atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
In ka badan 30% bukaanada qaba calaamadaha xiidmaha caloosha, sida shuban iyo mataq.
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
Sida Febraayo 14, 2020 la xusay, in ka badan 2500 shaybaar oo kiisaskooda la xaqiijiyay ayaa lagu soo waramay in ay leeyihiin kiisas dhimasho oo sareeya oo ah 34.4%, kaas oo ka dhigaya MERS-CoV mid ka mid ah fayrasyada ugu baabi'intanbadan inta bina aadamka ogyahay.
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Inta lagu jiray bartamaha ilaa dhamaadka Diseembar 2019, kooxo bukaano ah o qaba burukiito ayaa si qiyaas qaadasho ah la ogaaday in ay la halmaalaan caabuqa SARS-CoV-2 ayaa lagu arkay gudaha Wuhan, Gobalka Hubei, Shiinaha.
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
Hay'ada Caafimaadka Aduunka ayaa shaacisay dilaacitaanka socda ee caabuqa tuubooyinka hoose ee neef-mareenka oo uu sababay SARS-CoV-2 oo ah Xaalad Degdeg ah ee Caafimaadka Dadweynaha ee Walaaca Caalamiga ah oo sidoo kale na lagu magacaabay cudurka COVID-19.
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
Laga bilaabo Maarso 3, 2020, 90,053 kiis ayaa la xaqiijiyay aduun waynaha oo dhan, oo leh kiis dhimasho oo ah 3.4%.
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
Si xusitaan mudan, kiiska dhimashada ee Hubei, Shiinaha waa 4.2%, halka kan ka baxsana uu yahay 1.2%
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu sababaa caabuqa neef-mareenka ee ba'an sida SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV, loo muujiyo sida qandho ahaan, qufac iyo yaraanta oksijiin.
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
Shuban ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay bukaanada qaar.
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Burukiitadu waa mid ka mid ah calaamaha aadka u ba'an si xawli ah wuxuuna si dhaqso leh ugu gudbi karaa xanuunka ba'an ee neef-mareenka.
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
Inkastoo SARS-CoV iyo SARS-CoV-2 ay leeyihiin isku eekaansho badan isku mid ahaanshaha taxanaha nucleotide oo ah 82%, waxay u qaybiyaan moocyo kala duwan oo ah geedka kooxeynta isbadallada noolaha.
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 ayaa sida cad ka jeermis yar balse ka faafi og marka la barbardhigo SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV.
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
Maadooyinka aan muujinaynin calaamadaha caabuqa SARS-CoV-2 ayaa la soo sheegay lagana yaabaa in ay ka qayb qaadan karaan faafitaankiisa xawliga ah ee aduunka oo dhan.
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
Isbarbardhiga iyo kala saarista SARS-CoV-2 ee lixda HCoV yada kale ayaa soo saaray isku mid ahaanshooyin iyo kala duwaanshooyin mudnaanta weyn.
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
Ugu horeyn, mudadda uusan soo bixin iyo inta lagu jiro mudadda cudurka waa mid aad isugu eeg.
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
Sidaas daraadeed, SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu raaca isbadallada guud ahaaneed ee lixda HCoV yada kale.
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
Marka labaad, halista calaamadaha COVID-19 waxay u dhaxaysaa SARS-CoV iyo afarta HCoV yada ay bulshada isqaadsiiso (tusaale ahaan HCoV-2229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 iyo HCoV-NL63).
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
Dhinaca kale, waxaa la arkay inta lagu jiray caabuqa bulshada isqaadsiiso ee HCoVs, oo ay ku jiraan soo bandhigida aan khaas ka ahayn , kuwa fudud ama xata calaamad la'aanta ah.
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
Dhinaca kale, qaybaha yaryar ee kiisaska ba'an ee COVID-19 ayaa sidoo la arki karaa sida kiiska caabuqa SARS-CoV oo kale, inkastoo saamiga uu xoggaa yaryahay.
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
Mida seddexaad, gudbinta SARS-CoV-2 waxay sidoo kale muujineysaa astaamo xiisa leh oo caan ku ah labada bulsho helaan HCoVs iyo SARS-CoV labaduba.
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
Dhinaca kale, awooda gudbin ahaaneed ee SARS-CoV-2 ayaa ah ugu yaraan mid saraysa sida tan HCoV yada ay bulshadu isqaadsiiso.
On the other hand, it remains to be verified whether the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 decreases after passages in humans as in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Dhinaca kale, wali waa in la xaqiijiyaa in awooda gudbin ahaaneed ee SARS-CoV-2 ay hoos u dhacdo kadib marka ay u gudubto bina adamka sida kiisaska SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV.
Finally, same as the other HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in fecal samples.
Ugu dambeyn, kuwa kale oo la mid HCoV yada, SARS-CoV-2 ayaa laga heli karaa sambalada saxarada
Whether fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role as in the case of SARS-CoV at least under some circumstance remains to be clarified by future studies.
In gudbinta SARS-CoV-2 ee saxaro afka laga qaatay ah ay door muhiim ka qaadatay sida kiisaska SARS-CoV ugu yaraan duruufaha qaar kood waa in wali lagu xaqiijiyaa daraasaddaha mustaqbalka
It is also of particularly great interest to see whether SARS-CoV-2 might exhibit seasonality as in the cases of community-acquired HCoVs.
Sidoo kale si gaar ah oo mudnaan weyn leh waa in loo arkaa in SARS-CoV-2 laga yaabo inay muujiso kala duwanaansho muddo ahaaneed sida kiisaska bulshada helaan HCoVs.
Nevertheless, the features of SARS-CoV-2 including its transmissibility, pathogenicity and sustainable spreading after passages in humans will be influential on the ultimate fate of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.
Si kastaba ha ahaate, astaamaha SARS-CoV-2 oo ay ku jiraan awoodideeda gudbin ahaaneed, mida jeermis ahaaneed iyo faaftiaankeeda waaraa kadib marka ay u gudubto bina aadamka ayaa noqon doona saamaynaha ugu danbeeya ee dilaacistaanka socota ee COVID-19.
All four community-acquired HCoVs causing mild symptoms have been well adapted to humans.
Dhamaan afarta HCoVs ee bulshadu heleen kaaso sababaya calaamado fudud ayaa si wanaagsan bina aadamku ula qabsaday.
From another perspective, it might also be true that humans have been well adapted to these four HCoVs.
Dhinaca kale marka la eego, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay run noqoto in uu bina aadamka si wanaagsan ula qabsaday afartan HCoVs.
In other words, both could be the survivors of ancient HCoV pandemics.
Marka si kale loo dhigo, labaduba waxay noqon karaan ka badbaadayaasha HCoV ga faafa ee qadiimiga ah.
