atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
ኣብዚ ትንተና፡ ብዛዕባ እቶም ሸውዓተ ናይ ቅድም/ዝሓለፉ HCoVs ሓፈሻዊ መግሊጺ ንህብ፡ ቀንዲ ናትና ኣተኮሩ ድማ ኣብቲ ርክበታትን ናቶም ዞኖቲካዊ መበቆልን ምምሕልላፍ ተእኽእሎታትን ኣብ ታርኽ ብምሙርካስ መግለጺ ንህብ
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
ከም ኣገዳሲ ድማ፡ ምምስሳልን ምፍልላይን ናይቶም ዝተፈላለዩ HCoVs ብዓይኒ ናይ ቫይረስ ፍልቀትን ናይ ጂን ምምስራሕን ክረአ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
እዚ እዋናዊ ሕማም ለበዳ ኮቪድ-19 ኣብዚ ኩነት እዚ ተዘትይሉ እዩ።
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
ከምተወሳኺ፡ ጠለባት ናይ ዕዉት ለውጢ ናይ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን፡ ስዉር መልእኽቲ ናይ ቫይረስ ፍልቀት ኣብ ጽኑዕ ሕማም ተገሊጾም።
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
ኮሮና ቫይረሳትን (CoVs) ኮሮናቪሪዳ ዚበሃሉ ጉጅለ ዝምደቡ ኮይኖም፡ ን ሽፉናት፡ንጽል RNA ዘለዎም ቫይረሳት ድማ የጠቓልሉ።
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
እዞም ቫይረሳት ዘዕቑብሉ እቲ ዝዓበየ ጂኖም ናይ 26 ክሳብ 32 ኪሎቤይዝ ኣብ መንጎ RNA ቫይረሳት ዘሎ ``CoVs `` ተሰምዮም እዮም።እዚድማ ብምኽንያት ኣኽሊላዊ መሰል ስነመዛርዕ ኣብ ትሕቲ ኤለክትሮን ማይክሮስኮፕ እዩ።
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
ብ ኣቀራርጻ፡ CoVs ዘይተመቕለ ጂኖምስ ኣለዎም፡ንሱ ኸኣ ተማሳሳሊ ውድብ ይካፈል።
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
ብገምጋም 2/3ናይ ሕነተ-ሰረት፡2 ዓበይቲ ዝተደራረበ ክፉት ንባብ መትሓዚ( ORF1a and ORF1b)፡ይሕዝ ናብ pp1a ን pp1ab ቅዳሕ ፖልይፕሮቲንስ ይትርጎሙ።
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
እዚ ፖሊፕሮቲን ድሕሪ ብዙሕ መስርሕ ቅርጺ-ዘይብሉ ፕሮቲን nsp1~16 ዝተባህለ ኣመንጭዩ ኢዩ።
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
እቲ ዝተረፈ ብጽሒት ናይ ጂኖም ኦኣርኤፍ ንናይ ቅርጻዊ ፕሮቲናት ይሕዝ፡ግራጭ(S)፡ ሰታሪ (E)፡ መምብራና (M)ን ንዩክሎፕሮቲን (N) የጠቃልል።
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
ብዝሓት ሓረጋት ንጹርተወሳኺ ፕሮቲናት ብ ዝተፈላለዩ ሓረጋት CoVs ተሸፊኑ እዩ።
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
ኣብ ፍልልያት መስርዕ ፕሮቲን ተመርኩስካ፡ኮቭስ ኣብ ኣርባዕተ ዘርእታት ይኽፈሉ፡ንሳቶም ከኣ (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV ከምኡውን delta-CoV) ፡ሓደ ኻብዚኦም ዘርእታት ቤታ-ኮቭ ዝልዓለ ኤችኮቭን ይሕዝ፡ናብ ኣርባዕተ ሓረጋት ወለዶ ታት( lineages (A, B, C ከምኡውን D) ይኽፈል።
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
ኣዕዋፍ ኣተን ቀንዲ መዕቆቢ ናይ gamma-CoVs beta-CoVs, ክኾና ከለዋ መንካዕን ኣናጹን ምንጪ ናይቶም ቀንዲ alpha-CoVs ን delta-CoVs ከምዝኾኑ ፊሎጀነቲካዊ መርትዖታት ኣርእዩ።
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
ቅድሚ ኣሽሓት ዓመታት ፡ CoVs ነቲ ናይ ስፒሽስ ወይ ዓሌት፡ ሓጹር ክሰግሮ ጸኒሑን ኣብ ገለ ገለ ግዝያት ውን ከም ኣገደስቲ ናይ ሰባት ናይ ሰበብ ሕማም ኮይኖም ማዕቢሎም።
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
ክሳዕ እዛ ዕለት ሸውዓተ CoVs (HCoVs) ተፈሊጦም።
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
ኣብ መንጎ ኦም ድማ HCoV-229E ከምኡ’ውን HCoV-NL63 ናይ alpha-CoVs ኢዮም
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
እዞም 5 ን HCoV-OC43፡ HCoV-HKU1 ዘማእከለ SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን SARS-CoV-2 የማእክል።
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 ኩሉ ግዜ ፎኲስ ምልክታት የምጽኡ፡ ከም ሳዓልን ውጽኣትን ወይ ሓዲኡ።
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
ከም ተጻራሪ፡ SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV ከምኡ’ውንእቲ ሓዲሽ ዝማዕበለ SARS-CoV-2 ኣዝዮም ጸለውቲ ኢዮም ሕማም ኣብ ምምሕልላፍ፡ ከም ሳዕቤኑ ድማ ውሑድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ረኽሲ ኣብ ብዙሓት ተሓከምቲ ኣርእዮም በንጻሩ ከቢድ ዝኾነ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ምጭናቕ ስይንድሮም (ARDS) ምስ አግዛትራፑልሞናርይ ኣስተርእዮ ጌሩ።
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
ኣብ ማእከላይ 1960 ታት ናይ መጀመርያ HCoV-229E መጉዳእቲ ቢ B814 ካብኣፍንጫዊ ፍሰት ናይ ሰዓል ዝሓመሙ ሰባት እዩ ተፈልዩ።
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
ካብ ሽዑ ጀሚሩ ድማ ኣዝዩ ብዙሕ ፍልጠት ብ ኣዝዩ ገፊሕ መጽናዕቲ ኣብ HCoV-229E ን HCoV-OC43 ን ተኻይዱ፡ ክልቲ ኦም ድማ ናይ ነብሰ-ግትኣት ምልክታት ጠንቂ ኔሮም።
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
ብልክዕ፡ ክሳብ እቲ ናይ SARS ምስፍሕፋሕ ዝጅምር፡ እቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ ሕማም ብ HCoVs ዝግበር ብሓፈሻ ዘይተጋዳኢ ሙኻኑ፡ ከም ሓሳብ ዓቢ ተቀባልነት ረኺቡ ኔሩ ኢዩ
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
ኣብ ህሉው ታሪኽ እቲ ኣብ 2003 ዘጋጠመ ተላባዒ SARS ሓደ ካብቶም ኣዝዩ ኣዕናዊ ሕማም ኮይኑ ልዕሊ 8000 ሰባት ዝለኸፈ ኮምኡ ውን ዳርጋ 10% ናይ መቕዘፍቲ ኩነትእዩ።
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
ድሕሪ ዓሰርተ ዓመታተ፡ለበዳ መርስ (MERS) (ምልባዕ ማእከላይ መብራቅ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሽግር) ቀጻሊ ኣብ ወሽመጥ ዓረብ ብፍጥነት ብምልባዕ ናብ ምሉእ ዓለም ለሓመ።
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
እዚ ኣብ 2019 HCoV ስዒቡ ብ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተሰመየ ጠንቃዊ ወኪል እዚ ዝላባዕ ዘሎ ሕማም ኮቭ 2019 እዩ። ኮቪድ-19 ኣብ መጋቢት 3, 2020 ልዕሊ 3,120 ህይወት ወሲዱ፡ከምኡ' ውን ልዕሊ 91,000 ሰባት ተጠቒዖም።
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
ናይ መጠንቀቕታ ደወል ይሃርም ኣሎ፡ ዓለም ነዚ ዝመጽእ ዘሎ ተላባዒ ሕማም SARS-CoV-2 ክትዳለወሉ ኣለዋ።
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
ሸውዓቲኦም HCoVs ናይ ዙኖቲክ መበቆል ካብ መንካዕ፡ኣንጭዋ ወይ ድማ እንስሳ ዘቤት ኣለዎም።
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
ብዙሕ ዘዓይነቱ መስመራት መረዳእታ፡ እዚ ፍልቀታዊ መበቆል ናይ ኩሉም HCoVs ካብ መንካዓት ምኻኑ ይድግፍ። ኣብኡ ቫይረሳት ኣዝዮም ልሙዳትን ሰበብ ሕማም ዘይኮኑን ግን ከኣ ዓቢ መበቆላዊ ፍልልያት ዘርእዩ እዮም።
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
እዚ ለበዳ ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ኣዝዩ ከቢድን ዓቢይን መሰናኽል ናይ ሕክምና፡ ማሕበራዊ ሂወት፡ ናይ ሞራል መሰናክላትን ፡ ን ቻይናን መላእ ዓለምን ኣምጺኡ ኢዩ።
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
ቅዳሕ መበቆል ዙኖቲክ ናይ HCoVs ኣሰራርዓ ባህርያዊ ታሪኽ፡ዘዋሪ ሓይልን ቀያዲ ረቛሒታት ምንጣር ናይ ጅር( ደቀቕቲ ህይወታውያን)ንኸረድእ ይሕግዝ።
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
እዚ ድማ ነቲ መኽዘን/መዕቆሪ ኣብ ምርካብ ክሕግዝ ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎ፡ መንጎጃታት ን ኣማዕበልቲን ኣኣንገድቲ እንስሳታት ናይ SARS-CoV-2፡ ምስ ኣዝዩ ኣገዳሲ ናይ መጻኢ ኣፋፍኖት ኣብ ምክልኻል ናይ በጨቕታ/ምንጅርባብ።
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
ኣብዚ መግለጺ እዚ ናይ ዞኖቲክ (zoonotic) መበቆል ሓፈሻዊ መግለጺ ኣቅሪብና፡ ከምኡ’ውንከምኡ’ውን ናይ ሓደ ዝዓሌቶም እንስሳታት ናይ HCoVs ምምሕልላፍን ናይ ሕማም ናይ ዘለዎም ተኽእሎታትን ገሊጽና ኣሎና
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
ብፍሉይ፡ ኣብዚ ልሙድ ኣረስቲ ነተኩሮሉን ንዘራረበሉን እዚ ወለዳዊ ቫይረሳት ናይ HCoVs ኣብቲ ተፈጥራዊ መዕቆሪ መዕቆቢኦም ብዓይነቱ ሰበብ ሕማም ኣይኮኑን።ድሕሪ ሓድሕዳዊ ናይ ጂር ምትሕልላፍ ናብ ሓድሽ መዕቆቢ ግን ሰበብ ሕማም ይኾኑ።
