atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
Chuo cha Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) ni mtandao wa huduma za kawaida (GPs) yenye idadi ya watu kutoka sehemu zote za nchi wanaotoa data isiyotambulishwa kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa kila wa magonjwa ya kuambukizana.
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
Mpango wa uchunguzi wa ugonjwa unafadhiliwa na Public Health England (PHE) na huhusisha magonjwa 37 ya kuambukizana, ikiwa ni pamoja homa ya mafua.
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
RCGP RSC na PHE zimeshirikiana kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 katika uchunguzi wa homa ya mafua na magonjwa ya pumu na sasa zimo katika msimu wao wa 53 wa uchunguzi na uchanganuzi.
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
RCGP RSC huopoa data isiyotambulishwa kutoka kwa sampuli wakilishi ya kitaifa ya zaidi ya watu 500 wa mjini na wasio wa mjini kila wiki na hii inahusisha zaidi ya watu milioni 4.
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
Data kutoka katika huduma hizi zinaripotiwa mtandaoni kila wiki, ikiwa ni pamoja na kufuatilia viwango vya kila wiki vya ugonjwa unaofanana na homa ya mafua (ILI) na magonjwa mengine ya kuambukizana na ya pumu nchini Uingereza.
We also produce an annual report.
Pia tunatoa ripoti ya kila mwaka.
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
Seti ya data ya RCGP RSC inajumuisha data yote iliyosimbwa na bidhaa zote zilizopendekezwa ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi ya chanjo.
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
RCGP RSC huendesha uchunguzi wa vairolojia kila msimu wa homa ya mafua, wahudumu 100 wakishiriki katika msimu wa 2019-2020 (Picha ya 1).
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
Huduma za kuchukua sampuli za vairolojia pia ziliteuliwa kuwakilisha taifa nzima (Picha ya 1).
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
Wahudumu wanachukua sampuli za puani kutoka kwa watu wanaopnyesha ungonjwa mbaya wa pumu ndani ya siku 7 za kuanza kwa dalili.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
Chembe zinazotolewa puani kutoka kwa watoto walio na umri wa chini ya miaka 5 zinaoonyesha dalili za ugonjwa sugu wa mikamba ya kupumua.
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
Vilevile, sampuli zinazochukuliwa puani zinachukuliwa kutoka kwa mtu yeyote mwenye umri wa miaka 5 na zaidi anayeonyesha mwanzo wa hali mbaya ya ILI na virusi vya pumu.
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
Sampuli zinapimwa katika Kitengo cha Virusi vya Pumu PHE kwa ajili homa ya mafua ili kufuatilia viwango vya kuwepo kwa ugonjwa na aina zinazosambaa, pamoja na kupima chanjo kwa ufanisi.
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
The RCGP RSC ilifanikiwa kuendesha jaribio la kukusanya sampuli za kiserolojia kutoka kwa watu wazima na kuzihusisha na kwenye rekodi za kimatibabu za wagonjwa wakati wa mkurupuko wa homa ya mafua msimu wa 2018-2019.
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
Jaribio hili lilifanywa kwa ushirikiano na Kitengo cha Seroepidemiolojia ya PHE na kuongezea kwenye sampuli zilizokuwa za damu zilizowasilishwa kwa PHE na mahabara za Huduma ya Afya ya Kitaifa (HHS).
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
Serolojia inaweza kutoa maelezo muhimu kuhusu usuli wa kinga ya mwili ya watu, na mitandao ya maelezo inaweza kutoa utaratibu wa ukusanyaji wa data kimfumo na kuunganisha kwenye rekodi za kimatibabu na matokeo ya afya.
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
Jaribio la serolojia limeonyesha uwezo wa mtandao huu kukusanya sampuli za serolojia kwa watu wazima.
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
Kukiwa na mkurupuko wa COVID-19, PHE na RCGP RSC zimeanza kutumia uchunguzi uliopo wa homa ya mafua ili kufuatilia kuenea kwa COVID-19 katika jamii na utaratibu huu unaweka bayana msingi wa ushirikiano huo.
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
Mkakati wa kimsingi wa kitaifa wa maambukizi ya COVID-19 ni kuudhibiti, huku wagonjwa walio katika hatari kubwa zaidi wakifuatiliwa kupitia mfumo wa usaidizi wa njia ya simu NHS111 timu za ulinzi wa kiafya za PHE, lakini uchunguzi wa RCGP RSC ni tofauti kikamilifu.