HCoVs that cause severe diseases in humans and humans who developed severe HCoV diseases have been eliminated.
HCoV yada u sababa bina adamka cuduradda halista ah iyo bina aadamka lagu arkay cuduradda halista ah ee HCoV ayaa la ciribtiray.
For this to happen, HCoVs have to replicate in humans to sufficient extent to allow the accumulation of adaptive mutations that counteract host restriction factors.
Si ay tan u dhacdo, waa in uu ku tarmaa bina aadamka ilaa xad ku filan oo u ogalaanaysa la qabsasho isbadallada korrin guud taas oo la dagaalanta asbaabaha xayiraadeed ee xanuun-sidaha.
In this sense, the longer the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak persists and the more people that it infects, the greater chance that it will fully adapt to humans.
Dareenkan, dheeraanshaha sii adkaysiga dilaacitaanka SARS-CoV-2 iyo dadka badan ee caabuqa qaadaya, waa fursadaha ugu waaweyn ee si wanaagsan ula qabsan karto bina aadamka.
If it adapts well, its transmission in humans would be difficult to stop by quarantine or other infection control measures.
Haddi ay ula qabsato si fiican, u gudbitaankeeda bina aadamka way adkaan doontaa in ay joojiso karantiilka ama talaabooyinka kale ee xakamaynta caabuqa kale.
For many years, the four community-acquired CoVs circulate in human populations, triggering common cold in immunocompetent subjects.
Sanaddo badan, afarta CoVs ee bulshada heleen oo ku wareegsan bay'ada bina aadamka ayagoo ku kicinaya hargab dadka difaacooda jirka fiicanyahay.
These viruses do not need an animal reservoir.
Fayrasyadana uma baahna xayawaan kaydiya ah.
In contrast, highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have not adapted to humans well and their transmission within humans cannot be sustained.
Marki la is barbardhigo, jeermiska badan ee SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV maysan la qabsanin bina aadamka si wanaagsan u gudbitaankooda aadanaha lama kala joojin karo.
They need to maintain and propagate in their zoonotic reservoirs and seek the chance to spillover to susceptible human targets, possibly via one or more intermediate and amplifying hosts.
Waxay rabaan inay ilaashadaan oo ay sii faafiyaan kaydiyayaashooda cuduradda xoolaha bina aadamka qaadsiiyaan oo ay raadiyaan fursado ay ugusii qulqulaan bina aadamka u nugul ee bartilmaameedka u ah, ayagoo isticmaalaya hal ama laba jidad dhexeeya ah iyo sii kordhinta xanuun-sidaha.
SARS-CoV-2 has features that are similar to both SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs.
SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu leeyahay calaamdo la mid ah kuwa SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV labadaba iyo afarta HCoV yo ee bulshadu isqaadsiisay.
It is highly transmissible like community-acquired HCoVs, at least for the time being.
Waa mid aad laisugu gudbin karo sida HCoVs ay bulshada heshay, ugu yaraan waqti la joogo.
However, it is more pathogenic than community-acquired HCoVs and less pathogenic than SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way ka jeermis badantahay HCoVs bulshada hesho wayna ka jeermis yartahay SARS-CoV ama MERS-CoV.
It remains to be seen whether it will adapt fully to humans and circulate within humans without a reservoir or intermediate animal host.
Wali waa la sugayaa in la arko inay si buuxda ula qabsanayso aadanaha oo uu ku wareegayo bini aadamka dhexdiisa isagoon lahayn kayd mise xayaawanka xanuun-side dhexdhexaad ah.
Before discussing the animal origins of HCoVs, it will serve us well to discuss the definitions and characteristics of evolutionary, natural, reservoir, intermediate and amplifying hosts of HCoVs.
Ka hor intaynaan ka hadlin asalka xoolaha HCoV yada, waxaa inagu fiicnaan lahaa inaan ka hadalno qeexitaanada iyo dabeecadaha isbedbedalka, dabiiciga, kaydka, xanuun qaadaha xoojinaya iyo dhexdhexaadka ee HCoV yada.
An animal serves as the evolutionary host of an HCoV if it harbours a closely related ancestor sharing high homology at the level of nucleotide sequence.
Xayawaanku wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sida martigeliyaha isbeddelka ee HCoV hadii uu hoy siiyo quruuma hore oo si dhaw ula xiriira iyagoo wadaagaya isu eekaanso sare heerka taxanaha nucleotide.
The ancestral virus is usually well adapted and non-pathogenic in this host.
Fayruuska hore si caadi ah ayuu ula qabsaday jeermisna kuma laha xanuun qaadahan.
Likewise, a reservoir host harbours HCoV continuously and for long term.
Sidoo kale, keydka xanuun qaadaha wuxuu hoy siinayaan HCoV si joogta ah oo waliba muddo dheer.
In both cases, the hosts are naturally infected and are the natural hosts of HCoV or its parental virus.
Labada xaaladoodba, xanuun qaadayaasha si dabiiciyan ah ayuu ugu dhacay waana xanuun qaadayaasha dabiiciga ah ee HCoV ama fayruuska ay kasoo farcantay.
In contrast, if the HCoV is newly introduced to an intermediate host right before or around its introduction to humans, it is not well adapted to the new host and is often pathogenic.
Taa badelkeeda, hadii HCoV si cusub loogu gudbiyo xanuun qaade dhexdhexaad ah waxyar ka hor misane u dhawaadka marka loo gudbinayo aadanaha, si fiican ulama qabsanin xanuun qaadaha cusub inta badane jeermis ayuu leeyahay.
This intermediate host can serve as the zoonotic source of human infection and play the role of an amplifying host by allowing the virus to replicate transiently and then transmitting it to humans to amplify the scale of human infection.
Xanuun sidaha dhexdhexaadka ah wuxuu noqon karaa isha cudurada xoolaha ee bini aadamka qaadsiiyaan ee caabuqa aadanaha wuxuuna ciyaari karaaa doorka xoojinta xanuun sidaha isagoo u ogolaanaya fayraska inuu tarmo mudo gaaban kadibna oo uu ugudbo bini aadamka si uu u xoojiyo ballaca caabuqa aadanaha.
An HCoV can undergo a dead-end infection if it cannot sustain its transmission within the intermediate host.
HCoV wuxuu mari karaa caabuq daba dhaamada hadii uusan ku noolaan karin xanuun sidaha dhexdhexaadka ah.
On the contrary, HCoVs can also adapt to the intermediate host and even establish long-term endemicity.
Taas kasoo horjeedkeeda, HCoVs waxay sidoo kale la qabsan karaan xanuun qaadaha dhexe iyo waliba inay abaabulaan meel gooni ku eekaansho muddo dheer.