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
እቲ ናይ HCoV ናይ ሓበሬታ ገምጋማዊ ኣንፈታት ከም ዝተረዳእናዮ ውን፡ እቲ ሰበባት ወይ ጠንቅታት ናይ ሕማም ክጎድል ከሎ እቲ ቀንዲ ሕማም ናይ ምስፍሕፋሕ ተኽእልኡ ይውስኽ ኢዩ።
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
ውጽኢት ናይዚ ዝላባዕ ዘሎ ሳርስ-ኮቭ-2 ውን ኣብዚኩነታት ተዘትይሉ ኣሎ።
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
ናይ እንስሳ CoVs ካብ መወዳእታ 1930 ታት ኣትሒዙ ተፈሊጢ።
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
ቅድሚ ናይ መጀመርያ ምፍላይ ናይ HCoV-229E ገመድ ካብ ናይ ኣፍንጫ ምዙራቕ ናይ ተሓከምቲ፡ ምስ ልሙድ ሰዓል ዝተተሓሓዘ ዝተፈላለዩ CoVs ካብ ዝተፈላለዩ ዓይነት እንስሳታት ተፈልዮም ኢዮም፡ ከም ኣብነት ታርኪ፡ ኣንጭዋ፡ ብዕራይ፡ ሓሰማ፡ ድሙ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ከልቢ።
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
ኣብ ዝሓለፈ ዓሰርተ ዓመታት፡ሸዉዓተ HCoVs ተለልዮም ኣሎዉ።
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
ጽማቕ መምርሒ ታሪኽ ናይ HCoV ቫይረስ ርኽበት ነናይ ግዚኡ ብመስርዕ ኣብ (ሰንጠረጅ 1) ኣብራህን መሃርን ምኾነ ኔሩ።
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
እቲ ናይ መጀመርያ HCoV-229E ምምጣጥ ካብቲ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ስርዓት ናይ ተሓከምቲ ዝተፈልየ ኮይኑ ፡ እዚ ድማ ብፍላይ ነቲ ላዕለውይ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ስርዓት ብከላ ኣብ ዓመተ 1966 ዝውክል ኢዩ፡ ከሙኡውን ብተኸታታሊ ናይ ሳንብእ WI-38 ዋህዮታት መስመራት/ጭሕጋራት ከስዕብ ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎ።
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
እቶም በዚ ናይ HCoV-229E ዝተለኽፉ ተሓከምቲ፡ ካብ 10~20% ግዳያት ናይ ልሙድ ሰዓል ምልክታት፡ ረስኒ፡ ከምኡ’ውን ሰዓል ዝኣመሰሉ ምልክታት ኣርእዮም።
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
ጸኒሑ ኣብ 1967 HCoV-OC43 ካብ ህዋስ ምርባሕን ዝስዕብ ተኻታታሊ መተሓላለፊ ኣብ ኣእምሮ ናይ ውልዶ ኣናጹ ተፈልዩ ኔሩ።
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
እቶም ክሊኒካዊ መስርሓት ናይ HCoV-OC43 ረኽስታት ፡ ምስቲ ብሰንኪ HCoV-229E ዝወጽእ ረኽሲታት ተመሳሳሊ ኢዩ፡ እዚ ድማ ምስ ነቲ ብሰንኪ ኢንፍሊወንዛ A ቫይረስን ፡ ራይኖ-ቫይረስን ዝወጽእ ረኽሲ፡ ዝኾነ ኣማቲን መፈላለዪን ናይ ረኽሲ ዘይብሉ ኢዩ
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
ክልቲኦም HCoV-229E ን HCoV-OC43 ን ኣብ ኩሉ እልዓለም ተዘርጊሖም።ኣብ ግዜናይ ሓጋይ ወቕቲ ማእከላይኩነታት ኣየር ን ቕድመ ዕብለላ ዝተማሕላለፈ ባህሪ ኣርእዮም።
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
ብሓፈሻ ናይዞም ክልተ ቫይረሳት ትሕቲ ሓደ ሰሙን ዝጽለዉሉ ትሕቲ ሓደ ሰሙን እዩ፡ብገምጋም ከኣ 2 ሰሙን ናይ ሕማም ግዜ።
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
ብመንጽር መጽናዕቲ ወለንታውያን ሰባት፡ጥዑያት ውልቀሰባት ብ HCoV-229E ተለኺፎም፡ናብ ሰዓል ውን ማዕቢላ።
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
ዉሑድ ኢምዩኖቾምፕሮሚስድ ሕሙማት ጥራይ ከቢድ ታሕተዋይ ናይ ምስትንፋስ መተሓላለፍቲ መልከፍቲ ኣርእዮም።
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
ሳርስ ውን ዘይልሙድ ኒሞንያ ተባሂሉ ይጽዋዕ እዩ።እቲ መጀመርያ ጽቡቕ ዝተሰነደ HCoV ኣብ ታሪኽ ሰባትኣዝዩ ዝተላበዐን ጠንቁ SARS-CoV -2 ን እዩ፡ሳልሳይ SARS-CoV ተረኺቡ።
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
እዚ መጀመርታ ኩነት ናይ SARS ኣብ ጋዋንግ ኣውራጃ ናይ ቻይና ፡ ናብቲ ናይ መወዳእታ 2002 ክጽብጸብ ክኢሉ።
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
ተላባዒ SARS ምዝርጋሕ ኣብ ብዙሓት ሃገራትን ኣህጉራትን ናይ 8,096 ልኹፋት ምስ 774 ምዉታት ኣስዒቡ።
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
ካብቶም ኣዝዮም ንጡፋት ኣማሓላለፍቲ፡ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ግዳይ ብውሑዱ ን ነፍሲ ወከፍ 2 ሰባት ካልኣዊ ግዳያት ክገብሮም ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎን ክግምገም ድማ ይኽእልን፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ 4 ክሳብ 7 ናይ ውሸባ መዓልቲ ኸምኡውን እቲ ጥርዚ ናይ ቫይረስ ጽዕነት ዝረኣየሉ ግዜ ኣብ 10ይ መዓልቲ ክኸውን ከምዝኽእል ተገምጊሙ
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
ብ SARS-CoV ዝተፐኽፉ ሕሙማት መጀመርያ ዝተረኽቡ፡ ሚላጅያ፡ሕማም ርእሲ፡ ረስኒ፡ ቀጨውጨውን ገብገብታን ኣስዒቡ ዳይስፕንያ፡ ሰዓል፡ናይ ምስትንፋስ ጸገም፡ከም ናይ መወዳእታ ምልክታት እዮም።
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
ሊፎፐንያ፡ስራሕ ፈተናታት ነውጺ ጸላም ከብዲን ክብ ዝበለ ክሬቲንኪናሰናይ ሳርስ ዘይንቡርልሙድ ስነ መርመራ እዮም።
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
ዕንወት ትንሓግ ኢፒትኤሊያልዋሃዮ ምብዛሕ ን ተወሳኺ ማክሮፋጅስ ኣብ ሕማም SARS ትራእዩ።
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
ዳርጋ 20-30% ናይ ሕሙማት ከም ውጽኢቱ ጽዑቕ ክንክን ንመካኒካዊ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሓገዝ የድልዮም።
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
ከም ተወሳኺ ትሑት ናይ ምስትንፋስ ምትሕለላፍ፡ብዙሓት ህዋሳት ከም ባዓል ኣሞዑታዊምትሕልላፍ፡ጸላም ከብዲን ኩሊትን ውን ኣብ ጽንኩር ኩነት ክትንከፋ ይኽእላ እየን።ኩሉ ግዜ ምስ ስቶኪናዊ ማዓት ዝሓብር ፍሉይ ዘይምሕር ሕማም ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ።
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
እቲ ቫይረስ ን መጀመርታ ግዜ ካብቲ ክፉት ናይ ሳንቡእ ባዮፍሲ ዘመድ ናይቲ ሓባሪ ተሓካሚ ካብ ኵኣንዙ ናብ ሆን-ኮንግ ዝተጋዕዘ ፡ ተነጺሉ ኢዩ።
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
ካብ ሽዑ፡ናይ ኤችኮቭ መጽናዕቲ ሓይል ጻዕሪ ተወፍይሉ ኣሎ።
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
ኣብ መወዳአታ 2004 ወዲ 7 ወርሒ ህጻን ካብ ኔዘርላንድ ካብ HCoV-NL63 ተወሺቡ።
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
እዚ ሕማም ቀንዲ ንቆልዑ፡ ኣረጋውያን ንሕማማት ናይ ምጽዋር ዓቕሞም ዝደኸመ ሕሙማት ብፍላይ ድማ ናይ ስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ዘለዎም ከጥቅዕ እዩ ተረኺቡ።
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
ኣብ ብ HCoV-NL63 ዝመጽእ ሕማም ህላወ ናይ ኮርያዛ፡ ነድሪ ኮንጃክቲቫ፡ረስንን ነድሪ ጉርጉማን ልሙዳት እዮም።
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
ኣብ ነዘርላድ ንሓደ 8 ወርሒ ዝገበረ ህጻን ብኒሞንያ ሕማም ዝሳቀ ምፍላይ ናይ ሓደ ዓይነት ቫይረስ ካብ ኣፍንጫኣዊ መርኣይ ካልእ ዝተፈለየ መጽናዕቲ ገሊጽዎ።
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
ወላ’ካ ኣብ ነዘርላንድ እንተተፈልጠ፡ ኣብ ዓለም ምሉእ ኢዩ ኣስፋሕፊሑ ዘሎ።
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
ካብ ዝተገብረ ገምጋም HCoV-NL63 ፡ 4.7% ካብቶም ፍሉጣት ዓይነት ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማማት የጠቃልል፡ እቲ ጥርዚ ጽልዋ ድማ ኣብ መጀመርታ ናይ ክረምቲን ፡ ጽድያ ከምኡ’ውን ሓጋይ ይረኣይ
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63 ምስ ነድሪ-ሳጹን-ድምጺ ዝተሓሓዝ ኮይኑ፡ ክሩፕ ተባሂሉ ውን ይፍለጥ ኢዩ
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ዓመት HCoV-HKU1 ካብ ሓደ ወዲ 71 ዓመት ዓቢ ኣቦ ክእለ ተኻ ኢሉ፡ እዞም ሰብ ኣይ ተሓከኣሚ ናይ ኒሞንያን ብሮንካይትን ኣብ ከተማ ሆን-ኮንግ ኢዮምኔሮም
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
ጎኒ ጎድኒ ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ዝመሓላለፍ ኒሞንያን ብሮንካይትን፡ HCoV-HKU1 ምስ ሓደ ኣዝዩ ሓደገኛ ናይ ኣዝማ ጸገማት መስርሕ፡ ምትሕሓዝ ከም ዘለዎ ተሓቢሩ።
