atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
ብተዛማዲ፡ ናይ ሞት መጠን ናይ SARS ኣብ ሕዳር 2002፡ 10% ካብ 8,096 ልኹፋት ኔሩ።
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
ን MERS፡ ኣብቲ ደሞግራፊክ መጽናዕቲ ናይ 2102 ብምሙርካስ፡ እቲ ናይ ሞት መጠን 37% ናይቶም 2,494 ልኹፋት ኔሩ።
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
ኣቐድሙ እተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ከም ዘመልክቶ: R0 ናይ SARS-COV-2 ክሳብ 6.47 ን 95% ኮንፊደንስ ኢንተርቫል (CI) 5.71-7.23 ክኸውን እንከሎ R0 ናይ SARS-CoV መጠኑ ካብ 2 ክሳብ 4 እዩ።
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
ምምንጽጻር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ምስ MERS-CoV ን SARA-CoV ፡ ከምኡውን R0 : ምልክታቶምን: ምጣነ-ሞቶምን፡ ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው፡ ኣብ ሰሌዳ 1.1 ተቐሚጡ ኣሎ።
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
እዞም ኣብ ላዕሊ ዘለዉ ስእልታት ከምዝሕብርዎ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ MERS-CoV ን SARS-CoV ን፡ ዝለዓለ ተኽእሎ ናይ ምስፍሕፋሕ ኣለዎ፡ እንተኾነ ናይ ምቕታል ዓቅሙ ካብ ክልቲኦም ዝተሓተ ኢዩ።
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
ስለዚ፡ ምቁጽጻር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ለበዳ ካብ ምቁጽጽራ ናይ SARS-CoV ኣዝዩ ዝኸፈአን፡ ብዙሕ ብድሆታት ዘለዎን ኢዩ።
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
ኣብ ሓደ ቤተሰብ ወይ ኣብ ሓደ ዓይነት ምትእኽኻባት ወይ ናይ ምዝንጋዕ መራኽብ ጅምላዊ መጥቃዕቲ የጋጥም እዩ።
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
ሕሙማት ዝበዝሐ ኣዋን ናይ ጒዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘለዎም ወይ ኣብ ቅድሚ ምጅማር እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ዉሃን ወይ ካልኦት በዚ ቫይረስ እተጠቕዓ ከባቢታት ዝተንቀሳቐሱ እዮም።
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
ይኹን ምበር ሰባት ዝኾነ ምልክታት እቲ ሕማም ከየርኣዩ ንልዕሊ ክልተ ሳምንቲ ነዚ ሕማም ክስከምዎ ከም ዝኽእሉን: እቶም ሓውዮም ካብ ሆስፒታል ዝፋነዉ ሰባት ነቲ ቫይረስ ንደገ ሒዞሞ ክወጹ ስለዝኽእሉ ናይ ውሸባ ግዜ ንምውሳኽ ተወሳኺ መጠንቀቕታ ዝህብ እዩ።
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
ሕሙማት ኣብ ፈለማ ደረጃ እቲ ሕማም ንቡር ወይ ጎደሎ ቁጽሪ ጸዓዱ ዋህዮታት ደም ብፍላይ ድማ lymphocytes ይህልዎም።
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
ከም ኣብነት፡ ሊምፎቢንያ (lymphopenia) ወይ ዋሕዲ ናይ ዋህዮታት ደም ቁጽሪ፡ &lt; 4×109/L፡ ን ሊምፋቲክ ቁጽሪ ዘጠቃለለ &lt; 1×109/L፡ ከምኡ`ውን ልዕል ኣስፓርትረይት ኣሚኖትራንስፈረስ (aspartate aminotransferase)ን ቨርሚያ (viremia)ን ኣብቶም 1,099 ተሓከምቲ ኮቪድ-19 ተረኺቡ።
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
ኣብዞም ዝተጠቕሱ ሕሙማት መጠን አንዛይማት ጭዋዳን myglobin ምውሳኹን C-reactive ከምኡውን ተነጻፍነት ቀያሕቲ ዋህዮታት ደም ኣብ ዝበዝሑ ሕሙማት ምውሳኹን ድማ ተራእዩ።
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
ኣብቶም ብዙሕ ጸገማ ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ፡ ዓቀን ናይቲ D-dimer (ውጽ ኢት ናይ ፋይብሪን (fibrin) ድርቅምቃም) ይውስኽ፡ ቁጽሪ ናይ ላይምፎሳይት (lymphocyte) ድማ ይጎድል።
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
ኣብ ናይ ደረት ራድዮግርፊ ዝህሉ ዘይንቡር ኲነታት ኣብ ዝበዝሑ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ዝርከቡ ኮይኖም ክልተኣዊ ልጥፍጣፍ ጽላሎታት ወይ ናይ ባይታ ጥርሙስ ዝመስል ጋራድነት ኣብ ሳንቡእ ይረአ።
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
ሕሙማት ዘይተለምደ ነድሪ ሳናቡእ መጒዳእቲ ሳናቡእን ሕማም ምስትንፋስ (ARDS) የማዕብሉ።
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
ARDS ኣብ ዝፍጠረሉ፡ ዘይግታእ ነድሪ፡ ምእካብ ፈሳሲ፡ ከምኡውን ቀጻሊ ጸሓጎት ብምፍጣር ነቲ ናይ ጋዝ ምልውዋጥ ኣዝዩ ይቃወሞ።
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
ናይ type-I ን type-II ነሞሳይትስ (pneumocytes) ካብ ስራሕ ወጻኢ ሙኻን ነቲ ደረጃ ናይ ሳርፋክታንት (surfactant) የጉድሎን ከምኡ`ውን ን ውጥረት ናይ መናርቕ ይውስኾ፡ በዚ ድማ ሰናቡእ ከይንፈሓ ይኽልኽል፡ ነቲ ሓደጋ ናይ ሳናቡእ ውን ይውስኽ።
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
ስለዚ፡ እቲ ዝኸፈአ ናይ ርኽበት ናይ ኣፍልቢ ራድዮ-ግራፍ፡ ወላውን ምስቲ ዝኸፈአ ደረጃ ናይቲ ሕማም ምምስሳል ዘለዎ።
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
ኣብ 18 ለካቲቲ 2020፡ ናይ መጀመርያ መርመራ ጠንቂ ሕማም ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተገብረ ምቕላጥ ናይ ሽፋን ናይ ነሞሳይትስ (pneumocytes)፡ ሂይላይን (hyaline) ሽፋን ምስራሕን ምጽራይ ናይ ኢንተርስቲሻል ሊምፎሳይትንን (interstitial lymphocyte)፡ ከምኡ`ውን እቶም ሙልቲኒክለታይድ ሲንሲሻል (multinucleated syncytial) ዋህዮታት ናይቶም ብሰንኪ እቲ ቫይረስ ዝሞቱ ተሓከምቲ ምስቶም ናይ SARS ን MERS ተሓከምቲ ተመሳሳሊ ፓተሎጂን (ሰበብ-ሕማም) ናይ ቫይረሳዊ ምትሕልፍን ARDS፡ ኣለዎም።
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
እቲ ምልላይ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 RNA ብ ኣንጻር-ትራንስችሪፓተአይስ ፖሊመረይስ ቻይን ረኣክሽን (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)) ን ምፍዋስ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ከም ቀንዲ መምዘኒ ተወሲዱ።
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
ይኹንምበር ብስንኪ ልዑል ናይ ሓሶት ኣሉታዊ ኣሃዛትን እዚ ከስዕቦ ዝኽእልን ምግዳድ ለበዳ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ቻይና ኣብ ለካቲት 13, 2020 ኣብ RT-PCR ጥራይ ዘይምርኮስ ክሊኒካዊ ግልጸታት ኣብ ጠቕሚ ክውዕሉ ተጌሮም።
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
ምስ ምምርማር ናይ SARS ውን ሓደ ዓይነት ኩነታት ተፈጢሩ።
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
