atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes mild enteritis in cats as well as severe Feline infectious peritonitis (other variants of the same virus).
Virusi vya korona vya paka (FCoV) husababisha uvimbe mdogo kwenye tumbo ya paka na pia ugonjwa mkali ya kuambukiza wa uvimbe wa ngozi ya fumbatio kwenye paka (magonjwa mengine ya virusi hivyo).
the two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV) (one causing enteritis, the other found in respiratory diseases).
aina mbili za virusi vya korona vya mbwa (CCoV) (moja inayosababisha mwako wa tumbo, na nyingine inayopatikana katika magonjwa ya kupumua).
Turkey coronavirus (TCV) causes enteritis in turkeys.
Virusi vya korona vya batamzinga (TCV) husababsha mwako wa tumbo kwenye batamzinga.
Ferret enteric coronavirus causes epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.
Virusi vya korona kwenye tumbo ya sungura husababisha mwako wa tumbo kwenye paka.
Ferret systemic coronavirus causes FIP-like systemic syndrome in ferrets.
Virusi vya korona kwenye mfumo wa paka husababisha ugonjwa kama FIP kwenye mfumo kwa paka.
Rabbit enteric coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhea in young European rabbits.
Virusi vya korona kwenye tumbo ya sungura husababisha ugonjwa mkali wa uvimbe wa tumbo na kuhara kwa sungura mdogo huko Ulaya.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED or PEDV), has emerged around the world.
Ugonjwa wa mlipuko wa nguruwe kuhara (PED au PEDV), umeibuka ulimwenguni kote.
b'Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Ugonjwa wa virusi vya korona 2019 (COVID-19) ni ugonjwa wa kuambukiza unaosababishwa na virusi vya korona vya ugonjwa mkali wa matatizo ya kupumua (SARS-CoV-2).
Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
Dalili za kawaida zinajumuisha homa, kukohoa, na matatizo ya kupumua.
Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhea, sore throat, loss of smell, and abdominal pain.
Dalili zingine zinaweza kujumuisha uchovu, maumivu ya misuli, kuhara, vidonda vya koo, kupoteza hisia ya kuhisi harufu, na maumivu ya tumbo.
The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to fourteen days.
Kuanzia muda wa kuambukizwa na dalili kuonekana kwa kwaida ni karibu siku tano lakini inaweza kuanzia siku ya pili au ya kumi na nne.
While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure.
Wakati idadi kubwa ya visa husababisha dalili kali, baadhi huendeleza kuwa nimonia ya virusi au viungo anuwai viache kufanya kazi.
As of 17 April 2020, more than 2.24 million cases have been reported across 210 countries and territories, resulting in more than 153,000 deaths.
Kufikia tarehe 17 Aprili 2020, zaidi ya visa milioni 2.24 vimeripotiwa katika mataifa na himaya 210, na kusababisha zaidi ya vifo 153,000.
More than 568,000 people have recovered.The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking.
Zaidi ya watu 568,000 wamepona. Virusi hivi husambazwa hasa kati watu wanaotangamana kwa karibu, mara nyingi kupitia matone madogo yanayotolewa wakati wanakukohoa, kupiga chafya, au kuongea.
While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than being infectious over long distances.
Ingawa matone haya yanazalishwa unapomua nje, huwa yanaanguka kwenye sakafu au kwenye maeneo kuliko kuambukizana katika umbali wa mita mirefu.
People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth.
Pia watu wanaweza kuambukizwa kwa kugusa eneo lililoambukizwa na kisha kugusa macho, pua, au mdomo wao.
The virus can survive on surfaces up to 72 hours.
Virusi hivyo vinaweza kuishi kwenye maeneo hadi saa 72.
It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab.
Inaambukizwa zaidi katika kipindi cha siku tatu za kwanza baada ya dalili kuonekana, ingawa kuenea kwake kunawezekana kabla ya dalili kuonekana na katika hatua za baadaye za ugonjwa.Mbinu ya kawaida ya kuchunguza kubadilishwa kwa muda halisi kwa manukuu ya msururu wa polimerasi (rRT-PCR) kutoka kwa chembe zinazotolewa puani.
The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers.
Watu wanaoshuku kuwa na virusi na walezi wao wanapendekezwa kumtumia barakoa.
Recommendations for mask use by the general public vary, with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use, and others requiring their use.
Mapendekezo ya umma kwa jumla kuvaa barakoa yanatofautiana, huku baadhi ya mamlaka zikipendekeza kutotumika kwao, baadhi zikipendekeza zitumike na zingine zikitaka watu wazitumie.
Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19.
Kwa sasa, hakuna chanjo au tiba maalum ya kukinga virusi vya COVID-19.
Local transmission of the disease has been recorded in most countries across all six WHO regions.
Maambukizo ya ndani ya ugonjwa huo umeripotiwa katika nchi nyingi kwa maeneo yote sita ya WHO.
Those infected with the virus may be asymptomatic or develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Walioambukizwa na virusi hivyo wanaweza kosa kuhusi dalili au kuonyesha dalili kama za mafua kama vile homa, uchovu, na matatizo ya kupumua.
Emergency symptoms include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.
Dalili za dharura zinajumuisha matatizo ya kupumua, maumivu au shinikizo inayoendelea kwenye kifua, kuchanganyikiwa, matatizo ya kutembea, na uso au mdomo wa rangi ya samawati; inashauriwa kutafuta matibabu ikiwa dalili hizi zipo.
Less commonly, upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose or sore throat may be seen.
Zisizo kawaida; dalili katika sehemu ya juu ya kupumua kama vile kupiga chafya, kamasi puani au maumivu ya koo yanaweza kuonekana.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea have been observed in varying percentages.
Dalili kwenye tumbo kama vile kichefuchefu, kutapika, kuhara zimeonekana katika asilimia tofauti.
Some cases in China initially presented only with chest tightness and palpitations.
Visa vingine nchini Uchina vilionyesha mkazo kifuani na mapapatiko wa moyo pekee.
In some, the disease may progress to pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death.
