atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu xanuun qaadaha dhexe uu ka caawiyay fayruuska inuu gudbo xayndaabka noolaha ee inuu ku dhaco bini'aadanka ayaa waxay tahay mid aan la garanayn, jidka uu ugu gudbayana wali ma cada.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji, et al., waxay soo eedisay masasku inay yihiin kasoo qaadayaasha fayruuska fiidmaarta una soo gudbinayaan bini'aadanka kaas oo ay ku jirto isu gayn isu eg ee gudaha borotiinka S.
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
Marka loo eego daraasad, cilmi baarayaasha ku sugan Gangzhou, Shiinaha, waxay soo jeediyeen in qarandid, qudhaanja cunaha caanaha caba in badanaa loo isticmaalay daawa dhaqameedka Shiinaha - ay yihiin suurtagalnimada ugu dhaxaysa ee xanuun qaaadaha SARS-CoV-2 iyadoo lagu duulayo 99% hidde isu eegaha CoV ee lagu ogaaday qarandida iyo SARS-CoV-2.
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1% kala duwanaanshaha ayaa ku faafay dhamaan labo macluumaadka hidda sidaha ayaa wali ah kala duwaanasho wayn, sidaa daraadeed, natiijoyinka isku jira ee cadaymaha adag ayaa la sugayaa (Jaantuuska 33)
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
Hababka kiimiko muuqdaha ee SARS-CoV-2 ayaan wali si wayn loo aqoon.
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can survive in vitro for 48 hours in a dry environment and up to 5 days under 20 °C and 40%-50% humidity.
SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV waxay ku noolaan karaan vitro 48 saac jawi qalalan iyo ilaa 5 maalmood wixii ka hooseeya 20C iyo 40%-50% huurka.
SARS-CoV-2 may possess similar properties.
SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu lahaan karaa habab lamid ah.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat at 56 °C for 30 minutes; ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, chloroform, and other fatty solvents, but not chlorhexidine, can effectively inactivate the virus.
Waxa lasoo sheegay in SARS-CoV-2 uu xasaasiyad ku qabo shucaaca qoraxda iyo kulaylka 56C ee 30 daqiiqo gudahood, ether, 75% ethanol, caabuq dilaha uu ku jiro chlorine, aashitada paracetic, chloroform, iyo isku jir kale oo xaydh leh, laakiin aan ahayn chlorhexidine, waxay si wax ku ool ah u saari karaan fayruuska.
The entire human population generally lacks immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and hence is susceptible to the novel virus.
Guud ahaan dhamaan bulshada bini'aadanku waxay laadahay difaaca jirka ku aadan SARS-CoV-2 sidaa daraadeed waxay u nugulyihiin fayruuska cusub.
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
Waqti xaadirkan, ma jirto daraasad faahfaahsan oo lasoo sheegay oo ku salaysan ka jawaab celinta difaaca jir ahaaneed ee SARS-CoV-2
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
Sidaas awgeed, waxaanu tixraaci karnaa oo kaliya daraasadihii lasoo hore ee CoV yada kale, gaar ahaan SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV (Fig. (Fig.4)4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
Guud ahaan, kadib marka fayruuska soo weeraro xanuun qaadaha, marka kobaad waxaa aqoonsada habka difaaca dabiicga ah ee jirka ayadoo u muraysa qaab aqoonsi dareemayaal ah (PRR yo) oo ay ku jiraan C-type dareemayaal shabaha lectin, dareemayaal Toll-like (TLR) , dareemayaal NOD-Like (NLR) iyo dareemayaal RIG-l-like (RLR).
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
Iyadoo loo marayo dariiqyo kala duwan, fayruus ka ayaa ka dhigaa sababaha muujiya bararka, waynaanshaha unugyada neerfaha denderitic, iyo samaynta type I interferons (IFN yo) taasoo xakamaynaysa faafitaanka fayruuska iyo xawliga macrophage phagocoytosis ee antijiinka fayraska.
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
Si kasta ha ahaate, borotiinada N ee SARS-CoV ayaa ka caawin kara fayruuska in uu ka baxsado jawaab celinta difaaca jirka.
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
dhawaan, jawaab celinta la qabsiga difaaca jirka ayaa ku biiraysa dagaal ka lagula jiro fayruuska.
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
Dheecaanada dhiiga cad ee T oo ay ku jiraan unugyada CD4+ iyo CD8+ T waxay door muhiim ah ka qaataan difaaca.
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
Unugyada CD4+ waxay kiciyaan unugyada B si ay usoo saaraan anti-boodhiyo fayruus difaacida khaas u ah, iyo unugyda CD8+ T kuwaas si toos ah u dilla unugyada caabuqa fayruuska ka qaaday.