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
ተመሳስእሊ ን HCoV-NL63፡ HCoV-229E ከምኡ’ውን HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 ኣብ ዓለም ምሉእ ተረኺቦም፡ እዚኦም ድማ ከቢድ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሽግራት ኣስዒቦም
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
ኩሎም እዞም ኣርባዕተ ኮም-ዝረኸበ HCoVs ንሰባት ኣዝዮም ተለማሚዶም።ብሓፈሻ ዉሑድ ተኽእሎታት ንክልወጡ ዝልዓለ ሰበብ ሕማማት ንከምጽኡ እዮም።ዋላካ ሓደጋታት ንዘይተፈልጠ ምክንያታት ከም ኣብ ሳሕቲ ኩነት ናይ ሓደገኛ ንኡስምልክት ናይ HCoV-NL63 ኣጋጢሙ።እዚ ከኣ ኣብ ቻይና ከቢድ ምልክት ታሕተዋይ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ረኽሲ ከምዘምጽእ ኣብ ቀረባ እዋን ጸብጻብ ተዋሂቡ ኣሎ።
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
ብሓፈሻ እዞም HCoVs ብግቡአ ክማሓላለፉን ኣብ ሰባት ክጸንሑን ሓይሊ ኣለዎም፡ከምኡ'ውን ሓደግኛታት ኣይኮኑን።
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
MERS-CoV መጀመርያ ኣብ 2012 ተገሊሉ፡ እዚ ድማ ካብ ብ ሳንቡእ ዝመጽእ ሕማም ወዲ 60 ዓመት ተሓካሚ ፡ ከቢድ ናይ ኒሞንያን ናይ ኩሊት ውድቀት ዝተራእየሉ ኣብ ሱዕዲ ዓረብ ኢዩ።
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
ከምዚ ኢሉ ከሎ ዝበዝሐ ዝተረጋገጸ ናይ ላባራቶሪ ኩነትካብ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ይብገስ፡ናብ ውሽጢ ዝኣቱ ኩነት ምስ ሓሓሊፉዳግማይ ምዝርጋሕ ኣብ ዝተፈላለያ ሃገራት ኤሮጳን ቱኒዝያን ርክብ ንምዕጻው፡ዜና ተማሕላሊፉ።
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
ካልኣያዊ ካልእ ኣብ 2015 ኣብ ደቡብ ኮርያ፡ 186 ዝተረጋገጹ ሕማማት ኣጋጢሙ።
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
ናይ ክሊኒካት መጽናዕቲ ከም ዘነጸርዎ፡ MERS ን SARS ይመስል፡ እዚ ድማ ብ ናይ ንጡፍ ገስጋሳዊ ናይ ኒሞንያ መስርሕ ይግለጽ
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
ዘይከም SARS ፡ ብዙሓት ሕሙማት ናይ ኩሊት MERS ሕማም ኣማዕቢሎም፡ እዚ ኣዝዩ ዝተፈለየ ን MERS መንጎ HCoV ዘምጸአ ሕማማት እዩ።
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
እቶም ዳርጋ 30% ተሓከምቲ፡ ናይ ከብዲ ቃንዛ፡ ውጽኣት፡ ከምኡ’ውን ተምላስ ጸኒሕዎም።
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
ክሳብ ሎሚ ለካቲት 14፡ 2020፡ 2500 ግዳያት ብ ላባራቶሪ ዝተረጋገጸ ተመዝጊቡ ኣሎ፡ ምስ ኣዝዩ ልዑል ሞት ናይ ግዳያት 34.4% ተጸብጺቡ፡ እዚ ድማ MERS-CoV ሓደ ካብቶም ኣዕነውቲ ዓይነት ቫይረስ ን ደቂ-ሰባት ይገብሮ።
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
ኣብ ፍርቂ ታሕሳስ 2019፡ጥርኑፋት ናይ ፐኑሞንያሕሙማት ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ምትሕሓዝ ከምዘለዎ ተፈሊጡ፡መፕከፍቲ ናይዚ ሕማም ኣብ ኣውራጃ ቻይና ሑበይ፡ውሃኒ ተረኺቡ።
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
ናይዚ ህሉው ተላባዒረኽሲ ናይምስትንፋስ መተሓላለፊ ሕማም ጠንቁ SARS-CoV-2 ምዃኑ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም ብወግዒ ኣፍሊጡ።ዓለምለኻዊ ህጹጽ ህዝባዊ ጥዕና ብምትሕስሳብ ከምኡ ውን ነዚ ሕማም ኮቪድ-19 ኢሉ ሰሚዎ።
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
ኣብ መጋቢት 3,2020 ዓለም ለኻዊ 90,053 ኩነት ሕማም ምስ 3.4% ኩነት ዕንወት ተረጋጊጹ።
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
ከምዝፍለጥ እቲ ኩነት መቕዘፍቲ ሁበይ፡ቻይና 4.2% በንጻሩ እታ ሓንቲ ካብኡ ወጻኢ 1.2% እያ።
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 ከቢድ ዝኾነ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ረኽሲ ከስዕብ ይኽእል፡ ልክዕ ከም SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን ፡ ብ ረስኒ፡ ሰዓል ን ዘይምሕቃቕን ዝግለጹ።
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
ኣብቶም ገለ ተሓከምቲውን ውጽኣት ይረአ ከምዘሎ ተሓቢሩ።
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ፕኑሞንያ ሓደ ካብቲ ቀንዲ ጽኑዕ ምልክት ናብ ኣዝዩ ብርቱዕ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም እዩ።
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
ሽሕ'ዃ SARS-CoV ን SARS-CoV-2 ኣዝዩ ዝተማሳሰለ እንተኾኑ ፡ ብምኽንያት ልዑል ንዩክሎታይድ ናይ 82% ዝምደና ናብ ዝተፋላለዩ ጨንፈራት ኣብ ፊሎጀነቲክ ገረብ ይእከብ።
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
ከም ዝተሰምዐ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ትሑት ሰበብ ሕማም እዩ፡ግን ምስ SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን ብምንጽጻር ዝለዓለ ናይ ምምሕለላፍ ክእለት ኣለዎ።
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
ኣርእስቲ ምልክት ዘይብሉ ሕማም ብ SARS-CoV-2 ከም እተለኽፈ ጸብጻብ ሓሊፉ።እዚ ድማ ኣብ መላእ ዓለም ቀልጢፉ ዝርግሐ ከምጽእ ይኽእል።
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
ተወዳዳሪን ተነጻጻርን SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ካልኦት ሽድሽተ ኤችኮቭ ዓብይ ኣገዳስነት ናይ ተመሳሳልነትን ፍልልያትን የርኢ።
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
መጀመርያ፡ እቲ ናይ ምንቃሕ ወይ ምሕቃፍግዜን እቲ HCoVs ዝጸንሓሉ እዋንን ኣዝዮም ተመሳሰልቲ ኢዮም።
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
በዚ ትዕዝብቲ፡ SARS-CoV-2 ሓፈሻዊ ኣንፈት ናይ ካለኦት ሽዱሽተ HCoVs ይኽተል።
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
ካልኣይ፡ ክብደት ናይ ምልክታት ኮቮድ-19 ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV እዞም ኣርባዕ ኮም ዝረኸበ HCoVs HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 ከም`ኡውን HCoV-NL63) ይርከብ።
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
በቲ ሓደ ኢድ ፡ እቲ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ረኽሲ ልክዕ ከምቲ ዝበዝሐ ካብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝስዕብ HCoVs ዘስዕቦ ረኽሲ የርኢ፡ እዚ ድማ ፍሉጣት ፡ ልዙባትን ፍኮስትን ምልክታት ወይውን ፍጹም ምልክታት ዘይብሉ ክኸውን ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎ።
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
ብካልእ ዓይኒ፡ ሓደ ውሑድ እኩብ ናይ ከቢድ ዝሕማሞም ግዳያት ጉጅለ ናይ COVID-19 ልክዕ ከም ናይ SARS-CoV ረኽሲ ተርእዮ ከርኢ ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ ወላካ እቲ መጠነ-ዝምድና ብመጠኑ ውሑድ እንተኾነ
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
ሳልሳይ፡ እቲ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ሓደ መሳጢ ባህርያት ናይ መስርዕ ናይ ካብ ኮሚኒት ዝመሓላለፉ ዓይነት HCoVs ን SARS-CoV ን ኣርእዩ።
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
በቲ ሓደ ኢድ፡ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣማሓላልፋ እንተዋሓደ ልዕልንኡ ማዕረ ከምቶም ማሕበረ ሰብ ዝቐሰምዎ HCoVs እዩ።
On the other hand, it remains to be verified whether the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 decreases after passages in humans as in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
በቲ ካልእ ዓይኒ ድማ፡ ምስቲ ናይ of SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን ካብን ናብን ምጉዓዝ፡ እቲ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእልኡ ተዳኺሙ ክኸውን ከም ዝኽእል ንይ ምርግጋጽ መስርሕ ብሕጂ ክኸውን ኢዩ።
Finally, same as the other HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in fecal samples.
