atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
እዚ ዝተገምገመ መርመራታት ነዞም ሓሙሽተ ኣካላት ዘጠቃለለ ኢዩ፡ 1) ዝኾነ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ክሕዞ ይኽእል ኢዩ ዝተባህለ ወይውን ናይዚ ሕማም ህላውነት ኣብ ከባቢኡ ዝርከብ መዝገብ ናይ ሕክምን፡
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
ናይ ኮምፑተር ናይ ጥዕና መዝገብ ዓቀብቲ፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ ናይ ሓደ ሰሙን ድሕሪ ዝተገብረ ጠለብ፡ እቶም ክኢላታት ዘድሊ ኮዳት ኣማዕቢሎም
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) ምስፋሕ ናይ ህሉው ቫይረሳዊ መከታተሊን ፡ ምምርማር ናይቶም ምስ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ዝመሳሰል ሕማም ወይ ትሑት ናይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገም መልከፍት LRTI)— ምስ መጠንቀቅታ ናይቶም ናብ ኮቪድ-19 ዘለዎ ቦታ ተቃሊዕም ዝነበሩ ወይ ተቃሊዕም ዘለዉ ተባሂሎም ዝተጠርጠሩ ፡ ናብቲ ሃገራዊ ና ምውሻብ መንገዲ ዝውስድ ክምርሑ ኣለዎም፡ ናብ ናይ ቀዳማይ ረድኤት ቦታ ክመጹ የብሎምን።
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) ናይ ስነ-ጽገና ምትእክኻባት ኣብ ኩሎም ናይ ዕድመ ገደባት፡
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
እዚ ካብቶም ሓፈሻዊ ምዱብ ናይ ደም መርመራ ካብ ዘካይዱ ዝተወስደ ተወሳኺ ናይ ደም ቅምሶ ክኸውን ኢዩ።
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
እቶም 100 ሓፈሻዊ ልምምዳት ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ድማ ኣብ ትሕቲ ዓመታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ስነ-ቫይረስ ምክትታል ዘለዉ፡ ኣብቲ ዝተማሓየሸ ስነ-ቫይረስን ሰሮሎጂካዊ (ቅምሶ ደም) ምክትታላትን ክሳተፉ ኢዮም ።
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) ዝመሓየሹ ዘለዉ ናይ ደም ቅምሶታት ምእካብ።
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
ነዚ ናይ ሓበሬታ ናይ ውውጻእ ዓቅምና ብ ክልተ ዕጽፊ ኣብ ሓደ ሰሙን ከነደይቦ ዕድላት ኣሎና፡ ኣድላዪ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ እውን።
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
እቲ ቅምሶታትን ሴራን ኣብቲ ናይ PHE መወከሲ ላባራቶሪ ክምርመር ይከኣል
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
ሓፈሻዊ ናይ ክሊኒክ ሲስተም ንጥፈታት ዘካይዱ ኣካላት፡ ነቲ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምርመራታት ንምክያድ ዝሕግዙ ሓደሽቲ ቅልጡፋት ናይ ክሊኒክ ኣገባባት ኣማዒሉን ኣዳልዩን ይርከብ።
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
ብተወሳኺ፡ ኣብቲ ኣብዚ ህሉው ናይ ቫይረስ ምክትታል ዝሳተፉ ዘለዉ ተልመዲናት/ኣባላት፡ ካብቶም ትሑት ቁሉዕነት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሓደጋ ምስ LRTIs ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ ቅምሶታት ይወስዱ ኣለዉ፡፡
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
ኣብ ውሕጢ 2 ሰሙን ናይዚ ናይ ምክትታል መስርሕ፡ 3 ግዳያት ረኺብና፡ 1 ካብኦም ድማ በዚ ሓድሽ ናይ ኮድ መስርሕ ተጠቒምና ዝረኸብናዮ ኢዩ፡ 2 ድማ በቲ ዝተናውሐ ናይ ቫይረስ ቅምሶታት ኣገብብ።
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
ነዚ ዝተሰርሐ ሃገራዊ ናይ RCGP RSC ኢንፍሊወንዛ መከታተሊ ስርዓት ቀልጢፍና ናብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ውጽኢታዊ መምርመሪ ናይ ምቁጽጻር ፖሊሲ ቀዪርናዮ ኢና፡፡
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
እቲ ዝተናውሐ ምቁጽጻር፡ ኣቀዲሙ ሓደሽቲ ኮዳት ተጠቃምነት ከም ዝመዝገበ፡ ካብዚኦም ድማ እቶም 3 ተረኪቦም።
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
ቅልጡፍ ምልውዋጥ ናይዚ ፕሮቶኮል/ኣገባብ ነቲ ናይ ሳይንስ ገምጋምን ፡ትምህርቲ ብምልውዋጥን፡ ዝብል ከበግሶ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
እቲ Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP, ሮያል ኮለጅ ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ሓኻይም) ናይ መጽናዕቲን ምክትታልን ማእከል (RSC)- ምስ ሃገራዊ ወኪል ናይ ሓፈሻዊ ንጥፈታት (GPs) ናይ ህዝቢ ኩባንያ የቅውም፡ እዚ ኩባንያ ድማ ንሰሙናዊ ክትትል ዝግበረሎም ተመሓለልፍቲ ሕማማት ዝኸውን ዳታ/ሓበሬታ ዝህብ ሃገራዊ ወኪል ኣለዎም።
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
እዚ ናይ ሕማም ምቁጽጻር መደባት ብ ናይ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ማሕበራዊ ጥዕና (PHE) ዝምወል ኮይኑ፡ ክሳብ 37 ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት ከም በዓል ኢንፍልወንዛ፡ ዘጠቃልል ኢዩ
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
እዞም ትካላት ናይ RCGP፡ RSC ከምኡ’ውን PHE ንልዕሊ 50 ዓመት ዝጸንሐ ምትሕብባራት ኣለዎን፡ ን ከም በዓል ኢንፍሊወንዛን ናይ ጎሮሮ ሕማማትን ዝ ኣመሰሉ ሕማማት ንምምርማር፡ ሕጂ ድማ ኣብ መበል 53 ዓመት ናይ ምርመራን ፈተሻን ይርከቡ
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
እዚ RCGP RSC ኣካል፡ ካብቲ ናይ ሃገራዊ ወኪላት ቅምሶ ናይ ልዕሊ 500 ከተማን ካብ ከተማ ወጻእን GPs ህዝቢ Hሓዘ፡ ዝተፈብረኸ ሓበሬታ ወይ ጸብጻብ ኣውጺኡ፡ እዚ ድና ልዕሊ 4 ሚልዮን ህዝቢ ይሽፍን።
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
ሓበሬታት ካብዞም ንጥፈታት ብ ሰሙናዊ መልክዕ ብ ኦንላይን ተላኢኾም፡ እዚ ድማ ናይ ሰሙን ወሰኻት መጠን ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ከም ኣብነት ሕማም (ILI) ከምኡ’ውን ካል ኦት ተመሓላለፍቲን ናይ ጎሮሮ ሕማማትን ምቁጽጻር ዘማእከለ ኣብ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ዝተገብረን ኢዩ
We also produce an annual report.
