atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
There are a variety of trials using HIV medications and other novel antiviral medications for treatment of COVID-19.
ናይ HIV መድሓኒታት ከምኡውን ካልኦት ኖቨል ጸረ-ቫይረስ ብምጥቃም ን COVID-19 ንምሕካም ዝግበሩ ፈተነታት ኣለዉ።
Mild symptoms may be relieved by taking paracetamol (acetaminophen).
ቀለልቲ ምልክታት paracetamol (acetaminophen) (ፓራሲታሞል(ኣሲታሚኖፈን))ብምውሳድ ምቕናስ ይከኣል እዩ።
If you are infected with COVID-19, countries will isolate you until several consecutive tests for COVID-19 are negative.
ብ COVID-19 እንተተለኺፍካ፡ ሃገራት ብተኸታታሊ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 መርመራታት ኣሉታዊ መልሲ ክሳብ ዝረኽቡ ክፈልዩኻ እዮም።
If you have been in close contact with someone infected with COVID-19, many countries will quarantine you for 14 days since the last exposure and monitor you for signs and symptoms.
ብዙሓት ሃገራት ብCOVID-19 ምስ ዝተታሓዘ ሰብ ናይ ቀረባ ርክብ ንዘለዎ ሰብ ካብ ዝተራኸብካሉ ማዓልቲ ጀሚሩ ን14 ማዓልታት ይውሽባን ናይ ሕማም ምልክታት ይከታተላን ኣለዋ።
Some countries will also test you even if you don't have symptoms.
ገለ ሃገራት ምልክታት ዘይብልካ ከለኻ’ውን መርመራ ይገብሩልካ እዮም።
In many countries, the healthcare system has been stretched to the point of not being able to handle the sheer number of patients, and there is a chance you may be refused treatment due to the lack of available medical staff, supplies or equipment.
ኣብ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ስርዓት ክንክን ጥዕና ክሳብ ሙሉእ ቁጽሪ ሕሙማት ክእንግድ ዘይክእለሉ ደረጃ ተመዚዙ ይርከብ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ብሰንኪ ዋሕዲ በዓል ሞያ ጥዕና፡ ቀረብ ወይ መሳርሒ ፍወሳ ክትንጸግ ተክእሎ ኣሎ።
Many countries have shut down or severely limited flights, ships, and border crossings, especially to and from affected areas.
ብዙሓት ሃገራት ብፍላይ ካብን ናብን ዝተጸልዉ ከባቢታት ዘራኽቡ ነፈርቲ፡ መርከባት ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ዶብ መንገድታት ዓጽዮሞም ወይ ምንቅስቃሳት ብጥዕሚ ክቅንሱ ገይሮም ይርከቡ።
Even more countries have imposed restrictions on arriving travelers, either barring entry (maybe with an exception for local citizens and permanent residents) or requiring you to be quarantined, typically for 14 days.
ካብቲ ዝነበሮ ተወሳኽቲ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ናይ ምእታው ክልከላ (ን ናይ ሃገር ውሽጢ ተጉዓዝቲን ቆውምቲ ነበሮን ከይሓወስካ) ውይድማ ን 14 መዓልቲታት ኳራንታይን ብምግባር ኣብ በፃሕቲ ተጉዓዝቲ እግዳታት ኣብ ምንባር ይርከባ።
Even if a mandatory quarantine is not imposed, you may be asked to "self-quarantine" by staying at home and not interacting with other people. 
ዋላ ኣገዳሲ ዝኾነ ኳረንቲን ክትገብሩ እንተዘይተገደድኩም፣ ኣብ ገዛኹም ብምጽናሕን ምስ ካልኦት ሰባት ብዘይ ምንኽኻእን "ዓርሰ -ኳረንቲን" ክተካይዱ ክትሕተቱ ትኽእሉ ኢኹም።
The most severe restrictions are on travellers who have recently been to affected areas, but increasingly many countries are applying them to incoming travellers overall.
መብዛሕትኦም ከበድቲ ገደባት ናብ ዝተለኸፉ ቦታታት ኣብ ቀረባ ግዘ ከይዶም ንዝነበሩ ተጓዓዝቲ እዮም፣ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ድማ ናብ ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ተጓዓዝቶም ኣታዊ የእትውዎም ኣለዉ።
Some countries have even prohibited all or almost all foreigners from entry or limited the ability of local citizens and residents to leave.
ገለ ሃገራት ኩሎም ወይ ከዓ ዳርጋ ኩሎም ወጻእተኛታት ካብ ወጻኢ ንምእታው ወይ ከዓ ዜጋታት ሃገር ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ነባሮ ናይ ምውጻእ ዓቕሚ እንኮላይ ኣጊደን ኣለዋ።
What are the affected areas?
እቶም ዝተጠቕዑ ቦታታት እንታይ እዮም?
Well, this is a fast-changing situation, and each country/region/organization has its own list of what areas are subject to restrictions.
ጽቡቕ፣ እዚ ብቕልጡፍ ዝቀያየር ዘሎ ኩነታት እዩ፣ ሕድሕድ ሃገር/ክልል/ድርጅት ኣየናይ ናይ ቦታታት ዝርዝር እዮም ንገደባት ዝኾኑ ዝብል ሕጊ ኣለዎም።
The city of Wuhan is on every list and the rest of mainland China is on most.
ናይ ዉሃን ከተማ ኣብ ኩሉ ዝርዝራት ዘላ እንትትኾን እቲ ዝተረፈ ናይ ቻይና ሜይን ላንድ ድማ ኣብ መብዛሕቲኡ ዝርዝር ይርከብ።
Other areas that are often included: France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iran, Italy, Japan, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Schengen Area as a whole, and sometimes various others.
ካልኦት ቦታታት ከም ፈረንሳ፡ ጀርመን፡ ሆንግ ኮንግ፡ ኢራን፡ ጣልያን፡ ጃፓን፡ ማካው፡ ሲንጋፖር፡ ደቡብ ኮርያ፡ ስጳኛ፡ ታይዋን፡ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም፡ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ፡ ናይ ሸንገን ቦታ ብሓፈሻ ከምኡ’ውን ሳሕቲ ዝተፈላለዩ ካልኦት የጠቓልል።
Some countries have imposed restrictions based on citizenship or residency from severely affected areas.
ገለ ሃገራት ኣብ እቶም ኣዝዮም ዝተጎድኡ ቦታታት ዜግነት ውይም ነባርነት መሰረት ዝገበሩ ገደባት ኣንቢረን ኣለዋ።
A detailed list of entry restrictions is maintained by the IATA.
ዓሞቕቲ ዝርዝራት ናይ ምእታው ገደባት ብ IATA ተዓቂቦም ይርከቡ።.
It doesn't cover all the restrictions, but it's still useful.
ንኹሎም እገዳታት እኳ እንተዘይ ሸፈነ ፣ ጠቓሚ ግን እዩ።
Keep up to date—the outbreak and the travel restrictions are changing rapidly.
ሓደሽቲ ዜናታት ምስማዖም ይቐጽሉ—ናይ እዚ ለበዳን ናይ ጉዕዞ ገደባትን ብቕልጡፍ ይቀያየሩ እዮም ዘለዉ።
For travel in the near future, consider making refundable reservations in case the changing situation forces you to change your plans.
ንኣብ ቀረባ ግዜ ዝግበር መገሻ ምናልባት ብሰንኪ ዝቀያየር ኩነታት መደባትካ ክትቅይር ክትግደድ ስለእትኽእል ነቲ ትሓዝኦ መንበር ገንዘብካ ተመላሳይ ምዃኑ ኣብ ግምት ኣእትው።
Avoid buying tickets with a connection in an affected area – even changing planes can make you subject to restrictions.
ምስ በቲ ረኽሲ ዝተጠቕዑ ቦታትት ርክብ ዘልዎም ዕድጊት ቲኬት ካብ ምግባር ክትዕቀቡ ይግባእ- ዋላ ኣውሮፕላን ቅያር ምግባር ን እገዳታት ከጋልፀኩም ይኽእል እዩ።
Flights may get canceled with little notice, either due to the disease's spread and ever-changing entry restrictions, or simply because fewer people are flying and airlines are having trouble filling seats.
በረራታት ሓጺር ምልክታ ሂቦም ክስረዙ ይኽእሉ እዮም፣ በዚ ናይ እዚ ሕማም ዝርጋሐ ወይ በዚ ብቕልጡፍ ዝቀያየር ዘሎ ናይ ምእታውን ምውጻእን ገደባት ምኽንያት፣ ወይ ድማ ውሑዳት ሰባት ስለዝኾኑ ዝጎዓዓዙ ዘለዉ መንገዲታት ኣየር ድማ ወንበራት ኣብ ምትእኽኻል ጸገም ስለዘጋጥሞም እውን ክኸውን ይኽእል።
You might also be delayed for hours upon arrival waiting for temperature checks and related procedures and paperwork, or even get quarantined for two weeks.
ከምኡ እውን ናይ ረስኒ መረጋገጺታትን ካልኦት ዝተሓሓዙ ቅደም ሰዓባትን ናይ ወረቐት ስራሕ ኣብ ምጽብባይ ንሰዓታት ክትደናጎይ ወይከዓ ንክልተ ሰሙን እውን ክትውሸብ ትኽእል።
Be prepared for the possibility of disruption to your travel plans, especially if traveling internationally.
ንናይ ጉዕዞ ትልሚኹም ምትእጉጓል ከጋጥሞ ከምዝኽእል ፈሊጥኩም ተዳለዉ፣ ብፍላይ ዓለምለኻዊ ጉዕዞ እንተኾይኑ።
Even if you're nowhere near affected areas there's a risk that you'll have to stay at the destination longer than planned if you've shared a building or vessel with an infected person.