Katika visa vingine, ugonjwa unaweza kuendelea kuwa nimonia, viungo anuwai kutofanya kazi na kifo.
This is called the incubation period.
Hii inajulikana kama kipindi cha kupevuka.
The incubation period for COVID-19 is typically five to six days but may range from two to 14 days.
Kipindi cha kupevuka cha COVID-19 kwa kawaida ni siku tano hadi sita lakini kinaweza kuanzia ya pili au kumi na nne.
97.5% of people who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days of infection.Reports indicate that not all who are infected develop symptoms.
Asilimia 97.5 ya watu ambao wanaonyesha dalili wataonyesha ndani ya siku 11.5 baada ya kuambukizwa. Ripiti zinaonyesha kuwa sio wote walioambukizwa wataonyesha dalili.
The role of these asymptomatic carriers in transmission is not yet fully known; however, preliminary evidence suggests that they may contribute to the spread of the disease.
Jukumu la waenezaji hawa wasioonyesha dalili katika maambukizo bado halijulikani kabisa, hata hivyo, ushahidi wa awali unaonyesha kuwa wanaweza kuchangia kwa usambazaji wa ugonjwa.
The proportion of infected people who do not display symptoms is currently unknown and being studied, with the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reporting that 20% of all confirmed cases remained asymptomatic during their hospital stay.
Uwiano wa watu walioambukizwa amabao hawaonyeshi dalili haujulikani kwa sasa na unafanyiwa utafiti, na Vituo vya Korea vya Udhibiti na Uzuizi wa Ugonjwa (KCDC) vikiripoti kwa asilimia 20 ya watu wote waliothibitishwa waliendelea kukosa kuonyesha dalili wakiwa hospitalini.
China's National Health Commission began including asymptomatic cases in its daily cases on 1 April; of the 166 infections on that day, 130 (78%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing.
Tume ya Kitaifa ya Afya ya Uchina ilianza kujumuisha watu wasioonyesha dalili katika visa vyao vya kila siku tarehe 1 Aprili; watu 166 walioambukizwa siku hiyo, watu 130 (asilimia 78) hawakuonyesha dalili wakati wa kupimwa.
Both sputum and saliva can carry large viral loads.
Kohozi na mate yanaweza kuwa na viwango vikubwa vya virusi,
Loud talking releases more droplets than normal talking.
Kuzungumza kwa sauti kunatema matone mengi kuliko kuzungumza kawaida.
A study in Singapore found that an uncovered cough can lead to droplets travelling up to 4.5 meters (15 feet).
Utafiti huko Singapoo ulionyesha kuwa kukohoa bila kujifunika kunaweza kusababisha matone kwenda hadi mita 4.5 (futi 15).
Though the virus is not generally airborne, the National Academy of Science has suggested that bioaerosol transmission may be possible and air collectors positioned in the hallway outside of people's rooms yielded samples positive for viral RNA.
Ingawa kwa kawaida virusi hivyo haviwezi kusambazwa hewani, Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Sayansi kimependekeza kuwa inawezekena kuambukiza kupitia chembechembe za hewa na vikusanya hewa vilivyo katika njia nje ya vyumba vya watu vilikuwa na sampuli chanya za virusi vya RNA.
Some medical procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may cause respiratory secretions to be aerosolised and thus result in airborne spread.
Baadhi ya taratibu za kimatibabu kama vile kuingiza tubu na kufufua moyo na mapafu (CPR) kunaweza kusababisha majimaji ya pumu kugeuzwa kuwa hewa na hivyo kusababisha maenezi kupitia hewa.
While there are concerns it may spread via feces, this risk is believed to be low.The virus is most contagious when people are symptomatic; while spread may be possible before symptoms emerge, the risk is low.
Ijapokuwa kuna wasiwasi ya kuwa inaweza kuenezwa kupitia kinyesi, hatari hii inaaminika kuwa ya chini. Virusi hivyo vinaweza kuambukizwa sana wakati watu wanaonyesha dalili; ijapokuwa maambukizo yanawezekana kabla ya dalili kuonekana, hatari yake ni ndogo.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) says while it is not entirely clear how easily the disease spreads, one person generally infects two to three others.The virus survives for hours to days on surfaces.
Kituo cha Ulaya cha Kuzia na Kudhibiti Ugonjwa (ECDC) kinasema ijapokuwa haijulikani wazi jinsi ugonjwa huo unaenea, mtu mmoja kwa ujumla huambukiza wengine wawili au watatu. Virusi hivyo hukaa juu ya maenea kwa saa hadi siku kadhaa.
Specifically, the virus was found to be detectable for one day on cardboard, for up to three days on plastic (polypropylene) and stainless steel (AISI 304), and for up to four hours on 99% copper.
Hasa, virusi hivyo vilipatikana kuwa vinaweza kugunduliwa kwa siku moja kwenye kadibodi, hadi siku tatu kwenye plastiki (polypropylene) na chuma cha pua (AISI 304), na hadi saa nne kwenye shaba ya asilimia 99.
This, however, varies depending on the humidity and temperature.
Hii, hata hivyo, inatofautinana kulingana na unyevu na joto.
Soap and detergent are also effective if correctly used; soap products degrade the virus' fatty protective layer, deactivating it, as well as freeing them from skin and other surfaces.
Sabuni na dawa ya kusafisha pia ni bora ikiwa inatumika vizuri; bidhaa za sabuni hudhoofisha safu ya kinga ya mafuta ya virusi, ikilemaza nguvu yake, na pia kuvitoa kutoa kwa ngozi na maeneo mengine.
Other solutions, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate (a surgical disinfectant), are less effective.In a Hong Kong study, saliva samples were taken a median of two days after the start of hospitalization.
Uoevu mwingine, kama vile benzalkonium chloride na chlorhexidine gluconate (kemikali ya upasuaji), hazifanyi kazi vizuri. Katika utafiti huko Hong Kong study, sampuli za mate zilichukuliwa kwa wastani wa siku mbili baada ya kuanza kulazwa hospitalini.
In five of six patients, the first sample showed the highest viral load, and the sixth patient showed the highest viral load on the second day tested.
