atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
je, dalili hizi zimekuwa zikiendelea kwa takriban muda gani sasa?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
na maumivu ya kifua yanapaswa kutibiwa hivi hasa umri wako ukizingatiwa
and along with a fever
pamoja na joto jingi mwilini
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
na pia kiwango chako cha kolesteroli na shinikizo la damu linapaswa kupimwa
and are you having a fever now?
na je, una joto jingi mwilini sasa?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
na je, una dalili zozote kati ya hizi pamoja na maumivu ya kifua chako
and are you having a runny nose?
na je, una mafua?
and are you having this chest pain now?
na je, una maumivu haya ya kifua sasa?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
kando na hayo, je una matatizo ya kupumua
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
na unaweza kuniambia ni dalili zipi zingine ulizo nazo pamoja na hizi?
and does this pain move from your chest?
na je, maumivu haya yanasonga kutoka kwa kifua chako?
and drink lots of fluids
na unywe vinywaji vingi
and how high has your fever been
na umekuwa na joto jingi mwilini lililo kali kiasi gani
and i have a cough too
na nina kikohozi pia
and i have a little cold and a cough
ninahisi mafua kidogo na kikohozi
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
na nina maumivu mabaya sana ya kifua leo
and is this the right time for your hay fever
na huu ndio wakati mwafaka wa homa yako ya mzio
and it get the chest pain
na ninapata maumivu ya kifua
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
na ninafikiri nina joto mwilini kiasi
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
na ninataka ufafanue mahali ambapo pana maumivu ya kifua
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
na ni kama ana dalili sawa
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
na niambie, ni dalili zipi ulizo nazo sasa?
and they're having some fevers as well
na ana joto mwilini pia
and with your history of diabetes
na kwa historia yako ya kisukari
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
na unajua ninahisi kana kwamba kifua changu kitapasuka
and you know people cough on me all the time
na unafahamu kuwa watu hunikoholea kila wakati
and you're having chest pain
na una maumivu ya kifua
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
na dalili zako hazipotei katika muda wa siku tano
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
na ulisema kwamba hili ni shinikizo kwenye kifua chako
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
mtu yeyote katika familia ana tatizo la moyo, ugongwa wa moyo,mshtuko wa moyo, kiwango cha juu cha kolesteroli, shinikizo la damu
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
kuna dalili zozote zingine au matatizo unayoona pamoja kwa maumivu ya misuli?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
kuna maumivu yoyote makali kwenye sehemu ya kushoto ya kifua chako?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
je, kuna watu wengine ambao ni wagonjwa kama wewe walio nyumbani na dalili sawa na zako?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
una ugumu wowote wa kupumua sasa?
are you having any other symptoms?
je, una dalili zozote zingine?
are you having any shortness of breath?
je, unahisi kukatika kwa pumzi?
are you still having the chest pain
je, bado una maumivu ya kifua
because this is flu season
kwa sababu huu ni msimu wa homa ya mafua
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
kando na kisukari, je, una matatizo mengine au magonjwa kuu?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
lakini pia hatupaswi kutengwa kwa ajili ya maumivu ya kifua yanayotokana na mshtuk wa moyo
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
lakini tatizo muhimu zaidi sasa ni maumivu haya ya kifua
but if you have the cough
lakini ikiwa una kikohozi
but i have difficulty breathing
lakini ni ugumu wa kupumua
but i know lot of people cough on me
lakini ninajua watu wengi kuhokoa kwangu
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
lakini tunapaswa kuchukulia kila maumivu ya kifua kwa umakini mkubwa
but you're breathing all right right now right?
lakini kwa sasa unapumua vizuri kabisa sio?
cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
nimesahau kabisa kilichosababisha maumivu haya ya kifua
cause they're having a cough
kwa sababu ana kikohozi
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
je, unahisi kana kwamba mtu anakama kifua chako
do still feel like shortness of breath
je bado unahisi kukatika pumzi
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
je, wanalalamika kuwa wagonjwa na dalili sawa?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
je, una tatizo lolote la shinikizo la damu kadri ujuavyo?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
je, una ugonjwa mwingine sugu kama vile shinikizo la damu au chochote sawa na hicho?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
je, una matatizo yoyote ya magonjwa sugu kama vile kisukari?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
je, unakatika pumzi pamoja na maumivu hayo ya kifua?
do you have high blood pressure?
je, una shinikizo la damu?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
je, una unakatika pumzi unaochukuana na hilo?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
je, unafahamu dalili aliokuwa nazo?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
je, jamaa zako wana dalili sawa
do you see the image?
