atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
ከም ኣውቶማቲካዊ ጠባይ፡ ኣብ ገዛ፡ ቤት ትምህርትን ሕብረተሰብን እንገብሮ፡ ዓለምለኻዊ 48% ምጉዳል ፍጻመታት ውጽኣት ምስ ብሳምና ኢድ ምሕጻብ ክተሓሓዝ ይከኣል እዩ።ምሕጻብ ኢድ ብ ሳምና ቀንዲ ንጽል ኣድማዕን ሕሱርን መንገዲ መከላኸሊ ውጸኣትን ብርቱዕ ናይ ምስትንፋስ መልከፍትን (ARI) እዩ።
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
ፔኑሞንያ ቀንዲ ARI ፡ ቀዳማይ ጠንቂ ናይ ሞት ኣብ መንጎ ትሕቲ 5 ዓመት ቆሉዑትን ፡ብ 1.8 ሚልዮን ኣብ ዓመት ዝግመት ሂወት ቆልዑት ዝወስድን እዩ።
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
ውጽኣትን ኒሞንያን፡ ኣብ ዓመት ጠንቂ ሞት ናይ 3,5 ሚልዮን ሰባት ኢዮም።
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
ብመሰረት UNICEF ኢድ ምሕጻብ ብሳምና፡ ቅድሚ ምብላዕን ድሕሪ ሽንቲ ቤት ምጥቃምን ናብ ዘይቅየር ልምዲ ምቕያር ካብ ብኽታበት ወይ ሕክምናዊ ትግበራ ንላዕሊ ብዙሕ ሂወት የድሕን ካብ ብ ውጽኣት ዝሞቱ ፡ከባቢ ፍርቂ ከምኡ ውን ሞት ብቕልጡፍ ናይ ስርዓት ምስትንፋስ ብስለት ብሓደ ርብዑ።
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
ኢድ ምሕጻብ ምስ ካለኦት ናይ ጽርየት ተግባራት ከም ሓደ ክፋል ናይ ማይ ጽርየት (WASH) ጥዕናዊ መደባት ዝተተሓሓዘ እዩ።
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
ኢድ ምሕጻብ ካብ ኢምፔቲጎ (impetigo) ብኣካላዊ ምትንኻፍ ዝማሓላለፍ ሕማም ይከላኸለልና።
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
ንእሽቶ ኣሉታዊ ጽልዋ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ፡ ተደጋጋሚ ምሕጻብ ድርቀት ናይ ቆርበት ብምስዓብ ሕማም ቆርበት ከኸትል ይኽእል ኢዩ።
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
ኣብ 2012 መጽናዕቲ ደንማርከኛ ከምእተረኽበ ተወሳኪ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ናብ ዘሳሒ፡ኩነታት ምቅርራፍ ቆርበት ከም ናይ ኢድ መበላይ ወይ ናይ ኢድ ነድሪ ቆርበት ይባሃል።እዚ ብፍላይ ኣብ መንጎ ሰራሕተኛታት ክንክን ጥዕና ልሙድ እዩ።
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
ኣዝዩ ተደጋጋሚ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ከም ሓደ ካብቶም ምልክታት ናይ ዝገደደ ስርዓት ኣልቦ (OCD) ሙኻን እዩ ዝረአ።
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
ኣብ መዓልቲ ሓሙሽተ ኣገደስቲ ግዚያትኣእዳው ብ ሳሙናን ብምሕጻብ ነቲ ምምሕልላፍ ናይ ምሕማም እነጉድለለን ኣለዋ፡ እዚ አን ድማ፡ ድሕሪ ካብ ሽቃቅ ምውጻእና (ሽንቲ ደገን ልሙድ ምሻንን)፡ ድሕሪ ን ቆልዓ ምጽራይ (ምቅያር ናይ ፓምፐር)፡ ቅድሚ ን ቆልዓ ምምጋብ፡ ቅድሚ ምብላዕ ቆልዓ ወይ ድሕሪኡ፡ ድሕርን ቅድሚን መግቢ ምስራሕ ወይ`ውን ጥረ ስጋ፡ ዓሳ ወይ ዝኾነ እንስሳ ምሓዝ ክኸውን ይኽእል።
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
ካልኦት መንገድታት ግቡእ ነዚ ምምሕልላፍ ናይ ሕማም ንምዕጋት ቅድምን ድሕርን ሕክምና ናይ ቁስሊ ምግባርካ፡ ድሕሪ ምስዓልካ፡ ምህንጣስካ ወይ ኣፍንጫኻ ምሓዝካ፡ እንስሳ ምሓዝካ፡ ወይውን ጎሓፍ ምሓዝካ፡ ኣጠቃቅማ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ክትግበሩ ዘለዎም፡ ነዞም ዝትጠቅሱ ኩነታት ኣብ ግምት ዘእተወ ኢዩ።
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
ኣብ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ውሑድ መጠን ምሕጻብ ኢድ ብሳምና ኣሎ።
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
መጽናዕቲ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ኣብ 2015፡ ኣብ 54 ሃገራት ኣብ ዝተገብረ፡ 38.7% ናይ ገዛ ንጥፈታት ምስ ሳሙና ዝተሓሓዝ ኢዩ ኢሉ። ናይ 2014 መጽናዕቲ ድማ፡ ስዕዲ ዓረብ ዝበዝሐ ቁጽሪ ናይ ሞት 97 ሚእታዊት፡ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ኣብ ማእከላይ ደረጃ 77 ሚእታዊት፡ ቻይና እቲ ዝወሓደ መጠን 23 ሚእታዊት ተራእዩወን። ገለ ገለ ናይ ባህርያት ለውጢ መንገድታት ክረ ኣዩ ጀሚሮም ኣለዉ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ ዘተቓለለ ኢዩ። ብ ጉጅለ ምሕጻብ ኣእዳው ኣብ ግዜ ዕረፍቲ ናይ ተመሃሮ፡ ቀንዲ ኣማራጺ ኣብ ዝምዕብላ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ልምዲ ምሕጻብ ናይ ኣእዳው ከተኣታትዋ ዕድል ዝፈጥር ኢዩ።
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education. 
እቲ ``ኣገዳሲ ናይ ጥዕና መደባት``፡ ኣብ ፊሊፒንስ ክፍሊ ትምህርቲ ኣብ ግብሪ ዘውዓሎ ኣርኣያ ጥዕና ናይ ቆልዑት ንምውሳኽን ትምህርትን መለክዒ ተግባር እዩ።
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
ዳግመ- ሙማቕ ኣብ ዓመት ክልተ ግዜ፡ ብ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ ብምስናይ፡ ብ ፍሎራይድ ኣስናን ምሕጻይ መዓልታዊ፡ ናይዚ ሃገራዊ መደብ ቀንድን መሰራታውን ዕላማ ኢዩ።
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
ኣብ ኢንዶነዥያ ውን ብዓወት ተሰሪሕሎም ኢዩ።
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
ምእላይ ናይ ደቀቕቲ ታህዋስያን ካብ ቆርበት፡ ሳሙናን ካልኦት መጽረይቲን ብምጥቃም ከነመሓይሾ ንኽእል ኢና።
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
እቲ ቀንዲ ስራሕን ምጽራይን ሳምና፡ነቶም ከልከልቲ ምሕቃቕን ሓቓቕነቱ ምውሳኽን እዩ።
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
ማይ ጥራይ በይኑ ንቆርበት ከጽሪ ኣይክእልን ኢዩ እዚ ድማ ህላውነት ናይ ስብሒን ፕሮቲንን ስለ ዘሎ ኢዩ፡ እዚኦም ክፋላት ናይ ኦርጋኒክ ሓመድ ኣብ ማይ ክሓቁ ኣይክእሉን ኢዮም።
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
ምጽራይ ውን እንተኾነ ብዘየቋርጽ እኹል ምፍሳስ ማይ ተሓጊዙ።
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
ድሩቅ ሳሙና፡ ከም እንደገና ክንጥቀመሉ ስለ እንኽእል፡ ካብቲ ቅድሜኻ ዝተጠቀመሉ ሰብ ባክተርያ ክጸንሖም ይኽእል ኢዩ።
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
ገለ ንኣሽቱ መጽናዕትታት፡ ኣብ ናይ ባክተርያ ምምሕልላፍ ኣብ ዝተበከለ ሳሙና፡ ኣብ ዝገበርዎ ምርምር ፡ እቶም ባክተርያበቲ ፊፍ ስለ ዝእለዩ ምልካፋት ኣይከኣልን ኢዩ።
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable". 