In this case, the intermediate host becomes a natural reservoir host.
Xaaaladan oo kale, xanuun qaadaha dhexe wuxuu noqonayaa kaydiye xanuun qaade dabiici ah.
Epidemiological data revealed retrospectively that the index case of SARS had a contact history with game animals.
Xogta daraasaadka cudurada safmareenka ah waxay muujisay si dib u eegis ah in kiiska ugu horeeyay ee SARS uu xiriir taariikheed la lahaa xoolaha la xanaaneeyo.
Subsequent seroprevalence investigations indicated that animal traders had a higher prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV IgG compared with that of the general population.
Baaritaanadii isku xigay ee heerka jeermiska waxay muujiyeen in ganacsatada xooluhu ay lahaayeen baahsanaan wayn ee ka hortaga SARS-CoV igG marka loo barbardhigo mida bulsha guud.
Masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and a racoon dog in live animal markets were first identified to carry SARS-CoV-like viruses that are almost identical to SARS-CoV.
Bisad baadiyaha daboolan (Paguma larvata) iyo ey duureedka ee yaala suuqyada xoolaha nool ayaa markii ugu horaysay loo aqoonsaday inay xambaarsanyihiin fayruusyo u eg SARS-CoV kuwaas oo inta badan lamid ah SARS-CoV.
This was indirectly supported by the fact that no further SARS was reported after killing all civets in the markets.
Tan waxaa si dadban u taageeray xaqiiqda ah in SARS sii badan aan laga soo sheegin kadib dilitaanka dhamaan bisad baadiyaashii joogay suuqa.
However, it has been reported that masked palm civets from the wild or farms without exposure to the live animal markets were largely negative for SARS-CoV, suggesting that masked palm civets might only serve as the intermediate amplifying host but not the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa lasoo sheegay bisad baadiyaha daboolan ee jooga hawdka mise beeraha ee aan la kulmin suuqyada xoolaha nool ayaa si balaaran looga waayay SARS-CoV, iyadoo soo jeedinaysa in bisad baadiyaha daboolan ay noqon karaan kaliya xanuun qaadaha xoojinaya ee dhexdhexaaadka ah laakiinse aysan ahayn kaydka dabiiciga ah ee SARS-CoV.
Notably, since 80% of the different animals in the markets in Guangzhou have anti-SARS-CoV antibodies, the possibilities that multiple species of small mammals might also serve as intermediate amplifying hosts of SARS-CoV cannot be excluded.
Si xusid mudan, maadaama 80% xoolaha kala duwan ee suuqyada Guangzhou ay leeyihiin ka hortagga jirka ee ka hortagga SARS-CoV, suurtagalnimada in noolayaal dhawr ah ee naasalayda yaryar ay sidoo kale noqon karaa xanuun qaadayaal xoojinaya oo dhexdhexaad ah ee SARS-CoV meesha lagama saari karo.
All of these appear to be dead-end hosts of SARS-CoV.
Dhamaan kuwan waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin dhmaadka xanuun qaadaha SARS-CoV.
Subsequent search for the natural animal host of SARS-CoV unveiled a closely related bat CoV, termed SARS-related Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU3 (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3), which exists in Chinese horseshoe bats.
Raadin isku xigtay ee xanuun qaadaha xoolaha dabiiciga ahee SARS-CoV wuxuu daaha ka rogay CoV fiidmaar oo si aad ah ugu dhaw, oo loo yaqaan SARS-la xiriirka Phinolophus Cov ka iidmaarta HKU3 (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3), kaas oo ka jira kabaha fardaha fiidmaaraha Shiinaha.
These bats are positive for anti-SARS-CoV antibodies and genome sequence of SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3.
Fiidmeerooyinkaani waxay qabaan ka hortaga jirka ee SARS-CoV iyo taxanaha genome ee SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3.
This and other bat CoVs share 88-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV.
Tan iyo CoV yada kale ee fiidmaarta waxaa wadaagaan 88-92% taxanaha nucleotide ee isu eg ee leh SARS-CoV.
These studies have laid the foundation for the new concept that bats host emerging human pathogens.
Daraasaadkan waxay u gogol xaareen fikrada cusub ee ah in fiidmaruhu ay kayd u yihiin jeermisyada ku dhaca aadanaha ee soo ifbaxaya.
Several SARS-like CoVs (SL-CoVs) have also been identified from bats, but none except for one designated WIV1 can be isolated as live virus.
Dhawr SARS oo u eg CoVs (SL-CoVs) ayaa sidoo kale laga ogaaday fiidmeerta, laakiin midna marka laga reebo hal WIV1 oo la qaabeeyay ayaa loo aqoonsan karaa fayras nool.
Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor of SARS-CoV.
Dheecaan u badelaha 2 ee angiotensin ka aadanaha (ACE2) ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay dareemaha SARS-CoV.
WIV1 derived from fecal sample of bats was demonstrated to use bat, civet and human ACE2 as receptor for cell entry.
WIV1 laga keenay tijaabooyinka saxarada fiidmaarta ayaa lagu ogaaday inay u isticmaalaan fiidmaarta, bisada baadiyaha ku nool iyo ACE2 ga bini'aadanka dareeme ahaan galitaanka unuga.
Intriguingly, sera of convalescent SARS patients were capable of neutralizing WIV1.
Si xiiso leh, sera ga bukaanada kasoo bogsanaya SARS ayaa awooday inay ka takhalusaan WIV1.
Thus far, WIV1 represents the most closely related ancestor of SARS-CoV in bats, sharing 95% nucleotide sequence homology.
Ilaa xad, WIV1 waxay matashaa quruumaha hore ee si dhaw isula xiriira ee SARS-CoV ee laga helo fiidmeerta, iyagoo wadaagaya 95% taxanaha nucleotide ee xirnaantooda iswada.
Albeit the high homology between these two viruses, it is generally believed that WIV1 is not the immediate parental virus of SARS-CoV and bats are not the immediate reservoir host of SARS-CoV.
Albeit isu eekaanshaha wayn ee u dhaxeeya labadan fayruusyo, waxaa si guud loo aaminsanyahay in WIV1 uusan ahayn asalka dhaw ee fayruuska SARS-CoV oo fiidmaaruhuna aysan ahayn ahayn kaydka xanuun qaadaha ugu dhaw ee SARS-CoV.
Phylogenetic analysis clusters MERS-CoV to the same group as bat CoV-HKU4 and bat CoV-HKU5.
Falanqaynta daraasaadka asalka noolaha waxay MERS-CoV isku koox ka dhigaysaa kooxda lamidka ah iidmaadta CoV-HKU4 iyo fiidmaarta CoV-HKU5.
Bat CoV-HKU4 and MERS-CoV utilize the same host receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), for virus entry.