ስለዚ ጥሙር ሓበሬታ ታሪኽ ሕማም፥ ክሊኒካዊ ግልጸት እቲ ሕማም፡ መርመራ ላቦራቶሪን ሬድዮሎጂን ኣድላዪ መርመራ ንምግባር ኣገደስቲ እዮም።
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
ለካቲት 14 2020 ጒጅለ FengZhang ምስ CRISPR ዝመደብሩ ተክኒክ SHERLOCK ሕማም SARS-CoV-2 ንምድህሳስ ፕሮቶኮል ምእታዉን: እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ድማ ሲንተቲክ SARS-CoV-2 ቁርጽራጻት RNA ብመጠን 20 x10-18 mol/L ከሳብ 200x10-18 mol/L (10-100 ኮፒታት ኣብ ማይክሮሊተር እታው) ጥምዙሕ መሳርሒ ከይተጠቀምካ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰዓት ድፕስቲክ እናተጠቐምካ ዝካየድ ኣገባብ እዩ።
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
ብተስፋ፡ እዚ ሓዲሽ መንገዲ ነዚ ውጽኢታውነት ክውስኸሉ ንጽበ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ክሊኒክ እንተተረጋጊጹ ኢዩ።
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
ብሰምኪ ሕጽረት ናይ ተመክሮ ምስ ኖቨል CoV፡ ፊዚሽያናት ውን ን ተሓከምቲ ኮቪድ-19 ዘድሊ ሕክምናን ክንክንን ክገብሩሎም ይኽእሉ ኢዮም፡ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ዝተፈላለዩ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ን ኮልኦት CoVs ከም SARS-CoVን ከምኡውን MERS-CoVን ካልኦት ዝኣመሰሉ ዝወሃብ ዝነበረ ተራፒታት/መድሃኒታት ብምፍታን ኢዩ ዝግበር (ሰንጠረጅ ​((ሰንጠረጅ2).2)።
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
እዞም ናይ ሕክምና ኣገልግሎታት፡ ህሉውን ጽፉፍን ኣገባብ ናይ ሕኽምና ምስ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒታት፡ ኢምሚኖሱፕረሳንት (immunosuppressants)፡ ስተሮይድ (steroids)፡ ፕላስማ ካብ ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማት፡ ቻይናዊ መዳኒት ከምኡ`ውን ሳይኮሎጂካዊ (psychological) ደገፍ ይሓትት።
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
ወላ`ውን እቲ ፕላስማ ካብ ዝሓወዩ ሰባት ን ክንክን/መድሃኒት ክጠቅም ከም ዝኽእል ይንገር።
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
እተን ናይ መድሃኒት ዘፍርያ ትካላት (Pharmaceutical companies) ነቲ ኣንጻር ቫይረስ ዝኾነ ጸረ-ነፍሳትን ክታበታትን ከፍርያ ይቃለሳን ይወዳደራን ኣለዋ።
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 ብቀዳምነት ን ሳንቡእ የጥቅዕ፡ ነተን ካልኦት ህዋሳት ድማ፡ ACE2 ዝኽዝኑ ከም ከስዐ-መዓናጡ (gastrointestinal)ን ኩሊትን፡ ብዉሑድ ዓቀን ይጎድእ።
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
እንተኾነ ግን፡ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ካብ ስራሕ ወጻኢ ሙኻን ወይ ስራሕ ምቁራጽ፡ ቀንዲ ጠንቒ ሓደጋ ን ሕሙም ኮይኑ ክሳብ ሞት ድማ ከብጽሖ ይኽእል።
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
ስለዚ፣ ደገፍ ኣብ ምስትንፋስ ነቲ ምልክታት ኣብ ምዕጋዝን ብ ሂወት ኣብ ምቕጻልን ዝዓበየ ተራ ኢዩ ዝጻወት፡ እዚ ድማ ሓፈሻዊ ኦክሲጅናዊ ክንክን፡ ልዑል መጠን ናይ ኦክሲጅን፡ ዘይተጋዳኢ ቨንቲሌሽን ዘጠቃለለ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብቲ ደረጃ ናይቲ ሕማም ብምሙርካስ ድማ ይወሃብ ።
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
እቶም ብርቱዕ ናይ ሕማም ምልክታት ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ፡ በቲ አክስትራሰርፖራል መምብረይን ኦክሲጊኔሽን (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)) ክድገፍ ኣለዎ፡ ዝተመዓራረየ ካርድዮፓልሞናሪ ናይ ምሕላፍ መንገዲ፡ እዚ ድማ ከቢድ ናይ ልቢ ወይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገም ኣብ ዘጋጥመና ይድግፈና።
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
ብተወሳኺ ምዕቃብ ሚዛን ኤለትሮላይት ምክልኻልን ክንክንን ካልኣይ ደረጃ ተላጋብን ወቕዒ Septic ከምኡውን ምክልኻል ስራሕ ኣገደስቲ ኣካሊታት ንሕማት SARS-CoV-2 ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
እቲ ናይ ሳይቶኪን (cytokine) ማዕበል ኣብቶም ተሓከምቲ ኣብ ግዜ ካብቲ ልዑል ግብረ ናይ ምክልኻል ሲስተም ን SARS ን MERS ኢዩ ዝረአ።
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
ሳይቶኪን ስቶርም ሓደ ዓይነት ግብረመልሲ ናይ ሲስተሚክ ነድሪ ኮይኑ፡ ብ ምንዛዕ ናይዞም ሰሬስ (መስርዕ) ሲቶኪን ድማ ይግለጽ TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, ከምኡ`ውን MCP-1።
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
እዞም cytokines ናይ ምክልኻል ዋህዮታት ብምምንጫውን ናጻ ራዲካላት ብምፍናውን ARDS ከምእውን ብርክት ዝበሉ ሕማማት ኣካሊታት ዘስዕብ ።
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
እቲ ዝተዳኸመ ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ (Immunosuppression) ኣብ ክንክን ሳይቶኪን ስቶርም፡ ብፍላይ ኣብቶም ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘለዉ ተሓከምቲ።
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
ኮርቲኮስትሪዮይድ ን ቶኩሊዙማብ፡ anti-IL6 ሞኦክሎናል ጸረ-ነፍሲ፡ ነቲ ናይ ሳይቶኪን ሽግራት ክፈትሕ ይኽእል።
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
ካልኦት ናይ ኢሚኖሳፕረሽን (immunosuppression) ምክንካናት ን ማዕበል ሲኮታይን (cytokine)፡ ምምዕርራይ ናይ T cell-directed ናይ ምጽዋር ዓቅሚ ግብረ-መልሲ፡ ብላከይድ (blockade) ናይ (IFN-γ)፡ , IL-1, ከምኡውን TNF; ምኽልካል JAK ፡ ብሊናቱሞማብ (blinatumomab)፡ ምጽቃጥ ናይ ሲኮታይን (cytokine) ምልክታት 4፡ ከምኡውን HDAC ተኸላከልቲ።
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
ስተሮይድስ (Steroids) ከም ኢሚኖሳፕረሽን (immunosuppression)፡ ንምክንካን SARS ብብዝሒ ይስረሓሎም ኔሩ፡ በዚ ድማ ብሰንኪ ነድሪ ንዝመጽእ ጠንቂ የጉድል።
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
እንተኾነ፡ እንተኾነ ልዕል ዓቀን ናይ ስተሮይድ ነቶም ናይ ሳንቡእ ጉድኣታት ኣብ SARS ን ኮቪድ-19 ተለከፍቲ፡ ጠቃሚ ኣይነበረን።
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
ኣብ ክንድኡ ግን፡ ብዙሕ ጎድናዊ ሽግራት ክፈጥሩ ይኽእሉ ኢዮ፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣቫስኩላር ኦስተንክሮሲስ (avascular osteonecrosis)፡ነቲ ክንክን/ሕክማዊ ደገፍ ኣዝዩ ዝጸልዎ ኢዩ።
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