ከም ተወሳኺ ዓምታዊ ጸብጻብ ነቅርብ ኢና።
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
እዚ ናይ RCGP RSC መዝገባትን ሓበሬታታትን፡ ነቲ ናይ ክደ መዝገብ ከምኡውን ኩሉ እቲ ናይ ናይ ሕክምና ወረቐት ዝተጻሕፈሎም ወረቃቅቲ ን ክታበት ዘማልአ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
RCGP RSC፡ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ወቕቲ ናይ ቫይረስ ምክትታል ይገብር፡ ኣብ 2019-2020፡ 100 ናይ GPs ኣብነታት ኣሳቲፉ (ስእሊ 1)።
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
እዞም ናይ ቫይረሳዊ ናይ መርኣያ ንጥፈታት ዘካይዱ ተልመዲናት/ኣባላት ሃገራዊ ወኪላት ክኾኑ ኢዮም ተመዚዞም (ስእሊ 1)።
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
GPs (ሓፈሻዊ ሓኻይም) ናይ ጎሮር ዓኽታ ቅምሶታት፡ ካብቶም ምልክታት ካብ ዝጂምሮም ኣብ ውሽጢ 7 መዓልታት ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ዘለዎም ሰባት፡ ይወስድ።
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
ናይ ጎሮሮ ዓኽታ (Nasopharyngeal swabs)፡ ካብቶም ምልክታት ናይ ብሮንኪቲስ ወይ ብሮንክዮሊቲስ ዘለዎም ትሕቲ 5 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ቆልዑ ኢዩ ዝውሰድ።
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
ከም ተወስኺ፡ ናይ ጎሮሮ ዓኽታ ቅምሶታት ፡ ካብቶም ከቢድ ናይ ILIን ናይ ምስትንፋስን ሲንሲሻል ቫይረሳዊ ሕማም ዘለዎም ካብ 5 ንላዕሊ ዝዕድሚኦም ቆልዑ ኢዩ ዝውሰድ።
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
እቶም ቅምሶታት (swabs) ኣብቲ PHE ናይ ጎሮሮ ቫይረስ ማእከል ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ክምርመሩ ይኽእሉ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣወንታዊ ለውጥታት ፡ከምኡውን ተደጋጋሚ ጸገማት ወላ’ውን ናይ ክታበታት ተኽእልቶትን ምምዕባላትን ክምርመር ይከኣል
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
እዚ RCGP RSC፡ ምእካብ ናይ ደም ቅምሶታት ካብቶም ዓቅሚ ኣዳም ዝበጽሒ ሰባት፡ ምስ ናይ 2018-2019 ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ወቕቲ ብምዝማድ፡ ብዓወት ኣካይዱ።
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
እዚ መራሒ ምስ ናይ PHE Seroepidemiology (ናይ ለበዳ መርመራ ደም) ዝህብ ክፋል/ዩኒት ኣብ ብምትሕብባር ኔሩ፡ ከምኡውን ነቲ ቅምሶ ናይ ተረፍ ደም ናብ PHE ኣረኪቡ፡ እዚ ብ ሃገራዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኣግልግሎታት (NHS) ኢዩ ተጌሩ።
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
መርመራ መርኣያ ደም፡ ነቲ ናይ ኣህዛብ ናይ ምጽዋር ክእለቶም ዝምልከት ኣገዳሲ ሓበሬታ ክህበና ይኽእል፡ ከምኡውን እቲ ናይ ሓለዋ ነትዎርክ/ኩባንያ፡ ነቲ ሲስተማዊ ናይ ሓበሬታ ምእካብን ምስ ናይ ጥዕና ጸብጻብን ውጽኢትን ዘሎ ዝምድናን፡ መፍለጢ ዝኸውን ብልሓት ክሕብረና ይኽእእል።
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
እቲ ናይ መርመራ ናይ ደም መርኣያ መራሒ፡ ተኽእሎታት ናይ ነትዎርክ/ኩባንያ ምእካል ናይ ደም መርኣያ ኣብቶም ዓቢ ዓቕሚ ኣዳም ዝበጽሑ ገሊጹ/ኣርእዩ።
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
ምስዚ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምስፍሕፋሕ፡ PHE ከምኡውን RCGP RSC፡ ነቲ ሕሉፍ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ መከታተሊ ኣመዓራርዮሞ/ኣስተኻኺሎሞ ኢዮም እዚ ድማ ነዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምቁጽጻር መታን ክጥዕም ኢዩ፡ እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ነዚ ናይ ምትሕብባር መሰረት ጀሚርዎ ኢዩ።
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
እቲ ቀዳማይ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ሃገራዊ ስትራተጂ ናይ ምልጋብ ምቁጽጻር፡ ፈቲሽካ ሕሙም ምርካብ ኢዩ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ግዳያት ኣብ ከቢድ ሓደጋ ዝርከቡ ብ ናይ NHS111 ን PHE ን ናይ ጥዕና ምክልኻል ኪላታት ጋንታታት ብ ተለፎን ምድጋፍ፡ እንተኾነ ግን RCGP RSC ካብዞም ዝተጠቅሱ ዝተፈልየ ኣሰራርሓ ኢዩ ዘለዎ።
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
እዚ ናይ RCGP RSC፡ ነቲ ዝተጀመረ ስራሕ ብምስፋሕ፡ ናይ ስነ-ቫይረስ ቅምሶታት ደም ናይ ምእካብ ኣገባብን (virological and serological) ምክትታል ነቲ ግዝያዊን ጄግራፍያዊን ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኮሚኒቲ ይቆጻጸር፡ ከምኡውን ነቲ ናይ ምውሻብ መደባት ውጽኢታውነት መስርሕ ገምጋም የቕርብ።
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
ኣብዚ መጽናዕቲ እዚ ኣብ ውሸባ ኮይንና ክንሰርሕ የብልናን።
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
ነዚ ፕሮቶኮል/መምርሒ ምስቶም ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ዘለዉ መሳርሕትናን I-MOVE ኮንሰርቲዩምን (I-MOVE consortium)ን፡ ኣብዚ ቀረባ ግዜ ናይ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት (EU) ሆሪዞን 2020 ገንዘባዊ ሓገዝ ካብ ጨንፈራት ናይ ‘’ዝማዕበለ ፍልጠት ንክሊኒካውን ህዝባዊን ናይ ጥዕና ስጉምትታት ንኖቨል ኮሮና ቫይረስ’’ (“Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”) ዝረከቡ፡ ክንካፈሎ ኢና፡፡
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
ምትሕብባር ናይዘን ብበይነን ኮይነን ዝሰርሓ ዘለዋ ሃገራት፡ ኣብ ምምሕዳር ፕሮጀክትታት ዓቢ ውጽኢት ከምጽእ ሙዃኑ ትጽቢት ኣሎና።
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
ዕላማ ናይዚ መጽናዕቲ ህላውነት ናይዞም ዝስዕቡ ምርግጋጽ ኢዩ፡ ዝኾነ ዘይተፈልጠ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 እንተደኣ ኣሎ ኮይኑ፡ ናቲ ኣብ ቃልዕ ወይ ተነቃፊ ቦታ ዘሎ ኮሚኒቲ ምጽናዕ፡ ከምኡውን ነቲ ግዚያዊን ጀኦግራፍያዊን ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኮሚኒቲ ምምርማር።
The objectives of this study are as follows:
ዕላማ ናይዚ መጽናዕቲ እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኢዮም፡
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
ብኮቪድ-19 ዝተለኽፈ ኣብ ኮሚኒቲ/ማሕበረሰብ ድማ ዝንቀሳቀስ፡ ነቲ ኣብ ከባቢኡ ዘሎ ህዝቢ ዝፈጥሮ ተጽዕኖ፡ ብቀዳማይ ናይ ክንክን ምክትታልን ምቁጽጻርን፡ ከምኡውን ነቶም ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያት ኣብቲ ኣብ ትሕቲ ቁጽጽር ዝኣተወ ቦታ ዘለዉ ናይ ምድላው ክሊኒካዊ ኮድ ምሃብ
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
ነዚ ናይ ቫይረስ መረጋገጺ፡ ኣብ ህላውነትን ስፍሓትን ናይዚ ዘይተመርመረ ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ተመሓላላፊ ሕማም ኮቪድ-19፡ ከምኡ’ውን ኣውንታዊ ለውጢ ኣብ መንጎ እቶም ILI ወይ ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ን ቀዳማዊ ክንክን፡ ንምቕራብ
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
መሰረታዊ ተኣፋፍነት ንኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኮሚኒቲ ንምግምጋምን ከምኡውን ነቶም ብዘይ ምልክት ዝመሓላለፉን (asymptomatic) ምስ ምልክቶም ዝመሓላለፉን (ስymptomatic) ናይ ምቅላዓት ደረጃ ኣብ ህዝቢ በዚ ህላውነት ናይ ቫይረስ ኣብ ደም (seroprevalence) ብምጥቃም ይግምግም
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
ነቲ መስራሕ ናይ ምእካብ ንድፊ ንምምራሕ ናይ ኮንቫስሰንት ሰራ ናይ ጸረ-ታህዋስያን ቅርጺ ኣብ መንጎ ዝሓወዩ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያትን ናብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝተሓወሱን
We intend to capture the following.
ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ክንፈልጦም/ክንምዝግቦም ኢዩ ዕላማና።
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
ናይ ክሊኒካት ናይ ስራሕ ጻዕቂ ምስ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ጸብጻብ ዝተሓሓዙ፡ ነቲ ኮድ ብምጥቃም ናት ግዳያት ሓበሬታ ፡ ኣብቶም ዝተመርመሩን ምስፍሕፋሓት ናይ ሕማም ዘሎዎም ቦታታትን ኣየማልኡን (ስእሊ 2-​-44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
ናይ ወጻኢ ሃገራት ኣብ 28 መዓልታት ተበጺሐን።
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
ተጠቃምነት ክህልዎም ዝኽእል ዝጸንሑ ናይ ቀደም ኮዳት (ሰሌዳታት 1--3).3)።
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
ብዙሓት GPs ን ናይ ቀዳማይ ረድ ኤት ጉጅለን፡ ኣገድሲ ዝተሓሓዝ ሓበሬታ ናብ ኮድ ክቅየር ከም ዝኽእል ኣይፈለጡን።
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
ብተወሳኺ፡ ነዚ ተመሓላላፊ ዝላባዕ ሕማም ዝቆጻጸር ኣካል እንታይ ዓይነት ብቅዓት ከም ዘለዎ ዘመሓድር ሓደ ሓይሊ ወይ ዕቁር ዓቕሚ ኣሎ።
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
እቲ ናብ ኮድ ዝተቐየረ ዝተጻረየ ቁጽሪ ናይ ተመርመርቲ እሞ ድማ ዓቀን ናይ ተለከፍቲ ዘርኢ ሓበሬታ ከም እተረጋገጸ ወይ ድማ ከም ዝተኣልየን የርኢ
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
እዚ መንገዲ ልክዕ ከምቲ ነዚ ህሉው ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ምክትታልን፡ ናይ serology (ቅምሶ ደም ምእካብ ኣገባብን)፡ ዝግበር መስርሕ ክስዕቦ ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ሓሙሽተ ክፋላት ኣለዎ (1) ቀዳማዊ ክንክን ናይ ክሊኒክ ምክትታል (2) ቫይረሳዊ ምክትታል (3) ናይ ህዝቢ ሰሮሎጅካል (ቅምሶታት ደም ምእካብ) ምክትታል (4) ዝተመሓየሸ ቅምሶ ደም ናይ ግዳያት ከምኡውን (5) ሓበሬታ ምምራጽ
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS፡ ነቲ Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (ሲስተማቲካዊ ስም-ምውሃብ ናይ ጥዕናዊ ክሊኒካዊ ኣገባብ, SNOMED CT) ስርዓት ናይ ኮድ፡ እዚ ድማ ብልሙድ ኣብ ዓመት ጥራይ ዝሕደስ ኢዩ።
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
እቶም ናይ ኮምፑተር ናይ ጥዕና ጸብጻብ (CMR) ዝህቡ ነቲ ሕጂ ኣብ ስራህ ዘየለ፡ ሪድ ኮድ (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3) ዝበሃል ስርዓት/መስርሕ ስለ ዝተጠቀሙ፡ ገለ ሕልኽላኽ ተራእዩ።
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
ክሳብ መጀመርያ ለካቲት ናይ 2020፡ ዝኾነ ክጽብጸብ ዝኽእል ክሊኒካዊ ኮድ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣይነበረን።
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
ስለዚ፡ እቶም ክልተ ቀንዲ ናይ GP ስርዓት ኣቕርቦት ዝህቡ፡ ነቶም ሓሙሽተ ክፋል ናይ ኮዳት ወሲኾም፡ ከምቲ ኣብ ሰንትጠረጅ-4 ዝረአ ዘሎ፡ ከም ሎካል ኮዳት ናይ ሲስተም።
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
ናይ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ኢመርጀንሲ ምልቃቕ ናይ SNOMED CT ሓሳባት ን ኮቪድ-19፡ ኣቢ ናይ CMR ሲስተማት (Table 4) ቀልጢፉ ከምዝርከን ተጌሩ፡
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
እቲ ዕላማ እዚኣቶም ቀስ ብቀስ ናብቲ ሓድሽ ናይ SNOMED CT ሓሳባት ክርዕሙ ኢዮም፡ እቲ ምክንያት ድማ፡ ህላውነት ናይዞም ሓሳባትን፡ ተኽእሎታት ናይ ዝመሳሰሉ ሓበሬታ (Multimedia Appendix 1) ምቅዳሕን ስለ ዝከኣል ኢዩ።
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
እቲ ቀንዲ ኣድላዪ ጠለብ ናይዚ ድማ፡ እቲ ክእለታት ኮድ ናይ ምጽሓፍ (4ይ ሰንተረጅ) ኣብ ጉዳይ ናይ ኮቪድ-19፡ ምቅላዕ ነቲ ሓደጋታት ናይ ምልባዕ (ናብቲ ኣዝዩ ኣሰካፊ ቦታታት ክጎዓዝ ወይ ክመሓላለፍ)፡ ኮቪድ-19 ምስ ዝሓዞ ሰብ ምርኻብ፡ ጸብጻብ ን ናይ ሓደ ሰብ ብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተታሕዘ፡ ከምኡ’ውን እቲ ሕማም ከም እተወገደ (ኣሉታዊ መርመራ ክኸውን ይኽእል)
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
ብተወሳኺ፡ እቶም ተልመዲናት/ኣባላት ንዝኾነ ካብ ወጻኢ ሃገር ዝኣተወ፡ ኩሉ ዝበጽሖ ሃገራት ክስነድ ዘለዎ ተኽእሎ (ኣብ ለካቲት 8,2020 ዝተተግበረ) ብምጥርናፍ፡ ኮደ ክጽሕፋ/ፉ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎም።
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
ስእሊ 2—44 ናይ EMIS web ስራሓት የርኢ
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
ኣብዚ እዋን እዚ ናይ ቫይረስ ቅምሶ ን ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ መከታተሊ፡ ብ ደረጃ ኡ ዝሓለወ ናይ ጠለብ ፎርም ዝስነዩ ኢዮም።
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
ን ኮቪድ-19፡ ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ዝዕቅቡ ናይ ጠለብ ፎርም ከነዳሉ ኢና፡
Date of onset of symptoms
መዝገብ ወረራ/መጥቃዕቲ ናይ ምልክታት
Diagnosis of any of the following:
መርመራ ናይ ዝኾነ ካብዞም ዝስዕቡ፡
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
ጉርጉማ / ነድሪ ጉርጉማ ኣብቶም ትሕቲ 5 ዓመት ዝዕድሚኦም ቆልዑ
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
ዝወሓደ ናይ መስተንፈሲ ጎሮሮ መልከፍቲ (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
ታሪኽ ናይ ረስኒ (Y/N); ዝተዓቀነ (Y/N); እወ እንተኮይኑ፡ ደረጃ
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ (Y/N)፥ እንተደኣ ተዓቂኑ፡ ናይ ኦክሲጅን ምልኣት ከምኡውን ናይ ምስትንፋስ ቅልጣፈ
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
ጉዕዞ/መገሻ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን (Y/N)፡ እወ እንተኮይኑ፡ ኣብዘን ዝሓልፋ 14 መዓልታት ዝበጻሕካየን ሃገራት።
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
ርክብ ምስ ሽሙ ዝተጻሕፈ ልኹፍ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ዝኾነ ሰብ (Y/N) ምስ ነጻ ናይ ርእይቶ ደረጃ ኣብ ርግጸኛነት
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
እዞም ኮዳት ብመሰረት ስነ-ህላዌ ኣብዞም ጉጅለታት ይስርዑ ‘’ብልክዕ’’ ፡ ‘’ክኸውን ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ’’ ፡ከምኡውን ‘’ግዳይ ኣይኮነን’፡ ብመሰረት ናይ ኮዳት ግቡእ ናይ ጉጅለ መስርዒ (ሰሌዳ 5)፡ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ኣብ ናይ ዳታ-በይዝ ዓውዲ ዝተጠቅሙሉ ኢዩ።
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
እቲ GP RSC መግለጺ ናይ ILI ኣብ ማልቲመድያ ናይ ኣፐንዴክስ 2 ተራእዩ ኣሎ።
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
ቀረባት ናይ ሓበሬታ ናብ ህዝቢ መካነ-ትዕዝብቲን ናይ ዳሽ-ቦርዳ ኣገባባትን።