ኣብ ዝተጠቕዑ ቦታታት ዋላ ተዘይሃለኻ ሕማም ምስዝሓዞ ሰብ ኣብ ሓደ ህንፃ እንተኔርካ እዉን ኣብቲ ቦታ ካብ ዝተለምካዮ ንላዕሊ ክትፀንሕ ትግደድ እትኽእለሉ ኩነታት ኣሎ።
For example, in late February an Italian doctor on vacation in Costa Adeje (Canary Islands) was diagnosed with COVID-19, and as a result all the guests in the hotel he stayed at were quarantined.
ንኣብነት፣ ኣብ መወዳእታ ለካቲት ናብ ኮስታ ኣደጀ (ካናሪ ደሴታት) ዑደት ንምግባር ዝኸደ ሓደ ጣልያናዊ ሓኪም COVID-19 ከም ዘለዎ ተረጋጊፁ። በዚ ምኽኒያት ድማ ኣብ እቲ ዝፀንሓሉ ዝነበረ ሆተል ዝነበሩ ኣጋይሽ እዉን ክዉሸቡ ተጌሩ።
Lockdowns and other internal restrictions
ኣብ ገዛ ዕጽዋን ከምኡ’ውን ካልኦት ናይ ውሽጢ ገደባትን
Some countries and regions, especially severely affected ones, are implementing emergency lockdowns and restrictions on people's movements and activities, even for those who haven't recently been abroad.
ሓድሓደ ሃገራትን ክልላትን በተለይ ድማ ኣብተን ኣዚየን ዝተሃሰያ፣ ኣብ ናይ ደቂ ሰባት ምንቃቓስን ተግባራትን ዋላ ነቶም ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ናብ ደገ ዘይወጹ ሓዊሱ ናይ ህፁፅ ጊዜ ኣዋጅ ምዕፃው ን እገዳታትን እናተግበራ ይርከባ።
These include the temporary reintroduction of some border controls, restrictions on travel within the country, closing or limiting service at restaurants and other establishments, banning large public events, and in the most severe cases prohibiting people from leaving the house except for essential reasons.
እዚ ድማ ንግዚያዊ ዳግማይ ምትእትታው ናይ ዶባት ምቁጽጻር፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሃገር ዝግበሩ ምንቅስቓሳት ምቁጽጻር፡ ምውሳን ወይ ምዕጻው ኣገልግሎት ቤት መግቢታትን ካልኦት ትካላትን፡ ምክልካል ዓበይቲ ውራያት ን ከምኡ’ውን ብዘይካ ን ኣገደስቲ ኩነታት ኣብ ከበድቲ ኩነታት ሰባት ካብ ገዝኦም ከይወጽኡ የጠቓልል።
Beyond government restrictions, individual establishments are shutting their doors and cancelling events to try to reduce the spread of the virus.
ካብ መንግስታዊ ቁጽጽር ንላዕሊ ናይ ግሊ ትካላት ንምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ’ቲ ቫይረስ ንምጉዳል ማዕጾታቶም ይዓጽዉን ማሕበራዊ ጉዳያት ይስርዙን ኣለዉ።
In China, there are extensive restrictions on transportation and activity, which vary widely by province, city, and even by district or village.
ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ልዕሊ መጉዓዝያን ንጥፈታትን ብኣውራጃ፡ ከተማ ከም'ኡ'ውን ወረዳ ወይ ዓዲ ብገፊሕ ዝፈላለ ሰፋሕቲ ክልከላታት ኣለዉ።
Many governments recommend against traveling to China at this time.
ብዙሓት ሃገራት ኣብዚ ሐዚ ሰዓት ናብ ቻይና ኣብ ዝግበር ጉዕዞ እገዳ ኣቐሚጠን ኣለዋ።
If you have no choice, do your research and get up-to-date information about the local situation wherever you are going.
ኣማራጺ ምስ ዘይህልወካ፡ መጽናዕትኻ ጌርካ ኣብ ትኸዶ ቦታ ብዛዕባ እቲ ከባቢ ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ ሓበሬታ ርኸብ።
People who have traveled to Hubei face particularly severe restrictions.
ብፍላይ ናብ ሁበይ ዝተጓዕዙ ሰባት ከቢድ ክልከላ ይግበረሎም።
Examples of restrictions that you may encounter in some parts of China (this is not an exhaustive list):
ኣብ ገለ ናይ ቻይና ቦታታት ከጋጠሙኹም ዝኽእሉ ገደባት (እዚ መድከሚ ዝርዝር ኣይኮነን):
14-day quarantine, self-quarantine, or COVID-19 test upon arrival from other parts of China or from other countries, at your expense
ካብ ካልኦት ናይ ቻይና ክፋላት ወይ ድማ ካብ ካልኦት ሃገራት ንዝመፁ ሰባት ን14 መዓልታት ዝፀንሕ ምዉሻብ፣ ዓርሰ-ውሸባ ወይድማ ናይ COVID-19 ምርመራ ብናይ ባዕሎም ወፃኢ ዝሽፈን እዩ።
questions about your travel and medical history (lying can get you years in prison)
ብዛዕባ ናይ ጉዕዞን ናይ ጥዕና ታሪኽ ሕቶታት (ምሕሳው ንዓመታት ከእስር ይኽእል እዩ)።
mandatory registration using an online or paper form
ኦንላይን ወይ ወረቐት ቅጥዒ ብምጥቃም ወሳኒ ምዝገባታት ምክያድ
requirement to wear a face mask in public
ኣብ ኣደባባይ መሸፈኒ ኣፍ ክትጥቀም ዝጥለበሉ
people who have been outside of China within 14 days not allowed into public places like malls
ኣብ ውሽጢ 14 መዓልታት ካብ ግዛኣት ቻይና ወጺኦም ዝነበሩ ሰባት ኣብ ከም ዕጋታት ዝኣመሰሉ ህዝባዊ ቦታታት ክኸዱ ኣይፍቀደሎምን እዩ ።
shops only accept mobile payments, not cash
ሹቓት ናይ ሞባይል ክፍሊት እምበር ጥረ ገንዘብ ኣይቕበሉን።
restaurants, transportation and other establishments refusing service to non-Chinese citizens
ሬስቶራንትታት፣ መጎዓዓዚያታትን ካልኦት ትካላትን ንቻይናውያን ዘይኮኑ ዜጋታት ኣገልግሎት ምሃብ ይኽልክሉ ኣለዉ
many forms of transportation reduced or shut down
ብዙሓት ናይ መጎዓዓዝያ መገዲታት ተቐኒሶም ወይ ተዓጽዮም
mandatory real-name registration for public transit cards
ንህዝባዊ ምግዕዓዝ ካርዳት ግድነታዊ ናይ ሓቀኛ ስም ምዝገባ
access in and out of a town, village, or city completely blocked
ናብ ከተማ፣ ቁሸት ወይ ዓበይቲ ከተማታት ምእታውን ምውጻእን ሙሉእ ንሙሉእ ተዓጽዩ እዩ
non-resident visitors prohibited from entering apartment complexes
ነበርቲ ዘይኮኑ በጻሕቲ ናብ እቲ ኣፓርትመንት ከይኣትዉ ተኣጊዶም
only allowed to go outside once every two days to get supplies
ቀረባት ንምምጻእ ናብ ደገ ንምውጻእ ኣብ ክልተ መዓልታት ሓንሳብ ጥራይ ይፍቀድ።
businesses, activities, and attractions closed
ናይ ንግዲ ቦታታት፣ ምንቅስቓሳታትን ን ቦታ መስሕባትን ተዓጺዮም
businesses need local government permission to re-open
ናይ ንግዲ ቦታታት ደጊሞም ንምኽፋት ናይ ክልል መንግስቲ ፍቃድ የድልዮም እዩ
restaurants (if they are even open) require a minimum distance between customers
ቤት ምግቢታት (ዝትኸፈቱ እንተሃልዮም) ኣብ መንጎ ዓማዊሎም እቲ ትሑት ናይ ርሕቐት ወሰን ከትግበር ይሓቱ እዮም
selling substandard face masks has a maximum sentence of life imprisonment
ምሻጥ ትሕተ-ደረጃ ዝኾነ ፌስ-ማስክ ክሳብ ናይ ዕድመ ልክዕ እስራት ዘብጽሕ ማእሰርቲ ኣለዎ።
As of mid-March 2020, Europe is the epicenter of the epidemic, and many European countries have closed their borders to international travel - only border commuters and freight are allowed to cross.
አብ መፋርቕ ማርች 2020፣ አውሮፓ ናይ እቲ ለበዳ ዋና ማእኸል ኮይና፣ መብዛሕቲአን ናይ አውሮፓ ሃገራት ድማ ዶባተን ንናይ ዓለምለኸ ጉዕዞታት ዓጽየን — ናይ ዶብ ተጎዓዓዝቲን አቑሑ ዝጸዓኑን ጥራሕ እዮም ክሰግሩ ዝፍቀዶም።
Also businesses other than food stores and pharmacies are closed, and public transport has been reduced or stopped.
ካብ ናይ ምግቢ ትካላትን ቤት መድሃኒትን ወፃኢ ዝርከቡ ንግድታት ተዓፅዮም ይርከቡ። ናይ ህዝቢ መጉዓዝያ ድማ ተቐኒሶም ወይድማ ጠጠው ኢሎም ይርከቡ።
In the worst affected countries including Italy, Spain and France, lockdowns like in China in January, have been implemented.
ኣብ እተን ኣዚየን ዝተሃሰያ ሃገራት ፣ ኣብ ጣልያን ፣ ስፔይን ን ፈረንሳይን ከም ኣብ ቻይና ዘሎ ምዕጻው ተተግቢሩወን ይርከብ።
As well the EU has closed its outer borders.