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
RCGP RSC, kwa kuendeleza kazi yake iliyowekwa, itatoa huduma ya uchunguzi wa kivairolojia na kiserolojia ili kufuatilia kusambaa kwa COVID-19 kiwakati na kieneo katika jamii, na kuthamini ufanisi wa mkakati wa udhibiti.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Hatutafanya kazi pekee yetu katika utafiti huu.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Tutashiriki utaratibu huu na wenzetu nchini Uingereza na jumuiya ya I-MOVE ambao hivi majuzi wamepokea ufadhili kutoka kwa EU Horizon 2020 kwa “Kuendeleza ujuzi wa jinsi ya kukabiliana na virusi vya korona kimatibabu na afya ya umma”.
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Inatarajiwa kuwa ufanisi mkubwa katika usimamizi wa mradi utatokea kupitia ushirikiano huu kuliko ule uliopo katika nchi zinazofanya kazi pekee yao.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Lengo la utafiti huu ni kutambua iwapo kuna maambukizi ya jumuiya ambayo hayajagunduliwa ya COVID-19, makadirio ya watu kuwepo hatarini na kufuatilia kusambaa kwa COVID-19 kiwakati na kieneo katika jamii.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Malengo ya utafiti huu ni kama yafuatayo:
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Kufuatilia uzito wa shughuli ya kushukiwa kwa COVID-19 kwenye jamii kupitia uchunguzi wa tiba ya kimsingi na kuwekewa msimbo visa vinavyoweza kuwa vya COVID-19 vinavyorejelewa kwenye njia ya udhibiti
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Kutoa ushahidi wa kivairolojia kuhusu kuwepo na kiwango cha maambukizi ya COVID-19 ambayo hayajagunduliwa katika jamii na kufuatilia viwango vya visa vya maambukizi miongoni mwa watu wanaoonyesha ILI au maambukizi mabaya ya njia ya pumu kwa tiba ya kimsingi
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Kukadiria hali ya kimsingi ya jamii kuwa hatarini kupata COVID-19 na kukadiria viwango vya kuwepo hatarini kwa dalili au bila dalili miongoni mwa watu kupitia ufuatiliaji wa viwango vya virusi kwenye serami
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Kufanya jaribio la kutekeleza mbinu ya ukusanyaji wa serami kutoka kwa watu wanaopona kupitia wasifu wa antibodi miongoni watu waliopona kutokana na COVID-19 walioruhusiwa kurudi nyumbani.
We intend to capture the following.
Tunalenga kunasa yafuatayo.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Uzito wa kazi za kimatibabu zinazohusiana na ripoti za COVID-19 kwa kutumia misimbo iliyoundwa kutambua visa, vile vinavyotathminiwa na mahali maambukizi yametokea hazijajumuishwa (Picha 2--44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Nchi za kigeni ulizotembelea katika siku 28 zilizopita
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Misimbo iliyopo inayoweza kuwa na huduma muhimu (Majedwali ya 1-​-3).3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
Wengi wa hudumu na timu za tiba ya kimsingi huenda wasiweze kugundua kwamba data muhimu inaweza kusimbwa.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Kuna pia uwezekano wakati wa janga kubwa wa kufuatilia ufanisi wa hatua zozote za kudhibiti kusambaa.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Misimbo tegemewa ya herufi na matokeo ya vipimo yatakayoonyesha kwamba maambukizi ama yamethibitisha au hayajajumuishwa
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Mbinu hizi zitafuata mwelekeo unaotumika katika mfumo wa sasa wa uchunguzi wa homa ya mafua na utafiti wa hivi majuzi wa serolojia, na ina sehemu tano: (1) uchunguzi wa kimatibabu wa tiba msingi; (2) uchunguzi wa kivairolojia; (3) uchunguzi wa kiserolojia wa watu; (4) serami katika visa vya watu wanaopona; na (5) upangaji na ujumuishaji wa data.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS hutumia mfumo wa misimbo wa Majina ya Kimfumo ya Majina ya Kimatibabu (SNOMED CT), ambao kwa kawaida husasishwa mara bili pekee kila mwaka.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Kulikuwa na hali changamano iliyoongezeka kwa kuwa baadhi ya watoa huduma za rekodi za matibabu zilizowekwa kwenye kompyuta (CRM) hutumia mifumo ya usimbaji ya Uliosomwa ( Toleo la majina yaliyosomwa ya kimatibabu 3 - CTv3), ambao hausaishwi tena.