ኣብ መደምደምታ፣ ልክዕ ከምቶም ካልኦት ቫይረሳት HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 እውን ኣብ ናይ ቀልቀል ምስክር ክርከብ ይከኣለ እዩ።
Whether fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role as in the case of SARS-CoV at least under some circumstance remains to be clarified by future studies.
እንተ ኮነ ኣፋዊ-ቀልቀል ምትሕልላፍ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣገዳሲ ተራ ይጻወት ከም ኣብ ኩነት ናይ SARS-CoV እንተ ወሓደ ኣብ ገለ ኩነታት ብናይ መጻኢ መጽናዕ ክንጽር ይቅጽል።
It is also of particularly great interest to see whether SARS-CoV-2 might exhibit seasonality as in the cases of community-acquired HCoVs.
እዚ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ናይ ካብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝመሓላለፉ HCoVs ፡ ወቅታዊ ተርእዮታት ዝገብር ምኻኑ ውን ካልእ ሰሓቢ ነገር ኢዩ።
Nevertheless, the features of SARS-CoV-2 including its transmissibility, pathogenicity and sustainable spreading after passages in humans will be influential on the ultimate fate of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.
ጠባያት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ናይ ምትሕልላፍ ተኽእልኡ፡ኣመጻጽእኡ፡ድሕሪ ናብ ሰባት ምሕላፍ ቀጻሊ ምዝርጋሕ ኣብ ለዕሊ ሙሉእ ጽሕፍቶ ናይዚ ዝላባዕ ዘሎ ኮቪድ-19 ደራኺ ክኸውን እዩ።
All four community-acquired HCoVs causing mild symptoms have been well adapted to humans.
ኣርባዕቲኦም ማሕበረሰብ HCoVs ኣብ ሰባት ፈኲስ ምልክት ከምዘኸትል ቀሲሞም።
From another perspective, it might also be true that humans have been well adapted to these four HCoVs.
ካብ ካለእ ኣራኣእያ ሰባት ነዞም ኣርባዕተ HCoVs ኣዝዮም ተለማሚደሞም ጸኒሖም ዝብል ሓቂ ክኸውን ውን ይኽእል እዩ።
In other words, both could be the survivors of ancient HCoV pandemics.
ብካልእ ኣበሃህላ፡ ክልቲኦም ቫይረሳት ተረፍ ናይቶም ቀደም ተራእዩ ዝነበረ ዓለምለኻዊ ለበዳ HCoV ክኾኑ ይክእሉ።
HCoVs that cause severe diseases in humans and humans who developed severe HCoV diseases have been eliminated.
እቶም ኣብ ሰባት ከቢድ ሕማማት ዘምጽኡ HCoVs ን፡ እቶም ከቢድ ናይ HCoVs ሕማም ከማዕብሉ ዝኽእሉ ደቂ-ሰባትን ፡ ተኣልዮም ኢኦም።
For this to happen, HCoVs have to replicate in humans to sufficient extent to allow the accumulation of adaptive mutations that counteract host restriction factors.
እዚ ክፍጸም እንተድኣ ኮይኑ HCoVs ኣብ ሰባት ክሳብ እኹል ናይ ግዜ ንውሓት ክባዝሑ ክኽእሉ ኣለዎም፡ እዚ ድማ ናይ ኣብ ገለ ግዳያት ተሞርኪስካ ምእካብ ናይ ዝተወሃሃደ ለውጢን ኣብ ኣኣንጋዲ ከቝውም ተኽእሎታት ከም ዘሎ የርኢ ኢዩ
In this sense, the longer the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak persists and the more people that it infects, the greater chance that it will fully adapt to humans.
በዚ ስምዒት ድማ፡ እቲ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣዚዩ ኣብ ዝስፍሕፋሓሉ እዋን፡ እቶም ተለከፍቲ ሰባት ድማ ኣዝዮም ይበዝሑ፡ በዚ መጠን ድማ እቲ ሰባት ነዚ ሕማም ክወሃሃድዎ ዘሎ ተኽእሎ ይዓቢ
If it adapts well, its transmission in humans would be difficult to stop by quarantine or other infection control measures.
ጽቡቕ ጌሩ ተወሃሂድወን እንተደኣ ኮይኑ፡ እቲ ብ ውሸባ ን ካልእ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ምቁጽጻር መስርሕ ዝግበር ዘሎ ኣገዳሲ ወይ ድማ ኣድላዩ ዘይክገብሮ ይኽእል ኢዩ።
For many years, the four community-acquired CoVs circulate in human populations, triggering common cold in immunocompetent subjects.
ን ብዙሕ ዓመታት ፡ እቶም 4 ዓይታት ናይ ኮሚኒቲ ዝመሓላለፉ CoVs ኣብ ሰባት ዝጸንሑ ፡ ሓደ ልሙድ ዝኾነ ሕማም ሰዓል ኣመሓላሊፎም።
These viruses do not need an animal reservoir.
እዞም ቫይረሳት ናይ እንስሳ መዕቆቢ ኣይደልዩን።
In contrast, highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have not adapted to humans well and their transmission within humans cannot be sustained.
ብ ኣንጻሩ ልዑል ሰበብ ሕማም SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ኣብ ሰባት ጥዑይ ጌሩ ኣይረዓመን ኣሎ፡እቲ ምትሕልላፍ ኣብ ሰባት ክጸንሕ ኣይክእልን።
They need to maintain and propagate in their zoonotic reservoirs and seek the chance to spillover to susceptible human targets, possibly via one or more intermediate and amplifying hosts.
ኣብ ናይ ዙኖቲክ መዕቆቢኦም ክጸንሑን ክዝርግሑን የድልዮም፡ኮምኡ'ውን ዕድል ናይ ምልሓኽ ናብ ናይ ሰባት ጨመተ ይደልዩ።
SARS-CoV-2 has features that are similar to both SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs.
SARS-CoV-2 ምስቶም SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV ን ነቶም ካልኦት ኣርባዕተ ካብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝመጹ HCoVs፡ ምምስስላ ናይ መልክዕ ኣለዎ።
It is highly transmissible like community-acquired HCoVs, at least for the time being.
ማሕበረሰብ ዝቐሰምዎ HCoVs እንተወሓደ ኣብ ግዚኡ ልዑል ናይ ምትሕልላፍ ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ።
However, it is more pathogenic than community-acquired HCoVs and less pathogenic than SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV.
እንተኾነ ግን፡ ካብቲ ብ ኮሚኒቲ ዝመሓላለፍ ወይ ኣብ ውሽቲ ኮሚኒቲ ዝወራረስ HCoVs፡ ዝከፈአ ሰበብ ሕማም ክኸውን ይኽእል፡ ካብ SARS-CoV ወይ MERS-CoV ግን ዝተሓተ ሰበብ ሕማም ናይ ሙኻን ተኽእሎ ኣለዎ።
It remains to be seen whether it will adapt fully to humans and circulate within humans without a reservoir or intermediate animal host.
ቫይረስ ኣብ ሰባት ብምልኣት ክርዕም ይርኣይ፡ ከምኡ'ውን ኣብ ሰባት ብዘይ ምዕቆቢ ወይ ማእከላይ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን ይዘውር።
Before discussing the animal origins of HCoVs, it will serve us well to discuss the definitions and characteristics of evolutionary, natural, reservoir, intermediate and amplifying hosts of HCoVs.
ቅድሚ ምዝታይመበቆል እንስሳ ናይ HCoVs ንምብራህን ፍልቀታዊ ባህርያትንተፈጥሮኣዊ፡ሓጽቢ፡ማእከላይን ኣብራሂ መዕቆቢ ናይ HCoVs ንምዝታይ ኣዝዩ የገልግለና።
An animal serves as the evolutionary host of an HCoV if it harbours a closely related ancestor sharing high homology at the level of nucleotide sequence.
እንተድኣ ብቐረባ ዝዛመድ ወለዶ የዕቊቡ፡ልዑል ዝምድና ኣብ ጽፍሒ ናይ ኒዩክሎታይድ ተመቒሉ፡እንስሳ ከም ፍልቀታዊ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን ናይ HCoV ኮይኑ ከገልግል።
The ancestral virus is usually well adapted and non-pathogenic in this host.