Miongoni mwa wagonjwa sita, sampuli ya kwanza ilionyesha kiwango cha juu zaidi cha virusi na mgonjwa wa sita alionyesha kiwango cha juu zaidi cha virusi siku ya pili ya kupimwa.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.
Ugonjwa kali wa matatizo ya kupumua, virusi vya korona (SARS-CoV-2) ni virusi vipya vya korona vya matatizo kali ya kupumua,
All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.
Vipengele vyote vya virusi vipya vya SARS-CoV-2 hujitokeza katika virusi vinavyohusiana na korona kwa asili.
Outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV.
Nje ya mwili wa mwanadamu, virusi hivyo huuliwa na sabani ya kutumiwa nyumbani, ambayo hupasua kiputo chake cha kinga. SARS-CoV-2 inahusiana sana na SARS-CoV ya asili.
The lungs are the organs most affected by COVID-19 because the virus accesses host cells via the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is most abundant in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs.
Mapafu ndiyo viungo vinavyoathirika zaidi na COVID-19 kwa sababu virusi hufikia seli zinazobeba virusi kupitia enzaimu angiotensin-inayogeuza enzaimu 2 (ACE2), ambayo hupatikana kwa wingi kwenye seli za II alveolar za mapafu.
The virus uses a special surface glycoprotein called a "spike" (peplomer) to connect to ACE2 and enter the host cell.
Virusi hivyo hutumia glikoprotini maalum ya maeneo inayojulikana kama "spike" (peplomer) ili kuungana na ACE2 na kuingia kwenye seli enyeji.
Acute cardiac injury was found in 12% of infected people admitted in hospital in Wuhan, China, and is more frequent in severe disease.
Jeraha kali la moyo ulipatikana katika asilimia 12 ya watu walioambukizwa na kulazwa hospitalini huko Wuhan, Uchina, na linatukia sana katika ugonjwa kali.
Rates of cardiovascular symptoms is high, owing to the systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression, but acute myocardial injury may also be related to ACE2 receptors in the heart.
Viwango vya dalili za ugonjwa wa moyo ni ya juu, kwa sababu ya ugonjwa wa mfumo wa kujibu uchochezi na mfumo wa kinga wakati wa maendeleo ya ugonjwa huo, lakini jeraha kali la ukuta wa moyo unaweza pia unahusiana na vipokezi za ACE2 moyoni.
ACE2 receptors are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in heart function.
Vipokezi vya ACE2 vinaonekana sana moyoni na vinahusika na utendakazi wa moyo.
A high incidence of thrombosis (31%) and venous thromboembolism (25%) have been found in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections and may be related to poor prognosis.Autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 have found diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and lymphocyte-containing inflammatory infiltrates within the lung.
Visa vingi vya mvulio moyoni (asilimia 31) na damu kuanza kuganda kwenye mshipa (asilimia 25) umepatikana kwa wagonjwa wa ICU wenye maambukizo ya COVID-19 na yanaweza kuhusishwa na ubashiri mbaya. Uchunguzi wa maiti ya watu ambao walikufa kwa sababu ya COVID-19 umepata maabadiliko maalum kwa sababu ya ugonjwa huo (DAD), na chembe za limfu-zenye mipenyezo kwenye uvimbe ndani ya mapafu.
Although SARS-COV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, patients with severe COVID-19 have symptoms of systemic hyperinflammation.
Ingawa SARS-COV 2 ina ukuaji wa ACE-2 inayoonyesha seli zinazonyoosha nyuso za mwili wako katika mfumo wa kupumua, wagonjwa wenye COVID-19 kali wana dalili za systemic hypainflammation.
In particular, pathogenic GM-CSF-secreting T-cells were shown to correlate with the recruitment of inflammatory IL-6-secreting monocytes and severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients.
Hasa, seli T zinazotoka kwa viini vya GM-CSF zilizonyesha kupatana na matumizi monositi zinazotoa IL-6 ya uvimbe na visababishi ugonjwa kali wa mapafu katika wagonjwa wa COVID-19.
Lymphocytic infiltrates have also been reported at autopsy.
Ugonjwa nadra wa ngozi pia umeripotiwa wakati wa uchunguzi wa damu.
The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.
WHO imechapisha itifaki kadhaa za uchunguzo wa ugonjwa huo.
The standard method of testing is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Mbinu ya kawaida ya kupima ni katika maabara ya utafiti ili kuchunguza upatikanaji wa jeni (rRT-PCR).
The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a nasopharyngeal swab; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.
Uchunguzi huo kwa kawaida hufanywa kwenye sampuli za pumzi zilizopatikana na sampuli ya majaribio ya kliniki ya pua; hata hivyo; sampuli ya kohozi na mate pia inaweza kutumika.
Results are generally available within a few hours to two days.
Matokeo kwa ujumla hupatikana katika muda saa chache hadi siku mbili.
Blood tests can be used, but these require two blood samples taken two weeks apart and the results have little immediate value.
Vipimo vya damu vinaweza kutumika, lakini vinahitaji sampuli mbili za damu zilizochukuwa wiki mbili kando na matokeo hayo yana thamani ndogo ya haraka.
Chinese scientists were able to isolate a strain of the coronavirus and publish the genetic sequence so laboratories across the world could independently develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect infection by the virus.
Wanasayansi Wachina waliweza kutenga mkazo wa virusi vya korona na mfululizo wa jenitiki ili maabara duniani kote waweze kukuza vipimo vya kutoa nakala anuwai za sampuli maalum ya DNA ili kugundua maambukizi ya virusi hivyo.
As of 4 April 2020, antibody tests (which may detect active infections and whether a person had been infected in the past) were in development, but not yet widely used.
Kuanzia Aprili 2020, vipimo vya kingamwili (ambavyo vinaweza kugundua maambukizo amilifu na ikiwa mtu alikuwa ameambukizwa hapo awali) vilikuwa vinaendelea lakini havijatumika sana.
The Chinese experience with testing has shown the accuracy is only 60 to 70%.
Uzoefu wa Wachina wa upimaji umeonyesha usahihi ni asilimia 60 hadi 70 tu.
