVID-19 ሓደጋታት ተቓላዒ ኣብ ምዃን ኣብ ልዑል ደረጃ ዝርከቡ እዮም።
Persons with underlying health conditions who have symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, or shortness of breath, should immediately contact their health care provider.
ካሊእ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎም ሰባት ከም ረስኒ፣ሰዓል ወይ ድማ ናይ ትንፋስ ፀገም ዝመሳስሉ ናይ COVID-19 ምልክታት እንተተራኢዩዎም ቀልጢፎም ናብ ባዓል ሞያ ሕክምና ክኸዱ ይግባእ።
These persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19, through washing their hands; cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces; and social distancing, including staying at home, avoiding crowds, gatherings, and travel, and avoiding contact with persons who are ill.
እዞም ሰባት ነብሶም ካብ ኮቪድ-19 ንምክልኻል ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ስጉምትታት ክወስዱ ይግብኦም፥ ኢዶም ምሕጻብ፡ ብብዝሒ ዝትንከፉ ኣቕሓታት ምጽራይ፡ ኣብ ገዛ ብምጽናሕ፡ ኣኼባታትን ጉዕዞን ብምውጋድ ማሕበራዊ ርሕቅቶም ምሕላውን ምስ ዝሓመሙ ሰባት ዘይምርኻብን።
Maintaining at least a 30-day supply of medication, a 2-week supply of food and other necessities, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms are recommended for those with underlying health conditions.
ን እቶም ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎም ሰባት፣ ብውሕዱ ናይ 30 ማዓልቲታት ቀረብ መድሓኒት፣ ናይ 2 ሰሙን ቀረብ ምግብን ካልኦት ኣገደስቲ ቀረባትን ከምኡ እዉን ብዛዕባ ምልክታት COVID-19 ኣፍልጦ ምህላው ዝምከሩ እዮም።
All persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19 and to protect others.
ኩሉ ሰብ ካብ COVID-19 ንነብሶምን ካልኦትን ንምክልኻል ጥንቃቐታት ክወስድ ይግብኦ።
All persons who are ill should stay home, except to get medical care; should not go to work; and should stay away from others.
ሕክምናዊ ክንክን ንምርካብ እንተዘይኮይኑ፣ ኩሎም ሕሙማት ኣብ ገዛ ክጸንሑ ኣለዎም፣ ስራሕ ክኸዱ የብሎምን፣ ካብ ካልኦት ሰባት ከኣ ክርሕቑ እለዎም።
This is especially important for those who work with persons with underlying conditions or who otherwise are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
ምስ ሕዱር ሕማማት ዘለዎም ወይ ብኮቪድ-19 ብልዑል ክጥቕዑ ዝኽእሉ ሰባት ኣብ ዝሰርሑ ፍሉይ ሓቅነት ኣለዎ።
Community mitigation strategies, which aim to slow the spread of COVID-19, are important to protect all persons from COVID-19, especially persons with underlying health conditions and other persons at risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
ናይ COVID-19 ዝርጋሐ ንምቕናስ ዕላማ ዝግበረ ማሕበረሰባዊ ናይ መኸተ ስትራቴጂ፣ ኩሉ ሰብ፣ ብፍላይ ድማ ነቶም ሕዱር ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎምን ካልኦት ብ እቶም ምስ COVID-19 ዝተሓሓዙ ከበድቲ ሕማማት ናይ ተጠቃዓይነት ዕድል ዘለዎም ሰባትን ካብ COVID-19 ንምሕላው ኣገዳሲ እዩ (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf)።
What is already known about this topic?
ብዛዕባ እቲ ኣርእስቲ እንታይ ፍሉጥ ኮይኑ ኣሎ?
Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
ካብ ቻይናን ጣልያንን ዝተረኽበ ፀብፃብ ንከቢድ ናይ COVID-19 ሕማም ተቓላዕቲ ዝኾኑ ሰባት ተወሳኺ ናይ ጥዕና ፀገም ዘለዎም ዝሓዉስ እንትኸዉን ነዚ ዝገልፅ ናይ U.S. COVID-19 ሕሙማት መረዳእታ ድማ የለን።
What is added by this report?
በዚ ጸብጻብ እንታይ ተወሲኹ?
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
ኣፈናዊ ሓበሬታ ናይ U.S. መሰረት ብምግባር፣ ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም ሰባት ከም፣ ሽኮሪያ፣ ሕዱር ሕማም ሳንቡእን መጥነ-ልባዊ ሕማምን፣ ዝለዓለ ስግኣት ናይ ምስ COVID-19 ዝተሓሓዙ ሕማማት ካብቶም እዞም ኩነታት ዘይብሎም ናይ ምትሓዝ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎም።
What are the implications for public health practice?
ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣካይዳ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና እንታይ ሳዕቤናቱ፧
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
ስትራቴጂታት ንኹሉ ሰብ ንምዕቃብ ብፍላይ ከኣ ነቶም ርኡይ ኩነታት ጥዕና ዘለዎም፣ ኣካላዊ ርሕቀትን ምሕጻብ ኢድ ወሲኽካ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ COVID-19 ንምንካይ ብኹሉ ሕብረተሰብን ብኹሉ ሰብን ክትግበር ኣለዎ።
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
ምቕልቃል ሓድሽ ኮሮና ቫይረስ (COVID-19)፣ ናይ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ሮያል ኮሌጅ ሓፈሻዊ ኪላታት ማእከል ምርምርን ክትትልን ህዝባዊ ጥዕናን ዝጥቀሙሉ ክትትል ናይ ምዝርጋሕ ፕሮቶኮል።
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
ሮያል ኮሌጅ ሓፈሻዊ ክኢላታት (RCGP) ማእከል ምርምርን ክትትልን (RSC) ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ዓዲ እንግሊዝ (PHE) ኣብ ምክትታል ሕማም ኢንፍሉዌንዛን ካልኦት ተላባዕቲ ሕማማትን ንልዕሊ 50 ዓመታት፣ ንዝሓለፉ ሰለስተ ለበዳታት ወሲኽካ ብሓባር ዕውት ስራሕ ሰሪሖም እዮም።
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
ብምኽንያት ምምጻእ እዚ ዓለምለኻዊ ዝኾነ ሃንደበታዊ ለበዳ ኮሮና ቫይረስ (COVID-19) ናይ UK ብሄራዊ ናይ ምዕጋት ሜላ ንCOVID-19 ተቓሊዖም ክኾኑ ተባሂሎም ዝተጠርጠሩ ሰባት ንምምርማር ተጣዪሹ ይርከብ።
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
ኣብ ተመሳሳልን ዝተፈላለየ ግዜን፣ ክትትል ናይ RCGP RSC ንምቁጽጻር ጂኦግራፊካውን ግዜያውን ዝርግሐ መልከፍቲ COVID-19 ኣብ ሕብረተሰብ ከምኡ እውን ምግምጋም ውጺታውነት ናይ ምዕቛር ስትራቴጂ ተዘርጊሑ ኣሎ።
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
ዕላማ ናይዚ መጽናዕቲ ኣብ ምልክታት ዘይብሎምን ረኽሲ ስርዓት-ምስትንፋስ ንዘለዎም ተመላለስቲ ሕሙማት ኮቪድ-19 ብምክትታል መጠነ-ዝርግሐን ቅዲ-ዝርግሐን ኮቪድ-19 ንምክትታል፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዕውትነት ናይ ቁጽጽር ፖሊሲ ንምርግጋጽን እዩ።
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
RCGP RSC, ኣብ ዓዲ አንግሊዝ ዝርከብ ስነ-መርበብ ናይ ልዕሊ 500 ሓፈሻዊ ትግባረታት፣ ሰሙናዊ ሲዶኒማይዝድ ሓበሬታ ኣውጺኡ።
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
እዚ ክትትል ሓሙሽተ ነገራት የጠቃልል፥ (1)ጥርጡራትን ንኮቪድ-19 ዝተቓልዑን ኣብ ሕክምናዊ ሰነዳት ምምዝጋብ።
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
ኣብ ኮምፒውተር ዝተመዝገቡ ናይ ሕክምና ሓበሬታታት ዘቕርቡ ኣካላት ሕቶ ካብ ዝቐርበሎም ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ሰሙን ነዚ ድጋፍ ንምሃብ ሓድሽ ኮድ ፈጢሮም እዮም።
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) እዋናዊ ክትትል ቫይሮሎጅን ኢንፍሉወንዛ ዝመስል ሕማምን ረኽሲ ታሕተዋይ ክፋል ስርዓተ ምንስትንፋስን(LRTI) ንዘለዎም ምምርማርን-- መጠንቀቅታ፥ ጥርጡራትን ኮቪድ-19 ምስዘለዎ ዝተቓልዑን ኣብ ትካላት ቀዳማይ ክንክን ዘይኮነ ናብቲ ብሃገር ደረጃ ዝተዳለወ ናይ ውሸባ ቦታ ክኸዱ ኣለዎም።
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) ኣብ ኩሉ ክሊ ዕድመ ንዝርከቡ ናይ ሰሮሎጂ መርኣያ ምእካብ።
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
ካብ እቶም ብቆፆሮኦም ሓፈሻዊ ዝኾነ ናይ ደም ምርመራ ንምክያድ ናብ ሕክምና ዝኸዱ ሰባት ተወሳኺ ናይ ደም ምርመራ ናሙና ክውሰድ እዩ።
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
እዞም ኣብዚ ግዜ’ዚ ዓመታዊ ክትትል ናይ ኢንፍሉወንዛ ቫይሮሎጂ ዘካይዱ ዘለዉ 100 ሓፈሻዊ ሕክምናታት ክትትሎም ከናውሕዎ’ዮም።
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4)ኮንቫልሰንት ሲረም ሳምፕላት ምእካብ
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
ኣድላይ እንተኾይኑ ነቲ ምውጻእ ሓበሬታ ናብ ኽልተ ግዜ ኣብ ሰሙን ናይ ምዕባይ ዕድል ኣለና።
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
ዝተወስዱ ናሙናታትን ሴራን ኣብ ናይ PHE reference laboratories (PHE ንጽጽራዊ ቤተ-ፈተነታት) ትንታነ ክግበረሎም እዩ።
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
ኣቕረብቲ ሓፈሻዊ ትግባረ ክሊኒካዊ ስርዓት ናይ ሃንደበታዊ እኩብ ክሊኒካዊ ኮዳት ክትትል COVID-19 ንምሕጋዝ ኣዳልዮም።