እንተኾነ፡ እቶም ተሓከምቲ ናይ ኮቪድ-19፡ ነቶም ሓጸርቲ ኮርሳት ናይ ኮርቲኮስትሮይድስ (corticosteroids)፡ ካብ ታሕቲ ናብ ላዕሊ ብዓቀንን ጥበብን ክንጥቀመሉ ይመከር።
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
ኣብዚ ንጽሕፈሉ ዘለና እዋን፡ ዝኾነ ዝተረጋገጸ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒት ኣይተረኽበን።
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
እንተኾነ፡ ናይ ረመደሲቪር (remdesivir) ምሕደራዊ ምትእትታው ኒክለታይድ ኣናሎግ (nucleotide analog)፡ ኣብ ሓደ ኣሜሪካዊ ተሓካሚ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ውጽኢታዊ ኮይኑ ተረኪቡ።
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
ረምደሲቨር (Remdesivir) ኖቨል ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒት ኮይኑ፡ መጀመያ ብ ጊልያድ ፡ ን ምፍዋስ ሕማማት ኢቦላ (Ebola)ን ሙልበርግ (Marlburg) ቫይረስን ተባሂሉ፡ ዝማዕበለ ኮይኑ፡፡
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
ድሂሩ፡ ረምደሺቨር (remdesivir) ካልእ ሓጹር ክህሉ ከም ዝኽእል ኣሚቱ፡ እዚ ድማ ናይቲ ንጽል ስትራንድ ዝሓዘ ቫይረስ ን MERS ን SARS ቫይረስት ዘጠቃለል ኢዩ.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
ብመሰረት እዚ: Gilead ንቻይና ጸምዲ ፈተነታት SARS-CoV-2- ከተካይደሉ ብምባል ነቲ ቀጽሪ ከም ዝገደፈትላን ብዙሕ ውጽኢታዊ ክኸውን ተስፋ እተገብረሉን ምዃኑ እዩ።
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
ብተወሳኺ ጽኑዕ ሽግር ምስትንፋስ ንዘለዎም ሰባት barictinb, interferon-, lopinovir/ritonavir ክምኡውን ribavirin ከም ተወሰኽቲ ሕክምናታት ተመልኪቶም ኣለዉ።
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
ውጽ ኣት፡ ናኡስያ (nausea)፡ ተምላስ፡ መጉዳእቲ ጸላም ከብዲ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ካልኦት ከበድቲ ግብረመልሲስታት ድሕሪ እቲ ናይ ሎፒናቪር/ሪቶናቪር (lopinavir/ritonavir) መድሃኒት፡ ክቅልቀሉ ይኽእሉ።
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
ናይዞም ሕክምናታትን ካልኦት መድሃኒታትን ምውህሃድ ኣብ ሕሙማት ብጥንቃቐ ክድህሰስ ዘለዎ እዩ።
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
ፕላስማ ካብ ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማትን ከምኡ`ውን ምስራሕ ናይ ጸረ-ነፍሲ።
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
ካብ ለበዳ ሕማም ናይ ዝደሓኑ ሰባት እኩብ ደም ብምጥቃም ብተመሳሳሊ ሕማም ንዝተጠቕዑ ሕሙማት ንምርዳእ ምፍታን ነዊሕ ታሪኽ ዘለዎ ኣገባብ ሕክምና እዩ።
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
ብልክዕ፡ እቶም ዝሓወዩ ተሓከምቲ ዝለዓለ መጠን ናይ ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኣንጻር ናይቶም ሰበብ-ሕማማት ኣብ ደም ኣለዎም።
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኢሚኖግሎቢን (immunoglobulin) ኮይኖም (lg) በቶም B ሊምፎቻይትስ ኢዮም ዝምስርሑ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ጠንቂ ሕማማት (pathogens) ካልኦት ብደገ ዝመጹ ነገራትን ምቍዋም ኢዩ ስርሑ፡ ኣብቶም ሰበብ/ጠንቂ ሕማም ዘለዉ ሞለኩልስ የለልይዎምን የጥፍእዎምን ድማ።
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
ኣብዚ ብምሙርካስ፡ ፕላስማ ካብቲ ደም ናይቲ ጉጅለ ናይ ተሓከምቲ (ካብዚ ኮቪድ-19 ዝሓወዩን ኣብቲ ናይ ጽኑዕ ክንክን ን 10 መዓልታት ዝጸንሑን) ተኣኪቡ።
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
እቲ ምልክታቶም ኣብ ውሽጢ 24 ሰዓታት ተመሓይሹ፡ እዚ ድማ በቲ ዝጎደለ ነድሪን ቫይረሳዊ ጽዕነትን ከምኡውን ናይ ኦክሲጅን ቅጸት/ምምላእ የጠቃልል።
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
ይኹንምበር ቅድሚ ነዚ ዝኸውን ፍሉይ ሕክምና ምምዕባሉ ገዚፍ ዝዓቐኑ ምጥቃም ብኸምይ ኣገባብ ይኹን ንዝብል ምጥላልን ምርግጋጽን ምክያድ ኣዝዮም ኣገደስቲ እዮም።
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
ብተወሳኺ ውጽኢታት ኣካላዊ ጥዕና ኣብ ቦትኡ እናሃለወ ምስ ፕላዝማ እተተሓሓዙ ገለ ጉድኣታት ብጥንቃቐ ክረኣዩ ዝግብኦም እዮም።
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
ከም ኣብነት ጸረ ነፍሳትናቲ ናይ ምክልኻል ሲስተም ልዕሊ ዓቀን ከበራብርዎ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም፡ በዚ ድማ እቲ ሳይቲኪን ነቲ ሲንድሮም ይነስዖ/ይተፍኦ፡ እዚ ድማ ክሳብ ሞት ዘብጽሕ ምስማም ኢዩ።
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
እቲ ዝርግሐ ናይ ጸረ-ነፍሲ ኣብ ደምና ኣዝዩ ውሑድ ኢዩ፡ እቲ ድሌት ናይ ፕላስማ ድማ መጠኑ ብዙሕ ኢዩ፡ ነቲ ሕማም ከሕውዮ።
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
ፍሉያት ጸረ-ነፍሳት፡ ነዚ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ ለበዳ ክጻረርዎ ዝኽእሉ፡ ከተፍሪን ከተማዕበልን ኣዝዩ ከቢድ ኢዩ።
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
ስለዚ፡ ነቶም B ዋህዮታት ካብ ዝሓወየ ሕሙም ክትፈልዮም ዝቐለለን ተግባራዊን ኢዩ፡ በዚ ድማ ነቲ ጀነቲካዊ ኮዳት ናይቶም ውጽኢታውያን ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኮድ መግበሪ፡ ወይ መከላኸሊ ን ኣንጻር ውጽኢታውያን ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኣንጻር ኣገደስቲ ፕሮቲናትን ፡ከተለልዮም ይኸእል።
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
በዚ ኣገባብ ዓቐን መፍረ ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኣካላትና ክንልክዕ ንኽእል ኢና።
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
TCM፡ ኣብ ቻይና ን ብዙሕ ዝዓይነቶም ሕማማት ንምሕካም ንኣሽሓት ዓመታት ዝሰርሐ ኢዩ።
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
ይኹንምብር ጽልዋታቱ ኣብ ብዙሕ ረቛሒታት እተመርኮሰ ኮይኑ ብመሰረት ክልሰሓሳባት TCM ኣብ መርመራ እቲ ሕማም ዝምርኮስ እዩ።
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
ዝበዝሑ ውጽኢታዊ ክፋል ክሳብ ሕጂ ከም ዘይተፈልጡ ወይ ብሃሳስ ጥራይ እዮም ዝልለዩ፡ ምኽንይቱ ከምዚኦም ዝበሉ ክፋላትን ናይ መወዳእታ ዕቤቶምን ምጥላልን ፈሊኻ ምውጻእን ከቢድ እዩ።
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
ኣብዚ እዋን ን COVID-19 ዝኸውን ፍቱንን ውጽኢታውን ሕክምና ስለዘየለ ምልክታት ሕሙማት ንምሕዋይ TCM ሓደ ካብቶም ዓበይቲ ቅያር ሕክምና ኮይኑ’ሎ።