CDC ክሳብ ሕጂ ከምዝብሎ ፈሳሲ ሳምና ንኣእዳው ምጥቃም ተመራጺ ከምዝኾነ ኢዩ።
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
ጸረ ባክተርያ (Bacteria)ዊ ሳምናታት ብህዝባዊ ንቕሓት ጥዕና ኣዝዩ ዝተተባበዐ እዩ።
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
ክሳብ ሐጂ፡ዝተዋህበ ለበዋ ብምውካስ ፡ጸረ ረኹሲ ወይ ፈውሲ ረኹሲ ን ጸረ ነፍሳት ብ ባህሪ ተጻዋርነት ናኣሽቱ እንስሳታት ዝህብ መረዳእታ የለን።
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
ሽሕ'ኳ ጸረ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ሳምናታት ከምልሙድ ጸረ ባክተርያ (Bacteria)ዊ ወኪል እዚ እንተዓቀበ ትሪክሎዛን ሰፊሕ ዝርዝር ጽኑዕ ተጻዋርነት ናይ ሂወታውያን ኣለዎ።
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
ስለዚ፡ ወላ`እካ እቶም ጸረ-ታህዋኣስያን ክጻወሩ ዝኽእሉ ኣብ ኽኝዲ ጸረ-ባክተርያ ሳሙና ኣይመረጹ፡ ኸምቲ ኣብ ዕዳጋ ዝተነግረሎም ውጽኢታውያን ዘይክኾኑ ግን ይኽእሉ ኢዮም።
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
ጎኒ ናይቲ ባይታ ን ናይ ቆርበት-መከላኸሊ ኣካልን፡ እቲ ዝተሓላለኸ ፎርሙላታት (ኣሰቲክ ኣሲድ፡ ኣስኮርቢክ ኣሲድ፡ ላክቲክ ኣሲድ) ዝሓዘ ኢዩ፡ ከም ናይ PH መመዓራረዪ ፡ ኣንቲማይክሮባይሊ ኣክቲቭ በንዞኒክ ኣሲድ ን ከምኡውን ናይ ቆርበት ኮንዲሽነራትን ከም (ኣሎራ ቨራ፡ ቫይታሚናት፡ መንቶል፡ ናይ ተኽሊ ተረፍ) ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ ካብ ናይ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ናይ ኦረጎን ቢት-ትምህርቲ ከም ዘነጽሮ፡ እቶም ልሙዳት ሳሙናታት ልክዕ ከምቶም ጸረ-ባክተርያ ተባሂሎም ዝስርሑ ዓይነታት ሳሙና፡ ትሪክሎሳን ናይ ሕማምን ባክተርያን መከላኸሊ ዝሓዙ፡ ሓደ ዓይነት ውጽኢታውነት ኢዩ ዘለዎም
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
እቲ ንመሕጸቢ ኣቕሑት ተባሂሉ ዝውዒ ማይ ን ባክተርያ ክቀትሎም ኣይክእልን ኢዩ።
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
ባክተርያ (Bacteria) (Bacteria) ኣብ 370 C ናይ ኣካላት ረስኒ ዝለዓለ ናይ ምብዛሕ ዓቕሚ ኣለዎ።
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
እንተኾነ፡ ምዉቕ፡ ሳሙና ዝተሓወሶ ማይ፡ ምስቲ ዝሑልን ሳሙና ዘለዎ ማይ ብምንጽጻር ኣዝዩ ውጽኢታዊ ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣብ ምጽራግ ናይ ባህርያውያን ዘይትታት፡ ባክተርያን ሑጻን ዝሓዙ፡ ኣዝዩ ጠቃሚ ኢዩ።
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
ሽሕ'ኳ ግኑን እምነታት እንተ ተጻረሮ፡ ስነፍልጠታዊ መጽናዕቲ ከምዘርእዮ ግን ዉዑይ ማይ ምጥቃም ኣብ ምጉዳል ማይክሮቢያል ጸዓት ኣብ ኢድ ጽልዋ የብሉን።
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
ናይ ኢድ ሳኒታይዘር ወይ መምከኒ ኣእዳው፡ ኣብ ማይ ዘይምርኮስ ናይ ኢድ መጽረዪ ኢይ።
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
ኣብ መወዳእታ 1990ታት ከምኡውን ኣብ መጀመርታ ናይ 21 ክፍለ ዘመን፡ ናይ ኣልኮል ማይ-ኣልቦ ናይ ኢድ መጽረዪ ኣካል (ኣብ ኣልኮል ዝተመርኮሰ ናይ ኢድ ራብ፡ ኣንቲሰፕትክ ናይ ኢድ መጽረዪ፡ ወይውን ናይ ኢድ መምከኒ ውን ተባሂሉ ይፍልጥ ኢዩ) ሽም ክረክብ ጀሚሩ።
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
ዝበዝሑ ኣብ isopropyl ኣልኮል ወይ ethanol ምስ ረጊድ ተወካሊ ዝተሓወሱ ንኣብነት Carbomer (polymer ናይacrylic acid) ናብ ጀል ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ፡ ወይ`ውን ሁመክታት (humectant) ከም ግላይሰሪን (glycerin) ናብ ፈሳሲ ወይ`ውን ፊፍ ን ቅሉልነትን ነቲ ናይ ምድራቕ ጽልዋ ናይ ኣልኮል ንምእላይ የገልግሉ።
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
ምውሳኽ ዝተበረዘ ሃይድሮጀን ፔሮክሳይዳብ ንጥፈት ማይክሮብያል ይውስኽ። መጽረዪ ኢድ ብውሑዱ ናይ 60 ክሳብ 95% ኣልኮል ብዙሕ ጀርም ንምቕታል ይዕቅብ።
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
ምፍሕፋሕ ባክተሪያ ብኣልኮልን ሳኒታይዘርን ፡ከም ባዓል ብዙሕ ከኒና ዝጻወሩ ባክተርያ (Bacteria)ታት፡ ዓባይ ሳዓል፡ከም ባዓል ኤቻኣይቪ፡ሀርፕስ፡ኣርኤስዩ፡ርሂኖ ቫይረስ፡ቫክሲንያ፡ኢንፍሉዌንዛ ፡ ወይቦን ዕጸን ይቐትል።
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
ብ ኣልኮል ዝስርሑ ሳኒታይዘራት 70% ዝሓዘ፡ 99.7%% (3.5 ሎግ ጎዶሎ፡ ተመሳሳሊ ምስ 35 ደሲበል ምጉዳል) ባክተርያ ኣብ ውሽጢ 30 ሰከንድታት ክቐትሉ ይኽእሉ፡ ከምኡ`ውን ካብ 99.99% to 99.999% (4 ክሳብ 5 ሎግ ምጉዳል) ናይ ባክተርያ ድሕሪ 1 ደቂቅ ክቀትሉ ይኽእሉ። ናይ ኢድ ሳኒታይዘራት ኣንጻር ባክተርያ እቶም ኣዝዮም ውጽኢታውያን ኢዮም፡ ኣንጻር ቫይረስ ግን ትሑት ውጽኢት ኣለዎም።
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
ብ ኣልኮል ዝተሰርሑ ናይ ኢድ ሳኒታይሰር ኣንጻር እቶም ኖሮ-ቫይረሳት (ወይ Norwalk) ዝበሃሉ ዓይነት ቫይረሳት፡ ዝኾነ ስራሕ ክሰርሕ ኣይክእልን፡ ካብቶም ቀንዲ ጠንቒ ናይ gastroenteritis። እኹል ናይ ኢድ ኣንቲሰፕቲክ (antiseptic) ወይ ናይ ኣልኮል መጽረዪ ነእዳው ጽቡቕ ጌሩ ክሽፍነንን ከጠልቅየንን ኣለዎ።
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
እቲ ላዕለዋይን ታሕተዋይን ክፋል ናይ ኣእዳውን ጫፍ ናይ ኩሎም ኣጻብዕቲን፡ ክሳብ እቲ ፈሳሲ ወይ ጀል ዝደርቕ፡ ን 30 ሰከንድ ክማሰዉ ኣለዎም።
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
ኣጻብዕቲ ናይ ኢድ ውን ኣጸቢቆም ክሕጸቡ ኣለዎም፡ እዚ ድማ ኣጸቢቕካ ብምምሳው ኢዩ ዝግበር፡ ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ማእከል ናይ ምቁጽጻርን ምክልኻልን ሕማማት ነቲ መሕጸቢ ኢድ ኣብ ክንዲ ሳኒታይዘር ክንጥቀመሉ ይመክር፡ ብፍላይ ኣእዳው ርኡይ ዝኾነ ረስሓት ምስዝህልዎም።
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
ብተደጋጋሚ ምጥቃም ናይዞም መሳለጥያታት ኣብ ናታቶም ቀሊል ኣጠቓቕማን ቅልጡፍ ምጥፋእ ንጥፈታቶም ኣንጻር ደቀቕቲ ህዋሳውያን ዝተመርኮሰ ኮይኑ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ወግዓዊ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ዘይኮነስ ዋላ`ውን ሳምናን ማይን ይረኸብ ን ዳግመ ምደባ ኣየገልግልን እዩ።
