atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
A spokeswoman for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledged "We know that [the stated death toll] is an underestimation", a statement corroborated by anecdotal reports of undercounting in the U.S. Such underestimation often occurs in pandemics, such as the 2009 H1N1 swine flu epidemic.The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.
Msemaji wa Kituo cha Udhibiti na Uzuiaji wa Magonjwa Marekani alikiri "Tunafahamu kuwa [takwimu iliyotajwa ya vifo] ni kadirio la chini", kauli inayothibitishwa na ripoti zilizothibitishwa ya kuhesabu duni katika Marekani. Kadirio la chini mara nyingi hutokea katika janga kubwa, kama ugonjwa wa mlipuko wa homa ya mafua ya nguruwe ya 2009 H1N1.Kifo cha kwanza iliyothibitishwa ilikuwa Wuhan tarehe 9 Januari 2020.
The first death outside mainland China occurred on 1 February in the Philippines, and the first death outside Asia was in France on 14 February.
Kifo cha kwanza nje ya Uchina Bara ilitokea tarehe 1 Februari katika Ufilipino, na ya kwanza nje ya Asia ilikuwa Ufaransa tarehe 14 Februari.
By 28 February, outside mainland China, more than a dozen deaths each were recorded in Iran, South Korea, and Italy.
Kufikia 28 Februari, nje ya Uchina Bara, zaidi ya vifo kadhaa zilirekodiwa Irani, Korea Kusini, na Italia.
By 13 March, more than forty countries and territories had reported deaths, on every continent except Antarctica.Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Kufikia 13 Machi, zaidi ya nchi arobaini walikuwa wameripoti vifo, katika kila bara isipokuwa Antaktika.Hatua kadhaa hutumika kuhesabu vifo.
These numbers vary by region and over time, and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak, and population characteristics such as age, sex, and overall health.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
Nambari hizi hutofautiana na eneo na wakati unapozidi, huathiriwa na kiwango cha kupima, ubora wa mfumo wa utunzaji wa afya, aina ya matibabu, wakati wa kutokea kwa kwanza, na hali ya idadi ya watu kama umri, jinsia, na hali ya afya kwa ujumla.Kiwango cha kifo hadi kisa huonyesha nambari ya vifo ikigawanywa na nambari ya visa vilivyotambuliwa katika muda fulani.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.0% (97,039/1,617,204) as of 10 April 2020.
Kulingana na takwimu ya Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins, uwiano wa kimataifa ya kifo-hadi-kisa ni 6.0% (97,039/1,617,204) kufikia 10 Aprili 2020.
The number varies by region.
Idadi inatofautiana kulingana na eneo.
In China, estimates for the death-to-case ratio decreased from 17.3% (for those with symptom onset 1–10 January 2020) to 0.7% (for those with symptom onset after 1 February 2020).Other measures include the case fatality rate (CFR), which reflects the percent of diagnosed people who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percent of infected (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease.
Nchini China, makadirio ya kiwango cha vifo kikilinganishwa na kisa yalipungua kutoka 17.3% (kwa watu waliokuwa na dalili kuanzia tarehe 1–10 Januari 2020) hadi 0.7% (kwa watu waliokuwa na dalili kuanzia tarehe 1 Februari 2020).Vipimo vingine ni pamoja na kiwango cha vifo kwa kila kisa (CFR), ambacho kinaangazia asilimia ya watu waliopimwa ambao wanakufa kutokana na ugonjwa, kiwango cha vifo kutokana na maambukizi (IFR), ambacho kinaangazia asilimia ya watu walioambukizwa (waliopimwa na ambao hawakupimwa) wanaokufa kutokana na ugonjwa.
These statistics are not timebound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution.
Takwimu hizi hazifungiwi na kigezo cha muda na zinafuata idadi mahususi ya watu kuanzia tukio la maambukizi hadi kutatuliwa kwa kisa.
A number of academics have attempted to calculate these numbers for specific populations.
Idadi ya wasomi wamejaribu kuhesabu nambari hizi kwa idadi ya watu maalum.
The University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine estimates that the infection fatality rate for the pandemic as a whole is between 0.1% and 0.39%.
Kituo cha Dawa Zinazotegemea Ushahidi cha Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford kinakadiria kwamba viwango vya vifo kutokana na maambukizi kwa ajili ya janga kubwa kikamilifu ni kati ya 0.1% na 0.39%.
The upper estimate of this range is consistent with the results from the first random testing for COVID-19 in Germany, and a statistical study analysing the impact of testing on CFR estimates.
Makadirio ya juu ya asilimia hii inalingana na matokeo kutoka kupimwa kwa nasibu Kwa COVID-19 Ujerumani, na uchunguzi wa takwimu kuchunguza athari ya kupima kwa makadirio ya CFR.
The WHO asserts that the pandemic can be controlled.
Shirika la Afya Duniani yadai kuwa janga hili kubwa linaweza kudhibitiwa.
The peak and ultimate duration of the outbreak are uncertain and may differ by location.
Kilele cha na muda hatimaye wa kuzuka kwa ugonjwa huu haijulikani na huenda ikatofautiana na eneo.
Maciej Boni of Penn State University stated, "Left unchecked, infectious outbreaks typically plateau and then start to decline when the disease runs out of available hosts.
Maciej Boni wa Chuo Kikuu cha Penn State alisema, "Zisipofuatiliwa, kuzuka kwa maambukizi kwa kawaida huendelea kisha huanza kupungua wakati ugonjwa inaishiwa watu wa kuambukizwa.
But it's almost impossible to make any sensible projection right now about when that will be".
Lakini ni vigumu kukadiria au kuwa na makadirio elekevu kwa sasa kuhusu wakati huo ni lini".
The Chinese government's senior medical adviser Zhong Nanshan argued that "it could be over by June" if all countries can be mobilized to follow the WHO's advice on measures to stop the spread of the virus.
