atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
An example of these effects is the loss of a full-length ORF4 in the HCoV-229E prototype strain, owing to a two-nucleotide deletion.
Mfano wa athari hizi ni kupotea kwa urefu kamili wa ORF4 katika sampuli awali ya HCoV-229E, kutokana na kufutwa kwa nukleotidi mbili.
While intact ORF4 could be observed in bat and camel viruses related to HCoV-229E, the alpaca alpha-CoV displays a single nucleotide insertion, resulting in a frameshift.
Huku ORF4 thabiti ikiwa na uwezekano wa kupatikana kwenye virusi vinavyopatikana kwenye popo na ngamia vinavyohusiana na HCoV-229E, virusi vya alpha-CoV vilivyopatikana kwenye alpaca vilionyesha kuwekwa kwa nukleotidi moja, kukisababisha kubadilika kwa fremu.
Last but not least, the evolution of novel HCoVs is also driven by the selection pressure in their reservoir hosts.
Hatimaye, ukuaji wa virusi vipya vya HCoV pia hutokana na shinikizo la uteuzi kwenye hifadhi ya mbebaji virusi.
Asymptomatic or only mild symptoms were detected when bats were infected with CoVs, indicating the mutual adaptation between CoVs and bats.
Kutokuwepo kwa dalili au dalili za kiasi ndizo ziligunduliwa wakati popo waliambukizwa na CoV, ikiashiria kuzoeleka kwa pamoja kati ya CoV na popo.
It appeared that bats are well adapted to CoVs anatomically and physiologically.
Ilionekana kwamba virusi vya CoV vilizoeleka kwa popo vyema kimuundo na kiutendakazi wa mwili.
For example, defects in the activation of pro-inflammatory response in bats efficiently reduce the pathology triggered by CoVs.
Kwa mfano, hitilafu katika kukabiliana na hali ya kuchomeka ndani ya popo kulifanikisha kupunguza uwezo wa kusababisha ugonjwa kunaowezeshwa na CoV.
Besides, the natural killer cell activity in bats is suppressed due to upregulation of inhibitory natural killer cell receptor NKG2/CD94 and low expression level of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
Vilevile, shughuli ya seli ya uuwaji asilia kwenye popo imedidimizwa kutokana na kuzalishwa kwa vipokezi vizuizi vya seli ya uuwaji asilia ya NKG2/CD94 na kiwango cha chini cha molekuli za aina ya I za mchanganyiko wa uoanifu wa tishu.
Moreover, the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from high metabolic activity of bats could both suppress CoV replication and affects proofreading by exoribonuclease, thus providing the selection pressure for the generation of virus strains highly pathogenic when introduced into a new host.
Isitoshe, kiwango kikubwa cha aina za oksijeni tendaji (ROS) zinazozalishwa kutokana na shughuli nyingi mwilini mwa popo zinaweza kudidimiza mwigo wa CoV na kuathiri mapitio ya Eksoribonuklisi, hivyo kutoa shinikizo la uteuzi kwa ajili ya uzalishaji wa aina ya virusi vilivyo na uwezo mkuu wa kusababisha ugonjwa vinapoingizwa katika mazingira mapya.
More pathogenic CoV strains might also evolve by recombination, leading to the acquisition of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
Sampuli zaidi za kusababisha ugonjwa za CoV zinaweza kukua kupitia uunganishaji tena, na kusababisha kupatikana kwa protini mpya au sifa za protini kwa ajili ya kuzoeleka kwenye mbebaji.
Thus, it is not by chance that three novel HCoVs have emerged in the past two decades.
Hivyo, si kwa bahati kuwa virusi vitatu vipya vya HCoVs vimeibuka katika kipindi cha miongo miwili iliyopita.
CoVs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
Virusi vya CoV havina uwezo wa kusababisha ugonjwa au husababisha dalili za kiasi kwa wabebaji wahifadhi wao kama vile popo na ngamia.
They replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
Huzalishwa kwa wingi bila kuonyesha makabiliano ya kinga thabiti ya mwili ya mbebaji wake.
Herein lie the secrets of why asymptomatic carriers are seen and what causes the severe cases in human infection.
Hapa kuna siri kuhusu ni kwa nini wabebaji virusi wasio na dalili hupatikana na kinachosababisha visa kali katika maambukizi ya binadamu.
The severe symptoms are mainly due to the hyperactivation of immune response and the cytokine storm wherein the stronger the immune response, the more severe the lung damage.
Dalili kali mara nyingi hutokana na kuchochewa sana na kinga ya mwili kupigana kupita kiasi na mlipuko wa saitokini ambapo kinga ya mwili likiwa thabiti sana, mapafu huharibika zaidi.
In contrast, in asymptomatic carriers, the immune response has been de-coupled from CoV replication.
Kwa upande mwingine, katika wabebaji wasio na dalili, makabiliano ya kinga ya mwili hutenganishwa kutoka kwa uzalishaji wa CoV.
The same strategy of delinking the immune response might have beneficial effects in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
Mkakati sawa wa kutenganisha makabiliano ya kinga ya mwili unaweza kuwa na manufaa katika tiba dhidi ya SARS-CoV-2.
The interferon response is particularly strong in bats.
Athari ya protini zinazotolewa na mbebaji virusi ni thabiti hususan kwenye popo.
Thus, administration of type I interferon at least in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans should be beneficial.
Hivyo, utoaji wa protini zinazotolewa na mbebaji virusi za aina ya I angalau katika awamu ya mapema ya maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2 katika binadamu kunapaswa kuwa na manufaa.
In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bats is defective.
Isitoshe, kuamilishwa kwa NLRP3 inflammasome kwenye popo huwa na madhara.
By this reasoning, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.
Kwa mantiki hii, uzuiaji wa NLRP3 inflammasome kwa kutumia MCC950 kunaweza kuwa muhimu katika matibabu ya COVID-19.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 follows the general theme by which SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV arose.