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
Caawiyayaasha unugyada T waxay soo saaraan kalmeeyaha bararitaanka unugyada cytokines si ay u caawiyaan difaacida unugyada.
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
Si kasta ha ahaatee, CoV wuxuu xakamayn karaa shaqooyinka unuga T asoogo ka dhigaya unugyada T kuwa dhinta.
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
Difaaca jirka aadamaha oo ay ku jiraan difaacayaasha sida C3a iyo C5a iyo anti-boodhiyo ayaa sidoo kale ah kuwa aasaas u ah la dagalaanka caabuqa fayruuska.
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
Tusaale ahaan, anti-boodhiyo laga soo baxshay bukaan bogsaday waxay dhexdhexaadiyeen MERS-CoV.
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
Dhinaca kale, la falgalida xad dhaaf ka ah ee habka difaaca jirka ayaa dhaliya unugyo badan oo isku si u shaqaynaya si maxali ah kuwaas oo u sababi kara wadnaha iyo xubno kale ba dhaawacyo halis ah, iyo, xaalada ugu xun,shaqayn la'aanta xubno badan iyo waliba dhimasho.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
Caabuqa SARS-CoV-2, oo laguu astaameeyay kooxeyn socota, ayaa u badan in caabuqa la qaadsiiya dadka da'ada ah ee qaba cuduro hore iyo haweenka uur ka ah
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
Waa wax caadi ah in dadka u nugul fayrasyo tirada badan ama kuwa shaqada difaacooda jirka aysan saraynin, waxay haystaa fursado aad u badan oo ah in la qaadsiiyo caabuqa marka la barbae dhigo kuwa kale.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
Celcelis ahaanta la qiyaasay ee mudadda xanaanada ee SARS-CoV-2 ayaa ah 1-14 maalmood, inta badan 3-7 maalmood sida laga soo xiganayo daraasadda 425 kiis ee u horeeyay Wuhan.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
Si kasta ha ahaatee, daraasad lagu sameeyay 1,099 kiis ayaa tilmaamaysa in ay mudadda xanaanada ahayd 3 malmood celcelis ahaan oo loo dhaxaysiiyay 0 ilaa 24 maalmood.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
Daraasad dheeri ah oo hadda ah, sida lagu qeexay kor, ayaa tilmaamaysa in ay mudadda xanaanada ay ahayd 4.8 (3.0-7.2) maalmood sida laga soo xiganayo tirakoobida 8,866 kiisas.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
Aad ayay muhiim ugu tahay madaxda caafimaadka in ay hagaajiyaan karantiil muddo ah oo waxtar leh ee inta badan mudadda saxda ah ee xanaanada, taas oo ka hortagaysa in la is qaadsin lakiin dadka aan calaamadaha muujinaynin u gudbinta fayraska dadka kale.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
Sida caadadaha ah, shaksiyaadka u nugul, ama kuwa qaaday, fayraska ayaa sida caadiga ah loo baahanyahay in la karantiilo 14 maalmood.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
Mudadda karantiilida miyaa loo kordhiyaa 24 maalmood?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Qandhada badanaa waa calaamadaha ugu waaweyn uguna horeeya ee COVID-19, midaas oo ay wehelin karaan calaamado la'aan ama calaamado kale sida qufac qalalan, neefsasho yaraan, murqo xanuun, caajis, madax xanuun, dhuun xanuun, dhiif badan, feedha xanuun, shuban, lalabo, iyo mataq.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
Bukaanada qaar waxay la tacaaleen neefsasho yaraan iyo oksijiinka oo ku yar jirkooda hal isbuuc uun ka dib bilaabashada cudurka
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Kiisaska halista ah, bukaanadu si dagdag ah ayay hormar uga sameeyaan in uu cudurku u hormaro astaamaha xanuunka ba'an ee hab neefsiga, caabuqa halw gabiya hal bawlayaasha, asid jidhka fadhiista iyo dhiig bixitaan.
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
Bukaanada qaba qandhada iyo/ama calaamadaha neef mareenka iyo qandho ba'an, xataa ayada oon la sawirin ciladaha xididadda wadnaha dhiiga geeya, waa in lagaa baaraa fayraska si daqso ah baadhitaano laguu sameeyo
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
Daraasad tirakoob ah oo la sameeyay dhamaadkii Diseembar 2019 ayaa tusisay in calaamadaha boqoleyda ahaayeen 98% oo qandha ah,78% oo ah qufac qalan, 55% neefsasho la'aan ah, iyo 3% shuban ah; 8% ka mid ah bukaanada waxay u baahnaanyeen tageerid neef-siineed.
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
Natiijooyin la mid ah ayaa lagu soo sheegay laba daraasadood oo hada ah oo koox qoys ah oo kooxda waxay sababtay gudbinta cudurka ee qof aan calaamadaha muujinaynin.
