atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
እዞም ምልክታት ካብ መዓስ ጀሚሮም ይቅጽሉ ኣለዉ፥
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
ከምኡ’ውን ኩሉ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛታት በዚ መንገዲ ክሕከም/ክንክን ክረክብ ኣለዎ፡ ኣብ ናትካ ክሊ ዕድመ
and along with a fever
ከምኡ’ውን ምስ ረስኒ
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ኮለስትሮል ጸቅጢ ደምካ ክትምርመር የድልየካ ኢዩ
and are you having a fever now?
ከምኡ’ውን ሕጂ ረስኒ ኣለካ ዲዩ፥
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
ካብዞም ምልክታት ኣብ ኣፍልብካ ዝስመዓካ ኣሎ ዲዩ
and are you having a runny nose?
ከምኡውን ንፋጥ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
and are you having this chest pain now?
ከምኡ’ውን ሕጂ እዚ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
ጎኒ ጎኒ ድማ ዝኾነ ጸገም ናይ ምስትንፋስ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
ምስዚ ዝተሓሓዝ ካእ እንታይ ምልክታት ከም ዘሎካ ምነገርካኒዶ፥
and does this pain move from your chest?
ስለዚ እዚ ቃንዛ ካብ ኣፍ ልብኻ ይእለ ዲዩ፥
and drink lots of fluids
ከምኡ’ውን ብዙሕ ፈሳሲ ስተ
and how high has your fever been
ከምኡ’ውን ክሳብ ክንደይ ኢዩ ረስንኻ ልዕሉ ኔሩ፥
and i have a cough too
ከምኡ’ውን ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ኣሎኒ
and i have a little cold and a cough
ከምኡ’ውን ቁሩብ ዛሕሊ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ፡ ሰዓል`ውን ኣሎኒ
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
ከምኡ’ውን፡ ሎሚ ብሓቂ፡ ሕማቅ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣሎኒ
and is this the right time for your hay fever
ኸምኡውን እዚ ግዜ ነቲ ናይ ሃይ ረስኒኻ ቅኑዕ ግዜ ዲዩ
and it get the chest pain
ከምኡ’ውን ነቲ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ይትንክፍ
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
ከምኡ’ውን ኩሩብ ረስኒ ዘሎኒ ኮይኑ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
እቲ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣበይ ይስመዓካ ከም ዘሎ ክትገልጸለይ ምደለኹ
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
ሓደ ዓይነት ምልክታት ዘለዋ ትመስል
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
ሕጂ እንታይ ዓይነት ምልክታት ከም ዘለካ ንገረኒ፥
and they're having some fevers as well
ከምኡ’ውን፡ ንሳቶም ረስኒ ኣለዎም
and with your history of diabetes
ከምኡ’ውን ምስቲ ናይ ሕማም ሽኮር ታሪኽካ
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
ኣፍልበይ ክስበር ክመስል ከምዝስመዓኒ ትፈልጥ ፈሊጥካ ኣለኻ
and you know people cough on me all the time
ትፈልጥ ኢካ ሰባት ኣባይ ኩሉ ግዜ ከም ዝስዕሉ
and you're having chest pain
ከምኡ’ውን ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣሎካ
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
እቲ ምልክታትካ ድማ ኣብ ሓሙሽተ መዓልቲ ኣይከይድን ኢዩ
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
እዚ ትብሎ ዘለኻ ኣብ ኣፍልብኻ ዘሎ ጸቕጢ ኢዩ
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
ካብዞም ኣባላት ስድራቤት ዝኾነ፡ ናይ ልቢ ጸገም፡ መጥቃዕቲ ልቢ፡ ልዑል ኮለስትሮል፡ ልዑል ጸቅጢ ደም ፡ ጸገም ዘለዎ ኣለኩም ዲዩ
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
ዝኾነ ካልእ ቃንዛ ወይ ጸገማት ምስቲ ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛ ዘስተውዓልካዮ ኣሎ ዲዩ፥
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
ዝኾነ ብርቱዕ ቃንዛ ኣብ ጸጋማይ ክፋል ናይ ኣፍልብኻ፥
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
ካልኦት ልክዕ ከምዚ ናትካ ሕማም ዝሓመሙ ሰባት ኣብ ገዛኻ ኣለዉዶ
are you having any difficulty breathing now
ዝኾነ ሽግራት ናይ ምስትንፋስ ኣሎካ ዲዩ
are you having any other symptoms?
ዝኾነ ካልእ ምልክታት ኣሎካዶ፥
are you having any shortness of breath?
ዝኾነ ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
are you still having the chest pain
እቲ ቃንዛ ኣብ ኣፍልብካ ክሳብ ሕጂ ኣሎካ ዲዩ
because this is flu season
ምኽንያት ናይ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ወቅቲ ስለ ዝኾነ
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
ከም ተወሳኺ ናይ ሕማም ሽኮር ፡ ዝኾነ ካልእ ጸገም ወይ ሕማማት ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
ግን፡ ካብቲ ኣብ ኣፍ ልቢ ዘሎ መበሲ ናይ ልቢ ቃንዛ ክንእለ ኣይንኽእልን ኢና።
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
እንተኾነ፡ ሕጂ እቲ ቀንዲ ጸገም ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኢዩ
but if you have the cough
እንተኾነ፡ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ እንተደኣ ኣሎካ
but i have difficulty breathing
እንተኾነ ኣብ ምስትንፋስ ጸገማት ኣሎኒ
but i know lot of people cough on me
እንተኾነ ብዙሓት ሰባት ናባይ ገጾም ከም ዝሰዓሉ ይፈልጥ ኢየ
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
እንተኾነ ን ነፍሲ ወከፍ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣተኪርና ክንሕዞ ኣሎና
but you're breathing all right right now right?
እንተኾነ ግን ሕጂ ጽቡቕ ተስተንፍስ ኣሎኻ ሓቀይ
'cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
ብሰንኪ እዚ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ሙሉእ ብሙሉእ ረሲዐይ
'cause they're having a cough
ምኽንያቱ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ስለ ዘለዎም
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
ከምዚ ሰብ ኣፍልብኻ ዝጸቕጠካ ዘሎ ኮይኑዶ ይስመዓካ ኣሎ፥
do still feel like shortness of breath
ዝኾነ ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ ይስመዓካ ኣሎ ዲዩ፥
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
ሓደ ዓይነት ዝምልክቱ ሕማም ምሕማሞም ኣዕዘምዚሞም ዲዮም፥
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
ክሳብ ዝፈለጥካዮ ዝኾነ ናይ ጸቕጢ ደም ጸገማት ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
ዝኾነ ሕዱር ሕማም ከም ልዑል ጻቕጢ ደም ወይ ንዕኡ ዝመሳሰል፡ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
ስለዚ ዝኾነ ካልእ ዓይነት ነዊሕ ዝቅጽል ሕማም ፡ከም ሕማም ሽኮር፡ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
ምስዚ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ዝኾነ ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you have high blood pressure?
ልዑል ጸቕጢ ደም ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
ምስዚ ዝኸይድ ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ ኣሎካ ዲዩ፥
do you know what symptoms she was having?
እንታይ ዓይነት ምልክታት ከም ዘለዋ ፈሊጥካ ዲኻ፥
do your relatives have the same symptoms
ኣዝማድካ ሓደ ዓይነት ምልክታት ኣለዎም ዲዩ
do you see the image?
ነቲ ስእሊ ሪኢኻዮዶ፥
drink plenty of fluids today
ሎሚ ብዙሕ ፈሳሲ ስተ
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
ደረቅ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ኣሎኒ፡ ዝሑልን ፈሳሲ ዘለዎን ውጽኣት ድማ
however i take tests for the diabetes
እንተኾነ ናይ ሕማም ሽኮር መርመራ ጌረ ኔረ፥
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
እንተኾነ ምስዚ ናተይ ዝመሳሰል ምልክታት ኣለዋ
how high is your fever?
እቲ ረስኒ ክሳብ ክንደይ ልዒሉ ኣሎ፥
how' s your blood pressure?