እዚ ጥንታዊ ቫይረስ ኣብዚ መዕቆቢ ኩሉ ግዜ ኣዝዩ ዝተሰማምዐን ዘይተፈጥራውን እዩ።
Likewise, a reservoir host harbours HCoV continuously and for long term.
ብተማሳሳሊ፡ ሓጽቢ ናይ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን ኤች ኮቪድ ብቀጻልን ንነዊሕግዝዬን የዕቁብ።
In both cases, the hosts are naturally infected and are the natural hosts of HCoV or its parental virus.
ኣብ ክልቲኡ ጉዳያት፡ እዚ መዕቆቢታት ብባህሪኦም ዝተለኽፉ እዮም።ከምኡ ከኣ ብተፈጥርኡ መ ዕቆቢ ናይ HCoV ወይ ወለዳዊ ቫይረስ እዩም።
In contrast, if the HCoV is newly introduced to an intermediate host right before or around its introduction to humans, it is not well adapted to the new host and is often pathogenic.
በንጻሩ እንተዳኣ HCoV ናብማእከላይ መዕቖቢ ሂወታዊያን ኣቐዲሙ ወይ ኣብ ከባቢ መእተዊኡ ናብ ሰባት ተኣታትዩ፡ነቲ ሓዲሽ መዕቆቢ ሂወታዊያን ኣይተለማመዶን መብዛሕቲኡ ግዜ ሰበብ ሕማም አዩ።
This intermediate host can serve as the zoonotic source of human infection and play the role of an amplifying host by allowing the virus to replicate transiently and then transmitting it to humans to amplify the scale of human infection.
እቲ ማእከላይ ኣማሓላላፊ ኣኣንጋዲ ከም ዞኖቲክ (zoonotic) (zoonotic) ምንጪ ከገልግል ይኽእል ኢዩ፡ ንሱ ድማ ኣብ ምምዕባል ነቲ ኣኣንጋዲ ቫይረስ ክራባሕ ባይታ ብምፍጣር ነቲ ኣብ መንጎ ሰባት ዘሎ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእሎታቱ ኵውስኽን ተኽእሎታት ኣለዎ
An HCoV can undergo a dead-end infection if it cannot sustain its transmission within the intermediate host.
ኣብ ማእከላይ መዕቆቢ ሂወታውያን ውን ምትሕልላፍ ምትሕልላፍ ከጽንሕ እንተዘይ ክኢሉ፡ኤች ኮቪድ ረኽሲ ኣየምጽእን።
On the contrary, HCoVs can also adapt to the intermediate host and even establish long-term endemicity.
በንጻሩ ናይ ሰባት HCoVs ንማእኸላይ መዕቆቢ እንስሳታት ክለምዶ ይኽእል ከምኡ'ውን ንነዊሕ ግዜ ሱር ይሰድድ።
In this case, the intermediate host becomes a natural reservoir host.
ኣብዚ ጉዳይ፡እዚ ማእከላይ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን ባህርያዊ መዕቆቢ ኮይኑ።
Epidemiological data revealed retrospectively that the index case of SARS had a contact history with game animals.
ስነ ለበዳዊ መረዳእታ ኣብ ሕሉፍ ተገሊጹ እዚ ከኣ ሓባሪ ናይ ኩነት ሳርስ ምስ ናይ ጸወታ እንስሳታት አብ ታሪክ ርክብ ነይርዎ።
Subsequent seroprevalence investigations indicated that animal traders had a higher prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV IgG compared with that of the general population.
ብዝስዕብ ናይ ሰሮፕረቫለንስ መርመራታት ከምዘመልክቶ ናይ አንስሳታት ነጋዶ ምስ ሓፈሻዊ ህዝቢ ብምንጽጻር ናይ ጸረ SARS-CoV IgG ዝለዓለምስፍሕፋሕ ነይርዎም።
Masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and a racoon dog in live animal markets were first identified to carry SARS-CoV-like viruses that are almost identical to SARS-CoV.
ዝተሸፈነ ዝባድ ከብዲ ኢድ (ፓጉማ ላርቫታ)ን ራኹን ከልቢ ኣብ ዕዳጋታት ህያው እንስሳ ንኽስከሙሳርስ ኮሮናቫይረስ ንመጀመርታ ግዜምስ SARS-CoV ማንታ ዝኾነ SARS-CoV ዝመስል ቫይረስ ተረኺቡ።
This was indirectly supported by the fact that no further SARS was reported after killing all civets in the markets.
እዚ ድማ ብተዘዋዋሪ፡ ሲቨትስ ኩሎም ካብ ዕዳጋ ኣብ ዝጠፍኡሉ እዋን እቲ ናይ SARS ቁጽራዊ ጸብጻባት ታሕቲ ከም ዝወረደ ኢዩ ዘነጽር።
However, it has been reported that masked palm civets from the wild or farms without exposure to the live animal markets were largely negative for SARS-CoV, suggesting that masked palm civets might only serve as the intermediate amplifying host but not the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
እንተ ኮነ ከምዚ ኢሉ ተነጊሩ ዝተሸፈነ ከብዲ ኢድ ዝባድ ካብ መሮር ወይ ሕርሻታት ኣብ ዕዳጋታት ህያዉያን እንስሳ ብዘይምቅላዕ፡ SARS-CoV ብዓብኡ ኣሉታ ነይሩ።ከም ሓሳብ ዝተሸፈነ ከብዲ ኢድ ዝባድ ከም ማእከላይ መጉልሒ መዕቆቢ ኮይኑ የገልግል ግን እዚ ናይ ተፈጥራዊ መዕቆሪ ናይ SARS-CoV ኣይኮነን።
Notably, since 80% of the different animals in the markets in Guangzhou have anti-SARS-CoV antibodies, the possibilities that multiple species of small mammals might also serve as intermediate amplifying hosts of SARS-CoV cannot be excluded.
ኣውራ'ኳ፡ካብ 80% ናይ ዝተፈላለዩ እንስሳታት ኣብ ዕዳጋታት ጉዋንጉዞ ጸረ SARS-CoV ጸረ-ነፍሳት፡ እቶም ብዝሒ ዓሌት ናይ መጥበውቲ ከም ማእከላይ ነቶም ኣኣንገድቲ ምቅላዕን SARS-CoV ዘይክከኣል ይኽእል ኢዩ።
All of these appear to be dead-end hosts of SARS-CoV.
እዚ ኩሉ ዝተጠቅሰ ድማ ናብ መወዳእታ ወይ መጨረሽታ ናይ SARS-CoV ዝወስዱን ዝእንፍቱን ይመስሉ።
Subsequent search for the natural animal host of SARS-CoV unveiled a closely related bat CoV, termed SARS-related Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU3 (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3), which exists in Chinese horseshoe bats.
ቕጻሊ መጽናዕቲ ንመዕቆቢ እንስሳ ናይ SARS-CoV ንቕርበት ዝምድና መንካዕ CoV ኣቃሊዕዎ። ብተዛማዲ SARS ምስ Rhinolophus (ሪኖሎፎስ) ማንካዕ CoV HKU3 ((SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3))ተሰምዩ።እዚ ኣብ ቻይናዊ ጫማ ፈረስ መንካዕ ይረአ።
These bats are positive for anti-SARS-CoV antibodies and genome sequence of SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3.
እዞም መንካዓት ኣወንታ ናይ ጸረ SARS-CoV ኮሮናቫይረስ እዮም።ቀጥታዊ ናይ SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3እዮም።
This and other bat CoVs share 88-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV.
እዚ ንካልኦት ናይ መንካዕ CoVs ፡ ካብ 88-92% ኑውክሎታይድ መስርዕ ሆሞሎጂ ምስ SARS-CoV፡ የከፋፍላ
These studies have laid the foundation for the new concept that bats host emerging human pathogens.
እዞም መጽናዕትታት መሰረት ናይዚ ሓድሽ ሓሳብ ኣለዎም፡ እዚ ድማ መንክዓት ነቲ ናይ ሰባት ኣኣንጋዲ ሰበብ-ሕማማት የማዕብሉ
Several SARS-like CoVs (SL-CoVs) have also been identified from bats, but none except for one designated WIV1 can be isolated as live virus.
ገለ ገለ ናይ SARS-like CoVs (SL-CoVs) ውን ካብ መንካዕ ተረኺቡ ኢዩ፡ እንተኾነ ግን ብጀካ እቲ ናይ WIV1 ቫይረስ ፡ ብሂወቱ ክፍለ ዝኽእል የልቦን።
Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor of SARS-CoV.
ናይ ሰብ ኣንግዮተንሲን ዝልዉጥ ኢንዛየም 2 ACE2) ተቀባሊ ሳርስ-ኮቭ ከም ዝኮነ ተፈሊጡ።
WIV1 derived from fecal sample of bats was demonstrated to use bat, civet and human ACE2 as receptor for cell entry.
WIV1 ካብ ናይ መንካዕ ቀልቀል መፈተኒ ተወሲዱ።እዚ ኸኣ ን መንካዕ፡ዝባድን ሰባት ACE2 ከም መቐበሊ መእተዊ ዋሃዮ ንመብርሂ ተጠቂምሉ።
Intriguingly, sera of convalescent SARS patients were capable of neutralizing WIV1.
ተገዳስነት፡ ሰራ ናይ ጸማልያንነት ናይ SARS ተሕከምቲ ነቲ WIV1 ከምዘይሰርሕ ጌሮሞ ወይ ኣድኺሞሞ
Thus far, WIV1 represents the most closely related ancestor of SARS-CoV in bats, sharing 95% nucleotide sequence homology.
ክንድኡ ርሕቀት WIV1 ኣዝዩ ዝቐረበ ናይ ወለዶታት SARS-CoV ኣብ መንካዕ የመልክት፡95%ንዩክሎታይድ ዝምድና ይካፈል።
Albeit the high homology between these two viruses, it is generally believed that WIV1 is not the immediate parental virus of SARS-CoV and bats are not the immediate reservoir host of SARS-CoV.