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
Barbar dhig ahaan, daraasadda tirakoobka ee 2012 ayaa tusaysa in bukaanada MERS-CoV sidoo kale ay qabaan qandho (98%), qufac qalalan (47%). iyo neefsasho yaraan (55%) ayaa ahaa calaamadaha ugu waaweyn.
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
Si kasta ha ahaate, 80% ka mid ah waxay u baahanyihiin tageero neef-siin, inta waxaa sii dheer bukaanada COVID-19 iyo khatarta u dhimashada MERS oo joogta ah marka la barbar dhigo COVID-19.
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
Shuban (26%) iyo dhuun xanuun (21%) sidoo kale waxaan aragnay bukaano qaba MERS.
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
Bukaanada SARS, waxaa la tilmaamay in ay qandhada ahayd (99%-100%), qufaca qalalan (29%-75%), neefsasha la'aanta (40%-2%), shuban (20%-25%) iyo dhuun xanuun (13%-25%) ay ahaayeen calaamadaha ugu waaweyn iyo taageero neef-siin ahaaneed oo qiyaas ahaaned ahayd 14%-20% bukaanada
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
Febraayo 14 keeda, dhimashada COVID-19 wuxuu ahaa 2% marka ay gaartay kiisaska la xaqiijiyay 66,576 caalamka oo dhan.
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
Isbarbar dhig ahaan, dhimashada SARS ee Nofeembar 2002 waa 10% oo kamid ah 8,096 ee kiisaska la xaqiijiyay.
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
MERS ahaan, ayadoo la tixraacayo tirakoob daraasadeed ee Juun 2012, dhimashada waxay ahayd 37% kamid ah 2,494 kiis oo la xaqiijiyay.
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
Daraasad hore ayaa shegtay in R0 ee SARS-CoV uu ka sareeyay 6.47 oo leh 95% barta kalsoonida (CI) ee 5.71-7.23, halka R0 ga SRAS-CoV kaliya loo dheexaysiiyay laga bilaabo 2 ilaa 4.
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
Isbarbar dhiga SARS-CoV-2 ee MERS-CoV-2 iyo SARA-CoV ayadoo la tixraacayo calaamadahooda, dhimashadooda, iyo R0 ayaa lagu soo bandhigay jadwalka Table1.1.
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
Jaantusyada sare waxay soo jeedinayaan in SARS-CoV-2 in uu leeyahay awood aad u saraysa oo u ku faafi karo marka la barbar dhigo MERS-CoV iyo SARS-CoV, lakiin ka dhimasha yar yahay labada danbe.
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Sidaas awgeed, aad ayay u adagtahay in la xakameeyo safmarka SARS-CoV-2 marka la barbar dhigo kuwa kale sida MERS-CoV iyo SARS-CoV.
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
Kooxeynta hadda socota ayaa badanaa dhacda qoys isku mid ah ama hal goob ama hal gaari sida markab safar ah.
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
Bukaanada leh taariikh safar ama daganaasho gudaha Wuhan ama goobaha kale ee la saameeyay ama la macaamilay dad caabuqa qaba ama bukaano labadii isbuuc ee hadda ahaa ka hor inta uusan bilaaban.
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
Si kasta ha ahaate, waxaa lasoo war galiyay in ay dadka qaadi karaan fayraska ayagoo oo aan waxa calaamada ah muujinaynin wax ka badan labo isbuuc iyo bukaanada la la daweeyay ee laga saaray isbitaalka way qaadi karaan fayraska mar kale, taas oo walaacinaysa in la dheereeyo waqtiga karantiilka.
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
Bukaanada waxay leeyihiin tirada unugyada udhaw dhiiga cas oo caadi ah ama hoos u dhacay (gaar ahaan unugyada dhiiga cas) marxalada hore.
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
Tusaale ahaan, hoos u dhaca tirada dhiiga cad <4x109/L oo ay ku jiraan tirada dhiiga cad 1×109/L, iyo kor u qaadista heerka aspartate aminotransferase iyo verimia ayaa laga helay 1,099 bukaanada COVID-19.
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
Heerka dheecaanka beerka iyo murqaha iyo myoglobin ayaa lagu kordhiyay dhiiga bukaanada qaar, iyo borotiinka falcelinta badan ee C iyo faaritaanka dhiiga cas ayaa lagu kordhiyay dhiiga inta badan bukaanada.
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
Bukaanada kiisaska khatarta ah leh, heerka D-dimmer, hoos udhaca wax soo saarka fibrin ee ku jira dhiiga , ayaa kor loo qaaday, iyo tirada dhiiga cad oo si hormar leh hoos loogu dhigay
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
Ciladaha sawirista feedhaha ayaa laga helay in badan bukaanada COVID-19 ayagoo lagu astaameeyay hoosas yar oo lab gees ah ama iftiin la'aanta wadnaha.
