atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Phase III trials typically involve more participants, including a control group, and test effectiveness of the vaccine to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose.
Kwa kawaida majaribio ya awamu ya III yanahusisha washiriki zaidi, ikiwemo kikundi cha kudhbiti, na kupima ufanisi wa chanjo ya kuzuia ugonjwa huo, wakati ikifuatilia athari mbaya kwa kipimo bora kabisa.
Of 79 vaccine candidates in active development (confirmed as of early April 2020), 74 were not yet in human evaluation (still in "preclinical" research).
Kati ya chanjo 79 zilizoteuliwa zinazofanyiwa maendeleo (zilizothibitishwa mwanzo wa mwezi wa Aprili), chanjo 79 hazikuwa zimetathmniwa kwa mwanadamu (bado katika utafiti "kabla ya upimaji wa kliniki").
Around 24 January 2020 in Australia, the University of Queensland announced that it is investigating the potential of a molecular clamp vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins in order to stimulate an immune reaction.
Mnamo 24 Januari 2020 nchini Australia, Chuo Kikuu cha Queensland kilitangaza kwamba kinafanya uchunguzi wa uwezekano wa chanjo ya kunata molekuli inayoweza kubadilisha kijenetiki protini za virusi ili kuchochea kinga ya mwili.
Around 24 January 2020 in Canada, the International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) at the University of Saskatchewan announced the commencement of work on a vaccine, aiming to start human testing in 2021.
Tarehe 24 Januari 2020 nchini Kanada, Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Chanjo (VIDO-InterVac) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Saskatchewan kilitanganza kuanza kushughulikia chanjo, kikilenga kuanza upimaji kwa mwadamu mnamo 2021.
Vaccine development projects were announced at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 26 January 2020, and the University of Hong Kong on 28 January.
Miradi ya maendeleo ya chanjo ilitangazwa katika Kituo cha Uchina cha Kudhibiti na Kuzuia Ugonjwa tarehe 26 Januari 2929, na Chuo Kikuu cha Hong Kong tarehe 28 Januari.
Around 29 January 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, led by Hanneke Schuitemaker, announced that it had begun work on developing a vaccine.
Tarehe 29, Januari 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, wakiongozwa na Hanneke Schuitemaker, walitangaza kuwa walianza kushughulikia kutengeneza chanjo.
Janssen is co-developing an oral vaccine with its biotechnology partner, Vaxart.
Janssen inakuza chanjo kwa kushirikiana na washirika wake wa bioteknolojia, Vaxart.
On 18 March 2020, Emergent BioSolutions announced a manufacturing partnership with Vaxart to develop the vaccine.
Tarehe 18 Machi 2020, Emergent BioSolutions ilitangaza ushirikiano wa utengenezaji na Vaxart ili kukuza chanjo hiyo.
On 8 February 2020, the laboratory OncoGen in Romania published a paper on the design of a vaccine with similar technology to the one used for cancer neoantigen vaccination therapy.
Tarehe 8 Februari 2020, maabara ya OncoGen kuko Romania ilichapisha karatasi ya muundo wa chanjo na teknolojia sawa na ile iliyotumika kwa tiba ya chanjo cha neoantigen.
On 25 March the head of the research institute announced that they had finalized the synthesis of the vaccine and were beginning the tests.
Tarehe 25 Machi, mkuu wa taasisi ya utafiti alitangaza kuwa wamekamilisha mchanyanyiko wa chanjo na walikuwa wanaanza vipimo.
On 27 February 2020, a Generex subsidiary company, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, announced they were beginning a vaccine project to create an Ii-Key peptide vaccine against COVID-19.
Tarehe 27 Februari 2020, kampuni tanzu ya Generex, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, ilitangaza kuwa walikuwa wanaanza mradi wa chanjo wa kuunda chanjo ya Ii-Key peptide ya kuzuia COVID-19.
They wanted to produce a vaccine candidate that could be tested in humans "within 90 days."
Walitaka kutoa chanjo itakayoteuliwa ambayo ingeweza kupimwa kwa wanadamu "katika kipindi cha siku 90."
On 5 March 2020, Washington University in St. Louis announced its projects to develop a vaccine.
Tarehe 5 Machi 2020, Chuo Kikuu cha St. Louis huko Washington kilitangaza miradi yake ya kukuza chanjo.
On 5 March 2020, the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, both in western Maryland, announced they were working on a vaccine.
Tarehe 5 Machi 2020, Jeshi la Marekani la Utafiti wa Matibabu na Jeshi la Materiel huko Fort Detrick na Taasisi ya Utafiti ya Jeshi la Walter Reed huko in Silver Spring, yote magharibi mwa Maryland, walitangaza kuwa wanashughulikia chanjo.
Around 10 March 2020, Emergent Biosolutions announced that it had teamed with Novavax Inc.
Tarehe 10 Machi 2020, Emergent Biosolutions ilitangaza kuwa wameshirikiana na Novavax Inc.
in the development and manufacture of a vaccine.
kukuza na kutengeneza chanjo.
The partners further announced plans for preclinical testing and a Phase I clinical trial by July 2020.
Washirika hao walitangaza zaidi mipango ya vipimo vya kiliniki kwa wanyama na Awamu ya 1 ya kipimo cha kipimo kabla ya Julai 2020.
On 12 March 2020, India's Health Ministry announced they are working with 11 isolates, and that even on a fast track it would take at least around one-and-a-half to two years to develop a vaccine.
Tarehe 12 Machi 2020, Wizara ya Afya ya India ilitangaza kuwa wanafanya kazi na watu 11 waliojitenga, na kwamba hata wakifuatilia haraka itachukua angalau muda wa mwaka mmoja na nusu hadi miaka mbili kutengeneza chanjo.