je unaona taswira hiyo?
drink plenty of fluids today
kunywa bidhaa za majimaji kwa wingi leo
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
nina kikohozi kikavu, homa na mafua, kutapika na kuendesha
however i take tests for the diabetes
hata hivyo ninapimwa kwa ajili ya kisukari
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
hata hivyo, ana dalili karibu sawa na zangu
how high is your fever?
je, homa yako ni kali kiasi gani?
how' s your blood pressure?
kiwango cha shinikizo lako la damu ni kipi?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
sidhani kwamba nina shinikizo la damu
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
ninahisi maumivu kifuani katika sehemu ya mbele ya kifua
if you continue to have high fevers
ukiendelea kuwa na joto jingi mwilini
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
iwapo una homa ya kiwango cha mia au mbili au zaidi
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
iwapo unafikiri kwamba dalili au matatizo yako yanahitaji kuangaliwa vyema zaidi
i got a fever yesterday
nilishikwa na homa jana
i got a slight fever too
nilikuwa na homa kidogo pia
i had a fever yesterday
nilikuwa na homa jana
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
nilikuwa na maumivu makali mafupi kifuani
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
nina maumivu makali hapa kwenye kifua
i have hay fever though too
nina homa inayoanza pia
i have made on the body around the chest area?
nimekuwa nayo mwilini karibu na eneo la kifua?
i have some difficulty breathing too
nina ugumu wa kupumua pia
i'll send you an image
nitakutumia taswira
i'm having some chest pain today
nina maumivu fulani ya kifua leo
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
leo ninaumwa na kichwa na joto mwilini
in my opinion it is flu
kwa maoni yangu ni homa ya mafua
in my opinion this is a little flu
kwa maoni yangu hii ni homa kidogo tu ya mafua
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ninaweza kuiona ikitokea katikati ya kifua chako kuelekea kwenye shingo lako
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
je, ni kana kwamba mtu mzito mno anakalia kifua chako?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
ilianza kwa maumivu ya kichwa na homa karibu siku moja
it hurts in the chest
inauma ndani ya kifua
it hurts in the middle of my chest
inaumia sehemu ya katikati mwa kifua
it is a pressure like chest pain
ni maumivu ya kifua kama ya shinikizo
it is in my chest
iko ndani ya kifua changu
it is in the center of my chest
iko katikati ya kifua changu
it is in the center of the chest
iko katikati ya kifua
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
inafanyika katikati ya kifua changu
it is right in the center of my chest
iko katikati ya kifua changu hasa
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
inaonekana una homa au mafua aina ya garden
i've got pain in my chest
nina maumivu ya kifua
i've very concerned of this chest pain
nina wasiwasi sana kuhusu maumivu haya ya kifua
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
ninataka uniambie kwa kufafanua maumivu haya ya kifua
i will send you an image
nitakutumia taswira
i will send you an image on your screen
nitakutumia taswira kwenye skrini yako
like high blood pressure or diabetes
ni kama shinikizo la damu au kisukari
like right in the center of the chest
kama katikati ya kifua
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
mara nyingi ni aina hii ya maumivu ya kifua
my sister has similar symptoms
dadangu ana dalili sawa na hizo
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
sasa kwa ajili ya homa, unaweza kumumunya pipi aina ya tachipirina
now i send you an image
ninakutumia taswira sasa
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
sasa mary umekuwa na dalili hizi ka muda wa siku ngapi
now you said you have a chest pain
sasa ulisema kwamba una maumivu ya kifua
occasionally i have some chest pain
wakati fulani huwa nina maumivu fulani ya kifua
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
sawa, je una dalili zozote zingine pamoja na hizi kando na maumivu hayo
or if you have high blood pressure
au ikiwa una shinikizo la damu
or somebody sitting on your chest?
au mtu kukalia kifua chako?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
sawa kwa kiasi kikubwa wakiwa na homa na kikohozi, kichwa kuuma na maumivu ya misuli
right in the middle of my chest
katikati ya kifua changu
show me on this image where you feel the pain
nionyeshe kwenye picha hii, unapohisi maumivu
since you have a fever
kwa vile una homa
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
kwa hivyo unafikiri kwamba baadhi ya dalili hizi zinawea kuhusiana na kuwa mjamzito?
so your chest pain started this morning
kwa hivyo maumivu yako ya kifua yalianza asubuhi hii
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
kwa hivyo watoto wako wana baadhi ya dalili sawa?