ጸቅጢ ደምካ ከመይ ኣሎ፥
i don't think i have high blood pressure
ልዑል ጸቕጢ ደም ዘሎኒ ኣይመስለንን
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
ኣብ ኣፍልበይ ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ፡ ኣብዚ ኣብ ፊት ክፋል ናይ ኣፍልበይ
if you continue to have high fevers
ልዕል ረስኒ ከም ዘለዎ እንተቀጺሉ
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
እንተደኣ ረስኒ ክሳብ ሚእቲ ዝበጽሕ ከምኡ’ውን ክልተ ወይ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
እንተደኣ እቶም ምልክታትካ ወይ ጸገማትካ ምኽንያት ብጽቡቕ ምርኣይካ ከም ዝኾኑ እንተሓሲብካ
i got a fever yesterday
ትማሊ ረስኒ ጀሚሩኒ
i got a slight fever too
ብውሑድ ዓቀን ረስኒ ኣሎኒ
i had a fever yesterday
ትማሊ ረስኒ ኔሩኒ።
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
ኣብ ኣፍልበይ ቅልጡፍ ሓጺር ቃንዛ ተሰሚዑኒ
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
ኣብዚ ኣብ ኣፍልበይ ሕማቕ ቃንዛ ኣሎኒ
i have hay fever though too
እንተኾነ ግን ልዑል ረስኒ ኣሎኒ
i have made on the body around the chest area?
ኣብ ኣካላት ጌረ ኣለኩ፡ ኣብ ከባቢ ኣፍልበይ፥
i have some difficulty breathing too
ናይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገማት ውን ኣሎኒ
i'll send you an image
ስእሊ ክሰደልካ ኢየ
i'm having some chest pain today
ሎሚ መዓልቲ ገለ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣሎኒ
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
ሎሚ ርእሰይ ሓሚመ ኣለኹ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ረስኒ ኣሎኒ
in my opinion it is flu
ከም ሓሳበይ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ኢዩ
in my opinion this is a little flu
ከም ሓሳባተይ እዚ ንእሽተይ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ኢዩ
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ካብ ማእከል ናይ ኣፍልብኻ ናብ ክሳድካ ክኸይድ ርኤዮ
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
ሓደ ገዚፍ ሰብ ኣብ ኣፍልብኻ ኮፍ ዝበለ ኮይኑ ዲዩ ዝስመዓካ ዘሎ፥
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
ኩሉ ምስቲ ሕማም ርእሲን ረስኒን ኣብ ሓደ ሰዓት ኢዩ ጀሚሩ
it hurts in the chest
ኣብ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣለዎ
it hurts in the middle of my chest
ኣብ ማእከል ናይ ኣፍልበይ የቐንዝወኒ
it is a pressure like chest pain
ጸቅጢ ኢዩ፡ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ዝመስል
it is in my chest
ኣብ ኣፍ ልበይ ኢዩ
it is in the center of my chest
ኣብ ማእከል ኣፍልበይ ኢዩ ዘሎ
it is in the center of the chest
ኣብ ማእከል ኣፍልቢ ኢዩ ዘሎ
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
ልክዕ ኣብ ማእከል ኣፍልበይ ኢዩ ዝኽሰት ዘሎ
it is right in the center of my chest
ጽቡቕ ኣሎ፡ ኣብ ማእከል ናይ ኣፍ-ልበይ
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
ዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነት ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ወይ ጉንፋዕ ከም ዘለካ ኢዩ ዝመስል ዘሎ
i've got pain in my chest
ኣብ ኣፍ ልበይ ቃንዛ ኣሎኒ
i've very concerned of this chest pain
በዚ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣዝየ ፈሪሐ ኣለኹ
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
ነዚ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ጌርካ ክትነግረኒ ይደሊ ኣለኹ
i will send you an image
ስእሊ ክሰደልካ ኢየ
i will send you an image on your screen
ስእሊ ኣብ ስክሪንካ ክሰደልካ ኢየ
like high blood pressure or diabetes
ተመሳሳሊ ናይ ልዕል ጸቕጢ ደም ወይ ሕማም ሽኮር
like right in the center of the chest
ከምዚ ልክዕ ኣብ ማእከል ኣፍልቢ
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
ዝበዝሐ ግዜ እዚ ዓይነት ቃንዛ ኣፍልቢ ኢዩ
my sister has similar symptoms
ሓፍተይ ተመሳሳሊ ምልክታት ኣለዋ
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
ሕጂ ነቲ ረስኒ፡ ፈውሲ ረስኒ መድሃኒት (tachipirina sweet) ክትወስድ ትኽእል ኢኻ
now i send you an image
ሕጂ ስእሊ ሰዲደ ኣለኹ
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
ሕጂ፡ ሜሪ፡ እዞም ምልክታት ንክንደይ መዓልቲ ተራእዮም ኣባኺ
now you said you have a chest pain
ሕጂ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ከም ዘለካ ትነግር ኣሎካ
occasionally i have some chest pain
ሕልፍ ሕልፍ ኢሉ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ኣሎኒ
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
ሐራይ፡ ዝኾነ ካልእ ምልክታት ኣሎካ ዲዩ፡ ካብ ቃንዛ ወጻኢ ጥራይ
or if you have high blood pressure
ወይ ልዑል ጸቕጢ ደም እንተሎካ፥
or somebody sitting on your chest?
ወይ ዝኾነ ኣብ ኣፍልብኻ ኮፍ ዝበለ፥
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ፡ ሓደ ዓይነት ምስ ረስኒን ከምኡ’ውን ሰዓል፡ ሕማም ርእሲን ረስኒን
right in the middle of my chest
ልክዕ ኣብ ማእከል ናይ ኣፍልበይ
show me on this image where you feel the pain
ኣብቲ ስእሊ፡ ኣበየናይ ቦታ ቃንዛ ይስመዓካ ከም ዘሎ ንገረኒ
since you have a fever
ረስኒ ክሳብ ዘለካ
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
ስለዚ፡ ገለ ካብዞም ምልክታት ምስ ጥንሲ ምትሕሓዝ ኣለዉ ኢልካ ትኣምንዶ፥
so your chest pain started this morning
ስለዚ፡ እቲ ናይ ኣፍልቢኻ ቃንዛ ናይ ንግሆ ጀሚሩካ
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
ስለዚ፡ ደቅኻ ገለ ካብቶም ሓደ ዓይነት ምልክታት ኣለዎም፥
tell me about your chest pain
ብዛዕባ ናይ ኣፍልብኻ ቃንዛ ንገረኒ
the fever increases at night
እቲ ረስኒ ኣብ ግዜ ለይቲ ይውስኽ
the fever i've had for the last two days
ካብ ዝሓለፋ ክልተ መዓልቲ ጀሚሩ እቲ ረስኒ ኣሎኒ
the fever started to increase last night
ዝሓለፈ ምሸት እቲ ረስኒ ክውስኽ ጀሚሩ
the fever started two days ago
እቲ ረስኒ ቅድሚ ክልተ መዓልቲ ጀሚሩ
the muscle pains with the hay fever
ናይ ጭዋዳ ቃንዛ ምስ ልዕል ረስኒ
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
እዚ ዶክተር ፖርተር ኢዩ፡ ኣብ ክፍሊ ኢመርጀንሲ ትሪያግ ማእከል
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
ስለዚ፡ ብዛዕባ ቃንዛ ኣፍልብኻ ዝስመዓካ ቁሩብ ክትገልጸለይ ምኽኣልካዶ፥
well from my point of view it is a little flu
ከምዝተረደኣኒ ሰዓል/ጉንፋዕ ክኸውን ኣለዎ
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
ስለዚ፣ ኣብ ፊት ኣካላተይ ኣብዚ ኣፍልበይ ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
ጽቡቕ፡ ኣብ ኣፍልበይ ብርቱዕ ቃንዛ ይስመዓኒ ኣሎ
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
ጽቡቕ፡ ወይዘሮ፡ ነቲ ምልክታትኪ ብምስማዕ፡ ሓደ ካብቶም ናይ ጉንፋዕ ቫይረሳት ሒዙኪ ዘሎ ኢዩ ዝመስል
well when i have that pain in my chest
ግርም፡ እዚ ቃንዛ ኣብ ኣፍልበይ ምስተሰመዓኒ
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
እንታይ ዓይነት ቃንዛ ኣብ ኣፍ ልብኻ ይስመዓካ ኣሎ
when this chest pain started?
እዚ ናይ ኣፍልብኻ ቃንዛ መዓስ ጀሚሩካ፥
where do you have the pain in the chest?