Fiid-meerta CoV-HKU4 iyo MERS-CoV waxay isla isticmaalaan xanuun-sidaha hal dareeme, dipeptidyl peptisase 4 (DPP4), oo loogu talagalay mareenka fayraska.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences of MERS-CoV are phylogenetically closer to counterparts in bat beta-CoVs identified from Europe and Africa.
RNA ga ku tiirsan RNA polymerase ee MERS-CoV ayaa barasha ahaanta ayaa kooxeyn u dhaw kuwa lamid ka ah ee fiid-meerta beta-CoV yada lagu arkay Yurub iyo Afrika.
Up to now, no live MERS-CoV can be found in wild bats.
Ilaa hada, majiraan wax MERS-CoV oo nool oo laga heli karo fiid-meerta duurjoogta ah.
MERS-CoV and its closest relative bat CoV-HKU25 share only 87% nucleotide sequence homology.
MES-CoV iyo fiid-meerta ugu dhaw ee la xiriira CoV-HKU25 waxay wadaagaan keli ah 87% nucleotide oo asal ahaan isku mid iskuna xiga.
Thus, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
Sidaas awgeed, fiid-meertu waxaa laga yaabaa in aysan ahayn u kaydiyaha xanuun-sidaha ugu dhaw ee cudurka MERS-CoV.
On the other hand, studies in Middle East have shown that dromedary camels are seropositive for MERS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies, same as camels of Middle East origin in multiple African countries.
Dinaca kale, daraasaddo laga sameeyay gudaha Bariga Dhexe ayaa tusinaysa in geela dhaqashada hal kurus leh laga helay duffaaca jirka oo u gaar ah dhexdhexaadinaya MERS-CoV, geelaas asalkiisu yahay Bariga Dhexe waxaa la mid ah kuwo dalal badanaa Afrikaanka ah.
Live MERS-CoV identical to the virus found in humans was isolated from the nasal swabs of dromedary camels, further indicating that camels serve as the bona fide reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
MERS-CoV ee sida tooska ah ugu eeg fayraska laga helay bina aadamka ayaa waxaa laga helay baadhitaano lagu sameeyay geela, intaas waxaa dheer in uu geeli muujiyay in uu ka nabad qabo kaydiyaasha xanuun sidaha MERS-CoV
It is also noteworthy that generally mild symptoms but massive virus shedding were observed in camels experimentally infected with MERS-CoV.
Sidoo kale waxaa xusitaan mudan in guud ahaan calaamadaha fudud balse sii daynta weyn fayraska lagu arkay geela tijaaba ahaan kuwa qaba caabuqa MERS-CoV.
Notably, infected camels shed viruses not only through respiratory route but also through fecal-oral route, which is also the main route for virus shedding from bats.
Waxaa xusitaan mudan, in geela caabuqa qaaday uusan kasoo daynin fayrasyada kaliga dariiqa neef-mareenka balse sidoo kale kasoo daayay dariiqa saxarada, kaas oo ah dariiqa ugu weyn ee fiid-meerta kasoo daysay fayrasyada.
However, questions still remain since many confirmed cases of MERS have no contact history with camels prior to symptom onset, plausibly ascribed to human-to-human transmission or unknown transmission routes involving unrecognized animal species that harbour MERS-CoV.
Si kasta ha noqotee, suaalaha wali way jiraan madaama kiisas badan oo MERS ah oo la xaqiijiyay aysan tariikh la macaamilid aysan la lahayn geela ka hor bilawga calaamadaha, waxaa macquul in ay sababtay gudbinta bina aadamka dhexdiisa ah ama dariiqyo gudbineed oo aan la ogayn oo ku lug leh xayawaan aan la ogayn kaas oo MERS-CoV hoy ka dhigtay.
SARS-CoV-2 shares 96.2% nucleotide homology with a bat CoV RaTG13 isolated from Rhinolophus affinis bats.
SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu la wadaaga 96.2% isku mid ahaanshaha asal ahaaneed ee nucleotide ka fiid-meerta CoV RaTG13 oo laga karantiilay fiid-meeraha Rhinolophuw affinis.
As in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is too great to assign parental relationship.
Sida kiisaska SARS-CoV iyo MERS-CoV, kala duwanaanshaha is xigxiga ee SARS-CoV-2 iyo RaTG13 ayaa ah sidoo kale ah mid si wayn loogu maleeyo in xiriir waalidnimo ka dheexeeyo.
That is to say, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host(s) of SARS-CoV-2 unless almost identical bat CoVs are found in future.
Midaas waa in la dhaho, fiid-meeraha ma aha u kaydiyaha cudur-sidaha (yaasha) ee SARS-CoV-2 ilaa laga helo mustaqbalka kuwa la mid ah fiid-meero CoV yada .
Presumably, the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2 should be among the wildlife species sold and killed at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, with which many of the initial cases of COVID-19 were associated, indicative of a probable animal-to-human transmission event.
Waxaa suurtagal ah, in xayaawanka xanuun-sidayaasha ee SARS-CoV-2 ay ka tirsanyihiin noolaha duurjoogta la gato oo la qasho ee lagu gado Dukaamadada waaweyn ee Suuqa Huanan SeaFood, kaas oo kiisaskii ugu horeeyay ee COVID-19 la halmaalay, ayaado tusinaysa dhacdada saxda ah ee u gudbinta xayawaaneed ee bina aadamka.
Several recent studies based on metagenomic sequencing have suggested that a group of endangered small mammals known as pangolins (Manis javanica) could also harbour ancestral beta-CoVs related to SARS-CoV-2.
Daraasaddo badan oo hada la sameeyay oo ah barashada hida sidaha oo isku xiga ayaa soo jeedisay koox naasalay yar ah oo halis ah oo loo yaqaan pangolins (Manis Javanica) in ay noqon karaan sidoo kale asalka faraca beta-CoV yada la xariira SARS-CoV-2
These novel pangolin CoV genomes share 85-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV-2.
CoV kan cusub ee hida sidaha pangolines ka waxay la wadaagaan SARS-CoV-2 85-92% ee isku mid ahaansha asal ahaaneed ee shaxda nucleotide
However, they are equally closely related to RaTG13 with about 90% identity at the level of nucleotide sequence.
Si kasta ha noqotee, waxay si siman oo aad ugu dhaw xiriir ula leeyihiin RatG13 qiyaas ahaan 90% aqoonsashada heerka shaxda ee nucleotide.
They cluster into two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses in the phylogenetic tree, one of which share a more similar receptor binding domain (RBD) with SARS-CoV-2, with 97.4% amino acid sequence identity.