Kuibuka kwa SARS-CoV-2 kunafuata mtindo wa kijumla ambapo virusi vya SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV viliibuka.
Whereas a bat beta-CoV sharing 95% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV has been found, there also exists a bat-CoV sharing 96% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV-2.
Ingawa virusi vya beta-CoV vya popo vilivyo na mfanano wa 95% wa nukleotidi na SARS-CoV vimepatikana, pia kuna virusi vya-CoV vya popo viliyo na mfanano wa 96% wa nukleotidi na SARS-CoV-2.
Whereas civets and other animals in the markets have been found to harbour viruses identical to SARS-CoV, immediate intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not been identified.
Ijapokuwa ngawa na wanyama wengine sokoni wamepatikana kuwa na virusi vinavyofanana na SARS-CoV, wabebaji wa kati wa karibu wa SARS-CoV-2 hawajatambuliwa.
Pangolin beta-CoVs strikingly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 have been found, indicating that pangolins might serve as one of intermediate hosts or pangolin beta-CoVs could contribute gene fragments to the final version of SARS-CoV-2.
virusi vya Beta-CoVs vinavyopatikana kwa kakakuona ambavyo vinafanana sana na SARS-CoV-2 vimepatikana, hii inaashiria kwamba kakakuona wanaweza kuwa wabebaji wa kati au virusi vya beta-CoV vinavyopatikana kwa kakakuona vinaweza kuchangia vipande vya jeni kwa aina ya mwisho ya SARS-CoV-2.
Although questions remain, there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is man-made either deliberately or accidentally.
Ingawa maswali bado yanasalia, hakuna ushahidi kwamba virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 vimetengenezwa na binadamu kwa kukusudia kwa bahati mbaya.
CoVs have returned to the limelight due to the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
Virusi vya CoV vimerejea kumilikwa tena kutokana na mkurupuko wa hivi majuzi wa SARS-CoV-2.
The study of CoVs in bats and other animals has drastically changed our perception of the importance of zoonotic origins and animal reservoirs of HCoVs in human transmission.
Utafiti wa virusi vya CoV ndani ya popo na wanyama wengine umebadilisha haraka mitazamo yetu kuhusu umuhimu wa machimbuko ya wanyama na uhifadhi wa wanyama wa HCoV katika usambazaji kwa binadamu.
Pervasive evidence has shown that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have a bat origin and are transmitted to humans via intermediate hosts.
Ushahidi uliotanda kote umeonyesha kwamba SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2 vina chimbuko kutoka kwa popo na vinasambazwa kwa binadamu kupitia wabebaji wa kati.
Given that SARS-CoV infection originates from the contact between humans and civets in the markets, closing wet markets and killing civets therein could have effectively ended the SARS epidemic.
Kwa kuwa maambukizi ya SARS-CoV hutokana na kutangamana kati ya binadamu na ngawa sokoni, kufunga soko za wanyama na kuwauwa ngawa wote mle kungesaidia kungefanikiwa kukomesha janga la SARS.
By the same reasoning, pangolins should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission, in view of the discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin beta-CoVs closely related to SARS-CoV-2.
Kwa mantiki sawa na hiyo, kakakuona wanapaswa kuondolewa kwenye soko la wanyama ili kuzuia usambazaji wa wanyama, kutokana na ugunduzi wa vizazi vingi vya beta-CoV vinavyopatikana kwa kakakuona vinavyohusiana kwa karibu na SARS-CoV-2.
However, whether and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted to humans through pangolins and other mammals remain to be clarified in future investigations.
Hata hivyo, iwapo na jinsi virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 husambazwa kwa binadamu kupitia kakakuona na mamalia wengine inasalia kuwekwa wazi katika uchunguzi wa siku zijazo.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has existed in dromedary camels for a long time.
Kwa upande mwingine, virusi vya MERS-CoV vimekuwepo ndani ya ngamia warefu zaidi kwa muda mrefu.
These camels serve as an important tool for transportation as well as a main source of meat, milk, leather and wool products for the local people.
Ngamia hawa hutumika kama zana muhimu katika kusafirisha pamoja na chanzo kikuu cha nyama, maziwa, bidhaa za ngozi na bidhaa za pamba kwa watu mtaani.
They are widely distributed across the Middle East and Africa.
Wamesambaa pakubwa kote Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika.
It is therefore impossible to sacrifice all camels for the control of MERS, as what was done in wild animal markets in China to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Kwa hivyo haiwezekani kuwauwa ngamia wote ili kudhibiti MERS, kama ilivyofanywa katika masoko ya wanyama wa porini nchini China ili kuzuia kuenea kwa SARS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2.
To stop the recurrent outbreaks of MERS, a comprehensive approach should be taken to develop effective vaccines against MERS-CoV for camels, in combination with other infection control measures.
Ili kukomesha mikurupuko ya mara kwa mara ya MERS, mwelekeo tondoti unapaswa kuchukuliwa ili kuunda chanjo inayofaa dhidi ya MERS-CoV kwa ngamia, pamoja na mikakati mingine ya kudhibiti maambukizi.
As we are not able to eliminate these viruses, new genotypes might emerge to cause outbreaks.
Kwa sababu hatuwezi kuondoa virusi hivi, aina mpya inaweza kuibuka na kusababisha mikurupuko.
A variety of zoonotic CoVs are circulating in the wild.
Aina nyingi za virusi vya CoV vinayosambazwa na wanyama zinasambazwa porini.
Particularly, bat CoVs with zoonotic potential are so diverse.
Hususan, virusi vya CoV vinavyosababishwa na popo vyenye uwezo wa kusambazwa na wanyama ni anuwai mno.
There are plenty of opportunities that these zoonotic CoVs evolve and recombine, resulting in the emergence of new CoVs that are more transmissible and/or deadly in humans in future.