እቲ ቃንዛ ኣብ ኣፍልብካ ይስመዓካ ኣሎ ዲዩ
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
ኣበይ ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ይስመዓካ ኣሎ እዚ eel ኣፍልቢ t
you are probably having chest pain
ናይ ኣፍልቢ ቃንዛ ክህልወካ ኣለዎ
you feel like tightness on your chest
ኣብ ኣፍልንኻ ዝኾነ ውጥሪ ዝመስል ይስመዓካ ኣሎ
you know i got diabetes and stuff
ሕማም ሽኮርን ግዛዕን ከም ዘሎኒ ትፈልጥ ኢኻ
you said you're having this chest pain
እዚ ቃንዛ ኣፍልቢ ከም ዘለካ ተዛሪብካ
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
ቅልጡፍ ምውሳኽል ናይ ሕማም ኮሮና-ቫይረስ (ኮቪድ-19) ኣብ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን፡ ካብ 1 ጥሪ ክሳብ 15 መጋቢት 2020።
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
እቲ እክብካብ ጽልዋ ናይ ሕማም ኮሮናቫይረስ (ኮቪድ-19) ኣብተን ናይ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ኢኮኖምያዊ ከባቢ`ውን ሓደ ዓይነት ኣንፈት/ምልክት ኢዩ ዝገብር ዘሎ፡ ኣብተን ሃገራት ብምምርካስ ግን ብ ዝተፈላለየ ደረጃ፡ እዚ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ለበዳ ብናህሪ ናብ ኩለን ሃገራት ይላባዕ ኣሎ።
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
ኣብቲ ናይ ጣልያን ተመክሮ ምርኩስ ብምግባር፡ ሆስፒታላትን ናይ ክንክን ክፍሊታትን ነቲ ዝዓበየ ብዝሒ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ካብ ሕጂ ክዳለዋሉ ኣለወን፡ እዚ ድማ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክንን ብፍላይ ድማ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ይሓትት።
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ 31 ታሕሳስ 2019 ክላስተራት ሕሙማት ነድሪ ሳንቡእ ኣብ ዉሃን ኣውራጃ Hubei ቻይና ተረኺቦም እዮም።
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
ብ 9 ጥሪ 2020 ማእከል ምቊጽጻርን ምክልኻልን ሕማማት ቻይና እቲ ነዚ ሕማም ዘኸትል ቫይረስ Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ከም ዝኾነ ጸቢጺቡ።
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
እዚ ብ ሕማም ተላገብ SARS-COV-2 ካብዚ ንደሓር COVID-19 ዝብል ስም ተዋሂብዎ እዩ።
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
ክሳብ ሎሚ ዘሎ መርትዖ 80% ካብቶም COVID-19 ዘለዎም ሰባት ቅልል ዝበለ ምልክታት ማለት ኒሞንያ ይሃልዎ ኣይሃልዎ ከም ረኽሲ ትቦ መተንፈሲ ዝሕዞ ኮይኑ ቀልጢፉ ናይ ምሕዋይ ኲነታት ይህሉ።
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
14% ካብ ጉዳያት COVID-19 ናብ ሆስፒታል ምድቃስ ዘምርሕ ጽኑዕ ሕማም ከም ዝማዕበለን 6% ዝኾኑ ድማ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ናብ ዘድልዮ ጽኑዕ ሕማም ኣጋጢምዎም።
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
መጠነ ሞት ናይቶም ተሓከምቲ ልኹፋት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 4% ኢዩ።
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
ኣብዚ መጽናዕቲ ንእኩብ ኣጋጣሚታት COVID-19 ኣብ ነፍሲወከፍ ሃገር EU/EEA (ኤውሮጳ ሕብረት/ኤውሮጳዊ ቁጠባዊ ዞባ) ከምኡውን ብሪጣንያን ብምርኣይ ምስ ኣውራጃ Hubei ናይ ቻይና ከነወዳድሮ ኢና።
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
ሕሉው ቑጽሪ ናይ ሕሙማት ኣብ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ምስ ናይ ጥልያን ልኹፋት፡ ካብ 31 ጥሪ 15-መጋቢት 2020፡ ኣነጻጺርና።
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
ሕማም COVID-19 ኣብ ሃገራት EU/EEA ከምኡውን ብሪጣንያ
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
ን ቻይና ብምክታል፡ ኮቪድ-19 ሰፊሕ ጀኦግራፍያዊ ቦታ ሸፊኑ ከምኡውን ምንቅስቃስ ናይ ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ዝተረፈ ክፋል ዓለም ናይ ቻይና መልክዕ ብምሓዝ የስፋሕፍሕ ኣሎ፡፡
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
ኣብ መጋቢት 11 ናይ 2020፡ ዳይረክቶር ጀነራል ወይ ሓላፊ ናይ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) ን ኮቪድ-19 ለበዳ ብምባል ጸዊዕዎ።
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
ብመሰረት ምትርጓም ሕማማት ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO ) ኣብ ናይ መጋቢት 5 ሕታሙ ዩሮሰርቬይላንስ 2020 ስፒተሪን ካልኦትን: ናይ ፈለማ ናይ ኣውሮጳ ምዃኑ እተረጋገጸ ሕሙም ናይ COVID-19 ረኺቦም።
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን፡ 24,ጥሪ 2020 ናይ መጀመርያ ሰለስተ ልኹፋት ግዳያት ኣብ ፈረንሳ ተረኺቦም፡ እዞም ልኹፋት ካብ ከተማ ዉሃን ኣውራጃ ሁበይ ቻይና ዝተመልሱ ኢዮም።
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
ክሳብ 15 መጋቢት 2020፡ ግዳያት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ኩለን 30 ናይ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት ሃገራት (EU/EEA countries) ተረኺቡ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ፡ ኣብ መንጎ ዕለት 31 ታሕሳስ 2019 ከምኡ`ውን ነታ መዓልቲ ዘጠቃለለ፡ 39,768 ግዳያት ከምኡ`ውን 1,727 ሞት ተመዝጊቡ፡ ካብዚኣቶም ድማ 17,750 ግዳያት ከምኡ`ውን 1,441 ሞት፡ ካብ ጣልያን ኢዮም።
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
ነቲ ድምር ቁጽሪን፡ ድምር ፍጻሜታት/ተርእዮታት ናይ ግዳያት ኮቪድ-19፡
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
ኣብቲ ኤውሮጳዊ ማእከል ናይ ምክልኻልን ምቁጽጻራትን ሕማማት (ECDC)፡ ቁጽሪ ናይ ተለከፍቲ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ዓለም ሙሉእ ምስ ግዜ ይቆቅርን ይውስኽን፡ እዚ ሓበሬታ ድማ ካብቲ ወግዕዊ ሚኒስትሪታት ናይ ጥዕና፡ ከባብያዊ ናይ ጥዕና ማእከል፡ ከምኡ`ውን ወከልቲ ናይ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም ብዝሃብዎ ሓበሬታ ኢዩ ዝሰርሕ፡ እዚ ጸብጻብ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ መዓልቲ መዓልቲ 8 ንግሆ ይሕደስ።
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
እዚ ጸብጻብ ን ሓቅታት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ንምምርማር ጠቂሙ፡ ምስ ናይ ጣልያን ውን ተነጻጺሩ።
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