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Vilevile, hakukuwa na misimbo ya kimatibabu ya kurekodi COVID-19 mapema mwezi Februari 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Kwa hivyo, watoa huduma wawili wakuu wa mfumo wa GP waliongeza majina yanayoonyeshwa kwenye Jedwali la 4 kama misimbo ya ndani ya mfumo mpana.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Toleo la dharura la Uingereza la dhana za SNOMED CT kwa ajili COVID-19 pia ulipatikana baadaye katika mifumo yote ya CMR (Jedwali la 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Nia ni kufanya haya hatimaye yawekwe kwenye dhana mpya za SNOMED CT zinapopatikana na kuruhusu kurekodiwa kwa data muhimu (Kiambatisho 1 cha MidiaAnuwai).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Mahitaji makuu ya toleo hili yalikuwa ni uwezo wa kusimba (Jedwali la 4) kisa cha COVID-19, kuwepo hatarini ya kupata maambukizi (kusafiri kuenda eneo ambapo kunaweza kuwa na hatari kubwa), kugusana na mtu yeyote aliyeambukizwa COVID-19, ripoti kwamba mtu amepimwa ugonjwa wa COVID-19 na kwamba ugonjwa haujajumuishwa (uwezekano wa kutokuwepo kwa ugonjwa).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Pamoja na hayo, huduma sasa zinaweza kusimba safari zozote za ng'ambo zilizofanywa, ikiwa ni pamoja na uwezo wa kurekodi safari kuelekea nchi nyingi (ilitekelezwa tarehe 8 Februari 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Picha 2-​-44 inaonyesha wavuti utekelezaji wa EMIS.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Kwa sasa, sampuli za vairilojia za uchunguzi wa homa ya mafua zinaambatana na fomu ya kawaida ya ombi.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
Kwa COVID-19, tutaunda fomu mpya ya ombi itakayorekodi:
Date of onset of symptoms
Tarehe ya kuanza kwa dalili
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Vipimo vya yoyote kati ya yafuatayo:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Matatizo ya mikamba ya kupumua kwa wale wenye umri wa chini ya miaka mitano
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Maambukizi ya njia ya chini ya pumu (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Historia ya joto jingi mwilini (Y/N); iliyopimwa (Y/N); ikiwa ndiyo, kiwango
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Ugumu wa kupumua (Y/N), ikiwa imepimwa: kutumika kwa hewa safi na kiwango cha kupumua
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Usafiri wa hivi majuzi (Y/N), ikiwa ndiyo, nchi zilizotembelewa katika siku 14 zilizopita
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Mgusano na mtu aliyetajwa kuthibitishwa kuwa na COVID-19 (Y/N) kwa maoni ya matini huru kuhusu kiwango cha uhakika
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Misimbo hii itawekwa kwenye vikundi kiontolojia kuwa “halisi”, “huenda ikawa”, “vinawezekana” na “sio kisa” kwa kutumia mwelekeo wetu wa kawaida wa misimbo ya kuweka visa kwenye vikundi (Jedwali la 5), ambao umetumika awali kote katika maeneo ya ugonjwa.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Ufafanuzi wa RCGP RSC wa ILI unaonyeshwa kwenye Jedwali la 2 la Midianuwai.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Uwasilishaji wa Data kwa Umma kwa kutumia Nyenzo za Kutazama na Dashibodi
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Tutaunda jukwaa la kimtazamo ili kuwasilisha data kitaifa na dashibodi ya majibu kwa vitendo kuusu ubora wao wa data na ukusanyaji wa sampuli za virolojia na serolojia.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Hii ni kulingana na uwekaji msimbo uliofafanuliwa katika Jedwali la 4.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Visa halisi vitawasilishwa kwenye dashibodi yetu kama “visa” vya COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Visa vinavyowezekana vitawasilishwa kama "Vinavyochunguzwa" (kuchunguza).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
"Sio kisa" vitawasilishwa kuwa "Havijajumuishwa".