ሽሕ'ኳ ኣብ መንጎ እዞም 2 ቫይረሳት ሓያል ዝኾነ ዝምድና እንተሃለወ ፡ WIV1 ን SARS-CoV ናይ ቀረባ ወላዲ ቫይረስ ግን ክበሃል ኣይከኣልን ፡ መንካዕ ድማ ናይ ቀረባ ኣኣንጋዲ መዕቆሪ ናይ SARS-CoV ኣይኮነን
Phylogenetic analysis clusters MERS-CoV to the same group as bat CoV-HKU4 and bat CoV-HKU5.
መጽናዕቲ መቦቆል ቫይረስ MERS-CoV ስ ምስቶም ብመካዕ ዝመሓላለፉ ቫይረሳት ኮሮናቫይረስ-ኤችከይዩ4ን (bat CoV-HKU4) ኮሮናቫይረስ-ኤችከይዩ5ን (bat CoV-HKU5) እዩ ዝምደብ።
Bat CoV-HKU4 and MERS-CoV utilize the same host receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), for virus entry.
መንካዕ፡ CoV-HKU4 ከምኡ’ውን MERS-CoV ሓደ ዓይነት ኣኣንጋዲ ተቀባሊ ክጥቀሙ እንከለዉ፡ ዲፐፕቲድይል ፐፕቲሰይስ 4 (DPP4)፡ ን ነፍሲ ወከፍ ቫይረስ
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences of MERS-CoV are phylogenetically closer to counterparts in bat beta-CoVs identified from Europe and Africa.
ናይ MERS-CoV ተኸተልቲ ብዓል RNA ጽግዕተኛ RNA ፖሊመርሳ ፊሎጀነቲካልይ ናብ ናይ መንካዕ beta-CoVs ቕርበት ዝምድና ከምዘለዎም ኣብ ኤሮጳን ኣፍሪቃን ተፈሊጡ።
Up to now, no live MERS-CoV can be found in wild bats.
ክሳብ ሕጂ MERS-CoV ኣብ ናይ መሮር መንከዓት ህይወት ክርከብ ኣይከኣልን እዩ።
MERS-CoV and its closest relative bat CoV-HKU25 share only 87% nucleotide sequence homology.
MERS-CoV ን እቲ ቀንዲ ዘመዱ ናይ መንካዕ CoV-HKU25 ዳርጋ 87% ናይ ኒውክሎቲደ መስርዕ ዝምድና ምምስሳል ኣለዎም።
Thus, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
እዘን መንካዓት ቀጥታዊ መዕቆቢ ሂወታውያን ናይ MERS-CoV ብቐጥታ ክኽዝን ይኽእል።
On the other hand, studies in Middle East have shown that dromedary camels are seropositive for MERS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies, same as camels of Middle East origin in multiple African countries.
በቲ ሓደ ወገን፡ ኣብ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ ኣብ ኣግማል ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ኣመልኪቱ፡ናይ ማእከላይ ምብራቕ መበቆሎም ኣግማል ንብዙሓት ኣብ ኣፍሪቃ ሃገራት ዘለዉ ሓደ ዝመንጉዶኦም ኣግማል ሲሮፖዚትን MERS-CoV ዝበረደ ጸረ ኣካል እዮም።
Live MERS-CoV identical to the virus found in humans was isolated from the nasal swabs of dromedary camels, further indicating that camels serve as the bona fide reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
ከም MERS-CoV ምስ ኣብ ሰባት ዝተረኽበ ዓይነት ቫይረስ ተመሳሳሊ፡ ካብቲ ናይ ኣፍንጫዊ ቅምሶ ናይ ድሮመድርይ ዓሌት ገመል ተገሊሉ፡ እዚ ድማ ኣግማል ከም ሓቀኛታት ኣኣንጋዲ መዕቆሪ ናይ MERS-CoV ከም ዝኾኑ የረጋግጽ።
It is also noteworthy that generally mild symptoms but massive virus shedding were observed in camels experimentally infected with MERS-CoV.
ካልእን ክንግንዘቦ ዘለና ነገር ድማ፡ ኣብ ናይ ሕክምን ኣገባብ ብ MERS-CoV ዝተለኽፋ ኣግማል ፈኪስ ዝኾነ ምልክታትን ሰፊሕ ሸፈነ ናይ ቫይረስን፡ ከምዝተራእየ።
Notably, infected camels shed viruses not only through respiratory route but also through fecal-oral route, which is also the main route for virus shedding from bats.
ክስትውዓለሉ ዘለዎ ዝተለኽፉ ኣግማል ብናይ ምስትንፋስ መገዲ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ ግናኸ ብናይ ኣፍ ቀልቀል መገዲ ቫይረሳት የውጽእ። ካብ መንካዓት ቀንዲ መንገዲ መውጽኢ ቫይረስ እዩ።
However, questions still remain since many confirmed cases of MERS have no contact history with camels prior to symptom onset, plausibly ascribed to human-to-human transmission or unknown transmission routes involving unrecognized animal species that harbour MERS-CoV.
እንተኾነ ግን፡ እቶም ናይ MERS ግዳያት ቅድሚ እቲ ምልክታት ክረአ ምጅማሩ ፡ ምስ ኣግማል ዝኾነ ምትሕሓዝ ስለ ዘይጸንሖም ፡ ብዙሕ ሕቶታት ኢዩ ኣላዒሉ፡ ወይ ውን MERS-CoV ኣዕቂብሉ ዝጸንሐ ዘይተፈልጠ እንስሳ ነቲ ካብ ሰብ ናብ ሰብ ዝመሓላለፍ ሕማም ኣስዒቡ ከይከውን ክበሃል ዝጸንሐ ቅኑዕ ዝመስ ሓብሬት ምጥርጣር ኣምጺኡ ይርከብ
SARS-CoV-2 shares 96.2% nucleotide homology with a bat CoV RaTG13 isolated from Rhinolophus affinis bats.
SARS-CoV-2 ምስ ናይ መንካዕ CoV RaTG13 ናይ 96.2% ናይ ዝምድና ነውክሎቲደ ምምስሳላት ኣለዎ፡ እዚ ግኝ ካብ ሪኖሎፉስ ኣፊንስ ዝዓይነተን መካዕ ይፍለ ኢዩ
As in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is too great to assign parental relationship.
ከም ኣብ ጉዳያት SARS-CoV ን MERS-CoV ን፡ወለድኣዊ ዝምድና ንምምዛዝ ፍልልያት ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ን RaTG13 ኣዝዩ ዓቢ እዩ።
That is to say, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host(s) of SARS-CoV-2 unless almost identical bat CoVs are found in future.
ብኻልእ ውበሃህላ፡መንካዓት ቀጥታ መዕቆቢ ህይወታውያን SARS-CoV-2 ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም እንተዘይኮይኑ ሓደ ዓይነት ባትስ ኮሮናቫይረስ ክርከቡ እዮም።
Presumably, the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2 should be among the wildlife species sold and killed at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, with which many of the initial cases of COVID-19 were associated, indicative of a probable animal-to-human transmission event.
ድሮ እቶም ማእኸሎት መዕቆቢታት ሂወታውያን እንስሳ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ ማእኸል እንስሳ ሞሮር ጂር ዝሽየጥሉን ዝሕረድሉን ኣብ ዕዳጋ ህዋናን ጂምላ ናይ ባሕሪ መግቢ መሸጣ ክኸውን ኣለዎ።ምስ'ዚ ኾምኡ ብዙሓት መበገሲ ኹነት ናይ ኮቪድ-19 ተተሓሒዙ ነይሩ።እዚ ካብ እንስሳ ናብ ሰብ ምትሕልላፍ ኽሕሉ ዝኽእል ምልክት ፍጻሜ እዩ።
Several recent studies based on metagenomic sequencing have suggested that a group of endangered small mammals known as pangolins (Manis javanica) could also harbour ancestral beta-CoVs related to SARS-CoV-2.
ብመሰረት ተከታታልነት metagenomic (ሜታጀኖሚክ)፡ጉጅለ ናይ ሓደገኛታት መጥበውቲ ጽሒራ ዝብሃሉ ንናይ ጥንታዊ beta-CoVs ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ዝዛመድ ኣብ ዉሽጦም ከማዕብሉ ከም ዝክእሉ፡ ገለ ናይ ቀረባ መጽናዕትታት ሓሳብ ሂቦም።
These novel pangolin CoV genomes share 85-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV-2.
እዞም ጽሒራ ኮቪድ ሕነተ-ሰረት 85-92% ኒዩክሎታይድ ዝምድና ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ይካፈሉ።
However, they are equally closely related to RaTG13 with about 90% identity at the level of nucleotide sequence.
እንተኾነ'ኳ፡ ኣብ ደረጃ ኒዩክሎታይድ መስርዕ RaTG13 ማዕረ ቅርበት ዝምድና ምስ 90% ምስስልነት እዩ።
They cluster into two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses in the phylogenetic tree, one of which share a more similar receptor binding domain (RBD) with SARS-CoV-2, with 97.4% amino acid sequence identity.
ኣብ 2 ንኡስ ወለዶታት ሳርስ SARS-CoV-2 ከም ቫይረሳት ኣብ መበቆል ቫይረሳት ኣግራብ ይጥቕለሉ።ሓደ ካብኣቶም ዝበዝሐ ተማሳሳሊ ተቐባሊ ጠማሪ ግዝኣት( RBD) ምስ SARS-CoV-2 97.4% መንነት ኣሞኖ ኣሲድ ይካፈል።
In stark contrast, the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 are more divergent, albeit a higher degree of sequence homology genome-wide.