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
ብብዝሒ ናይ ኢድ ሳኒታይዘራት ምጥቃም፡ ናይ ኢድ ምድራቕ ከስዕብ ይኽእል፡ እዚ ግን ናይ ቆርበት መለምለምቲ ነገራት ብምውሳኽ ክፍታሕ ይከ ኣል።
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
ግሊቸሪን ወይ ካለኦት መላሳለሲታት ናብቲ መምርሒ ምውሳኽ ሳዕቤን ምድራቕ ናይ ኣልኮል ከጉድል ወይ ከወግድ ይኽእል።
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
ኣብ ናይ ክሊኒክ ፈተነታት፡ ብ ኣልኮል ዝተሰርሒ ሳኒታይዘራት መለሳለሲ ትሕዝቶ ዘለዎም፡ ካብ ሳሙና ወይ ደተጀንት ንታሕቲ ድርቀት ወይ ነድሪ ዘስዕቡ።
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
ኣለርጂካዊ ተንከፍቲ ደርማታይትስ (dermatitis)፡ ነቲ ኡርቲካላ (urticaria) ሲንድሮም ወይ ልዕል ጸቕጢ ናይ ኣልኮል ወይ`ውን ተወሰኽቲ ናይ ኣልኮል ፡ ዘለዎም ርክብት ብውሑድ ይረኣዩ።
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
ዝተሓተ ጽልዋ ዘለዎ ምትንኻፍ ንዝደፍእ ነድሪ ቆርበት ምስ ብ ሳምናን ማይን ምሕጻብ ኢድ ክነጻጸር ከሎ ሰሓቢ ይኸውን።
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
ሽሕ'ኳ ኣድማዕነቶም ማይ ዘይብሉ ኣገልግሎትን ኣብ ኢድ ዘሎ ርስሓትን እንተዘየጽረየ ግን ብቐሊሉ የምክኖም እዩ።
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
እዚ ምኽንያት ኢዩ ከኣ፡ ናይ ኢድ መጽረይ ከም ሳሙናን ማይን ኣብ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም ከስዕቡ ዝኽእሉ ታህዋስያን ናይ ምክልኽል ዓቅሙ ውጽኢታዊ ኣይኮነን፡ሕማም ዘስዕብ ታህዋስያን ገና ኣብ ኢድና ስለዝተርፉ።
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
ካብ ኣልኮል-ናጻ (Alcohol-free) ዝኾነ ናይ ኢድ ሳኒታይዘር ኣድማዕነቱ ኣብ ትሕዝቶን ኣሰራርሓን ዝተመርኮሰ እዩ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ብታሪኽ ትሑት ዝኾነ ብቅዓት ናይ ኣልኮልን ናይ ምፍሕፋሕ ኣልኮልን የርኢ።
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
ኣብዚ ቀረባ እዋን፡ ብቤንዛልኮንዩም ክሎራይድ ዝተሰርሑ ውጽኢታት ኣብ ጥቅሚ ምስዝውዕሉ ከም ኣልኮል ድሕሪ ደጋጊምካ ምጥቃም ዝጎድል ውጽኢት ዘይኮነስ ካብኡ ንላዕሊ ቀጻልን ተወሳኽን ጸረ-ንኣሽቱ ነፍሳት ዝኾነ ውጽኢት ከምዘለዎም ተራእዩ።
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
ብዙሓት ሰባት ኣብ ድኻ ቦታታት ዝነብሩ ሳሙና ክገዝኡ ስለዘይክእሉ ንሓሙኹሽቲ ወይ ሑጻ ከም መጽረዪ ክጥቀሙሉ ይኽእሉ ኢዮም።
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
ሓሙኹሽቲ ወይ ሑጻ፡ ካብ ማይ ንላዕሊ ውጽኢታውነት ክህልዎም ይኽእል ኢዩ እንተኾነ ትሕቲ ሳሙና ኢዩ ውጽኢታውነት ዘለዎም።
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
ሓደ ካብቲ ሽግራት እቲ መሬት በቶም ማይክሮ-ኦርጋኒስም ስለ ዝተበከለ ፡ ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም ኣብ ክንዲ ዘጉድሎ፡ መሊሱ ክውስኸሉ ኢዩ
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
ልክዕ ከም ሳሙና፡ ሓሙኹሽቲ ውን ነቶም ተጋዳእቲ ታህዋስያን ክኣልዮም ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ በቲ ናይ ኣልካላይን ዝኾነ ባህሪኡ ብምጥቃም ኢዩ።
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም (WHO)፡ ሳሙና ኣብ ዘይትረኽበሉ ግዜ፡ ሓሙኽሽቲ ወይ ሑጻ ጌርካ ምሕጻብ ከም ኣማሪጺ ክንወስዶ አም እንኽእል ሓቢሩ።
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
እቲ ቅኑዕ ኣገባብ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ብመሰረት ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ማእከል ምቁጽጽራትን ምክላኻላትን ተመሓላላፈቲ ሕማምን (US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease) ዘውጽኦ ደረጃታት እዞም ዝስዕቡ ኢዮም፡
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
ኢድካ ብ ምዉቕ ወይ ዝሑል ፈሳሲ ማይ ኣተርክሶ።
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
ወሓዚ ማይ ክንጥቀም ይምክረ ኢዩ፡ ምኽንያቱ ዕቃር ማይ ተበኪሉ ክኸውን ስለ ዝኽእልን ወላ`ካ እቲ መቀት ናይ ማይ ፍልልይ ኣየምጽእ።
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
ን ሙሉእ ኣእዳውካ፡ ብድሕሪት ኣብ መንጎ ኣጻብዕትኽን፡ መጠኑ ብዝሓለዉ ብዝሒ ዘለዎ ሳሙና ብምጥቃም ኣጸቢቕካ ኣማስዎ።
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
ሳሙና ነቶም ጀርምስ ካብ ኣእዳው ይኣልዮም፡ ካብ ዝተገብረ መጽ ናዕቲ ድማ ሰባት ካብ ሳሙና ጥራይ በይኑ ሳሙና ኣብ ዝጥቀሙሉ ኣእዳዎም ጽቡቕ ጌሮም የማስውዎ።
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
ን 20 ካልኢት ፋሕፋሓዮ።
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
ኣእዳው ምፍሕፋሕ ወይ ምድራዝ ፍሕፍሐ ስለዝፈጥር፡ ኣብ ቆርበት ዝርከቡ ጀርምታት ንኽእለዩ ይሕግዝ።ንንውሕ ዝበለ ግዜ ምድራዝ ወይ ምፍሕፋሕድማ ዝበዝሑ ጀርምታት ክኣሊ ይኽእል።
Rinse well under running water.
ጽያቕ ሕብሪ ብ ማይ ክእለ ይኽእል።
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
ኣብ መሕጸቢ ኢድ ምልቕላቕ ዳግማይ ከምዝብከል ይገብር።
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
ብንቑጽ ሽጎማኖ ምንቃጽ ወይ ብንፋስ ምድራቕ።
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
ትርኩስ ወይ ጥሉል ኣእዳው ብቅልጡፍ ከም እንደገና ክብከል ይኽእል። መብዛሕትኡ እዋን ዝርሳዕ ወይ ዝሕለፍ ካብ ኣካላትና ዓባይ-ዓባይቶ ኢድ፡ ጉንቦ ኢድ፡ ኣብ ሞንጎ ኣጻብዕቲ ዘሎ ክፋላትን ትሕቲ ኣጽፋርን ኢዩ።
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
ሰብ ዝሰርሖ ጽፍርን ዝተጸርበ ኣዝማልቶ ዝተለኽየ ጽፍርን ናኣሽቱ ሂወታውያን ከዕቁብ ይኽእል እዩ።
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
ብዘለስልስ ቅብኣት ኢድና ካብ ምድራቕ ከምዝሕሎ ተነጊሩ።ድሩቕ ቆርበት ናብ ናይ ቆርበት ጉድኣት ከምርሕ ይኽእል፡ እዚ ኸኣ ንምትሕልላፍ ብቕዓት ምቅላዕ ከምዝውስኽ ይገብር።
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options. 