Kuna fursa nyingi ambapo virusi hivi vya CoV vinavyosambazwa na wanyama hukua na kuungana tena, vikisababisha kuibuka kwa virusi vingine vya CoV ambavyo vinasambazwa zaidi na/au ni hatari zaidi kwa binadamu katika siku zijazo.
The culture of eating wild animals in some places of China should be abandoned to reduce unnecessary contact between humans and animals.
Utamaduni wa kula wanyama wa porini katika baadhi ya maeneo nchini China unapaswa kuachwa ili kupunguza utangamano kati ya binadamu na wanyama.
With the ordeals of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, a better preparedness and response plan should be in place.
Kwa sababu ya kuwepo kwa matatizo ya SARS, MERS na COVID-19, hali ya kujitayarisha vyema na mpango wa kukabiliana unapaswa kuwekwa.
In fact, many viruses have existed in the planet for a very long time.
Hakika, virusi vingi vimekuwepo duniani kwa muda mrefu.
They stay in their own natural reservoirs until there is a chance for spillover.
Virusi hivi huishi katika hifadhi zao asilia hadi wakati kuna nafasi ya kusambaa.
Although bats have many features that favours the spreading of viruses, the chance for humans to be in contact with bats and other wildlife species can be minimized if people are educated to stay away from them.
Ingawa popo wana sifa nyingi zinazowezesha kusambaa kwa virusi, nafasi ya binadamu kutangamana na popo na viumbe wengine wa porini inaweza kupunguzwa ikiwa watu wataelimishwa kukaa mbali ya wanyama hao.
Continuous surveillance in mammals is necessary for better understanding of the ecology of CoVs and their natural hosts, which will prove useful in preventing animal-to-human transmission and future outbreaks.
Ni muhimu uchunguzi kuendelea kwa wanyama ili kuelewa vyema ekolojia ya CoV na wabebaji wao asilia, jambo litakalodhihirisha kuwa muhimu katika kuzuia usambazaji kutoka kwa mnyama hadi kwa binadamu na mikurupuko ya siku zijazo.
To conclude, the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is for humans to stay away from the ecological niches of the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic viruses.
Kuhitimisha, njia inayofaa zaidi ya kuzuia usambazaji wa virusi kutoka kwa wanyama ni kwa binadamu kukaa mbali na mazingira ya kiekolojia ya wahifadhi asilia wa virusi vinavyosambazwa kutoka kwa wanyama.
Several pieces in the puzzle of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 are still missing.
Bado kuna mambo mengi yasiyojulikana kuhusu chimbuko la SARS-CoV-2 kutoka kwa wanyama.
First, if bats transmit an ancestral virus of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins, it will be of interest to see under what circumstances bats and pangolins could share the same ecological niche.
Kwanza, ikiwa popo wanasambaza virusi vya kijadi vya SARS-CoV-2 kwa kakakuona, itakuwa jambo la kuvutia kuona ni katika hali zipi ambapo popo na kakakuona wanaweza wakapatikana katika mazingira sawa ya kiekolojia.
Second, if bats play a more direct role in human transmission, how humans get into contact with bats should be determined.
Pili, iwapo popo wana nafasi ya moja kwa moja zaidi katika usambazaji kwa binadamu, inapaswa kubainiwa jinsi binadamu hutangamana na popo.
Third, if a third mammal acts as the true intermediate host, how it interacts with the different species including humans, bats and pangolins has to be clarified.
Tatu, ikiwa mamalia wa tatu atatumika kama mbebaji halisi wa kati, inapaswa kubainishwa jinsi mnyama huyo huingiliana na viumbe wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na binadamu, popo na kakakuona.
Finally, since many mammals including domestic animals might be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, both surveillance and experimental infection should be conducted.
Hatimaye, kwa kuwa wanyama wengine ikiwa ni pamoja na wanyama wa nyumbani wanaweza kuwa katika hatari ya kupata SARS-CoV-2, maambukizi ya kiuchunguzi na kimajaribio yanapaswa kuendeshwa.
Should it be a bat, a pangolin or another mammal, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 or its parental viruses that are almost identical will be identified in its natural hosts in future.
Ikiwa ni popo, kakakuona au mnyama mwingine, inatarajiwa kwamba SARS-CoV-2 au virusi vyake vizalishaji ambavyo vinakaribia kufanana vitatambuliwa kwenye wabebaji wake asilia katika siku zijazo.
Continued investigations in this area will elucidate the evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in animals, with important implications in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in humans.
Kuendelea kwa uchunguzi katika uwanja huu kutapambanua njia ya ukuaji wa SARS-CoV-2 katika wanyama, na athari muhimu ikiwa katika uzuiaji na udhibiti wa COVID-19 katika binadamu.
Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020
Makadirio ya Awali ya Maambukizi ya Hali Teule Sugu Miongoni mwa Wagonjwa wa Ugonjwa wa Virusi vya Korona 2019 — Marekani, Tarehe 12 Februari –28 Machi 2020
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic.
Mnamo tarehe 11 2020, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni lilitangaza Ugonjwa wa Virusi vya Korona 2019 (COVID-19) kuwa ni janga kubwa.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 571,678 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 26,494 deaths have been reported worldwide.
Kufikia tarehe 28 Machi 2020, jumla ya visa 571,678 vya COVID-19 na vifo 26,494 vimeripotiwa ulimwenguni kote.
Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions.
Ripoti kutoka China na Italia zinaonyesha kwamba vigezo vya hatari vya ugonjwa mbaya ni pamoja na umri mkubwa na kuwepo kwa angalau moja kati ya hali kadhaa sugu za kiafya.
U.S. older adults, including those aged ≥65 years and particularly those aged ≥85 years, also appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated outcomes; however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Watu wazima wazee nchini Marekani, wakiwemo wale walio na miaka ≥65 na hususan wale walio na umri wa ≥85, pia wanaonekana kuwa katika hatari kubwa ya kuwa na matokeo yanayohusiana na COVID-19; hata hivyo, data inayoeleza hali sugu za afya miongoni mwa wagonjwa wa COVID-19 nchini Marekani bado haijaripotiwa.