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
ነቲ ሃገራዊ ጸብጻብን ናይ ዳሽ-ዶርድ መልሲ ናይ ንጥፈታት ጽፉፍነትን ብዝሕን፡ ቫይረሳዊን ምእካብ ናይ ደም መርኣያ ዝምልከት ዝቀርብ ሓበሬታ፡ ዘመስርሕን ዝዕዘብን ሲስተም/መስርሕ ከነማዕብል ኢና፡፡
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
ኣብቲ ሰሌዳ 4 ተገሊጹ ከም ዘሎ፡ እዚ ኣብ ኮድ ኢዩ ዝምርኮስ።
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
እቲ ፍሉጥ ግዳይ ኣብቲ ናትና ዳሽ-ቦርድ ከም ‘’ተርእዮታት’’ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ክምዝገብ ኢዩ።
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
እቶም ናይ ሙኻን ተእእሎ ዘለዎም ጉዳያት ‘’ ኣብ ትሕቲ መርመራ’’ ክርከቡ ኢዮም (መርመራታት)
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
‘’ ግዳይ ዘይኮነ’’ ካም ‘’ዝተፈልየ’’ ክውሰድን ክሕሰብን ኢዩ።
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
እዚ ናይ ኦንላይን መዝገብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ውሕጢ ቀዳሞት ሰሙናት ተካይዱ ኣሎ (5ይ ስእሊ), እዚ ድማ ኩሎም ተሓከምቲ፡ መጠን ወሰኽ ናይ ተሓከምቲ ኣብ 10,000 ልኩፋት ወይ ውን ኣብ መጽናዕቲ ዘለዉ፡ ከምኡውን እዚ ቫይረስ ዓሪድሉ ዘሎ ቦታ የጠቃልል።
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
ኣብ ሰሙን ክልተ ግዜ ናይ ምክትታል ጸብጻብ መስርሕ ክንገብረሉ እንኽእል ኣማራጺ ኣሎና፡ እዚ ለውጢ ድማ ክሳብ መዓልታዊ ጸብጻብ ክቕየር ይኽእል ኢዩ።
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
ነቲ ናይ ቫይሮሎግይ ኣብነታት ካብቲ ናይ ሰንቲናል ንጥፈታት ክንቅጽሎ ኢና፡ እዚ ድማ ካብቲ ውቅታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ምጉዳላት ዝበልጽ ኣገባብ ኢዩ።
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
ከም ተወሳኺ፡ ተወሰኽቲ ናይ ክትትል ሰራሕተኛታት ክንቆጽር ኢና።
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
RCGP RSC ናይ ቫይረስ መመርመሪ ዝውተራታት፡ ካብ 200-300 ዓኽታ ኣብ ሰሙን ካብ ናይ RCGP RSC ሰንቲነል ኔትዎርክ ክወስድ ዓሊሙ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ ንኩሉ ደረጃ ናይ ዕድመ ዘሳተፈ ኢዩ።
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
ከም ተወሳኺ፡ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ቫይሮሎጂ መጽናዕቲ ኣጠቃላሊ መምዘኒ ፡ ( ILI፡ ህጹጽ ነድሪ ጉርጉማ / ነድሪ ጉርጉማታት) ካብቲ ዳሕረዋይ ክፍሊ ኣፍ ቅምሶ ካብቶም ከቢድ ናይ LRTI ምልክታት ናይ ሕማም ኣብ ውሽጢ 7 መዓልታት ዘርኣዩ ይወስድ፡ ይምርምር ከምኡ’ውን ዘድሊ ንጥፈታት የካይድ።
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
ናይ RCGP RSC ናይ መጽናዕቲ ኦፊሰራትን ፡ ንጡፋት ርክብ ዘለዎም ኣባላትን፡ ነቲ ጥቅሉል ሃገራዊ ናይ ቅምሶታት ምእካብ ፡ 200-300 ኣብ ሰሙን፡ ከመሓድሮ ኢዩ።
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
እንተደኣ እቶም ናይ PHE ነደፍቲ ብዙሕ ኣብነታት ዘድልዮም ኮይኑ፡ እዚ ክውስኽ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
ቅምሶታት ካብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ንጥፈታት ናብዞም ዝስዕቡ ናይ ዕድመ ገደብ ዘለዎም ጉጅለታት ክሰጋገር ይከኣል፡ ከምኡውን lt፡ 5 ዓመት፡ 5-17 ዓመት፡ 18-64 ዓመት፡ and 65 ዓመት፡ ከምኡውን ካብዚ ዝዓብዩ
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
ዝተኣከቡ ቅምሶታት (ዓኽታ ወይ ደም)፡ ብ ናይ ደብዳቤ ሰታሪት ናብቲ ግቡእ ኣድራሻ ናይ ላባራቶሪ ን መርመራ፡ ክስደድ ኢዩ።
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
ኩሎም እቶም ዝተኣከቡ ቅምሶታት ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛን ኮቪድ-19ን መርመራ ክገብሩ ኢዮም።
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
ብተወሳኺ፡ PHE ን ነፍሲ ወከፍ ቅምሶ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ቫይረስ፡ ኣብ መንጎ መጀመርያን መፋርቅን ናይ ለካቲት 2020 ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ዘሎ ግዝያት ዝተኣከቡ ፡ብጥቅላላ ክምርምሮም ሙካኑ ሓቢሩ።
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
ዝውተራታት ገና ነቲ ናይ PHE ፕሮቶኮል/ኣገባብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ጌና ክስዕብዎ ኢዮም፡ እዚ ድማ ሰባት ኣብ ናይ ምትሕልላፍ/ምልካፍ ሓደጋ ከይኣትዉ ምክልኻልን፡ ካብቲ ኣብ ናይ ስራሕ/መመርመሪ ቦታ ምምጻእ ድማ ኣብ ዘለውዎ ቦታ ኮይኖም ነቲ መስርሕ ክስዕብዎ ተኽእሎታት ምፍጣር ንዘጠቃለለ ኢዩ።
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
ነቶም መጥባሕቲ ዝገበሩ ቐጥታ መርመራ ክገብሩ ይፍቀዶም ኢዩ፡ እንተኾነ ግና ዋላ’ውን ኣብ ገዛ ናይ ዓኽታ መርመራ ክንገብረሉ እንኽእል ኣዳሊና ኢና።
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
ጽማቚ ናይ መስርሓት ኣብ Multimedia Appendix (ማልቲመድያ ኣፐንዲክስ) 3 ተገሊጹ ኣሎ ።
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
ዝኾነ ናይ ILI ግዳይ ዝኾነ ሰብ ወይ ሕማም ናይ ምስትንፋስ ማ GP ዘለዉ (ኣብነት፡ ተለፎነ ን ቆጸራ) ብዝዕባ ናይ ቀረባ ምብጻሕ ዝገበሮ ቦታትት ፡ ከም ቻይና’ን ካልኦት ግዳያት ዝኾና ሃገራትን በዚ ናይ PHE ማዕዳታት፡ ወይ’ውን ምስ ብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ዝኾነ ርክባት እንተጸኒሕዎ/ዋ ጥቡቕ ዝኾነ ምጽራያትን ግቡእ ሕቶታትን ክሕተት ኣለዎ
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
እንተደኣ እዚ ናይ ምኽልካል መጽናዕቲ ኣወንታዊ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ተሓካሚ ናብ ንጥፈታት ክመጽእ ኣየድልዮን፡ ግናኸ ነቲ ናይ PHE መምርሒ ቻርት/ወረቀት ክስዕቦ ኣለዎ።
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
እዚ ድማ ብምቕባል ናይ ክሊኒካዊ ኣባል፡ ኣብቲ ናይቲ ውልቀሰብ ናይ ንጥፈታት ፕሮቶኮል/ኣገባብ ብምምርኳስ ኢዩ።
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
እዞም ኮዳት ናብ ናይ GP CMR ስርዓት ክጸሓፉ ኣለዎም፡ ከምኡውን ከም ክፋል ናይ ሰሙናዊ መልሲ ናይ RCGP RSC ክጽብጸቡ ይኽእሉ።
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
ነዚ ምድላው ኮድ’ዚ (Multimedia Appendix 4) ንምድጋፍ፡ ናይ መለማመዲ መሳርሒ/ንብረት ኣማዕቢልና ኣሎና።
These include prompt cards for:
እዚ ድማ ቅልጡፍ ካርድ ዘማልአ ናይ፡
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
ተቐበልቲ ንጥፈታት ወይ ሰራሕተኛታት ምምማይ ክንክን መጒዳእቲ- ነዞም ፡ ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገም ዘለዎምን ብመሰረት ናይ PHE ሓበሬታ ድማ ኣብ ኣገደስቲ ቦታታት በጺሖም ዝነበሩ ተሓከምቲ፡ ዝግበር ናይ ኮድ ምውሃብ ኢዩ
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
እቶም ኮድ ዝጽሕፉ ኣባላት ምምሕዳር ወይ ሳይካያትሪታት፡ ነቶም ዝተጠርጠሩ ግዳያት ዝውክል ቀጻሊ ዝኾነ ናይ ውጽኢት ኮድ ምጽሓፍን ፡ን ምእላይ ድማ ኣሉታዊ ኮድ ምጽሓፍ ዘጠቃለለ ክገብሩ፡ ንቀጻሊ ኮድ ምጽሓፍ ንምትብባዕ