On 12 March 2020, Medicago, a biotechnology company in Quebec City, Quebec, reported development of a coronavirus-like particle under partial funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
Tarehe 12 Machi 2020, Medicago, kampuni ya bioteknolojia katika Jiji la Quebec, iliripoti maendeleo ya chembe kama ya virusi vya korona chini ya ufadhili wa sehemi kutoka kwa Taasisi za Kanada za Utafiti wa Afya.
The vaccine candidate is in laboratory research, with human testing planned for July or August 2020.
Mtahiniwa wa chanjo ako katika utafiti wa maabara, na mpango wa kupima mwanadamu umepangwa mwezi wa Julai au Agosti 2020.
Earlier that week, The Guardian reported that the US President Donald Trump had offered CureVac "'large sums of money' for exclusive access to a Covid-19 vaccine", against which the German government protested.
Mapema wiki hiyo, The Guardian iliripoti kwamba Rais wa Marekani Donald Trumo alitoa CureVac, "kiwango kikubwa cha fedha kwa ajili ya ufikiaji wa kipekee wa chanjo ya Covid-19", ambayo serikali ya Ujerumani ilipinga.
On 17 March 2020, American pharmaceutical company Pfizer announced a partnership with German company BioNTech to jointly develop a mRNA-based vaccine.
Tarehe 17 Machi 2020, Kampuni ya Marekani ya Bidhaa za famasia Pfizer ilitangaza ushirikiano na kampuni ya Ujerumani ya BioNTech ili kwa pamoja kuunda chanjo inayotegemea mRNA.
mRNA-based vaccine candidate BNT162, currently in pre-clinical testing with clinical trials expected to begin in April 2020.
Chanjo iliyoteuliwa inayotegeme mRNA, BN162, kwa sasa inapimwa kwa wanyama na vipimo hivyo vya kliniki vinatarajiwa kuanza mwezi wa Aprili 2020.
In Italy on 17 March 2020, Takis Biotech, an Italian biotech company announced they will have pre-clinical testing results in April 2020 and their final vaccine candidate could begin human testing by fall.
Huko Italia tarehe 17 Machi 2020, Takis Biotech, kampuni ya bioteknolojia ya Italia ilitangaza kuwa watakuwa na matokeo vipimo kwa wanyama mwezi wa Aprili 2020 na chanjo ya mwisho iliyoteuliwa inaweza kuanza kufanyiwa vipimo wakati wa majira ya kupuputika kwa majani.
In France on 19 March 2020, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced a US$4.9 million investment in a COVID-19 vaccine research consortium involving the Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), and the University of Pittsburgh, bringing CEPI's total investment in COVID-19 vaccine development to US$29 million.
Huko Ufaransa tarehe 19 Machi 2020, Mseto wa Uvumbuzi wa Matayarisho ya Magonjwa ya Mlipuko (CEPI) ulitangaza uwekezaji wa dola milioni 4.9 katika ubia wa utafiti wa chanjo ya COVID-19 unaohusisha Taasisi ya Pasteur, Themis Biosciece (Vienna, Austria), na Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh, na kuleta uwekezaji wa jumla wa CEPI wa maendeleo ya chanjo ya COVID-19 kuwa dola milioni 29.
CEPI's other investment partners for COVID-19 vaccine development are Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, the University of Hong Kong, the University of Oxford, and the University of Queensland.
Washirika wengine wa uwekezaji wa CEPI kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya chanjo ya COVID-19 ni Modema, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, Chuo Kikuu cha Hong Kong, Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford, Chuo Kikuu cha Queensland.
On 20 March 2020, Russian health officials announced that scientists have begun animal testing of six different vaccine candidates.
Tarehe 20 Machi 2020, maafisa wa afya wa Urusi walitangaza kuwa wanasayansi wameanza upimaji wa wanyama kwa kutumia chanjo sita zilizoteuliwa.
Imperial College London researchers announced on 20 March 2020 that they are developing a self-amplifying RNA vaccine for COVID-19.
Watafiti wa chuo cha Imperial huko London walitangaza mnamo tarehe 20 Machi 2020 kuwa wanakuza chanjo cha RNA yenye nguvu zaidi kwa ajili ya COVID-19.
The vaccine candidate was developed within 14 days of receiving the sequence from China.
Chanjo iliyoteuliwa iliandaliwa ndani ya siku 14 za kupokea utaratibu kutoka nchi ya Uchina.
In late March, the Canadian government announced C$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian companies and universities, such as the Medicago and University of Saskatchewan initiatives.
Mwisho wa mwezi wa Machi, serikali ya Kanada ilitangaza dola milioni 275 ya kufadhili miradi 96 ya utafiti wa upimaji wa matibabu dhidi ya COVID-19, ikiwemo chanjo kadhaa zilizoteuliwa katika kampuni na vyuo vikuu vya Kanada, kama vile mipango ya Medicago na Chuo Kikuu cha Saskatchewan.
Around the same time, the Canadian government announced C$192 million specifically for developing a COVID-19 vaccine, with plans to establish a national "vaccine bank" of several new vaccines that could be used if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Wakati huohuo, serikali ya Kanada ilitangaza dola milioni 192 ya kukuza chanjo ya COVID-19 pekee, ikiwa na mipango ya kuanzisha "benki ya chanjo" ya kitaifa ya chanjo mpya kadhaa ambayo inaweza kutumika ikiwa mlipuko mwingine wa virusi vya korona itatokea.
On 2 April 2020, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine reported on testing of PittCoVacc, a possible COVID-19 vaccine in mice, stating that "MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccines elicited potent antigen-specific antibody responses [in the mice] that were evident beginning 2 weeks after immunization."
Tarehe 2 Aprili 2020, watafiti wa Chuo Kikuu cha Pittsburgh cha Shule ya Tiba iliripoti kupima PittCoVacc, chanjo inayowezekana ya COVID-19 katika panya, ikisema kuwa "MNA ilitoa chanjo ndogo za SARS-CoV-2 S1 ilishawishi antijeni yenye nguvu-majibu maalum ya kingamwili [ndani ya panya] ambayo yalionekana wazo kuanzia wiki 2 baada ya chanjo."