The FDA in the United States approved the first point-of-care test on 21 March 2020 for use at the end of that month.Diagnostic guidelines released by Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University suggested methods for detecting infections based upon clinical features and epidemiological risk.
FDA nchini Marekani iliidhinisha jaribio la kwanza la utunzaji tarehe 21 Machi 2020 kwa ajili ya matumizi mwishoni mwa mwezi huo. Miongozo ya utambuzi iliyotolewa na Hospitali ya Zhongnan ya Chuo Kikuu cha Wuham ilipendendekeza mbinu za kugundua maambukizo kulingana na sifa za kliniki na hatari ya magonjwa ya mlipuko.
Bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution are common in early infection.
Glasi ya laini mbili na vyuma vingi yenye sehemu za pembeni inayotumika kuchunguza kamba za pumu ,
Subpleural dominance, crazy paving (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and consolidation may appear as the disease progresses.
Kuwepo kwa Subpleural kwa wingi, njia mbovu (unene unaohusiana na lobular na mjazo tofauti wa alveolasi), na uunganishaji unaweza kuonekana ugonjwa unavyoendelea.
Few data are available about microscopic lesions and the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Data chache zinapatikana kuhusu vidonda vidogo na pathofisiolojia ya COVID-19.
The main pathological findings at autopsy are:
Matokeo kuu ya kipathojia ya uchunguzi wa maiti ni:
Macroscopy: pleurisy, pericarditis, lung consolidation and pulmonary oedema
Uchunguzi wa macho: pleurisy, pericarditis, pafu kujazwa na kioevu badala ya hewa na mkusanyiko wa maji katika tishu na nafasi za hewa za mapafu.
Four types of severity of viral pneumonia can be observed:
Aina nne za ukali wa nimonia ya virusi inaza kuchunguzwa:
mild pneumonia: pulmonary oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia, large atypical pneumocytes, interstitial inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration and multinucleated giant cell formation
Nimonia isiyo kali: pulmonary oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia, large atypical pneumocytes, interstitial inflammation yenye lymphocytic infiltration na muundo wa seli kubwa.
severe pneumonia: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with diffuse alveolar exudates.
Nimonia kali: mabadiliko maalum katika mapafu kwa sababu ya ugonjwa (DAD) yenye kioevu kutoka kwa mapafu.
DAD is the cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe hypoxemia.
DAD inasabishwa na acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) na hiposemia kali.
healing pneumonia: organisation of exudates in alveolar cavities and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
Nimonia inayopona: utoaji wa kioevu katika mapengo ya ufizi na pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.
Blood: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); leukoerythroblastic reaction
Damu: matatizo mkubwa ambapo protini ambazo hudhibiti damu kuganda znakuwa amilifu zaidi (DIC);
Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include staying at home, avoiding crowded places, washing hands with soap and water often and for at least 20 seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.
Hatua za kinga za kupunguza uwezekano wa kuambukizwa zinajumuisha kukaa nyumbani, kuepuka maeneo yenye watu wengi, kuosha mikono kwa kutumia sabuni na maji mara kwa mara kwa angalau sekunde 20, kujizoeza kuwa na adabu nzuri ya kukohoa na kuepuka kugusa macho, pua au mdomo na mikono ambayo haijaoshwa.
The CDC recommends covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and recommends using the inside of the elbow if no tissue is available.
CDC inapendekeza kufunika mdomo na pua kwa kutumia tishu unapokohoa au kupiga chafya na inapendekeza kutumia ndani ya kiwiko ikiwa hakuna tishu inayopatikana.
Proper hand hygiene after any cough or sneeze is encouraged.
Usafi unaofaa wa mikono baada y a kukohoa au kupiga chafya unahimizwa.
The CDC has recommended the use of cloth face coverings in public settings, in part to limit transmission by asymptomatic individuals.Social distancing strategies aim to reduce contact of infected persons with large groups by closing schools and workplaces, restricting travel and cancelling large public gatherings.
CDC imependekeza kutumia vizuizi vya uso vya kitambaa katika mazingira ya umma, ili kuzuia maambukizo kutoka kwa mtu anayeonyesha dalili. Mikakati ya kujitenga na jamii inakusudia kupunguza utangamano na watu walioambukizwa katika vikundi vikubwa kwa kufunga shule na mahali pa kufanya kazi; kuzuia usafiri na kupiga marufuku mikusaniko mikubwa ya umma.
Distancing guidelines also include that people stay at least 6 feet (1.8 m) apart.
Miongozo ya kukaa mbali ya watu pia inajumuisha watu kukaa mbali kwa angalau umbali wa futi 6 (mita 1.8).
There is no medication known to be effective at preventing COVID-19.As a vaccine is not expected until 2021 at the earliest, a key part of managing COVID-19 is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as "flattening the curve".
Hakuna dawa inayojulikana kufanya kazi ya kuzuia COVID-19. Ijapokuwa hakuna chanjo inayotarajiwa hadi 2021 mapema iwezekanavyo, sehemu muhimu ya kudhibiti COVID-19 ni kujaribu kupunguza kiwango cha mlipuko, inayojulikana kama "kupunguza maambukizo"
The CDC also recommends that individuals wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty, before eating and after blowing one's nose, coughing or sneezing.
CDC pia inapendekeza kuwa watu waoshe mikono mara kwa mara kwa kutumia sabuni na maji kwa angalau sekunde 20, hasa baada ya kwenda chooni au wakati uchafu unaonekana kwenye mikono, kabla ya kula na baada ya kupenga kamasi, kukohoa au kupiga chafya.
It further recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol, but only when soap and water are not readily available.For areas where commercial hand sanitisers are not readily available, the WHO provides two formulations for local production.
Inapendekeza zaidi kutumia kisafsha mikono chenye kileo angalau asilimia 60 cha kuua viini, lakini ni wakati sabuni na maji haipatikani. Katika maeneo ambayo visafisha mikono vyenye kileo cha kuua viini havipatikani kwa urahisi, WHO hutoa fomyula ya uzalishaji wa ndani.