ከም ውክልና ናይ ምግሃድ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያት፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ 14 መዓልታት ድምር ናይ ተጋጥሞታት ግዳያት ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያት ጸብጺብና፡ ስለዚ ነቲ ባህርያዊ ጠንቂ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ግምት ብምእታው፡ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ሃገራት ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን፡ ኣብ ውሽጢ 1 ጥሪ- 15 መጋቢት 2020 ዘሎ ግዜ።
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
ነቲ ድምር ቁጽሪ ናይቶም ዝተሓበሩ ግዳያት ክሳብ 15 መጋቢት 2020፡ 8.00 ቅ.ቀ ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ፡ ምስቲ ናይ ጥልያን ካብ 31 ጥሪ-15 መጋቢቲ 2020 ዘሎ ግዜ ብምንጽጻር ኢዩ።
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
ተርእዯታት COVID-19 ኣብ EU/EEA ን ብሪጣንያን
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
እቶም ኣብ 14-መዓልቲ ዘለዉ ምዕባለታ፡ ድምር ቁጽርታት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያት ኣብ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረት ሃገራት (EU/EEA countries)፡ ከምኡውን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ፡ ን ኣውራጃ ሁበይ ተኸቲለን(ቻይና)(ስእሊ 1)።
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
ኣብ EU/EEA ክምኡ’ውን ብሪጣንያ ድምር/ጠቅላላ-ብዝሒ ናይ ሕሙማት ካብ 21 ለካቲት ንደሓር COVID-19 ክውስኽ ምጅማሩን ኣብ ከባቢ ለካትት 28 2020 ብናህሪ ምውሳኽ ኣርእዩ (ተወሳኺ ንጥረ ነገራት)።
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
እዚ በቲ ዝበዝሐ ቅልጡፍ ምውሳኽ ናይ ቁጽሪ ልኹፋት ኣብ ዓዲ ጥልያን ዝረአ ዘሎ ኢዩ ዝምራሕ፡ እንተኾነ ኩለን ካልኦት ሃገራት ናይ ኤውሮጳዊ ሕብረትን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ተመሳሳሊ ምውሳኽ ብምርኣየን ነቲ ድምር ምውሳኽ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣንሂርዎ (ሓጋዚ ንብረት/ሓበሬታ)።
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
ስእሊ 2 ኣብ ሃገራት EU/EEA (ኣውሮጳዊ ሕብረትን ቀጽሪ ኣውሮጳዊ ቁጠባን) ብሪጣንያን ዘሎ እኩብ ኣሃዝ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ምስቲ ካብ 31 ጥሪ ክሳብ 15 መጋቢት 2020 ኣብ ሃገረ ጣልያን ዝነበረ መጠን ለበዳ ዘወዳድር እዩ።
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
ኣብ 15 መጋቢት ሰዓት 8:00 ቅድሚ ቀትሪ 15 ካልኦት ሃገራት EU/EEA ከምኡውን ብሪጣንያ ቅድሚ 3 ሳምንታትን ወይ ቅድሚኡ ኣብ ሃገረ ኢጣልያ ምስ ዝነበረ ዝወዳደር ኣሃዝዊ ጸብጻብ ግዳያት ኣቕሪቦም እዮም።
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
ውጽኢትና ከም ዘነጽሮ፡ ብዝሒ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ግዳያት ኣብ ) ኣብ ሕብረት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን ብቅልጡፍ ይውስኽ ኣሎ።
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
ኣብ ድንገታት COVID-19 ዝተዋህልሉ ኣጋጣሚታት ከም ዘመልክትዎ እዚ ሕማም ብተመሳሳሊ ናህሪ ኣብ ኲለን ሃገራት ይላባዕ ኣሎ።
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
እዚ ድማ ወላካ ሃገራት ኣብ ዝተፈላለየ ደረጃ ይሃልዋን፡ ዝተፈላለየ ግብረመልሲ ይሃባን፡ ከምኡውን ዝተፈላለየ ናይ ግዳያት መግለጺ ይሃባን፡ ዝተፈላለየ ኣገባብ/ፕሮቶኮል ብምጥቃም ኮቪድ-19 ዝምርመሩ ዝምርመሩ ይምረጻ (ነቲ ናይ ምክትታል መርመራ ዘጠቃለለ)።
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
ኣብ ፈለማ ወርሒ መጋቢት 2020 ኣብ ብሕማም ዝተጠቕዐ ከባብታት ኢጣልያ ዝዓዩ ዶክተራት ነቲ ኩነታት እንክግልጽዎ 10% ኣብ ሕሙማት COVID-19 ጽዑቕ ክንክን ከም ዝድልዮም እንተኾነ ግና ብመሰረት ጸብጻባት ሚድያ: ኣሃዱታት ጽዑቕ ክንክን ብሰብ መሊአን ምንባረን የምልክታ።
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
ጸብጻባት ሓበሬታ ናይ ግዳያት ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ ሆስፒታላት ከምኡውን/ወይውን ክፍሊ ጽዑቕ ክንክን፡ ናይዚ ሕጂ እዋን ብኤውሮጳ ደራጃ ናይ 6% ን 1% ግዳያት ጥራይ ኣብዚ ረኣይ ፡፡
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
እንተኾነ፡ ነዚ ናይ ህሉው ምክትታል ናይ ሓበሬታ ጸብጻብ ንምቕራብ፡ ብንጹር ቁጽሪ ናይ ምዉታትን ልኹፋትን ዘተኮረ ሓበሬታ`ውን ንምቕራብ፡ ሓደ ሲስተማቲካዊ ጥበብ ናይ ምእካብ ሓበሬታ ክስራሕ ኣለዎ።
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
ኣብ 2010-11 ዝተኻየደ መጽናዕቲ ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ፍልልይ ዘለዎ ናይ ጽዑቅ ክንክንን ህላውነት ዓራትን ኣብ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳ ተራእዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ጀርመን 29.2 ን 100,000 ብዝሒ ናይ ህዝቢ ክኸውን እንከሎ፡ ኣብ ፖርቱጋል ድማ 4.2 ትርእይ ኔሩ።
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
አዚ ማለት ሃገራት ካብ ናይ ጣልያን ዝበዝሕ ወይ ዝውሕድ ጸጋትት ክህልወን ይኽእል እዩ (ኣብ 2010-11 12.5 ናይ ጽዑቕ ክንክንን ማእከላይ ክንክንን ዓራውቲ ን 100000 ህዝቢ እዩ ኔሩ)።
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
ናይ ንድፊ ኣምር፥ ምስ ዝቕባበ ዓቕሚ ክንክን ጥዕና ነፍሲወከፍ ሃገር EU/EEA (ሕብረት ኤውሮጳ) ከምኡውን ብርጣንያ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ናይ ዝእለዩ ሕሙማት COVID-19፡ ምስ a &gt ብዝተሓሓዝ፡ 90% ሓደጋ ናይ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ዓራት ዓቀን ኣብ ሻዱሻይ ምሕዳስ ናይ ECDC ቅልጡፍ ምሕደራ ሓደጋ ኣብ COVID-19 ተዋሂቡ።
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
ብዙሓት ግዳያት ኣብ ገለ ክፋላት ናይ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ዓባይ ብሪጣንያን፡ ከምኡ`ውን ሆስፒታላትን ጽዑቅ ክንክን ዝህብ ክፍሊን፡ ዝበዝሐ ግዜ ፍሉጥ ዝኾነ ቁጽሪ ዘለዎ ቦታ ይሕዝ፡ ሓበሬታ ብዛዕባ ግዳያትን ክፍሊ ጽዕቅ ክንክንን ኣብቲ ኒሞክለቸር (ናይ ስማ ምውሃብ መስርሕ) ናይ ከባብያዊ ክፍሊ ን ጸብጻብ ደረጃ 2 (NUTS-2) ክወሃብ ኣለዎ።
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
ካብ ጣልያን እተረኽበ ተመኲሮን ተርእዮ ካልኦት ሃገራት ከም ዘመልክቶ እዚ ሕማም COVID-19 ኣብ ሃገራት EU/EEA ከምእውን ብሪጣንያ የስፋሕፍሕ ኣሎ።