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Data ya mtandaoni imepatikana ndani ya wiki chache za awali katika Uangalizi wa COVID-19 (Picha ya 5), ikionyesha idadi ya jumla ya wagonjwa na kiwango kwa wagonjwa 10,000 wenye visa vilivyothibitishwa au vinavyofanyiwa uchunguzi, pamoja na pale virusi havijajumuishwa.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Tuna chaguo la kuhamisha hii hadi ripoti mara mbili za kila wiki la ufuatiliaji kwa lengo la kubadilisha hii kuwa ripoti ya kila siku.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Tutaendelea kuchukua sampuli ya vairolojia kutoka katika matendo yetu ya uangalizi, kuliko kukomesha kuendelea homa ya mafua ya kimsimu ikipungua.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Vilevile, tutaweka matendo zaidi ya uchunguzi.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Matendo ya vairolojia ya RCGP RSC yatalenga kuendesha shughuli ya kuchukua sampuli 200-300 za puani kila wiki katika mtandao mzima wa timu ya angalizi ya RCGP RSC, kukusanya sampuli katika fungo za umri wote.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Pamoja na kujumuishwa kwa utaratibu kwa ujumuishaji wa uchunguzi wa vairolojia ya homa ya mafua (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), huduma zinazoshiriki zitachukua sampuli za puani kutoka kwa watu wowote wanaoonyesha dalili mbaya za LRTI ikiwa mwanzo wa dalili ni ndani ya siku 7.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Maafisa wa utafiti wa RCGP RSC na wafanyakazi washirikishi wa huduma watadhibiti huduma ili kufikia kuchukua jumla ya sampuli 200-300 kila wiki kitaifa.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Hii inaweza kuongezwa ikiwa waundaji wa PHE watahitaji sampuli zaidi.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Sampuli kutoka kila huduma zitasambazwa kwenye vikundi vifuatavyo vya umri: < miaka 5, miaka 5-17, miaka 18-64 na miaka 65 au zaidi
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Sampuli (swabu au serami) zilizokusanywa zitatumwa kupitia bahasha zinazolipiwa awali zinazotumwa katika mahabara yafaayo ya PHE ili kufanyiwa uchanganuzi.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Sampuli zote zilizokusanywa zitapimwa kwa uwepo wa homa ya mafua na COVID-19.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Isitoshe, PHE itafanya vipimo vya sampuli zozote zilizokusanywa awali za vairolojia ya homa ya mafua zilizokusanya kati ya mapema na katikati ya mwezi Februari 2020 kwa COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Wahudumu bado watafuta utaratibu wa PHE wa COVID-19 kuhusiana na watu walio hatarini kupata maambukizi wanaopaswa kuelekezwa katika njia ya udhibiti, badala ya kuhudhuria huduma yao moja kwa moja.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Kupimwa moja kwa moja kwa wale wanaoendea huduma ya upasuaji kumeruhusiwa lakini pia tumeanzisha vipimo vya sampuli nyumbani.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Muhtasari wa michakato umeelewa kwenye kiambatisho cha 3 cha Midianuwai.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Kila mtu aliye na ILI au ugonjwa wa pumu anayewasiliana na GP(kwa mfano anapiga simu kuweka miadi) anapaswa kuulizwa hasa kuhusu safari ya hivi majuzi nchini China na nchi nyingine iliyowekwa tahadahri katika PHE ya sasa, au ikiwa wamegusana na watu walio na COVID-19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Katika watu waliochunguzwa watapatikana na ugonjwa, watashauriwa kutokuja kwenye huduma badala yake wafuate laha ya PHE.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Hii inaweza kufanywa na mpokezi au mfanyakazi wa kimatibabu, kwa kutegemea utaratibu wa huduma binafsi.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Simu hizi zinaweza kusimbwa kwenye mfumo wa GP CMR na zinaweza kuripotiwa kama sehemu ya rejesho la kila wiki la RCGP RSC.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Tumeunda nyenzo za mafunzo ili kusaidia usimbaji huu (Kiambatisho cha 4 cha Midianuwai).