In these formulations, the antimicrobial activity arises from ethanol or isopropanol.
Katika miundo hii, shughuli ya kiantimicrobial inatokana na ethanoli au isopropanoli.
Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis".
Hidrojeni peroksaidi hutumiwa kusaidia kuondoa vijimbegu vya bakteria ndani ya kileo; sio "kitu kinachotumika kwa zindiko ya mkono"
Glycerol is added as a humectant.
Gliseroli huongezwa kama dutu inayotumika kuweka vitu kuwa na unyevunyevu.
People are managed with supportive care, which may include fluid therapy, oxygen support, and supporting other affected vital organs.
Watu hudhbitiwa kwa utunzaji, ambayo inaweza kujumuisha kutumia kioevu kama matibabu, msaada wa oksijeni, na kutibu viungo vingine vilivyoathiriwa.
The CDC recommends that those who suspect they carry the virus wear a simple face mask.
CDC inapendekeza kwamba wale wanaoshuku kwamba wana virusi hivi wavae barakoa ya kawaida.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.
Kifaa cha nje cha kupeleka pumzi mwilini (ECMO) kimetumika kushughulikia matatizo ya kupumua, lakini faida zake bado zinaangaliwa.
Personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle and diet have been recommended to improve immunity.
Usafi wa mwili na kuwa na maisha yenye afya na lishe bora imependekezwa kuboresha kinga.
Supportive treatments may be useful in those with mild symptoms at the early stage of infection.The WHO and Chinese National Health Commission have published recommendations for taking care of people who are hospitalised with COVID-19.
Matibabu inaweza kutumiwa kwa wale wanaonyesha dalili isiyo kali mwanzoni mwa maambukizo hayo. WHO na Tume ya Kitaifa ya Afya ya Uchina imechapisha mapendekezo ya kuwatunza watu waliolazwa hopitalini kwa sababu ya COVID-19.
Intensivists and pulmonologists in the U.S. have compiled treatment recommendations from various agencies into a free resource, the IBCC.
Madaktari wa hali mahututi na madaktari wa mapafu huko Marekani wamejumuisha mapendekezo ya matibabu kutoka kwa mashirika anuwai kuwa rasilimali ya bila malipo, IBCC.
As of April 2020, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19.
Hadi Aprili 2020, hakuna matibabu maalum ya COVID-19.
For symptoms, some medical professionals recommend paracetamol (acetaminophen) over ibuprofen for first-line use.
Kwa dalili, baadhi ya wataalamu walipendekeza dawa ya paracetamol (acetaminophen) badala ya dawa ya ibuprofen kuwa chaguo la kwanza la kutumia.
Precautions must be taken to minimise the risk of virus transmission, especially in healthcare settings when performing procedures that can generate aerosols, such as intubation or hand ventilation.
Lazima tahadhari izingatiwe ili kupunguza maambukizo ya virusi, hasa katika mazingira ya huduma ya afya wakati wa kufanya taratibu ambazo zinaweza kutoa erosoli, kama vile kuweka neli au kupitisha hewa kwa mgonjwa kwa kutumia mikono.
For healthcare professionals caring for people with COVID-19, the CDC recommends placing the person in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) in addition to using standard precautions, contact precautions and airborne precautions.The CDC outlines the guidelines for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic.
Kwa wataalamu wa tiba ya afya wanaotibu watu walio na COVID-19, CDC inapendekeza kumweka mtu katika Chumba cha Kutenga Maambukizi ya Hewani (AIIR) pamoja na kutumia tahafhari za kawaida, tahashari za watu waliogusana na tahadhari za maambukizi ya hewani.CDC inatoa mwongozo wa jinsi ya kutumia Vifaa vya Kujikinga Mwenyewe (PPE) wakati wa janga kubwa.
The recommended gear is: PPE gown, respirator or facemask, eye protection, and medical gloves.When available, respirators (instead of facemasks) are preferred.
Mavazi yanayopendekezwa ni: gauni ya PPE, kipumulio au barakoa, kilinzi cha macho na glavu za matibabu. Inapopatikana, vipumulio (badala ya barakoa) vinapendekezwa.
N95 respirators are approved for industrial settings but the FDA has authorised the masks for use under an Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA).
Vipumulio vya N95 vimeidhinishwa kwa mazingira ya viwanda lakini FDA imeidhinisha barakoa kutumiwa chini ya Idhini ya Matumizi ya Dharura (EUA).
They are designed to protect from airborne particles like dust but effectiveness against a specific biological agent is not guaranteed for off-label uses.
Vimeundwa kukinga dhidi ya chembe zinazopeperuka hewani kama vile vumbi lakini ufanisi wake dhidi ya chembe maalum za kibiolojia hauhakikishwi kwa matumizi yasiyobainishwa.
When masks are not available, the CDC recommends using face shields or, as a last resort, homemade masks.
Wakati barakoa hazipatikani, CDC inapendekeza kutumia vizuizi vya uso, au kama chaguo la mwisho, barakoa zilizotengenezwa nyumbani.
Most cases of COVID-19 are not severe enough to require mechanical ventilation or alternatives, but a percentage of cases are.
Matukio mengi ya COVID-19 sio kali sana kuhitaji mitambo ya kuingiza hewa au mibadala, lakini inahitajika kwa asilimia kubwa ya matukio.
The type of respiratory support for individuals with COVID-19 related respiratory failure is being actively studied for people in hospital, with some evidence that intubation can be avoided with a high flow nasal cannula or bi-level positive airway pressure.
Aina ya kisaidizi cha kupumua kwa watu wenye matatizo ya kupumua yanayohusiana na COVID-19 inafanyiwa utafiti kwa watu hospitalini, na ushahidi fulani kwamba kuweka neli inaweza kuepukwa na kifaa cha kuingiza hewa kwa kiwango cha juu.
Whether either of these two leads to the same benefit for people who are critically ill is not known.
Haijulikani ikiwa moja kati ya hizi mbili husababisha faida sawa kwa watu ambao ni wagonjwa sana.
Some doctors prefer staying with invasive mechanical ventilation when available because this technique limits the spread of aerosol particles compared to a high flow nasal cannula.Severe cases are most common in older adults (those older than 60 years, and especially those older than 80 years).