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
ሃገራት፡ ሆስፒታላትን ናይ ክንክን ማእከላትን ነቲ ቀጻሊ ምምሕልላፍ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ቫይረስ ክዳለዋ ኣለወን፡ ምውሳኽ ናይ ተሓከምቲ ኮቪድ-19 ድማ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ይሓትት፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ናይ ጥዕና፡ ከምቲ ኣብቲ ዝተጎደአ ክፋላት ናይ ጣልያን ዝተረኣየ።
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
ከምቲ ኣብ ናይ ቀረባ እዋን ECDC ከም እተመልከተ ቅልጡፍን ኣቐዲምካ ዝግበርን ኣጠቓላል ኣቀራርባ ዘለዎ ምግምግም ሓደጋ ንምድንጓይ ለበዳ SARS-COV-2 ኣዝዩ ሓጋዚ እዩ።ካብ ምዕጋት ናብ ምቁጽጻር ዝኸይድ ኣታሕዛ እዩ: ምኽንያቱ ምስ ምብዛሕ ሕሙማት ሆስፒታላት ነቲ ሕማም ብግቡእ ክርዳኦኦ ዋላኳ ቅድሚ ግዜ ኣየተግብራ ግብረመልሰን ከሰማምዓን እኹል ግዜ ከይህበን ይኽእል እዩ።
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
እቲ ቅልጡፍ ናይ ሓደጋ ምርምራት፡ ነቲ ህዝባዊ ናይ ጥዕና ተበግሶታት፡ ን ጽልዋ ናይ ለበዳ ክኣልዮ ይኽእል ኢሉ ገሚቱ ።
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
SARS-CoV-2 ንምቊጽጻር፡ ኣብ ክንክን ጥዕና ዘሎ ጸቕጢ ንምንካይን ሃገራት ገለ ናይ መስኮት ዕድል ክህልወን እዩ።
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
እዚ ብምውዳቑ፡ እቲ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ሲስተም ናይ ሃገራት ኤውሮጳን ካልኦት ሃገራትን ብዝሒ ዘለዎም ተሓከምቲ (ጽዕቅ ክንክን ናይ ጥዕና ዘድልዮም) ኣብ ዝመጽእ ሰሙን ውይ መዓልታት ክመጹ ትጽቢት ይግበር።
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
እዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ኮሮና-ቫይረስ 2019 (ኮቪድ-19)፡ በቲ ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሲንድሮመ (SARS) ኮሮናቫይረስ-2 (SARS-CoV-2), ዝስዕብ፡ ክሳብ ሕጂ ልዕሊ 3,000 ሰባት ቀቲሉ ኣ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ልዕሊ 80.000 ሰባት ኣብ ቻይናን ካልእ ክፋል ዓለምን ለኺፉ ኣሎ፡ በዚ ድማ ኣብ ደቂ-ሰባት መቅዘፍቲ ኢዩ ኣስዒቡ።
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
SARS-CoV ምስቲ ናቱ ዓሌት ተመሳሳሊ ዝኾነ ዓይነት ቫይረስ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብ 2003 SARS ኣብ ኣሽሓት ሰባት ኣስዒቡ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ መንካዕ`ውን ተመሓላሊፉ ክኸውን ይክእል ኢዩ፡ ብሓደ ዓይነት መስርሕ ድማ ሓደ ዓይነት ምልክታት ኣርእዩ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
እንተኾነ፡ ኮቪድ-19 ካብ SARS፡ ዝተሓተ ጉድኣትን ምጣነ-ሞትን ኣለዎ፡ እንተ ኾነ ዝለዓለ ናይ ምልባዕ ባህሪ ኣለዎ፡ ን ብዕደመ ዝደፍኡ ሰባት ድማ ካብ መንእሰያት ንላዕሊ የጥቅዕ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ን ደቂ-ተባዕትዮ ካብ ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ ንላዕሊ።
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
ከም ግብረመልሲ ናይቲ ብዛዕባዚ እናሰፍሐ ዝመጽእ ዘሎ ሕማም ዘጽሕያ ሕታማት እዛ ዓንቀጽ እዋናዊን ኣጠቓላሊን ገምጋም ናይዚ ብቕልጡፍ ዝምዕብል ዘሎ መጽናዕታዊ ኣርእስቲ ክትህብ እያ።
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
መሰረታዊ ኣምራት ባሀርያት እዚ ለበዳ፡ ጠንቂ፥ ባህሪ እቲ ቫይረስ፡መርመራ፡ ሕክምናን ምክልኻልን እዚ ሕማም ሸፈነ ክንህቦ ኢና።
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
ወላ`ካ ብዙሓት መልሲ ዘድልዮም ሕቶታት እንተለዉ፡ እዚ ምርምር/ትዕዝብቲ ኣብ ምርዳእን ምጥፋእን/ምድምሳስን ናይዚ ፈታኒ/ኣስጋኢ ሕማም ተራ ክጻወት ተስፋ ንገብር።
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
እቲ ናይ ጽድያ ፈስቲቫል ኣብ 25 ጥሪ, 2020፡ ንኩሎም እቶም ብሰንኪ ለበዳ ኖቨል ቫይረስ ኣብ ግዜ ዕረፍቲ ኣብ ገዛ ክዕጸዉ ዝተነግሩ ነበርቲ ቻይና፡ ዘይትርሳዕን ተራእዩ ወይ ተሰሚዑ ዘይፈልጥ ዝኽሪ ኢያ ገዲፋትሎም።
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
እዚ ቫይረስ ነቲ ኣብ 2003 ምልዓል ሕማም ምስትንፋስ (SARS) ዘስዓበ ቫይረስ ኮሮና ኣጸቢቑ ዝዛመድ ኮይኑ b 11 ለካቲት 2020 ብውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) SARS-CoV-2 ተባሂሉ ከም እተሰምየን ምስኡ ዝተኣሳሰር ሕማም ድማ ሕማም-19 (COVID-19) ተባሂሉ ከም እተጸውዐን ይፍለጥ።
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
እቲ ለበዳ ኣብ ዉሃን፡ ቻይና ተጀሚሩ፡ ብቅልጡፍ ድማ ናብ ምሉእ ክፋል ሃገር ተዘርጊሑን ናብ ካልእ 50 ሃገራት ዓለም ድማ ፋሕ ኢሉን።
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
ክሳብ መጋቢት 2,2020፡ እዚ ቫይረስ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ከባቢ 80,000 ሰባት ለኺፉ፡ ካብዝ ኢኣቶም ድማ ልዕሊ 40,000 ካብ ሕክምና ክወጹ እንከለዉ ልዕሊ 3000 ሰባት ድማ ሞይቶም።
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO)፡``1ይ ናይ ህዝቢ ጸላኢ`` ወላ`ውን ካብ ግብረ-ሽበራ ዝኸፍእ ክብል ኣጠንቒቑ።
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
ብ መሰረት ናይ PubMedwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), ኣብ ውሽጢ 2 ወርሒ፡ ን ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ዝምልከት ናይ ቫይሮሎጂ፡ አፒዶሞሎጂ፡ አቶሎጂ፡ ምሕካም፡ ከምኡውን ምክንኻን ካብቲ ናይ መጀመርታ ጸብጻብ ዝወጻሉ መዓልቲ ጥሪ 7,2020፡ መስርዕ ናይቲ ቫይረስ ካብ ብዙሓት ተሓከምቲ ዝተፈልየሉ መዕልቲ፡ ጀሚሩ 200 ጽሑፋት ተሓቲሞም ኣለዉ
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
እቲ ትዕዝብቲ/ትንታነ፡ ነቲ ናይ መጽናዕቲ ቀጻሊ መስርሕ ኣብቲ ሓድሽን ብናህሪ ዝዓቢ ዘሎ ዓውዲ ኣስተዋጽኦ፡ ክገብር ፈቲኑ።
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
ኣድላዪ ኣብ ዝኾነሉ ን COVID-19 ምስ SARS ን ካልእ CoV ዘስዓቦ ሕማማት እንተላይ ናይ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ሕማም ምስትንፋስ (MERS) ከነወዳድር ክንፍትን ኢና (2012)
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
ነቲ ብዛዕባ ምክልኻልን ምፍዋስን ናይዚ ሕማም ክሳብ ሕጂ ዝተመሃርናዮ ውን ክንዘራረበሉ ኢና፡ ከምኡ`ውን ካልእ ኣዝዮም ኣገደስቲ ቀልጢፎም ክምለሱ ዘለዎም ሕቶታት።
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
CoVs ከም ባህሊ: ን ደቂ-ሰባት: ከም ቀተልቲ ሕማም ክረኣዩ ከምዘይጸንሑን: ከምኡውን ኣስታት 15% ሰዓል 4 በዚ እዩ ዝኽሰት።
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