ሕብረት ኣውሮፓ’ውን ደገኣዊ ዶባታታ ዓጽያ ኣላ።
COVID-19 is prevalent also in North America.
ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ’ውን ዝተስፋሕፍሐ እዩ።
The borders between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico are closed to non-essential travel, and in many areas bans on big gatherings are in effect (this means places like restaurants are closed, and events are canceled).
ኣብ ሞንጎ ካናዳ፣ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካን ሜክሲኮን ዘሎ ዶብ ን ኣግደስቲ ዘይኮኑ ጐዕዞታት ተዓፅዩ ዝርክብ እንትኾን ኣብ ብዙሓት ክባቢታት ድማ ናይ ምትእኽኻብ እገዳታት ተትግብሮም ይርከቡ(እዚ ማለት ክም ቤት ምግቢታት ዝኣምሰሉ ቦታታት ተዓፅዮም ኣለው ምድላዋት ድማ ተሰሪዞም ኣለው )።
Numerous state, county, and municipal jurisdictions have issued stay-at-home orders that require all nonessential businesses to close.
ብዙሓት ግዝኣታት፣ ካወንቲታትን ናይ ማዘጋጃ ቤት ፍርዲ ቤታትን ኣዝዮም ኣገደስቲ ዘይኮኑ ንግዲታት ክዕጸዉ ብምግባር ናይ ኣብ ገዛኹም ጽንሑ ትእዛዝ ኣውጺኦም ኣለዉ።
With lots of flights canceled, warnings issued, and restrictions imposed, flying in the time of coronavirus can be a challenge.
ምስ እቲ ብዙሓት ዝግበሩ ናይ ኣየር ጉዕዞታት ምስራዞም፣ መጠንቀቕታታት ምኣዊጆም፣ ገደባትውን ምውጻኦም፡ ኣብ እዚ ናይ ኮሮና ቫይረስ ጊዜ ምንቅስቓስ ፈታኒ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
Some routes are not possible.
ገለ መንገድታት ዝከኣሉ ኣይኮኑን።
Others will require more inconvenient connections than usual—multiple stops and long waits between flights.
ካልኦት ከም ብዙሓት ደው ምባላትን ኣብ መንጎ በረራታት ድማ ንነዊሕ ግዘ ምጽባይ ዝበለጸ ዘይጥዕሙ ርክባት ክህልዎም ይኽእል እዩ።
In some cases that means more expensive tickets.
እዚ ድማ ኣብ ገለ ኣጋጣሚታት ብተዛማዲ ክቡር ትኬታት ምግዛእ ማለት እዩ ።
On the other hand, the good news is that many flights are cheaper than usual due to decreased demand, and there's a decent chance you'll get an empty seat next to you.
ብካልእ ወገን ዘሎ ጽቡቕ ነገር፣ ብዙሓት በረራታት ጠለበን ስለዝቐነሰ ካብ ካልእ ግዜ ብዝተፈለየ ሓሲሩ እዩ፣ ኣብ ጥቃኹም ባዶ ቦታ ትረኽቡሉ ጽቡቕ ዕድል ድማ ኣሎ።
Build in extra time for your connections, especially if transferring from an international flight to a domestic flight and especially if your itinerary involves a country that's seriously affected.
ብፍላይ ካብ ዓለምለኸ በረራ ናብ ሃገራዊ በረራ ኣብ ትዘዋወሩሉ እዋን ከምኡውን ጉዕዞኦም ናብ ኣዝያ ዝተጠቐዐት ሃገር ዘካትት እንተኾይኑን ን ርክባትኩም ተወሳኺ ግዘ ህነጹ።
Screenings, temperature checks, extra paperwork, and the associated waiting around can add minutes or hours before you're allowed to continue on your journey.
ምርመራ፣ ናይ ሙቐት ሰውነት ምልካዕ፣ ተወሳኺናይ ወረቐት ስራሕ፣ ከምኡውን ምጽባያት ጉዕዞኹም ክትቅጽሉ ቅድሚ ፈቓድ ምርካብኩም ደቓይቕ ወይ ሰዓታት ክትጸንሑ ክገበሩኹም ይኽእሉ እዮም።
You may find it harder than usual to buy a ticket to or from a destination subject to warnings and restrictions.
ብምኽኒያት መጠንቀቕታትን እገዳታትን ካብ ናብ ወይድማ ናብ ትበፅሑሉ ቦታ ዘኽይድ ትኬት ንምግዛእ ክቢድ ኮይኑ ከትረኽቡዎ ትኽእሉ ኢኹም።
This is a real concern if you're trying to get out of an affected area.
እንድሕር ደኣ ካብ በቲ ረኽሲ ዝተጠቐዕ ክባቢ ክትወፅኡ ትሓስቡ ኣሊኹም ኮይንኹም እዚ ትኽክለኛ ዘሕስብ ጉዳይ እዩ።
For instance, most aggregators are not selling tickets from China to the United States (presumably to avoid falling afoul of restrictions and being on the hook for a passenger's flight out).
ንኣብነት፣ መብዛሕትኦም ሓፈሻዊ ዝኾኑ ካብ ቻይና ናብ ዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ትኬት ኣይሸጡን ዘለዉ (ናይ ገደባት ጥሐሰት ንዘይምፍጻምን ንናይ ተጎዓዝቲ በረራ ብምሕሳብን)።
To buy a ticket for an itinerary like this, you may have to contact the airline or use a lesser-known aggregator.
ንኸምዚ ዓይነት ናይ ጉዕዞ ትልሚ ቲኬት ንምግዛእ ምስ መንገዲ ኣየር ምርኻብ ወይድማ ብዙሕ ዘይፍለጥ ኣካቢ ምጥቃም የድሊ።
Another possibility is to buy two separate tickets (for instance, a ticket from China to Cambodia and a second ticket from Cambodia to the U.S.), but be careful you won't get quarantined or lose your luggage in between.
ካልእ ተኽእሎ ድማ ክልተ ዝተፈላለዩ ትኬት (ንኣብነት ሓደ ትኬት ካብ ቻይና ናብ ካምቦድያ ከምኡ’ውን ካልኣይ ትኬት ካብ ካምቦድያ ናብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ) ክትገዝእ እዩ ።ግን ኣብ’ዚ ግዜ’ዚ ከምዘይትውሸብን ቦርሳኻ ከይውሰደካን ተጠንቀቕ።
Connecting flights can be a problem.
በረራታት ምትእስሳር ሽግር ክህልዎ ይኽእል እዩ።
The risk of getting stuck in the connection city is higher than usual right now, due to delays for screening and testing as well as extensive cancellations.
ብ ምኽንያት ምፍላያትን ምርመራታትን ከምኡ እውን ሰፋሕቲ ስራዛታትን ዘጋጥሙ ምድንጓያት ዝተልዓለ ኣብ እቲ መረኻኻቢ ከተማ ናይ ምጽናሕ ሓደጋ ካብ እቲ ካልእ ግዜ ሐዚ ዝለዓለ እዩ።
Connecting in an affected area may lead to entry restrictions later on, and if you've been in an affected area recently some countries won't even let you change planes.
ኣብ ዝተለኸፈ ቦታ ምርካብ ጸኒሑ ናብ ናይ ምእታው እገዳ ከስዕብ ይኽእል እዩ፣ ኣብ ቀረባ ግዘታት ኣብ ዝተለኸፉ ቦታታት እንተነይርኩም ገለ ሃገራት ኣውሮፕላን ክትቅይሩ እውን ኣይፈቕዱልኩምን።
On certain itineraries there is a risk of getting quarantined somewhere along the way.
ኣብ ገለ መንገድታት ኣብ ገለ ከባቢ ናይ’ቲ መንገዲ ናይ ምውሻብ ኣጋጣሚ ኣሎ።
So book a direct flight if you can, and if not, think carefully about where to connect.
ስለ’ዚ እንተክኢልካ ንቀጥታዊ በረራ ክትምዝገብ ፈትን ።እዚ ምስ ዘይከውን ርክባትካ ኣበይ ከም እተተግብር ብጥንቃቐ ሕሰብ።
In uncertain times, plans can change.
ኣብ ዘይርጉጽ ግዜታት መደባት ክቀያየሩ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
Many embassies and consulates have evacuated nonessential staff, and some have shut down operations completely.
ብዙሓት ኤምባሲታትን ቆንሳላታትን ኣግድስቲ ዘይኮኑ ሰራሕተኛታቶም ናብ ዓዶም መሊሶሞም ይርከቡ ገልገሊኦም ድማ መሊኦም ዕዮታቶም ዓፅዮም ይርከቡ።
Emergency assistance should still be available, though it's possible you may have to contact a further-away consulate if your local one has shut down.
ኢመርጀንሲ ሓገዛት ቅሩባት ክኾኑ ኣለዎም፣ ናይ ከባቢኹም እንተተዓጽዩ ርሕቅ ንዝበለ መማኸሪ ንምርካብ ከትግደዱ ትኽእሉ ዋላ እኳ እንተኾንኩም።
If you have been stranded due to the pandemic, your nearest consulate may be able to help you find a flight home, arrange an emergency loan so you can buy a ticket, or provide an emergency passport.
ብሰንኪ እዚ ሕማም ሓዲግ ኮይንካ እንተደኣ ኣለኻ፡ ናብ ቦታኻ ንምኻድ በረራ ንኽትረክብ ፡ ትኬት ንክትገዝእ ህጹጽ ልቓሕ ንምርካብ ወይ’ውን ህጹጽ ፓስፖርት ንምርካብ ኣብ ቀረባኻ ዘሎ ቤት-ጽሕፈት ቆንስል ክሕግዘካ ይኽእል ይኸውን።
At the very least they can keep you informed about the local situation and notify you about recently introduced travel requirements and restrictions.