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
ከም ኣብነት፡ ናይ ሹ ፈንግ ጀይ ዱ (Shu Feng Jie Du) መድሃኒት ከምኡ`ውን ናይ ሊያን ሁዋ ኪንግ ወን (Lian Hua Qing Wen) መድሃኒታት፡ ን ክንክን/ምፍዋስ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ውጽኢታዊ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ።
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
ኣብ ብርክት ዝበላ TCM ዝጥቀማ ኣውራጃታት ቻይና እንተላይ Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%) ክምኡውን Hunan (50%) ልዑል መጠን ምሕዋይ COVID-19 ማለት 87% ካብ ሕሙማት ምሕዋዮም፡ ኣብ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ኣስታት 30% TCM ጥራይ ኣኣብ ዝተጠቕማ ኣውራጃታት Hubei እቲ መጠን ምሕዋይ ዝወሓደ (ማለት--13% ጥራይ ) እዩ።
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
እንተኾነ፡ ብከምዚ ምውድዳር ከቢድ ኢዩ፡ ምኽንያቱ ካልኦት ረቃሒታት ከም ቁጽርን ሓደገኝነትን ናይ ሕሙም ኣብቲ ጸብጻብ ክኣቱ ኣለዎ።
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
ለካቲት 18, 2020, Boli Zhang ሰራሕተኛቱን ኣብ ዘውጽእዎ መጽናዕታዊ ጽሑፍ ምዕራባዊ መድሃኒት ንበይኑ ምስ ውሁድ ሕክምና TCMን ምዕራባዊ ሕክምናን ኣወዳዲሮም።
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
እቲ ነቲ ኣካላት ናይ ሕሙም/ተሓካሚ ናብ ንቡር ደረጃ ናይ ሙቀት ክምለስ ፡ ምልክታት ክጠፍእ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ሕክምና ክውድእ ዝወስደሉ ግዜ፡ ኣብቶ ናይ WM+TCM ጉጅለ ካብቶም ናይ WM ዝሓጸረ ኢዩ።
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
ኣዝዩ ኣገራሚ፡ እቲ መጠን ምውሳኽ ናይቲ ምልካፍ ብዘይ ምልክታት (symptomatic) ኣዝዩ ገዲዱ (ካብ ፈኪስ ናብ ሓደገኛ)፡ ኣብ WM+TCM ጉጅለታት ምስቶም ናይ WM ጉጅለታት ብምንጽጻር (7.4% ኣንጻር 46.2%) ፡ ብጉሉሕ ትሑት ሓደገኝነት ኣለዎ፡ እቲ ናይ ሞት ሓደጋ ድማ ኣብቶም WM+TCM ጉጅለታት ምሶም ናይ WM ጉጅለታት ብምንጽጻር ዝተሓተ ኢዩ (8.8% ኣንጻር 39%)።
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ውጽኢትን ውሕስነትን ናይ TCM፡ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ደረጃታትን ማእከላትን ፡ ግቡእ-ቁጽጽር ዘለዎም ፈተነታት ክግበሩ ትጽቢት ይገብር።
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
ነቲ ኣሰራርሓ ናይ ምንቅስቃሳትን ምንዳፍን፡ ከምኡ`ውን እቶም ውጽ ኢታውያን ዝኾነ ኣካላት ናይ TCM ሕክምናን ናታቶም ሕውስዋስን ምንጻርን፡ ኣዝዩ ኣሸጋሪን ሕልኽላኽን መስርሕ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
እቶም ምስቶም ብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተለኽፉ ወይ ዝተጠርጠሩ ሰባት ዘለዉ ሕሙማት/ተሓከምቲ ብሰንኪ ሓያል ናይ ምልባዕ ብቅዓት ናይዚ ቫይረስ ከቢድ ፍርሒ ኢዩ ዝስመዕም፡ እቶም ዝተወሸቡ ሰባት ድማ ኣዝዩ ይስልችዎም፡ ጽምዋ ይስምዕም፡ ከምኡ`ውን ይሓርቁ።
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
ብተወሳኺ፡ ምልክታት ናይቲ መልከፍቲ ከም ረስኒ፡ ሂፖክስያን ሰዓልን፡ ከምኡ`ውን ሕማቕ ጽልዋታት ናይ ምክንኻን ሕክምና ከም ኢንሶምያ (insomnia)፡ ብ ኮርቲኮስትሪዮይድ (corticosteroids) ዝመሓላለፍ ናይ ጭንቀትን ሕማም ኣእምሮን ከምርሕ ይኽእል።
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
ኣብ ናይ ፈለማ ገጽ ምልዓል ሕማም ሳርስ ብዙሓት ከምኒ ጭንቀት፥ ተርባጽ፥ ምርባሽን ሳይኮሞቶር ምጭናቕን ሕማም ኣእምሮን ሃተፍተፍ ምባል እንተላይ ነፍሰ ቕትለት ዝኣመሰሉ ስነኣእምሮኣዊ ሕማማት ከም እተራእዩ ተጸብጺቡ።
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
ከም ኣካል ናይቲ ን ለበዳ COVID-19 ዝወሃብ ዘሎ ግብረመልስ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ግድነታዊ እለሻ ምትንኻፋትን ውሸባን ሰባት ብምትንኻፍ ውሸባን ምንጻልን ዝመጽእ ዘየድሊ ስምዒታት ከስዕበሎም ይኽእል እዩ።
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
ስለዚ፡ ነቶን ተሓከምትቲ ኮቪድ-19፡ ነቶም ጥርጡራትን ምስ ልኩፋት ዝኾነ ርክብ ዝነበሮምን ወላውን ነዚ ክንክን ዘድልዩ ሓፋሽ፡ ኣእሙረኣዊ ናይ ጥዕናዊ ክንክን ክወሃብ ኣለዎ።
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
እቲ ሳይኮሎጂካል (psychological) ደገፍ ፡ ናይ ኣእምሮ ደገፍ ዝህቡ ናይ ክኢላታት ጉጅለ ምፍጣር፡ ነጻ ርክባት ምስ ስሩዕን ቁኑዕን ሓበሬታታት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ምስፍሕፋሕን ናይ ምፍዋስ መደባትን ከምኡውን ተጠቃምነት ናይ ሞያዊ ኤለክትሮኒካዊ መሳርሒን ኣፕሊኬሽናትን (ነቲ ምቅርራባት ኣብ መንጎና ዘሎ ንምውጋድ) ዘጠቃለለ ክኸውን ኣለዎ።
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
ውጽኢታውያን ክታበታት ነቲ መንገዲ ምትእስሳር ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ፡ ካብ እንስሳ (መዕቆርቲ) ወይ ልኹፍ ሰብ ናብቶም ጥርጡራት ኣኣንገድቲ ናብ ንምስቱርጋም/ንምግማት ኣዝዮም ኢዮም ጠቀምቲ፡ ከምኡውን ነቲ ጸረ-ቫይረስ መድሃኒታት (በቶም ሓደሽቲ ቫይረስ ዝፍተሩ ነቲ ለበዳ መቆጻጸሪ)፡ ኣዝዮም ኢዮምጠቀምቲ።
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
ነቲ ኣብ S ፕሮቲን ዝተመርኮሰ ክታበት ንምምዕባል ጻዕርታት ይግበር ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ጸረ-ነፍሳት ንምጥፋእ ዘኽእል ነዊሕ ዓመታት ዝቕጽል ዕቁር ዓቅሚ ዘለዎን ኣንጻር SARS-CoV ድማ ክከላኸል ዘኽእል ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ክፈጥር ዘኽእልን ኢዩ።
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
ዝተቓጠኑ ክትባታት ኣብ እንስሳታት ሞዴላት ሳርስ ተፈቲኖም ኣለዉ።
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
ይኹንምበር ኣብቶም ሕጹያት ሽማግለታትን lethal challenge models ከምኡውን መጠን ምክልኻል ለበዳ zoonotic ቫይረስን ቅድሚ ክሊኒካዊ መጽናዕቲ ምጽፋፉ ክጣለል ዝግብኦ እዩ።
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
እዚ ድም ምናልባት SARS ቅድሚ 17 ዓመት ብሙማቱን ብድሕሪ ኡ ድማ ዝኾነ ሓዲሽ ግዳይ ብዘይ ምርካቡን ኢዩ ክኸውን ዝኽእል።
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
ብንጽጽር: ዘይስሩዕ ኩነታት ከምኡ’ውን ክላስተራት MERS ኣብ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ክኽሰትን ብምኽንያት ኣብዞም ቦታታት ዘሎ ሱር ዝሰደደ ህላወ zoonotic (ካብ እንስሳ ዝብገስ ሕማማ) ናብ ካልኦት ዞባታት ክላባዕን እዩ።
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