As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported.
Kufikia tarehe 28 Machi 2020, majimbo na himaya za Marekani zimeripoti visa 122,653 vya COVID-19 nchini Marekani kwa CDC, ikiwa ni pamoja na 7,162 (5.8%) ambao kwao kuliripotiwa data kuhusu hali sugu za afya na vigezo vingine vya hatari kwa matokeo mabaya kutokana na maambukizi ya pumu.
Among these 7,162 cases, 2,692 (37.6%) patients had one or more underlying health condition or risk factor, and 4,470 (62.4%) had none of these conditions reported.
Miongoni mwa visa hivi 7,162, wagonjwa 2,692 (37.6%) walikuwa na hali moja au zaidi sugu au kigezo cha hatari na 4,470 (62.4%) hawakuwa na hali hizi.
The percentage of COVID-19 patients with at least one underlying health condition or risk factor was higher among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (358 of 457, 78%) and those requiring hospitalization without ICU admission (732 of 1,037, 71%) than that among those who were not hospitalized (1,388 of 5,143, 27%).
Asilimia ya wagonjwa wa COVID-19 waliokuwa na angalau hali moja sugu ya afya au kigezo cha hatari ilikuwa juu miongoni mwa wale waliohitaji kulazwa kwenye chumba cha kuhudumia wagonjwa mahututi ICU (358 kati ya 457, 78%) na wale waliohitaji kulazwa hospitalini lakini sio katika ICU kwa 9732 kati ya 1,037, 71%) kuliko miongoni mwa wale ambao hawakulazwa hospitalini (1,388 kati ya 5,143, 27%).
The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease.
Hali zilizoripotiwa zaidi zilikuwa kisukari, ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu na ugonjwa wa matatizo ya moyo.
These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions.
Matokeo haya ya awali yanapendekeza kwamba nchini Marekani, watu walio na hali sugu za afya au vigezo vingine vinayotambuliwa vya hatari kwa ajili ya matokeo mabaya kutokana na maambukizi ya pumu wanaonekana kuwa katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya ugonjwa mbaya kutoka COVID-19 kuliko watu bila hali hizi.
Data from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to CDC from 50 states, four U.S. territories and affiliated islands, the District of Columbia, and New York City with February 12–March 28, 2020 onset dates were analyzed.
Data kutoka visa vya COVID-19 vilivyothibitishwa kwenye mahabara zilizoripotiwa kwa CDC kutoka majimbo 50, himaya nne za Marekani na visiwa husiani, Wilaya ya Kolombia na Jiji la New York zikiwa na tarehe za kuanza baina ya 12 Februari - 28 Machi 2020, zilichanganuliwa.
Cases among persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China, and the Diamond Princess cruise ship were excluded.
Visa miongoni mwa watu waliorejeshwa nyumbani nchini Marekani kutoka Wuhan, China na meli ya Diamond Princess havikujumuishwa.
For cases with missing onset dates, date of onset was estimated by subtracting 4 days (median interval from symptom onset to specimen collection date among cases with known dates in these data) from the earliest specimen collection.
Katika visa vilivyokosa tarehe ya kuanza, tarehe ya kuanza ilikadiriwa kwa kuondoa siku 4 (muda wa kati kutoka kuanza kwa dalili hadi kukusanywa kwa data miongoni kwa visa vilivyo na tarehe zinazojulikana kwenye data hizi) kutoka wakati mapema zaidi sampuli ilipokusanywa.
Public health departments reported cases to CDC using a standardized case report form that captures information (yes, no, or unknown) on the following conditions and potential risk factors: chronic lung disease (inclusive of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and emphysema); diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; chronic renal disease; chronic liver disease; immunocompromised condition; neurologic disorder, neurodevelopmental, or intellectual disability; pregnancy; current smoking status; former smoking status; or other chronic disease.
Idara za afya ya umma ziliripoti visa kwa CDC kwa kutumia fomu ya kawaida ya kuripoti visa ambayo ilinakili taarifa (ndiyo, la au haijulikani) kuhusu hali zifuatazo na vigezo vinavyoweza kuwa hatari: ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu (ikiwa ni pamoja na matatizo ya kupumua, ugonjwa sugu wa kufungwa kwa mishipa ya damu [CPD] na kukatika pumu); kisukari; ugonjwa wa moyo; ugonjwa sugu wa njia ya mkojo; ugonjwa sugu wa maini; hali ya kuingiliwa kwa kinga ya mwili; matatizo ya kiakili, ukuaji wa kiakili au ulemavu wa kiakili; ujauzito; hali ya sasa ya kutumia sigara; hali ya zamani ya kutumia sigara au magonjwa mengine sugu.
Data reported to CDC are preliminary and can be updated by health departments over time; critical data elements might be missing at the time of initial report; thus, this analysis is descriptive, and no statistical comparisons could be made.
Data zilizoripotiwa kwa CDC ni za awali na zinazoweza kusasishwa na idara ya afya muda baada ya muda; vipengele muhimu vya data vinaweza kukosekana wakati wa ripoti ya awali; hivyo, uchanganuzi huu ni fafanuzi na hakuna ulinganisho wa kitakwimu ambao ungeweza kufanywa.
The percentages of patients of all ages with underlying health conditions who were not hospitalized, hospitalized without ICU admission, and hospitalized with ICU admission were calculated.
Hesabu ya asilimia ya wagonjwa wa umri zote waliokuwa na hali sugu za afya ambao hawakulazwa hospitalini, waliolazwa hospitalini bila kuwekwa katika chumba cha kushughulikiwa wagonjwa mahututi ICU na waliolazwa hospitalini kwenye chumba cha kushughulikiwa wagonjwa mahututi ICU ilipigwa.