እንተኾነ ግና ኣብዚ ሚእቲ ዓመት ኣዝዮም ሓደገኛታትን ንሰብ ዘጥቅዑን: CoVs ከምኡውን MERS-CoV ፈለማ ኣብ 2003 ኣብ ቻይና ጸኒሑ ኣብ 2012 ኣብ ስዑዲ ዓረብያ ብተኸታታሊ ክልተሳዕ ተኸሲቶም: ሞትን ሕማምን ኣስዒቦም እዮም።
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
ስለዚ: እዚ ህሉው COVID-19: ሳልሳይ ናይ CoV ምስፍሕፋሕ ኣብ ሪከርድ ናይ ዓለምና ኢዩ።
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
ከምቲ ኣብ ስእሊ.ስእሊ.1.1, ዝረአ ዘሎ፡ እኩባት ናይ ኒሞንያ፡ ዘይፍሉጥ መበገሲ ዘለዎም፡ ኣብ 31 ታሕሳስ 2019 ኣብ ዉሃን ተራእዮም ድሕሪኡ ድማ፡ ናብ ናይ ቻይና ሃገራዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኮሚሽን ተሓቢሮም።
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
ድሕሪ 7 መዓልታት፡ እቲ መስርዕ (ሰክወንስ) ናይ CoV ወጽዩ።
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
ኣብ ጥሪ 15 2020፡ ናይ መጀመርያ ናይ ኦት ግዳይ ኣብ ዉሃን ተሓቢሩ።
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
ኣብቲ ግዜ እቲ፡ ለበዳ ብናህሪ ናብተን ጎረባብቲ ሃገራት ኣውራጃታትን ዓድታትን ተስፋሕፊሑ።
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
ኣብ ጥሪ 20፡ ምትሕልላፍ ናይዚ ሕማም ናብቶም ናይ ጥዕና ኣገልግሎት ዝህቡ ተሓቢሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ምምሕልላፍ ከም ዝከኣል ኣረጋጊጹ።
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
ኣብ ጥሪ 2፡ ከተማ ዉሃን ምስ ኩሉ ምዕጻው ናይ መጎዓዝያ፡ ኣብ ወሸባ ኣትያ።
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
ኣብ ጥሪ 24፡ ናይ መጀመርያ ክሊኒካዊ መጽናዕቲ ኣብቲ ሕማም ጸብጻብ ከምዘቅረቦ፡ ካብቶም 41 ልኹፋት ተሓከምቲ፡ እቶም 21 ጥራይ ቀጥታዊ ርክብ ምስቲ ናይ ዉሃን ናይ ባሕሪ መሸጢ ዕዳጋ(እቲ መጀመሪ ቦታ ናይዚ ተመሓላላፊ ሕማም ካብ ዘይተፈልጠ እንስሳ ብምንቃል)፡ ቐከም ዘለውፕም ገሊጹ።
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
ኣብ ጥሪ 30፡ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO) ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ፡ ዓለማዊ ናይ ጥዕና ኢመርጀንሲ ብምባል ኣዊጁ።
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
ኣብዚ ጸብጻብ እንህበሉ ዘለና እዋን፡ እዚ ሕማም ኣብ መላእ ቻይና ን 50 ካልኦት ሃገራትን ዓለምን ተዘርጊሑ ኢዩ (ስእሊ. ​(ስእሊ.2).2)።
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
እዚ ኩነታት ብናህሪ ይምዕብል ብምህላዉ፡ ሳዕቤንን ጉድኣትን ናይዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ክፍለጥን ክግምገምን ኣይከኣልን።
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
ኣብ ለካቲት 11, 2020፡ ሓደ ናይ ብዙሕነት ናይ መጽናዕቲ ማእከል ኣብ 8,866 ተሓከምቲ ኣብ ዝገበሮ መጽናዕቲ ፡ ን 4021 ልኹፋት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ተሓከምቲ ዝሓቆፈ፡ ከምዚ ኣብ ታሕቲ ተዘርዚሩ ዘሎ ዝተሓደሰ ሓበሬታ ኣብዚ ረአ (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA)።
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ኩሉ ክልል ዕድመ ዘለዉ ሰባት የጥቕዕ፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ ክሊ 30-65 ዘለዉ።
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
ዳርጋ ፍርቒ (47.7%) ካብቶም ልኹፋት ውልቀ-ሰባት ልዕሊ 50 ዓመት ኢዮም ኔሮም፡ ውሑዳት ትሕቲ 20 ዓመት፡ 14 ልኹፋት ውልቀሰባት ድማ ትሕቲ 10 ዕድሚኦም።
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
SARS-CoV-2 ካብ ደቀንስትዮ (0.27/100000) ንላዕሊ ንደቀተባዕትዮ (0.31/100000) ይልብድ።
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
ኮቪድ-19 ብ ጉጅለ ኣብ ውሽጢን ወጻኢን ናይ ከተማ ሁበይ ተዘርጊሑ።
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
COVID-19 ብማእከላይ ገምጋም ካብ ምፍላም ክሳብ መርመራ 5(2-9) መዓልታት ይወስድ።
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
እቲ ማእከላይ ገምጋም ናይ ምሕቃፍ ግዜ 4.8 (3.0-7.2) መዓልታት ኔሩ።
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
እቲ ማእከላይ ግዜ ካብ ዝጅምረሉ ክሳብ ሞት 9.5 (4.8-13) መዓልታት ኔሩ።
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
እቲ መሰረታዊ ናይ ምፍርይ ቊጽሪ (R0) 3.77 (95% CI; 3.51-4.05) ከምኡውን እቲ ዝተመዓራረየ R0 2.23-4.82 እዩ ኔሩ።
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
ክሳብ 23 ጥሪ 2020፡ ብዝሒ ናይቶም ዝተለኽፉ ሰባት ብዓቢ ዓቀን ይውስኽ ኣሎ፡ እዚ ድማ ምስቲ ጽቕጥጥቅጥ ናይ መጎዓዝያ ቅድሚ ናይ ጽድያ ፈስቲቫል ኣብ ቻይና፡ ይዛመድ ኢዩ።
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
ዝተረጋገጸ ሕማም ናይ ዘለዎም መጠነ ሞት 1.44% (95%CI: 1.10-1.86% ) ኮይኑ እቲ ምዕሩይ መጠነ ሞት ኩሎም ሕሙማት 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59) እዩ።
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
ሰለስተ ዓበይቲ ረቛሒታት COVID-19 ጾታ (ደቂተባዕትዮ)ን ዕድመ (60ን ልዕሊኡን) ከምኡውን ሕማም ሳንቡእ እዮም።
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
CoVs ንኡስ-ስድራቤት ናይቲ ዓብን ዝተሸፈነን ቫይረስ ኮይኑ፡ ንጽል ክፋል (strand) ናይ ሰንስ ኣር ኢን ኤ (sense RNA) ድማ ይሽፍን።
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
ናብ ኣርባዕተ ክፍልታት ክፈላለዩ ይኽእሉ፡ እዚ ድማ፡ ኣልፋ (alpha)፡ ቤታ (beta)፡ ጋማ (gamma)፡ ከምኡውን ደልታ (delta)፡ ካብዚኣቶም ድማ ኣልፋን-በታ-CoVs (alpha- and beta-CoVs) ምስ ሰባት ርክብ ዘለዎም ኢዮም።
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
envelop spike (S) celllar receptors angiotensin-converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) ከምኡውን dipeptdyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) ን SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoVብተኸታታሊ ጸኒሑ ድማ ምውህሃድ መምብረን ይኽሰት።
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
እዚ ቫይረሳዊ RNA ጂኖም (genome) ናብ (cytoplasm) ይነዝዕ፡ ድሕሪ ምብዛሕ ናይ ቫይረሳዊ ጂኖም (genome)፡ ጂኖማዊ (genomic) RNA ብ ሰታሪት ብምስናይ ግሊኮፕሮቲን (glycoproteins)ን ኒክሊሳይድ ፕሮቲንን (nucleocapsid proteins) ነቲ virion-containing ቨሲክልስ (vesicles) ይፈጥሮ፡ ጸኒሑ ድማ ምስ ፕላስማ መምጽረይን ()plasma membrane ይጻመድ/ይሕወስ ነቲ ቫይረስ ክለቆ