Mshauri mkuu wa serikali ya Uchina Zhong Nanshan alisema kuwa "huenda ikakoma kufikia Juni" ikiwa nchi zote huweza kuhamasishwa kufuata ushauri wa Shirika la Afya Duniani kwa hatua za kukoma kuenea kwa virusi.
On 17 March, Adam Kucharski of the London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine stated that SARS-CoV-2 "is going to be circulating, potentially for a year or two".
Tarehe 17 Machi, Adam Kucharski Taasisi ya London ya Usafi wa Kiafya & Tiba ya Kitropiki alisema kuwa SARS-CoV-2 "itaendelea kuenea, kuna uwezekano wa mwaka moja au mbili".
According to the Imperial College study led by Neil Ferguson, physical distancing and other measures will be required "until a vaccine becomes available (potentially 18 months or more)".
Kwa mujibu wa uchunguzi wa Chuo cha Imperial inayoongozwa na Neil Ferguson, kudumisha umbali na watu na hatua zingine zitahitajika "hadi chanjo ipatikane (kuna uwezekano wa miezi 18 au zaidi)".
William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University stated, "I think it's unlikely that this coronavirus—because it's so readily transmissible—will disappear completely" and it "might turn into a seasonal disease, making a comeback every year".
William Schaffner wa Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt University alisema, "Nadhani hakuna uwezekano kuwa hii virusi vya korona—kwa sababu inambukizwa kwa urahisi—itapotea kabisa" na huenda ikawa "ikawa ugonjwa wa msimu, ikitokea kila mwaka".
The virulence of the comeback would depend on herd immunity and the extent of mutation.
Hali ya kuwa sugu wa kurejea itategemea chanjo kupatikana na kiwango cha mabadiliko ya virusi.
Symptoms of COVID-19 can be relatively non-specific and infected people may be asymptomatic.
Dalili za COVID-19 huweza kuwa si maalum na watu waliambukizwa huweza kuwa hawaonyeshi dalili yoyote.
The two most common symptoms are fever (88%) and dry cough (68%).
Dalili za kawaida mbili ni joto jingi (88%) na kikohozi kavu (68%).
Less common symptoms include fatigue, respiratory sputum production (phlegm), loss of the sense of smell, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, headache, chills, vomiting, hemoptysis, diarrhea, or cyanosis.The WHO states that approximately one person in six becomes seriously ill and has difficulty breathing.
Dalili zisizo za kawaida ni pamoja na uchovu, utoaji wa kikohozi ya kupumua (kohozi), kupoteza hisia ya kunusa, kushindwa kupumua vizuri, maumivu wa misuli na viungo, maumivu ya koo, kuumwa na kichwa, kuhisi baridi, kutapika, kukohoa damu, kuendesha, au ngozi kuwa na rangi ya samawati. Shirika la Afya Duniani inasema kuwa takriban mtu moja kati ya sita huugua sana na huwa na shida kupumua.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists emergency symptoms as difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, sudden confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.Further development of the disease can lead to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock and death.
Kituo cha Udhibiti na Uzuiaji wa Magonjwa Marekani huoredhesha dalili za dharura kama kushindwa kupumua vizuri, maumivu wa kifua inayoendelea au mbano, wasiwasi ya ghafla, ugumu kutembea, uso au midomo ya rangi ya samawati; matibabu ya haraka inashauriwa ikiwa dalili hizi zipo.Kuendelea kwa ugonjwa huweza kusababisha mchochota wa pafu mbaya, ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu yaliyofungana, maambukizi ya viungo mwilini, mshtuko na kifo.
Some of those infected may be asymptomatic, with no clinical symptoms but with test results that confirm infection, so researchers have issued advice that those with close contact to confirmed infected people should be closely monitored and examined to rule out infection.
Wengine kati ya watu walioambukizwa huenda wasionyeshe dalili zozote, bila dalili zozote za kimatibabu lakini matokeo yao ya kupimwa yanathibitisha kwamba wameambukizwa, kwa hivyo watafiti wametoa ushauri kwamba wale waliogusana na watu ambao wamethibitishwa kuambukizwa wanapaswa kufuatiliwa na kuchunguzwa ili kuondoa hofu ya maambukizi.
Chinese estimates of the asymptomatic ratio range from few to 44%.
Wachina wanakadiria safu ya kipimo cha watu wasioonyesha dalili kuanzia chache hadi 44%.
The usual incubation period (the time between infection and symptom onset) ranges from one to 14 days; it is most commonly five days.As an example of uncertainty, the estimate of the fraction of people with COVID-19 who lost their sense of smell was initially 30% and later fell to 15%.
Kipindi cha kawaida ya kuwepo kwa dalili za ugonjwa (kipindi kati ya kuambukizwa na kuonekana kwa dalili) huanzia siku moja hadi 14; kwa kawaida ni siku tano.Kwa mfano wa kutokuwa na hakika, kadirio ya sehemu ya watu walio na COVID-19 waliopoteza hisia yao ya kunusa ilikuwa hapo awali 30% na baadaye ikashuka hadi 15%.
Some details about how the disease is spread are still being determined.
maelezo mengine kuhusu jinsi ugonjwa huu huambukizwa bado yana chunguzwa.
The disease is believed to be primarily spread during close contact and by small droplets produced during coughing, sneezing, or talking; with close contact being within 1 to 2 metres (3 to 6 feet).
Ugonjwa huu huaminika kuambukizwa kimsingi wakati wa kuwa karibu na kwa matone yanayotoka wakati wa kukohoa, kupiga chafya, au kuzungumza; na mtu aliyekaribu kuwa mita 1 hadi 2 (futi 3 hadi 6).
Studies have found that an uncovered coughing can lead to droplets travelling up to 4.5 metres (15 feet) to 8.2 metres (27 feet).
Uchunguzi zimetambua kuwa kukohoa bila kufunika mdomo huweza kuwezesha matone kusafiri hadi mita 4.5 (futi 15) hadi mita 8.2 (futi 27).