These include prompt cards for:
Hizi ni pamoja na kadi ndogo za:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Wafanyakazi wapokezi katika huduma: kwa ajili ya usimbaji wa wagonjwa wowote wanaokuja kwenye huduma na dalili za maambukizi mabaya ya pumu walio na historia ya kusafiri katika maeneo muhimu kulingana na ushauri wa PHE
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Wafanyakazi wasimamizi au matibabu wanaosimba: ili kuhimiza kusimbwa kwa matokeo kwa kisa chochote kinachoshukiwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kusimba matokeo hasi ya kutojumuisha
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Huduma zinazoshiriki katika uchunguzi wa kivairolojia zitakusanya sampuli za damu kutoka kwa wagonjwa wanaokuja katika huduma kwa ajili ya vipimo vya kawaida vya damu.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Wagonjwa wanaohudhuria huduma zao kwa vipimo vya kawaida vya damu wataulizwa kutoa sampuli ya ziadi kwa ajili ya serolojia.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Tumefanya utafutaji wa awali ndani ya hifadhidata ya RCGP RSC ili kuangalia idadi ya matokeo ya idadi ya damu kamili (FBC) na viwango vya jumla kwa watu wazima na watoto (Picha ya 6--9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
Vipimo vya FBC ni mojawapo ya vipimo vya kawaida vinavyofanywa na tunatumai kwamba hii itatupa makadirio ya ishara ya jumla ya idadi ya vipimo vya damu vinavyofanywa.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Viwango vya sampuli, wagonjwa 100,000 vilikuwa juu zaidi kwa watoto wenye umri wa miaka 15-17 na miaka 60 au zaidi kwa watu wazima, kwa viwango vya chini zaidi kwa watoto wa umri wa miaka 0-4 na miaka 18-29 kwa watu wazima (Picha 6--99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Tutatoa sampuli 1000 msingi za serolojia kutoka kwa watu wa umri wote zinazoakisi viwango tofuati vya watu kuja kulingana na umri.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Vilevile, tunajaribu ikiwa tunaweza kupata haya yote kutoka kwenye huduma za kivairolojia ili kuboresha matokeo.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Maenezi mazuri kijiografia ni muhimu, ili PHE iweze kushauri kuhusu maeneo ambapo serolojia itakusanywa kwa umuhimu zaidi.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Hii itafuatwa na sampuli 800 kila mwezi.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Sampuli hiyo itapangwa kwa chembe 200 kwa uchunguzi wa kabla ya janga (100 kwa kila mwezi) katika vikundi vifuatavyo vya umri: < miaka 5, miaka 5-17, miaka 18-64 na miaka 65 au zaidi.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Wangonjwa wa umri mdogo, katika huduma nyingi walio chini ya miaka 14 na takriban watoto wote walio chini ya miaka 8 watahitaji uchunguzi wa serolojia wa matibabu ta watoto.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Tutaunda fomu mpya ya maombi ili huduma ziweze kunasa usafiri wa hivi majuzi na kuwepo hatarini kupata COVID-19.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Tutafanya jaribio la mpango wa kukusanya serolojia ya watu wanaopona kutokana na via vilivyothibitishwa na ambao wamechukuliwa sampuli ya viarolojia wakati wa kuambukizwa kwao.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Hii itasaidia kutambua hali za ubebaji kwa wagonjwa ambao wamepona kutokana na virusi lakini huenda bado wanatoa virusi.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Ikiwa kuna idadi ndogo ya visa, hii inaweza kusaidia katika kuunda kifurushi cha kupima kwa wagonjwa kupeleka katika GP zao binafsi na kuchunguza kukubalika kwake kwa wagonjwa.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Iwapo kuna idadi kubwa sana ya visa vya COVID-19 kitaifa, sampuli za watu waliopona zinaweza kukusanywa kutoka katika huduma za RCGP RSC ambapo kuna visa vilivyothibitishwa, kukiwa na uwezo wa kuunganisha rekodi nzima ya kimatibabu.