tell me about your chest pain
niambie kuhusu maumivu ya kifua chako
the fever increases at night
joto jingi mwilini huongezeka wakati wa usiku
the fever i've had for the last two days
nimekuwa na joto jingi mwilini kwa siku mbili zilizopita
the fever started to increase last night
joto mwilini lilianza kuongezeka usiku wa jana
the fever started two days ago
joto mwilini lilianza siku mbili zilizopita
the muscle pains with the hay fever
maumivu ya misuli na joto mwilini linaloanza
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
huyu ni daktari porter katika chumba cha dharura cha kuchagua visa vya kupewa kipaumbele
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
sawa, hebu niambie zaidi kuhusu maumivu ya kifua chako?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
sawa maoni yangu ni kwamba hii ni homa ya mafua
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
ninahisi maumivu katika sehemu ya mbele ya mwili wangu kwenye kifua changu
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
nimekuwa na maumivu makali ndani ya kifua changu
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
nikisikia kuhusu dalili zako, inaonekana kwamba una mojawapo ya virusi vya homa ya mafua
well when i have that pain in my chest
ndiyo ninapokuwa na maumivu ya kifua
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
ni aina gani ya maumivu uliyo nayo kwenye kifua chako?
when this chest pain started?
wakati maumivu haya ya kifu yalianza?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
ni wapo unapohisi maumivu kwenye kifua chako?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
mahali unapohisi maumivu haya ya kifua kwenye kifua hiki
you are probably having chest pain
pengine una maumivu ya kifua
you feel like tightness on your chest
unahisi kufungana kwenye kifua chako
you know i got diabetes and stuff
unajua nina kisukari na mengineyo
you said you're having this chest pain
ulisema una maumivu haya kwenye kifua
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
Kuongezeka kwa kasi kwa visa vya ugonjwa wa virusi vya korona (COVID-19) katika Muungano wa Ulaya/Eneo la Kiuchumi la Ulaya na Uingereza, tarehe 1 Januari hadi tarehe 15 Machi 2020
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
Jumla ya matukio ya visa vya ugonjwa wa virusi vya korona (COVID-19) yanaonyesha mshabaha katika nchi za Muungano wa Ulaya/Eneo la Kiuchumi la Ulaya na Uingereza kuthibitisha kwamba, katika kiwango tofauti kwa kutegemea nchi husika, janga la COVID-19 linaendelea kua kwa kasi katika nchi zote.
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
Kulingana na hali ilivyo nchini Italia, mataifa, hospitali na vitengo vya kushughulikia wagonjwa mahututi vinapaswa kuongeza hali yao ya kuwa tayari kwa ongezeko la wagonjwa wa COVID-19 watakaohitaji matiababu na hasa hali mahututi.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Mnamo tarehe 31 Disemba 2019, kikundi cha visa vya nyumonia ambavyo vyanzo vyao havijulikani kiliripotiwa kule Wuhan, Mkoa wa Hubei, China.
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Tarehe 9 Januari 2020, Kituo cha Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa cha China kiliripoti chanzo cha ugonjwa kuwa ni virusi vipya vya korona ambavyo kwa sasa vinafahamika kama matatizo mabaya ya pumu yaani sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Hivyo, ugonjwa unaosababishwa na maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2 umepewa jina ugonjwa wa virusi vya korona (COVID-19).
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
Ushahidi uliopo hadi sasa ni kwamba 80% ya watu walio na COVID-19 wana hali ya wastani ya ugonjwa, yaani maambukizi ya njia ya pumu au bila nimonia na wengi wao walipona.
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
Katika 14% ya visa, COVID-19 hukua kwa ugonjwa wa hali mbaya zaidi unaohitaji mtu kulazwa hopsitalini huku 6% ya visa vilivyosalia vikiwa vya hali mahututi vinavyohitaji matibabu ya hali mahututi.
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
Kiwango cha vifo vya wagonjwa waliolazwa kutokana na COVID-19 ni 4%.
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
Katika utafiti huu, tunatathmini jumla ya matukio ya COVID-19 katika kila nchi ya Muungano wa Ulaya/Eneo la Kiuchumi la Ulaya (EU/EEA) na Uingereza (UK) na kulinganisha na hali katika Mkoa wa Hubei, China.
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
Pia tulilinganisha idadi ya visa vya sasa vya COVID-19 katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza UK na idadi nchini Italia kuanzia tarehe 31 Januari–15 Machi 2020.
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Visa vya COVID-19 katika mataifa ya EU/EEA na Uingereza
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
Baada ya China, COVID-19 ilienea katika maeneo ya kijiografia na masuala ya janga la COVID-19 katika maeneo mengine ya ulimwengu kwa sasa yanafuata yale ya nchi hii.