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Bukaanada badanaa waxaa dhaca burunkiito isu eeg, dhaawac ba'an oo wadnaha ah, calaamdo dhibaato ba'aan oo ah hab-neefsiga (ARDS).
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
Marka ARDS ay dhacaan, barar aan la xakamayn karin, isu aruurida dheecaano, .iyo burooyiin koraya ayaa si khatar ah khalkhal galiya neefsashada
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
Ciladaha shaqayn la'aanta xubnaha ee type-I and type-II pneumocytes waxay hoos u dhigayaan heerka hoos udhigaaysha oo waxay waliba kor uqaadaan xiisada aaga, midaas oo hoos u dhigaysa awooda wadnaha uu ku kala fidhi lahaa taas tusmaynaysa khatar dhimashada wadnaha.
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
Sidaas awgeed, natiijooyinka ugu xun ee ee sawir ka qaadida d
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
18kii Febraayo, 2020, taxliilin shaybaar ee COVID-19 ayaa muujisay ciribtirka pneumocytes, samayska xuubka hyaline, iyo isdhexgalitaanka unugyada dhiiga cad, iyo unugyada syncytial oo xudumo badan leh ee wadnaha bukaanka kaasoo u dhintay cudurka, joogtada baaritaanada shaybaar ee caabuq fayras iyo ARDSiyo ayaa la mid ah bukaanada SARS iyo MERS.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Ogaanshaha SARS-CoV-2 RNA iyadoo loo marayo silsiladda falcelinta ee reverse-transcriptase polymerase (RT-PCR) ayaa loo isticmaali jiray shuruuda .ugu weyn ee baadhitaanka COVID-19
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
Si kasta ha haate, sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee beenta ah, taasoo xawli galin karta cudurka saf-mareenka ah, muujimaha caafimaad ahaaneed ee la bilaabay in loo isticmaalo baadhitaanada (kaas oo aan si gaar ah la isugu halayn karin RT-PCR) gudaha Shiinaha Febraayo 13, 2020.
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
.Xaalad la mid ah ayaa ku dhacday sidoo kale oo laga baadhayo SARS
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
Sidaas awgeed, isku dhafka taariikhda xudurka,muujimaha caafimaad ahaaned, tijaabooyinka shaybaar iyo natiijoyinka sawirtaan ayaa ah kuwa aasaasi ah oo lama huraan ah si looga dhigo baadhtaanka ku wax tar leh.
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
Febraayo 14, 2020, kooxda Feng Zhang ayaa qeexay boqotokool ka loo isticmaalayo farsamadda SHERLOCK ee ku salayn CRISPR si loo ogaado SARS-CoV-2, kasoo ogaada samayska SARS-CoV-2 RNA jajabka 20 x 10- 18mol/L ilaa 200 x 10- 18 mol/L (10-100 nuqul microliter kasta oo suaal ah) ayadoo la isticmaalayo ul dheer in ka yar hal saac ayada oo aan loo baahnayn qalabayn weyn.
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
Si rajo leh, farsamadda cusub ayaa si lama filaan ah kor ugu qaadi karta xasaasiyada iyo ku haboonaanta hadii lagu xaqiijiyo tijaabooyinka caafimaad.
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
Sababta ah khibrad la'aanta ee CoV cusub, dhakgaatiirtu waxay badanaa siin karaan uun bukaanada COVID-19 daryeel tageero ahaaneed, halka ay isku dayayaan daaweyno kala duwan taaso horey loo isticmaalay ama lasoo jeediyay ka hor daaweynta ee CoV yada kale sida SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV iyo cudurada fayska ah (Jadwadka (Table20.2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
Daawaywaha ayaa waxaa ka mid ah suurtagalnimadda in hadda lagu daweeyo daawooyinka la dagaalankan fayraska, xakameeyayaasha awoodda difaaca, steroid yo, plasma da bukaanada bogsaday, daawada China iyo taageero maskax ahaaneed.
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
Xataa plasma ha bukaanada bogsaday ayaa lasoo jeediyay inn loo isticmaalo daawo ahaan.
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
Shirkadaha daawooyinka sameeya ayaa ku tartamaya in ay hagaajinya antiboodhiyo iyo talaalo looga hortago fayraska.
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 badanaa wuxuu ku dhacaa wadnaha bilawga hore sidoo kale wuxuu ku dhacaa ku awooda yar, xubnaha kale ee qeexa ACE2, habka sidaxiidhmaha caloosha iyo kalyaha.