Some have proposed that the virus may also be transmitted by small droplets that stay for more prolonged periods in the air, that may be generated during speech.Respiratory droplets may also be produced during breathing out, including when talking, though the virus is not generally airborne.
Watu wengine wamependekeza kuwa virusi hivi pia huweza kusambazwa kwa matone madogo yanayosalia kwa muda mrefu hewani, yanayoweza kutoka wakati wa mazungumzo.Matone ya kupumua pia huweza kutoka wakati wa kupumua, pamoja na wakati wa kuzungumza, lakini virusi hivi kwa ujumla haziambukizwi kupitia hewa.
The droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
Matone hayo huweza kufikia midomo au mapua ya watu walio karibu au kuvutwa hadi mapafu.
Some medical procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may cause respiratory secretions to be aerosolized and thus result in airborne spread.
Taratibu zingine za kimatibabu kama vile kuwekewa mrija na uhuishaji wa moyo na mapafu (CPR) huweza kufanya majimaji ya kupumua kufukizwa hewani na kwa hivyo kusambazwa kupitia hewa.
It may also spread when one touches a contaminated surface, including skin, and then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth.
Pia inaweza kusambazwa wakati mtu anagusa sehemu iliyo na virusi, pamoja na ngozi, na kisha kugusa macho yao, pua, au mdomo.
While there are concerns it may spread by faeces, this risk is believed to be low.
Ilhali kuna mashaka kuwa inaweza kusambazwa na kinyesi, hatari inaaminika kuwa duni.
The Government of China denied the possibility of faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2.The virus is most contagious during the first three days after onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.
Serikali ya Uchina ilipinga uwezekano wa kusambazwa kutoka kinyesi hadi mdomoni ya SARS-CoV-2.Virusi hivi huambukizwa sana siku tatu baada ya kuonekana kwa dalili, ingawa kusambazwa inawezekana kabla ya dalili kuonekana na katika hatua za baadaye ya ugonjwa.
People have tested positive for the disease up to three days before onset of symptoms suggesting transmission is possible before developing significant symptoms.
Watu wamepimwa na kupatikana chanya kwa ugonjwa hadi siku tatu kabla ya kuonekana kwa dalili inaonyesha kuwa kusambazwa inawezekana kabla dalili nyingi hazijatokea.
Only few reports of laboratory-confirmed asymptomatic cases exist, but asymptomatic transmission has been identified by some countries during contact tracing investigations.
Kuna ripoti chache tu ya visa vilivyothibitishwa maabarani vya watu wasioonyesha dalili zozote ilhali wana virusi kuwepo, lakini visa vya watu walioambukizwa na wasioonyesha dalili zimetambuliwa na nchi zingine wakati wanafuatilia watu waliotangamana na wagonjwa.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) states that while it is not entirely clear how easily the disease spreads, one person generally infects two to three others.The virus survives for hours to days on surfaces.
Kituo cha Kuzuia na Kudhibiti Magonjwa cha Ulaya (ECDC) kinataja kwamba ingawa si bayana kikamilifu ilivyo rahisi kwa ugonjwa huu kuenea, mtu mmoja kiujumla huwaambukiza watu wengin wawili au watatu.Virusi vina uwezo wa kusalia vikiwa hai kwa kwenye sehemu mbalimbali kwa muda wa saa hadi siku.
Specifically, the virus was found to be detectable for up to three days on plastic (polypropylene) and 304 stainless steel, for one day on cardboard, and for up to four hours on copper.
Haswa, virusi hivi vilipatikana kuwa na uwezo wa kugunduliwa hadi siku tatu kwenye plastiki na chuma cha pua kisichoingia kutu 304, kwa siku moja kwenye kadibodi, na hadi masaa nne kwa shaba.
This, however, varies based on the humidity and temperature.Pets and other animals have tested positive for COVID-19.
Hii, hata hivyo, hutofautiana kulingana na hali ya unyevunyevu na viwango vya nyuzi joto. Wanyama vipendwa na wanyama wengine wamepatikana na COVID-19.
There is no evidence animals can pass the virus on to humans, though British authorities advise washing one's hands after contact with animals, like after contact with other surfaces infected people could have touched.
Hakuna ushahidi kuwa wanyama wanaweza kusambaza virusi hivi kwa binadamu, lakini mamlaka ya Uingereza zinashauri kuosha mikono baada ya kugusa wanyama, kama baada ya kugusa sehemu watu walioambukizwa huenda waligusa.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.
Ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu yaliyofungana ya virusi ya korona 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ni virusi geni, ilipatikana kwanza kutoka watu watatu waliokuwa na mchochota wa pafu waliohusiana na visa vya magonjwa sugu ya kupumua Wuhan.
All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.Outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which dissolves its protective envelope.SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV.
Dalili za virusi geni vya SARS-CoV-2 hutokea katika virusi vya korona vinavyohusiana ulimwenguni.Nje ya mwili wa binadamu, virusi hivi huuliwa na sabuni ya matumizi nyumbani, inayovunja ua linalolizingira.SARS-CoV-2 ina uhusiano wa karibu na SARS-CoV ya asili.
It is thought to have a zoonotic origin.
Inadhaniwa kuwa maambukizi kutoka wanyama hadi binadamu.
Genetic analysis has revealed that the coronavirus genetically clusters with the genus Betacoronavirus, in subgenus Sarbecovirus (lineage B) together with two bat-derived strains.
Uchambuzi wa chembe za urithi imeonyesha kuwa virusi vya korona huungana na chembe cha virusi vya korona Beta, katika jamii ndogo ya virusi vya Sarbe (kizazi B) pamoja na aina mbili kutoka popo.
It is 96% identical at the whole genome level to other bat coronavirus samples (BatCov RaTG13).
Ni kufanana kwa 96% katika kiwango cha chembe kwa sampuli zingine ya virusi vya korona katika popo (BatCov RaTG13).
In February 2020, Chinese researchers found that there is only one amino acid difference in certain parts of the genome sequences between the viruses from pangolins and those from humans.