In Canada on 16 April 2020, the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy announced design of a DNA-based vaccine candidate as a possible nasal spray.
Huko Kanada tarehe 16 Aprili 2020, Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo cha Shule ya Kusomea Dawa ilitangaza muundo wa chanjo iliyoteuliwa inayotegemea DNA kama dawa ya kinyunyizio cha pua inayowezekana.
Using bacteriophages, the DNA will be designed to replicate inside human bacteria to produce harmless virus-like particles, which may stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Kutumia bacteriophages, DNA itatengenezwa kutoka nakala ndani ya bakteria ya mwanadamu ili kutoa chembe kama virusi zisizodhuru, ambazo zinaweza kuchochea mfumo wa kinga kutoa kinga mwili dhidi ya virusi vya SARS-CoV-2.
In March 2020, the US government, industry, and three universities pooled resources to access supercomputers from IBM, combined with cloud computing resources from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google.
Mwezi wa Machi 2020, serikali, tasnia, na vyuo vikuu vitatu vya Marekani vilitoa rasilimali ya kufikia tarakilishikuu kutoka IBM, pamoja na rasilimali za kutoa huduma za kompyuta kutoka kwa Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, na Google.
Some vaccines have heterologous effects, also called non-specific effects.
Chanjo zingine zina athari tofauti, pia hujulikana kama athari zisizo maalum.
That means they can have benefits beyond the disease they prevent.
Hiyo inamaanisha kuwa zinaweza kuwa na manufaa zaidi ya ugonjwa ambao zinazuia.
A further randomized trial in Australia is seeking to enrol 4,170 healthcare workers.
Jaribio zaidi zisizokuwa na utaratibu maalum huko Australia inatafuta kuajiri wafanyakazi 4,170 wa huduma ya afya.
It is possible vaccines in development will not be safe or effective.
Inawezekana kuwa chanjo zinazokuzwa hazikuwa salama au hazitaleta matokeo yanayotarajiwa.
Early research to assess vaccine efficacy using COVID-19-specific animal models, such as ACE2-transgenic mice, other laboratory animals, and non-human primates, indicate a need for biosafety-level 3 containment measures for handling live viruses, and international coordination to ensure standardized safety procedures.
Utafiti wa mapema wa kutathmini ufanisi wa chanjo kwa kutumia mifamo maalum ya covid-19 ya wananyama, kama vile ACE2 yenye jeni kutoka kwa panya, wanyama wengine wa maabara, na chembe zingine zisizo za kibinadamu, unaonyesha hitaji za hatua za uzuizi wa kiwango cha 3 cha usalama wa chembe za kuambukiza, na uratibu wa kimataifa ili kuhakikisha taratibu sanifu za usalama.
Vaccines against SARS and MERS have been tested in non-human animal models.
Chanjo dhidi ya SARS na MARS zimepimwa katika mifano ya wanyama isiyo ya kibinadamu.
As of 2020, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that has been shown to be both safe and effective in humans.
Kufikia 2020, hakuna tiba au chanjo ya kulinda dhidi ya SARS ambazo zimeonyeshwa kuwa salama na kulera matokeo yanayotarajiwa kwa binadamu.
According to research papers published in 2005 and 2006, the identification and development of novel vaccines and medicines to treat SARS was a priority for governments and public health agencies around the world.There is also no proven vaccine against MERS.
Kulingana na makaratasi ya utafiti yaliyochapishwa mwaka 2005 na 2006, utambuzi na ukuaji wa chanjo na dawa mpya za kutibu SARS ulikuwa suala la kipaumbele kwa serikali na mashirika ya afya ya umma kote duniani. Pia hakuna chanjo iliyothibitishwa dhidi ya MERS.
When MERS became prevalent, it was believed that existing SARS research may provide a useful template for developing vaccines and therapeutics against a MERS-CoV infection.
Wakati MARS ilianza kuenea, iliaminika kuwa utafiti uliopo wa SARS unaweza kutoa kiolezo muhimu cha kukuza chanjo na matibabu dhidi ya maambukizo ya MERS-CoV.
As of March 2020, there was one (DNA based) MERS vaccine which completed phase I clinical trials in humans, and three others in progress, all of which are viral-vectored vaccines, two adenoviral-vectored (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac), and one MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
Hadi Machi2020, kulikuwa na chanjo moja ya MERS (inayotegemea DNA) iliyokamilisha majaribio ya awamu ya I ya kliniki kwa wanadamu, na zingine tatu zinaendelea, zote ambazo ni chanjo ya kuzuia virusi, virusi viwili ya DNA (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac), na MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
Social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus behind COVID-19 was known and that a vaccine was already available.
Machapisho ya mitandao ya kijamii imekuza nadharia ya kihasidi inayodai kuwa virusi vinavyosababisha COVID-19 vilijulikana na kwamba chanjo ilikuwa tayari inapatikana.
The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.
Haki miliki zilizotajwa na machapisho mbalimbali ya mitandao ya kijamii zinarejelea haki miliki zilizopo za mfululizo wa kijentiki na chanjo kwa aina nyingine ya virusi vya korona kama vile virusi vya korona vya SARS.
b'Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.
b'Virusi vya korona ni kikundi cha virusi vinayohusiana vinavyosababisha magonjwa miongoni mwa wanyama na ndege.
In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
Kwa binadamu, virusi vya korona husababisha maambikizo ya njia ya pumu yanayoweza kuwa ya wastani au mbaya zaidi.
Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold (which has other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
Magonjwa kali yanajumuisha visa kadhaa vya mafua ya kawaida (ambayo ina sababu zingine zinazowezekana, rhinoviruses) wakati aina mbaya zaidi zinaweza kusababisha SARS, MERS, na COVID-19.
Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea.