ማይ ወይ ሳምና አብ ቀረባ ወይ ብቀሊሉ ክርከበሉ አብ ዘይክእል ግዜ፡ ምሕጻብ ኣእዳው ከቃልሉ ዝኽእሉ ዝተፈላለዩ ትሑት ዋጋ ዘለዎም ኣማራጺታት ኣለዉ። ንኣብነት፡ ካብ ዝተንጠልጠለ ጀሪካን ማይ ምፍሳስ ወይ ሓምሓም ኣንኲልካ ምጥቃም ከምኡ’ውን አብ ምምዕባል ኣብ ዝርከባ ሃገራት ተሪር ናይ በረኻ ገረብ ምጥቃም ይከኣል። ድሩት ቀረብ ማይ ኣብ ዘለዎም ቦታታት(ከም ቤት-ትምህርትታት ወይ ናይ ገጠር ቦታታት)፡ ማይ ክዕቀበሎም ዝኽእሉ መፍትሒታት ከም ኣቅኒንካ ዝቅዳሕ ፈሳሲ ማይን ካልኦት ትሑት ዋጋ ዘለዎም ኣማራጺታትን አለዉ።
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
ቲፕይቶፕ (tippy-tap) ዝቐለለ ቴክኖሎጂ ብገመድ ዝተንጠልጠለ ብራኳ ምጥቃም ኣብ ልዕሊ ኢድ ማይ ንምፍሳስ ብእግሪ ዝጽቀጥ መሳርሕን መቐመጢ ሳምናን እዩ።
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
ከምዝድለ ምድራቕ ኢድ ኣገዳሲ ክፋል ናይ ኢድ መስርሕ ጽርየት እዩ። ግን ከኣ ኣብ ናይ ህዝቢ መሕጸቢ ክፍሊ ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣዝዩ ውጽኢታዊ ዝኾነ ኣነቓቕጻ ገለ ክትዓት ኣሎ።
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
እቲ ዝዓቢ ዘሎ ብዝሒ ናይ መጽናዕቲታት ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ናይ ኢድ ሽጎማኒ ካብቲ ብ ማሽናት ዝግባር ምድራቕ ኣእዳው ኣዝዩ ዝበልጽ ውጽኢት ከምዘለዎ ገሊጹ።
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
ኣብ 2008 ብ ወስት ሚኒስተር ለንደን ዩኒቨርሲቲ፡ ብ ናይ ሽንቲ ቤት ሶፍት ፋብሪካ ኤውሮፓዉያን ሶፍት ሲምፖሲዩም፡ ዝተመወለ ናይ ጽሬት ደረጃ መንቀጺ ጨርቂ ወይ ሶፍት ፡ ብምዉቕ ኣየር ኢድ መድረቒታትን ዘመናዊ መድረቒ ንምዉድዳር መጽናዕቲ ተኻይዱ።
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
ድሕሪ ኢድ ምሕጻብን ብምዉቕ ኣየር ኢድ ምንቃጽን፡ ጠቕላላ ቁጽሪ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ኣብ ውሽጢ ኣጻብዕቲ ብገምጋም ብ 194% ከምኡ'ውን ኣብ ከብዲ ኢድ ብ 254% ወሲኹ ተረኺቡ።
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
ድርቀትን በለልታ መድረቒ ኣየርን ብ ገምጋም ጠቕላላ ምውሳኽ ቁጽሪ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ኣብ ኣጻብዕቲ ብ 42% ኣብ ከብዲ ኢድ ብ 15% ይውስኽ።
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
ድሕሪ ምሕጻብ ኢድን ብሶፍት ምድራቅን ጠቅላላ ቁጽሪ ናይ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ብገምጋም ብ76% ኣብ ውሽጣዊ ኣጻብዕቲ ከምኡውን ኣብ ከብዲ ኢድ ብ77% ጎዲሉ ተረኺቡ።ስነ ፍልጠታውያን ውጽኢት ናይ ነፍስ ወከፍ ዓይነት መንቀጺ መንገዲ ንምርኣይ ካብ ሓደ ናብ ሓደ ናይ ምብካል ተክእሎ እቶም ናይ ምሕጸቢ ተጠቀምትን ናይ ምሕጸቢ ቦታን፡ምንባሩን ዘይምንባሩን መጽናዕቲ ኣካይዶም።
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
እቲ መንቐጺ ኣየር፡ ነቲ ኣየር ብ ፍጥነት ናይ ንፋስ፡ ካብ 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph) ክኺዶ ዝኽእል፡ ነቶም ደቀቕቲ-ታህዋኣስያን ካብ ኢድ ክኣልዮም ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ ነቶም መሕጸቢ ንብረታት ድማ ክሳብ 2 መትሮ ንሪሒቖም ክሳብ ዘለዎ በቲ ቫይረስ ክብክሎም ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎ።
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
ውዕይ ኣየር ዝጥቀሙ ናይ ኢድ መንቀጺ ምጥቃም ነቶም ቫይረስ ክሳብ 0.25 ሜትሮ ክብትኖም ተኽእሎታት ኣሎ።
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
ናይ ወረቐት መጽረዪ ዝኾነ ናይ ቫይረስ ምስግጋር ተኽእሎ ኣየር ኣዩን። ኣብ 2005፡ ብ TÜV Produkt und Umwelt ኣብ ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ፡ ዝተፈላለዩ ናይ ኢድ መንቀጺ መንገድታት ተፈቲኑን ተጸኒዑን።
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
ድሕሪ ምንቃጽ ኣእዳው እዞም ዝስዕቡ ናይ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ቁጽሪ ለውጢ ተራእዩ።
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
ብዙሓት ናይ ኢድ መንቀጺ መሳርሒታት ተሰሪሖም ኣለዉ፡ እቲ ውጽኢታውነት ናይ ኢድ መንቀጺ ምስ ሽጎማኖ ውን ተነጻጺሩ ኢዩ።
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
ብ ናይ መምከኒ ጨርቂ ጌርካ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ፡ ከም ኣማራጺ ሳሙና ወይ ማይ ኣብ ዘይህልወካ፡ እትጥቀመሉ ኢዩ።
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
ብ ኣልኮል ዝተሰርሐ ናይ ኢድ መምከኒ ብውሑዱ 60% ኣልኮል ክህልዎ ኣለዎ።
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
ሕክምናዊ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ግዴታዊ ዝኾነሉ ምኽንያት፡ ድሕሪ እቲ ሃንጋርያዊ ተመራማሪ ኢግናዝ ሰመልወስ (Ignaz Semmelweis)፡ ውጽኢታውነቱ ኣብ ሕክምና (ኣብ 1846) ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ሙካኑ ዘጽነዓሉ እዋን ኢዩ።
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
ነቶም ናይ ሆስፒታል ኣባላት ኢዶም ምሕጻብ ምስ ዝርስዕዎ እተዘኻኽር መሳርሒት ናይ ኤለክትሮኒክ ኣላ።
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
ሓደ መጽናዕቲ፡ ናይ ምብካል ናህሪ ከምዝጎደለ ምስ ኣጠቓቕምኡ ረኺቡ።
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
ሕክምናዊ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ንዝወሓደ 15 ደቓይቕ፡ብዙሕ ማይን ሳምናን ብምጥቃም ወይ ብብዙሕ ዓፍራ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክፋል ኢድ ይፍሕፋሕ።
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
ኣእዳው ነሓድሕደን ኣመሳቂልካ ክማዘዋ ኣለወን።
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
ኣብ ትሕቲ ጽፍሪ ኣጻብዕቲ ሰብን ጸጉሪ ብራሽን ክጠቅም ዝኽእል ፍርስራስ ኣሎ።
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
ናይ ማይ ጀርምታት ኣብ ልዕሊ ኣእዳው ክሳብ ዝጸንሑ፡ጽቡቕ ጌርካ ምሕጻብን ደሪዝካ ብጽሩይ ሽጎማኖ ምንቃጽን የድሊ።
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
ድሕሪ ምንቃጽ፡ እቲ ሶፍቲ ነቲ ማይ ጠጠው ንምባል ክንጥቀመሉ ኣሎና (ከምኡውን መውጽኢ ምኽፋት ናይ ዝኾነ ካብቶም መዕጸዊ ማዕጾ)።
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
እዚ ድማ ነቲ ከም ብሓድሽ ዝመጽእ ምብካል ኣእዳው ይከላኸሉ።
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them. 
እቲ ዕላማ ናይ ኢድ መሕጸቢ ኣብ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን መወከሲ፡ ነቶም ሰበብ ሕማም ዝኾኑ ደቀቕቲ ``ጀርምታት`` ምእላይን ካብ ምምሕልላፍ ድማ ደው ምባልን ኢዩ።
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
ናይ ዓዲ እንግሊዝ ጆርናል ናይ ሕክምና ከም ዝሓበሮ፡ ኣብ ናይ ሕክምና ቦታታት መሕጸቢ ኣእዳው ዘውይምህላው ኻብቲ ዘይቅቡል ደረጃ ናይ ሕክምና ኢዩ ኢሉ፡ እዚ ድማ ብዙሓት ዶክተራትን ነርሳትን ኢደን ከይተሓጽባ ሕሙማት ክትንክፋ ኣብ ዝጂምራሉ እቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ ለበዳ ድማ ምስኡ ይውስኽ ሙኻኑ ኢዩ።
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
ዓለምለኻዊ ውድብ ጥዕና ግብራዊ መምዘኒ ምሕጻብ ኢድን ምፍሕፍሕ ኢድን ኣብ ክፋል ክንክን ጥዕና ኣሕቲሙ።ሓደ መጽናዕቲ ከምዘብርሆ ጉቡእ ኣተሓጻጽባ ኢድን ካለኦት ተወሰኽቲ ሜላታትን መጠን ናይ መተሓላለፊ ፈሳሲ ምስ ሰራውር ደም ዝተሓሓዝ ረኽስታት ብ 66 ሚእታዊት ክጎድለ ይኽእል።
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
እቲ ንድፊ ናይ ጽሬት ኣእዳው ብ ማሕበራት ኣብቲ ወብሳይታት ን ህዝባዊ ነቀፌታታት፡ ክርከብ ይከኣል፡
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
ዝመሳሰል መጽናዕቲ ብ ዊቲይን ካልኦትን (Whitby et al) ተተግቢሩ።
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
ናይ ዕዳጋ መሳርሒታት ነቲ ናይ ኢድ ጽሬት ክምርምራን ከረጋግጻን ይኽእላ ኢየን፡ እዚ ድማ ኣገዳሲ ምትሕብባርን ናይ ተጠቃምነት እንተጌሩ ኢዩ።
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands: 
ዓለምለኻዊ ውድብ ጥዕና ንምሕጻብ ኣእዳው ሓሙሽተ ግዜ ኣለዎ።
after exposure to blood/body fluids
ድሕሪ ናብ ደም/ኣካላት ፈሳሲ ምቕላዕ።
before an aseptic task, and
ቅድሚ ናይ ኣሰፕቲክ (aseptic) ስራሕ፡ ከምኡውን
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent. 