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
ቀዳማይ ጀነቲካዊ ቅርጺ SARS-COV-2 ኣብ 10 ጥሪ 2020 እዩ ተፈሊጡ።
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 ካብ 10 ተኸታተልቲ ቅምሶታት ወይ ሳምፕላት 99.98% ጀነቲካዊ መንነት ዘለዎ ሓድሽ ዓይነት beta-CoV ኮይኑ ካብቲ እቲ ሕማም ፈለማ ኣተራእየሉ ኣብ ዉሃን ዝርከብ Huanan Seafood Market እዩ።
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 ካብ MERS-CoV ንላዕሊ፡ ምስ SARS-CoV ጀነቲካዊ ምምስሳል ኣለዎ።
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
ብ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ አለክትሮም ሚክሮስቾፒ፡ ክፋላት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ኡልትራቲን ክፋል ኣብ ወዲ-ሰብ ኣኢርወይ አፒተሊኡም ተረኺቡ።
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
ናይ ወዲ-ሰብ ACE2 ተቀባሊ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ን SARS-CoV ሙካኑ ተፈሊጡ።
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
እንተኾነ እቲ S ፕሮቲን ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ወዲ-ሰብ ACE2 ብዉሑድ ደረጃ ዝተሓሓዝ ምስ SARS-CoV ብምዝማድ፡ እዚ ምስቲ SARS-CoV-2 ካብ SARS-CoV ዝተሓተ ደረጃ ዘለዎ ሓደጋ ኣብ ተለከፍቲ የውርድ ዝብል ይጋጠም።
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 ብ Orf3b ዝተሻፈረ ሓድሽ ሓጺር ፕሮቲን ብ Orf8 ኮድ ዝረዋህበ: ክፈጥር ይኽእል እዩ።
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
እቲ orf3b ናይ SARS-COV-2 ኣብ ቫይረሳዊ ሕማማትን ምዕጋት IFNβ ተራ ክጻወት ይኽእል እዩ; ይኹንምበር orf8 ፍሉጥ ዝዓየሉ ግዝኣትን ድርኽኺትን የብሉን።
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
ኣብ 18 ለካቲት 2020, ዝሆን ካልኦትን (Zhou, et al.) ናይ cryo-EM ቅርጺ ኣብ ምሉእ ቁመት ናይ ወዲ-ሰብ ACE2 ኣብ 2.9 Å ምስጻርን ኮምፕለክስ ምስ ኣሚኖ ኣሲድ መጋዓዝያ B0AT1፡ ጸብጻብ ኣቅሪቦም።
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
እዚ ዝተረኽቡ ኮምፕክስ ክፉትን ዕጹውን ኣሰራርሓ ዘለዎ ኮይኑ፡ ከም ዲመርን ACE2-B0AT1 ን ክልተ S ፕሮቲናት ዝሓዘ ኮይኑ ተጠርኒፉ፡ ነቲ ናይ CoV ተፈላጥነትን ምትሕልላፋትን ድማ መረጋገጺ የቅርበሉ።
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
B0AT1 ኣንፈት ናይ መድሃኒት ክህበና ወይኢውን ባዕሉ መድሃኒት ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ SARS-CoV-2 ለበዳ ንምግታእ ኢዩ።
The origin and intermediate host
እቲ መበቆልን ማእከላይ ኣኣንጋዲ
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
ክሊቲኦም SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV፡ ካብ መንካዕ ከም ዝተበገሱን ብ ሲቨትን ገመልን ድማ ናብ ወዲ-ሰብ ከም ዝተመሓላለፉን ተፈሊጡ ኢዩ።
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
ብ ናይ ፋይሎገነቲክ ምንጽጻር ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ፡ ምስ ካልኦት CoVs፡ መንካዕ ከም መበገሲ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ተገሚተን፡ እዚ ድማ 96% ምስቲ ናይ ቅድሚ ሕጂ ካብ መንካዕ ዝተበገሰ SARS-like CoVs ካብ መንካዕ bat-SL-CoVZX45 ን bat-SL-CoVZX21 ምምስሳል ስለ ዘለዎ ኢዩ።
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
እንተኾነ፡ እቲ ኣኣንጋዲ ብኸመይ ነቲ ቫይረስ ናብቲ ናይ ስፒሽስ ክፋል ነጢሩ ንኽኣቱን ንሰባት ክለኽፎምን ከም ዝሕግዞ ኣይተፈልጠን፡ እቲ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ መንገዲ ውን ብሕጂ ኢዩ ክድህሰስ።
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
ጂ ን ካልኦትን (Ji, et al.,)፡ ን ተመን ከም መመሓላለፊ ናይቲ ቫይርስ ካብ መንካዕ ናብ ሰብ ብምግባር፡ ነቲ ናይ S ፕሮቲን ሆሞሎጎዝ ምትሕውዋስ ፈጢሮም።
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
ብመሰረት ኣብ ጉዋንዙ ቻይና ዝተገብረ መጽናዕትታት፡ ፓንጎሊን--ነዊሕ ኣፍንጫ፡ በላዕቲ ጻጸ ዝኾኑ መጥበውቲ ሓደ ሓደ ኣብ ግዜ ባህላዊ ፍወሳ ናይ ቻይና ይጥቀሙ ኢዮም (እዚኦም ድማ ከም ቀንዲ ኣኣንገድቲ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ፡ 99% ገነቲካዊ ምምስሳል ናይ CoV ኣብ ፓንጎሊን ን SARS-CoV-2 ተረኺቡ )።
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
እንተኾነ ግና ኣብ ክልተ genomes ዝህሉ ናይ 1% ፍልልይ ዓብዪ ፍልልይ ስለዝኾነ ደምዳሚ ውጽኢት ንጭቡጥ መርትዖ ገለ ትጽቢት ይሓትት እዩ (ስእሊ 33)።
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
ፍዝዮከሚክላዊ ባህርያት SARS-CoV-2 ዛጊት ብዙሕ ኣይተፈልጡን።
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can survive in vitro for 48 hours in a dry environment and up to 5 days under 20 °C and 40%-50% humidity.
SARS-CoV ን MeRS-CoV ን ኣብ vitro ን 48 ሰዓታት ኣብ ድሩቕ ኣከባቢ ኣብ ካብ 40%-50% ጠሊ ኣብ ዘለዎን 20 ዲግሪ ሰልሴስን ከኣ ን 5 መዓልታት ክጸንሕ ይኽእል እዩ።
SARS-CoV-2 may possess similar properties.
SARS-CoV-2 ውን ተመሳሳሊ ምልክታት ክህልዎ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat at 56 °C for 30 minutes; ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, chloroform, and other fatty solvents, but not chlorhexidine, can effectively inactivate the virus.
ጸብጻባት ከም ዝሕብርዋ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ን ኡልትራ-ቫይለት ጩራ ብቅልጡፍ የለልዮ፡ ደረጃ ሙቀት 56 °C ን 30 ደቃይቅ ኣብ ዝህልወሉ፡ ነዚ ቫይረስ ምሉእ ብምሉእ ካብ ስራሕ ወጻ ኢ ክገብርዎ ዝኽእሉኬሚካላት እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኢዮም 75% ethanol, chlorine-ዝሓዘ መምከኒ, peracetic acid, chloroform, ከምኡ`ውን ካልኦት መሕቀቕቲ ስብሒ, እንተኾነ chlorhexidine ኣይቀትሎን ኢዩ።
The entire human population generally lacks immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and hence is susceptible to the novel virus.