እንተንኢሱ ብዛዕባ ናይ ከባቢኹም ኩነታትን ኣብ ቀረባ ግዘ ዝተላለዩ ናይ ጉዕዞ ረቛሒታትን ገደባትን ዝምልከት ሓበሬታ ክህብኹም እዮም።
Ordinary consular services such as visa and passport processing may be suspended or restricted to urgent need, depending on the location and the consulate.
ቪዛን ፓስፖርት ምሃብን ዝመሳስሉ ናይ ኮንሱላር ግልጋሎታት ንኣገዳሲ ኩነታት ጥራሕ ብምፍቃድ ከከም ቦታታትን ኮንሱሌትን ተገዲቦም ይርከቡ።
Although some people call the disease "Wuhan pneumonia" (武汉(漢)肺炎/武肺), "Wuhan disease", or "Chinese virus", the use of these terms is considered racist in China and by many people of Chinese origin. 
ገለ ሰባት ዋላ “ኑሞንያ ዉሃን”፡”ሕማም ውሃን” ወይ “ቻይናዊ ቫይረስ” ኢሎም እንተጸውዕዎ ኣብ ቻይናን ቻይናዊ መበቆል ብዘለዎም ሰባትን ከም ዓሌታዊ ጸርፊ እዩ ዝርኣይ ።
It is still common to refer the disease as "Wuhan pneumonia" or "Chinese virus" in places like Hong Kong and Taiwan. 
ኣብ ከም ሆንግ ኮንግን ታይዋንን ዝመሳሰሉ ቦታታት ነዚ ሕማም ‘’ናይ ዉሃን ኒሞኒያ’’ ወይድማ ‘’ቻይኒዝ ቫይረስ’’ ተባሂሉ ክጽዋዕ ከሳብ ሕዚ ልሙድ እዩ።
To be safe, use location-neutral terms when referring to the disease, such as "COVID-19", "novel coronavirus", or just "the virus" or "the pandemic". 
ደሕንነትኩም ንምሕላው፣ ነዚ ሕማም ክትጽውዑ ከለኹም ንኩሉ ቦታ ዘስማዕምዕ ከም "ኮቪድ -19"፣ "ሓድሽ ኮሮናቫይረስ "፣ ወይ "እቲ ቫይረስ " ወይ "እቲ ለበዳ " ዝበሉ ቃላት ተጠቐሙ።
Particularly in developing countries where law enforcement are poorly trained, enforcement of curfew, lockdown or stay-at-home orders are often brutal, often using forces not proportionate against crowds.
ብፍላይ ኣብ ዝዓብያ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ሕጊ ኣፈፃፅማ ድሑር ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ሕላፍ ሰዓት፣ትካላት ምዕፃው ወይድማ ካብ ገዛ ናይ ዘይምዉፃእ ሕግታት ኣብ እቲ ህዝቢ ተመጣጣኒ ዘይኮነ ሓይሊ ብምጥቃም እዩ ዝኽበር ዘሎ።
Comply with these orders, and avoid crowds in public.
ነዞም ትእዛዛት እዚኦም ኣኽብሩ፣ ሰብ ዝበዝሖም ቦታታት ድማ ኣወግዱ።
As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, xenophobia has risen in many countries, primarily but not exclusively targeting people perceived to be Chinese.
ብ ሰንኪ ኮሮና ቫይረስ ፣ ብቐዳምነት ግን ኣብ እቶም ቻይናውያን እዮም ዝተብሃሉ ሰባት ጥራሕ ዘቕነዐ ክበሃል ዘይኽእል ዜኖፎቢያ (ናይ ሓደ ዓዲ ሰብ ነጺልካ ምጽላእ) ኣብ ብዙሕ ዓድታት ተላዒሉ እዩ።
There has been a worldwide spike in racist incidents targeting people of East Asian origin, including in major cities such as New York, London and San Francisco.
ኣብ ከም ኒውዮርክ፣ ለንደንን ሳንፍራንሲስኮን ዝኣመሰሉ ዓበይቲ ከተማታት ሓዊሱ ንናይ ምብራቕ ኤዥያ መበቆሎም ሰባት ዘነጻጸሩ ዓለምለኻዊ ዘርኣዊ ኣጋጣሚታት ኣለዉ፣ ።
In Hong Kong, Sinophobia, which was already high to begin with, has intensified as a result of the pandemic, with the result that many shops and restaurants are now denying service to mainland Chinese customers and banning Mandarin speakers from their premises (with the exception of Taiwanese).
ኣብ ሆንግ ኮንግ፣ ዝነበረ ኣብ ኣጀማምራኡ እውን ልዑል ዝነበረ ሲኖፎብያ(ምስ ቻይና ዝተትሓሓዘ ጽልኣት)፣ በዚ ለበዳ ምኽንያት ኣዝዩ ተጋዲዱ እዩ፣ ብዙሓት ሱቓትን ሬስቶራንትታትን ድማ ንናይ ዋና ቻይና ዓማዊል ኣገልግሎት ከልኪሎም ኣለዉ ናይ ማንድሪን ተዛረብቲ ድማ ካብ ከባቢኦም ክርሕቑ ተገይሮም ኣለዉ (ብዘይካ ታይዋናውያን)።
Levels of xenophobia have also risen in East Asia, with some restaurants and other businesses in Japan and China refusing service to foreign customers.
ናይ xenophobia መጠናት ኣብ ምብራቕ ኤስያ በዚሖም ኣለዉ፣ ገለ ናይ ጃፓንን ቻይናን ሬስቶራንትታትን ካልኦት ቢዝነሳትን ንወጻእተኛታት ዓማዊል ኣገልግሎት ኣብ ምኽልካል ይርከቡ።
In China, there have been incidents of foreigners being refused rooms by hotel staff, and foreign residents, particularly black people, being kicked out of their apartments on short notice by their landlords.
ኣብ ቻይና ወጻእተኛታት ብሰራሕተኛታት ሆቴል መዕረፊ ክፍልታት ካብ ምሓዝ ይክልከሉን ወጻእተኛታት ተቐማጦ ብፍላይ ድማ ጸለምቲ፡ ብወነንቲ ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ንኽወጹ ብዝወሃቦም ምልክታ ካብ ክፍሎም ዝስጎጉሉ ዘለዉ ኣጋጣሚታት ኣለዉ።
Sources for further information on the coronavirus outbreak include:
ኣብ ናይ ኮሮናቫይረስ ለበዳ ዝበለጸ ሓበሬታ ዝህቡ ምንጪታት ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ዘካትቱ እዮም:
The US government Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
ናይ US ማእኸል ናይ ሕማም ቁፅፅርን ምክልኻልን
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (daily updates)
ናይ ኣውሮፓ ማእኸል ምክልኻልን ቀፅፅርን ሕማም(ECDPC)( ዕለታዊ ዜናታት)
United Kingdom government, - Foreign and Commonwealth Office advice for Travellers
መንግስቲ ዩናይትድ ኪንግደም፡ ናይ ወጻኢን ኮመን-ዌልዝ ቤት ጽሕፈት ምኽሪ ን ገያሾ
An online map and dashboard from the John Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering with live updates
ናይ John Hopkins University ናይ ሳይንስን ኢንጂነሪንግን ማእኸል ኦንላይን ካርታን ዳሽ ቦርድን ምስ ቀጥታ ዝኾነ ሓድሽ ዜና።
Partial lists of entry restrictions from IATA and The New York Times
ናይ ምእታው ገደባት ከፊል ዝርዝራት ካብ IATA ናይ New York Times ን
A variety of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus are being promoted online and even by some government officials, so be careful which sources you check for information.
ዝተፈላለዩ ግጉይ ሓበሬታ ከምኡዉን እማረ-ሓሳባት ኣባ ማሕበራዊ ሚድያታትን ዋላ እውን ብናይ መንግስቲ ኣካላትን ይስፋሕፍሑ ኣለዉ። ስለዚ ሓበሬታ እንትንረክበሉ ምንጭታት ክነረጋገፅ ይግባእ።
Ensure that all information and advice you receive has been backed by reputable doctors and scientists.
ኩሉ ሓበሬታን ንብረትን ትረኽቦ ብ ስም ዘለዎም ሓካይምን ተመራመርቲ ስነፍልጠትን ከምዝድገፍ ኣረጋግጽ።
In a crisis, it's natural to want to keep following the latest updates, but it may be better for your mental health to moderate the amount of news that you look at, and stick to reliable news sources.
ኣብ ግዜ ቅልውላው ሓደስቲ ሓበሬታታት ንምክትታል ምድላይ ባህርያዊ እዩ ።ንኣእምሮኣዊ ጥዕናኻ ግን ትከታተሎ ዜና ምጡን ክትገብሮን ዝተኣማምን ሓበሬታ ዝፍንዉ ምንጭታት ክትከታተልን ዝሓሸ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
If you normally watch the news twice per day then stick to this schedule and do something else, rather than having the 24-hour news on continuously.
ኣብ መዓልቲ ክልተ ጊዜ ዜና ትሪኡ እንተኾይንኩም፣ 24 ሰዓት ኣብ ዜና ተጸሚድካ ካብ ምውዓል፣ ነዚ መደብ እዚ ቀጽሊ ብምግባር ካልኦት ነገራት እውን ከውኑ።
b'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.
b'Angiotensin- ኢንዛየም ቀያሪ 2 (ACE2) ኣብ ሳንቡእ፣ ኣብ ልቢ፣ ኣብ ኩላሊትን ኣብ መዓናጡን ኣብ ዝርከቡ መትኒታት ደጋዊ ኣካል (ግድግዳ ዋህዮ) ተጣቢቑ ዝርከብ ኢንዛየም እዩ።
ACE2 counters the activity of the related angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1-7) making it a promising drug target for treating cardiovascular diseases.ACE2 also serves as the entry point into cells for some coronaviruses.