Waxay u qaybiyaan laba farac ahaaneed oo hoose ee SARS-CoV-2 sida fayrasyada ee habka kal saarida, mid la wadaaga dareemayaal isku dhagan (RBD) SARS-CoV-2, oo leh 97.4% ee aqoonsiga shaxda amino asidh.
In stark contrast, the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 are more divergent, albeit a higher degree of sequence homology genome-wide.
Isbarbardhigida muqaal ahaaneed ee SARS-CoV-2 ee RBD yada iyo RaTG13 ayaa aad ukala duwan, inkastoo uu jiro heer sare oo ah isku mid ahaanshaha asal ahaaneed oo balaaran ee shaxda hida sidaha.
An earlier study on diseased pangolins also reported the detection of viral contigs from lung samples, which turn out to be similarly related to SARS-CoV-2.
Daraasad hore oo lagu sameeyay pangolins xanuunan ayaa sido kale kuso warantay ogaanshaha fayras faafitaan badan oo laga helay sambal laga qaaday wadnaha, kaas oo isu badalay in uu la xariiro SARS-CoV-2.
This study adopted different assembly methods and manual curation to generate a partial genome sequence comprising about 86.3% of the full-length viral genome.
Daraasadan oo laga soo qaatay habab oo la isu keenay iyo daaweynta gacan ahaaneed si loo soo saaro taxanaha qayb ahaaneed ee hida sidaha oo ka kooban ku dhawaad 86.3% oo ah dheerarka-buuxa ee hida sidaha fayraska
We cannot exclude the possibility that pangolin is one of the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2.
Meesha kama saari karno suurtagalnimadda in uu yahay mid kamid ah qaadaha xanuunka SARS-CoV-2
However, currently there is no evidence in support of a direct pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 due to the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
Si kasta hanoqotee, waqti xaadirkan majiraan wax cadaymaha sii toos ah u tageeraya asalka ee ah SARS-CoV-2 ee pangolin sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshaha isku xiga ee SAR-CoV-2 iyo SARS-CoV-2 ee pangolin kaaso xariir la leh beta-CoVs.
In addition, the distance between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is even shorter than that between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
Intaa waxaa dheer, masaafada u dhaxaysa SARS-CoV-2 iyo RaTG13 ayaa xataa aad uga gaaban mida u dhaxaysa SARs-CoV-2 iyo SARS-CoV-2 pangolin ee la xariira beta-CoVs.
The evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, pangolins and other mammals remains to be established.
Dariiqa isbadalka noolaha ee SARS-CoV-2 ee fiid-meeraha, pangolins, iyo naasalayda kale ayaa wali la wadaa badhitaanadooda.
Whereas the highest sequence homology has been found in the RBDs between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin, SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 share the highest genome-wide sequence homology.
Halka laga helay isku eekaanshaha asal ahaaneed ee u saraysay RBD yada ee u dhaxaysa SARS-CoV-2 iyo qarandida,SARS-CoV-2 ee la xariira beta-CoV yada iyo RaTG13 waxay wadaagaan isku mid ahaanshaha asal ahaaneed ee hida sidaha oo balaaran.
It is highly speculative that the high degree of similarity between the RBDs of pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 is driven by selectivity-mediated convergent evolution.
Waxaa si aad ah loogu malaynayaa isu eekaanshaha laga helay RBD yada ee SARS-CoV-2 ga pangolin ee la xariira beta-CoV yada iyo SARS-CoV-2 taas oo laga keenay xulasho-dhexdhexaadin ahaaneed ee qiimaynada isku midka ah.
A counter-proposal is in favour of a recombination between a pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoV and RaTG13 in the third wild animal species.
Soo jeedinta kale ayaa doorbidaysa dib isugu dhafka SARS-CoV-2 ga pangolin ee la xariira beta-CoV iyo RaTG13 iyo xayawaanka duur-joogta ah ee saddexaad.
As a driving force in evolution, recombination is widespread among beta-CoVs.
Si xoog ah u wadista qiimaynta, dib isugu dhafka ayaa si aad ugu faafaya beta-CoV yada.
The jury is still out on the immediate zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Kooxda ka go'aan garista wali way ku maqanyihiin asalka xanuunada xooluhu qaadsiiyaan bina aadamka ee SARS-CoV-2.
Besides the highly pathogenic HCoVs, the zoonotic origin of HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 have also been studied.
Kasokow HCoVs-ka jeermiska badan, asalka cudurada ay xooluhu bina aadamka qaadsiiyaan ee HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 iyo HCoV-HkU1 ayaa sidoo kale la darsay.
Phylogenetic evidence indicated that both HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E might have originated from bat CoVs, while the parental viruses of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 have been found in rodents.
Cadaynta daraasaadka kala saarida noolaha ayaa muujinaya in HCoV-NL63 iyo HCoV-229E ay labaduba kaso farcameen CoV ka fiid-meerta, halka asalka fayrasyada HCoV-OC43 iyo HCoV-HKU1 laga helay jiirka.
It has been reported that a bat CoV termed ARCoV.2 (Appalachian Ridge CoV) detected in North American tricolored bat displayed close relationship with HCoV-NL63.
Waxaa lasoo sheegay in fiid-meerta CoV oo loo yaqaan ARCoV.2 (Appalachian Ridge CoV) oo lagu arkay Waqooyiga Maraykanka in fiid-meer saddex midab leh ay muujisay xiriir aad u dhaw HCoV-Nl63.
On the other hand, HCoV-229E was genetically related to another bat CoV, termed Hipposideros/GhanaKwam/19/2008, which was detected in Ghana, while camelids have also been suspected as its intermediate host.
Dhinaca kale, HCoV-229E in uu hida sida ahaan la xiriiro CoV kale ee fiid-meerta, kaas oo loo yaqaan Hipposideros/GhanaKwam/19/2008, taas oo lagu arkay Ghana, halka nooc geel ah na looga shakiyay inuu yahay xanuun-side dhexdhexaad ah.
For clarity, the current knowledge on animal origins of known HCoVs is summarized in Figure ​1 and Table 2.
Cadaymo ahaan, aqoonta hada ah ee asal ahaanta xoolaha ee la ogaaday HCoV yada ayaa lagu soo koobay Jaantuska 1 iyo Shaxda 2.
Phylogenetic analysis has provided evidence for interspecies transmission events of HCoVs in the history.
Taxliilinta daraasaadka kala saarida noolaha ayaa bixiyay cadaymo ah in dhacdooyinka tariikheed ee isu gudbinta noolaha dhexdooda ee HCoV yada.
When HCoV-OC43 crossed species to infect humans from domestic livestock around 1890, a pandemic of respiratory infection was recorded.