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
Si kasta hanoqotee, shaqayn la'aanta habka neefsiga iyo dhimashadooda ayaa ah cabsida ugu weyn ee bukaanka oo ah mida ugu weyn ee sababta dhimashada.
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
Sidaas awgeed, taageerada neefsiga waa mid halis ah in ay ka baaba'aan calaamaduhu oo ay nafna badbaadiso oo ay ku jiraan guud ahaan ku daaweynta oksijiinka,qulqulka oksijiin badan, iyadoo oo aan qalab lagalin si neef loo siiyo, iyo iyadoo qalab farsamo ahaan la galinayo sii neef loo siiyo ayadoo ku xiran halista cudurka.
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
Bukaanada qaba calaamadaha halista ah ee hab neefsiga waa in lagu kaaba extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). kaas oo ah hab la cusboonaysiiyay ee farsamada mariinka xididaha shaqada gabay oo loo isticmaalo daaweynta hawl gabka xidida dhiiga wadnaha geeyo oo nafta halis galiya ama hawl gabka habka neefsiga
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Intaas waxaa dheer, joogtaynta dheelitirka electrolyte, ka hortagista iyo daawaynta caabuqyada heerka sare iyo caabuqa hawlgabiya unugyada, iyo difaacista shaqada halbawlaha muhiimka ah ayaa sidoo kale u ah aasaasi bukaanada SARS-CoV-2.
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
Waxaa la ogaaday in cytokine storm uu ka dhasho falcelin xad dhaaf ah oo ka yimaada nidaamka difaaca jirka ee bukaanada SARS iyo MERS.
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
Cytokine storm waa nooc falcelinta xanuunka nidaamsan oo ay ka dambayso sii daynta taxane cytokine ah oo ay ku jiraan TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
cytokine-yadan waxay sababaan inay unugyada difaacu ii daayaan tira badan oo radical ah kuwaas oo ah sababta u wayn ee ARDS iyo hawlgabka unugyo badan.
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
Hoos u dhigida difaca jirka wuxuu aasaasi u yahay daawaynta cytokine storms, gaar ahaan bukaanada liita.
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
Corticosteroid iyo tocilizumb, waa anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu daweeyo cytokine dhaqaaqa.
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Daawaynta difaac yareeyaha kale ee dhaqaaq cytokine waxaa ku ira xakamaynta unug tooska ah ee T ee falcelinta difaaca; awditaanka IFN-y, IL-1, iyo TNF; xanibida JAK; blinatumomab; cadaadiyaha cytokine kaas oo tusaya 4; iyo xanibaha HDAC.
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Steroids, difaac yareeye ahaan, waxaa si balaadhan loogu isticmaalay daawaynta SARS si hoos loogu dhigo ba'naanta dhaawaca xanuunka.
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, steroid-yada waxbadan laga qaatay faaiido maysan u lahayn dhaawaca ba'an ee sanbabada ee bukaanada SARS iyo COVID-19.
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
Taa badalkeed, waxay sababi karaan saamayn dhinac kale oo ba'an, gaar ahaan avascular osteonecrosis, iyadoo si wayn u saamaynaysa saadaalinta sababta cudurka.
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Si lamid ah, xaaladaha gaaban ee corticosteroids ee daawooyinka hoos ilaa dhexaad ayaa lagu taliyay in loo isticmaalo si taxadar leh bukaanada aadka u il daran ee COVID-19.
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
Waqtiga qoraalka, ma jiraan daawayn fayruus ka hortag oo shaqaynaysa oo la xaqiijiyay.
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daawada xididka layska siiyo ee ay la socoto remdesivir, oo ah nucleotide analog, ayaa la ogaaday in guul lagaga gaaray bukaanada Maraykanka ee qaba COVID-19.
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
Remdesivir waa daawo fayruus ka hortag oo cusub oo ay soo saareen Gilead horaan ay ugu talagaleen daweynta cudurada ay sababeen Ebola iyo fayruusyada Marlburg.
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
Mar danbe, remdesivir wuxuu sido kale muujiyay xakamayn suurtagal ah ee fayruusyada gal xariga RNA ee kale oo ay ku jiraan fayruusyada MERS iyo SARS.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
Iyadoo kuwan lagu salaynayo, Gilead wuxuu goobta keenay Shiinaha si ay u sameeyaan dhawr tijaabo oo ku saabsan dadkuu ku dhacay SARS-CoV-2, natiijooyinka aad ayaa loo raaynayaa.
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
Intaas waxaa dheer, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, iyo ribavirin waxaa lasoo jeediyay inay yihiin daawaynta suurtagalka ah ee bukaanada qaba calaamadaha xanuunka neef-mareenka ba'an.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Shuban, lalabo, mantag, dhaawaca wadnaha, iyo falcelino kasii daran ayaa dhici kara iyagoo la socdo daawayn laysu geeyay oo ledh lopinavir/ritonavir.