ACE2 ን ዓቐን ኣንጅዮተንሲን-II ብምጉዳልን ንኣንጅ(1-7) ብምውሳኽን ንንጥፈታት ናይ ኣንጂዮተንሲን ኮንቨርቲንግ ኢንዛይም (ACE) ይጻረር ።እዚ ድማ ንናይ መትነ-ልባዊ ሕማማት ንምፍዋስ ተስፋ ዘለዎ መድሃኒት ይገብሮ ። ACE2 ን ገሊኦም ኮሮናቫይረሳት ከም መእተዊ ናብ ዋህዮታት እውን የገልግል እዩ ።
The human version of the enzyme is often referred to as hACE2.
ኣብ ሰባት ዝርከብ ነፍሳዊ ቅመም መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ hACE2ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ።
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a zinc containing metalloenzyme located on the surface of endothelial and other cells.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ዚንክ ዝሓዘ ሜታሎኢኤንዛይም እንትኸዉን ኣብ ናይ ኢንዶቴልያልን ካልኦት ዋህዮትን ደጋዊ ኣካል ይርከብ።
ACE2 protein contains an N-terminal peptidase M2 domain and a C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain.
ACE2 ፕሮቲን N-ተርሚናል ፔፕቲዴዝ M2 ዶሜን ከምኡውን C-ተርሚናል ኮሌክትሪን ሬናል ኣሚኖ ኣሲድ መጎዓዓዚ ዶሜን ዝሓዘ እዩ።
ACE2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein, with its enzymatically active domain exposed on the surface of cells in lungs and other tissues.
ACE2 ነጸላ መሕለፊ ዘለዎ ዓይነት I መምብሬን ፕሮቲን እዩ፣ ናይ ኤንዛይም ንጡፍ ዝኾነ ዓብላልነት ኣብ ልዕሊ ናይ ሳንቡእን ካልኦት ቲሹታትን ብላዕሊ ተቓሊዑ ዝረኣይ እዩ።
The extracellular domain of ACE2 is cleaved from the transmembrane domain by another enzyme known as sheddase, and the resulting soluble protein is released into the blood stream and ultimately excreted into urine.
ካብ ዋህዮ ወጻኢ ዝኾነ ናይ ACE2 ዶሜን ካብ ትራንስመምብሬን ዶሜን ብካልእ ሼዴዝ ዝበሃል ኢንዛይም ይቑረጽ፣ እቲ ድሕሪኡ ዝፍጠር ሓቓቒ ፐሮቲን ድማ ናብ ናይ ደም ትቦታት ይስደድ ድሕሪኡ ድማ ብሽንቲ ክውገድ ይግበር።
ACE2 is present in most organs: ACE2 is attached to the cell membrane of mainly lung type II alveolar cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells in most organs.
ACE2 ኣብ መብዛሕትኦም ኣካላት ሰብነት ይርከብ: ACE2 ብፍላይ ኣብ ናይ ሳንቡእ ዓይነት II ኣልቪዮላር ዋህዮታት፣ ናይ ቀጢን መዓንጣ ኢንትሮሳይታት፣ ናይ ኣርተሪን ቨይንን ኢንዶቴልያል ዋህዮታትን ናይ ኣርተሪ ልሙጽ ጭዋዳታት ዋህዮታትን ናይ ዋሀዮ ሽፋናት መብዛሕትኦም ኦርጋናት ተተሓሒዙ ይርከብ።
ACE2 mRNA expression is also found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem.
ACE2 mRNA ኣገላልጻ ኣብ ሰረብራል ኮርቴክስ፣ ስትሪያተም፣ ሃይፖታላመስን ብረይንስተምን እወን ይርከብ።
The primary function of ACE2 is to act as a counter balance to ACE.
ቀዳማይ ኣገልግሎት ናይ ACE2 ን ACE ንምምዝዝዛን እዩ።
ACE cleaves angiotensin I hormone into the vasoconstricting angiotensin II.
ACE፣angiotensin I hormone ናብ ደም ሰራዉር ዘፅብብ angiotensin II ይኸፍሎ።
ACE2 in turn cleaves the carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine from angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and hydrolyses it into the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 ድማ ብወገኑ ን carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine ካብ angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) ን ብምፍላይ ናብ vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH) ህይድሮልይሰ ይገብሮ:
ACE2 can also cleave a number of other peptides including [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, and ghrelin.
ACE2 ከም [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, and ghrelin ዝመሳሰሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ፔፕታይዳት ክመቅል ይኽእል እዩ።
ACE2 also regulates the membrane trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 and has been implicated in Hartnup's disease.
ACE2 ንናይ ገለተኛ ኣጎዓዓዚ ኣሚኖ-ኣሲድ SLC6A19 ምዕጋት መምብራና ይቆጻጸር ከምኡ’ውን ምስ ሕማም ሃርትናፕ እውን ይተኣሳሰር እዩ ።
As a transmembrane protein, ACE2 serves as the main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (the virus that causes SARS); and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
ከም ትራንስመምብሬን ፕሮቲን, ACEI 2 ን HCoV-NL63 ን እንኮላይ ን ገለ ናይ ኮሮና ቫይረስ ከም በዓል SARS-CoV (SARS ንቫይረስ); ከምኡ’ውን SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 ን effect ቫይረስ) ዋና መተኣታተዊ ነጥቢ ኮይኑ ዘገልግል እዩ።
More specifically, the binding of the spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 to the enzymatic domain of ACE2 on the surface of cells results in endocytosis and translocation of both the virus and the enzyme into endosomes located within cells.
ብፍላይ ድማ ናይ SARS-CoV S1ን SARS-CoV2ን ፕሮቲን ስፓይክ ምስ ኣብ ደጋዊ ኣካል ናይ እቶም ዋህዮታት ዝርከብ ACE2 ኤንዛይም ዶሜይን ዝግበር ምትእስሳር ኢንዶሳይቶሲስን ትራንስሎኬሽንን ናይ እቲ ቫይረስን ናይ እቲ ኤንዛይምን ኣብ ዋህዮ ዉሽጢ ናብ ዝርከብ ኢንዶሶም ዝፍጠር እዩ።
This entry process also requires priming of the S protein by the host serine protease TMPRSS2, the inhibition of which is under current investigation as a potential therapeutic.This has led some to hypothesize that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection.
እዚ መተኣታተዊ መስርሕ ከዓ TMPRSS2 ዝበሃል ናይ እቲ ተሸካሚ ሴሪን ፕሮቴዝ ንS ፕሮቲን ፕራይም ምግባር የድሊዮ። ምዕጋት እዚ ፕሮቴዝ ድማ ከም መድሃኒት ክንጥቀመሉ ከምንኽእል መፅናዕቲ ይካየድ ኣሎ። እዚ ድማ ካልኦት ኣብ ዋህዮታት ናይ ACE2 ዓቐን ብምቕናስ ነዚ ረኽሲ ምቅላስ ይከኣል ዝብል ሓሳብ ንኸቕርቡ ገይሩዎም እዩ።
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
ይኹን እምበር ብዙሓት ሰብ ሞያን ተቖጻጸርቲ ኣካላትን ንምቕጻል ደረጃኡ ዝሓለወ ናይ ACE ገታኢ ን ARB ፍወሳን ይመኽሩ ።
A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 11, 2012, found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls."
ኣብ ጁላይ 11, 2012 ዝተሓተመ ስሩዕ ዝኾነ ገምጋምን ሜታ አናላይሲስን ፣ "ናይ ACE inhibitors ምጥቃም ምስ ቁጽጽራት ክነጻጸር ከሎ 34% ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ ናይ ምምዕባል ዕድል ከምዝቐነሰ" ኣርእዩ እዩ።
Moreover, "the risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure.
ልዕሊ እዚ፣ "ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ ምፍጣር ዕድል ብናይ ACE ኢንሂቢተራት ኣብ ዝተሓከሙ ኣብ ከቢድ ናይ ሳንቡእ ወቕዒ ናይ ምምዕባል ዕድል ዝነበሩ ሕሙማት ክቕነስ ተኻኢሉ እዩ፣ ብፍላይ ስትሮክን ናይ ልቢ ውድቀትን ከጋጥሞም ኣብ ዝኽእለሉ ሰባት።
Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."
ዋላ እኳ እቲ ውጽኢት ንኒሞንያ ከም ዝንኪ እተዘይኣመተ ምጥቃም ናይ ACE ገታእቲ ምስ ምንካይ ብሰንኪ ኒሞንያ ዝስዕብ ሞት ይተሓሓዝ እዩ ።
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ሪኮምቢናንት ናይ ሰብ ACE2 (rhACE2) ንህጹጽ ናይ ሳንባ ጉድኣት ሓድሽ ሕክምና እዩ፣ ፑልምናሪ ሃይፖዳይናሚክስን ናይ ኦክሲጅን ሳቹሬሽንን ብ lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome( ሊፖፖሊሳካራይድ-ዝመጸ ህጹጽ ናይ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ምጭንናጭ ምልክታት ሕማም) ናይ ዘለወን ውላዳት ሓሳማታት ከመሓይሽ ተራእዩ።
The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.