Percentages of hospitalizations with and without ICU admission were estimated for persons aged ≥19 years with and without underlying health conditions.
Makadirio ya asilimia ya wagonjwa waliolazwa hospitalini kwa kulazwa au bila kulazwa katika chumba cha wagonjwa walio katika hali mahututi wenye umri wa ≥19 waliokuwa na wasiokuwa na hali sugu yalifanywa.
This part of the analysis was limited to persons aged ≥19 years because of the small sample size of cases in children with reported underlying health conditions (N = 32).
Sehemu hii ya uchanganuzi ulifanywa kwa watu wenye umri wa ≥19 pekee kwa sababu ya sampuli ndogo ya visa vya watoto waliokuwa na hali sugu zilizoripotiwa (N = 32).
To account for missing data among these preliminary reports, ranges were estimated with a lower bound including cases with both known and unknown status for hospitalization with and without ICU admission as the denominator and an upper bound using only cases with known outcome status as the denominator.
Ili kuwajibikia ukosefu wa data miongoni mwa ripoti za awali, tofauti zilikadiriwa huku upeo wa chini zaidi ukijumuisha visa vinavyojulikana na visivyojulikana vya hali ya watu kulazwa hospitalini ama kwa matibabu ya watu walio katika hali mahututi au la kama kigezo msingi na upeo wa juu ukitumia tu visa vilivyo na matokeo yanayojulikana kama kigezo msingi.
Because of small sample size and missing data on underlying health conditions among COVID-19 patients who died, case-fatality rates for persons with and without underlying conditions were not estimated.
Kwa sababu ya kiwango kidogo cha sampuli na kutokuwepo kwa data kuhusu hali sugu za afya miongoni mwa wagonjwa wa COVID-19 waliofariki, viwango vya vifo vya kila kisa kwa watu walio na, na wasio na hali sugu za afya havikukadiriwa.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 122,653 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (Figure) and 2,112 deaths were reported to CDC.
Kufikia tarehe 28 Machi 2020, jumla ya visa 122,653 vilivyothibitishwa kwenye mahabara (Picha) na vifo 2,122 viliripotiwa kwa CDC.
Case report forms were submitted to CDC for 74,439 (60.7%) cases.
Fomu za kuripoti visa zilizowasilishwa kwa CDC kwa ajili ya visa 74,439 (60.7%).
Data on presence or absence of underlying health conditions and other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections (i.e., smoking and pregnancy) were available for 7,162 (5.8%) patients (Table 1).
Data kuhusu kuwepo au kutokuwepo kwa hali sugu za afya na vigezo vingine vya hatari vinavyoweza kutambuliwa kwa ajili ya matokeo ya hali mbaya kutokana na maambukizi ya njia ya pumu (yaani., uvutaji sigara na ujauzito) zilipatikana kwa wagonjwa 7,162 (5.8%) (Jedwali la 1).
Approximately one third of these patients (2,692, 37.6%), had at least one underlying condition or risk factor.
Takriban thuluthi moja ya wagonjwa hawa (2,692, 37.6%), walikuwa na angalau hali moja sugu au kigezo cha hatari.
Diabetes mellitus (784, 10.9%), chronic lung disease (656, 9.2%), and cardiovascular disease (647, 9.0%) were the most frequently reported conditions among all cases.
Kisukari (784, 10.9%), ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu (656, 9.2%) na ugnjwa wa moyo (647, 9.0%) ndizo hali zilizoripotia mara nyingi zaidi kati ya visa vyote.
Among 457 ICU admissions and 1,037 non-ICU hospitalizations, 358 (78%) and 732 (71%), respectively occurred among persons with one or more reported underlying health condition.
Miongoni mwa watu 457 waliolazwa katika Chumba cha watu Mahututi na 1,037 ambao walilazwa hospitalini lakini sio katika chumba cha watu mahututi, 358 (78%) na 732 (71%), mtawalia ulitokea miongoni mwa watu walioripoti hali moja au zaidi sugu ya kiafya.
In contrast, 1,388 of 5,143 (27%) COVID-19 patients who were not hospitalized were reported to have at least one underlying health condition.
Ikilinganishwa, idadi ya wagonjwa 1,388 kati ya 5,143 (27%) wa COVID-19 ambao hawakulazwa hospitalini waliripotiwa kuwa na angalau hali moja sugu ya kiafya.
Among patients aged ≥19 years, the percentage of non-ICU hospitalizations was higher among those with underlying health conditions (27.3%–29.8%) than among those without underlying health conditions (7.2%–7.8%); the percentage of cases that resulted in an ICU admission was also higher for those with underlying health conditions (13.3%–14.5%) than those without these conditions (2.2%–2.4%) (Table 2).
Miongoni mwa wagojwa wenye umri wa miaka ≥19, asilimia ya wagonjwa waliolazwa hospitalini bila kuweka katika chumba cha ICU ilikuwa juu zaidi (27.3%–29.8%) kwa watu ambao walikuwa na hali sugu za afya kuliko kwa wale ambao hawakuwa na hali sugu za afya (7.2%–7.8%); asilimia ya visa vilivyosababisha wagonjwa kulazwa kwenye ICU pia ilikuwa juu kwa watu waliokuwa na hali sugu za afya kwa (13.3%–14.5%) kuliko wale ambao hawakuwa na hali hizi (2.2%–2.4%) (Jedwali la 2).
Small numbers of COVID-19 patients aged &lt; 19 years were reported to be hospitalized (48) or admitted to an ICU (eight).
Idadi ndogo ya wagonjwa wa COVID-19 walio na umri wa < 19 waliripotiwa kulazwa hospitalini (48) au kulazwa katika chumba cha watu walio katika hali mahututi ICU (wanane).
In contrast, 335 patients aged &lt; 19 years were not hospitalized and 1,342 had missing data on hospitalization.