እቲ ናይ ክታበት መደባት፡ ካብ MERS ብዘይ ንጡፍ ቫይረስ፡ DNA ፕላስሚድስ፡ ቫይራል ቨክቶር፡ ናኖፓርቲክለ፡ ቫይረስ መሰል ነገራት ከምኡ`ውን ሓውሲ ፕሮቲናትን ከምኡ`ውን ኣብ እንስሳ ብምፍታን ኢዩ ማዕቢሉ፡፡
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
እቲ ምዕባለ ናይ ውሑስን ውጽኢታውን ክታበት SARS-CoV-2፡ ነቶም ናይ ምጽዋር ዓቅሚ ዘይብሎምን ነቲ ዘስፋሕፍሕ ዘሎ ለበዳን፡ ህጹጽን ኣስጋእን ኢዩ።
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
ይኹንምበር ብምኽንያት ንውሓት ግዜ (ብማእከላይ ገምጋም 18 ኣዋርሕ) ምቅይያራት እቲ ቫይረስን ክትባት ንምድላው ዘድሊ ግዜን እቲ ብድሆ ብቐሊል ዝሰዓር እይኮነን።
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
ከም ሓድሽ ሕማም መጠን COVID-19 ምሉእ ሕክምናዊ ኣንፈቱ ኣብ ኣሽሓት ሕሙማት ከግህድ ጀሚሩ ኣሎ።
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
ኣብ ዝበዝሑ ሕማማት ሕሙማት ቀስ እናበሉ ብዘይ sequelae ክሓውዩ ይጅምሩ።
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
እንተኾነ ምስ SARS ን MERS ብዝመሳሰል፡ ኮቪድ-19 ነቶም ኣዝዮም ዝተጎድ ኡ ሕሙማት ቀሊፉ ናይ ምቅታል ባህራት ኣለዎ።
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
ስለዚ፡ እቲ ናይ ፕሮግኖሲስ/ትንቢት ንድፊ ናይ ሕማም ምስራሕ፡ ነቶም ተከናከንቲ ጥዕና ነቲ ኣገልግሎቶም ቀዳምነት ንምሃብ (ብፍላይ ኣብቲ ቀረባት ዘይብሉ ቦታ) ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ኢዩ።
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
ብመሰረት ዛጊት ጸብጻብ እተኻየደሎም ክሊኒካዊ መጽናዕቲታት እዞም ዝስዕቡ ረቛሒታት ንቅድመ ግምገማ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ከጸልዉ ይኽእሉ እዮም (ሰሌዳ 33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
ዕድመ፡ ዕድመ ነቲ ናይ SARS ትንቢት ምስፍሕፋሕ ካብቶም ኣዝዩ ኣገደስቲ ረቃሒታት ኔሩ፡ ኣብ ኮቪድ-19 ውን ከምኡ።
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ክሊ ዕድመ 30-65 ዝበዝሐ መልከፍቲ የስዕብ፡ ካብዞም ዝተጠቅሱ ክሊ ዕድመ ድማ እቶ 47.7% ካብ 50 ንላዕሊ ኢዩ ዕድሚኦም፡ እዚ ኣብ 8,866 ልሕፋት ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ኢዩ።
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
ጽዑቕ ክንክን ዝጠልቡን ተጓደንቲ ሕማምት ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ ብዕድመ ካብቶም ዘይብሎም ዕብይ ዝበሉ ምዃኖም (ብገምጋም 66 ምስ 51) ዕድመ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ከፋል ገምጋም ተሓከምቲ COVID-19 ምኻኑ ዘመልክት እዩ።
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
ጾታ፡ ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ እተጠቕሰ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ ደቀንስትዮ ዝያዳ ደቂ ተባዕትዮ ተላቢዑ ዝርከብ ሕማም እዩ (0.31/100000 ምስ 0.27/100000 ኣወዳድር)።
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
ጎድናዊ ሕምማትን ምትሕልላኻትን፥ ብሰንኪ COVID-19 ዝሳቐዩን ኣብ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ዝርከቡን ሕምማት ብመጒዳእቲ ልቢን ኣሪትሚያን ይሳቐዩ እዮም።
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
ናይ ልቢ ሕማማት ውን ቀንጢ ጠንቂ ሞት ናይ SARS ተሓከምቲ ኢዩ ኔሩ።
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ACE2-ኣወንታዊ ቾላንጊሳይትስ (cholangiocytes) ክጥመር ከም ዝኽእል ተሓቢሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ናይቶም ተሓከምቲ ኮቪድ-19 ጸላም ከብዲ ካብ ስራሕ ወጻኢ ክገብር ይኽእል።
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
ዕድመን፡ ሕዱር ሕማማትን ነንሓድሕዶም ዝተኣሳሰሩን ክልቲኦም ድማ ዝጸላለዉን ኢዮም።
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
ዘይንቡራት ተረኽቦታት ላቦራቶሪ፥ ኣብ ደም ዝህሉ መጠን C-reactive protein (CRP) ኣብ ቲሹ ዘሎ ጉድኣትን ረኽሲን ግብረመልሲ ሕክምና ናይ ምሕዋይ ምልክት ወይ ናይ መርመራ ረቋሑ ውጽኢት ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
ዝምድና መጠን CRP ምስ ጽኑዕነትን ኣፈናዊ ገምጋምን COVID-19ንእማመ ቀሪቡ ኔሩ እዩ።
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
ብዘይካዚ elevated hydrogenase (LDH) aspartate minotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) creatine kinase (CK) እቲ ዝድለ ውጽኢት ክርከበሎም ይኽእል እዩ።
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
እዞም ኢንዛይማት ኣብ ብዙሓት ህዋሳት ብዝተፈላለይ መልክዕ ኢዩ ዝቀርቡ፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ልቢን ጸላም-ከብድን፡ ቲሹ (እኩብ ዋህዮ) ክጉዳእ እንከሎ ደም ናይ ምንዛዕ ባህሪ ኣለዎም።
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
ስለዚ፡ ልቢ ወይ ጸላም-ከብዲ ካብ ስራሕ ወጻኢ ኣብ ዝኾናሉ እዚኦም ባህላውያን ኣመልካቲ ኢዮም።
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
ዓበይቲ ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት፡ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ራድዮ-ግራፊ ከምኡ`ውን ግዝያዊ ምቕጻል ናይ ክሊኒካዊ ምልክታት ምስቶም ካልኦት ጸገማት ኣብ ግምት ኣእቲካ ነቲ ግምት ናይ ውጽኢትን ምትሕልላኽ ናይ ኮቪድ-19ን።
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
ኣጠቓቕማ ስትሮይድስ፥ ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ኣተጠቕሰ ስተሮይድስ ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ባህርያዊ ትዕድልትና ዝዕንቅፉን ብተለምዶ ንሕማማት ተላገብን ብነድሪ ዝስዕብ ዕንወትን ንምንካይ ከም ተወሳኺ ሕክምና ኮይኑ ዘገልግል እዩ።
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
ሕማም SARS ዝጸንዖም ብዝሕ ዝበለ መጠን መድሃኒት cortcosteroids ብምውሳዶም ካብቶም ዝሓወዩ ብርክት ዝበሉ ንነባሪ ስንክልናን ሕማቕ ህይወትን ተቃሊዖም እዮም።
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
ስለዚ እንተደኣ ዘገድስ ኮይኑ እቶም ኣስተሮኢድ፡ ኣብቶም ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ብ ትሑት ዓቀን ኣብ ጥቕሚ ክውዕሉ ኣለዎም፡፡
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