Katika Februari 2020, watafiti Wachina waligundua kuwa kuna tofauti moja tu ya asidi amino katika sehemu fulani ya utaratibu wa chembe kati ya virusi hivi kutoka kakakuona na vile kutoka binadamu.
Whole-genome comparison to date has found at most 92% of genetic material shared between pangolin coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2, which is insufficient to prove pangolins to be the intermediate host.
Ulinganisho wote wa chembe hadi sasa imegundua kwa hali ya juu 92% wa nyenzo ya chembe inayopatikana katika virusi vya korona ya kakakuona na SARS-CoV-2, ambayo haitoshi kuthibitisha kakakuona kuwa kiumbe wa vimelea wa kati.
Infection by the virus can be provisionally diagnosed on the basis of symptoms, though confirmation is ultimately by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of infected secretions or CT imaging.
Kuambukizwa kwa virusi hivi huweza kutambuliwa kwa muda kwa kuzingatia dalili, lakini uthibitisho ni kufuatia hatimaye mbinu ya kurejea chembe cha kemikali na mmenyuko mfulilizo (rRT-PCR) ya majimaji yaliyoambukizwa au upigaji picha za kimatibabu ya CT.
A study comparing PCR to CT in Wuhan has suggested that CT is significantly more sensitive than PCR, though less specific, with many of its imaging features overlapping with other pneumonias and disease processes.
Uchunguzi unaolinganisha PCR na CT katika Wuhan umependekeza kuwa CT kwa kadri kubwa ni bora kuliko PCR, ingawa si mahususi, na vipengele vyake vya picha kuingiliana na mchochota wa pafu mengine na taratibu za ugonjwa.
As of March 2020, the American College of Radiology recommends that "CT should not be used to screen for or as a first-line test to diagnose COVID-19".
Kufikia Machi 2020, Chuo cha Radiolojia Marekani hupendekeza kuwa "CT haifai kutumiwa kuchuja au kama njia ya kupima ya kwanza kutambua COVID-19".
The WHO has published several RNA testing protocols for SARS-CoV-2, with the first issued on 17 January.
WHO imechapisha itifaki nyingi ya kupima RNA ya SARS-CoV-2, na chapisho la kwanza ikitolewa tarehe 17 Januari.
The test uses real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Jaribio linatumia kurejea chembe cha kemikali na mmenyuko mfululizo (rRT-PCR).
The test can be done on respiratory or blood samples.
Jaribio linaweza kufanywa kwa sampuli za kupumua au za damu.
Results are generally available within a few hours to days.
Matokeo ujumla hupatikana ndani ya saa hadi siku chache.
Generally this test is carried out on a nasopharyngeal swab though a throat swab may also be used.A number of laboratories and companies are developing serological tests, which detect antibodies.
Kiujumla jaribio hili hutekelezwa kwa kutumia pamba ndani ya pua ingawa kuchukua sampuli kinywani pia huweza kutumika. Maabara kadhaa na kampuni zinatengeneza jaribio inayolenga damu mwilini, yanayotambua kinga za mwili.
As of 6 April 2020, none of these has been proved sufficiently accurate to be approved for widespread use.
Kufikia 6 Aprili 2020, hakuna yoyote ya haya iliyothibitishwa kuwa halisi kuidhinishwa kwa matumizi na wengi.
In the US a serological test developed by Cellex has been approved for emergency use by certified laboratories only.
Marekani jaribio la damu imeundwa na Cellex imeidhinishwa kwa matumizi ya dharura na maabara yaliyoidhinishwa pekee.
Characteristic imaging features on radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground glass opacities and absent pleural effusions.
Sifa za picha za radiolojia na picha za kimatibabu vya kompyuta (CT) ya watu ambao wameambukizwa ni pamoja na sehemu ya mapafu yenye shinikizo duni yasiyo na uwiano na kukosekana kwa mkusanyiko wa majimaji kati ya ukuta wa kifua na mapafu.
The Italian Radiological Society is compiling an international online database of imaging findings for confirmed cases.
Chama cha Radiolojia ya Italia inakusanya hifadhidata ya kimataifa mtandaoni ya matokeo ya picha za kimatibabu ya visa vilivyothibitishwa.
Due to overlap with other infections such as adenovirus, imaging without confirmation by PCR is of limited specificity in identifying COVID-19.
Kutokana na kulandana na maambukizi mengine kama vile adenovirus, kutoa taswira bila kuthibitisha kwa njia ya PCR ina upungufu wa masuala mahususi katika kutambua COVID-19.
A large study in China compared chest CT results to PCR and demonstrated that though imaging is less specific for the infection, it is faster and more sensitive, suggesting its consideration as a screening tool in epidemic areas.
Uchunguzi mkubwa Uchina ililinganisha matokeo ya picha ya kifua ya CT na ya PCR na kuonyesha kuwa ingawa picha za kimatibabu si maalum ya maambukizi, ni ya haraka na bora, kuonyesha kuzingatiwa kwake kama kifaa cha kuchuja watu katika maeneo ya janga.
Artificial intelligence-based convolutional neural networks have been developed to detect imaging features of the virus with both radiographs and CT.
Programu za mtandaoni zilizoundwa na akili isiyo ya asili zimeundwa kugundua vipengele vya picha za kimatibabu ya virusi na picha za matibabu na CT.
Strategies for preventing transmission of the disease include maintaining overall good personal hygiene, washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands, and coughing or sneezing into a tissue and putting the tissue directly into a waste container.
Mikakati ya kuzuia kusambaza kwa ugonjwa ni pamoja na kudumisha usafi wa kibinafsi kwa ujumla, kuosha mikono, kuzuia kushika macho, pua, au mdomo na mikono ambayo haijaoshwa, na kukohoa au kupiga chafya kwenye tishu na kuweka tishu chafu moja kwa moja ndani ya chombo cha taka.
Those who may already have the infection have been advised to wear a surgical mask in public.