Kwa ulinganifu, wagonjwa 335 wenye umri wa miaka chini ya < 19 hawakulazwa hopitalini na 1,342 hawakuwa na data yoyote kuhusu kulazwa hospitalini.
Among all COVID-19 patients with complete information on underlying conditions or risk factors, 184 deaths occurred (all among patients aged ≥19 years); 173 deaths (94%) were reported among patients with at least one underlying condition.
Miongoni mwa wagonjwa wote wa COVID-19 walio na maelezo kamili kuhusu hali sugu au vigezo vya hatari, vifo 184 vilitokea (vyote miongoni mwa wagonjwa wa umri wa miaka ≥19); vifo 173 (94%) viliripotiwa miongoni mwa wagonjwa wenye angalau hali moja sugu.
Among 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC as of March 28, 2020, 7,162 (5.8%) patients had data available pertaining to underlying health conditions or potential risk factors; among these patients, higher percentages of patients with underlying conditions were admitted to the hospital and to an ICU than patients without reported underlying conditions.
Miongoni mwa visa 122,653 vya COVID-19 nchini Marekani vilivyoripotiwa kwa CDC kuikia tarehe 28 Machi 2020, wagonjwa 7,162 (5.8%) walikuwa na data kuhusiana na hali sugu ya afya au uwezekano wa kuwepo vigezo vya hatari; miongonimwa wagonjwa hawa, asilimia ya juu ya wagonjwa wenye hali sugu za afya ililazwa hospitalini na kwenye ICU kuliko wagonjwa ambao hawakuwa na hali sugu.
These results are consistent with findings from China and Italy, which suggest that patients with underlying health conditions and risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and smoking, might be at higher risk for severe disease or death from COVID-19.
Matokeo haya yanaambatana na matokeo kutoka China na Italia, ambayo yanaashiria kwamba wagonjwa wenye hali sugu za afya na vigezo vya hatari, ikiwa ni pamoja lakini sio tu, kisukari, mshtuko wa moyo, COPD, ugonjwa wa moyo, ugonjwa wa ubongo, ugonjwa sugu wa njia ya mkojo na uvutaji sigara, huenda wakawa katika hatari kuwa zaidi ya kupata ugonjwa mbaya au kufa kutokana na COVID-19.
This analysis was limited by small numbers and missing data because of the burden placed on reporting health departments with rapidly rising case counts, and these findings might change as additional data become available.
Uchanganuzi huu ulikumbwa na changamoto kutokana na idadi ndogo na kukosekana kwa data kwa sababu ya uzito uliowekewa idara za afya zinazoripoti kukiwa na idadi inayoongezeka haraka ya visa na matokeo haya yanaweza kubadilika data ya ziada ikiendelea kupatikana.
It is not yet known whether the severity or level of control of underlying health conditions affects the risk for severe disease associated with COVID-19.
Bado haijulikani iwapo uzito au kiwango cha udhibiti wa hali sugu za afya huathiri hatari ya ugonjwa mbaya unaohusiana na COVID-19.
Many of these underlying health conditions are common in the United States: based on self-reported 2018 data, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults was 10.1%, and the U.S. age-adjusted prevalence of all types of heart disease (excluding hypertension without other heart disease) was 10.6% in 2017.
Hali nyingi hizi sugu ziliripotiwa nchini Marekani: kulingana na data ya walioripoti wenyewe ya 2018, maambukizi ya visa vya kisukari vilivyopimwa miongoni mwa watu wazima nchini Marekani yalikuwa 10.1% na maambukizi yaliyorekebishwa kulingana na umri nchini Marekani miongoni mwa aina zote za magonjwa ya moyo (bila kujumuisha mshtuko wa moyo bila ugonjwa mwingine wa moyo) yalikuwa 10.6% mwaka 2017.
The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among U.S. adults is 5.9%, and in 2018, the U.S. estimated prevalence of current asthma among persons of all ages was 7.9%.
Maambukizi yaliyorekebishwa kulingana na umri ya COPD miongoni mwa watu wazima nchini Marekani ni 5.9% na mnamo 2018, Marekani ilikadiria maambukizi ya ugonjwa wa pumu miongoni mwa watu wa umri wote ulikuwa 7.9%.
CDC continues to develop and update resources for persons with underlying health conditions to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19.
CDC inaendelea kuunda na kusasisha rasilimali kwa ajili ya watu walio na hali sugu za afya ili kupunguza hatari ya kupata COVID-19.
The estimated higher prevalence of these conditions among those in this early group of U.S. COVID-19 patients and the potentially higher risk for more severe disease from COVID-19 associated with the presence of underlying conditions highlight the importance of COVID-19 prevention in persons with underlying conditions.
Maambukizi mengi yaliyokadiriwa ya hali hizi miongoni mwa wale walio katika kikundi hiki cha mapema cha wagonjwa wa COVID-19 nchini Marekani na uwezekano wa hatari ya juu wa ugonjwa mbaya zaidi COVID-19 kutokana na kuwepo kwa hali sugu ukiangazia umuhimu wa kuzuia COVID-19 miongoni mwa watu walio na hali sugu za afya.
The findings in this report are subject to at least six limitations.
Matokeo katika ripoti hii yanakabiliwa na angalau vizuizi sita.
First, these data are preliminary, and the analysis was limited by missing data related to the health department reporting burden associated with rapidly rising case counts and delays in completion of information requiring medical chart review; these findings might change as additional data become available.
Kwanza, data hii ni ya awali na uchanganuzi wake ulikuwa na vizuizi kutokana na kukosekana kwa data inayohusiana na idara ya afya kuripoti mzigo unaohusiana na idadi ya visa inayoendelea kukua na kucheleweshwa kukamilishwa kwa maelezo yanayohitaji ukaguzi wa chati ya kimatibabu; matokeo haya yanaweza kubadilika data ya ziada ikiendelea kupatikana.