ድሕሪ ናይ ተሓካሚ ምእላይ። ምውሳኽ ናይ ኣንቲሰፕቲክ (addition) ከሚካላት ናብ ሳሙና ("medicated" ወይ "antimicrobial" ሳሙናታት) ነቶም ኣብ ኢድ ዝርከቡ ተጋዳእቲ ታህዋስያን ክቕትል ተባሂሉ ኢዩ።
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
እዚ ዓይነት ናይ ሞት ንጥፈታት፡ ቅድሚ መጥባሕቲ ምናልባት ክትግበር ይከኣል ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ እቶም ተጻረርቲ ናይ ጸረ-ነፍሳት ኣዝዮም ብብዝሒ ስለ ዘለዉ ኢዮም። ን ናይ ሓደ ሰብ ኢድ ን መጥባሕቲ ኢልካ `ምጽራይ`፡ ኢዳካ ከይሓዝካ እትኽፈትን እትዕጾን ቡምባ፡ ገለ ክሎሮክሲዳይን (chlorhexidine) ወይ ናይ ኣዮዲን መሕጸቢ፡ መምከኒ ሽጎማኖ ን ምንቃጽ፡ ከምኡ`ውን መምከኒ ብሩሽ ንምእላይን ካልእ ናይ መምከኒ መሳርሒ ድማ ነቲ ኣብ ትሕቲ ጽፍቲ ዘሎ ርስሓት ንማእላይ ግድን፡ ክህሉ ግድን ኣልዎ።
All jewelry should be removed.
ኩሎም መጋየጺታት ክእለዩ ኣለዎም።
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
እዚ መስርሕ እዚ ኣእዳው ን ቀላጽምን ክሳብ ጉምቦ ኢድ ካብ 2-6 ደቃይቅ ምምዛው ዘድልዮ ኣገባብ ናይ ምሕጻብ ኢዩ።
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
ነዊሕ ናይ ምፍሕፋሕ ግዜ (10 ደቒቕ) ኣድላዪ ኣይኮነን።
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
ክተጽሪ እንከለኻ፡ ካብ ቂልጽም ዝወርድ ማይ ናይ ኣእዳው ከይበጽሕ ክኽልከል ኣለዎ።
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
ኣእዳው ድሕሪ ምሕጻብ፡ ብዝመኸነ ጨርቂ ወይ ዓለባ ይነቅጽ፡ ናይ መጥባሕቲ ክዳን ወይ ቀሚሽ ድማ ይኽደን።
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ጀርምታት ንሙግዳል፡ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ ወይ ምምካን ቅድምን ድሕሪን ሕሙም ምብጻሕ ኣገዳሲ ኢዩ።
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
ኣብ ሕክምናታት ናይ ስታፊይሎኮኮል መልከፍቲ ንምቁጽጻር እቲ ዝዓበየ 20% ኢድ ምሕጻብ ረብሓ ጸኒሕዎ ከም ተወሳኺ ጥቕሚ ከኣ ተኸታታሊ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ረብሕኡ ናብ 35% እናዓበየ ይኸይድ።
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
ብተራ ሳምና ምሕጻብ ምስ ብጸረ-ባክተሪያዊ ሳምና ምሕጻብ ክነጻጸር ከሎ ብሰለስተ ዕጽፊ ዝዛይድ ደረጃ ናይ ናብ መግቢ ዝመሓላለፍ ባክተሪያዊ ተመሓላላፊ ሕማም ከስዕብ ይኽእል። ኣእዳው ብኣልኮላዊ ትሕዝቶ ን30 ካልኢት ምድራዝ ምስ ብጸረ-ባክተሪያዊ ሳምና ን30 ካልኢት ምሕጻብ ክነጻጸር ከሎ ኣእዳው ብኣልኮል ምድራዝ ካብ ብጸረ-ባክተሪያዊ ሳምና ምሕጻብ ብ26 ሚእታዊት ምስፍሕፋሕ ባክተርያ (Bacteria) ከጉድል ይኽእል።
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
ነቶም ናይ H1N1 ኢንፍሊወንዛ ቫይረስን ክላስቲርድዩም ደፊሳይል ስፖረ (Clostridium difficile spores) ካብ ኣእዳው ንምእላይ ሳሙና ኣዝዩ ውጽኢታዊ ኢዩ ምስ ማይ ጥራይ ብምንጽጻር። ነዚ ጽሬታ ናይ ኣእዳው ውጽኢታውነቱ ንምውሳኽ ነቶም ኣባላት ናይ ትምህርቲ ኣገልግሎት ብምሃብ፡ ሳኒታይዘራትን ኣልኮልን ብምቅራብ፡ ወይ ውን ናይ ጽሬት ፖስተራትን ሓበሬታታትን ብምጥቃዕ ክትግበር ይከኣል።
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
እዚኦም ንጥፈታት ኣብ ብዙሕ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ቦታታት፡ ዝበለጹ ከም ሙኻኖም ንምርግጋጽ ብዙሕ መጽናዕትታት ይሓትት።
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
ኣብ ምዕባለ ዘለዋ ሃገራት ብ ሳምና ኢድ ምሕጻብ ከም ርትዓዊ ዋጋ፡ኣገዳሲ መሳርሒ ጥዕና ምርካብን ጽቡቕ ኣመጋግባን ተኣሚንሉ።
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
እንተኾነ ግን፡ሕጽረት ውሕስ ዝኾነ ናይ ማይ፡ ሳሙና፡ ኢድ መሕጸቢ መሳለጥያታት ኣብ መንበሪ ቤት ትምህርትን ናይ ስራሕ ቦታን፡ ነቲ ናይ ዓለም ልምዲ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ንኸይትግበር ፈታኒ ይገብሮ።
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
ከም ኣብነት፡ ኣብ ብዙሓት ሃገራት ኣፍሪቃ፡ ናይ ኢድ መሕጸቢ ቡምባታት ኣብ ቀረባ ናይ ህዝቢ ወይ ናይ ውልቂ ሽቃቃት ብዙሕ ኣይርከቡን ኢዮም፡ ወላካ ነዞም መሕጸቢታት ንምስራሕ ብዙሕ ወጻኢታት ዘይሓትት እንከሎ።
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
እንተኾነ ግን፡ ውሑድ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ልምዲ ክህሉ ዝኸኣለ ብምኽንያት ሕጽረት ማይን ሳምናን ዘይኮነስ ከም ውጽኢት ዝጸንሐ ልምዲ እዩ።
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
ምትብባዕን ተጣባቕነት ናይ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ብሳምና ኣብ ምሕደራዊ ውሳኔታት ፡ንቕሓት ጥቕሚ ምሕጻብ ኢድ የለዓዕልን ናብ ነዊሕ ምምራሕ ለውጢ ጠባይ ህዝብን ክጸሉ ይኽእል።
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
ነዚ ብግቡእ ንምስራሕ፡ ምቁጽጻርን ምትንታንን/ምዕዛብን ኣገደስቲ ኢዮም።
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements. 