Dalili hutofautiana katika spishi zingine: kwa kuku, husababisha ugonjwa katika mfumo wa juu wa kupumua, ambapo kwa ng'ombe na nguruwe husababisha kuhara.
There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
Bado hakuna chanjp au dawa za kuzuia virusi au kutibu maambukizo ya virusi vya korona vya binadamau.
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.
Virusi vya korona vinaunda famlia ndogo ya Orthocoronavirinae, katika familia ya Coronaviridae, Nidovirales, na realm Riboviria.
They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
Ni virusi vilivyofunikwa na jenomu chanya ya utungo mmoja wa RNA na ulinganifu wa muundo wa nucleocapsid.
The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Ukubwa wa genome ya virusi vya korona unatofautiana kuanzia takriban kilobesi 26 hadi 32, mojawapo ya gemone kubwa zaidi miongoni mwa virusi vya RNA.
They have characteristic club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which in electron micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona from which their name derives.
Zina tabia ya ncha kali zenye umbo la rungu ambazo huchomoza kutoka kwa maeneo yake, ambazo katika picha za kitaalamu za elektroni huunda picha inayofanana na korona ya jua ambapo jina ilitoka.
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
Virusi vya korona viligunduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza miaka ya 1930 wakati maambukizo kali yanayohusiana na upumuaji katika kuku wa nyumbani ulionekana kusababishwa na virusi vya kuambukiza vya mkamba.
In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated.Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.
Katika miaka ya 1940, virusi viwili zaidi vya korona vya mnyama, vilitengwa, virusi vya homa ya manjano vya panya (MHV), na virusi vya kuambukiza vya uvimbe wa tumbo (TGEV). Virusi vya korona vya wanadamau viligunduliwa miaka ya 1960.
The earliest ones studied were from human patients with the common cold, which were later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43.
Virusi vya kwanza vilivyofanyiwa utafiti vilitoka kwa binadamu wagonjwa wenye mafua ya kawaida, ambayo baadaye iliitwa virusi vya korona 229E na virusi vya korona vya wanadamu OC43.
They were first imaged by Scottish virologist June Almeida at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
Walipigwa picha ya kwanza na mtaalamu wa virusi wa Uskoti June Almeida katika Hospitali ya St,Thomas huko London.
Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019.
Baadaye virusi vingine vya korona vimegunduliwa, ikijumuisha SARS-CoV mwaka wa 2003, HCoV NL63 mwaka wa 2004, HKU1 mwaka wa 2005, MERS-CoV mwaka wa 2012, na SARS-CoV-2 mwaka wa 2019.
Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections.
Virusi vingi vimehusisha maambukizo kali ya ya mfumo wa kupumua.
The name was first used in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new family of viruses.
Jina hili lilitumika mara ya kwanza mnamo 1968 na kikundi kisicho rasmi cha wanavairolojia katika makala ya Asili ili kuashiria familia mpya ya virusi.
The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown or of a solar corona.
Jina linamaanisha sifa ya kuonekana ya chembe cha virusi (umbo ya kuambukiza ya virusi) na darubini ya elektroni, ambavyo vina taswira ya maeneo kubwa, ya mviringo inayounda picha ya ukumbusho wa taji au korona ya jua.
This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.
Mofolojia hii imeundwa na miiba ya glikoprotini kwenye virusi, ambayo ni protini kwenye uso wa virusi.
Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.
Virusi vya korona ni chembe kubwa za mviringo mmoja vyenye taswira ya uso yenye umbo wa balbu.
The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electron dense shells.The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.
Mfuniko wa virusi hizi katika picha ya kitaalamu ya elektroni huonekana kama jozi ya kipekee ya sheli nzito za elektroni. Mfuniko wa virusi una tabaka ya lipidi ambapo protini za muundo za utando (M), mfuniko (E) na ncha kali (S) zimeshikilia.
The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
Mfuniko wa tabaka mbili za lipidi, protini za utandao, na nucleocapsid hulinda virusi wakati viko nje ya seli mama.
Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.
Virusi vya korona vina genomu chanya ya nyuzi moja ya RNA
The genome size for coronaviruses ranges from 26.4 to 31.7 kilobases.
Ukubwa wa jenomu wa virusi vya korona ni kati ya kilobesi 26.4 hadi 31.7.
The genome size is one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Ukubwa wa jenomu ni mojawapo kubwa kati ya virusi vya RNA.
The open reading frames 1a and 1b, which occupy the first two-thirds of the genome, encode the replicase/transcriptase polyprotein.
Fremu wazi za kusoma za 1a na 1b, ambazo zinachukua theluthi mbili za kwanza za genomu, husimbua protini nyingi za relicase/transcriptase.
The replicase/transcriptase polyprotein self cleaves to form nonstructural proteins.The later reading frames encode the four major structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid.
Protini nyingi za replicase/transcriptase hujikwamilia ili kuunda protini zisizo na muundo. Fremu za baadaye za kusoma husimbua protini nne kuu za muundo: ncha kali, mfuniko, utandao, na nucleocapsid.
Interspersed between these reading frames are the reading frames for the accessory proteins.
Zilizochanganywa kati ya fremu hizi za kusona na fremu za kusoma za protini za ziada.
The number of accessory proteins and their function is unique depending on the specific coronavirus.
Idadi ya protini ya ziada na kazi yao ni ya kipekee kulingana na virusi maalum vya korona.
Infection begins when the viral spike (S) glycoprotein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor.
Maambukizi huanza wakati glaikoprotini (S) ya ncha kali ya virusi inapojiambatishwa kwa vipokezi vya ziada vya seli mama.
After attachment, a protease of the host cell cleaves and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.
Baada ya kuambatisha, protisi ya seli mama hukwamilia na kuamilisha kipokezi kilichoambatishwa kwenye protini ya ncha kazi.
Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and activation allows the virus to enter the host cell by endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its genome enters the cell cytoplasm.