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
እቶም ናይ ቫይረስ ምክትታል ዝጠርነፉ ንጥፈታት፡ ነቲ ንመርመራ ኢሉ ዝመጸ እሞ ካብ ተሓከምቲ ዝተኣከበ ናይ ደም ቅምሶታት፡ ክጥቀሙሉን ክእክብዎን ዕድል ኣለዎን።
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
እቶም ነቲ ልሙድ ናይ ደም መርመራ ክገብረ ዝመጹ ተሓከምቲ ተወሳኺ መርኣያ ናይ ደም ከቅርቡ ክሕተቱ ኢዮም።
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
ኣብ ውሽጢ ናይ RCGP RSC ናይ ሓበሬታ-ዓቃቢ፡ ናይ መጀመርያ ፈተሻ ጌርና፡ እዚ ድማ ንቁጽሪ full blood count (FBC, ምሉእ ናይ ደም ፍቕዲ) ውጽኢት ንምርኣይን፡ ድምር ለውጢ ኣብ ዓበይትን ቆልዑን ንምፍላጥን ኢዩ (Figures 6-​-9).9) ።
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC ሓደ ካብቶም ዝካየዱ ኣዝዩ ልሙድ ዝኾነ ፈተና ኢዩ፡ ከምኡውን እዚ ገምጋማዊ ሓበሬታ ናይቶም ዝተኻየድ ድምር ቁጽሪ ናይ ደም መርመራ ክሕብረና ተሳፋ ንገብር።
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
እቲ ናይ ቅምሶታት ቁጽሪ ኣብ 100,000 ተሓከምቲ፡ ኣብ ቆልዑ 15-17 ክሊ ዝዕድሚኦም ልዕሊ 60 ዝዕድሚኦምን እቲ ዝበዝሕር ኢዩ፡ ካብ 0-4 ክሊ ዝዕድሚኦምን 18-29 ዝዕድሚኦም መንእሰያት ድማ ዝተሓተ ኢዩ (ስእሊ 6--99)።
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
1000 ዝኣኽሉ ናይ serology (ደም ቅምሶታት)፡ ኣብ ኩሉ ገደብ ዕድመ ዘተኮሩ ከነበርክት ኢና።
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
ብተወሳኺ፡ ነዞም ኩሎም ካብቲ ቫይረሳዊ ንጥፈታት ክንረኽቦም ንኽእል እንተኮንና ክንምርምሮም ኢና፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ውጽኢት ንምድንፋዕ ኢዩ።
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
ጽቡቅ ናይ ጀኦግራፍያዊ ምስፍሕፋሕ ኣገዳሲ ኢዩ፡ ስለዚ PHE ነቲ ናይ serology (ናይ ደም ቅምሶታት) ኣበይ ብጽቡቅ ክእከብ ከም ዝኽእል የማኽር ኢዩ።
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
እዚ ድማ ወሓዊ ብ 800 ኣብነታት ክስነ ኢዩ።
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
እዚ መርኣያ’ዚ ምስ ካልእ 200 ቅምሶታት፡ ን ቅድመ-ለበዳ ቅየሳ/ገምጋም ዕላማ ኣብዞም ዝስዕቡ ክከፋፈል ኢዩ፡ (100 ኣብ ወርሒ) ኣብዚ ገደብ ዕድመ ዘለዉ ጉጅለታት፡ &lt; 5 ዓመት, 5-17 ዓመታር, 18-64 ዓመታት, ከምኡውን 65 ዓመታት ወይ ዝዓብዩ።
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
እቶም ነ ኣሽቱ ተሓከምቲ፡ ኣብ ብዙሓት ንጥፈታት ካብ 14 ንላዕሊ፡ ከምኡውን ኣብቶም ዝበዝሑ ህጻናት ካብ 8 ንታሕቲ ዝዕድሚኦም፡ ደገፍ ስነ ሕክምና ቈልዑ ናይ serology (መጽናዕቲ መርኣያ ደም) የድሊ ኢዩ።
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ ጉዕዞን ምቅላዕን ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ንምልላይ፡ ሓደ ሓድሽ ናይ ጠለብ ፎርም ከነዳልወሎም ኢና።
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
ዝተመሓየሸ ናይ serology (መርኣያ ናይ ደም) ካብቶም ልኩፋትን ንከቢድ ቫይረሳዊ ቅምሶ ኣብ ግዜ ምልካፎም ዘለዎም ንምእካብ፡ ሓደ ስርዓት/ንድፊ ከነዳሉን ክንመርሕን ኢና።
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
እዚ ነቲ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእሎ፡ ናይቶም ዝሓወዩ ሕሙማት፡ ግና ነቲ ቫይረስ ከመሓላልፍዎ ዝኽእሉ፡ ንምልላይ ኢዩ።
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
እንተደ ኣ ውሑዳት ቁጽሪ ናይ ግዳያት ኣለዉ፡ እቶም ተሓከምቲ ናብ ናይ ውልቆም GP (ሓፈሻዊ ሓኪም) ሒዞሞ ክኸዱ ዝኽእሉ መመርመሪ መሳርሒ ንክምዕብል ክሕግዝ ኢዩ፡ በዚ እቶም ተሓከምቲ ተቀባልነት ናይቲ ክፍትሽዎ ይኽእሉ።
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
እንተደኣ ብሃገር ደረጃ ብዙሕ ቁጽሪ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ልኹፋት ኣሎ ኮይኑ፡ ዝተመሓየሹ ቅምሶታት ካብ ናይ RCGP RSC ንጥፈታት ክእከቡ ኣለዎም፡ ምኽንያቱ ልኹፋት ግዳያት ስለ ዘለዉን ናብቲ ሕክምናዊ ጸብጻብ ውን ከምርሑና ስለ ዝኽእሉን ኢዩ።
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
እዚ መስርሓት እዚ ነዞም ዝስዕቡ የጠቃልል ንስም ዝሓብእ ናይ NHS ቁጽሪ ናይቶም ኣብ RCGP RSC ዘለዉ ኣወንታዊ ንጥፈታት ምርግጋጽ፡ ምርግጋጽ ናይዚ ህሉው PHE መምርሒታት ነቲ ናይ ዝተለኽፉ ምኽያት መልከፊም ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው፡ ከምኡውን ነቶም ተሓከምቲ ነቶም ዝሓለፉ መስርሓት ብምስዓብ ቆጸራ ምሃብ፡ ኢዮም።
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
እዚ ድማ ብ ሃገር ደረጃ ብጥንቃቀ ኣብ ኩሉ ከባቢታት ክመሓደር ኣለዎ፡ ከምኡውን ውልቀ-ሰባት ብ ብዙሓት ኣካላት ተበጺሖም ኔሮም ከይኮኑ PHE የድልዮ ኢዩ።
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC ፡ PHE ጠለብ ኣብ ዝሰደሉ እዋን፡ ጠቃሚ ዝኾነ ቅርጺ/ሓበሬታ ነቲ ናይ መጀመርታ ምትሕልላፍ ብምጥቃም ከቕርብ ይክእል።
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
ኣባላት RCGP RSC፡ ኣብቲ ዓመታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ቫይረስ ምክትታል (influenza virology surveillance) ዝተሳተፉ፡ ካብቶም ምልክታት ናይ LRTI ዘርእዩ ቅምሶታት ምውሳድ ጀሚሮም ኣለዉ።
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
ኩሎም ተረኺቦም ዘለዉ ቅምሶታት፡ ን ኢንፍሊወንዛን ኮቪድ-19 ዝዓይነቶም ሕማማት ክምረመሩሎም ተባሂሎም ዝመጾ ኮይኖም፡ ተመርሚሮም ድማ ኣለዉ።
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC ምስፍሕፋሕ ቫይረሳዊ ምክትታል ብምጥቃም፡ ሓደሽቲ መንገዲታት ናይ ቅምሶታት ምእካብ ካብቶም ብኣወንታ ናይ ኮቪድ19 ዝተመርመሩ እሞ ዝመሓየሹ ዘለዉ፡ ክእክብ ክጅምር ኢዩ።
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
ካብ መጀመርያ፡ ካብቲ ሓበሬታ ንናይ መጻኢ መጽናዕቲ ክንጥቀመሉ ዘድልየና፡ ተጠንቂቅና ክንመርጽ ኢና።
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
ናይ ክሎኒክ ጸብጻብና/ሓበሬታና ምስ (ስነ-ቫይረስ ዝተተሓሓዘ እዩ።
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
ብቐሊሉ ከም ዝርከብ፡ ቁሉዕተጠቃምነት፡ ክመሓየሽ ዝኽእል፡ ከም እንደገና ክጥከም ከም ዝኽእል፡ ጌርና ንቲ ናትና ሓበሬታ/ጸብጻብ ከንሰርሖ ኢና።
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
ነዚ ንምቅልጣፍ፡ እዚ ናትና ጸብጻብ ምስቲ ናይ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ Health Data Research UK (ዝተረጋገጸ ናይ ጥዕና መጽናዕቲ ሓበሬታ) ከምኡ ድማ እቲ European Health Data Evidence Network (መርበብ መርትዖ ጥዕናዊ ዳታ ናይ ኤውሮጳ) ተዘርዚሩ ኣሎ።
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
እዚ ናይ ጸብጻብ ኣገባብ ነቲ ዘሎ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም ይድግፎ ኢዩ፡nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs, ዘይፋርማስያዊ ጣልቃ ምእታዋት) ድማ ነዚ ዝቅጽል ዘሎ ለበዳ ንምዕጋት ዝግበር ግብረ-መልሲ ኮይኑ፡ ነቲ ምስፍሕፋህ ናይቲ ሕማም ድማ ከጉድሎ ይኽእል።