ሲስተማዊ ትንታነ ወይ ትዕዝብትታት ናይ 70 መጽናዕትታት ከም ዝሓበርዎ፡ ብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝግበሩ መደባት ነቲ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ኣገባባት LMICs ኣዝዮም ከም ዝወሰኹሉ ሓቢሮም፡ እቶም ናይ ማሕበራዊ ኣድቨርታይዝመንትታት ድማ ትሑት ውጽኢታውነት ኣርእዮም። ሓደ ካብቲ ኣብነታት ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ምውሳኽ ኣገባባት፡ ኣብ ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ ``ናይ ሰለስተ ኮኾብ መንገዲ`` ዝበሃል ኮይኑ ብ UNICEF ድማ ተጀሚሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ቀሊልን ትሑት ወጻኢታት ብምጥቃም ተማሃሩ ኣእዳዎም ብ ማይን ሳሙናን ክሕጸቡ ከም ዘለዎም ዝገብር ኣገባብ ኢዩ።
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
ቤት ትምህርትታት ካብ ሓደ ናብ ሳልሳይ ኮኾብ ዝሓልፉ፡እቲ መሰረታዊ መለኪዒታት ምስ ዘማልኡ ኢዮም።
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
ህንጻ ማሕበራዊ ቦታ መሕጸቢ ኢድ፡ ክፋል ናይ ወፈራ ጎስጓስ ሕማምን ሞት ህጻናት ንምቕናስን ሓጋዚ ኮይኑ።
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
ዓለማዊ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ መዓልቲ ድማ ሓደ መንገዲ ኣፍልጦ ናይ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ምዕባይን ኣድቨራይዝ ብምግባር ድማ ናቲ ናይ ባህርያት ለውጢ ንምትእትታውን ኣዝዩ ጠቃሚ ኢዩ። ክሳብ ናይቲ ለበዳ ኮሮናቫይረስ ዝተራእየሉ ግዜ 2029-20፡ UNICEF ነቲ ናይ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ስእላዊ መግለጺ (emoji) ብብዝሒ ክጥቀመሉ ጀሚሩ።
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
ገለ መጽናዕትታት ንጠቕላላ ዋጋ ውጽኢታውነት ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻብ ኣብ ምምዕባል ዘለዋ ሃገራት ምስ ምክልኻል ዳሊይ (DALYs) ተሓሓዝ እዩ።
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
እንተኾነ'ግን ምትብባዕ፡ ምሕጻብ ኢድ ብ ሳሙናን ማይን ናይ ጽርየት ትግባረን ብዋጋ ኣዝዩ ርኡይ ውጽኢት ከምዘምጽእ እቲ ጽሑፍ ይገልጽ።
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing". 
እቲ ጥቕምታት ናይ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ ን ጥዕና ናይ ሰባት ብፍላይ ድማ ነቶም ኣብ ሓደጋ ዘለዉ ሰባት ከም ኣብነት ሓራስ፡ ወይ ድማ ዝተወግኡ ወተሃደራት፡ ኣብ 19 ክፍለዘመን ብ ክልተ ተመራመርቲ ናይ ኢድ ጽሬት ተፈሊጡ፡ ሃንጋርያዊ ተመራማሪ ኢግናዝ ሰመልወስ (Ignaz Semmelweis) ኣብ ቬና ኣውስትሪያ ከምኡ`ውን ፍሎረንስ ናይቲንግለ ዝሰርሐ ብ ``ጀማሪ ምዕቡል ኣላይነት ሕሙማት`` ዝፍለጥ ኢዩ ተፈሊጡ።
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
ኣብቲ ሽዑ ግዜ፡ መብዛሕቲኦም ሰባት ልኽፈት ብ ሕማቕ ሽታ ምያስማስ (miasmas) ዝባሃል ከምዘስዕብ ገና ይኣምኑ ነበሩ።
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
ኣብ 1980ታት፡ ካብ መግቢ ዝተበገሱ ምስ ናይ ጥዕና ክንክን ምልካፋት ዝተሓሓዝን ምስፍሕፋሓት ን ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ማእከል ናይ ሕማማት ምቁጽጻራትን ምክልኻላትን (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)፡ ብ ንጡፍ ናይ ኢድ ምሕጻባት ተጠቃምነት ኵውስኻ ተራእየን፡ በዚ ውን እቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም ክዕገት ይከኣል።
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
ምልዕዓል ሰዓል ሓሰማ ወይ ስዋይን ፍሉ አብ 2009ን እዚ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ክስተትን፡ ንብዙሓት ሃገራት ኣገዳስነት ምሕጻብ ኣእዳው ብሳሙና ንኽግንዘባ ኣኽኢልወን ኣሎ።
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany. 
ከም ኣብነት፡ ``ግቡእ ኣገባብ ምሕጻብ ኣእዳው`` ዝብል ሓበሬታታት ኣብ ጥቃ መሕጸቢ ኣእዳው ምንጥልጣል፡ ከምኡ`ውን እዚ ኣገባብ ኣብ ናይ ህዝቢ፡ ኦፊስ፡ ሽቃቃት ምትግባር ጠቃሚን ውጽኢታዊን ኢዩ፡ ኣብ ኤርፖርት ናይ ጀርመን ውን ተተግቢሩ ኢዩ።
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it. 
``ኣእዳው ናይ ሓደ ምሕጻብ`` ዝብሉ ቃላት፡ ናይ ሓደ ሰብ ዘይምእዙዝነት ናይ ሓደ ነገር ንምግባር ወይ ደገፍ ናይ ምትእትታው ምግባር የመልክት።
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
እዚ ካብ ኣብ መጽሓፍ ቅዱስ ኣብ ማቴዎስ ወንጌል ሰባት ዝጸሓፍዎ ዝርከብ ጽሑፍ ል፡ጲላጦስ ኢዱ ተሓጺቡ ናይ ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ስቕለት ውሳኔ ዝወሰነሉ፡ዝመጸት ግን ኣብ እንግሊዘኛ ቋንቋ ተዛረብቲ ሕብረተሰብ ብሰፊሑ ዝጥቀሙሉ ዘለዉ ሓረግ እዩ።
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
ኣብ ናይ ሼክስፒር ማክበዝ (Shakespeare's Macbeth)፡ ማከብዝ ነቲ ኣብ ኣእሙረኣ ዝቐረጸቶ ምጽያቕ ናይ ኢዳ ከተጽሪ ብተደጋጋሚ ኣእዳዋ ክትሕጸብ ጀሚራ፡ እዚ ድማ ነቲ ብሰንኪ ሰብኣያ ምቅታላ ዝመጻ ስምዒት ናይ ገበን ንምእላይ ወይ ንምጽራይ ትገብሮ ዝነበረት ተግባራት ኢዩ።
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
ድሕሪ ምዝካር ወይ ኣዕሚቕካ ምሕሳብ ዘይስነምግባራዊ ግብርታት፡ ልዕሊ ካልኦት ሰባት ኢድካ ምሕጻብን ን ኣቅሓ መሕጸቢ ኢድ፡ እትህቦ ክብሪ ባህሪ ኣብ ሰባት ተራእዩ።
Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering. 
ብተወሳኺ፡ እቶም ብኣስገዳድ ኣእዳዎም ክሕጸቡ ዝተገብሩ ኣብ ካልእ ናይ ``ጽሬት`` ንጥፈታት ክሳተፉ ዘሎ ተኽእሎ ኣዝዩ ውሑድ ኢዩ።
Religions prescribe hand washing for both hygienic and symbolic purposes.Symbolic hand washing, using water but no soap to wash hands, is a part of ritual hand washing featured in many religions, including Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism, tevilah and netilat yadayim in Judaism, Lavabo in Christianity, and Wudhu in Islam.Religions also prescribe hygienic hand washing, especially after certain actions.
ሃይማኖታት ምሕጻብ ኢድን ጽርየትን ሰንደቕ ዕላማን መምርሒ ይህባ።ምሕጻብ ኣእዳው ብዘይ ሳምና ክፋል ናይ ልሙድ ባህሪ ሃይማኖታት ይረአ።ባሃይ እምነት፡ሂዱይዝም፡ ተቪላህ ን ነቲላት ያዳዪም ኣብ ጁዳይዚም፡ ላቫቦ ኣብ ክርስቲያን፡ ዋዱህ ኣብ ምስልምና፡ ሃይማኖታት ዘማእከለ እዩ። ከምኡ'ውን ጽርየት ኢድ ምሕጻብ ብፍላይ ድሕሪ ሓደ-ሓደ ስራሕ ምስራሕ ጥዕንኡ ዝሓለወ ጽርየት ክህሉ ይላቦ።
Hinduism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands after using the toilet.
ኣብ ሂንዱዚም፡ ጁዲዝም፡ ኣስላምን ድሕሪ ሽንቲ ቤት ምጥቃም ኢድ ምሕጻብ ግዴታ እዩ።
And, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands before and after every meal.
ከምኡ`ውን፡ ሂዱስም፡ ቡድሂስም፡ ሲክሂዝም፡ ኣይሁድነት፡ ከምኡ`ውን ኢስላም ቅድምን ድሕርን መግቢ ምብላዕ ኣእዳው ምሕጻብ የገድዱ።
Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education
ጽልዋ ናይ 2019–20 ኮሮና-ቫይረስ ለበዳ ኣብ ትምህርቲ።
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
ለበዳ ኮሮና ቫይረስ 2019-2020 ንኹሉ ስርዓተ ትምህርቲን ምስትምሃርን ጸልይዎ እዩ፡ ስለዚ ድማ ብዙሓት ኣብያተ ትምህርቲታትን ዩኒቨርሲታትን ተዓጽየን ኣለዋ።
As of 8 April 2020, approximately 1.716 billion learners have been affected due to school closures in response to COVID-19.