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
Isdhexgalka daawayntan ay la leedahay daawooyinka kale ee loo isticmaalay bukaanada waa in si taxadar leh loo korjoogteeyaa.
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
Plasma laga keenay bukaanada bogsooday iyo jiilka antibody
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
Soo ururinta dhiiga bukaanada ka bogsaday cudur fidaya si loogu daaweeyo bukaanada kale ee la xanuunsan isla cudurkii mise si looga hortago dadka caafimaadka qaba inuu cudurku ku dhaco waxay lahayd taariikh dheer.
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
Xaqiiqdii, bukaanada bogsaday inta badan waxay leeyihiin heer sare oo antibody-yaal ah kaas oo ay kaga difaacayaan caabuqa dhiigooda.
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
Antibody-yaasha waxaa weeye immunoglobin (Ig) ay soo saareen dhiiga cad ee B si ay ula dagaalamaan caabuqyada iyo shay'yada kale ee banaanka ka yimaada waxayna aqoonsadaan cuf gaar ah oo ku jria caabuqa si toos ah ayayna u dilaan.
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
Ayado kusalaysan midan, plasma ayaa laga aruuriyay dhiiga koox bukaana ah kuwaas oo ka bogsaday COVID-19 waxaana lagu duray 10 bukaan oo aad u xanuunsanaa.
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
Calaamadahooda way kasoo reeyeen 24 saacadood gudahood, waxaana waheliya barar hoos u dhacay iyo awooda fayraska iyo kor u qaadista oksijiinka dhiiga ku jira.
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
Si kasta ha ahaate, cadaynta iyo qeexida waa muhiim si loo soo jeediyo hab si baahsan loo isticmaalo ka hor inta daaweynta gaarka ah aan wali lasoo saarin.
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
Intaas waxaa dheer, saamaynta daaweynta la siiyay, dhibaatooyinka qaar ayaa la halmaala plasma ga waa in la tixgaliyaa si taxadar leh.
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
Tusaale ahaan, anti-bodhiga wuxuu si xad dhaaf ah u kicin karaa jawaab celinta habka difaaca jirka oo wuxuu sababi karaa calaamadaha siidaynta cytokine, taas oo suurta gal ah in sunteeda nafta halis galiso.
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
Anti-bodhiga jidhka ku jiraa ayaa ah badaana mid hooseeya, baahinda loo qabo plasma na waa mid balaaran si ay u daaweyso bukaanada xanuunsan.
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
Way adagtahay in la sameeyo oo lasoo saaro anti-boodhiyo gaar ah si dagdag ah oo ku filan si loo la dagaalamo cudurka saf-mareenka ah ee aduunka ku baahay.
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
Siaas awgeed, way adagtahay in si toos ah looga saaro unugyada B bukaanada bogsaday oo la cadeeyo lambarka hida sidaha iyadoo la galinayo anti-bo0dhiyo wax tar leh ama shaashad leh anti-boodhiyo wax tar leh kaaso lagula dagaalmi karo borotiinka fayrask aasaaska u ah.
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
.Habkan, waxaan qiyaasi karnaa soo saarista anti-boodhiga
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
TCM ayaa loo isticmaaalay in lagu daweeyo cuduro kala duwan gudaha Shiinaha kumanaan sanno.
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
Si kasta ha ahaatee, saamaynteeda wax si aad ah ugu tiirsantahay isku dhafnaanta qaabka kasoo isbadalla asagoo ku tiirsan baadhitaanka cudurka oo ku salaysan fikradaha TCM.
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
Shayyaasha badanaa waxtarka leh waa kuwa aan la aqoon ama waa kuwa feeg ah oo way adagtahay in lasoo saaro oo la xaqiijiyo shayyaashaas oo kale ama isku dhafka ugu wanaagsan.
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
Hadda, sababtoo ah la'aanta daaweyn waxtar leh oo khaas u ah COVID-19, TCM ayaa noqotay ikhtiyaarka ugu wayn ee daaweynta bukaanada kuwaas oo qaba calaamado yaryar ilaa kuwa dhexe ama kuwa kasoo kabsaday heerar halis ah.
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
Tusaale ahaan, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules ayaa loo arkay in ay waxtar u leeyihiin daaweynta COVID-19
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
Heerka daawada ugu sareeya ee daaweynta COVID-19 ayaa lagu arkay gobolo badan oo Shiinaha ah kuwaas oo isticmaalay TCM 87% bukaanadooda, oo ay ku jiraan Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), iyo Hunan (50%), halka gobolka Hubei, oo isticmaashay TCM oo kaliya 30% oo kamid ah bukaankooda COVID-19, ay heleen heerka ugu hooseeyay ee dawada (13%).