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
እዚ ፖሊሲ ነቲ ናይ ርክባት ቁጽሪ/ዓቐን ኣብቲ ህዝቢ የጉድሎ በዚ ድማ ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ቫይረስ የጉድሎ።
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
ነዚ ኣብ ግብሪ ንምውዓል፡ መንግስቲ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ህዝቢ ውልቀ-ውሸባ ንከተግብር ፡ስጉምትታት ኵሰብ ከም ዘለዎ ኣስሚርሉ።
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
ነቲ ናይ ምብዛሕ ቁጽሪ ዕላማ ብምግባር (R) (እቲ ማእከላይ ገምጋማዊ ቁጽሪ ናይ ካልኣዊ ተርእዮ፡ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ከይዝ ዘፍርዮ)፡ ከምኡውን ነዚ R ትሕቲ 1 ንምውራድ፡ እቲ ፖሎሲ ነቲ ናይ ግዳያት ቁጽሪ ናብ ዝተሓተ ደረጃ ከጉድሎ፡ ወይ (ከምቲ ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ለበዳ ዘጋጠመ ፡ ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማምን ኢቦላን) ነቲ ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ዘሎ ቀጥታ ምምሕልላፍ ከጉድሎ ይሰርሕ ኣሎ።
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
ከምቲ ተመክሮ ናይ 2009 H1N1 ለበዳ ዝገልጾ፡ NPIs እቶም ቀንዲ ክፋላት ምፉካስ/ምጉዳል ናይ ለበዳ ክኾኑ ከም ዝኽእሉ ተገሚቱ።
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
እቲ ቀንዲ ናይ መጽናዕትና መፍትሕ ወይ ኣገዳሲ ነጥቢ እቲ ዝለዓለ ቁጽራዊ ኣሃዛት ናይ ግዳያት ኣብ ሓደ እኩብ ህዝቢ፡ ምጽናዕ ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ብ ምእካብ ሓበሬታ ከምኡውን ነቲ ናይ ግዳያት ምውሳክ ለውጢታት ኣብ ዝተመርኮሰ ንድፊ ምድላው፡ ከምኡ’ውን እቲ ሕግታት ናይ ምፍንታት ኣብ ዝትግበረሉ ለውጢታት ናይ ቁጽራዊ ኣሃዝ ናይ ግዳያት ምስዓብን ኢዩ
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
ኣብ ቀንዲ መሬት ቻይና ፡ ኣገደስቲ ሕማማትን፡ ምስ ኮቪድ-19 ዝዛመዱ ናይ ለበዳዊስጒምትታትን፡ ዝሓዙ ጽሑፋት ተሓቲሞም ኢዮም።
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
ካልእ ቀንዲ ናይ ለበዳ ምቅይያራት መዐቀኒ፡ እቲ ገደብ ናይ ግዜ ካብቲ ሓደ ሰብ ዝተለኽፈሉ ግዜ ክሳብ እቲ ውልቀሰብ ነቲ ሕማም ከመሓላልፈሉ ዝጀመረሉ ግዜን እቲ ሰብ በቲ ሕማም ዝልከፈሉ ግዜን፡ ክንዕቅን ይሕግዝ ሙኻኑ ኢዩ።
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
እዞም ዝተጠቅሱ ረቃሒታት፡ እንተድ ኣ ብግቡእ ተገምጊሞም፡ ነዚ ናይ ለባዶ መጻኢ ኩነታት ግቡእ ዝኾነ ናይ ሓበሬታ ክህቡና ይኽእሉ ከምኡ’ውን እቲ ንይ መወዳእታ ቁጽሪ ናይ ልኹፋት ክግምገም ክሕግዙ ይኽእሉ፡
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
ሃቐናና ነቲ ባየስያን (Bayesian) ምትእትታዋት (ABC) ናብ (possibly spatially heterogeneous) ተነቃፊ-ምቅላዕ-ምትሕልላፍ-ኣለየ (SEIR) ገምራዊ ናይ ለበዳ ንድፊ፡ ምትግባር ኢዩ።
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
እዞም ቴክኒካት/ኣገባባት ኣዝዮም ፐራልላውያን/ተማዕደውቲ ኢዮም፡ ኣብ ብዙሕ ዓውዲትት ድማ ሰሪሑም ኢዮም፡ ከም ኣብነት ናይ ሕማም ምትሕልላፍ መዴል/ንድፊ።
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
እዚኣቶም ድማ ባህላዊ ኣገባባትን ልምዳዊ ተግባራትን ኣብዘይህልወሉ ከም ኣብነት፡ ተግባራት ማርኮቭ ሞንተ ካርሎ፡ ብንጹር ተግባራዊ ምስምማዓት ኣልዎም
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
ልክዕ ከምዚ ዓይነት መንገዲ ኣብ ASPREN ናይ ክትትል ሓበሬታ/ጸብጻብ ተሰሪሕሉ ኔሩ፡ እዚ ድማ፡ ካብ ናይ GPs ሓላዊን ንጥፋት ሰራሕተኛታት ነርሳትን ዝወጸ ዘይተረጋገጸ ጸብጻብ ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ናይ ILI ዝተጸብጸበ ሓበሬታ ፡ ምጥፋእ ሓበሬታን ፡ ባዕሉ ናይ ትዕዝብቲ ንድፊ ክነድፍ ዘለዎ ኣድላይነትን፡ ዘጠቃለለ ሓበሬታ ብግቡእ ተጸኒዑ።
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
ከም ተወሳኺ እቲ ጥርዚ ናይ ሓደሽቲ ልኹፋት በቲ ናይ ምክፍፋል ኣገባባት ጌሩ ክፍለጥ ተኻኢሉ ኣሎ።
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
ገምጋማት ናይ ረቛሒታት ናይ SEIR ሞደል/ንድፊ ኣብ ዓበይቲ ናይ ሓበሬታ እኩብ ክንቆጻጸሮም ንኽእል ኢና፡ ምኽንያቱ ድማ ፓረለላውቲ/ተማዕደውቲ ስለ ዝኾኑ፡ እዞም መንገድታት ድማ ኣብ ብዙሓት ላይብረሪታት ተተግቢሮም ኢዮም፡ ነቲ ናይ ላይብረሪ ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) ከምኡውን abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) ነቲ ሰሙናዊ ናይ ለበዳ ዓቀን ንምፍላጥ፡ ብዕላማ ክንጥቀመሎም ኢና።ውጽኢታውነት
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
ነቲ ናይ SIR-ለበዳ ንድፊ ኣብ ABC ነስማዕምዖ ክሳብ ዘለና፡ እቲ ንረኽቦ ውጽኢት ምስቲ ሰሙናዊ ናት ሓበሬታ ጸብጻብ (ወላካ ብተዛማዲ ውሑድ ፍቅዲ እንተለዎ) ብምዝማድ፡ ጥዕና ዘለዎ ክኸውን ትጽቢት ኣሎና።
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
ከም ኣብነት ናይ ABC ስነ-ኣገባባት ኣብ ትሪስታን ዳ ኩህና ዝሑል፡ ናይ ሓበሬታ ዝተገብረሎም ኣብ 1967፡ እዚ ድማ ቀጽሪታት I (ቁጽሪታት ናይ ዝተለኽፉ) ከምኡ’ውን R (ናይ ዝሓወዩ ቁጽርታት) ዝበዝሑ ካብዚኣቶም ኣብ ዓሰርተታት ኢዮም ዘለዉ
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፡ ከም ተወሳኺ ናይዞም መንገድታት ንKaplan-Meier (ካፕላም መየር) ክንቆጽራ ኢና፡ ነቲ ናይ ምጠነ ሞት ምስ ቁጽሪ ግዳያት ዘሎ ናይ ቅመርዊ ሕሳብ ንምግባር።
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
እዚ መንገዲታት፡ ምስቲ ናይ ABC መንገዲታት/ኣገባባት ዝምድና የብሉን፡ ከምኡውን ኣብ መንጎ ክልተ ንድፊታት ዘሎ ናይ ጸብጻብ ምንጽጻር ከፍቅድ ይኽእል፡ በዚ ድማ ጥዕና/ቅኑዕነት ናይቲ ውጽኢት ክንግምግምን ክንፈርድን ንኽእል።
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
ናይ RCGP RSC’s ምክትታል ምስ PHE ፡ ብ ናይ ጥዕና ምክልኻል ኣብ ትሕቲ ሕጋጋት 3 ናይ ጥዕና ኣገልግሎታት (ምቁጽጻር ናይ ተሓካሚ ሓበሬታ) ሕጋጋት 2002፡ ክግለጽ ይከኣል።
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
እዚ ድማ በቲ ናይ PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office (ቤት-ጽሕፈት ካልዲኮት gardyan) ተረጋጊጹ ኢዩ።
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
እቲ መርማሪ ኣብዚ ጊዳያት ንክሳተፍን ክነጥፍን ዝኾነ ተወሳኺ ሓደጋታት ዘለዉ ኣይመስልን፡
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
ምክልኻል ናይ ተመሓላልፍቲ ሕማማትን ናይ ምቁጽጻር መስርሓትን፡ ነቲ ሃገራዊ መምርሒ ክኽተል ኢዩ።
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
ዝኾነ በዚ ሕማም ዝተለኽፈ ግዳይ በቲ PHE/NHS ናይ መምርሒ ፖሊሲ ኣብ ሓደ ግዜ ክመሓደር ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቶም ልኹፋት ዝወሃብ ምኽርታትን ማዕዳታትን ዘጠቃለለ ኢዩ።
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