Kulingana na protisi ianyopatikana ya seli mama, ukwamiliaji na uamilishaji huruhusu virusi kuingia kwenye seli mama kwa njia ya endocytosis au mchanganyiko wa moja kwa moja wa mfuniko wa virusi na utando mama. Baada ya kuingia kwenye seli mama, chembe cha virusi hufunguliwa, na genomu huingia sitoplazimu ya seli.
The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping open reading frame of the virus genome and forms a long polyprotein.
Ribosomu mama hutafsiri fremu wazi ya kwanza inayopindana ya kusoma ya genomu ya vitusi na kuunda protini nyingi.
The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.
Protini nyingi zina protisi zake zenyewe ambazo hukwamilikia protini nyingi na kuwa protini mbalimbali zisizo kuwa na muundo.
A number of the nonstructural proteins coalesce to form a multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC).
Idadi ya protini zisizokuwa na muundo hushirikiana ili kuunda multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC).
The main replicase-transcriptase protein is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
Protini kuu ya replicase-transcriptase ndio RNA polymerase inayotegemea RNA (RdRp).
It is directly involved in the replication and transcription of RNA from an RNA strand.
Inahusika moja kwa moja katika urudufishaji na ufasili wa RNA kutoka kwa nyuzi ya RNA.
The other nonstructural proteins in the complex assist in the replication and transcription process.
Protini nyingine zisizo na muundo katika uchangamano husaidia katika mchakato wa kurudufisha na ufasili.
The exoribonuclease nonstructural protein, for instance, provides extra fidelity to replication by providing a proofreading function which the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lacks.One of the main functions of the complex is to replicate the viral genome.
Protini isiyokuwa na muundo ya exoribonclease, kwa mfano, hutoa uaminifu wa ziada wa urudufishaji kwa kutoa utendaji wa kupitia ambao polyemerase RNA inyotegemea RNA inakosa. Mojawapo ya kazi kuu za uchangamano huu ni kurudufu genomu ya virusi.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense genomic RNA from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
RdRp hupatanisha moja kwa moja usanisi wa RNA genomiki ya hisia hasi kutoka kwa RNA genomikia ya hisia chanya.
This is followed by the replication of positive-sense genomic RNA from the negative-sense genomic RNA.
Hii inafuatwa na urududishaji wa RNA genomiki ya hisia chanya kutoka kwa RNA genomiki ya hisia hasi.
The other important function of the complex is to transcribe the viral genome.
Kazi nyingine muhimu ya uchangamano ni kufasilia genomu ya virusi.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
RdRp hupatanisha moja kwa moja usanidi wa molekuli za RNA za genomiki ndogo za hisia hasi kutoka kwa RNA genomiki za hisia chanya.
This is followed by the transcription of these negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules to their corresponding positive-sense mRNAs.
Hii inafuatiliwa na ufasili wa molekuli hizi za RNA za genomiki ndogo za hisia hasi kwa MRNAs zao zinazolingana za hisia chanya.
The replicated positive-sense genomic RNA becomes the genome of the progeny viruses.
RNA genomiki inayorudufiwa ya hisia chanya inakuwa genomiki ya virusi vya kizazi.
The mRNAs are gene transcripts of the last third of the virus genome after the initial overlapping reading frame.
mRNA ni hati za jini za theluthi ya mwisho wa genomu ya virusi baada ya kupindana kwa kwanza kwa fremu ya kusoma.
These mRNAs are translated by the host's ribosomes into the structural proteins and a number of accessory proteins.
Chembe hizi za mRNS zinabadilishwa na ribosome za mwenye virusi kuwa protini za kimuundo na idadi fulani ya protini za ufikiaji.
RNA translation occurs inside the endoplasmic reticulum.
RNA hubadilishwa ndani ya utumbo wa endoplasmiki.
The viral structural proteins S, E, and M move along the secretory pathway into the Golgi intermediate compartment.
Protini za muundo wa virusi, S, E, na M husonga pamoja katika njia ya uzalishaji kwenye sehemu ya kati ya Golgi.
There, the M proteins direct most protein-protein interactions required for assembly of viruses following its binding to the nucleocapsid.
Hapo, prorini ya M huelekeza miingiliano baina ya protini na protini inayohitajika inayohitajika kwa mkusanyiko wa virusi kufuatia kunatwa kwake kwenye nucleocapsidi.
Progeny viruses are then released from the host cell by exocytosis through secretory vesicles.
Virusi vya uzao kisha huachiliwa kutoka kwa seli mama na eksotisosi kupitia vilengelenge vya uzalishaji.
The interaction of the coronavirus spike protein with its complement host cell receptor is central in determining the tissue tropism, infectivity, and species range of the virus.
Mwingiliano wa protini ya ncha ya kali ya virusi vya korona na kipokezi chake cha ziada cha seli mama ni muhimu katika kubainisha ubadilishaji wa tishu, hali ya kuambukizwa, na masafa ya spishi ya virusi.
The SARS coronavirus, for example, infects human cells by attaching to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
Virusi vya korona vya SARS, kwa mfano, huambukiza seli za binadamu kwa kuambatisha kipokezi cha (ACE2) cha kimeng'enya 2 cha kubadilisha angiotensin.
The scientific name for coronavirus is Orthocoronavirinae or Coronavirinae.
Jina la kisayansi la virusi vya korona ni Orthocoronavirinae au Coronavirinae.
Coronaviruses belong to the family of Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.
Virusi vya korona kibayolojia vinatokana na familia ya Coronaviridae, mpangilio wa Nidovirales na ulingo wa Riboviria.