Baadhi ya madaktari hupendelea kutumia mitambo ya kuingiza hewa inapopatikana kwa sababu mbinu hii hupunguza chembe za uoevu ikilinganishwa na kifaa cha kuingiza hewa kwa kiwango cha juu. Matukio kali ni ya kawaida kwa wazee (wale zaidi ya umri wa miaka 60, na haswa wale zaidi ya umri wa miaka 80).
Many developed countries do not have enough hospital beds per capita, which limits a health system's capacity to handle a sudden spike in the number of COVID-19 cases severe enough to require hospitalisation.
Nchi nyingi zilizoendelea hazina vitanda vya kutosha vya kila mtu, ambayo inapunguza uwezo wa mfumo wa afya kushughulikia matukio ya ghafla ya COVID-19 ambayo ni kali sana kuhitaji kulazwa hospitalini.
One study in China found 5% were admitted to intensive care units, 2.3% needed mechanical support of ventilation, and 1.4% died.
Utafiti mmoja nchini Uchina ulipata kuwa asilimia 5 walilazwa katika vitengo vya watu walio katika hali mahututi, asilimia 2.3 walihitaji mashine za kusaidia kupumua na asilimia 1.4 walifariki.
In China, approximately 30% of people in hospital with COVID-19 are eventually admitted to ICU.
Nchini Uchina, takriban asilimia 30 ya watu waliolazwa hospitalini kwa sababu ya COVID-19 , hatimaye walilazwa kwenye chumba cha hali mahututi.
Mechanical ventilation becomes more complex as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops in COVID-19 and oxygenation becomes increasingly difficult.
Inakuwa ngumu zaidi kutumia mitambo ya kuingiza hewa kwa kuwa ugonjwa mkali wa matatizo ya kupumua (ARDS) hutokea kwa COVID-19 na inazidi kuwa ngumu kuongeza oksijeni.
Ventilators capable of pressure control modes and high PEEP are needed to maximise oxygen delivery while minimising the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury and pneumothorax.
Vyombo vya kupitisha hewa vinavyoweza kudhibiti shinikizo na PEEP ya juu vinahitajika kuongeza utoaji wa oksijeni na bado ikipunguza hatari ya jeraha la mapafu linalohusiana na chombo cha kupitisha hewa
High PEEP may not be available on older ventilators.
PEEP ya juu inaweza kuwa haipatikani kwenye vyombo vya kuingiza hewa vya zamani.
Research into potential treatments started in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are in clinical trials.
Utafiti wa matibabu yanayowezekana ulianza Januari 2010, na dawa kadhaa za kuzuia virusi yanafanyiwa majaribio la kliniki.
Remdesivir appears to be the most promising.
Remdesivir inaonekana kuleta matokeo mazuri.
Although new medications may take until 2021 to develop, several of the medications being tested are already approved for other uses or are already in advanced testing.
Ingawa dawa mpya inaweza kufikisha mwaka wa 2021 kukuzwa, dawa kadhaa zinazopimwa tayari zimeidhinishwa kwa matumizi mengine au zinapimwa zaidi.
Antiviral medication may be tried in people with severe disease.
Dawa ya kuzuia virusi inaweza kutumiwa na watu wenye ugonjwa kali.
The WHO recommended volunteers take part in trials of the effectiveness and safety of potential treatments.The FDA has granted temporary authorisation to convalescent plasma as an experimental treatment in cases where the person's life is seriously or immediately threatened.
WHO ilipendekeza watu wa kujitolea kushiriki katika majaribio ya ufanisi na usalama wa matatibabu yanayowezekana. FDA imetoa idhini ya muda ya kusambaza kingamwili kama matibabu ya majaribio katika matukio ambayo maisha ya mtu huyo yametishiwa sana au mara moja.
It has not undergone the clinical studies needed to show it is safe and effective for the disease.
Haijapitia utafiti wa kliniki unaohitajika kuonyesha kuwa ni salama na fanisi kwa ugonjwa huo.
In February 2020, China launched a mobile app to deal with the disease outbreak.
Mwezi wa Februari 2020, Uchina ilizindua programu ya simu na kushughulikia mlipuko wa ugonjwa huo.
Users are asked to enter their name and ID number.
Watumiaji wanaulizwa kuina jina na nambari yao ya kitambulisho.
The app is able to detect 'close contact' using surveillance data and therefore a potential risk of infection.
Programu hiyo unaweza kugundua "mtu uliyetangamana naye karibu" kwa kutumua data ya uchunguzi na kwa hivyo kuweza kugundua hatari inayowezekana na kuambukizwa.
Every user can also check the status of three other users.
Kila mtumiaji pia anaweza kuangalia hali ya watumiaji wengine watatu.
If a potential risk is detected, the app not only recommends self-quarantine, it also alerts local health officials.Big data analytics on cellphone data, facial recognition technology, mobile phone tracking and artificial intelligence are used to track infected people and people whom they contacted in South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Ikiwa hatari inayowezekana imegunduliwa, programu haipendekezi tu kujitenga, lakini pia inawaarifu maafisa wa afya wa ndani. Uchanganuzi mkubwa wa data ya simu, teknolojia ya utambuzi wa uso, ufuatiliaji wa simu ya mkononi na ufahamu wa mashine hutumika kufuatilia watu walioambukizwa na waliotangamana nao huko Korea Kusini, Taiwan na Singapoo.
In March 2020, the Israeli government enabled security agencies to track mobile phone data of people supposed to have coronavirus.
Mwezi Machi 2020, serikali ya Israeli iliwezesha mashirika ya usalama kufuatilia data ya simu za mkononi za watu wanaoaminika kuwa na virusi vya korona.
The measure was taken to enforce quarantine and protect those who may come into contact with infected citizens.
Hatua hiyo ilichukuliwa kuhakikisha wamejitenga na kuwalinda wale ambao wanaweza kutangamana na raia walioambukizwa.
Also in March 2020, Deutsche Telekom shared aggregated phone location data with the German federal government agency, Robert Koch Institute, in order to research and prevent the spread of the virus.