ናይ rhACE2 ካብቲ ዝነበሮ ፃዕቂ ፍርቂ ዝበፅሓሉ ጊዜ ከባቢ 10 ሰዓታት ኮይኑ ፣ ካብቲ ናይ 24 ሰዓታት ኣብ ስራሕ ዝጸንሓሉ (ጻንሒት) ጊዜ በተወሳኺ ናብ ስራሕ ዝኣትወሉ ጊዜ ድማ ኣብ ውሽጢ 30 ደቓይቕ ይኸውን።
Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.Infused rhACE2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ብዙሓት ርካቦታት rhACE2 ንናይ renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) ዘይቕበሉ ሰባት ተስፋ ዘለዎ መድሓኒት ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ ኣንጂዮቴንሲን II ልዑል ኣብ ዝኾነሎም ሕማማት።ዝተከሉ rhACE2 ንከቢድ ናይ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ዲስትረስ ሲንድረም ክሕክም ኣብ ክሊኒካል ፈተነ ተረጋጊጹ እዩ።
b'Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus).
b'Bat SARS-like ኮሮና ቫይረስ WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1) ሓደሓደ ግዜ ድማ SARS-ዝመስል ኮሮና ቫይረስ WIV1 ተባሂሉ ዝፅዋዕ ናይ ከቢድ ሃንደበታዊ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ ሕማም ዘምፅእ ኮሮና ቫይረስ (SARSr-CoV) ካብ ኣብ ቻይና ዝርከብ ሩፎስ ሆርስሹ መንካዕ (Rhinolophus sinicus) ተረኺቡ ።
Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.
ከም ኩሎም ኮሮናቫይረሳት፣ ቫይሮናት ሲንግል-ስትራንድድ ፖዘቲቭ -ስምዒት ዘለዎም ዝተዓሸጉ RNA ዝሓዙ እዮም።
The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
እቲ ምህዞ ናይ SARS-CoV ተፈጥራዊ መንበሪ መንካዕ ምዃኑ የረጋግፅ።
Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
ፋይሎጀነቲካዊ ምርምር ሳርስ ካብ መንካዕ ናብ ሰባት ብዘይ ሞንጎኝነት ናይ ቻይና ዝባድ፡ ዘይከም ቅድሚ ሕጂ ዝእመነሉ፡ ብቐጥታ ክመሓላለፈሉ ዝኽእል መንገዲ የርእይ ።
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
b'COVID-19 ናይ ሞባይል ሶፍትዌር መተግበሪ ማለት ነቲ ኣብ 2019-20 ኮሮና ቫይረስ ለበዳ መልሲ ኣብ ምሃብ፣ ብምትንካፍ ሕማም ምትሕልላፍ ንምክትታል ሓበሬታ ይህቡ እዮም፥ ማለት ምስ ብሕማም ዝተታሕዘ ውልቀ-ሰብ ርክብ ዝነበሮም ሰባት ናይ ምፍላይ መስርሕ እዩ።
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
ኣብ ገሊኦም ግዝኣታትን ሕጋዊ ስልጣናትን ብወግዓዊ ሓገዝ ናይ መንግስቲ ተሰንዮም ብዙሓት ኣፕሊኬሽናት ተኣሚሞምን ተሰሪሖምን።
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
ርክባት ንምክትታል ዝሕግዙ ኣፕሊኬሽናት ንምምዕባል ብዙሓት ስርዒታት ተሰሪሖም ኣለዉ ።
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
ብፍላይ ኣብ እቶም ናይ እቲ መተግበሪ ተጠቀምቲ ጂኦግራፊያዊ ኣከባቢ ብምክትታል ዝተመስረቱ ስርዓታት ብዛዕባ ብሑትነት ዝምልከት ስግኣት ክለዓሎም ጸኒሑ እዩ።
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
ካብቶም ናይ ውልቀ ሰባት ብሓትውነት ኣብ ምሕላው ዝሓሹ ዝበሃሉ ኣማራጺታት ብሉቱዝ ብምጥቃም ናይ ተጠቃሚ ደረጃ ቅርበት ናብ ካልኦት ስልክታት ምልኣኽ እዩ።
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
ኣብ 10 ኤፕሪል 2020 ጎግል ምስ ኣፕል ብሓባር ኮይኖም ብሉቱዝ መሰረት ጌሩ ዝሰርሕ መተግበሪ ቀጥታ ናብ ኣንድሮይድን iOS ኦፕሬቲንግ ሲስተምን ኣብ ምዉህሃድ ከምዝሰርሑ ተዛሪቦም።
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
ኣብ ቻይና፣ መንግስቲ ቻይና ምስ ኣሊፓይ ብምትሕብባር ዜጋታት ምስ COVID-19 ዝተትሓዘ ሰብ ርክብ ከምዝነበሮም ዝነግሮም መተግበሪ ኣብ ስራሕ ኣውዒሎም።
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
ኣብ ልዕሊ 200 ከተማታት ቻይና ኣብ ጥቕሚ ኣብ ምውዓል ይርከብ። ኣብ ሲንጋፖር ትሬስ_ቱጌዘር ዝተባህለት ኣፕሊኬሽን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ኣብ ምውዓል ተርከብ።
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
እዚ መተግበሪ ብናይ ከባብያዊ IT ማሕበረሰብ ዝማዕበለ ኮይኑ ንመንግስቲ ተዋሂቡ ንህዝቢ ድማ ክፍቲ ኮይኑ ይርከብ። ሰሜን ማሴዶኒያ "StopKorona!" ብዝብል ዝጀመሮ ብብሉቱዝ መሰረት ዝተሰርሐ መተግበሪ እዩ። ጥቕሙ ድማ ምስ ዝሓመመ ሰብ ርክብ ዘለዎ ሰብ ንምርካብን ንጥዕና ባዓል ሞያ ቅልጡፍ ዝኾነ መልሲ ምሃብን እዩ።
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
እቲ መተግበሪ ብ Ministry of Communication and Technology(ናይ ርክብ ን ቴክኖሎጂ ሚኒስቴር) ን ብ Ministry of Health(ናይ ጥዕና ሚኒስቴር)ን ዝማዕበለ እዩ።
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
ካብ14, ኤፕሪል 2020 ኣቢሉ እቲ መተግበሪ ብጉግል ፕሌይ ስቶርን ኣፕል ስቶር ክሳብ ዚጸድቅ ይጽበ ኔሩ።
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
ኣብ ኣፕሪል 12፡ እታ ርክባት ትከታተል ምምዕባል ኣፕሊኬሽን ከም ዝሰጎመን ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰሙናት ንምስላፍ ቅሩብ ምዃኑን እቲ መንግስቲ ሓቢሩ ።ተመሳሳሊ ኣፕሊኬሽን ንምምዕባል ኣብ ኣየርላንድን ፈረንሳን ይውጠን ኣሎ(“ኮቪድ ግታእ”) ።
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
ኣውስትራሊያ ኒውዚላንድን ኣብ ናይ ሲንጋፖር TraceTogether መተግበሪ ን BlueTrace ፐሮቶኮልን መሰረት ዝገበሩ መተግበሪታት ንምጥቃም ኣብ ግምት የእትዋ ኣለዋ።ሩስያ ንዝተረጋጹ ኣብ ሞስኮ ዝነብሩ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሕሙማት geofencing መተግበሪ ክተላሊ እያ፣ ካብ ገዝኦም ከምዘይወጹ ንምርግጋጽ ዝተነደፈ መተግበሪ እዩ።
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
ሮስ ኣንደርሰን ኣብ ካምብሪጅ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ናይ ድሕነት ምህንድስና ፕሮፌሰር፡ ምስ ኣብ ኣፕሊኬሽን መሰረት ዝገበሩ ስርዓታት ተተሓሒዞም ክመጽኡ ዝኽእሉ ብዙሓት ተግባራዊ ጸገማት ዘርዚሩ ።እዚ ድማ ንግጉይ ኣዎንታዊ ውጽኢት ምሃብን ምስ ምጥቃም እታ ኣፕሊኬሽን ኣብ ውሑድ ክፋል እቲ ህዝቢ ተተሓሒዙ ክመጽእ ዝኽእል ምጉዳል ኣድማዕነትን የጠቓልል።
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
ዝተሰሓሓተ ወይ ጎዳኢ ሓበሬታ ናይ ዝህቡ ናይ "ኮሮናቫይረስ" መተግበሪታት ስርጭት ንምፍታሕ፣ Apple ምስ ኮሮናቫይረስ ዝተተሓሓዙ መተግበሪታት ናብ App Store ክሓውሱ ዝፈቕደሎም ድርጅታት ገደብ ጌሩ፣ ን "ዕላዊ" ወይ ንተኣመንቲ ድርጅታት ጥራሕ እዩ ዝፈቅድ።
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
ጉግልን ኣማዞንን ተምሳሳልቲ እግዳታት ኣተግቢሮም ኣለዉ።
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