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Mchakato huu unaweza kujumuisha kuangalia nambari za NHS zisizotambulishwa kwa watu walio na ugonjwa katika huduma za RCGP RSC, kuangalia mwongozo wa sasa wa PHE kuhusiana na kuzingatiwa kwa uwezo wa kuambukizana wa visa vithibitishwa na kumwekea mgonjwa miadi kufuatia mchakato uliotajwa awali.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Hii inahitaji kuratibiwa kwa makini kitaifa katika mitandao mbalimbali na inaweza kuhitaji PHE kuhakikisha kwamba watu hawajapokea mawasiliano kutoka kwa mashirika mengi.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC inaweza kutoka muundo muhimu wa kutuma mwasiliani wa awali pindi tu PHE ikishatuma ombi.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Huduma za RCGP RSC zinazoshiriki katika uchunguzi wa kila mwaka wa vairolojia ya homa ya mafua zimeanza kuchukua sampuli kutoka kwa wagonjwa wanaoonyesha dalili za LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Sampuli zote zilizopokewa zinapimwa kwa ajili ya homa ya mafua na COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC itachunguza njia za kukusanya sampuli kutoka kwa mtu anayepona kutoka kwa wagonjwa wowote waliopatikana na COVID-19 kupitia kuendelezwa kwa ufuatiliaji wa kivairolojia.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Kuanzia mwanzo, tutakuwa makini kupanga na kujumuisha data ili kuhakikisha kwamba inaweza kutumika katika tafiti za siku zijazo.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Data yetu ya kimatibabu itaunganishwa na vairolojia.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Tutapanga na jumuisha data yetu kwa kutumia misingi ya Kupatikana, Kufikiwa, Kuhamishwa na Kutumika tena.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Ili kuwezesha hili, seti ya data yetu imeorodheshwa na Health Data Research UK na European Health Data Evidence Network.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Mbinu ya kitakwimu inaunga mkono mwelekeo wa kisera kuhusu mkurupuko wa ugonjwa katika maeneo mengi, ambapo mikakati inayofahamika kuwa isiyokuwa ya kifamasia (NPI) inatumika ili kushughulikia janga kubwa la dharura kwa lengo la kudidimiza ugonjwa.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Sera hii inalenga kupunguza viwango vya mgusano miongoni mwa watu na hivyo kupunguza usambazaji wa virusi.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Ili kutekeleza haya, serikali ya Uingereza hivi majuzi imeeleza nia ya kutekeleza hatua za kuwatenga watu kibinfasi.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Kwa kulenga idadi ya uzalishaji (R) (idadi ya wastani ya visa vya pili vinavyotokana na kila kesi) na kulenga kupunguza R hadi chini ya 1, sera hii inalenga kupunguza idadi ya visa hadi viwango vya chini au (ilivyokuwa katika mikurupuko ya awali ya SARS na Ebola) ili kuondoa usambazaji kutoka kwa binadamu hadi kwa binadamu.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Ilivyokuwa katika janga kubwa la H1N1 la 2009, NPI inaweza kuwa sehemu muhiu ya kukabiliana na janga kubwa.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Kipengee muhimu katika utafiti wetu kitakuwa ni kukadiria visa vya upeo miongoni mwa watu na kuendelea kufuatilia ukusanyaji wa data na kuunda uwezekano wa kukua na kuibuka kwa upeo wa baadaye katika visa vipya huku hatua za kujiweka mbali ya jamii ikilegezwa kamba.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Tayari kuna chapisho la hatua muhimu za kiepidemiolojia ya ugonjwa kuhusiana na janga la COVID-19 katika China bara.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Kipimo kingine cha kimsingi katika masuala ya janga kubwa ni kiwango cha muda kuanzia wakati wa kuambukizwa hadi wakati mtu anaweza kuwaambukiza wengine na kipindi cha wastani cha uwezo wa kuambukizana.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Vigezo hivi, vikikadiriwa kwa usahihi, vitatoa utabiri sahihi wa muda unaowezekana wa janga hili kubwa, idadi ya mwisho ya visa vya maambukizi.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Tunanuia kutumia miundo isiyofuata utaratibu maalum ya uchanganuzi ya Bayesian inference (ABC) hadi (uwezekano wa mfanano kidogo) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR).