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Mnamo tarehe 11 Machi 2020, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni (WHO) alitangaza COVID-19 kuwa janga kubwa.
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
Katika toleo la tarehe 5 Machi la Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. waliripoti kuhusu visa vya kwanza kuthibitishwa vya COVID-19 kulingana na ufafanuzi wa kisa kwa mujibu wa WHO.
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Katika EU/EEA, Vvisa vitatu vya kwanza kuthibitisha viliripotiwa na Ufaransa mnamo tarehe 24, Januari 2020 miongoni mwa watu waliorejea kutoka Wuhan, Mkoa wa Hubei, China.
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
Kufikia tarehe 15 Machi 2020, visa vya COVID-19 vilikuwa vimegunduliwa katika mataifa yote 30 ya EU/EEA na Uingereza (UK), ambapo kati ya tarehe 31 Disemba 2019 pamoja na tarehe hiyo, visa 39,768 na vifo 1,727 vilikuwa vimeripotiwa, huku visa 17,750 na vifo 1,441 vikiwa Italia pekee.
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
Kupata jumla ya idadi na jumla ya matukio ya visa vya COVID-19
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
Katika kituo cha Kuzuia na Kudhibiti Ugonjwa ya Ulaya (ECDC), idadi iliyoarifiwa ya visa vya COVID-19 katika kila nchi duniani kote, iliyopatikana kutoka vyanzo vyovyote rasmi kama vile WHO, husasishwa kila siku saa 8:00 asubuhi.
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
Data hizi zilitumika kwa kutathmini masuala ya sasa ya COVID-19 katika EU/EEA na UK, kwa kuzilinganisha na za Italia.
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
Kama sehemu ya maambukizi ya visa vilivyopo vya COVID-19, tulipiga hesabu ya jumla ya matukio ya COVID-19 katika siku 14 zilizopunguzwa, hivyo kuzingatia chanzo asilia ya COVID-19, katika kila nchi ya EU/EEA na Uingereza, katika kipindi cha tarehe 1 Januari hadi 15 Machi 2020.
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Pia tuliwasilisha idadi ya jumla ya visa vilivyoarifiwa vya kila nchi kufikia tarehe 15 Machi 2020 saa 8:00 asubuhi ikilinganishwa na ile ya nchi ya Italia kwa kipindi cha kuanzia tarehe 31 Januari–15 Machi 2020.
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Masuala ya sasa kuhusu COVID-19 katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
Masuala ya sasa katika matukio ya visa vya COVID-19 katika siku 14 zilizopunguzwa katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza kwa jumla yalifuata yale ya Mkoa wa Hubei (China) (Picha ya 1).
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
Kwa EU/EEA na Uingereza kijumla, jumla ya matukio ya COVID-19 yalianza kuongezeka mnamo tarehe 21 Februari na kuongezeka zaidi tarehe 28 Februari 2020 (Andiko la ziada).
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
Hii iliendeshwa zaidi na ongezeko la idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa kutoka nchini Italia, lakini kote katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza zilionyesha masuala swa ya ongezeko la matukio ya jumla ya COVID-19 (Andiko la ziada).
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Picha ya 2 inaonyesha jumla ya idadi ya visa vya COVID-19, katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza ikilinganishwa na ile ya Italia kwa kipindi cha tarehe 31 Januari-15 Machi 2020.
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
Inaangazia kwamba, kufikia tarehe 15 Machi 8:00 asubuhi, nchi nyingine 15 za EU/EEA na Uingereza tayari ziliripoti idadi ya jumla ya visa inayoweza kulinganishwa na ile ya Italia katika muda wa wiki 3 awali au chini.
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Matokeo yetu yanaonyesha kwamba idadi ya visa vya COVID-19 vilivyoarifiwa inaongezeka pakubwa katika EU/EEA na Uingereza.
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
Masuala yaliyotazamwa katika jumla ya matukio ya COVID-19 yalipendekeza kwamba janga hili kubwa linaongezeka kwa kasi inayoweza kulinganisha katika nchi zote.
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
Hii ni licha ya nchi tofauti kuwa katika viwango tofauti, tofauti katika jinsi kila afya ya umma inavyokabiliana na uwezekano wa ufafanuzi tofauti wa visa katika nchi na taratibu tofauti za kuchagua wagonjwa ambao ni lazima wapimwe kwa uthibitishaji wa COVID-19, ikiwa ni pamoja na upimaji wa watu.