ናይ ኣእምሮ ጸቕጢ ፡ ከምዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተጠቅሰ፡ ኣብቲ ግዜ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ብዙሓት ካብ ልኹፋት ተሓከምቲ ናይዚ ቫይረስ፡ ኣዝዩ ከቢድ ጭንቀት ከም ዝሓለፉን፡ እዚ ድማ ብሰንኪ እቲ ዘይተወሰነ ግዚያት ናይ ውሸባን፡ ምርኣይ ሞት ናይ ቀረባ ቤተ-ሰብን ካልኦት ተሓከምቲን ፡ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
ነቶም ተሓከምቲ ናይዚ ቫይረስ፡ ሳይኮሎጂቻልን ነዊሕ ዝጠመተ ደገፋትን ብምግባር ካብ ጭንቀት ከነገላግሎምን ናብ ንበር ሂወቶም ክንመልሶም ንኽእልን።
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
ብመሰረት ዲሞግራፊክ መጽናዕትታት፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ፡ ኮቪድ-19 ምስ SARS ብምንጽጻር ዝተፈልየ መልክዕ ናይ ለበዳ (ኢፒዶሞሎጂ) የርኢ ኣሎ።
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
ከም ተወሳኺ ናይ ምብዛሕ መስርሕ ኣብ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሻምብቆ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ብብዝሒ ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ሻምብቆ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ይባዛሕ፡ ኣብ መጀመርያ ደረጃ ናይ ሕማም ድማ ውሑድ ወይ ትሑት ምልክታት ይገብር፡ ምስቶም ካልኦት CoVs፡ ሰዓል ምልክት ዝገብሩ ተመሳሳሊ ኢዩ።
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
ስለዚ ኣብ ናይ መጀመርያ ደረጃ ወይ ኣብ ምንቃሕ ዘለዉ ልኩፋት ሰባት፡ ኣብ መዓልታዊ ሂወቶም ብ ኣሽሓት ዝቕጸሩ ቫይረስ ከፍርዩ ይኽእሉ፡ ነቲ ናይ ምቁጽጻር መስርሕ ናይ ለበዳ ድማ ዓቢ መሰናኽል ክፈጥሩሉ ይኽእሉ።
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
እንተኾነ እቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ SARS-CoV፡ እቶም ተሓከምቲ ኣዝዮም ምስ ሓመሙ ኢዩ ተራእዩ፡ ወላካ ዝበዝሑ ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት ኣብ ናይ መጀመርያ ደረጃ እንከለዉ ዝኾነ ምልክትት ኣይግበሩ።
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
እዚ ኩሉ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ካብቲ SARS ኣዝዩ መስፋሕፍሒን፡ ንክትቆጻጸሮ ድማ ኣዝዩ ኣሸጋርን ኢዩ።
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ኣን ቻይና ዓበይቲ ጻዕርታት ይካየዱ ኣለዉ፡ እዚኦም ድማ ምዕጻው ናይ ዉሃንን ኣብ ከባቢኣ ዘለዋ ከተማታትን፡ ከምኡ`ውን ቀጻሊ ምዕጻው ናይ ዝበዝሐ ክፋል ህዝቢ፡ ነቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ንምግታእ።
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
እዞም ተግባራት ንቚጠባን ካልኦት ጽላታት እታ ሃገርን ኣዝዮም ኣዕንውቲ እኳ እንተኾኑ ቁጽሪ ሕደስቲ ሕሙማት እናጎደለ ይመጽእ፡ እዚ ድማ እቲ ለበዳ እናንከየ ይመጽእ ምህላዉ አመልክት እዩ።
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
እቲ ኣዝዩ ንጽበዮ ዘለና ትስፉው ገምጋም፡ ምስፍሕፋሕ ኣብ መጋቢት ክውድእን፡ እቲ ናይ ምጉዳል ገጽ/ደረጃ ድማ ካብ 3-4 ወርሒ ኣብ ዝወስድ ግዜ ቀስ ኢሉ ክቕጽል ኢዩ።
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
ገለ ክኢላታት ግና ሕጂ’ውን ተስፋ ዝህብ ነገር የለን በሃልቲ እዮም።
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
ፖል ሃንተርን ካልኦትን (Paul Hunter, et al) ፡እቲ ካብ SARS ንላዕሊ ኣዝዩ ተመሓላላፊ ዝኾነ ሕማም ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ 2020 ክጠፍእ ከም ዘይክእል ይግምት።
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Ira Longiniን ካልኦትን ሳዕቤናት እዚ ሕማም ዝንበ ሞዴል/ንድፊ ከም ዝመሃዙን SARS-CoV-2: ክልተ ሲሶ ካብ ህዝቢ ዓለም ክልብድ ከም ዝኽእልን ርእይቶኦም ሂቦም ኣለዉ።
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
ኣብ ካናዳ ዝርከቡ ናይ መጽናዕቲ ጉጅለ ከም ዝሓበርዎ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣፍንጫን ኣብ ላዕለዋይ ክፋል ናይ ጎሮር ናይ ዝሓወዩን ቅድሚ 2 ሰሙን ካብ ሆስፒታል ዝተፋነዉን ልኹፋት፡ ከም ዝረኸቡ ነጊሮም፡ እዚ ድማ እዚ ሓድሽ ዝተረኽበ ቫይረስ ልክዕ ከምቲ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ሓደ ሲሊደሪካዊ መስርዕ ክኽተል ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ።
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
እንተኾነ፡ ኣዝዩ ተስፋ ዝህብ ምልክታት ኣብ ቻይና ተራእዩ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ እቲ ቁጽሪ መልከፍቲ ብሙግዳሉን እቲ መደባት ድማ ኣብ ግብሪ ብምውዓሉን ኢዩ፡፡
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
ኢቦላ (Ebola)ኢቦላ (Ebola) (Ebola) ኣብ መጀመርያ ክሳብ ሓደ ሚልዮን ሰባት ክለክፍን ፍርቂ ሚልዮም ድማ ኣደዳ ሞት ክገብርን፡ ተገሚቱ ኔሩ።
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
እንተኾነ፡ በቲ ጥብቂ ናይ ምውሻብ መስርሕኝ ምግላልን፡ እዚ ሕማም ኣብ ሓጺር ግዜ ኣብ ቁጽጽር ክኣቱ ክ ኢሉ።
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
ብተመሳሳሊ ናይ SARS-CoV፡ SARS-CoV-2 ድሕሪ ግዜ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ብቕዓቱ ክጎድልን ጸኒሑ ውን ክመውትን ወይ ን ደቂ-ሰባት ዘይተጋዳኢ ክቅየርን ይኽእል ኢዩ ።
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
ምንጽጻር ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ለበዳን ምስ SARS ን MERS ን ኣብዚ ታሕቲ ተገሊጹ ኣሎ ስእሊ. ​(ስእሊ.55)።
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 ብሰዓልን ምህንጣስን ኣዝዩ ኢዩ ዝላባዕ፡ ከምኡ`ውን በቲ ቀጥታ ርክብ ምስቶም በዚ ቫይረስ ዝተለኽፉ ንብረታት ውን ይመሓልእለፍ ኢዩ።
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
እዚ ቫይረስ ኣብ ቀልቀል እውን ብምርካቡ ካብ ቀልቀል ናብ ሰብ ይሓልፍዶ ይኸውን ዝብል ሓድሽ ሕቶ ኣለዓዒሉሎ።
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
ናይ ቀረባ መጽናዕቲ ኣብ 138 ግዳያት ከም ዝሓበሮ፡ 41% ናይ ግዳያት ብናይ ኣፍንጫ መልከፍቲ ተመሓላሊፉ፡ ካብ ዚኦም ድማ 17 ካልእ ተወሳኺ ሕማም ዝነበሮም ኮይኖም፡ 40 ድማ ናይ ጥዕና ኣገልግሎት ወሃብቲ።
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