Pia mwezi wa Machi 2020, Deutsche Telekom ilishiriki data ya jumla ya eneo la simu na shirika la serikali ya shirikisho la Ujerumani, Taasisi ya Robert Koch, ili kufanya utafiti na kuzuia virusi hivyo kuenea.
Russia deployed facial recognition technology to detect quarantine breakers.
Urusi ilieneza teknolojia ya utambuzi wa uso ili kuwagundua wavunja sheria ya karantini.
Italian regional health commissioner Giulio Gallera said he has been informed by mobile phone operators that "40% of people are continuing to move around anyway".
Giulio Gallera, Kamishna wa afya wa mkoa wa Italia, alisema kuwa amearifiwa na watoa huduma ya simu ya mkononi kuwa "asilimia 40 ya watu waendelea kutembea-tembea tu".
German government conducted a 48 hours weekend hackathon with more than 42.000 participants.
Serikali ya Ujerumani iliendesha tukio la kutengeneza programu za kompyuta na washiriki zaidi ya 42.000.
Also the president of Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, made a global call for creative solutions against the spread of coronavirus.
Pia, rais wa Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, alitoa mwito wa suluhu za kiubunifu dhidi ya kuenea kwa virusi vya korona.
Individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment or fear of the infection itself.
Watu wanaweza kupatwa na dhiki karantini, vikwazo vya kusafiri, madhara ya matibabu au hofu ya maambukizo yenyewe.
BBC quoted Rory O'Connor in saying, "Increased social isolation, loneliness, health anxiety, stress and an economic downturn are a perfect storm to harm people's mental health and wellbeing."
BBC ilinukuu Rory O'Connoe akisema, "Kuongezeka kwa kujitenga na watu, upweke, wasiwasi wa kiafya, mafadhaiko na uchumi kudhorora ni mbinu bora ya kudhuru afya ya akili na ustawi wa watu."
The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the common cold.
Ugonjwa huo unaweza kuwa na dalili chache au usiwe na dalili yoyote, unaofanana na ugonjwa mwingine wa kawaida wa maradhi ya kupumua kama vile mafua.
Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover.
Ugonjwa usio kali kwa kawaida hupona ndani ya wiki mbili, ambapo watu wenye ugonjwa kali au wa hali mahututi wanaweza kuchukua muda wa wiki tatu au sita kupona.
Pregnant women may be at higher risk for severe infection with COVID-19 based on data from other similar viruses, like SARS and MERS, but data for COVID-19 is lacking.In some people, COVID-19 may affect the lungs causing pneumonia.
Wanawake wajawazito wanaweza kuwa katika hatari kubwa ya kuambukizwa na COVID-19 kulingana na data ikilinganishwa na virusi vingine sawia, kama vile SARS na MERS, lakini data ya COVID-19 inakosekana. Kwa watu wengine, COVID-19 inaweza kuathiri mapafu na kusababisha nimonia.
In those most severely affected, COVID-19 may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing respiratory failure, septic shock or multi-organ failure.
Kwa watu walioathiriwa sana, COVID-19 inaweza kuongezeka kwa haraka kuwa ugonjwa sugu wa kupumua (ARDS) unaosababisha kushindwa kupumia kabisa, maambukizo ya ogani au ogani anuwai kushindwa kufanya kazi.
Complications associated with COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal clotting and damage to the heart, kidneys and liver.
Matatizo yanayohusiana na COVID-19 yanajumuisha ugonjwa wa bakteria, damu kuganda isivyo kawaida, uharibifu wa moyo, figo na ini.
Clotting abnormalities, specifically an increase in prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those admitted to hospital with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function is seen in 4% of this group.
Damu kuganda isivyo kawaida, hasa ongezeko la muda wa prothrombin, imeelezwa katika asilimia 6 ya wale waliolazwa hospitalini kwa sababu ya COVID-19, ambapo utendakazi usio wa kawaida wa figo unaonekana katika asilimia 4 ya kikundi hiki.
Approximately 20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 demonstrate elevated liver enzymes (transaminases).
Takriban asilimia 20-30 ya watu wenye COVID-19 wanaonyesha vimeng'enya vingi vya ini (viwango vya juu vya madhara ya ini)
According to the same report, the median time between onset of symptoms and death was ten days, with five being spent hospitalised.
Kulingana na ripoti hiyo, muda wastani kati ya dalili kuonekana na kifo ulikuwa siku kumi, na siku tano kutumika kulazwa hospitalini.
However, patients transferred to an ICU had a median time of seven days between hospitalisation and death.
Hata hivyo, wagonjwa waliohamishwa kwa chumba cha hali mahututi walikuwa na muda wastani wa siku saba kati ya kulazwa hospitalini na kufa.
In a study of early cases, the median time from exhibiting initial symptoms to death was 14 days, with a full range of six to 41 days.
Katika uchunguzi wa hali za mapema, muda wastani wa kuonyesha dalili za mwanzo hadi kifo ulikuwa siku 14, na kiwango kamili cha siku sita hadi 41.
In a study by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China, men had a death rate of 2.8% while women had a death rate of 1.7%.
Katika uchunguzi uliofanywa na Tume ya Kitaifa ya Afya ya Uchina (NHC), wanaume walikuwa na kiwango cha kifo cha asilimia 2.8 ambapo wanawake walikuwa na kiwango cha kifo cha asilimia 1.7.
Histopathological examinations of post-mortem lung samples show diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates in both lungs.
Vipimo vya histopatholojia vya sampuli za mapafu za baada ya kufa vinaonyesha mabadiliko fulani katika muundo wa mapafu na ugonjwa kali wa kupumua katika mapafu yote.
Viral cytopathic changes were observed in the pneumocytes.
Mabadiliko makubwa kati seli pia yalionekana katika seli za ufizi.
The lung picture resembled acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Picha ya mapafu inafanana na ugonjwa mkali wa matatizo ya kupumua (ARDS).
In 11.8% of the deaths reported by the National Health Commission of China, heart damage was noted by elevated levels of troponin or cardiac arrest.