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
Si kasta ha noqtee, midan waa isbarbar dhig aad u yar xun sida ay asbaabo kale saameeyaan sida tirada iyo halista bukaanada waa in lagu daraa qiimaynta.
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
Febraayo 18,2020, Boli Zhang iyo kuwa ay shaqa wadaag yihiin ayaa daabacay daraasad isbarbar dhigaya daaweynta daawada reer galbeedka (WM) kaliya iyoisku dhafka daaweynta WM iyo TCM.
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
Waxay arkeen waqtiyada u jirkaaga u baahna kaso kabsashada heerkulka, calaamadaha oo aan muuqan, iyo daaweynta ayaa si wax ku ool ah uga gaabnaa kooxda WM+TCM marka loo eego koxda WM oo kaliya.
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
Si cajiib ah, heerka soo xumaanaya ee dadka calaamadaha muujiyay (heer fudud ilaa heer halis ah) ayaa ahaa mid si wax ku ool ah uga hooseeya kooxda WM+TCM marka loo eego kooxda WM kaliya (7.4)% oo kasoo horjeeda 46%) dhimashaduna way ka hooseysay kooxda WM+TCM marka loo eego MW oo kaliya (8.8% oomka soo horjeeda 39%).
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
Si kasta ha noqotee, waxtarka iyo bad-qabka TCM wali waxay sugaysaa tijaabooyin aad loo xakameeyay siyaabo badan iyo xarumo badan.
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
Sidoo kale waxay noqon doontaa mid soo jiidasho leh in astaameeyo ficilada farsamada mashiin ahaaneed iyo in la cadeeyo waxtarka shayyaasha daaweynta ee TCM ama isku dhafkooda hadii ay suuragal tahay.
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
Bukaanada looga shakiyay ama kuwa qaba COVID-19 badanaa waxay la tacaalaan cabsida weyn ee cudurkan faafida badan iyo waliba u dhimashada cudurka, sidoo kale dadka karantiilan waxay la tacaalaan caajis, kalinimo, iyo xanaaq.
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
Intaas waxaa dheer, calaamadaha caabuqa sida qandho, oksijiin la'aanta jidhka, iyo qufac sidoo kale saamaynta ba'an ee daaweynta sida hurdo la'aanta oo ay sababtay corticosteroids ayaa sababi kara walaac badan iyo xanuun dimirka ah
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
Marxaladaha hore ee dilaaca SARS, qaybo xanuunad dhimirka oo ay ku jiraan isla hadal joogta ah, walaaca, cabsida, asalka cudurada dhimirka, calaamadaha waalida, cudurada sababa dagaan la'aan masxakeed iyo waliba isdilid ayaa lasoo sheegay.
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
Tabagalka xiriirada qasabka ah iyo kariintiilida, iyadoo ka mid ka jawaab celinta caafimaadka dad weynaha ee dilaacitaanka COVID-19, ayaa ka dhigi kara dadka kuwa aad uga walaacsan oo dambiile ku ah saamaynta kusaabsan cudurkan faafida badan, iyo dhaleecaynta qoysaskooda iyo asxaabtooda.
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
Sidaas awgeed, daryeelka caafimaadka maskexeed waa in la siiyo bukaanada COVID-19, dadka laga shakisanyahay, iyo dadka la macaamilay kuwaas iyo waliba dad waynaha kuwaas oo u baahan.
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
Tageerada baadhitaanada shaybaar waa in lagu daro samaynta kooxyo isku dhaf ah ee caafimaadka maskaxda, isgaarsiin cad ee la socodsiinta dilaaca iyo qorshayaasha daaweynta SARS-CoV-2 oo joogta ah hufana iyo isticmaalida qalabyo elektoroniga ah oo xirfad leh iyo dhaqan galinta ka taxadarida kala isu dhawaanshaha midba midka kle.
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
Talaalo waxtar leh ayaa aasaas u ah la dagaalanka silsiladda ka gudbinta kudurka illaha cudurka ee xayawaan iyo bina adam qaba caabuqa ilaa iyo xanuun qaadaha u nugul iyo badanaa kordhinta daaweynta fayraska iyadoo la xakamaynayo cuduradda saf-mareenka ah ee sababeen fayrasyada soo baxaya.