ስለዚ፡ ን ደቂ-ሰባት ንክልኻል ዓቢ ጥንቃቀ ክግብር ኣለዎ፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ነቶም፡ ናይ ጥዕና ወሃብቲ ኣገልግሎት፡ ማሕበራዊ ሰራሕተኛታት፡ መሳርሕቲ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ምስቶም ልኹፋት ወይ ተሓከምቲ ዝኾነ ርክብ ዝጸንሖም ተመልካትቲ፡፡
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
ለበዳ ንምክልኻል ዝውሰድ ናይ ፈለማ ስጉምቲ ብመገዲ ምምላስ ናይ ገጽ ማስኬራታት እዩ፣ ምጥቃም ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክ ከምኡውን N95 ናይ ምስትንፋስ ማስክ (ተርታ # 1860s) ምውዳይ ንምስፍሕፋሕ ለበዳ ንምቊጽጻር ይሕግዝ።
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክታት ካብ ሕሙም ዝወጹ ኣብ ኣየር ዘለዉ ነጠብታታት ክኽልክሉዎም ይኽእሉ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ኣየር ወይ`ውን ናብ መሬት ካብ ዝዕልቡ፡ ናብ ካልኦት`ውን ክሓልፉ ዝኽእሉ ዝነበሩ፡ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
እንተኾነ፡ ነቲ ናይቶም ደቂቕቲ ካብ 10-80 nm ዝዓቀኖም ቫይረስ ብምስትንፋስ ንውሽጢ ኣካላትና ከይኣትዉ፡ N95 (series # 1860s) ዝዓይነቱ ማስክ ጥራይ ክከላኸለልና ይኽእል፡ ናይ ምዙራቕ ብቅዓቱ ድማ 5% ጥራይ ኢዩ፡ SARS-CoV-ምስ SARS-CoV ኣዝዮም ምምስሳል ኣለዎም ኣብ ዓቀን፡ ክልቲኦም ድማ ዳርጋ 85 nm ኢዮም።
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
ፓርቲክላት ክሳብ ሓሙሽተ ማስክ ክበስዑ ስለዝኽእሉ ምስ ሕሙማት ዝውዕሉ ሰራሕተኛታት N95 (series # 1860) እምበር ናይ መጥባሕቲ ማስክ ክወድዩ የብሎምን።
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
ኣብ ክንክን ጥዕና ዝዋፈሩ ሰባት በቲ ቫይረስ ናይ ምልካፍ ዕድሎም ንምንካይ ማስክን ካብ ሕሙም ዝፈልዮ ዕቅን ክዳንን ክወዲ ይግባእ።
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
እዚ ቫይረስ እዚ ብ ዓይኒ ኣቢሉ ውን ናብ ኣካላት ክኣቱ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
ኣብ 22 ጥሪ 2020፡ ሓደ ዶክቶር N95 ማስክ ለቢሱ እንከሎ ብ SARS-CoV-2 ተለኺፉ፡ እቲ ቫይረስ በተን ነዲረን ዝነበራ ኣዕንቱ ጌሩ ኣትዩ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
ስለዚ፡ እቶም ናይ ጥዕና ኣገልግሎት ወሃብቲ ማስክ ክለብሱ ኣለዎም፡ ወላውን ገጽ ዝሽፍን መከላኸሊ ወይ ጎግለ ኽጥቀሙ ኣለዎም ምስ ተለከፍቲ ኣብ ዝህልዉሉ እዋን።
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
ኣብቲ ብ ናይ ቫይረስ መልከፍቲ ዝተጸልወ ቦታ ዘሎ ዝነብር ሓፋሽ ወይ ህዝቢ፡ ኣእዳዉ ካብ ካልእ ግዜ ንላዕሊ ብዝሒ ዘለዉ ግዜን ብ ማይን ሳሙናን ጌሩ ኣጽርዩ ክሕጸብ ይምከር፡ ካብዚ ለበዳ ንምክልኻል ድማ ብዝተኻእለ መጠን ኣብ መንበሪ ምጽናሕ ይምረስ ምስ ካላእ ሰብ ብፍላይ ድማ ተለኺፎም ከይኮኑ ዝጥርጠሩ ሰባት ውን ርክባት ካብ ምግባር ምቁጣብ ዝሓሸ ኢዩ።
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
ሰባት ካብ ሕሙም ናይ ሰለስተ ጫማ ርሕቀት ክሕልዉ ኣለዎም።
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
እዞም ምንቅስቃሳት ውጽኢታውያን መንገዲታት ነቲ ደረጃ ናይ ሓደጋ ናይ ሕማም ንሙግዳል ኢዮም፡ ከምኡ`ውን ምክልካል ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም።
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
ዋላኳ SARS-COV-2 ከም ሓድሽ ቫይረስ ንወዲስብ እንተተቐልቀለ SARS-COV ልዑል ተኽእሎ ዝምድና (ሆሞሎጂ) ከም ዘለዎ ብ 7 ጥሪ 2020 ምግላጹ ነታ ናይ 2003 ዝኽሪ ሕማም SARS-COV ዘለዋ ቻየና ልዑል ናይ መጠንቅቕታ ደወል እዩ።
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
እንተኾነ እቲ ዳይረክቶር ናይ ምቁጽጻር ሕማማት ኣብ ዉሃን፡ እቲ ኖቨል ኮሮናቫይረስ ውሑድ ዓቀን ንናይ ምልባዕ ከም ዘለዎ፡ ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ብዙሕ ከምዘይላባዕ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ነቲ ሕማም ክትከላኸሎን ክትፍውሶን ጸገም ከምዘይኮነ፡ ብምባል ነቶም ነበርቲ ክሳብ 19 ጥሪ 2020 ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ ከጸናንዕ ኣይፈተነን።
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
እዚ መእኽቲ፡ ነቲ ኣነበረ መጥንቀቅታታት ናብ ህዝቢ ከም ዝዛነ ጌርዎ፡ ብፍላይ ድማ እቲ መላእ ህዝቢ ነቲ ናይ ጽድያ ፈስቲቫል ኣብ ዝጽበየሉ እዋን፡ እቲ ኣሸጋሪ ግዜ ናይ ዉሃን ድማ ነቲ ሕማም ናብ ዝተሓተ ደረጃኡ ከጉድሎ ኣብ ዘይከኣለሉ እዋን ኔሩ።
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
ኤጀንሲ ምቊጽጻር ሕማማት ቻይና ካብዚ ትምህርቲ ብምውሳድ ኣብ ቀጻሊ ወሳኒ ምምሕያሻት ይገብራ ኣለዋ።
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
ንኣብነት እዞም ኤጀንሲታት (1) ህዝባዊ መግለጺ ኣብ ዝገብርሉ እዋን ጥንቁቓት ክኾኑ ይግባኣ፥ ምኽንያቱ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ቃልን ኣጋውልን ውሳነን ዜጋታት ክትጸሉ ስለ እትኽእል (2): ኣብ ክንዲ ካብ ዶክተራትን ሰብመዚን ዝመጽእ ወግዓዊ ጸብጻብ ካብ ክሊኒካት ንዝመጽእ ዘይንቡር ሓበሬታ ዝያዳ ተኣፈፍትን ግብረ መልሲ ዝህቡን ኢዮም: (3) ኣብ ክንዲ ህዝቢ ኽትእብድ ምፍታን ኣብ ፍልማዊ ደረጅኡ ዘሎ ዕቑር ተኽእሎ ለበዳ ንምዕጋት: (4) ህዝቢ ብዛዕባ ሕማማት ለበዳ ዘለዎ ግንዛበ ኽዓቢ ንምግባርን በብግዚኡ ዝህሉ ስርዓተ ግብረመልሲ ሕብረተሰብን ንምምርማር ሽቶ እተገብረሎምን ውጽኢታውያንን ታዕሊማት ምክያድ።
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
ብሓድሽ ቫይረስ SARS-CoV-2 እተላዕለ COVID-19 ኣብ ምዝዛም ታሕሳስ 2019 እዩ ጀሚሩ
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
ኣብ ትሕቲ 2 ወርሒ፡ ኣብዛ ሕጂ ንጽሕፈላ ዘለና እዋን፡ ኣብ መላእ ቻይናን ዳርጋ 50 ሃገራትን ተስፋሕፊሑ።
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
እዚ ቫይረስ ምስ SARS-CoV ኣዝዩ ተመሳሳሊ ስለ ዝኾነ፡ እቶም ኣብ መንጎ ኮቪድ-19 ን SARSን ዘለዉ ምልክታት ድማ ተመሳሰቲ ስለ ዝኾኑ፡ እዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ስምዒት ምምላስ ናይ SARS ፈጢሩ።
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
እንተኾነ ኣብ መንጎ ኮቪድ-19 ን SARS ጉሉሕ ዝኾነ ፍልልይ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ምቁጽጻርን ተሓከምቲ ድማ ግቡእ ሕክምን ኣብ ምሃብን ዓቢ ተራ ኣለዎ።
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
ኮቪድ-19 ካብቶም መንእሰያት ንላዕሊ ነቶም ሽማግለታት ኣዝዩ ይጸልዎ፡ከምኡ`ውን ካብ ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ ንላዕሊ ን ደቂ-ተባዕትዮ።
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS ካብ ኮቪድ-19 ንላዕሊ ናይ ሞት ሓደጋ ከስዕብ ይኽእል (10.91% ምስ/ብኣንጻር 1.44%).