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Mbinu kama hizi zina uwezekano wa juu wa kuwekwa sambamba na zimetumika kwa ufanisi katika nyanja nyingi ikiwa ni pamoja na uwekaji muundo wa usambazaji wa ugonjwa.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Zinatumika hasa katika hali ambapo vipengele vya uwezekano havipo na ambapo mielekeo ya kijadi zaidi kama vile Markov chain Monte Carlo haiwezi kutekelezwa.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Mwelekeo kama huo umeonyeshwa kufanya kazi vyema katika uchunguzi wa data ya ASPREN, mtandao wa waangalizi wa GP na wahudumu wa uguzi wanaoripoti maelezo ambayo hayajatambuliwa kuhusu ILI na hali nyingine, ambapo masuala kama vile kukosekana kwa data na hitaji la kuunda mchakato mwenyewe wa uangalizi limefanikiwa kushughulikiwa.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Isitoshe, upeo katika visa vipya umekadiriwa kupitia mbinu za kiusambazaji.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Makadirio ya vipashio vya muundo wa SEIR yanaweza kufuatiliwa katika seti kubwa ya data kwa sababu uwezekano wa kuwekwa sambamba na mbinu hizi zimetekelezwa katika maktaba kadhaa ya R; tunanuia kutumia maktaba ya ABSEIR (iliyo kwenye GitHub:https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) na abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) ili kukadiria hatua za janga kwa msingi wa kila wiki.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Kwa vile tunaweka muundo wa janga wa SIR katika utarbitbu wa ABC, tunatarajia kwamba matokeo yetu yatakuwa makubwa yakilinganishwa na data ya kila wiki iliyo na idadi ndogo.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Kwa mfano, tazama mbinu ya ABC iliyotumika katika Tristan da Cunha data ya homa ya kawaida mwaka wa 1967, ambapo hesabu ya I (idadi ya visa vya maambukizi) na R (idadi ya watu waliopona) ilikuwa kumi na kitu kwa wingi.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Hatimaye, pamoja na mbinu iliyo hapa juu, tutatumia mbinu ya Kaplan-Meier yenye matokeo mawili (vifo na uponaji) ili kukadiria viwango vya visa kusababisha vifo.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Mwelekeo huu hautegemei mbinu ya ABC na utaruhusu ulinganisho baina ya makadirio kutoka katika mielekeo hii mwili ya muundo ili kuamua upana wa matokeo.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Uchunguzi wa RCGP RSC na PHE unafafanuliwa kuwa Ulinzi wa Afya chini ya Kanuni ya 3 ya Kanuni za Huduma ya Afya (Udhibiti wa Maelezo ya Mgonjwa) za 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Hili limethibitishwa na Ofisi ya PHE ya Caldicott Guardian.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Hatuoni ongezeko la hatari kwa huduma au wahudumu wanaoshiriki katika uchunguzi huu.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Ushauri wa uzuiaji na udhibiti wa maambukizi utafuata mwongozo uliopo wa kitaifa.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Visa vyovyote vitakavyotambuliwa vitadhibitiwa kulingana na mwongozo wa PHE/NHS unaotekelezwa kwa wakati huo ikiwa ni pamoja na ushauri kwa watu waliogusana waliotambuliwa.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Hata hivyo, mafunzo yetu yatajumuisha vikumbusho kuhusu kushughulikia sampuli kwa njia salama na kudurusiwa kwa udhibiti wa maambukizi yanaytrajiwa kuwa ya juu katika huduma zetu.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
Ni sehemu muhimu ya Kanuni ya 12 kuhusu tiba salama na matibabu, ikikaguliwa muda baada ya muda na Tume ya Ubora wa Tiba.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Historia ya Usafiri na Maelezo ya Kimatibabu ya maambukizi ya COVID-19
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
Huduma za RCGP RSC zimeshauriwa kuhusu usimbaji wa kimatibabu ambao unapatikana kwa ajili ya COVID-19 katika mifumo yote ya CMR.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Hii ni pamoja na maelezo kuhusu usimbaji wa maelezo ya kimatibabu (Jedwali la 4) na historia yoyote ya usafiri hivi majuzi.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Kuunda Sampuli Iliyoendelezwa ya Vairolojia
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
Huduma za RCGP RSC zinazoshiriki katika uchunguzi wa kila mwaka wa vairolojia ya homa ya mafua zimeanza kuchukua sampuli za wagonjwa wanaoonyesha dalili za LRTI.
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Hii imesababisha utambuzi wa mapema wa usuli miongoni wa wagonjwa wa hatari ya chini.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
Kufikia tarehe 7 Machi 2020, mfumo wa uchunguzi umegundua visa 2 vya COVID-19 miongoni mwa wagonjwa wa hatari cha chini ambao hawana historia ya usafiri kupitia sampuli zilizoendelezwa za viarolojia.
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
Utaratibu huu unafafanua jinsi ambavyo tumechukulia mfumo wa uchugnuzi wa homa ya mafua ili kufuatilia maenezi ya jumuiya ya maambukizi yasiyotarajiwa ya COVID-19.
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
Tumeunda na kujumuisha misimbo mipya kwa haraka ili kuruhusu kurekodiwa kwa data na tunakusanya data ili kufuatilia ufanisi wa mikakati ya udhibiti.
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
Kupitia uchunguzi huu, tunanuia kufahamu zaidi kuhusu epidemiolojia ya COVID-19 katika tiba ya watu kurejea nyumbani.
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
Hasa, kiwango cha kuenea kwake, kiwakati pamoja na kijiografia.