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
Mapema Machi 2020, madaktari katika maeneo yaliyoathirika ya Italia walifafanua hali ambapo 10% ya wagonjwa wa COVID-19 walihitaji tiba ya kina na vyanzo vya habari viliripoti kwamba hospitali na vitengo vya kushughulikia wagonjwa mahututi tayari vilikuwa vimejaa pomoni.
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
Data kuhusu kulazwa kwa wagonjwa wa visa vya COVID-19 katika hospitali au kitengo cha kushughulikia wagonjwa mahututi kwa sasa zinapatikana kiwango cha EU/EEA kwa 6% na 1% ya visa mtawalia (data haijaonyeshwa).
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
Hata hivyo, zinapaswa kukusanywa kwa utaratibu maalum ili kutumika pamoja na data ya sasa ya uchunguzi inayoangazia idadi ya visa vilivyoripotiwa na idadi ya vifo.
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
Utafiti uliofanywa 2010-11 ulionyesha tofauti kubwa katika upatikanaji wa vitanda vya matibabu ya hali mahututi na ya wastani barani Ulaya, kuanzia 29.2 nchini Ujerumani hadi vitanda 4.2 kwa kila idadi ya watu 100,000 nchini Ureno.
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
Hii inamaanisha kwamba nchi zinaweza kuwa na rasilimali chache au nyingi kuliko Italia (vitanda vya kulaza watu walio katika hali mahututi na matibabu ya wastani 12.5 kwa kila idadi 100,000 mwaka 2010-11).
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
Hali za kimuundo zinazohusiana na kulemewa kwa uwezo wa kushughulikia matibabu, kukiwa na makadirio ya kila nchi iliyo EU/EEA na Uingereza ya maambukizi watu walio na COVID-19 waliolazwa hospitalini wenye hatari ya > 90% ya kupita uwezo wa vitanda vilivyopo kushughulikia watu walio katika hali mahututi, umetolewa katika sasisho la sita la tathmini ya hatari ya haraka kuhusu COVID-19..
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
Kwa vile visa kwa sasa vimejumuishwa katika maeneo fulani katika nchi za EU/EEA na Uingereza, na hospitali na vitengo vya kushughulikia watu walio katika hali mahututi kikawaida huduma eneo la idadi maalum, taarifa kuhusu visa na vitanda vya kulazwa kwa watu walio katika hali mahututi inapaswa kupatikana katika vitengo vya kihimaya vya Kutoa majina kwa ajili ya takwimu ya kiwango cha 2 (NUTS-2).
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Hali iliyopo nchini Italia na masuala yanayoendelea sasa katika nchi nyingine yanaonyesha kwamba janga kubwa la COVID-19 linaongezeka kwa kasi katika EU/EEA na Uingereza.
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
Nchi, hospitali na vitengo vya kushughulikia wagonjwa mahututi hivyo vinapaswa kujiandaa kwa hali ya kuendelea kwa maenezi ya kijumuiya ya SARS-CoV-2 na ongezeko la idadi ya wagonjwa wa COVID-19 wanaohitaji tiba na hasa matibatu ya watu walio katika hali mahututi, kama vile inayofanyika katika maeneo yaliyoathirika ya Italia.
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
Kama ilivyodokezwa katika tathmini ya hivi majuzi ya hatari ya kasi ya ECDC, mwelekeo wa haraka, unaohusisha watu na tondoti ni muhimu katika kuchelewesha kuenea kwa SARS-COV-2, kukiwa na mabadiliko kutoka mtazamo wa kiudhibiti hadi wa kukabiliana, kwa vile ongezeko linalotarajiwa la idadi ya visa huenda lisiwape wafanya maamuzi na hospitali muda wa kutosha kuelewa, kukubali na kuweka mikakati yao ya kukabiliana ipasavyo wasipotekeleza ipasavyo mapema.
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Tathmini ya hatari ya haraka pia inaorodhesha hatua za afya ya umma ili kukabiliana na athari za janga kubwa.
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
Kuna nafasi ndogo ya fursa ambapo nchi zina uwezo wa kuongeza jitihada zao za udhibiti ili kupunguza kuenea kwa SARS-CoV-2 na kupunguza shinikizo kwenye matibabu.
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
Kukosa kufanya hivyo, kuna uwezekano wa mifumo ya tiba ya afya ya nchini nyingine za EU/EEA kukabiliwa na ongezeko la wagonjwa wanaohitaji tiba ya kina ndani ya siku au wiki zijazo.
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
Mkurupuko wa ugonjwa wa Virusi vya korona 2019 (COVID-19), unaosababishwa na matatizo mbaya ya pumu yaani severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hivyo umewauwa zaidi ya watu 3,000 na kuwaambukiza zaidi ya 80,000 nchini China na kwigineko duniani, na kusababisha janga kwa binadamu.