ኣብቲ ፍጹም ምንጽጻር RBDs ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ከምኡ’ውን RaTG13 ኣዝዮም ዝተፈናጥሑ ኢዮም፡ ዋላ’ካ ዓቢ ደረጃ ናይ ዝምድና ናይ ጂኖም-ሳይድ እንተለዎም
An earlier study on diseased pangolins also reported the detection of viral contigs from lung samples, which turn out to be similarly related to SARS-CoV-2.
ናይ መጀመርታ መጽናዕቲ ኣብ ዝሓመመ ጽሒራታት ን ናይ ቫይራል ኮንቲጅስ ርኽበት መርኣያታት ሳንቡእ ሓቢሩ፡እዚ ውን ብዝሒ ተሳታፊ ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ብምዝማድ ይሳማማዕ።
This study adopted different assembly methods and manual curation to generate a partial genome sequence comprising about 86.3% of the full-length viral genome.
እዚ መጽናዕቲ ዝተፈላለየ ኣገባባት ኣኼባን ኢድኣዊ ፍወሳን ኣርዒሙ፡እዚ ድማ ከፊላዊ ጂኖም ንምምንጫው ስዒቡ ከባቢ 86.3% ናይ ሙሉእ ንውሓት ቫይራል ጂኖም ዝሓቖፈ እዩ።
We cannot exclude the possibility that pangolin is one of the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2.
ጽሒራ ሓደ ካብ ማእከላይመዕቆቢታት እንስሳ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ምዃኑ ክንጽሎ ኣይንኽእልን ኢና።
However, currently there is no evidence in support of a direct pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 due to the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
እንተኾነኣብ ግዜ መበቆል ጽሒራ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዝድግፍ ጭብጢ የለን፡እዚ ከኣ ብምኽንያት ዝተፋላለየኣብ SARS-CoV-2 ን ጽሒራ SARS-CoV-2 ን ብምንጽጻር beta-CoVs እዩ።
In addition, the distance between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is even shorter than that between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
ብተወሳኺ.፣ እቲ ርሕቀት ኣብመንጎ SARS-CoV-2 RaTG13ን ምስ ፍልልይ ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ቤታ ኮሮናቫይረስን (beta-CoVs.) ኪነጻጸር እንከሎ ኣዝዩ ሓጺር እዩ።
The evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, pangolins and other mammals remains to be established.
እቲ ፍልቀታዊ መንገዲ ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ኣብ መንካዕ፡ ፓንጎሊን ከምኡ’ውን ካል ኦት ዓይነት መጥበውቲ፡ ተቐሚጡን ተረጋጊጹን ጸኒሑ ኣሎን ክቕጽክን ኢዩ
Whereas the highest sequence homology has been found in the RBDs between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin, SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 share the highest genome-wide sequence homology.
ግዳ ኣብ RBDs ኣብ መንጎ SARS-CoV-2 ን ጽሒራን እቲ ዝለዓለ ዝምድና ተረኺቡ።ምስ SARS-CoV-2 ዝማሳሰል ቤታ SARS-CoV-2 ንራቲ RaTG13 ዝለዓለ ናይ ጂኖም ዝምድና ይካፈል።
It is highly speculative that the high degree of similarity between the RBDs of pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 is driven by selectivity-mediated convergent evolution.
እቲ ዝላዓለ ደረጃ ተማሳሳልነት ኣብ መንጎ RBDs ናይ ጽሒራ SARS-CoV-2 ዝምድና beta-CoVs ከምኡውን SARS-CoV-2 ብ ምምራጽ ማእከላይ ተራኻኻቢ ፍልቀት ከም ዝመጸ ብዝለዓለ ይግመት።
A counter-proposal is in favour of a recombination between a pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoV and RaTG13 in the third wild animal species.
ጸረ እማመ ን ናይ ዳግመ ምትሕውዋስ ኣብ መንጎ ጽሒራ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተዛመደ beta-CoV RaTG13 ኣብ 3ይ እንስሳ መሮር ጂር ይቐድም።
As a driving force in evolution, recombination is widespread among beta-CoVs.
ከም ሓደ ደፋኢ-ሓይሊ ናይ ፍልቀት፡ እንደገና-ምትእኽኻብ ኣብ ቤታ-CoVs ብሰፊሑ ኢዩ ተመሓላሊፉ ዘሎ
The jury is still out on the immediate zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2.
እቲ ፈራዲ ኣብቲ ቀንዲ ናይ ናይ ዞኖቲክ (zoonotic) መበቆል ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ወጽዩ ኣሎ
Besides the highly pathogenic HCoVs, the zoonotic origin of HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 have also been studied.
ጐኒ ጐኒ እዚ ብዘይ መጠን ሰበብ ሕማም ዝኾነ ኤችኮቭ, እዚ ዙኖቲክ መበቆል ናይ HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 ከምኡ`ውን HCoV-HKU1ተጸኒዑ ኣሎ።
Phylogenetic evidence indicated that both HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E might have originated from bat CoVs, while the parental viruses of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 have been found in rodents.
ፊለጀንቲክ ዝተረጋገጸ መወከሲ መወከሲ ከም ዘነጽሮ HCoV-NL63 ከምኡውን HCoV-229E ካብ ናይ መንካዕ CoVs ተበጊሱ ክኸውን ከም ዝኽእል ኢዩ፡ እቲ ስድራቤታዊ ቫይረስ ድማ HCoV-OC43 ን HCoV-HKU1 ኣብ ምንጽጹላይ ተረኺቡ ክኸውን ይኽእል ኢዩ።
It has been reported that a bat CoV termed ARCoV.2 (Appalachian Ridge CoV) detected in North American tricolored bat displayed close relationship with HCoV-NL63.
ጸብጻባት ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ሓደ ናይ መንካዕ CoV ፡ ARCoV.2 ዝተሰምየ (ኣፓሊቻን ሪድጅ CoV) ኣብ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካ ዝተረክበ 3 ዝኽብሩ መንካዕ ምስ HCoV-NL63 ቀረባ ዝኾነ ዝምድና ከም ዘለዎ ኣርዩ።
On the other hand, HCoV-229E was genetically related to another bat CoV, termed Hipposideros/GhanaKwam/19/2008, which was detected in Ghana, while camelids have also been suspected as its intermediate host.
በቲ ካልእ ዓይኒ ድማ፡ HCoV-229E ምስ ናይ ካልእ ናይ መንካዕ CoV ገነቲካዊ ምምስሳል ከም ዘለዎ ዘርኢ ኢዩ፡ እዚ ዘርኢ ሂፖሰደሮስ/ጋንኵኣም።19.2018፡ ካብቶም ኣብ ጋና ዝተረኽቡ ኮይኑ፡ እቶም ካመላይድ (ዓሌት ገመል) ከም መመሓላለፍቲ ክኽኑ ከም ዝኽእሉ ውን ተገሚቱ ኢዩ።
For clarity, the current knowledge on animal origins of known HCoVs is summarized in Figure ​1 and Table 2.
ንምንጻር እዚ እዋናዊ ኣቓልቦ ኣብ ልዕሊመበቆል እንስሳ ናይ ፍሉጥ HCoVs ኣብ ስእሊ 1 ን ሰንጠረጅ 2 ን ተጠቓሊሉ ኣሎ።
Phylogenetic analysis has provided evidence for interspecies transmission events of HCoVs in the history.
ናይ ስርዓተ ፍሉቀት መጽናዕትታት ከም ዘረጋግጽዎ፡ HCoVs ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእሎታቱን ኣገባባቱን ብንጹር ገሊጾሞ ኣለዉ።
When HCoV-OC43 crossed species to infect humans from domestic livestock around 1890, a pandemic of respiratory infection was recorded.
ኣብ 1890፡ HCoV-OC43 ሰባት ንምልካፍ ብ ናኣሽቱ ሂወታውያን ሓሊፉ ካብ ናይ ገዛ ከብቲ ኣብ ዝመጽሉ ተላባዒ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ረኽሲ ተመዝጊቡ ኔሩ።
The interspecies transmission history of HCoV-229E is less clear.
ኣብ መንጎ ናይቶም ዝተፈላለዩ ዝዓሌቶም እንስሳታት ናይ ሕማም ምትሕልላፍ ታሪኽ HCoV-229E ንጹር ኣይኮነን።
Bat alpha-CoVs closely related to HCoV-229E have been found.
ናይ መንካዕ ኣልፋ- CoVs ብቀረባ ምስ HCoV-229E ዝዛመድ ተረኺቡ ።
Between them there is an alpaca alpha-CoV.
ኣብ መንገ ኦም ኣልፕጃ ኣልፋ- CoV ኣሎ።
Several lines of evidence support the transmission of virus from bats to humans directly.
ገለ መርትዖታት ናይ መስመራት፡ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ ቫይረስ ካብ መንካዕ ናብ ደቂ ሰባት ይድግፍ ኢዩ።
First, humans but not alpacas might have contact with bats in a shared ecological niche.
መጀመርያ፡ ሰባት እምበር ኣልፓካስ ኣይኮኑን ምስ መንካዓት ኣብ ምቅሩሕ ሓድሕዳዊ ዝምድና ናይ ከባቢኦም ዝምድና ክህልዎም ዝኽእል።
Instead, humans have close contact with alpacas.
ኮሙኡ እኳ እንተኾነሰባትምስ ኣብ ደቡባዊ ኣመሪካ እትርከብ ዘቤታዊት እንሰሳ ጥቡቕ ርክብ ኣለዎም።
Second, HCoV-229E-related bat alpha-CoVs are diverse and non-pathogenic in bats, whereas alpaca alpha-CoV caused an outbreak of respiratory disease in infected animals.