Genus Betacoronavirus; type species: Murine coronavirus
Genus Betacoronavirus; aina ya spishi: Murine coronavirus
Species: Betacoronavirus 1 (Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Hedgehog coronavirus 1 (EriCoV)
Aina zake: Betacoronavirus 1 (Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9, Ugonjwa mbaya wa matatizo ya kupumua yanayohusiana na virusi vya korona (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, Ugonjwa wa matatizo ya kupumua unaotoka Mashariki ya kati unaohusiana na virusi vya korona, Hedgehog coronavirus 1 (EriCoV)
Species: Beluga whale coronavirus SW1, Infectious bronchitis virus
Aina: Virusi vya korona vya nyangumi ya beluga sw1, virusi vya kuambukiza vya mkamba
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE, although some models place the common ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, implying long term coevolution with bat and avian species.
Kizazi cha hivi punde cha virusi vyote ya korona (MRCA) kinakadiriwa kilikuwa hivi karibuni kama 8000 BCE, ingawa mifano kadhaa huchukua nafasi ya kizazi cha kawaida kwa miaka milioni 55 au zaidi, ikimaanisha inashirikiana kuwa muda mrefu na aina ya spishi ya popo na ndege.
The most recent common ancestor of the alphacoronavirus line has been placed at about 2400 BCE, the betacoronavirus line at 3300 BCE, the gammacoronavirus line at 2800 BCE, and the deltacoronavirus line at about 3000 BCE.
Kizazi cha hivi punde cha virusi cha alphacoronavirus kimewekwa kati ya takriban 2400 BCE, kizazi cha betacoronavirus katika 3300 BCE, kizazi cha gammacoronavirus katika 2800 BCE na kizazi cha deltacoronavirus katika takriban 3000 BCE.
The large number of host bat and avian species, and their global range, has enabled extensive evolution and dissemination of coronaviruses.Many human coronavirus have their origin in bats.
Idadi kubwa ya bata yenye virusi na spishi za ndege, na aina yao duniani, imewezesha mageuzi na usambazaji mkubwa wa virusi vya korona. Virusi vingi vya korona vya wanadamu vimetoka kwa popo.
More recently, alpaca coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E diverged sometime before 1960.
Vya hivi majuzi zaidi, virusi vya korona vya alpaca na virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu 229E vilitengana kabla ya 1960.
MERS-CoV emerged in humans from bats through the intermediate host of camels.
MERS-Cov iliibuka kwa wanadamu kutoka kwa popo ambayo iitoka kwa ngamia.
MERS-CoV, although related to several bat coronavirus species, appears to have diverged from these several centuries ago.
MERS-CoV, ingawa vinahusiana na aina nyingi za virusi vya korona vya popo, vinaonekana vilitengana karne kadhaa zilizopita.
The most closely related bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV diverged in 1986.
Virusi vya korona na SARS-C0V inavyohusiana sana na popo vilitofautiana mwaka wa 1986
A possible path of evolution, of SARS coronavirus and keen bat coronaviruses, suggests that SARS related coronaviruses coevolved in bats for a long time.
Njia inayowezekana ya mageuzi, ya virusi vya korona vya SARS na virusi vya korona vya popo, inapendekeza kuwa virusi vya korona vinavyohusiana na SARS vilikuwa kwenye popo kwa muda mrefu.
In the 1790s, equine coronavirus diverged from the bovine coronavirus after a cross-species jump.
Miaka ya 1790, virusi vya koroma vya farasi vilitoka kwa virusi vya korona vya ng'ombe baada ya kuruka kwenda kwa spishi nyingine.
Later in the 1890s, human coronavirus OC43 diverged from bovine coronavirus after another cross-species spillover event.
Baadaye katika miaka ya 1980, virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu OC43 vilitoka kwa virusi vya korona vya ng'ombe baada ya tukio lingine ya kuruka kwenda kwenye spishi nyingine.
It is speculated that the flu pandemic of 1890 may have been caused by this spillover event, and not by the influenza virus, because of the related timing, neurological symptoms, and unknown causative agent of the pandemic.
Inakisiwa kwamba maradhi ya mafua ya mwaka wa 1890 yanaweza kuwa yalisababishwa na tukio hili ya kuruka kwenda kwenye spishi nyine, lakini sio virusi vya mafua, kwa sababu ya muda husika, dalili za nyurolojia, dalili zingine zisizojulikana za ugonjwa huo.
Human coronavirus OC43 besides causing respiratory infections is also suspected of playing a role in neurological diseases.
Virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu OC43 kando na kusababisha maambukizi ya njia ya kupumua pia vinashukiwa kusababisha magonjwa ya nyurolojia.
In the 1950s, the human coronavirus OC43 began to diverge into its present genotypes.
Miaka ya 1950, virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu vilianza kuibuka kama genitki ni za sasa.
Phylogentically, mouse hepatitis virus (Murine coronavirus), which infects the mouse's liver and the central nervous system, is related to human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus.
Katika uvumbuzi wa kikundi fulani cha viumbe, virusi vya homa vya panya (virusi vya korona vya murine) ambayo huambukiza ini na mfumo mkuu wa neve wa panya, vinahusiana na virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu OC43 na virusi vya korona vya ng'ombe.
Human coronavirus HKU1, like the aforementioned viruses, also has its origins in rodents.
Virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu HKU1, kama virusi vilivyotajwa hapo awali, pia hutoka kwa wanyama wagugunaji.
Coronaviruses vary significantly in risk factor.
Virusi vya korona hutofautiana sana kwa kiwango cha hatari.
Some can kill more than 30% of those infected, such as MERS-CoV, and some are relatively harmless, such as the common cold.
Vingine vinaweza kuua zaidi ya asilimia 30 ya wale walioambukizwa, kama vile MERS-CoV, na vingine sio hatari sana, kama vile homa ya kawaida.
Coronaviruses can cause colds with major symptoms, such as fever, and a sore throat from swollen adenoids.
Virusi vya korona vinaweza kusababisha mafua yenye dalili kali, kama vile homa na mwasho wa koo kutoka kwa tushu zilizovimba.
Coronaviruses can cause pneumonia (either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia) and bronchitis (either direct viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis).