እንተኾነ፡ እዚ ናትና ስልጠና ነቶም ወከልቲ ከመይ ግቡእ ኣጠቃቅማ ክኽተሉ ከም ዘለዎም ዝመክርን፡ ከምኡ’ውን ምድጋም ናይ ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት ምቁጽጻር ኣብዚ ናትና ንጥፈታት ክዓቢ ዘለዎ ተኽእሎታት ዘማልአ ኢዩ
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ክፋል ኣብ ሕጋጋት 12 ብዛዕባ ውሕስነት ክንክን ከምኡውን ምሕካም/ክንክን፡ በቲ ናይ ኮሚሽን ናይ ክንክን ትሕዝቶ ከም ዝተገልጸ።
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
ናይ መገሻ ታሪኽን ከምኡውን ክሊኒካዊ መግለጺ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 መልክፍቲ
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
እቶም ንጥፈታት ናይ RCGP RSC፡ ኣብቲ ናይ ክሊኒክ ኮድ መጽሓፊ፡ ብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምክንያት ኣብ ኩሉ ናይ CMR ሲስተማት ህላውነት ዘለዎ፡ ኮይኑ ስረሑ ክቕጽል ይምከር።
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
እዚ ድማ ሓበሬታ ናይ ክሊኒክ ገለጽቲን (Table 4) ዝኾነ ናይ ቀረባ ናይ ጉዕዞ ታሪኽ ዘጠቓለለ ኢዩ።
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
ምዱካን ናይ ምሰፍሐ ናይ ቫይረሳዊ ቅምሶታት።
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
እቶም ናይ RCGP RSC ንጡፋት ኣካላት ኣብቲ ዓመታዊ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ቪሮሎጅይ ናይ መጽናዕቲ ግዜ ተሳቲፎምን፡ ካብቶም ተሓከምቲ ናይ LRTI ምልክታት ዘርኣዩ ድማ ቅምሶታት ወሲዶም
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
ኩሎም ዝተቀበልናዮም ቅምሶታት፡ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛን ኮቪድ-19ን መርመራ ተጌርሎም ኢዩ።
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
እዚ ድማ ናይቶም፡ ኣብ ናይ መጀመርያ ምትሕልላፍ ትሑት ናይ ሓደጋ ተኽእሎ ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ ፡ ቅልጡፍ ምፍላይ ወይ ምልላይ ከም ዘኽእል ጌሩ።
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
ክሳብ መጋቢት 7 2020፡ እቲ ናይ ምክትታል ሲስተም፡ 2 ግዳያት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ፡ኣብ ውሑድ-ተኽእሎታት ናይ መልከፊ ዝነበሩን ዝኾነ ናይ መገሻ ናብ ዝተለኽፈ ቦታ ታሪኽ ዘይነበሮምን፡ ረኺቡ ።
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
እዚ ፕሮቶኮል ወይ ኣገባብ መምርሒታት ነቲ ናይ ቅድሚ ሕጂ፡ ሃገራዊ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ናይ መጽናዕቲ ሲስተም፡ ከመይ ጌርና ናብቲ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ዘይተሓስበ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ለበዳ ክንቆጻጸረሉ እንኽእል መስርሕ ተግባራዊ ንገብሮ ወይ ውን ነቲ ናይ ምሕደራ ኣገባብ ነመዓራርዮ ይገልጸክናን የርኤናን።
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
ነቲ ናይ ሓበሬታ ምዕቃብ ዘኽእል ኮድ ብቅልጡፍ ሰሪሕናን ኣዋሃሂድናን፡ ከምኡውን ንቲ ናይ ምውሻብ መደባት መጠናኸሪ ዝኸውን ሓበሬታ ንእክብ ኣሎና።
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
ብመንጽር እዚ መጽናዕቲ፡ ብዛዕባ እዚ ለበዳ ናይ ኮቪድ-1፡ ብምትንኻብ ከስዕቦ ንዝኽእል ኩሉ ዓነት ጸገማት ኣብ ግዜ ምንቅስቓስ ክንፈልጥ ሃቃናና ኢዩ።
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
ብፍላይ፡ እቲ ለውጢ ናይ ምስፍሕፋሕ፡ ብ ግዝያዊን ጀኦግራፍያዊን።
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
መርመራታት ናይቶም ትሑት ምቅላዕ ሓደጋ ዝነበሮም ተሓከምትና፡ እቲ ናይ ምውሻብ መደብ ኣብቲ ቫይረሳዊ መርመራ ናይቶም ልዑል ምቅላዕ ሓደጋ ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲን ርክባትን፡ ምርኩስ ብምግባር፡ ውጽኢታዊ ዲዩ ኣይኮነን ሓበሬታ ክህበና ይኽእል።
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
እቲ ምቁጽጻራት ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሓት ከጉድሎ ኣለዎ፡ ከምኡውን ኣብ ምምሕዳር ናይቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ጥቕሚታት ክህሉ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
እንተኾነ፡ ከምቲ ኣብ ኢጣልያ ዘጋጠመ፡ እዚ ቫይረስ ብቅልጡፍ ናብ ህዝቢ ዘስፋሕፍሓሉ ነጥቢ/ግዜ ክመጽእ ይኽእል ኢዩ ።
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
ምክትታል ናይቶም ትሑት ሓደጋ ዘልዎም ተሓከምቲ ፡ ኣብዚ ነጥቢ ክንበጽሕ ከለናን፡ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ዓቀን ክጎድል እንከሎን፡ ክሕበር ኣለዎ።
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
እቲ ለበዳ ወይ ምስፍሓፍሕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 እናዓበየ ኢዩ ዝኸይድ ዘሎ።
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
እዚ ናይ ምምዝጋብ-ዘማእከለ ናይ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ ናይ ካይር ሲስተም እዚ ዝስዕብ ትርጉም ይህብ፡ ንሕና ሓደ ምሉእ ዝኾነ ስእሊ ናይ ጥርኑፍ ናይ ሓደጋታትን ግዚያትን ነዳሉ።
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
እዚ ናይ ምክትታል መስርሕ ነቲ ብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝልከፍ ዘሎ ሓድሽ ቦታታት ከለልዮ ኣለዎ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ፈተነታት ናይ ጸረ-ቫይረስ ተራፒ/ፍወሳ ሓጋዚ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
ነዚ ውጽኢታውነት ውይውን ዝኾነ ዝፍጠር ዝኸፈአ ግብረመልሲ ብሰንኪ እዞም መድሃኒታት ወይ ክታበታት፡ ክንስዕቦን ከነጽንዖን ኣሎና’።
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፡ ቅልጡፍ ርክበት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳይ፡ ነቲ ናይ መጽናዕቲን ምትግባርን ናይ ዝተመሓየሸ ምርምራ ኣገባባትን ኣዝዩ ኣጠንኪርዎ።
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
ናይ ውሕስነት ንጥፈታት ናይ መጀመርያ ቀዳምነታትና ኢዮም።
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC ኣብ 50 ሃገራት ሰሪሑ ኢዩ፡ ቅምሶታት ንምእካብን፡ ምምርማር ሕማም ከምኡውን ናይ ክታበት ውጽኢታውነት ኣብ ምምርማር ነጢፉ ኢዩ፡ ከም ኣብነት ናይ ክታበት ውጽኢታውነት ናይ ለበዳ ናይ ሰዓል ሆንግ ኮንግ 1968/69፡ ናይ ሩስያ ሰዓል 1977/78፡ ከምኡውን ናይ ሓሰማ ለበዳ ሰዓል 2009 ነጢፉ።
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
ዝኾነ ለውጥታት ናይ ሓደጋታት ኣብ ንጥፈታት ናይ ሰራሕተኛታት ወይ ወለዲ ኣብ ግዜ ተሳታፍነት፡ ኣፍልጦ የብልናን።
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
ምቅርራብ ናይ ለበዳ ክፍል ናይ RCGP RSC ስራሕ ኢዩ
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
እዚ ዝማዕበለ ምድላው ኮድ ናይ ሓበሬታ ምምሕልላፍ ካብ ንጥፈታት ናይ RCGP RSC፡ ተኽእሎታት ዘይተሓስበ ምንቅስቓስ ናይቶም ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ጥርጡራት ናብ ናይ ክፍሊ መጥባሕቲ ኣዝዩ ከጉድሎ ሙኻኑ ዝእመን ነገር ኢዩ።