Wale ambao huenda wameambukizwa tayari wameshauriwa kuvaa barakoa ya kimatibabu hadharani.
Physical distancing measures are also recommended to prevent transmission.Many governments have restricted or advised against all non-essential travel to and from countries and areas affected by the outbreak.
Hatua za kudumisha umbali pia hupendekezwa kuzuia usambazaji.Serikali nyingi zimeweka vizuizi au kushauri dhidi ya safari yoyote isiyo muhimu kuelekea na kutoka nchi na maeneo zilizoathirika na kuzuka kwa ugonjwa.
However, the virus has reached the stage of community spread in large parts of the world.
Hata hivyo, virusi hivi vimefikia hatua ya kusambaa katika jamii katika sehemu kadhaa ulimwenguni.
This means that the virus is spreading within communities, and some community members don't know where or how they were infected.Health care providers taking care of someone who may be infected are recommended to use standard precautions, contact precautions, and eye protection.Contact tracing is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of an infection and to prevent further transmission.
Hii inamaanisha kwamba virusi vinaenea ndani ya jumuiya na baadhi ya wanajumuiya hawafahamu ni wapi au jinsi walivyoambukizwa.Watoa huduma za matibabu waliomtibu mtu ambaye huenda wameambukizwa wanapendekezewa kutumia tahadhari za kawaida, tahadhari za waligusana na ulinzi wa jicho.Kufuatilia watu waliogusana ni njia muhimu ya mamlaka ya afya kubaini chanzo cha maambukizi na kuzuia usambazaji zaidi.
The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Matumizi ya data ya eneo kutoka simu za rununu na serikali kwa matumizi haya imechochea wasiwasi kuhusu faragha, na shirika la Amnesty International na zaidi ya mashirika 100 mengine kutoa tangazo wakitaka kuwekwa kwa mipaka kwa ufuatiliaji kama huu.
Various mobile apps have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of April 7, 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Programu tofauti ya simu za rununu zimetekelezwa au kupendekezwa kwa matumizi ya hiari, na kufikia Aprili 7, 2020, zaidi ya vikundi kumi na mbili ya wataalam walikuwa wanaunda suluhisho yanayolinda faragha, kama vile kutumia Bluetooth kutuma umbali wa mtumizi na simu za rununu zingine.
Users then receive a message if they've been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19.Misconceptions are circulating about how to prevent infection; for example, rinsing the nose and gargling with mouthwash are not effective.
Watumizi kisha wanapokea ujumbe ikiwa wamekuwa karibu na yeyote ambaye amepimwa na kupatikana na COVID-19.Uongo inaenea kuhusu jinsi ya kuzuia maambukizi; kwa mfano, kusafisha pua na kusukutua na michanganyiko ya kusafisha kinywa si fanifu.
There is no COVID-19 vaccine, though many organizations are working to develop one.
Hakuna chanjo ya COVID-19, ingawa mashirika mengi wana shughulika kutengeneza moja.
Hand washing is recommended to prevent the spread of the disease.
Inapendekezwa kuosha mikono ili kuzuia kuenea kwa ugonjwa.
The CDC recommends that people wash hands often with soap and water for at least twenty seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty; before eating; and after blowing one's nose, coughing, or sneezing.
CDC inapendekeza watu waoshe mikono yao mara kwa mara kwa kutumia sabuni na maji kwa angalau sekunde ishirini, hasa baada ya kuenda chooni au ikiwa mikono yako yaonekana kuwa chafu; kabla ya kula; baada ya kupenga makamasi, kukohoa, au kupiga chafya.
This is because outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.
Hii ni kwa sababu nje ya mwili ya binadamu, virusi hivi huuliwa na sabuni ya matumizi nyumbani, ambayo hulipua povu yake ya ulinzi.
CDC further recommended using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol by volume when soap and water are not readily available.
CDC inapendekeza zaidi kutumia kioevu cha mkononi yenye pombe cha kuua viini vya magonjwa chenye angalau asilimia 60 ya pombe kwa kiasi wakati sabuni na maji hazipatikani kwa urahisi.
The WHO advises people to avoid touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
WHO inashauri watu kutoshika macho, pua, au mdomo na mikono ambayo haijaoshwa.
Surfaces may be decontaminated with a number of solutions (within one minute of exposure to the disinfectant for a stainless steel surface), including 62–71% ethanol, 50–100% isopropanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.2–7.5% povidone-iodine.
Sehemu zinazotumika huweza kusafishwa na kuua virusi kwa kutumia kemikali tofauti (katika dakika moja ya kutumia kemikali kwa sehemu iliyo na chuma cha pua kisichoingia kutu), pamoja na 62-71% ethanoli, 50-100% isopropanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.5% hydrojeni peroxide, na 0.2-7.5%povidone-iodine.
Other solutions, such as benzalkonium chloride and chrohexidine gluconate, are less effective.
Suluhu nyingine, kama vile benzalkonium chloride na chrohexidine gluconate, hazijafanikiwa sana.
The CDC recommends that if a COVID case is suspected or confirmed at a facility such as an office or day care, all areas such as offices, bathrooms, common areas, shared electronic equipment like tablets, touch screens, keyboards, remote controls, and ATM machines used by the ill persons, should be disinfected.
CDC inapendekeza kuwa ikiwa kisa cha COVID inashukiwa au imethibitishwa katika jengo kama vile ofisi au shule za kuwatunza watoto, kila sehemu kama ofisi, bafu, sebule, vifaa za elektroniki kama kompyuta bapa, viguso, kibodi, rimoti, na mashine ya ATM zilizotumiwa na watu wagonjwa, yapaswa kusafishwa na dawa za kuua viini.
Health organizations recommended that people cover their mouth and nose with a bent elbow or a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and disposing of any tissue immediately.
Mashirika ya afya zilipendekeza kuwa watu wafunike midomo na mapua kwa kutumia kiwiko iliyokunjwa au tishu wakati wanakohoa au kupiga chafya, na kutupa tishu yoyote mara moja.