ናይ ብሕታውነት ጎስጎስቲ ናይ ኮሮና ቫይረስ መተግበሪታት ብምጥቃም ዝግበር ናይ ሓፋሽ ክትትል ከምጽኦ ዝኽእል ጽልዋ ብዘለዎም ስግኣት ድምጾም ኣስሚዖም፡ ብፍላይ ድማ እዚ ንለበዳ ኮሮናቫይረስ ንምግታእ ኢሉ ዝተሃንጸ ናይ ክትትል ሃዋሁ እቲ ሓደጋ ድሕሪ ምሕላፉ ይፍንጣሕ ድዩ ዋላስ ኣይኮነን ብዝምልከት ።
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Amnesty Internationalን ካልኦት ልዕሊ 100 ዝኾኑ ትካላትን ኣብ ከም ዚኦም ዓይነታት ስለላታት ገደብ ክግበር መግለጺ ሂቦም።
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
እቲ ትካል ኣብ ናይ መንግስቲ ፕሮጀክትታት ሸሞንተ ኩነታት ኣዊጁ፡
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
እቲ ክትትል ‘’ሕጋዊ፣ኣገዳስን ተመጣጠነን’’ ክኸዉን ይግባእ።
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
ናይ ምቁጽጻርን ምክትታልን መደባት ናይ ዘብቅዑሉ እዋን መግለጺ የድልዮም እዩ።
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
ናይ ዳታ ጥቕሚ ንCOVID-19 ጥራሕ ክወሰን እዩ።
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
ናይ ሓበሬታ ድሕነትን ሕቡእነትን ኣብ ጭብጢ መርኩስ ብምግባር ክሕለውን ከምዝሕለው ክረኣይን ኣለዎ ።
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
ዲጂታዊ ጽኑዕ-ሓለዋ ንምብኣስ ፍልልይን ጉስያን ከወግድ ኣለዎ፡
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
ዝኾነ ይኹን ዳታ ምስ ሳልሳይ ኣካል ምክፋል ብሕጊ ክግለጽ ኣለዎ;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
ኣንጻር ጥቕዓታትን ናይ ዜጋታት ነዞም ጥቕዓታት እዚኦም መልሲ ናይ ምሃብ መሰል ሓለዋ ክህልዉ ኣለዎ;
meaningful participation by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
"""ትርጉም ዘለዎ ተሳትፎ"" ብ ኩሎም ""ዝምልከቶም ሼር ተሓዝቲ"" የድሊ እዩ፣ ናይ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ሰብ ሞያታትን ናይ ዝተሓዋወሱ ጉጅለታትን ሓዊሱ። ናይ ጀርመን ኮኣስ ኮምፒዩተር ክለብን(CCC) ዶብ ዘይግድቦም ጸብጸብቲን(Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) እውን ቼክሊስት ኣውጺኦም እዮም።"
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
እዚ ቀሪቡ ዘሎ ናይ Google/Apple ትልሚ ኣድላዪ ኣብ ዘይኮነሉ ግዘ እዚ ናይ ክትትልን ሓለዋን ሜላ ካብ ናይ ኤሌክግሮኒክስ መጥቀሚታቶም ብምውጋድ ቀጻላይ ዝኾነ ናይ ሓለዋ ጸገም ክፈትሑ ይደለዩ።
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
ገለ ሃገራት መተግበሪታት ካብ ምጥቃም ኔትዎርክ መሰረት ዝገበረ ናይ ቦታ መድለዪ መገዲታት ተጠቒመን፣ መተግበሪታት ካብ ኢንተርኔት ናይ ምውራድን ኣድላይነትን ናይ ምክትታላት ተኽእሎታት ንምውጋድ ጠቓሚ እዩ።
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
ኣብ እስራኤል ኣብ ኔትዎርክ መሰረት ዝገበረ ምክትታል ጸዲቑ ኣሎ ።
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
ንጥረ ናይ ከባቢ ሓበሬታ ክረከብ ዝኽእል ኣብ መርበብ ዝተመስረተ መፍትሒ ዓቢ ዝኾነ ናይ ብሑትነት ፀገም ኣለዎ።
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
ኮይኑ ግን ኩሎም ማእኸላይ ሰርቨር ዘለዎም ናብ ውልቃዊ ናይ ኣከባቢ መሐበሪ ክረኸቡ ኣለዎም ማለት ኣይኮነን፡ ማእከላይ ሰርቨር ውሽጣዊ ርክባት ንምስልሳል ጥራይ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ንኽውዕሉ ዝገብሩ ብዙሓት ናይ ብሑትነት ፖሊሲታት ተፈጢሮም ኣለዉ (ኣብ ታሕቲ ዘሎ ክፋል ይርኣዩ)።
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
ኣብ ደቡብ ኮርያ፣ ናይ ንኽክእ ከይዲ ንምክትታል ካብ መተግበሪ ወጻኢ ዝኾነ ስርዓት ኣብ ጥቕሚ ውዒሉ እዩ።
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
ርእሱ ዝወሰነ መተግበሪ(app) ካብ ምጥቃም፡እዚ መስርሕ መጠቆሚ ሓበሬታ ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ምንጭታት ከም በዓል ናይ ሞባይል መከታተሊ ዳታ ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ካርታ ሽመታ ዳታ ብምሕዋስ ናብቲ ሕማም ዝተቃልዑ ውልቀ-ሰባት ጽሑፋዊ መልእክትታት ይሰድድ።
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
እዚ ሓበሬታ እዚ ተነኻኺኦም ክኾኑ ዝኽእሉ ሰባት ካብ ምንቃሕ ብተወሳኺ፣ እቲ መንግስቲ እቲ ናይ ቦታ ሓበሬታ ንህዝቢ ቅሩብ ጌርዎ፣ ድሕሪ ናይ እታ ሃገር ናይ MERS ለበዳ ምኽንያት ዝተፈጠረ ናይ ሓበሬታ ፖሊሲ ለውጢ ክፍቀድ ዝገበሮ ነገር እዩ።
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
እዚ ሓበሬታ እዚ ብዝተፈላለዩ መተግበሪታትን መርበብ ሓበሬታትን ቅሩብ እዩ።ከም በዓል ጀርመን ዝበላ ሃገራት እውን ማእኸላይን ናይ ውልቃዊነት -ዓቃቢ ስርዓት ይጥቀማ ኣለዋ።
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
ካብ ኣፕሪል 6, 2020 ጀሚሩ ዝርዝራት ኣይወጽኡን።
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
ብሑትነት ብምሕላው ምስ ሕሙም ርክብ ዘለዎም ሰባት ንምርካብ ዝግበር ኣከያይዳ ብሕጋዊ ኣግባብ ዝተሰረተ ኮይኑ ነዚ ዝምርምር ስነፅሑፍ ኣካል ተነኣሰ ኣብ 2013 ተጀሚሩ። ካብ 7 ሚያዝያ 2020 ጀሚሩ ልዕሊ ደርዘን ዝኾኑ ጉጅለ ባዓል ሞያታት ከም ብሉቱዝ ሎው ኢኔርጂ (BLE) ብምጥቃም ተጠቃማይ ናብ ካልኦት ስልክታት ክንደይ ዝኣክል ይቐርብ ዝብል ብምምዝጋብ ብሑትነት ዘይጎድእ መፍትሒ ምጥቃም ይከኣል እዩ።
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
እንተኾነ ግን፣ PEPP-PT ዝተማእኸለን ዘይተማእኸለን ኣቀራርባ ዝሓዘ ናይ ሕብረት ጻዕሪ እዩ፣ ነጸላ ፕሮቶኮል እውን ኣይኮነን። ዘይተማእኸሉ ፕሮቶኮላት ዝበሃሉ ናይ ውልቃዊነት-ዝሕልዉ ኣቕርቦታት ክትትል (DP-PPT/DP-3T)፣ ግዜያዊ ናይ ንኽክእ ቁጽሪታት (TCN, fka ንኽክእ ምድላው ቁጽሪታት፣ CEN)፣ ውልቃዊ ብቐሊሉ ተቓላዒ ፕሮቶኮላትን ናይ ተንቀሳቓሲ ንኽክእ ምክትታልን (PACT) ከምኡውን ካልኦት ካብ ማእኸለ ምብታን እዩ።
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
ኣብዚኦም ፕሮቶኮላት፡ ዝልለ ውልቃዊ ሓበሬታ ካብ'ዚ መሳርሒ ኣይወጽእን ከምኡ'ውን ኩሉ ምስምማዕ ሓበሬታ ኣብ'ቲ መሳርሒ ይፍጸም።
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
ኣብ MIT ሚድያ ላብራቶሪ ዝርከብ ናይ ፅንዓት ጉጅለ ኣንይ ቦታ መረዳእታት ኣብ ምእካብን ኣብ ምጥቃምን ናይ privacy-preserving ቴክኒካት ብምጥቃም ውይድማ path intersection data ብምጥዋም ናይ COVID-19 ናይ ተላባድነት ቅልጣፈ ንምፍላጥ ውሕስ መንገዲ ኣብ ምምዕባል ይርከቡ።
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
መሰረቱ ኣብ መጽናዕቲ ካብ ዋይትፔፐር "ዝወስለቱ ኣፓት፡ ምዕቃብ ውልቃዊ ብሕትና ኣብ ግዜ ለበዳ" ብምግባር ኣብ ማርች 2020 ዝተዘርግሐ እዩ ።ካልእ ተመሳሳሊ ጻዕሪ ድማ ብ ኤኒግማ ኤምፒሲ ዝበሃል ኣብ ኤምኣይቲ ሜድያ ላብራቶሪ ዝማዕበለ ናይ ብሕቲ ቴክኖሎጂታት ዘማዕብል ትካል ዝተሰርሐ ሴፍ ትሬስ ፕላትፎርም እዩ።
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