Katika asilimia 11.8 ya vifo vilivyoripotiwa na Tume ya Kitaifa ya Afya ya Uchina, uharibifu wa moyo ulionekana na viwango vilivyoongezeka vya troponini au mshtuko wa moyo.
According to March data from the United States, 89% of those hospitalised had preexisting conditions.Availability of medical resources and the socioeconomics of a region may also affect mortality.
Kulingana na data ya Machi kutoka Marekani, asilimia 89 ya wale waliolazwa hospitalini walikuwa na hali zilizokuwa awali. Upatikanaji wa rasilimali za kimatibabu na hali za kijamii na kiuchumi za mkoa pia zinaweza kuathiri hali ya kuweza kufa.
Estimates of the mortality from the condition vary because of those regional differences, but also because of methodological difficulties.
Makadirio ya vifo kutokana na hali hii hutofautiana kwa sababu ya tofauti hizo za mkoa, lakini pia kwa sababu ya matatizo ya mbinu maalum.
The under-counting of mild cases can cause the mortality rate to be overestimated.
Hesabu ya chini ya visa visivyo kali inaweza kusababisha kiwango cha vifo kukadiriwa kupita kiasi.
However, the fact that deaths are the result of cases contracted in the past can mean the current mortality rate is underestimated.
Hata hivyo, uhakika wa kwamba vifo ni matokeo ya watu walioambukizwa awali kunaweza kumaanisha kuwa kiwango cha sasa cha vifo kimepuuzwa.
Smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to require intensive care or die compared to non-smokers.Concerns have been raised about long-term sequelae of the disease.
Wavuta sigara walikuwa na uwezekano zaidi wa kuwa na dalili za COVID-19 na takriban mara 2.4 zaidi za kuhitaji matibabu maalum au kufa wakilinganishwa na watu wasiovuta sigara. Maswali yametolewa kuhusu muda ambao ugonjwa huo utakuwa.
The Hong Kong Hospital Authority found a drop of 20% to 30% in lung capacity in some people who recovered from the disease, and lung scans suggested organ damage.
Mamlaka ya Hospitali ya Hong Kong ilipata kuwa kiwango kilishuka na kuwa asilimia 20 hadi 30 katika uwezo wa mapafu kwa watu waliopona ugonjwa huo, vipimo vya mapafu vilionyesha uharibifu wa ogani.
This may also lead to post-intensive care syndrome following recovery.
Hii inaweza kusababisha pia matatizo ya kiafya ambayo husalia baada ya ugonjwa mkali kupona.
As of March 2020, it was unknown if past infection provides effective and long-term immunity in people who recover from the disease.
Kufikia Machi 2020, haikujulikana ikiwa maambukizi ya hapo awali yalitoa kinga ya kufaa na ya muda mrefu ndani kwa waliopona ugonjwa huu.
Immunity is seen as likely, based on the behaviour of other coronaviruses, but cases in which recovery from COVID-19 have been followed by positive tests for coronavirus at a later date have been reported.
Kinga huonekana kama na uwezekano, kulingana na tabia ya virusi vingine vya korona, lakini kuna ripoti ya matukio ambayo watu wamepona COVID-19 na yameambatana na vipimo chanya vya virusi vya korona katika siku za baadaye.
These cases are believed to be worsening of a lingering infection rather than re-infection.
Matukio haya yanaaminika kuwa yanazidi kuongezeka kwa maambukizo ya muda mrefu badala ya maamukizo mapya.
The virus is thought to be natural and have an animal origin, through spillover infection.
Virusi hivyo vinadhaniwa kuwa vya asili na vinatoka kwa wanyama, kupitia maambukizo ya kuenezwa.
The actual origin is unknown, but by December 2019 the spread of infection was almost entirely driven by human-to-human transmission.
Chanzo chake hakijulikani lakini kufikia Desemba 2019, maambukizo hayo kuenea yalitokana na maambukizo kutoka mtu mmoja hadi mwingine.
A study of the first 41 cases of confirmed COVID-19, published in January 2020 in The Lancet, revealed the earliest date of onset of symptoms as 1 December 2019.
Uchunguzi wa matukio 41 ya kwanza ya COVID-19 yaliyodhibitishwa, uliochapishwa mnamo Januari 2020 katika The Lancet, ulionyesha tarehe ya kwanza ambayo dalili zilianza ni 1 Desemba 2019.
Official publications from the WHO reported the earliest onset of symptoms as 8 December 2019.
Machapisho rasmi kutoka kwa WHO yaliripoti kuwa dalili za kwanza kuonekana ilikuwa mnamo 8 Desemba 2019.
Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Hatua kadhaa hutumiwa kwa kawaida ili kupima kiwango cha vifo.
These numbers vary by region and over time and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak and population characteristics such as age, sex and overall health.
Idadi hizi hutofautiana kulingana na mkoa na muda na huathiriwa na idadi ya vipimo, ubora wa mfumo wa huduma ya afya, chaguo za matibabu, muda tangu mlipuko wa kwanza kutokea na sifa za idadi ya watu kama vile umri, jinsia, na afya kwa ujumla.
In late 2019, WHO assigned the emergency ICD-10 disease codes U07.1 for deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and U07.2 for deaths from clinically or epidemiologically diagnosed COVID-19 without lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
Mwishoni mwa 2019, WHO ilikabidhi misimbo ya ugonjwa ya dharura ya ICD-10 ambayo ni U07.1 kwa vifo vilivyotokana na maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2 yaliyothibitishwa kwenye mahabara na U07.2 kwa vifo kutokana na COVID-19 vilivyopimwa kimatibabu au kiepidimiolojia bila maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2 yaliyothibitishwa kwenye mahabari. Mgao wa vifo kulingana na visa unaakisi idadi ya vifo vikigawanywa na idadi ya visa vilivyopimwa ndani ya kipindi fulani cha wakati.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) as of 17 April 2020.
Kulingana na takwimu za Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins, mgao wa vifo kulingana na visa duniani ni asilimia 6.9 (153,822/2,240.191) hadi 17 Aprili 2020.