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
ወላ’ካ እቶም እቶም ግዳያት ብ ኣጋጣሚ ዝርከቡ እንተኾኑ፡ ነቲ ውልቀሰብ ድጋይ ንጥፈታቱ፡ ናቱ ርክባት ዘካየዶም፡ ከምኡ’ውን ዝገበሮ ንጥፈታት ምፍላጥን ምጽናዕን ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ኢዩ።
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
ዝኾነ ግዳይ እንተደ ኣ ተረኺቡ፡ ነቲ ንጥፈታት ክጸልዎ ስለ ዝክእል ክዕጾ ኢዩ፡ ክሳ ዓሚቅ መርመራ ተጌሩ ከም ብሓድሽ ዝኽፈት።
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
እቲ ቀንዲ ሕጽረታት ናይ ሲስተምስ እቶም ቁጽሪ ናይ ሓበሬታ ነጥብታት እዮም።
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
ካብ 100 ዝተፈላለዩ ውሑዳት ሕብረተሰባት ዝሓዛ ቦታታት፡ ናይ ሰሮሎጊን፡ ቫይሮሎጊን ሓበሬታ ንእክብ ኣሎና።
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
እዚ ንኢንፍሊወንዛ ንምቁጽጻር ኣዝዩ ምቹእ ኢዩ፡ እንተ ኾነ እዚ ገንዛባዊ ሓገዝ እዚ ነዚ ተፈጢሩ ዘሎ ምልባዕ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ንምቁጽጻር፡ እኩል ዲዩ ኣይኮነን ኣይተፈልጠን።
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
እቲ ናይ ስርሕ ቦታና (ናይ ምክትታል ንጥፈታት) ኣብ ዝሕጂ እዋን ቀዋሚ ኢዩ፡ ኣብቲ ብብዝሒ ግዳያት ዘይብሉ ድማ ንጥፈታትና ብናህሪ እንተወሲኹ ሓጋዚ ሙኻኑ።
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን፡ ሰሙናዊ ጸብጻብ ከነዳሉ ኢና።
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
እዚ ህሉው ኣሰራርሓና ኣብ ሰሙን ክልተ ግዜ ክሕደስ ይኽእል፡ እንተኮነ መዓልታዊ ወይ ሰዓታዊ ጸብጻብ ቀንዲ ህሉው ዕላማና ክኾኑ ኣለዎም።
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
እቲ መስርሕ ናይ መርመራ መርኣያ ደም ክካብ 10 ዓመታት ንታሕቲ ዝዕድምኦም ቆልዑ፡ ብሰንኪ እቲ ዝገደለ እኩብ መጠን መረምራ ናይ ደም ናይዞም ቆልዑ ከምቲ ዝድለ ኣይተተግበረን ወይ ተሓጺሩ ተሪፉ።
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
እቲ ኣዝዩ ሰፊሕ ምርመራታት ብ ናይ RCGP RSC-PHE መርበባት ብምጥቃም፡ ነቲ ሓድሽ ወይ ጀማሪ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ምብራዕ ንምግምጋም ሓጊዙ።
The model of getting the appropriate informatics to enable capture of the required data has already been a success, with data recording starting the week the codes were created.
እቲ ነቲ ልክዕ ናይ ጠለብ ናይ ሓበሬታ ክጽዕን ዝኽእል ናይ ሓበሬታ-ሳይንስ ንድፊ ወይ ሞደል ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን ዕዉት ኮይኑ ኣሎ፡ በዚ መልክዕ ድማ እቲ ናይ ሓበሬታ ምዕቃር ካብታ መጀመርታ እታ ኮድ ምስራሕ ዝተጀመረትላ ሰሙን ጀሚሩ ተጀሚሩ ኣሎ።
In addition, modifying the existing surveillance system to collect population data in a parallel way has also been effective.
ከም ተወሳኺ፡ ምዕራይ ነቲ ናይ ቅድም ናይ መከታተሊ ስርዓት፡ ነቲ ፓራለል/ተማዕዳዊ መንገዲ ናይ ህዝቢ ጸብጻብ ውጽኢታዊ ከም ዝኸውን ጌርዎ ኢዩ።
However, we are at present unsure as to whether the scale of this surveillance provides sufficient data to drive local containment strategies or if reporting infrequently meets the need of our information age.
እንተኾነ፡ ኣብዚ ሕጂ እዋን፡ መጠን ናይዚ ምክትታል ነቲ ናይ ከባብያዊ ናይ ምክልኻል መስርሕ ከንጥፎ/ከጀምሮ ወይ እዚ ዘይስሩዕ ጸብጻብ ነቲ ናይ ሓበሬታ ዘመንና ድሌታት ከማልኣሉ ዝኽእል እንተኾይኑ፡ ንፈልጦ የብልናን ወይ ድማ ኣብ ምጥርጣር ኢና ዘለና።
Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 “suspected case” and “confirmed case” is necessary
ምሕዳስ ናይ መርመራዊ መዐቀኒ/መምዘኒ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ‘’ዝጥርጠር ተርእዮ’’ ከምኡውን ‘’ልኹፋት ግዳያት’’ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ኢዩ።
On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide.
ኣብ ለካቲት 6, 2020፡ ጉጅለና፡ ሓደ ቅልጡፍ ናይ ምዕዶ መምርሒ ምርመራን ምፍዋስን ናይ 2019 ኖቨል ኮሮና-ቫይረስ (2019-nCoV) መልከፍቲ፡ ዝብል ጽሑፍ ሓቲማ፡ እዚ መምርሒ ድማ ኩሉ ናትና ተመክሮ ዝሓቆፈን ብሉጻት ዝኾኑ መወከሲትስት ብምቅራብ ድማ ዓለማዊ ናይ ለበዳ ቃልሲ ኣኵስክ ኣተባቢዑ።
However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
እንተኾነ፡ እዚ ናይ ኮሮናቫይረስ ሕማም 2019 (ኮቪድ-19) ለበዳ፡ ሓድሽ ጉዳይ ኢዩ፡ ኣብቲ ዝካየድ ዘሎ መሰረታዊ ናይ መርመራ መጽናዕቲን ክሊኒካዊ ንጥፈታትን ብምምርካስ ድማ ፍልጠትናን ንቕሓትናን ይውስኽ ኣሎ፡ በዚ ድማ እቶም ኣገባባት ናይ ሕክምና በብቅሩብ ይሕደሱን ይምዕብሉን ኣለዉ።
In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of “suspected case” and “confirmed case” according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China.
ኣብዚ ደብዳቢ እዚ፡ ኣብቲ መምርሒታትና ንሓንቲ ርእይቶ መልሲ ሂብና ኣሎና፡ ከምኡውን ብመሰረት ሓዲሽ ናይ መርመራን ሕክምናን መምርሒ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 (ሻብዓይ ቅዳሕ)፡ በቲ ሃገራዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኮሚቴ ናይ ህዝባዊት ሪፓብሊክ ቻይና ዝተዋህበ፡ ዝተሓደሰ/ሓዲስ ናይ መርመራ መዕቀኒ ‘’ጥርጡር ከይዝ’’ ከምኡውን ‘’ልኹፍ ከይዝ’’ ኢልና ኣዳሊና ኣሎና።
In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused an outbreak, which is now officially named as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
ኣብ ታሕሳስ 2019፡ እቲ ናይ 2019 ኣገራሚ ዓይነት ኮሮና-ቫይረስ (2019-nCoV) ሓዲሽ ማዕበል ሕማም ናይ ቫይረስ ኣማዕቢሉ፡ ሕጂ ድማ ብወግዒ ናይ 2019 ሕማም ኮሮና-ቫይረስ (ኮቪድ-19) ተባሂሉ ይጽዋኦ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ቫይረስ እዚ ሓደገጃ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ኣበር ኮሮና-ቫይረስ 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ይጽዋኦ ኣሎ
On 11 March 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
ኣብ 11 መጋቢት 2020፡ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) ንኮቪድ-19 ከም ዓለማዊ ለበዳ ኣዊጅዎ።
In order to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, our team has developed a rapid advice guideline and that has been published online in Military Medical Research on 06 February 2020.
መታን ን SARS-CoV-2 ዝዓይነቱ ሕማም ንክትቃለሶ፡ እዚ ናትና ኣካላ ወይ ጋንታ ሓደ ቅልጡፍ ናይ ሓበሬታ መምርሒ ካብ ለካቲት 06, 2020 ጀሚሩ ኣብ ናይ ወተሃደራዊ ናይ ጥዕና መጽናዕትታት ኣሕቶምዎን ኣቀሚጥዎን ኣሎ።