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
ልኹፋት ናይ ኮቪድ-19፡ ወላ`ውን ምልክታት ኣብ ዘይብሎም ግዜ ቫይረስ ከመሓላልፉ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም፡ ብኣንጻሩ ልኹፋት SARS ኣብቲ ኣዝዮም ዝሓሙሉ እዋን ኢዮም ከመሓላልፉ ዝጅምሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ንምስፍሕፋሕ ኮቪድ-19 ንምቁጽጻር ኣዝዩ ከቢድ ይገብሮ ምስ SARSብምንጽጻር።
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
እዚ ድማ ብከፊል፡ ስለምንታይ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ SARS-CoV ንላዕሊ ብቁልጡፍ የስፋሕፍሕ ይነግር።
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
ኣጢ ልሙድ ልሙድ ናይ RNA መርመራ ን SARS-CoV-2፡ ኣብ ገለ ልኹፋት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣሉታዊ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
ብኻልእ ሸነኽ ዝሓወዩ ሰባት ደጊሞም በቲ ቫይረስ ክልከፉ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
እዚ ርኽበታት ብ ኣገራሚ መልክዕ ነቲ ሓደጋ ናይ ምልባዕ ወሲኽሉ።
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
ኣብ ጒዳይ COVID-19 ስፊሕ ምርምር ይካየድ ምስ ምህላዉ ብዙሓት ገና ዘይተፈትሑ ኣገደስቲ ጉዳያት ኣለው።
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
SARS-CoV-2 ካበይ መጽዩ፥
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
ብተወሳኺ፡ 96% ምምስሳል ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ን ክልተ ናይ መንካዕ SARS-like CoVsን ኣሎ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ድማ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ መንካዕ ከም ዝተበገሰ ክንድምድም ኣይከኣልናን።
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
ካብቲ መበቆላዊ ዝጽግዓሉ እንስሳ ንኣብነት መንካዕ ናብ ሰብ ዘመሓላልፍ አንስሳ ኣየናይ አዩ?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
መልሲ ናይ #1 ን 2 ከይፈለጥካ፡ ነቲ ምስግጋር ብቅልጡፍ ከነቃርጾ ኣይንኽእልን ኢና፡ በዚ ድማ እቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ከም እንደገና ክምለስ ይኽእል።
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
ዋላኳ ሞለኩላዊ ሞደሊንግ ከምኡ”ውን ባዮኬሚካላዊ መርመራታት ከም ዘመልክትዎ SARS-CoV-2 ናብ ACE2 ዝኣስር እንተኾነ ከመይ ኢሉ እዩ ናብ ዋህዮታት ምስትንፋስ ኣትዩ ሕማም ዘምጽእ?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
እዚ ቫይረስ ምስ ACE2-expressing cells ይተኣሳሰር ዲዩ፥
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
ብዘይ ንጹር ዝኾነ መልሲ ናይቶም ሕቶታት፡ ነቲ ቅልጡፍን ቑኑዕን መመራ ናይ ሕሙማት ክንገብር ኣይንኽእልን ኢና።
How long will the epidemic last?
እዚ ለበዳ መዓስ ክውድእ ኢዩ፥
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
ቫይረስ ብኽመይ ኢዩ ኣብ ግዜ ምትሕልላፍ ብ ጀነቲካዊ ዝምዕብል/ዝፎልቅ፥
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
ክሳብ ለበዳ ዝቕየር ተጸበ፡ ወይ ክሳብ ከም SARS ክሳብ ዝምውት ወይ ድም ከም ፍሉ ክሳብ ዝደግስ/ዝምለስ፥
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
ነዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ እተጠቕሰን ካልእን ኣገደስቲ ሕቶታት መልሲ ንምድላው ገለ ግዜያት ዝሓትት እዩ።
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
እንተኾነ ግና ዝሓተተ ዋጋ እኳ እንተሓተተ ነዚ ለበዳ ሕማም ኣብ ዝሓጸር እዋን ደው ኣቢልና ናብ ንቡር ህይወትና ምምላስ ከድልየና እዩ።
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
ናይ ሰባት ኮሮናቫይረስ ዙኖቲክ መቦቆሎም
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
ን ኣሽሓት ዓመታት ልውጠትን ምልምማድን ሓበራዊ ፍልቀትን ናይ ኮሮናቫይረስን (CoVs) መዕቆቢኦምን ንደቂ ሰባት ዘማእከለ ኣምጺኡ።
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
ቅድሚ 2003፡ ክልተ ናይ ደቂ-ሰባት CoVs (HCoVs) ከም ልሙድ ሰዓል ዝኣመሰሉ ከበድቲ ሕማማት ከምዘስዓቡ ተፈሊጡ
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
SARS ናይ MERS መርስን ማዕረ ክንደይ ኣዕናውን ንህይወት ዘስግእን ኸግህድን ናይ HCoV መልከፍቲ ንምግላጽ።
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
ኣብ ምሞዕባል ወይ ምጅማር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ማእከላይ ቻይና ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይ 2019 ነቲ CoVs ከም እንደገና ኣቃልቡ ክረክብ ኣኽኢልዎ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፡ ንዓና ድማ በቲ ናይ ምስፍሕፋሕ ተኽእሎታቱ ኣዚና ከም እንግረም ጌሩና፡ እዚ ግን ነቲ ነቲ ናይ ሕማም ሰበባት ውን ኣጉዲሉ ኢዩ ምስ SARS-CoV ክነጻጸር እንከሎ።
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
መልከፍቲ HCoVs ዙኖሲስ መበቆል ናይ HCoVs ምርድኡ ጽቡቕ ከገልግለና ይኽእል።
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
እቶም ዝበዝሑ HCoVs ካብ መንካዕ ዝተበገሱ ኮይኖም፡ መንካዕ ግን ሕማም ናይ ምምዕባል ጠንቂ ክትከውን ተኽእሎ የብላን።
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
ናይ ገለ HCoVs ማእከላይ መዕቆቢ'ውን ተፈሊጡ ኣሎ።
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
ምልላይ ምዕቆቢ እንስሳታት ኣብ ምክልኻል ናይ ሰባት ሕማም ቀጥታዊ ርክብ ኣለዎ።
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
ኣብ ናይ እንስሳታት ዝርከብ መዕቆቢ ናይ CoV ምልዉዋጥ ብምርማር፡ኣገዳሲ ዝኮነ ኣረኣእያ ኣብ ናይ ሰባት ኮቭ ፓቴጅ የምጽእ።