ክሳብ 8 ሚያዝያ 2020: ኣብ ዘሎ ግዜ፡ ብገምጋም 1.716 ቢልዮን ተምሃሮ ብሰንኪ እቲ ከም ግብረመልሲ ንCOVID-19 ዝተገብሩ ዕጽዋታት ቤት-ትምህርቲ ተጸልዮም ኣለዉ።
According to UNESCO monitoring, 188 countries have implemented nationwide closures and 5 have implemented local closures, impacting about 99.4% of the world's student population.
ብመሰረት UNESCO ዘቕረቦ ጸብጻብ፡ 188 ሃገራት፡ ሃገራዊ ዕጽዋ ክእውጃ ከለዋ፡ 5 ድማ ከፊላዊ ዕጽዋ ኣዊጀን። እዚ ካብ መላእ ዓለም ካብ ዝርከቡ ተመሃሮ ን 99% ጸልዩ።
On 23 March 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.
ኣብ መጋቢት 23,2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) ንመርመራታት IGSCE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS& amp; A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U ኣብረኩልን ሃገራት ናብ ወርሒ ግንቦተ/ሰነ ኣሰጋጊርዎ ኣሎ።
International Baccalaureate exams have also been cancelled.School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families, but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.
መርመራታት International Baccalaureate (ዓለም-ለኻዊ ባችለር ዲግሪ) እውን ተሰሪዞም ኣለዉ።ዕጽዋታት ቤት-ትምህርቲ ንተምሃሮ፡ መምሃራንን፡ ስድራቤታትን ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ዝጸሉ፡ ነዊሕ ዝኸይድ ቁጠባውን ሕብረተሰባውን ሳዕቤናት’ውን ኣለዎ።
School closures in response to COVID-19 have shed light on various social and economic issues, including student debt, digital learning, food insecurity, and homelessness, as well as access to childcare, health care, housing, internet, and disability services.
ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ምስ ምምጻእ ኮቪድ-19፡ ኣብ ማሕበራዊን ቁጠባዊን ጉዳያት ልዑል ጽልዋ ኣንቢሮም ኣለዉ። ገለ ካብኣቶም፡ ዕዳ ተመሃሮ፡ ዲጂታላዊ ትምህርቲ፡ ስእነት መግቢ፡ ሕክምና፡ መንበሪ ኣባይቲ፡ ኢንተርነትንን ኣገልግሎት ስንኩላንን ይርከብዎም።
The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.
እዚ ጽልዋ ነቶም ሽጉራት ቆልዑን ስድራቤታቶምን ኣዝዩ ከቢድ ኢዩ ኔሩ፡ እዚ ድማ ነዞም ዝስዕቡ ጠንቂ ኮይኑ፡ ዘይስሩዕ ናይ ትምህርቲ ዕድላት፡ ሕሱር መግቢ፡ ጸገማት ኣብ ናይ ቆልዑ ክንክን፡ ነተን ስራሕ ዘይብለን ስድራ ድማ ሽግራት ናይ ኢኮኖሚ።ከም ውጽኢት ምዕጻው ናይ ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ UNESCO ነቲ ናይ ርሕቀት ትምህርቲ ፕሮግራማትን ክፉታት ናይ ትምህርቲ ኣፕሊኬሽናትን ምስ መድረኻቶም፡ ምጥቃም ዝሓሸ መንገዲ ሙኻኑ መኺሩ፡ በዚ ድማ መምሃራንን ተማሃርኦም ብሩሑቕ ክረኽብዎም ኣይሽገሩም ከምኡ’ውን ኣብዚ ግዜ ንክፍጠር ዝኽእል ዝነበረ ምዝርራጋት የወግዶ።
Efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted the widespread closure of primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling in over 100 countries.Previous outbreaks of infectious diseases have prompted widespread school closings around the world, with varying levels of effectiveness.
እዚ ን ምስፍሕፋሕ ኮቪድ-19 ንምክልኻል ተባሂሉ ዝትግበር ዘሎ ክሊኒካዊ ዘይኮነ ናይ ምክልኻል መስርሕ ከም፡ ኣካላዊ ምርሕሓቅን ነብሰ ውሸባን፡ ጠንቂ ምዕጻው ናቶም ቀዳማይ፡ ካልኣይ ከምኡውን ሳልሳይ ደረጃ ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ ኣብ ልዕሊ 100 ሃገራት ኢዩ።ናይ ዝሓለፈ ምስፍሕፋሓት፡ ን ኣብ ብዙሕ ክፋላት ዓለም ዘለዋ ቤት-ትምህርትታት ከም ዝዕጸዋ ጌርሩ ኢዩ፡ እቲ ውጽኢቱ ድማ ብበደረጃ ይፈላለ።
Mathematical modelling has shown that transmission of an outbreak may be delayed by closing schools.
ቅመራዊ መጽናዕቲ ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ቤት-ትምህርትታት ብምዕጻው ነዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ምልካፋት ክደናጎ ወይ ክዝሕል ከምዝኽእል ተነጊሩ።
However, effectiveness depends on the contacts children maintain outside of school.
ኰይኑ ግና፡ ኣድማዕነቱ ተምሃሮ ካብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ወጻኢ ኣብ ዝገብርዎ ርክባት ይምርኮስ።
School closures may be effective when enacted promptly.
ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ብኣጋኡ እንተዝጅመር ኣድማዒ ምኾነ።
If school closures occur late relative to an outbreak, they are less effective and may not have any impact at all.
ምዕጻው ናይ ቤት-ትምህርቲታት ድሕሪ ምስፍሕፋሕ ምግጣሙ እንተደኣ ኮይኑ ብዙሕ ውጽኢታዊ ዘይክኸውን ይኽእል።
Additionally, in some cases, the reopening of schools after a period of closure has resulted in increased infection rates.
ብተወሳኺ፡ ኣብ ገለ ቦታታት ምኽፋት ናይ ገለ ቤትትምህርትታት ድሕሪ ዝነበረ ምዕጻው፡ ነዚ ናይ መልከፍቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ወሲኽሉ።
As closures tend to occur concurrently with other interventions such as public gathering bans, it can be difficult to measure the specific impact of school closures.During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, school closures and public gathering bans were associated with lower total mortality rates.
ምዕጻዋት ምስቲ ናይ ህዝቢ ምትእክካባት ምግታእ ጎድኒ ዝትግበር ብሙካኑ፡ ነቲ ፍሉይ ናይ ቢት-ትምህርትታት ምዕጻው ዘምጸኦ ለውጢ ንምግምጋም ኣዝዩ ኣሽጋሪ ኢዩ።ኣብ 1918-1919 ዝነበረ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ለበዳ ኣብ ኣሜሪክ፡ ምዕጻዋት ናይ ቤት-ትምህርትታትን እገዳ ናይ ህዝባዊ ምትእክካባትን፡ ምስቲ ድምር ዝተሓተ መጠን ሞት ይተሓሓዝ ኔሩ።
Cities that implemented such interventions earlier had greater delays in reaching peak mortality rates.
እተን ነዚ ቀልጢፈን ዘተግበራ ከተማታት ነቲ ጥርዚ ብዝሒ ናይ ሞት ንኽበጽሓ ዘሎ ግዜ መጢጠንኦ ኢየን።
Schools closed for a median duration of 4 weeks according to a study of 43 US cities' response to the Spanish Flu.
ብ መሰረት ኣብ 43 ከተማታት ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ዝተገብረ ምጽናዕቲ ከም ግብረ መልሲ ናይ ስፐይን ኢንፍሉወንዛ፡ ንማእከላይ ደረት ግዜ ናይ 4 ሰሙን ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ተዓጽየን።
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian flu by 90% during the 1957–58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004–2008.Multiple countries successfully slowed the spread of infection through school closures during the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
ምዕጻው ናይ ቤት-ትምህርታት ነቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማም ካብ ናይ ኤስያ ፍሉ ብ 90% ኣብ 1957-58 ምስፍሕፋሕ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ክሳብ 50% ኣብ ምክልኻል ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ 2004-2008።ኣብ 2009: ብዙሓት ሃገራት ነዚ ምስፍሕፋሕ ናይ ሕማማት ናይ ሕማማት ኣብ ግዜ H1N1 ናይ ፍሉ ለበዳ፡ ቤት-ትምህርቲታት ብምዕጻው ዓጊተንኦ ኢየን።
School closures in the city of Oita, Japan, were found to have successfully decreased the number of infected students at the peak of infection; however closing schools was not found to have significantly decreased the total number of infected students.
ዕጽዋታት ቤት-ትምህርቲ ኣብ ከተማ Oita, ጃፓን ንቑጽሪ ናይቶም ዝተለኽፉ ተምሃሮ ኣብቲ ብዝሒ መልከፍቲ ብዕዉት መንገዲ ከምዘጒደሎ ተፈሊጡ፣ ይኹን እምበር ምዕጻው ኣብያተ-ትምህርቲ ንድምር ቁጽሪ መልከፍቲ ተምሃሮ ኣዐርዩ ከጒድሎ ኣይተራእየን።
Mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates.