Markii HcOV-OC43 uu usoo gudbay noolaha in caabuqa ku rido bina aadamka kaas oo laga keenay xoolaha dab-joogta ah kudhawaadkii 1890, caabuqa neef-mareenka ee caalamiga ah ayaa la diwaan galiyay.
The interspecies transmission history of HCoV-229E is less clear.
.Taariikhda gudbinta HCoV-229E ee noolaha dhexdiisa ayaa si fiican u cadayn
Bat alpha-CoVs closely related to HCoV-229E have been found.
Waxaa la ogaaday in fiid-meerta alpha-CoV yada ayaa si aad u dhaw xiriir ula leedahay HCoV-229E.
Between them there is an alpaca alpha-CoV.
Iyaga dhexdooda waxaa jira alpaca alpha-CoV.
Several lines of evidence support the transmission of virus from bats to humans directly.
Cadaymo badan ayaa taageeraya in uu fayraska fiid-meerta u ga gudbo bina adamka si toos ah
First, humans but not alpacas might have contact with bats in a shared ecological niche.
Ugu horeyn, bina aadamka balse ma aha alpacas kuwa u dhaw in ay la macaamilaan fiid-meeraha la wadaaga deegaan nololkeeda.
Instead, humans have close contact with alpacas.
.Taas badalkeed, bina aadamka la macaamil dhaw ayuu la leeyahay alpacas
Second, HCoV-229E-related bat alpha-CoVs are diverse and non-pathogenic in bats, whereas alpaca alpha-CoV caused an outbreak of respiratory disease in infected animals.
Labaad, HCoV-229E ee la xariira alpha-CoV yada fiid-meerta ayaa ka duwan wax jeermis ahna aan ku lahayn fiid-meeraha, halka alpaca alpha-CoV oo sababay dilaaca cudurka neef-mareenka ee xayawaanka caabuqa ku dhacay.
Finally, alpaca alpha-CoV has not been found in feral animals.
Ugu dambeyn, alpaca alpha-CoV laga ma helin xayawaanka duur-joogta ah.
Thus, the possibility cannot be excluded that alpacas obtain the HCoV-229E-related alpha-CoV from humans.
Sidaas awgeed, suurtagalnimada lagama saari karo meesha in alpacas uu ka helo HCoV-229E ee la xariira alpha-CoV ee bina aadamka.
In fact, bats are the direct source of human pathogenic viruses including rabies virus, Ebola virus, Nipah virus and Hendra virus.
Xaqiiq ahaan, fiidmaaruhu waa isha tooska ah ee fayruusyada jeermiska leh ee aadanaha oo ay kamid yihiin fayraska rabies, fayraskaa Ebola, fayraska Nipah iyo fayraska Hendra.
It is therefore not too surprising that bats might transmit HCoV-229E to humans directly.
Sidaas darteed mid aad loola yaabo maahan in fiidmaaaruhu ay u gudbin karaan HCoV-229E bini'aadanka si toos ah.
Alternatively, whereas bat alpha-CoVs serve as the gene pool of HCoV-229E, alpacas and dromedary camels might serve as intermediate hosts that transmit viruses to humans, exactly as in the case of MERS-CoV.
Taas si lamidah, halka alpha-CoV yada fiidmaartu ay yihiin barkada hiddaha ee HCoV-229E, alpacas iyo geela halka kurus leh ayaa ahaan kara xanuun side dhexdhexaad ah oo u gudbiya fayruusyada bini'aadanka, sida saxda ah sida xaalada MERS-CoV.
MERS-CoV serves as an excellent example of interspecies transmission from bats to dromedary camels and from dromedary camels to humans.
MERS-CoV ayaa ah tusaale heer sare ee gudbinta noolayaasha ka gudbaya fiidmaaraha una gudbaya geela halka kurus leh iyo ka an ka gudbaya geela halka kurus leh una gudbaya bini'aadanka.
The evolutionary origin of MERS-CoV from bats is known at its initial identification and has also been strengthened by subsequent findings.
Asalka isbadelka ee MERS-CoV ee ka yimid fiidmaaraha ayaa loo yaqaanay aqoonsigiisa hore waxaana sidoo kale xoojiyay natiijooyinka isxiga.
It is obvious that bats provide a rich pool of virus species for interspecies exchange of genetic fragments and interspecies transmission.
Waa caadi in fiidmaaruhu ay keenaan meel wayn oo fayraska qani ku ah ee isdhexgalka noolayaasha iswaydaarsiga qaybaha hiddaha iyo u gudbinta noolayaasha isdhex gala.
Longevity, densely packed colonies, close social interaction and strong ability to fly are all favourable conditions for bats to be an ideal 'virus spreader'.
Cimri dheerida, kooxaha sida baahsan u dagay, isdhexgalka bulshada ee isu dhaw iyo awooda xooga leh ee duulitaanka ayaa ah dhamaan xaaladaha u fiican fiidmaaraha inay ahaadaan 'fayruus faafiye' ku haboon.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has been introduced to dromedary camels for decades.
Dhinaca kale, MERS-CoV ayaa ku dhacay geela halka kurus leh toboneeyo sano gudahood.
It is well adapted to these camels that have turned from an intermediate host to a stable and natural reservoir host.
Waxay si fiican ula qabsadeen geelashan kuwaas oo ka badelmay xanuun side dhexdhexaad ah una badelmay kayd xanuun side dagan oo dabiici ah.
MERS-CoV causes very mild disease and maintains a relatively low mutation rate in these animals.
MERS-CoV wuxuu sababaa cudur aad u khafiif ah wuxuuna joogteeyaa isbeddello aad u yar oo xayawaanadan ku jira.
Its sporadic transmission to humans is an accident and humans remain a dead-end host of MERS-CoV as its transmission cannot be sustained.
Gudbinteeda marmarka ah ee bini'aadanka waa shil bini'aadankuna waxay yihiin xanuun side dhamaad ah ee MERS-CoV maadaama oo gudbinteeda uusan noolan karin.
In contrast to the role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, the role of pangolins, if there is any, in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is different.
Kasoo horjeedka doorka geela ee gudbinta MERS-CoV, doorka qarandiyaasha, haday waxa uun jiraan, ee gudbinta SARS-CoV-2 ayaa ka duwan.
Particularly, pangolin beta-CoVs are highly pathogenic in pangolins.
Gaar ahaan, beta-CoVs qarandida ayaa saa'id jeermis ugu leh qarandiyaasha.
They might be a dead-end host for SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, similar to civets in the case of SARS-CoV.
Waxay noqon karaan xanuun side aan caabuq gudbin ee beta-CoV yada la xiriira SARS-CoV-2, si lamid ah bisadaha baadiyaha ee SARS-CoV.
Several possibilities for interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from animals to humans have to be ruled in or ruled out in future studies.