Information on underlying conditions was only available for 7,162 (5.8%) of 122,653 cases reported to CDC.
Maelezo kuhusu hali sugu yalikuwa yanapatikana kwa visa 7,162 (5.8%) kati ya 122,653 vilivyoripotiwa kwa CDC.
It cannot be assumed that those with missing information are similar to those with data on either hospitalizations or underlying health conditions.
Haiwezi kuchukuliwa kuwa wale ambao maelezo yao hayapo ni sawa na wale walio na data kuhusu kulazwa hospitalini au hali sugu za afya.
Second, these data are subject to bias in outcome ascertainment because of short follow-up time.
Pili, huenda data hii ina mapendeleo katika kuthibitisha matokeo kwa sababu ya muda mfupi wa kufuatilia.
Some outcomes might be underestimated, and long-term outcomes cannot be assessed in this analysis.
Baadhi ya matokeo huenda yakakosa kupewa uzito nayo matokeo ya muda mrefu hayawezi kutathminiwa katika uchanganuzi huu.
Third, because of the limited availability of testing in many jurisdictions during this period, this analysis is likely biased toward more severe cases, and findings might change as testing becomes more widespread.
Tatu, kwa sababu ya kiwango cha chini cha vipimo katika maeneo mengi katika wakati huu, uchanganuzi huu huenda ukaegemea visa vibaya zaidi na matokeo yanaweza kubadilika vipimo vikiendelea katika maeneo mengi.
Fourth, because of the descriptive nature of these data, attack rates among persons with and without underlying health conditions could not be compared, and thus the risk difference of severe disease with COVID-19 between these groups could not be estimated.
Nne, kwa sababu ya hali ya kiufafanuzi ya data hizi, viwango vya mashambulizi miongoni mwa watu walio na wasio na hali sugu za afya havingeweza kulinganisha na hivyo tofauti ya hatari ya ugonjwa mbaya pamoja COVID-19 kati ya vikundi hivi haingeweza kukadiriwa.
Fifth, no conclusions could be drawn about underlying conditions that were not included in the case report form or about different conditions that were reported in a single, umbrella category.
Tano, hakuna mahitimisho ambayo yangetolewa kuhusu hali sugu ambazo hazikujumuishwa kwenye fomu ya kuripoti visa au kuhusu hali tofauti ambazo ziliripotiwa katika kategoria moja ya jumla.
For example, asthma and COPD were included in a chronic lung disease category.
Kwa mfano, magonjwa ya pumu na COPD yalijumuishwa kwenye kategoria ya ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu.
Finally, for some underlying health conditions and risk factors, including neurologic disorders, chronic liver disease, being a current smoker, and pregnancy, few severe outcomes were reported; therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about the risk for severe COVID-19 among persons in these groups.
Hatimaye, kwa baadhi ya hali sugu za afya na vigezo vya hatari, ikiwa ni pamoja na matatizo ya kinyurolojia, ugonjwa sugu wa ini, matumizi ya sigara kwa sasa na ujauzito, matokeo machache ya hali mbaya yaliripotiwa; kwa hivyo, mahitimisho hayawezi kuafikiwa kuhusu hatari ya magonjwa haya kwa COVID-19 miongoni mwa watu walio katika vikundi hivi.
Persons in the United States with underlying health conditions appear to be at higher risk for more severe COVID-19, consistent with findings from other countries.
Watu walio Marekani walio na hali sugu za afya wanaonekana kuwa katika hatari kubwa zaidi kupata hali mbaya ya COVID-19, kuambatana na matokeo kutoka katika nchi nyingine.
Persons with underlying health conditions who have symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, or shortness of breath, should immediately contact their health care provider.
Watu walio na hali sugu za afya ambao wana dalili za COVID-19, ikiwa ni pamoja na joto jingi mwilini, kikohozi au ugumu wa kupumua, wanapaswa kuwasiliana na mtoa huduma wao wa afya mara moja.
These persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19, through washing their hands; cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces; and social distancing, including staying at home, avoiding crowds, gatherings, and travel, and avoiding contact with persons who are ill.
Watu hawa wanapaswa kuchukua hatua ili kujilinda dhidi ya COVID-19, kuosha mikono yao; kusafisha na kuua viini katika sehemu zinazoguswa sana; na kujiweka mbali ya watu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kukaa nyumbani, kuepuka mikutano ya hadhara, mikusanyiko ya watu, na usafiri, na kuepuka kugusana na watu ambao ni wagonjwa.
Maintaining at least a 30-day supply of medication, a 2-week supply of food and other necessities, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms are recommended for those with underlying health conditions.
Kudumisha usambazaji wa huduma za matibabu kwa angalau siku 30, usambazaji wa chakula na mahitaji mengine muhimu kwa wiki 2 na kufahamu dalili za COVID-19 kunapendekezwa kwa watu walio na hali sugu za afya.
All persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19 and to protect others.
Watu wote wanapaswa kuchukua hatua ili kujilinda kutokana na COVID-19 na kuwalinda wengine.
All persons who are ill should stay home, except to get medical care; should not go to work; and should stay away from others.
Watu wote ambao ni wagonjwa wanapaswa kukaa nyumbani, isipokuwa wakienda kutafuta matibabu, hawapaswi kuenda kazini na wanapaswa kukaa mbali ya watu wengine.
This is especially important for those who work with persons with underlying conditions or who otherwise are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
Hii ni muhimu hasa kwa wale walio karibu na watu walio na hali sugu au vinginevyo walio katika hatari kubwa ya matokeo mabaya kutokana na COVID-19.
Community mitigation strategies, which aim to slow the spread of COVID-19, are important to protect all persons from COVID-19, especially persons with underlying health conditions and other persons at risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
Mikakati ya kukabiliana ya jumuiya, inayolenga kupunguza kuenea kwa COVID-19, ni muhimu kulinda watu wote dhidi ya COVID-19, hasa watu walio na hali sugu za afya na watu wengine walio hatarini ugonjwa hatari unaohusiana na COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
What is already known about this topic?