ሴፍ ትሬስ ውሕሰነቶም ዝተረጋገጹ ናይ ሃርድዌር ቴክኖሎጂታት ብምጥቃም፡ ተጠቀምቲ ናይ ውልቂ ኣድራሻን ናይ ጥዕና ኩነታት ምስ ካልኦት ተጠቀምቲን ሰራሕተኛታትን ብዘይ ስግኣት ክለዋወጡ ዝገብር እዩ።
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
ኣብ 5 ኣፕሪል 2020፣ ዓለም ለኻዊ TCN ሕብረት ብዛዕባ ተመሳሳሊ ዝኾኑ ኣቀራርባታትን ተደራረብቲ ፕሮቶኮላትን ብዝምልከት ዝሓበሩ ጉጅለታት ዝተመስረተ እዩ፣ ዕላምኡ ድማ ምቁርራጽ ንምቕናስን፣ ዓለም ለኻዊ ናይ መከታተሊን መንቅሒን ኣፓት ኣብ ምፍጣር ብሓባር ምስራሕን እዩ፣ ናይ ብሰፊሑ ዝተሰራጨወ ቁልፊ ከይዲ።
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
ኣብ ኤፕሪል 9, 2020 መንግስቲ ሲንጋፖር እቲ ስሩዕ ናይ እቲ መንግስቲ መተግበሪ ዝጥቀመሉ ብሉትሬስ ፕሮቶኮል ከምዝተኸፈተ ገሊፁ።
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
ኣብ ኣፕሪል 10, 2020 ን ናይ ኣንድሮይድን ኣይ ኦ ኤስን ናይ ሞባይል መድረኽ ዝቆጻጸሩ ጉግልን ኣፕልን፡ ብሕታዊነት ይዕቅብ እዩ ዝበልዎ ብምጽንባር ኣብ ትሑት ሓይሊ ብሉቱዝ ቴክኖሎጂን ውሕስነት መዐቀቢ ክሪፕቶግራፊን መሰረት ዝገበረ ርክባት ናይ ምክትታል ተበግሶ ኣዊጆም።
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
ኣብ እዚ ሲስተም እዚ ናይ ዝተጠቐሙ ወሰንቲ ቴክኖሎጂታት መብራህርሂታት እውን ኣሐቲሞም እዮም።
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
ብ መሰረት ኣፕልን ጉግልን ፣ እቲ ስርዓት ኣብ ሰለስተ ብርኪታት እዩ ናብ ስራሕ ክኣቱ።
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
መንግስቲታት ዕላዊ ናይ ውልቃውነት-ዓቃቢ ኮሮናቫይረስ መከታተሊ መተግበሪ ንክፈጥሩ ዘኽእሉ መሳርሒታት
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
ናይ'ዚ መስርሕ እዚ ብቐጥታ ናብ 'ቲ OS ን Android ጉግል ን ኣፕልን መጀምሪያ ብ መንገዲ ነቲ ስርዓት ብመንገዲ ናይ ኮምፒውተር ኦፕሬቲንግ ስርዓት ምህዳስ ኣቢልካ ብምዝርጋሕ ደሓር ከዓ እቲ ሓድጋ ምስ ሓለፈ ብተመሳሳሊ መንገዲ ካብቲ ስርዓት ንኸውፅእ ናይ ምግባር ናይ ምውሳድን ቀፀልቲ ናይ ዳህሳስ ፀገማትን ንምፍላጥ ትልሚ ምትእሰሳር እዩ።
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
ቢ’ኮቪድ-19፡ ንክብደት ናይ 2019-20 ሕማም ኮሮናቫይረስ (ኮቪድ-19) ዘጉድል ናይ መከላኸሊ ክታበት ወይ ዝእዘዝ ናይ ፍወሳ መድሃኒት ንምምዕባል ዝግበር ናይ መጽናዕቲ መስርሕ እዩ ።
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
ዓለምለኻዊ ናይ WHO ክሊኒካዊ ፈተነ ናይ ምዝገባ መድረኽ ድሕሪ COVID-19 ረኽሲ ክወሃብ ዝኽእል ፈዉሲን ኣብ ትሕቲ ክሊኒካዊ መፅናዕቲ ዝርከቡ ካልኦት ረኽሲ ንምፍዋስ ዝጠቕሙ ብዙሕ ናይ ጸረ-ቫይረስ ዉሁዳትን ንምፅናዕ 536 ዝኾኑ ክሊኒካል መፅናዕቲ መዝጊቡ።
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
ኣብ መጋቢት ዓለማዊ ውድብ ጥዕና ን “ስምረት ፈተነ” ኣብ 10 ሃገራት ናይ ፍወሳ ውጽኢት ናይ ኣድማዕነት ተስፋ ዝተገብረሎም ኣርባዕተ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒታት ንምጽናዕ ብ ኣሽሓት ዝቑጸሩ ብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተታሕዙ ሰባት ብምስታፍ ኣጀሚሩ።
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
ኣብ ኣፕሪል 2020፡ ን ገስጋስ ኣፍልጦ ዝተዋህቦም ክታበታትን ተወዳደርቲ መድሃኒታትን ናይ COVID-19 ንምምዕባል ዝግበሩ ክሊኒካዊ ፈተነታት ዝግምግም ኣገባባዊ ጽሑፍ ተሓቲሙ። ምምዕባል ክታበትን መድሃኒትን ብዙሕ ደረጃታት ዘለዎ መስርሕ ኮይኑ ድሕነትን ኣድማዕነትን ናይ’ቲ ሓድሽ ባይታ ንምርግጋጽ ክሳብ ልዕሊ ሓሙሽተ ዓመታት ዝጠልብ እዩ።
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
ምምዕባል መድሃኒት ናይ ሓድሽ ለበዳዊ ሕማም ክታበት ወይ ፈዋሲ መድሃኒት ብመንገዲ መስርሕ ዳህሳስ መድሃኒት ድሕሪ ምልላይ እቲ መሪሕ ባእታ ናብ ዕዳጋ ንምምጻእ ዝግበር መስርሕ እዩ።
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
እዚ ድማ ኣብ ስነ-ህዋሳውያንን እንስሳትን ዝግበር ላብራቶራዊ መጽናዕቲ፡ ከም ብምምሕዳር መግብን መድሃኒትን FDA ዝኣመሰሉ ትካላት ፍቓድ ናይ ብቕዓት ምርካብ ፡ ናይ መጽናዕቲ ዝግበረሎም ዘሎ ሓደስቲ መድሃኒታት ምጅማር ክሊኒካዊ ፈተነታት ኣብ ሰባት ከምኡ’ውን መድሃኒት ንመሸጣ ክቐርብ ዘኽእሎ መረጋገጺ ብቕዓት ሰነዳት ምርካብ ከጠቓልል ይኽእል።
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ክትባት ወይ ጸረ ቫይረስ መድሓኒት ምፍጣር ኬሚካል ኣረዳድኣ ምስ ፖሊፊላክቲክ ሜላ ምስቲ ዝፍጠር ዘሎ ክትባት ወይ ጸረ ቫይረስ መድሓኒት ኣብ ቪቮ ብምርኻብ ይጅመር።
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
ሓደስቲ ኬሚካዊ ኣካላት(ሓደሰቲ ሞለክዩላዊ ኣካላት ተባሂሎም’ውን ዝጽውዑ) ካብ መስርሕ ርኽበት መድሃኒት ተቐልቂሎም ሕጹያት ንክታበት ወይ ጸረ-ቫይረስ ዘነጽሩ ባእታታት።
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
እዚኣቶም ኣብ ኣንጻር ምስ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተተሓሓዙ ስነ-ሂወታዊ ዒላማታት ዝኾኑ ተስፋ ወሃብቲ ንጥፈታት እዮም።
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
ኣብ መጀመርታ ደረጃ ናይ ክትባት ወይድማ መድሓኒት ምዕባለ እውናት ብዛዕባ NCE ኣብ ወድሰብ ዘለዎ ውሑስነት፣መርዛምነት፣ፋርማኮካይነቲክስ ከምኡውን ሜታቦሊዝም ብዙሕ ኣይፍለጥን ነይሩ።
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
ቅድሚ ኣብ ሰብ ክሊኒካል ፈተነታት ምጅማሩ፡ ውሕስነት ከምኡ’ውን ዕዉትነት ንምርግጋጽ ነዘን ኩለን ምዕቀኒታት ምግምጋም ዕላማን ግዴታን ናይ ምዕባለ መድሃኒት እዮም።
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
ተወሳኺ ቀንዲ ዕላማ ናይ ምምዕባል መድሃኒት ንናይ መጀመርያ ናይ ሰብ ክሊኒካዊ ፈተነ(“ቀዳማይ ኣብ ውሽጢ ወድሰብ [FIH] ወይ ቀዳማይ መጠን መድሃኒት ንወድሰብ [FHD]”) ዝኸውን መጠንን መደብን ንምልባው እዩ።
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
ከም ተወሳኺ፡ ምምዕባል መድሃኒት ከም ኬሚካዊ ኣሰራርዓ፡ ዘይተለዋጥነት ከምኡ’ውን ሓቓቕነት ዝኣመሰሉ ናይ ሓድሽ ኬሚካዊ ባእታ ነገራዊ-ኬሚካዊ ባህርያት ክምስርቱ ኣለዎም ።
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
ኣፍረይቲ እቲ ኬሚካል ካብ ብሚሊግራማት መድሓኒታት ዘፍሪ ክኢላ ስነ-ቀመም ናብ ብኪሎግራማትን ብቶናትን ዝትመን ኬሚካል ምእንቲ ከፍርዩ፡ ነቲ መስርሖም ከማዕብሉዎ ኣለዎም።
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
ናይ እቲ ምህርቲ ብ ካፕሱል፣ ታብሌት፣ ኤሮሶል፣ ኢንትራማስኩላር መርፍእ፣ ሳብኪታነስ መርፍእ ወይ ኢንትራቬኖስ ፎርሙሌሽን ጌርካ ንምዕሻግ ዘለዎ ምቹውነት ይምርመር።
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
ብሓባር እዞም ከይድታት ኣብ ፕሪክሊኒካልን ክሊኒካል ምዕባለን ከም ኬሚስትሪ፣መምረትን ቁፅፅርን (CMC) ተባሂሎም ይፍለጡ። ብብዝሒ ናይ መድሕሓኒት ምዕባለ ኣብ ናይ መድሓኒት ፍቓድ ዓደልቲ ናይ መቆፃፀሪ መለክዕታት ምምላእ ኣትኲሮም ይሰርሑ ኣለዉ።