ግዴታዊ ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርትን ካልእ ስጒምቲታት ማሕበራዊ ምፍንታትን ምስ መጠን ምጒዳል ምትሕልላፍ ኢንፍሉዌንሳ ካብ 29% ናብ 37% ዝተኣሳሰር እዩ።
Early school closures in the United States delayed the peak of the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
ኣቐዲምካ ቤት-ትምህርቲ ምዕጻው ኣብ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣመሪካ ነቲ ጫፍ ቁጽሪ ናይቲ ናይ 2009 H1N1 Flu (ፍሉ) ለበዳ ከምዝዱንጊ ገይርዎ።
Despite the overall success of closing schools, a study of school closures in Michigan found that "district level reactive school closures were ineffective."During the swine flu outbreak in 2009 in the UK, in an article titled "Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic" published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, a group of epidemiologists endorsed the closure of schools in order to interrupt the course of the infection, slow further spread and buy time to research and produce a vaccine. 
ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ኣብ ሚሽጋን ብሓፈሽኡ ዕዉት ኳ እንተነበረ፡ " ብ ደረጃ ኣውራጃ ወይ ዞባ ዝተገብረ ዕጽዋ ግን ዕዉት ኣይነበረን" ክብል ሓደ መጽናዕቲ ሓቢሩ፡፡ " ኣብ 2009፡ ለበዳ ሰዓል ሓሰማታት፡ ኣብ ዝነበረ ግዜ፡ ኣብ ዓባይ ብሪጣንያ" ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ኣብ እዋን ለበዳ ሰዓል" ብዝብል ኣርእስቲ ኣብ ዝወጸ ጽሑፍ፡ ብዙሓት ክኢላታት ዝርግሐን ምክትታልን ሕማማት፡ ምዕጻው ኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ዝርግሐ እቲ ሕማም ኣብ ምክልኻል ዓብዪ ተራ ከምዝጻወትን፡ ክታበት ንምርካብ ድማ ሓጋዚ ምዃኑን" ገሊጾም።
Having studied previous influenza pandemics including the 1918 flu pandemic, the influenza pandemic of 1957 and the 1968 flu pandemic, they reported on the economic and workforce effect school closure would have, particularly with a large percentage of doctors and nurses being women, of whom half had children under the age of 16.
ሕሉፍ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ለበዳ ከም ናይ 1918 ዘጠቃለለ፡ ናይ ኢንፍሊወንዛ ለበዳ 1957 ከም ኡውን 1968 ናይ ፍሉ (ሰዓል ቫይረስ) ለበዳ፡ ብምጽናዕ ምዕጻው/ምውሻብ ኣብ ኢኮኖሚን ሓይሊ ዕማምን ዘምጽኦ ጽልዋ ጸብጻብ ኣቅሪቦ፡ ብፍላይ ዝበዝሓ ሚእታዊት ናይ ዶክተራትን ነርሳትን ደቂ-ኣንስትዮ ዝሽፍነ ኦ ብሙኻነንን፡ ካብአን ድማ እተን ፍርቂ ትሕቲ 16 ዞድሚኦም ቆልዑ ብምህላዎምን፡ ነቲ ጸብጻብ ደሪዕዎ።
They also looked at the dynamics of the spread of influenza in France during French school holidays and noted that cases of flu dropped when schools closed and re-emerged when they re-opened.
ጉንፋዕ ብኸመይ ይዝርጋሕ ንኣብያተ ትምህርቲ ፈረንሳ ከም ኣብነት ብምውሳድ ዝተወስደ ኣብነት ከም ዘመልክቶ፡ ኣብ እዋን ዕረፍቲ ክጎድል ከሎ፡ ኣብ ግዜ ምኽፋት ድማ ይውስኽ።
They noted that when teachers in Israel went on strike during the flu season of 1999–2000, visits to doctors and the number of respiratory infections dropped by more than a fifth and more than two fifths respectively.
መማህራን እስራኤል ኣብ ወቕቲ ሰዓል 1999-2000 ንሸብሮ ምስ ወጹ ቊጽሪ ናይቶም ብምኽንያት ረኽሲ ምስትንፋስ ናብ ሓካይም ዝመጹ ሰባት ብ ሕምሲትን ክልተ ሕምሲተን ብተኸታታሊ ምጒዳሉ ድማ ኣመልኪቶም።
For schools and childcare facilities, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends short-term closure to clean or disinfect if an infected person has been in a school building regardless of community spread.
ናይ ቤት-ትምህርትታትን ቆልዑን መሳለጥያ፡ ናይ ሕቡራት መንግስታት ኣሜሪካ ማእከል ምቁጽጻር ሕማምን ምክልኻልን ከም ዝሓበሮ፡ ዝኾነ ልኹፍ ናይ ቫይረስ ኣብ ቤት-ትምህርቲ እንተደኣ ኔሩ ናይ ሓጺር ግዜ ውሸባን ምምካንን ክትግበር ከም ዘለዎ ይመክር፡ ናይቲ ምስፍሕፋሕ ኣብ ኮሚኒቲ ብዘየገድስ።
When there is minimal to moderate community transmission, social distancing strategies can be implemented such as cancelling field trips, assemblies, and other large gatherings such as physical education or choir classes or meals in a cafeteria, increasing the space between desks, staggering arrival and dismissal times, limiting nonessential visitors, and using a separate health office location for children with flu-like symptoms.
ነቲ ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ምትሕልላፍ ዝወሓደ እኹል ቁጽሪ ወይ (ብዉሑዱ ናብ ለበዳ ክቕይር ዝኽእል ቁጽሪ) እንተደኣ ኣሎ፡ ማሕበራዊ ምርሕሓቕ ፡ ምቁራጽ ናይ ፊልድ ጉዕዞ፡ ምቁራጽ ኣኼባታትን ካልኦት ዓበይቲ ምትእኽኻባትን ከም ስፖርት ምትእኽኽብ ፡ ናይ መዝሙር ን ሙዚቃ ምትእኽኻብ ምቁራጽ፡ ኣብ መመገቢ ዝግበር ምትእኽኻብ ምቁራጽ፡ ዘየድልዩ ኣጋይሽ ካብ ምእታው ምክልካል፡ ከምኡውን ነቶም ምልክታት ሕማም ዘለዎም ቆልዑ ፍሉይ ክፍሊ ምድላውን ካልኦትን ክትግበሩ ዘለዎ ኣገደስቲ መስርሓት ምክልኻል ናይ ምስፍሕፋሓት ለበዳ ኢዮም።
When there is substantial transmission in the local community, in addition to social distancing strategies, extended school dismissals may be considered.
ኣብቲ ከባብያዊ ማሕበረሰብ ልሉል ምምሕልላፍ ኣብ ዝህልወሉ እዋን፡ ኣብ ርእሲ እቶም ናይ ማሕበራዊ ርሕቀት ስትራተጂታት፡ ዝተናውሑ ዕጽዋታት ቤት-ትምህርቲ ኣብ ግምት ክኣትዉ ይኽእሉ።
On 26 January, China instituted measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak which included extending the Spring Festival holiday to contain the outbreak.
ኣብ ጥሪ 26 ፥ ቻይና ን ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ንምቁጽጻር ንፈስቲቫል ጽድያ ከም ምንዋሕ ዝኣመሰሉ ስጉምታት ወሲዳ።
Universities and schools around the country closed.
ኣብታ ሃገር ዝርከበ ዩኒቨርሲቲታትን ካልኣይ ደረጃ ኣብያት ትምህርትን'ዉን ተዓጽየን ኣለዋ።
On 23 February, Iran's Ministry of Health announced the closure of universities, higher educational institutions and schools in several cities and provinces.
ኣብ ለካቲት 23, ናይ ኢራን ሚኒስተር ናይ ጥዕና፡ ዩኒቨርሲቲታት፡ ላዕለዎት ትምህርትታት፡ ከምኡውን ኣብ ገለ ገለ ከተማታትን ዞባታትን ዘለዋ ቤት-ትምህርትታት፡ ክዕጸዋ ኣዊጁ።
On 3 March, UNESCO released the first global numbers on school closures and affected students.
ኣብ መጋቢት 3 ዩነስኮ ናይ ፈለማ ዓለማዊ ኣሃዝ ናይ ዝተዓጽዋ ኣብያተ ትምህርትን ዝተጠቕዑ ተምሃሮን ዘርጊሑ።
It reported that 13 countries had enacted preventive measures including the temporary closure of schools and universities, impacting 290.5 million students around the world.
13 ካውንቲታት ነቲ ን 290.5 ሚልዮን ተምሃሮ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ዝጸሉ ግዝያዊ ምዕጻው ኣብያተ-ትምህርትን ዩኒቨርሲታትን ዘጠቓልል ገታኢ ሕግታት ከምዝገበራ ሓቢሩ።