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
Kupima kwetu wagonjwa walio katika hatari ya chini kutaonyesha iwapo mkakati wa udhibiti uliowekwa kwa msingi wa upimaji wa kivairolojia wa wagonjwa walio katika hatari kubwa na watu waliogusana naye na kujitenga.
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
Udhibiti unapaswa kupunguza kuenea kwa ugonjwa na kunaweza kuwepo manufaa katika kudhibiti maenezi kutokana na uchunguzi wa kina.
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
Hata hivyo, kunaweza kutokea hali ambapo virusi vinasambaa kwingi kwa watu kama ilivyofanyika nchini Italia.
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
Ufuatiliaji wa wagonjwa walio katika hali ya chini ya hatari unapaswa kuwa kigezo cha wakati tumefikia upeo huu na wakati viwango vya maambukizi vimeanza kupungua.
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
Epidemiolojia ya COVID-19 inasalia kama inayoibuka.
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
Asili ya kutegemea usajili ya tiba ya msingi ya Uingereza inamaanisha kwamba tutaweza kuunda taswira kamili ya matukio ya jumla ya vipindi vyake.
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
Mfumo wa uchunguzi unapaswa kuweza kutambua maeneo ambao maenezi ya COVID-19 yanafanyika yanayoweza kufaa kufanyia majaribio ya tiba dhidi ya virusi.
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
Pia tutaweza kufuatilia ufaafu au matokeo mabaya ya dawa au chanjo hizi.
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
Hatimaye, ugunduzi wa kisa kilichothibitishwa cha COVID-19 umeonyesha utekelezaji wa haraka wa uchunguzi huu ulioboreshwa katika mtandao wa kitaifa.
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
Usalama wa huduma ni jambo la kimsingi kwetu.
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC imeendesha shughuli zake kwa miaka 50 na imehusika katika ukusanyaji wa sampuli ili kufuatilia ugonjwa na ufanisi wa chanjo kuanzia janga la homa la Hong Kong 1968/69, homa ya Urusi ya 1977/78 na homa ya nguruwe ya 2009.
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
Hatufahamu kuhusu ongezeko lolote la hatari kwa wafanyakazi wanaohudumu au wagonjwa wengine kutokana na kujihusisha kwenye uchunguzi.
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
Kuwa tayari kushughulikia janga ni sehemu ya jukumu la RCGP RSC.
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
Kuna mantiki kwamba usimbaji wa kina wa maelezo kutoka wa watu waliogusana na huduma ya RCGP RSC utapunguza uwezekano wa watu wanaoweza kushukiwa kuwa na visa vya COVID-19 kuletwa kwa upasuaji bila kunuia.
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
Mahali visa vimegunduliwa bila kutarajia, pengine ni muhimu kwa mgonjwa huyo, watu aliwagusa na huduma kufahamu.
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
Kisa kikipatikana, athari kwa huduma imekuwa kufungwa kwa siku nzima kwa ajili ya usafi wa kina kisha kufungua tena.
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
Vizuizi vikuu vya mfumo wetu ni idadi ya alama za data.
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
Tunakusanya data ya serolojia na vairolojia kutoka maeneo 100, inayoshughulikia kikundi kidogo cha watu.
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
Hii imekuwa toshelevu katika kufuatilia homa ya mafua, lakini hatuna uhakika ikiwa hii ni sampuli kubwa ya kutosha kwa mkurupuko wa COVID-19.
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
Maeneo yetu (huduma za uchunguzi) kwa sasa yameshughulikiwa na inaweza kuwa muhimu kuweza kuajiri kwa haraka huduma katika maeneo ambapo kuna visa zaidi.
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
Kwa sasa, tutakuwa tunaripoti kila wiki.
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
Mfumo wetu uliopo unaweza kuboresha hadi mara mbili kwa wili, lakini pengine data ya kila siku au kila saa inapaswa kuwa mwelekeo wetu wa sasa.
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
Kuchukua sampuli kifursa kwa ajili ya serolojia kwa watoto walio na umri wa chini ya miaka 10 kunaeza kuwa na vizuizi kutokana na kupungua kwa viwango vya jumla vya vipimo vya damu kwa watoto.
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
Uchunguzi ulioendelezwa kwa kutumia mtandao wa RCGP RSC-PHE kwa ajili ya mkurupuko ibuka wa COVID-19 umewekwa kwa haraka.