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
Sawa na virusi vinavyofanana navyo, SARS-CoV, vilivyosababisha SARS miongoni mwa maelefu ya watu mwaka 2003, SARS-CoV-2 vinaweza pia kusambazwa kutoka kwa popo na kusababisha dalili sawa kupitia njia sawa.
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
Hata hivyo, COVID-19 ina hali ya chini ya ukali na viwango vya vifo kuliko SARS lakini uwezo mkubwa wa kupitishwa na kuambukiza watu wazee kuliko vijana na wanaume zaidi ya wanawake.
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
Katika kushughulikia hali ya ongezeko la idadi ya machapisho kuhusu ugonjwa huu unaoibuka, makala haya yanajaribu kutoa ukaguzi wa muda ufaao na tendeti wa mada hii ya utafiti inayokuwa kwa haraka.
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
Tutashughulikia masuala msingi kuhusu epidemiolojia, etiolojia, vairolojia, uchunguzi, matibabu, vyanzo vyake na uzuiaji wa ugonjwa.
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
Ingawa bado kuna maswali mengine yanayohitaji kujibiwa, tunatumai kuwa ukaguzi huu utasaidia katika kuelewa na kuondoa ugonjwa huu unaotisha.
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
Tamasha la Spring Festival mnamo tarehe 25 Januari 2020 limekuwa kumbukumbu ambalo halikutarajiwa lisiloweza kusahaulika kwa Wachina wote ambao walihimizwa kukaa nyumbani katika kipindi kizima cha likizo na kwa wiki nyingi baadaye kutokana na mkurupuko wa ugonjwa mpya unaoenezwa na virusi.
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Virusi hivyo vinafanana sana na virusi vya korona (CoV) vilivyosababisha mkurupuko wa matatizo mabaya ya pumu yaani sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) mwaka wa 2003; hivyo, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni lilivipa jina SARS-CoV-2 mnamo tarehe 11, Februari 2020 na ugonjwa unaohusiana nao ulipewa jina la CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
Janga hili kubwa lilianza kule Wuhani, China na kuenea haraka kote nchini na karibu nchi nyingine 50 kote ulimwenguni.
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
Kufikia tarehe 2, Machi 2020, virusi hivi vimesababisha visa 80,000 vilivyothibitishwa vya COVID-19, huku zaidi ya wagonjwa 40,000 wakikubaliwa kurudi nyumbani na zaidi ya 3,000 waliaga dunia.
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
WHO inaonya kwamba COVID-19 ni “adui nambari 1 ya umma” na una uwezekano wa kuwa na nguvu zaidi ya ugaidi.
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
Kulingana na PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), katika muda wa chini ya miezi miwili, zaidi ya makala 200 yamechapishwa kuhusu COVID-19 ikiwa ni pamoja na vairolojia, epidemiolojia, etiolojia, uchunguzi na matibabu tangu ripoti ya kwanza tarehe 7 Januari, 2020 iliyobaini mfululizo wa utengani wa virusi kutoka kwa wagonjwa wengi.
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
Ukaguzi huu unajaribu kutoa muhtasari wa maendeleo ya utafiti katika eneo mada mpya inayokua kwa haraka.
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
Panapowezekana, tutajaribu kulinganisha COVID-19 na SARS na ugonjwa mwingine unaosababishwa na CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, na mkurupuko mnamo 2012).
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
Pia, tutajadili mambo ambayo tumejifunza kufikia sasa kuhusiana na uzuiaji na chanzo cha ugonjwa pamoja na baadhi ya maswali ambayo bado hayajajibiwa.
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
Virusi vya CoV kijadi vimezingatiwa kuwa virusi visivyo hatari kwa binadamu, ambavyo hasa husababisha takriban 15% ya mafua ya kawaida 4.
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
Hata hivyo, katika karne hii, tumekumbana na CoV vya binadamu vinavyosambazwa zaidi na virusi mara mbili, yaani, SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV, ambavyo vilisababisha mkurupuko nchini China mwaka 2003 na Saudi Arabia mwaka 2012, mtawalia, na punde vikaenea haraka katika mataifa mengine mengi vikiwa na hali ya juu ya kuwa ugonjwa na viwango vya vifo.
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
Kwa hivyo, mkurupuko wa sasa wa COVID-19 ndio mkurupuko wa tatu wa CoV katika historia iliyorekodiwa ya binadamu.