Suurtagalnimo dhawr ah ee u gudbitaanka SARS-CoV-2 noolayaasha kalanooca ah isagoo ka gudbaya xoolaha una gudbaya bini'aadanka ayaa ah in lagu tijaabiya ama meesha laga saara marka la samaynayo daraasaadka mustaqbalka.
First, bats could be the reservoir host of a SARS-CoV-2-related virus almost identical to SARS-CoV-2.
Ugu horayn, fiidmaaruhu waxay noqon karaan kaydka xanuun sidaha SARS-CoV-2 ee fayruuska la xiriira kaas oo inta badan u eg SARS-CoV-2.
Humans might share the ecological niche with bats through butchering or coal mining.
Bini'aadanka ayaa la wadaagi kara fiidmaaraha doorka deeganka iyagoo u maraya hilib jarjarista mise dhuxul dubista.
Second, pangolins could be one of intermediate amplifying host to which a SARS-CoV-2-related virus had been newly introduced.
Tan labaad, pangolins ayaa noqon kara mid kamid ah xoojiyaha xanuun sidaha dhexe kaas oo fayruuska la xiriira SARS-CoV-2 dhawaan la ogaaday.
Humans contract the virus through butchering and consumption of game meat.
Bini'aadanka ayuu ku dhacaa fayruusku isagoo usoo maraya u gaarsashada iyo isticmaalka hilibka ugaarta.
It is possible that many mammals including domestic animals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.
Waa suurtagal in naaslay fara badan oo ay ku jiraan xoolaha guri joogta ah ay u badantahay inuu ku dhaco SARS-CoV-2.
A survey of domestic and wild animals for antibodies is warranted.
Baadhitaan guud oo lagu sameeyay xoolaha gurijoogta iyo duurjoogta ee ku saabsan antibody yada ayaa la damaanad qaaday.
Third, as mentioned above, recombination and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 might have occurred in a third species that has contact with both bats and pangolins.
Tan saddexaad, sida kor lagu sheegay, dib isugu imaatinka iyo la qabsiga SARS-CoV-2 ayaa laga yaabay inuu ku dhacay noole nooc kale oo saddexaad kaas oo xiriir la lahaa labadaba fiidmarta iyo qarandiyaasha.
The search for the animal origins of SARS-CoV-2 is still on.
Baaritaanka asalka xoolaha SARS-CoV-2 ayaa wali socda.
Apart from different types of the animal hosts, three major factors on the viral side are also important in facilitating CoVs to cross species barriers.
Marka laga reebo noocyada kala duwan ee xoolaha xanuun sidaha, saddexda qodob ee ugu wayn dhinaca fayruuska ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah fududaynta CoV yada inay ka gudbaan xayndaabka noolayaasha kala nooca ah.
First of all, their relatively high mutation rates in RNA replication.
Ugu horayn, marka loo eego waxaa jira qiyaas wayn ee isbadelka taranka RNA.
In comparison to other single-stranded RNA viruses, the estimated mutation rates of CoVs could be regarded as “moderate” to “high” with an average substitution rate being ~10-4 substitution per year per site 2, depending on the phase of CoV adaptation to novel hosts.
Marka loo barbardhigo fayrasyada kale ee RNA hal xariglaha ah, xadka isbadelka la qiyaasay ee CoVs ayaa loo aqoonsan karaa "mi dhexe" ilaa "mid sare" isagoo leh celcelis ahaan xadka isbedelka oo ah ~10-4 isbadel sanadkiiba meeshi 2, iyadoo ku tirsan wajiga la qabsashada CoV ee xanuun sidaha aan caadiga ahayn.
CoVs have a proof-reading exoribonuclease, deletion of which results in exceedingly high mutability and attenuation or even inviability.
CoV yada waxay leeyihiin xaqiijin akhris oo exoribonuclease, tirtirida taas oo ay ka dhalato si xad dhaaf ah isbadel sare iyo hoos u dhaca xooga mise taran la'aan.
Interestingly, the nucleotide analogue Remdesivir is known to suppress CoV replication through inhibition of this exoribonuclease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Si xiiso leh, nucleotide analogue Remdesivir ayaa lo ogyahay inay hoos u dhigto taranka CoV iyadoo u maraysa xanibida exoribonuclease iyo RNA ku tiirsanaha RNA polymerase.
Remdesivir is one of most promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents to be tested in clinical trials.
Remdesivir waa mid kamid waxyaabaha ka hortaga SARS-CoV-2 ee ugu waxtarka leh ee lagu tijaabin doono tijaabooyinka caafimaadka.
Nevertheless, mutation rates of CoVs are about a million times higher than those of their hosts.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, xadka isbadelka CoV yada waxay ku dhawaad milyan jeer ka sareeyaan kuwa xanuun sidayaashooda.
In addition, mutation rate is often high when CoVs are not well adapted to the host.
Intaas waxaa dheer, xadka isbadelka koriin inta badan wuu sareeyaa marka CoV yada aysan si fiican ula qabsan xanuun sidaha.
Compared to SARS-CoV with a high mutation rate, the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 is apparently lower, suggestive of a higher level of adaptation to humans.
Marka la barbardhgo SARS-CoV ee leh xadka isbedelka sare, xadka isbadelka SARS-CoV-2 ayaa si cad u hooseeya, isagoo soo jeedinayo heer sare oo la qabsiga aadanaha ah.
Presumably, it has already been adapted to another host close to humans.
Sida suurtagalka ah, horaan ayuu ula qabsaday xanuun side kale oo u dhaw bini'aadanka.
In addition to SARS-CoV-2, this also applies to MERS-CoV, which is well adapted to dromedary camels.
SARS-CoV-2 waxaa dheer, inay tani sidoo kale lagu dabaqayo MERS-CoV, kaas oo si fiican ula qabsaday geela halka kurus leh.
Theoretically, it is unlikely that genetic drift would render vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 ineffective quickly.
Aragti ahaan, uma badna in baaba'a hiduhu uu keeni doono talaal iyo fayruusyo ka hortage ka dhan ah SARS-CoV-2 aan shaqaynin si dhakhsa ah.
Second, the large RNA genome in CoVs exerts extra plasticity in genome modification for mutations and recombination, thereby increasing the probability for interspecies co-evolution, which is advantageous for the emergence of novel CoVs when the conditions become appropriate.
Marka labaad, RNA genome balaaran ee ku jira CoVs wuxuu ku fidaayaa baco dheeraad ah qaabaynta ee qaabaynta genome hidda-wadayaasha ee isbedelka iyo isu imaatinka, sidaas daraadeed kor u qaadaya fursada isbadelida noolayaasha kala nooca ah, kaas oo u fiican soo ifbaxa CoVs aan caadi ahayn markay xaaaladu noqoto mid ku haboon.