Surgical masks are recommended for those who may be infected, as wearing a mask can limit the volume and travel distance of expiratory droplets dispersed when talking, sneezing, and coughing.
Barakoa ya kimatibabu hupendekezwa kwa wale ambao huenda wameambukizwa, kwa vile kuvaa barakoa huweza kudhibiti kiasi na umbali wa kusafiri kwa matone ya kupumua inayosambazwa unapozungumza, kupiga chafya, na kukohoa.
The WHO has issued instructions on when and how to use masks.
WHO imetoa maagizo ya wakati na jinsi ya kutumia barakoa.
According to Stephen Griffin, a virologist at the University of Leeds, "Wearing a mask can reduce the propensity [of] people to touch their faces, which is a major source of infection without proper hand hygiene."Masks have also been recommended for use by those taking care of someone who may have the disease.
Kwa mujibu wa Stephen Griffin, mwanasayansi wa virusi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Leeds, "Kuvaa barakoa inaweza kupunguza uwezo [wa] watu kugusa uso yao, ambacho ni chanzo kubwa ya maambukizi bila usafi bora wa mikono. "Barakoa pia zimependekezwa kwa matumizi na wale wanaotunza yeyote ambaye anaweza kuwa na ugonjwa huu.
The WHO has recommended the wearing of masks by healthy people only if they are at high risk, such as those who are caring for a person with COVID-19, although they also acknowledge that wearing masks may help people avoid touching their face.
WHO inapendekeza kuvaa barakoa na watu wenye afya njema ikiwa tu wako hatarini, kama vile wale wanaotunza mtu aliye na COVID-19, ingawa wamekiri pia kuwa kuvaa barakoa huweza kusaidia watu kugusa nyuso zao.
Several countries have started to encourage the use of face masks by members of the public.
Nchi kadhaa zimeanza kuhimiza matumizi ya barakoa na watu wa umma.
In the U.S., the CDC recommends wearing non-medical face mask made out of cloth.China has specifically recommended the use of disposable medical masks by healthy members of the public, particularly when coming into close contact (1 metre (3 ft) or less) with other people.
Marekani, CDC inapendekeza kuvaa barakoa isiyo ya kimatibabu bali iliyotengenezwa kwa kitambaa.Uchina imependekeza hasa matumizi ya barakoa ya kimatibabu zinazoweza kutupwa na watu walio na afya njema wa umma, hasa unapokaribia (mita 1 (futi 3) au kidogo) na watu wengine.
Hong Kong recommends wearing a surgical mask when taking public transport or staying in crowded places.
Hong Kong inapendekeza kuvaa kwa barakoa ya kimatibabu unapotumia usafiri wa umma au kukaa sehemu ambapo kuna watu wengi.
Thailand's health officials are encouraging people to make cloth facemasks at home and wash them daily.
Maafisa wa afya Thailand wanahimiza watu kutengeneza barakoa kwa kutumia vitambaa nyumbani na kuviosha kila siku.
The Czech Republic and Slovakia banned going out in public without wearing a mask or covering one's nose and mouth.
Jamhuri ya Czech na Slovakia zilipiga marufuku kwenda nje hadharani bila kuvaa baragoa au kufunika mapua na mdomo yako.
On 16 March, Vietnam requested everyone to wear a face mask when going to public areas in order to protect themselves and others.
Tarehe 16 Machi, Vietnam iliomba kila mtu kuvaa baragoa wakati wanaenda maeneo hadharani ili kujilinda na wengineo.
The Austrian government mandated that everyone entering a grocery store must wear a face mask.
Serikali ya Austria iliamrisha kila mtu anayeingia dukani lazima avae barakoa.
Israel has asked all residents to wear face masks when in public.
Israeli imeuliza wakazi wote kuvaa barakoa wakiwa hadharani.
Taiwan, which has been producing ten million masks per day since mid-March, required passengers on trains and intercity buses to wear face masks on 1 April.
Taiwan, ambayo imekuwa ikizalisha barakoa milioni kumi kila siku tangu katikati ya mwezi Machi, ilihitaji abiria kwenye treni na basi za jiji hadi jiji kuvaa barakoa za uso mnamo tarehe 1.
Panama has made it obligatory to wear a face mask whenever going outside, while also recommending the manufacture of a homemade face mask for those who cannot purchase face masks.
Panama imeifanya kuwa lazima kuvaa baragoa kila uendapo nje, ilhali pia inapendekeza utengenezaji wa baragoa nyumbani kwa wale ambao hawawezi kununua baragoa.
Face masks have also been widely used in Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Barakoa zimetumiwa sana Japan, Korea Kusini, Malaysia, na Singapore.
Social distancing (also known as physical distancing) includes infection control actions intended to slow the spread of disease by minimizing close contact between individuals.
Kukaa mbali ya jamii (pia inajulikana kama kutotangamana na watu) ni pamoja na vitendo vya kuthibiti maambukizi zinazonuiwa kupunguza usambazaji wa ugonjwa kwa kupunguza kugusana kati ya watu.
Methods include quarantines; travel restrictions; and the closing of schools, workplaces, stadiums, theatres, or shopping centres.
Mbinu ni pamoja na; vizuizi ya safari; kufungwa kwa shule, sehemu za kazi, viwanja, sinema, au maduka.
Individuals may apply social distancing methods by staying at home, limiting travel, avoiding crowded areas, using no-contact greetings, and physically distancing themselves from others.
Watu wanaweza kufuata mbinu za kukaa mbali na jamii kwa kukaa nyumbani, kupunguza safari, kutoenda sehemu yenye watu wengi, kusalimiana bila kugusana, na kudumisha umbali na watu wengine.
Many governments are now mandating or recommending social distancing in regions affected by the outbreak.
Serikali nyingi sasa wameamrisha au kupendekeza kutotangamana na watu katika maeneo zilizoathirika na kuzuka kwa ugonjwa.
The maximum gathering size recommended by US government bodies and health organizations was swiftly reduced from 250 people (if there was no known COVID-19 spread in a region) to 50 people, and later to 10 people.