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
Kama ilivyoonyeshwa kwenye ​Picha ya 1,1, mikusanyiko ya nimonia ambayo chimbuko lake halikujulikana iliripotiwa mara ya kwanza kutoka Wuhani tarehe 31 Disemba 2019 kwa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Afya nchini China.
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
Siku saba baadaye, msururu wa CoV ulizinduliwa.
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
Tarehe 15 Januari 2020, kisa cha kwanza kibaya zaidi kutoka Wuhani kiliripotiwa.
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
Kwa sasa, janga hili lilienea haraka katika miji, mikoa na nchi jirani.
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
Tarehe 20 Januari, maambukizi miongoni mwa watoa huduma ya matibabu yaliripotiwa, na kuashiria kuwa maambukizi kutoka kwa binadamu hadi binadamu yaliwezekana.
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
Tarehe 23 Januari, shughuli za kawaida jiji Wuhani zilifungwa na usafiri wa umma kusitishwa.
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
Tarehe 24 Januari, utafiti wa kwanza wa kimatibabu kuhusu ugonjwa huu uliripotiwa, kati ya wagonjwa 41 waliokuwa na visa vilivyothibitishwa, 21 pekee ndio walikuwa wamegusana moja kwa moja na soko la vyakula vya baharini la Wuhan ambalo lilizingatiwa kuwa eneo ambapo maambukizi yalianza kutoka kwa chanzo cha mnyama asiyejulikana.
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
Mnamo tarehe 30 Januari, WHO ilitangaza mkurupuko huu kuwa dharura la afya ya ulimwengu.
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
Kufikia wakati wa kuchapishwa kwa ripoti hii, ugonjwa huu tayari umeenea kote nchini China na karibu nchi nyingine 50 kote ulimwenguni (Picha. (Picha.2). 2).
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
Kadri hali ikiendelea kua, upeo wa mwisho na hali ya athari ya mkurupuko huu bado haujabainiwa.
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
Mmano tarehe 11 Februari 2020, utafiti wa vituo anuwai wa wagonjwa 8,866 wakiwemo 4,021 ambao walithibitishwa kuwa na COVID-19 uliwasilisha taswira iliyosasishwa zaidi ya janga hili kama ifuatavyo (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
Virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 viliathiri watu wa umri wote, lakini wengi wa kati ya miaka 30-65.
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
Takribani nusu (47.7%) ya watu walioambukizwa walikuwa na zaidi ya miaka 50, wachache walikuwa chini ya miaka 20 na watu 14 pekee ndio walikuwa na umri wa chini ya miaka 10.
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
SARS-CoV-2 iliathiri wanaume wengi zaidi (0.31/100,000) kuliko (0.27/100,000).
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
COVID-19 ilipanuka katika makundi hasa katika na karibu na Hubei.
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
COVID-19 ilichukua idadi ya wastani ya siku 5 (siku 2-9) kutoka mwanzo mwa uchunguzi.
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
Kipindi cha wastani cha kuatamia kwake kilikuwa siku 4.8 (3.0-7.2).
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
Kipindi cha wastani cha kuanzia kwake hadi kifo kilikuwa siku 9.5 (4.8-13).
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
Idadi msingi wa kizazi (R0) ilikuwa 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), na R0 iliyobadilishwa ilikuwa 2.23-4.82.
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
Idadi ya watu walioambukizwa iliongezeka kabla ya tarehe 23 Januari 2020, ikilingana na muda wa usafiri wa watu wengi kabla ya Tamasha ya Spring Festival nchini China.
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Kiwango cha vifo vya wagonjwa waliothibitishwa kuwa na visa kilikuwa 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), na kiwango kilichobadilishwa cha vifo vya wagonjwa kilikuwa 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
Vigezo vitatu vikuu vya hatari ya COVID-19 vilikuwa ngono (mme), umri (≥60), na hali mbaya ya nimonia.
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
CoV ni familia ndogo ya virusi vikubwa na vilivyofungamanishwa vilivyo na msururu mmoja wa RNA.
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
Vinaweza kugawanywa katika aina nne, yaani, alpha, beta, gamma na delta, ambapo aina za alpha- na beta za CoV zinafahamika kuambukiza binadamu.
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
Mfungamano wa glycoprotini (S) unafunga vitambuzi vya seli zake vya angiotensini vinavyobadilisha enzaimu 2 (ACE2) na dipeptdyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) ya SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV, mtawalia kisha muunganisho wa utando kutokea.