This is supported by the copious unique open reading frames and protein functions encoded towards the 3′ end of the genome.
Tan waxaa taageeraya qaababka akhriska gaarka ah ee furan ee la heli karo iyo shaqooyinka borotiinka ee la galiyo dhanka dhamaadka 3 ee genome.
Third, CoVs randomly and frequently switch templates during RNA replication through a unique “copy-choice” mechanism.
Tan saddexaad, CoV yada waxay inta badan si aan cayimnayn u badeshaan naqshada inta laguguda jiro taranka RNA iyadoo loo marayo habka "nuqul ka samee-dookha" ee gaarka ah.
In a host that serves as the mixing vessel, strand switching occurs frequently during CoV RNA transcription.
Xanuun side ah mid uu cudurku kusoo laablaabanayo, isbedelka xarkaha wuxuu dhacaa inta badan inta lagu guda jiro nuqul samaynta CoV RNA
Highly homologous full-length and subgenomic RNAs could recombine to generate new CoVs.
Dheerar buuxa oo si wayn isugu eeg iyo genomic hoose RNA yaala ayaa dib isugu darsami kara si ay u dhalaan CoV yo cusub.
Phylogenetic evidence of natural recombination has been found in both HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, as well as animal CoVs such as bat SL-CoV and batCoV-HKU9.
Cadaynta dib isugu darsamida dabiiciga ah ee daraasaadka isbedelka noolaha ayaa lagu ogaday in labada HCoV-HKU1 iyo HCoV-OC43, iyo sidoo kale CoV yada xoolaha sida fiidmaarta SL-CoV iyo fiidmaarta CoV-HKU9.
Virus-host interaction in relation to transmission
Isdhexgalka xanuun sidaha fayruuska marka loo eego gudbinta
Besides three viral factors stated above, viral interaction with host receptor is another key factor influential on interspecies transmission.
Marka laga soo tago sadexda qodob ee fayraska kor lagu xusay, isdhexgalka fayraska ee leh dareemaha xanuun sidaha wa qodob kale oo muhiim ah oo saamaynaya u gudbita noolaha kala nooca ah.
Herein, recombination of SARS-CoV is taken as a typical example, which also showed evidence of positive selection during interspecies transmission events.
Halkaan, dib isugu imaaatinka SARS-CoV ayaa loo qaadaynaya tusaale caadi ah, kaas oo sidoo kale muujiyay cadaynta xulasho fiican inta lagu guda jiray madalaha gudbinta noolaha kala nooca ah.
Based on the comparative analysis between isolates of human and civet SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV is thought to undergo rapid adaptation in different hosts, particularly with mutations at the RBD of the S protein.
Iyadoo lagu salaynayo falanqaynta isbarbardhiga ee u dhaxaysa karantiilada bini'aadamka iyo civet SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV ayaa loo malaynayaaa inuu maro la qabsi dhakhsa ah ee xanuun sidayaasha kala duwan, gaar ahaan markuu la socdo isbadelada RBD ee borotiinka S.
Generally, the RBD in the S protein of a CoV interacts with the cellular receptor and is intensely selected by the host antibody response.
Guud ahaan, RBD ga ku jira borotiinka S ee CoV wuxuu dhexgalaa dareemaha unuga waxaana si xoog leh u xushay falcelinta antibody ga xanuun sidaha.
In SARS-CoV, the RBD is in the 318th to 510th amino acids on the S1 fragment, which binds to the human ACE2 as well as its coreceptors for viral entry.
SARS-CoV, RBD gu wuxuu ku jiraa 318aad ilaa 510aad ee amino acid yada ee qaybta S1, taas oo ku dhagta ACE2 bini'aadanka iyo si lamid ah dusha unuga dareemayaasha ee galintaanka fayruuska.
The RBD of SARS-CoV is capable of recognizing the ACE2 receptors of various animals, including bat, civet, mouse and raccoon dog, allowing interspecies transmission of the virus.
RBD ga SARS-CoV wuxuu awoodaa inuu aqoonsado soo-galeyaasha ACE2 ee xayawaanno kala duwan, oo ay kamidyihiin fiidmeerta, civet, jiirarka iyo ey duureedka, iyagoo u ogolaanaya fayraska inuu ka gudbo noolayaal kala nooc ah.
In fact, only 6 amino acid residues were observed to be different from human and civet viral isolates in the RBD and 4 of them locate in the receptor-binding motif for interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
Xaqiiq ahaan, kaliya 6 haraa oo amino acid ah ayaa laa arkay inay ka duwanyihiin soocitaanka fayruuska ee bini'aadanka iyo bisada baadiyaha ee RBD 4 kamid ah waxay ku jiraan naqshada dareeme ku dhagaha si ay u dhexgalaan dareemaha ACE2.
Civet SARS-CoV has K479N and S487T mutations in its RBD, which might increase the affinity of the interaction of spike protein with human ACE2 receptor.
SARS-CoV ka bisadaha baadiyaha wuxuu leeyahay isbedelada K479N iyo S457T ee RBD giisa, taas oo kor u qaadi karta rabitaanka inuu xiriir la sameeyo borotiinka spike ee uu la socdo dareemaha aadanaha ee ACE2.
In other words, these two amino acid substitutions might be critical to viral adaption to humans.
Si kale hadii loo dhigo, isbedelka labadan amino acid wuxuu khatar ku yahay la qabsiga fayraska ee bin'aadamka.
It is noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 shares the same cellular receptor with SARS-CoV.
Waa wax mudan in la sheego in SARS-CoV-2 uu la wadaago dareemayaasha unugyada lamidka ah SARS-CoV.
A 30% difference between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the S1 unit of the S protein implicates that the binding affinity of its S protein with human ACE2 might have altered.
30% farqiga u dhaxeeya SARS-CoV-2 iyo SARS-CoV ee qaybta S1 ee borotiinka S ayaa tusaya ku lug lahaanshaha rabitaanka uu ku dhagayo borotiinkiisa S ACE2 aadanaha ayaa wax ka bedeli kara.
Indeed, a cryo-EM study indicates a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity of this binding than that between human ACE2 and SARS-CoV S protein.
Xaqiiq ahaan, daraasad cryo-Em ayaa muujinaysa in 10 - ilaa 20- ay laabmaan rabitaan weyn ee ku dhagistan marka loo eego tan u dhaxaysa ACE2 bin'aadanka iyo borotiinka S ee SARS-CoV.
It will also be of interest to determine whether any other coreceptor might be required for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Waxay sidoo kale noqon doontaa mid la danaynayo in la ogaado in dareemaha kale ee dusha unuga loo baahan karo gudbinta SARS-CoV-2.