Ukubwa wa mkusanyiko wa watu inayopendekezwa na mashirika ya serikali ya US na mashirika ya afya ilipunguzwa haraka kutoka watu 250 (ikiwa hakuwepo na maambukizi ya COVID-19 katika eneo fulani) hadi watu 50, na baadaye hadi watu 10.
On 22 March 2020, Germany banned public gatherings of more than two people.Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, hypertension, and compromised immune systems face increased risk of serious illness and complications and have been advised by the CDC to stay home as much as possible in areas of community outbreak.In late March 2020, the WHO and other health bodies began to replace the use of the term "social distancing" with "physical distancing", to clarify that the aim is to reduce physical contact while maintaining social connections, either virtually or at a distance.
Tarehe 22 Machi 2020, Ujerumani ilipiga marufuku mkusanyiko wa umma zaidi ya watu wawili.Watu wazee na walw walio na hali za afya kama vile kisukari, ugonjwa wa moyo, ugonjwa wa kupumua, shinikizo la damu, na mfumo wa kinga ya mwili iliyoathirika huwa na hatari kubwa ya ugonjwa mahututi na matatizo na wameshauriwa na CDC kukaa nyumbani mara kadhaa iwezekanavyo katika sehemu ya kuzuka kwa ugonjwa katika jamii.Kuelekea mwisho wa Machi 2020, WHO na mashirika mengine ya afya walianza kubadilisha neno "kutotangamana na watu" na "kudumisha umbali na watu", kufafanua kuwa lengo ni kupunguza kugusana moja kwa moja ilhali ukidumisha uhusiano wa kijamii, ikiwa mtandaoni au kwa umbali.
The use of the term "social distancing" had led to implications that people should engage in complete social isolation, rather than encouraging them to stay in contact with others through alternative means.Some authorities have issued sexual health guidelines for use during the pandemic.
Matumizi ya neno "kukaa mbali ya jamii" yamesababisha mintaarafu kwamba watu wanapaswa kujihusisha kwa kujitenga kijamii kikamilifu, kuliko kuwahimiza kuendelea kugusana na wengine kupitia njia mbadala.Baadhi ya mamlaka zimetoa miongozo ya afya ya ngono ya kutumia wakati wa janga kubwa.
These include recommendations to only have sex with someone you live with, who does not have the virus or symptoms of the virus.
Haya ni pamoja na mapendekezo kujamiana tu na mtu unayeishi naye, ambaye hana virusi au dalili ya virusi.
Self-isolation at home has been recommended for those diagnosed with COVID-19 and those who suspect they have been infected.
Kujitenga-mwenyewe nyumbani imependekezwa kwa wale waliopatikana na COVID-19 na wale wanaoshuku kuwa wameambukizwa.
Health agencies have issued detailed instructions for proper self-isolation.Many governments have mandated or recommended self-quarantine for entire populations living in affected areas.
Mashirika ya afya zimetoa maagizo ya kina ya kujitenga-mwenyewe nyumbani kwa njia inayofaa.Serikali nyingi zimeagiza au kupendekeza karantini ya watu wanaoishi katika maeneo yaliyoathirika.
The strongest self-quarantine instructions have been issued to those in high risk groups.
Maagizo makali kuhusu kujiweka karantini yametolewa kwa wale walio katika vikundi vilivyo katika hatari kubwa.
Those who may have been exposed to someone with COVID-19 and those who have recently travelled to a country or region with widespread transmission have been advised to self-quarantine for 14 days from the time of last possible exposure.
Wale ambao huenda wamekuwa na mtu aliyena COVID-19 na wale ambao wamesafiri hivi karibuni kwenda nchi au eneo iliyo na usambazaji kubwa wameshauriwa kujiweka karantini kwa siku 14 kutoka wakati wa mwisho inawezekana walikuwa na aliyeambukizwa.
Strategies in the control of an outbreak are containment or suppression, and mitigation.
Mikakati katika uthibiti wa kuzuka kwa ugonjwa ni kuzuia kuongezeka au kukandamiza, na kuepukana.
Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures of infection control and vaccinations to stop the disease from spreading to the rest of the population.
Kudhibitiwa kunaendeshwa katika awamu za mapema za mkurupuko na kunalenga kufuatilia na kuwatenga watu walioambukizwa pamoja na kuleta hatua nyingine za kudhibiti maambukizi na chanjo ili kukomesha ugonjwa kuenea kwa watu wengine.
When it is no longer possible to contain the spread of the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and society.
Ikiwa haiwezekani tena kudhibiti maenezi ya ugonjwa , jitihada basi zinahamishwa katika awamu ya kuepukana: hatua zinachukuliwa ili kupunguza kuenea na kuepukana na athari zake kwenye mfumo wa tiba ya afya na jamii.
A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.
Mchanganyiko wa hatua za kuzuia kuongezeka na kuepukana huweza kufanywa pamoja.
Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1.Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.
Kukandamiza huitaji hatua ngumu ili kubadilisha janga kubwa kwa kupunguza nambari msingi wa uzalishaji kuwa chini ya 1.Sehemu ya kukabiliana na ugonjwa ya kuambukizwa ni kujaribu kupunguza kilele cha mlipuko, inayojulikana kama kusawazisha mlipuko wa janga.
This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.
Hii hupunguza hatari ya huduma za afya kulemewa na hutoa muda zaidi kwa chanjo na matibabu kutengenezwa.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, wearing face-masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.
Mikakati isiyo ya kifamasia inayoweza kudhibiti mkurupuko huu ni pamoja na hatua za kuzuia kibinafsi kama vile kuosha mikono, kuvaa barakoa za uso na kujiweka kwenye karantini; hatua za jumuiya zinazolenga kukaa mbali kijamii kama vile shule kufungwa na kukatishwa kwa matukio ya halaiki kukutana hadharani; mahusisho ya jumuiya ili kuhimiza kukubalika na kushiriki katika mikakati kama hiyo; pamoja na hatua za kimazingira kama vile kusafisha maeneo.Hatua kali zaidi zinazolenga kudhibiti mkurupuko zilichukuliwa nchini China pindi tu makali ya mkurupuko yalikuwa wazi, kama vile kuweka jiji nzima katika karantini na kuweka marufuku madhubuti dhidi ya usafiri.
Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus.
Nchini zingine pia zimetekeleza hatua mbalimbali zinazolenga kupunguza kuenea kwa virusi.
South Korea introduced mass screening and localized quarantines, and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals.
Korea Kusini ilianzisha kupimwa kwa umma na karantini za maeneo, na kutoa tahadhari kwa usafiri ya watu walioambukizwa.
Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so.
Singapore ilitoa msaada wa kifedha kwa wale walioambukizwa na waliojiweka karantini na kutoza faini kubwa kwa wale waliokosa kufanya hivyo.
Taiwan increased face mask production and penalized hoarding of medical supplies.Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges.
Taiwan iliongeza utengenezaji wa barakoa za uso na kutoza faini kwa kuhodhi bidhaa za kimatibabu.
Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by 2/3 and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and health systems being overwhelmed.
Sera bora za kuepukana na ugonjwa huweza kupunguza kutakikana kwa huduma za kimatibabu wakati wa mlipuko kwa 2/3 na vifo kwa nusu, lakini bado kusababisha vifo mamia ya maelfu na mifumo ya afya kulemewa.
Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available, if that comes first), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed.
Kukandamiza hupendelewa lakini huhitaji kudumishwa wakati wote vile virusi vinazidi kuenea katika idadi ya watu (au mpaka chanjo ipatikane, hiyo ikija kwanza), au kusambazwa ama sivyo huibuka tena haraka wakati hatua hulegezwa.
Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic causes social and economic costs.
Mikakati ya muda mrefu ya kukandamiza janga husababisha gharama ya kijamii na kiuchumi.
There are no specific antiviral medications approved for COVID-19, but development efforts are underway, including testing of existing medications.
Hakuna dawa ya kinzavirusi iliyoidhinishwa ya COVID-19, lakini juhudi ya kuzitengeneza zinaendelea, pamoja na kupima kwa dawa zilizopo.
Taking over-the-counter cold medications, drinking fluids, and resting may help alleviate symptoms.
Kutumia dawa zinunuliwazo bila maagizo ya daktari, kunywa maji, na kupumzika huweza kusaidia kupunguza dalili.
Depending on the severity, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and breathing support may be required.
Kulingana na ukali, tiba ya kuongezwa hewa, dripu, na msaada wa kupumua huweza kuhitajika.
The use of steroids may worsen outcomes.
Utumizi wa dawa za kujenga misuli huweza kuzorotesha matokeo.
Several compounds that were previously approved for treatment of other viral diseases are being investigated for use in treating COVID-19.
Kemikali kadhaa ambazo hapo awali ziliidhinishwa kwa matibabu ya magonjwa mengine ya virusi zinachunguzwa kwa matumizi kutibu COVID-19.
The WHO also stated that some "traditional and home remedies" can provide relief of the symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-19.
WHO pia ilitaja kwamba "baadhi ya suluhu za kienyeji na za nyumbani" zinaweza kutoa nafuu kwa dalili zinazosababishwa na SARS-CoV-19.
Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.
Kuongeza nafasi na kubadilisha huduma za afya kwa mahitaji ya wagonjwa wa COVID-19 inaelezwa na WHO kama hatua ya msingi ya kukabiliana na kuzuka kwa ugonjwa.
The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and primary healthcare services for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling elective procedures whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing intensive care capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available ventilators and beds.
ECDC na ofisi ya eneo la Ulaya ya WHO zimetoa miongozo ya hospitali na za huduma ya msingi ya afya ya kuelekeza rasilimali katika viwango kadhaa, pamoja na kuelekeza huduma za maabara kwa kupima COVID-19, kufuta taratibu zilizopangwa iwezekanapo, kukaa mbali na kutenga wagonjwa walio na COVID-19, na kuongeza uwezo wa huduma za utunzaji wa hali ya juu kwa kuwafunza wafanyakazi na kuongeza nambari ya vifaa vya kusaidia kupumua na vitanda.
There are various theories about where the very first case (the so-called patient zero) may have originated.
Kuna nadharia nyingi kuhusu mahali kisa cha kwanza (inayojulikana kama mgonjwa wa kwanza) huenda alitokea.
The first known case of the novel coronavirus may trace back to 1 December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Kisa cha kwanza inayojulikana ya virusi vya korona geni huweza kufuatiliwa hadi tarehe 1 December 2019 Wuhan, Hubei, Uchina.
Within a month, the number of coronavirus cases in Hubei gradually increased.
Katika muda wa mwezi moja, nambari ya visa vya virusi vya korona Hubei ziliongezeka polepole.
These were mostly linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sold live animals, and one theory is that the virus came from one of these kinds of animals; or, in other words, has a zoonotic origin.A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor Zhang Jixian in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.
Haya yalihusishwa na Soko la Jumla la Samaki Huanan, ambayo pia iliuza wanyama walio hai, na nadharia moja ni kuwa virusi vilikuja kupitia mojawapo ya aina ya wanyama hawa; au, kwa namna nyingine, ina chanzo cha kutoka kwa wanyama hadi binadamu.Vikundi vya mchochota wa pafu ambazo chanzo chao haijulikani ilitambuliwa tarehe 26 Desemba na kutibiwa na daktari Zhang Jixian katika Hospitali ya Mkoa ya Hubei, ambaye alijulisha CDC iliyo Wuhan Jianghan tarehe 27 Desemba.
On 30 December, a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital alerted their colleagues of a "SARS-like coronavirus".
Tarehe 30 Desemba, kikundi cha madaktari katika Hospitali ya Kati ya Wuhan walitahadharishawenzao ya "virusi vya korona inayofanana na SARS".