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
Jenomu ya RNA ya virusi inaachiliwa kwenye saitoplasimu; baada ya kuzalishwa kwa jenomu ya virusi, RNA ya kijenomu pamoja na glaikoprotoni zilizofungamanishwa na protini za nucleacapsidi kutengeneza vilengelenge vilivyo na virioni, ambavyo kisha vinaunganishwa na utando wa plasma ili kuachilia virusi.
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
Msururu wa kwanza wa kijenomu wa SARS-CoV-2 iliripotiwa tarehe 10 Januari 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 ilipatikana kuwa aina mpya ya beta-CoV yenye zaidi ya 99.98% ya utambulisho wa kijenetiki miongoni mwa sampuli 10 zilizofuatilizwa zilizokusanywa kutoka eneo asili la mkurupuko huu, soko la Huanan Seafood la Wuhani.
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
Virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 vinafanana zaidi na SARS-CoV kijenetiki kuliko MERS-CoV.
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
Kupitia uchunguzi wa usambazaji kielektroniki, vipande vya SARS-CoV-2 vilipatikana kwenye vijisehemu vyembamba zaidi vya njia ya hewa ya binadamu.
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
Human ACE2 ilipatikana kuwa kitambuzi cha SARS-CoV-2 sawa na SARS-CoV.
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
Hata hivyo, protini S ya SARS-CoV-2 inaunganisha kwenye human ACE2 kwa njia dhaifu zaidi kuliko SARS-CoV, jambo linaloambatana na ukweli kwamba virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 husabisha hali isiyo mbaya zaidi ya maambukizi kwa wagonjwa vikilinganishwa na SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 pia inaweza kuunda protini fupi mpya yenye msimbo orf3b na protini inayozalishwa yenye msimbo orf8.
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
Kiambajengo cha orf3b cha SARS-CoV-2 kinaweza kuchukua nafasi katika hali ya virusi kusababisha magojwa na kuzuia kujitokeza kwa IFNβ; hata hivyo, orf8 haina kikoa chochote kinachojulikana kinachofanya kazi.
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
Mnamo tarehe 18 Februari, 2020, Zhou na wenzake, waliripoti muundo wa cryo-EM wa urefu kamili wa human ACE2 kuwa ubainifu wa 2.9 Å kwa uchangamano na kisafirishi cha amino asidi B0AT1.
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
Waligundua kwamba uchangamano huo, uliokuwa na pande wazi na funge za kuendana, ulikusanywa kama molekuli mbili na uchangamano wa ACE2-B0AT1 unaweza kuunganisha protini mbili za S, jambo linalotoa ushahidi wa utambuzi na maambukizi ya CoV.
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
B0AT1 inaweza kuwa kilengwa ya kimatibabu kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa dawa ya kudidimiza maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2.
The origin and intermediate host
Chimbuka na mbebaji virusi wa kati
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
Imekuwa ikifahamika kwamba SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV vina chimbuko kutoka kwa popo na vilisambazwa kwa binadamu kupitia paka ngawa na ngamia, mtawalia.
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
Kupitia mlinganisho wa kifilojenetiki wa SARS-CoV-2 na CoV vingine, popo walizingatiwa kuwa wabebaji wa SARS-CoV-2 kwani virusi hivi vinafanana kwa 96% na CoV vinavyofanana na SARS kutoka kwa popo vinavyoitwa bat-SL-CoVZX45 na SL-CoVZX21.
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
Hata hivyo, mbebaji wa kati aliyesaidia virusi hivi kuhamia kwa binadamu kutoka kwa kizuizi cha aina hiyo ya mnyama bado hajulikani na njia ya usambazaji wake bado haijapambanuliwa.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji na wenzake, walipendekeza nyoka kuwa wabebaji virusi kutoka kwa popo hadi kwa binadamu jambo lililohusisha ujumuishaji tena unaofanana ndani ya protini ya S.
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
Kwa mujibu wa utafiti fulani, watafiti walio Guangzhou, China, walipendekeza kwamba kakakuona mwenye pua refu, wanyama wanaokula mchwa ambao wametumika kijadi kama dawa ya Kichina - wana uwezekano mkubwa wa kubeba virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 kulingana na 99% ya homojia ya kijenetiki katika CoV vilivyogunduliwa ndani ya kakakuona na SARS-CoV-2.
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
Hata hivyo utofauti wa maenezi wa 1% miongoni mwa jenomu mbili bado ni tofauti kubwa; hivyo, matokeo kamilifu kwa ajili ya ushahidi thabiti bado yanasubiriwa (Picha. (Picha 33).
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
Sifa za kifisio-kemia za SARS-CoV-2 bado hazijulikani pakubwa.