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
Dadaalo ayaa sameeyay sidii loo samayn lahaa talaalo ku salayn borotiin S si ay u dhaliso muddo-dheer iyo dhexdhexaadin awood leh ee anti-boodhiyada iyo/ama ka difaacida SARS-CoV difaaca jirka.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
Talaalada la dagaalanka fayraska ayaa lagu qiimeeyay nooc xayaawaan ah ee SARS
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
Si kasta ha noqotee, waxtarka ay ku dhex leedahay dadka talaalkan qaatay ee dadka da'da ah iyo qaybaha khatar la loolanka ah iyo ka ilaalinta ka qaadiska caabuqa fayraska xoolaha ayaa wali ah in la goaamiyo inta aan la bilaabin daraasad caafimaad ahaaneed
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
Tani waxaa sabab u ah SARS wuxuu hoos udhacay 17 sano ka hor oo majiraan kiisas cusub oo ila hadda lasoo sheegay.
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
Marka la barbar dhigo, kiisaska aan joogtada ahayn iyo qaybo MERS ah waxa wadaan in ay ku dhacaan Barigga Dhexe oo ay kusii faafan gobolo kale ayagoo leh illo xollo ka qaaditaanka cudurka oo joogto ah ee gudaha goobahaas.
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
Waxaa lasoo saaray istaraatijiyo talaalis oo loogu talagalay MERS ayadoo loo isticmaalayo fayras aan shaqaynayn, DNA plasmid yo, qalabka hida sidaha lagu qaado, nanoparticles, shayyaal la mid ah fayras iyo isku dhafyada cutubyada yar ee borotiin kuwa qaar na waxaa lagu qimeeyay cutub xayawaan ah.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
Soo saarista talaal bad-qab iyo wartar lehoo lagula dagaalamo SARS-CoV-2 ee loogu talagalay dadka aan qabin difaac jireed oo kufilan ayaa ah mid dagdag ah iyo ah shaqa adag si loo xakameeyo saf-mareenka socda.
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
Si kasta ha noqtee, way adagtahay in laga adkaado dhibaatooyinka sababtoo ah mudadda dheer (celcelis ahaan ah 18 bilood) ee loo baahnaa hormarinta talaalka iyo kala duwaanasha jiraa ee CoV yada.
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
Sida cudurka cusub, COVID-19 ayaa uun bilaabay in uu kasoo muuqdo si cad baadhitaanada caafimaad oo dhamaystiran kumanaan bukaano ah.
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
Kiisaska badanaa, bukaanadu waxay si tartiib tartiib ah uga soo kabtaan la'aanta caqabadaha xanuunada hore.
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
Si kasta ha noqotee, ku la mid ah SARS iyo MERS, COVID-19 sidoo kale waa cudur la xariira siyaadida dadka cuduro dheeraad ah qaba iyo dhimasha bukaan socodka qaba kiisaska cakiran.
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
Sidaas awgeed dhisida qaab fikir ka dhiibashada daryeelka cafimaad ee cudurka ayaa u ah aasaas hay'adaha daryeelka caafimaad in ay muhiimad siiyaan adeegooda, gaar ahaan goobaha khayraadka ku yaryahay.
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
Iyadoo lagu salaynayo daraasaadka caafimaadka ee lasoo sheegay ilaa hadda, qodobada soo socda waxay saamayn karaan ama lala xiriirin karaan fikrad daryeelka caafimaad ee bukaanada xanuunka COVID-19 (Jadwalka 33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
Da'da: Da'du waxay ahayd qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee sababta xanuunka SARS, kaas oo sidoo kale run u ah COVID-19.
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
COVID-19 inta badan wuxuu ku dhacaa da'da 30-65 iyadoo 47.7% kamid ah bukaanada ay ka waynyihiin 50 daraasad lagu sameeyay 8,866 kiisas sida kor lagu xusay.
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Bukaanada u baahnaa daryeelka dedegga waxay u badnaayeen inay horay ula tacaalayeen xanuuna kale iyo xaalada ba'an waxayna si wayn uga waynaayeen kuwa aan lahayn (da'da dhexe ee 66 la barbardhigay 51), taas oo soo jeedinaysa da'da inay tahay qodob sabab u ah natiijada bukaanada COVID-19.
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
Galmada: SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu ku dhacay rag badan marka loo eego haweenka (0./100,000 la barbardhigay 0.27/100,000) sida kor lagu xusay.
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
daryeelka degdegga ayaa u badan inay la xanuunsadaan dhaawac wadnaha oo daran iyo wadna garaac aan caadi ahayn.
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
Dhacdooyinka wadnaha ayaa sidoo kale ahaa sababta ugu wayn ee dhimashada bukaanada SARS.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
Waxaa lasoo sheegay in SARS-CoV-2 inuu sidoo kale ku dhagi karo ACE2-posittive cholangiocytes, kaas oo sababi kara hawlgabka wadnaha ee bukaanada COVID-19.
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
Waxay tahay in la ogaado in da'da iyo xanuuka sii jira ay si xoogan isula xiriiraan ayna isfaragelin karaan.