ካልኣይ፡ብተዛማዲ HCoV-229E ምስ መንካዕ alpha-CoV ፍልልይ ኣለዎ፡ኣብ መንካዓት ከኣ ተፈኣትሮኣዊ ኣይኮነን።ኣብ ዝሓመሙ እንስሳታት ኣልፓካ ኮቭ ምልባዕ ናይ ምስትንፋስ ሕማም ኣምጺኡ።
Finally, alpaca alpha-CoV has not been found in feral animals.
ኣብ መወዳእታ፡ ኣልፓጃ ኣልፋ- CoV ኣብ ናይ መሮር እንስሳታት ኣይተረከበን።
Thus, the possibility cannot be excluded that alpacas obtain the HCoV-229E-related alpha-CoV from humans.
እምባኣርከስ፡እዚ ክንጸል ዘይካኣል ተኽእሎ ኣልፓካስ ን HCoV-229E ምስ ኣልፋ-ኮቭ ካብ ሰባት ዝዛመድ ይትሓዝ።
In fact, bats are the direct source of human pathogenic viruses including rabies virus, Ebola virus, Nipah virus and Hendra virus.
ከምሓቂ፡መንካዓት ቀጥታዊ ምንጪ ናይ ሰባት ኣመጻጽኣ ሕማም ቫይረስ፡ከም ባዓል ናይ ከልቢ ቫይረስ፡ኢቦላ ቫይረስ፡ ነፓህ ቫይረስን ሄንድራ ቫይረስን ዘማእከለ እዩ።
It is therefore not too surprising that bats might transmit HCoV-229E to humans directly.
መንኻዓት ብቐጥታ ናብ ሰባትኤች HCoV-229E ከመሓላልፋ ምኽኣለን ኣዝዩ ኣገራሚ ኣይኮነን።
Alternatively, whereas bat alpha-CoVs serve as the gene pool of HCoV-229E, alpacas and dromedary camels might serve as intermediate hosts that transmit viruses to humans, exactly as in the case of MERS-CoV.
ከም ኣማራጺ ድማ፡ ናይ መንካዕ alpha-CoVs ከም ናይ ጂን ዕያግ ናይ HCoV-229E ከገልግል ይኽእል፡ እቶም ኣልፓካስ ን ድሮምደሪ ዓሌት ገመልን ከም ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ኣ ኣአንገድቲ ናብ ሰባት ድማ ቫይረስ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ተኽእሎታት ዘለዎም ኢዮም፡ ልክዕ ከም ናይ MERS-CoV ተርእዮታት።፡
MERS-CoV serves as an excellent example of interspecies transmission from bats to dromedary camels and from dromedary camels to humans.
MERS-CoV አም ሓደ ኣዝዩ ብሉጽ ኣብነት ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ካብ መንካዕ ናብ ገመል-ዓልቢያ ከምኡ’ውን ካብ ገመል-ዓልቢያ ናብ ሰብ ከገልግል ይኽእል ኢዩ።
The evolutionary origin of MERS-CoV from bats is known at its initial identification and has also been strengthened by subsequent findings.
እቲ መበቆል ናይ MERS-CoV ካብ መንካዕ ዝነቀለን፡ መጀመሪ ስሙን መፍለጢኡን ኮይኑ ምስ ካልእ ርኽበታትን መስርሓትን ድማ እቲ መጽናዕቲ ክጥንክር ይኽእል።
It is obvious that bats provide a rich pool of virus species for interspecies exchange of genetic fragments and interspecies transmission.
እዘን መንክዓት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓደ ዓሌት ፡ ብዝሒ ዘለዎ ሃብታም ናይ ጀነቲካዊ ጭልፍላፍ ዘለዎ ቫይረስ ዓይነታት ካብን ናብን ከምዘመሓላልፋ ዝተፈልጠ ኢዩ።
Longevity, densely packed colonies, close social interaction and strong ability to fly are all favourable conditions for bats to be an ideal 'virus spreader'.
ነዊሕ ዕምሪ፡ ኣብ ጽዑቕ መግዛእቲ ዝተጠቕለለ ብቐረባ ማሕበራዊ ርክባትን ሓያል ክእለትን ናይ ምንፋር ንመንካዓት ምቹእ ዝኾነ ኩነታት ማእማኢ ``ዘርጋሕቲ ቫይረስ`` ንምዃን እዩ።
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has been introduced to dromedary camels for decades.
ን ዓሰርተ ዓመታት MERS-CoV ኣብ ኣግማል ጀሚሩ።
It is well adapted to these camels that have turned from an intermediate host to a stable and natural reservoir host.
እዚ ነተን ካብ ናይ መንጎ ኣማሓላለፍቲ ናብ ዝተረጋግአ ን ባህርያውን ናይ ምዕቃብ ኣኣንጋዲ ዝተቀየራ ኣግማል፡ ጽቡቕ ጌሩ ተወሃሂድወን ኢዩ።
MERS-CoV causes very mild disease and maintains a relatively low mutation rate in these animals.
መርስ ኮቭ ኣዝዩ ድኹም ሕማም የምጽእ፡ብተዛማዲ ትሑት መጠን ልውጠት ኣብ እንስሳታት ይሕዝ።
Its sporadic transmission to humans is an accident and humans remain a dead-end host of MERS-CoV as its transmission cannot be sustained.
ሓሓሊፉ ናብ ሰባት ዝመሓላለፍ ሓደገኛን ኣብ ሰባት ሞት ዘስዕብን መዕቆቢ ናይ MERS-CoV እዮም።ከም ናቱ መተሓላለፊ ክጸንሕ ኣይክእልን።
In contrast to the role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, the role of pangolins, if there is any, in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is different.
ምስቲ ናይ ኣግማል ስራሕ ብምንጽጻር ኣብ መስርሕ ምትሕልላፍ ናይ MERS-CoV፡ እቲ ስራሕ ናይ ናይ ፓንጎሊን፡ እንተድኣ ኣሎ ኮይኑ፡ ኣብቲ መስርሕ ናይ ምምሕልላፍ ናይ of SARS-CoV-2 ፍሉይ ኢዩ።
Particularly, pangolin beta-CoVs are highly pathogenic in pangolins.
ብፍላይ ጽሒራ beta-CoVs ዝለዓለ ሰበብ ሕማም ኣለዎም።
They might be a dead-end host for SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, similar to civets in the case of SARS-CoV.
ንናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዝዛመድ ምስ beta-CoVs ፡ተመሳሳሊ ንዝባድ ኣብ ኩነት ናይ ሳርስ ኮቭ ዕጹው መንገዲ መዕቆቢ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ።
Several possibilities for interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from animals to humans have to be ruled in or ruled out in future studies.
ካብቶም ገለ ተኽሎታት ናይ SARS-CoV-2 ምምሕልላፍ ካብ እንስሳ ናብ ሰባት ኣብቲ ናይ መጻኢ መጽናዕትና ወይ ውን ኣብዚ ሕጂ ንሰርሖ ዘሎና መጽናዕትታት፡ ክንበጽሖ ወይ ክንግምግሞ ንኽእል ኢና።
First, bats could be the reservoir host of a SARS-CoV-2-related virus almost identical to SARS-CoV-2.
መጀመርታ፡መንካዓት ናይ መዕቆቢ SARS-CoV-2 ዝተዛመደ ቫይረስ ዳርጋ ተመሳሳሊ SARS-CoV-2 መ ዕቆቢ ኽከውን ይክእል።
Humans might share the ecological niche with bats through butchering or coal mining.
ኣብ ecological (ኢኮሎጂያዊ) ምድግጋፍ ሰባት ምስ መንካዕ፡ ንእኤን ብምብላዕ፡ወይ ብዕደና ይርራኸቡዮም።
Second, pangolins could be one of intermediate amplifying host to which a SARS-CoV-2-related virus had been newly introduced.
ካለኣይ፡ጽሒራ ሓደ ካብቶም ናይ ማእኸላይ መጉልሒ መዕቆቢ ክኸውን ይኽእል፡ነዚ SARS-CoV-2 ዝመሳሰሎ ሓዲሽ ቫይረስ ተኣታትዩ ነይሩ።
Humans contract the virus through butchering and consumption of game meat.
ሰባት ነዚ ቫይረስ ብመገዲ ምሕራድ ስጋን ሃልኪ ናይ ጸወታ ስጋን ይላገብ።
It is possible that many mammals including domestic animals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.
ንዙሓት ካብ መጥበውቲ ፡ እንስሳ ዘቤት ሓዊስካ፡ ብ SARS-CoV-2 ነነካእቲ/ተኣፈፍቲ ክኾኑሉ ዘሎ ተኽእሉ ገፊሕ ኢዩ።
A survey of domestic and wild animals for antibodies is warranted.
ናይ ዘቤታውን መሮራውን እንስሳታት ድህሰሳ ን ጸረ ኣካላት ሓላፍነት ኣለዎ።
Third, as mentioned above, recombination and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 might have occurred in a third species that has contact with both bats and pangolins.
ሳልሳይ፡ከምዚ ኣብ ላዕሊ ተጠቒስዎ ዘሎናይ SARS-CoV-2 ዳግመምሕዋስን ምልምማድን ኣብ ሳልሳይ ደቀቕቲ ሂወታውያን( ጂር) ምስ መንካዓትን ጽሒራን ርክብ ዘለዎም ክርከብ ይከኣል ነይሩ።
The search for the animal origins of SARS-CoV-2 is still on.
እዚ ንምንጪ SARS-CoV-2 ዝኮነ እንስሳ ክሳብ ሕጂ ይድለ ኣሎ።
Apart from different types of the animal hosts, three major factors on the viral side are also important in facilitating CoVs to cross species barriers.
ካብ ካልኦት ዝተፈለዩ ዓይነታት መዕቆብቲ እንስሳ፡ CoVs ንናይ መዕገቲታት ጅር ብምቅልጣፍ ንክስንጥቅ ሰለስተ ቀንዲ ረቓሒታት የገድሱ።