እቲ መላእ ናይ ዓለምና ህዝቢ ሓፈሻዊ ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ን SARS-CoV-2 ስኢኑ፡ በዚ ድማ ነዚ ኖቨል ቫይረስ ቃልዕ ኢዩ።
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
ዛጊት ንግብረመልሲ ባህርያዊ ስርዓተ ምክልኻል SARS-CoV-2 ኣመልኪቱ ዝተገብረ ዝርዝራዊ መጽናዕቲ የለን።
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
ስለዚ፡ ነቲ ናይ ቀደም መጽናዕቲ ናይ CoVs፡ ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ዝተገብሩ መጽናዕትታት ጥራይ ኢና ከም መወከሲ ክንጥቕመሎም እንኽእል። (ስእሊ. ​(ስእሊ.4).4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
ብሓፈሻ ቫይረስ ንሰብ ምስ ወረሮ ብባህርያዊ ስርዓት ምክልኻል እቲ ሰብ ማለት pattern recognition receptors( PRRs) toll like receptors (TLR) NOD-like receptors (NLR), RIG-I-like RLR እዮም ዘለልይዎ።
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
ብዝተፈላለየ ኣገባባት ይኹን እምበር እዚ ቫይረስ ነድሪ ምዕባይ ዋህዮታት Dendritic ከምኡውን ውህደት type I interferons (IFNs) ግብረ-መልሲ ብምቕስቃስ ምልባዕ ናይቲ ቫይረስ ከምዝውሰንን መፍረ ጸረ ቫይረስ ተሃዋስያን macrophage phagocytes ከም ዝቀላጠፍን ይገብር።
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
እንተኾነ እቲ N ፕሮቲን ናይ SARS-CoV ነቲ ቫይረስ ካብቲ ናይ ምክልኻል ሲስተም ንከምልጥ ሓጋዚ ኔሩ።
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
ጸኒሑ፡ እቲ ኣዳፕቲቨ (adaptive) ናይ ምክልኻል ሲስተም ነቲ ቃልሲ ኣንጻር ቫይረስ ተሓዊስዎ።
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
T lymphocytes እንተላይ CD4+ን CD8+ን T ዋህዮታት ኣብ ምከልኻል ኣገዳሲ ተራ ኢዮም ዝጻወቱ።
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
CD4+ ዋህዮታት B ብምምንጫው ነቲ ቫይረስ ተባሂሎም ዝስርሑ ጸረ ጓና ኣካል የመንጭዉ እዮም።ዋህዮታት CD8+T ብቐጥት ቫይረስ ዝበከሎም ዋህዮታት ይቐትሉ።
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
T ሓገዝቲ ዋህዮታት ነቶም ተኸላኸልቲ ዋህዮታት ንምሕጋዝ ናይ ነድሪ ሳይቶካይንስ የፍርዩ።
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
እንተኾነ፡ CoV ነቲ ናይ T cell ስረሓት ክገትእዎ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም፡ እዚ ድማ ኣፖፖቲስ (apoptosis) T cell ብምፍራይ ኢዩ።
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
Humoral immunity እንተላይ ዝኣመሰሉ C3a ን C5a መማልእቲን: ባህርያዊ ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኣካልን ንመልከፍቲ እዚ ሕማም ንምክልኻል ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
ከም ኣብነት፡ ካብ ዝሕወዩ ተሓከምቲ ዝተነጸሉ ጸረ-ነፍሳት፡ ን MERS-CoV ካብ ስራሕሕ ወጻኢ ጌሮሞ።
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
ብኻልእ መገዲ፡ ልዕለ-ግብረ መልሲ ናይ ምክልኻል ሲስተም ብቁጽሪ ብዙሓት ነጻ ራዲካል የፍሪ፡ እዚኦም ከባብያዊ ደረጃ ን ሳንቡእን ካልኦት ህዋሳትን ከቢድ ጉድ ኣት ከውርዱ ይኽእሉ፡ ብዝገደደ ድማ ን ህዋሳት ካብ ስራሕ ወጻኢ ዜሮም ክሳብ ሞት ዘብጽሕ ሓደጋ ከውርዱ ይኽእሉ።
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
ለበዳ SARS-CoV-2 ብሓንሳብ ዝበዝሕ ኮይኑ ዝያዳ ን ሽማግለታትን ሕዱር ሕማም ዘለዎምን ነፍሰጾራትን የጥቅዕ፡።
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
ንብዙሕ ዝዓይነቶም ቫይረሳት እትቓልዑን ስርዓተ ባህርያዊ ምክልኻል ኣካላቶም ተሃስዩ ዝጸንሐን ሰባት በዚ ቫይረስ ናይ ምጥቓዕ ዕድሎም ዝዓበየ እዩ።
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
ናይ ጽፍያ ግዜ ናይ SARS-CoV-2: ካብ 1-14 መዓልታት መብዛሕታኡ ግዜ ድማ ብመሰረት ኣብ ዉሃን ኣብ 425 ሕሙማት ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ካብ 3-7 መዓልታት እዩ።
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
እንተኾነ፡ ኣብ 1,099 ግዳያት ብዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ፡ እቲ ናይ ምሕቃፍ ግዚያት ብሓፈሻ 3 መዓልታት ኔሩ፡ ካብ 0-24 መዓልታት ድማ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
ሓደሽ መጽናዕቲ ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ከምቲ ኣብ ላዕሊ ዝተጠቅሰ፡ እቲ ናይ ምንቃሕ ግዜ፡ ብመሰረት ደሞግራፊ ናይ 8,866 ሰባት፡ 4.8 (3.0-7.2) መዓልታት ኔሩ።
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
ሰብመዚ ጥዕና ምስ ምጽፋይ እዚ ቫይረስ ብዝሰማምዕ ኣገባብ ነቲ ናይ ውሸባ ግዜ ከዳልዉዎ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ እዩ።ከምዚ ጌሮም ነቶም ዝተለኽፉ ግና ምንም ምልክት ዘየርእዩ ሰባት ካብ መልከፍቲ ክከላኸሉሎም ይኽእሉ እዮም።
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
ከም ልሙድ ንጥፈታት፡ እቶም ብ ቫይረስ ዝተለኽፉ፡ ወይ ዝተቃልዑ፡ ን 14 መዓልታት ክውሸቡ ኣለዎም።
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
እዚ ናይ ውሸባ ግዜ ናብ 24 ሰዓት ክቅጽል ኣለዎ`ዶ ፥
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
ረስኒ ኣብ ገለ ግዚያት እቲ ቀንዲን ዝዓበየን ምልክት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ካልእ ምልክታት ኣብ ዘይህልወሉ ወይ ድማ ደረቅ ሰዓል፡ ሕጽረት ምስትንፋስ፡ ቃንዛ ናይ ጭዋዳ፡ ሕማም ርእሲ፡ ምስልቻው፡ ሕማም ጎሮሮ፡ ሪሆነራ፡ ቃንዛ ኣፍልቢ፡ ውጽ ኣት፡ ናውስያን ተምላስን ኣን ዝረኣየሉ ክከውን ይኽእል።
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
እቲ ሕማም ድሕሪ ምንታጉ ድሕሪ ሓደ ሰሙን ገለ ሕሙማት ናይ ዳይስፕኒያ ጸገም ኣጓኒፍዎም።
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
ኣብቲ ሓደገኛ ከይዝ (ጉዳይ)፡ እቶም ተሓከምቲ ፡ ከቢድ ምልክታት ናይ ሕማም ምስትንፋስ፡ ከርእዩ ጀሚሮም፡ ሕማቕ ነውጽ/ምንቅጥቃጥ፡ ልዕሊ ዓቀን ኣሲድ፡ ዝኣመሰለ ምልክታት ብቅልጡፍ የማዕብሉ።
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
ብርቱዕ ረስኒ ወይ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ምልክታት ዘለዎም ሕሙማት ዋላ’ውን ዘይንቡር ናይ ሳናቡእ ስእሊታት ኣብ ዘይብሉ ብእዋኑ መርመራ ኽገብሩ ይግብኦም እዩ።
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
ናይ ዲሞግራፊ (demographic) መጽናዕቲ ኣብ መወዳእታ ናይ 2019 ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ እቶም ሚእታዊት ናይ ምልክታት 98% ናይ ረስኒ, 76% for ደረቅ ሰዓል, 55% ናይ ዲስፊንያ (dyspnea), and 3% ናይ ውጽኣት ከምኡ`ውን 8% ካብቶ ሕምሙት ቨንቲላሽን የድልዮም።
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
ኣብ ናይ ቀረባ ግዜ መጽናዕቲታት ተመሳሳሊ ብዘይ ምንም ምልክታት እቲ ሕማም ዘለዎ ሰብ እተመሓላለፈ ተረኽቦታት ፋሚሊ ክላስተር ተጸብጺቡ እዩ።
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
ብተዛማዲ፡ መጽናዕቲ ናይ ዲሞግራፊ ኣብ 2012 ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ MERS-CoV ተሓከምቲ ብርቱዕ ረስኒ ኣለዎም (98%)፡ ደረቕ ሰዓል (47%), ከምኡውን ዲስፐንያ (55%) ከም ቀንዲ ምልክታቶም።
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
እንተኾነ፡ 80% ካብኦም ናይ ቨንቲለሽን ደገፍ የድሊዮም፡ ካብ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ተሓከምቲ ኣዝዩ ዝዓቢ ጠለብ ኢዩ፡ ከምኡ`ውን MERS ካብ ኮቪድ-19 ዝለዓለ ደረጃ ናይ ምቅታል ኣለዎ።
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
ውጽኣት (26%) ከምኡውን ሕማም ጎሮሮ (21%)፡ ኣብ ሕሙማት MERS ተራእይዕም ኢዮም።
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
ኣብ ሕሙማት SARS እቶም ቀንዲ ምልክታት: ሕማም ረስኒ (99%-100%): ደረቕ ሰዓል (29%-75%): ዳይስፕንያ (40-42%) ውጽኣት (20-25%):(13-25%) ሓናት ክኾኑ እንከለዉ ንኣስታት 14%-20% ካብ ሕሙማት ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮም እዮም።
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
ኣብ ለካቲት 14፡ ሓደጋ ሞት ናይ ኮቪድ-19፣ 2% ኔሩ፡ እቶም ዝተለኽፉ ግዳያት ብ ዓለም ደረጃ 66,576 ክበጽሑ እንከለዉ።