Virusi vya korona vinaweza kusababisha nimonia (aidha virusi vya moja kwa moja vya nimonia au nimonoa ya bakteria ya pili) na mkamba (aidha virusi vya moja kwa moja vya mkamba au mkamba bakeria ya pili).
The human coronavirus discovered in 2003, SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections.Six species of human coronaviruses are known, with one species subdivided into two different strains, making seven strains of human coronaviruses altogether.
Virusi vya korona vya binadamu vilivyogunduliwa mwaka wa 2003, ambavyo husababisha ugonjwa kali wa matatizo ya kupumua (SARS), vina pathogenisis ya kipekee kwa sababu huambukiza sehemu ya juu na chini ya kupumua. Aina sita za virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu vinajulikana, na aina moja imegawanywa katika aina mbili tofauti, na kutengeneza aina sita za virusi vya korona vya mwanadamu kwa pamoja.
Four of these coronaviruses continually circulate in the human population and produce the generally mild symptoms of the common cold in adults and children worldwide: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Nne kati ya virusi hivi vya korona vinaendelea kusambazwa katika idadi ya watu na hutoa dalili za kawaida zisizo kali za mafua kwa watu wazima na watoto duniani: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Coronaviruses cause about 15% of commons colds.
Virusi vya korona husababisha takriban asilimia 15 ya mafua ya kawaida.
The majority of colds are caused by rhinoviruses.
Aina nyingi ya mafua husababishwa na rhinoviruses.
The four mild coronaviruses have a seasonal incidence occurring in the winter months in temperate climates.
Virusi vinne kali vya korona hutokea wakati wa msimu wa baridi katika hali ya hewa ya wastani.
There is no preference towards a particular season in tropical climates.
Hakuna upendeleo wa msimu fulani katika hali ya hewa ya kitropiki.
Four human coronaviruses produce symptoms that are generally mild:
Virusi vinne vya korona hutoa dalili ambazo ni kali kwa ujumla:
The virus was officially named the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Virusi hivyo vilipewa jina rasmi la (SARS-CoV).
More than 8,000 people were infected, about ten percent of whom died.
Zaidi ya watu 8,000 waliambukizwa, takriban asilimia kumi yao waliaga dunia.
In September 2012, a new type of coronavirus was identified, initially called Novel Coronavirus 2012, and now officially named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Mwezi wa Septemba 2012, aina mpya ya virusi ya korona vilitambuliwa, hapo awali vilijukana kana virusi vipya vya korona vya 2012, na sasa vinajulikana kama virusi vya korona vya Mashariki ya Kati vya matatizo ya kupumua. (MERS-COv).
The World Health Organization issued a global alert soon after.
Shirika la Afya Duniani lilitoa tahadhari ya ulimwengu punde tu baadaye.
The WHO update on 28 September 2012 said the virus did not seem to pass easily from person to person.
Taarifa ya WHO ya tarehe 28 Septemba 2012 ilisema kwamba virusi hivi havikuonekana kusambaa kwa urahisi kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine.
However, on 12 May 2013, a case of human-to-human transmission in France was confirmed by the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
Hata hivyo, tarehe 12 Mei 2013, tukio la usambazaji kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine ulithibitishwa huko Ufarasana na Wizara ya Ufarasa ya Mambo ya Kijamii na Afya.
In addition, cases of human-to-human transmission were reported by the Ministry of Health in Tunisia.
Kwa kuongezea, visa vya maambukizo kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine viliripotiwa na Wizara ya Afya huko Tunisia.
Two confirmed cases involved people who seemed to have caught the disease from their late father, who became ill after a visit to Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
Visa viwili vilivyothibitisha vinahusisha watu ambao wanaonekana kupata ugonjwa kutoka kwa marehemu baba yao ambaye alikuwa mgonjwa baada ya kutembelea Katari na Saudi Arabia.
Despite this, it appears the virus had trouble spreading from human to human, as most individuals who are infected do not transmit the virus.
Hata hivyo, inaonekana virusi hivyo vilikuwa na shida ya kuenea kutoka kwa mtu mmoja hadi mwingine, kwa kuwa watu wengi ambao wameambukizwa hawaambukizi wengine virusi hivyo.
The final name for the virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Jina la mwisho la virusi hivyo ni virusi vya korona vya Mashariki ya Kati vya matatizo ya kupumua (MERS-CoV).
The only U.S. cases (both survived) were recorded in May 2014.In May 2015, an outbreak of MERS-CoV occurred in the Republic of Korea, when a man who had traveled to the Middle East, visited four hospitals in the Seoul area to treat his illness.
Visa nchini Marekani (ambao wote walipona) vilivripotiwa mwezi Mei 2014.Mnamo Mei 2015, mlipuko wa MERS-CoV ulitokea katika Jamhuri ya Korea, ambapo mwanaume ambaye alisafri kuenda Mashariki ya Kati, alitembelea hospitali nne katika eneo la Seoul ili kutibu ugonjwa wake.
This caused one of the largest outbreaks of MERS-CoV outside the Middle East.
Hii ilisababisha moja ya milipuko kubwa ya MERS-CoV nje ya Mashariki ya Kati.
As of December 2019, 2,468 cases of MERS-CoV infection had been confirmed by laboratory tests, 851 of which were fatal, a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%.
Hadi Desemba 2019, visa 2,468 vya maambukizo ya MERS-CoV vilithibitishwa na vipimo vya maabara, 851 kati yao walikuwa mamekufa, kiwango cha vifo cha takriban asilimia 34.5.
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China.
Mwezi wa Desemba 2019, mlipuko wa nimonia uliripitiwa huko Wuhan, Uchina.
On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Tarehe 31 Desemba 2019, mlipuko huo ulitokana na aina mpya ya virusi vya korona, ambao ulipewa jina la muda la 2019-CoV na Shrika la Afya Duniani (WHO), baadaye lilibadilishwa jina kuwa SARS-CoV-2 na Kamati ya Kimatafa ya Uainisho wa Virusi.