Ni nini ambacho tayari kinafahamika kuhusu mada hii?
Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Ripoti zilizochapishwa kutoka China na Italia zinapendekeza kwamba vigezo vya hatari kwa ugonjwa hatari wa COVID-19 ikiwa ni pamoja na hali sugu za afya, lakini inayofafanua hali sugu za afya miongoni mwa wagonjwa wa COVID-19 nchini Marekani haijaripotiwa.
What is added by this report?
Ripoti hii inaongeza nini?
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
Kulingana na data ya awali ya Marekani, watu walio na hali sugu za afya kama vile kisukari, ugonjwa sugu wa mapafu na ugonjwa wa moyo, wanaonekana kuwa katika hatari kubwa wa ugonjwa mbaya unaohusiana na COVID-19 kuliko watu bila hali hizi.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Je athari zake kwa matendo ya afya ya umma ni zipi?
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
Mikakati ya kulinda watu wote na hasa wale walio na hali sugu za afya, ikiwa ni pamoja na kukaa mbali ya watu na kuosha mikono, inapaswa kutekelezwa na jumuiya zote na watu wote ili kusaidia kupunguza kuenea kwa COVID-19.
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
Kuibuka kwa Virusi vipya vya korona (COVID-19): Utaratibu wa Kuendeleza Uchunguzi Unaotumiwa na Chuo cha Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Center pamoja na Public Health England
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
Chuo cha Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) na Public Health England (PHE) vimefanikiwa kufanya kazi pamoja katika kuchunguza homa ya mafua na magonjwa mengine ya kuambukizana kwa muda wa miaka 50, ikiwa ni pamoja na majanga matatu yaliyopita.
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
Kutokana na kuibuka kwa mkurupuko wa maambukizi ya virusi vya korona (COVID-19) kote ulimwenguni, mwelekeo wa kitaifa wa Uingereza umewekwa ili kupima watu wanaoshukiwa kuwa hatarini kupata COVID-19.
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Wakati huo huo, uchunguzi wa RCGP RSC umeendelea kutumika kivyake ili kufuatilia kusambaa kimuda na kijiografia kwa maambukizi ya COVID-19 katika jamii pamoja na kutathmini ufanisi wa mkakati wa udhibiti.
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
Malengo ya utafiti hii ni kuchunguza COVID-19 miongoni mwa watu ambao hawana dalili pamoja na visa vya ulemavu wa kutembea na maambukizi ya pumu, kuhakikisha viwango na mtindo wa kuenea kwa COVID-19 na kutathmini ufanisi wa sera ya udhibiti.
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
RCGP RSC, mtandao wa zaidi ya huduma 500 za jumla nchini Uingereza, hukusanya data isiyotambulishwa kila wiki.
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
Uchunguzi huu ulioendelezwa unajumuisha sehemu tano: (1) Kurekodi kwenye rekodi za kimatibabu mtu yeyote anayeshukiwa kuwa au ambaye amekuwa hatarini kupata COVID-19.
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
Watoa huduma za rekodi za matibabu zinazozalishwa na kompyuta wameunda misimbo mipya ya kusaidia huduma hii ndani ya wiki moja ya kuombwa kufanya hivyo.
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) Kuendelezwa kwa uchunguzi wa sasa wa kivirolojia na kupima watu walio na ugonjwa unaofanana na homa ya mafua au maambukizi ya njia ya chini ya pumu (LRTI)—kwa tahadhari kwamba watu wanashukiwa kuwa au ambao wamekuwa hatarini kupata COVID-19 wanapaswa kupaswa kupelekwa katika vituo vya kidhibiti vya kitaifa badala ya kupewa tiba ya kimsingi.
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) Ukusanyaji wa sampuli za serolojia miongoni mwa vikundi vya umri wote.
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
Hii itakuwa sampuli ya damu ya ziada itakayochukuliwa kutoka kwa watu wanaotafuta huduma za kawaida kwa ajili ya vipimo vilivyoratibiwa vya damu.
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
Huduma 100 za kawaida ambazo kwa sasa zinafanya uchunguzi wa kila mwaka wa vairolojia ya homa ya mafua itahusika katika kuendelezwa kwa uchunguzi wa kivairolojia na serolojia.
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) Ukusanyaji wa sampuli za serami za watu wanaopona.
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
Tunaweza kuongeza muda wa uopoaji wa data hadi mara mbili kila wiki ikihitajika.
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
Sampuli na serami zitachunguzwa katika mahabari husika za PHE.
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
Watoa huduma wa kawaida wa mfumo wa kliniki wamezindua kwa dharura kikundi kipya cha misimbo ya kikliniki ya kusaidia katika uchunguzi wa COVID-19.
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
Isitoshe, huduma zinazoshiriki katika uchunguzi wa sasa wa viarolojia sasa zinachukua sampuli kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa COVID-19 kutoka kwa wagonjwa wenye hatari ya chini wanaoonyesha maambukizi ya njia ya chini ya pumu.
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
Ndani ya wiki 2 za kwanza za kuweka mipangilio ya uchunguzi huu, tumetambua visa 3: 1 kupitia mfumo mpya wa kuweka msimbo, vingine 2 kupitia kuendelea kuchukuliwa kwa sampuli ya viarolojia.
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
Tumeweza kubadilisha haraka mfumo wa kitaifa wa kufuatilia homa ya mafua wa RCGP RSC ukawa mfumo unaoweza kupima ufaafu wa sera ya kudhibiti COVID-19.
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
Uchunguzi ulioendelezwa tayari umesababisha matumizi ya misimbo mipya huku visa 3 vikiripotiwa.
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
Kushirikiwa haraka kwa utaratibu huu unapaswa kuwezesha uhakiki wa kisanyansi na mafunzo ya pamoja.