Some researchers have suggested the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market may not be the original source of viral transmission to humans.As of 17 April 2020, there have been at least 153,822 confirmed deaths and more than 2,240,191 confirmed cases in the coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.
Baadhi ya watafiti wamependekeza kuwa Soko la Jumla la Dagaa la Huan linaweza kuwa sio chanzo cha kwanza cha maambukizo ya vrusi hivyo kwa wanadamu. Hadi tarehe 17 Aprili 2020, kumekuwa na angalau vifo 153,822 vilivyothibitishwa na zaidi ya visa 2,240,191 vilivyothibitishwa vya ugonjwa wa nimonia wa virusi vya korona.
The Wuhan strain has been identified as a new strain of Betacoronavirus from group 2B with approximately 70% genetic similarity to the SARS-CoV.
Aina ya Wuhan imetambuliwa kama aina mpya ya Betacoronavirus kutoka kwa kundi 2B na takriban asilimia 78 kufanana kwa kimaumbile na SARS-CoV.
The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus, so it is widely suspected to originate from bats as well.
Virusi hivyo vinafanana kwa asilimia 96 na virusi vya korona vya popo, kwa hivyo vinashukiwa sana kutoka kwa popo pia.
The pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and nationwide lockdowns in several countries.
Ugonjwa huu umesababisha vizuizi vya kusafiri na nchi kadhaa kuzuia watu kutoka nje.
Coronaviruses have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in veterinary medicine since the 1930s.
Virusi vya korona vimetambuliwa kusababisha hali za kipatholojia katika dawa ya mifugo tangu miaka ya 1930.
Except for avian infectious bronchitis, the major related diseases have mainly an intestinal location.
Isipokuwa kwa mkamba wa kuambukiza, ugonkwa kuu unaohusiana uko kwenye sehemu ya matumbo
Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
Virusi vya korona kimsingi vinaathiri sehemu ya juu ya njia ya pumu na njia ya gesi za utumbo ya wanyama na ndege.
They also cause a range of diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets, some of which can be serious and are a threat to the farming industry.
Pia husababisha maradhi anuwai katika mifugo na wanyama kipenzi, ambao baadhi yao wanaweza kuwa na hatari kubwa kwa tasnia ya kilimo.
In chickens, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, targets not only the respiratory tract but also the urogenital tract.
Katika kuku, virusi vya mkamba vya kuambukiza (IBV), virusi vya korona, hulenga sio tu mfumo wa kupumia, lakini pia mfumo wa mkojo.
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken.
Virusi hivyo vinaweza kuenea kwa viungo tofauti ndani ya kuku.
Economically significant coronaviruses of farm animals include porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, TGE) and bovine coronavirus, which both result in diarrhea in young animals.
Virusi vya korona vinavyoathiri uchumi wa mifugo vinajumuisha virusi vya korona vya nguruwe (virusi vya korona vinavyoweza kuambukiza vya sumu katika tumbo TGE) na virusi vya korona vya ng'ombe, ambayvo husababisha wanyama wadogo kuhara.
Feline coronavirus: two forms, feline enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a disease associated with high mortality.
Virusi vya korona vya paka: aina mbili, virusi vya korona vyenye nguvu vya paka ni viini vyenye umuhimu mdogo wa kliniki, lakini mababadiliko ya kikemikali ya virusi hivi vinaweza kusababisha uvimbe wa kuambukiza wa paka (FOP), ugonjwa unaohusishwa na vifo vingi.
Similarly, there are two types of coronavirus that infect ferrets: Ferret enteric coronavirus causes a gastrointestinal syndrome known as epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), and a more lethal systemic version of the virus (like FIP in cats) known as ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC).
Vivyo hivyo, kuna aina mbili ya virusi vya korona ambavyo huambukiza sungura; Virusi vyenye nguvu ya korona vya sungura husababisha ugonjwa kwenye matumbo unaojulikana na epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) na toleo la kuuwa sana la kimfumo la virusi hvyo (kama FIP kwenye paka) linalojulikana kana virusi vya korona vya mfumo vya sungura (FSC).
There are two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV), one that causes mild gastrointestinal disease and one that has been found to cause respiratory disease.
Kuna aina mbili ya virusi vya korona vya mbwa (CCoV), moja inayosababisha ugonjwa usio mkali kwenye tumbo na nyingine ambayo imepatikana kusababisha matatizo ya kupumua.
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice.
Virusi vya homa ya manjano ya kipanya (MHV) ni virusi vya korona ambavyo husababisha magonjwa ya mlipuko kutoka kwa panya na vifo vya juu, haswa kwa utumbo wa panya za maabara.
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) is highly infectious coronavirus of laboratory rats, which can be transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol.
Virusi vya sialodacryoadenitis (SDAV) ni virusi vya korona vya vinavyoambukiza sana kutoka kwa panya za maabara, ambavyo vinaweza kusambazwa kati ya watu kwa utangamano wa moja kwa moja na pasipo utangamano kupitia erosoli.
Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis.
Baadhi ya aina za MHV zinasababisha kuendelea kwa uvimbe wa ubongo katika panya ambayo imetumika kama mfano wa puku kwa ugonjwa wa neva.
Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologists interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases.
Juhudi muhimu za utafiti umelenga kufafanua wazi asili ya virusi hivi vya korona vya mnyama, haswa na wataalamu wa virusi wanaopendezwa na magonjwa ya mifugo na vinavyosambazwa kutoka kwa mnyama hadi kwa mwanadamu.
Porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs, TGEV).
Virusi vya korona vya nguruwe (virusi vya korona vya kuambukiza vya uvimbe kwenye tumbo kutoka kwa nguruwe, TGEV).
Bovine coronavirus (BCV), responsible for severe profuse enteritis in of young calves.
Virusi vya korona vya ng'ombe (BCV), husababisha uvimbe kali kwenye tumbo ya ndama wachanga.