atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
Natiijooyinka aan caadiga ahayn ee shaybaarka: heerka borotiinka ka falceliya C (CRP) ee dhiiga ayaa ka turjumaya ba'naanta xanuunka unuga mise dhaawaca waxaana lasoo jeediyay inuu yahay qodob xanuun sababe suurtagal ah, falcelinta daawaynta, iyo ugu dambayn bogsasho.
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
Xiriirka heerka CRP uu la leeyahay ba'naanta iyo sababta cudurka COVID-19 ayaa sidoo kale lasoo jeediyay.
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
Intaas waxaa dheer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kor u kacay, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), iyo creatine kinase (CK) ayaa sidoo kale laga yaaba inay caawiyaan saadaalinta natiijada.
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
Enzyme-yadan waxaa si qotodheer loogu qeexay dhawr halbawle, gaar ahaan wadnaha iyo beerka, waxaana la sii daayaa waqtiga dhaawaca unuga.
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
Sidaa daraadeed, waa calaamado dhaqameed lagu garto hawlgabka wadnaha mise beerka.
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
Calaamadaha caafimaad ee ugu wayn: raajada laabta iyo waqtiga ay ku imaanayaan calaamadaha caafimaad waa in loo tixgaliyaa iyadoo ay la socoto arimaha kale si loo saadaaliyo natiijada iyo xaaladaha xun ee COVID-19.
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Isticmaalka steroids: sida kor lagu xusay, steroids waa hoos u dhigaha difaaca jirka oo si caada ah loogu isticmaalo daawayn caawinta loogu talagalay cudurada caabuqa si loo yareeyo ba'naanta dhaawaca xanuunka.
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
Maadaama daawo culus oo corticosteroid ah si balaaran loogu isticmaalay bukaanada SARS, kuwa badan oo ka bogsaday waxay la xanuunsadeen avascular osteonecrosis oo leh naafanimo nolol dheer iyo tayo nolol oo hoosaysa.
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
Sidaa daaadeed, hadii loo baahdo, steroids waa in loo isticmaalaa xad hooseeya iyo waqti gaaban bukaanada COVID-19.
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Buuqa maskaxda: sida kor lagu xusay, inta lagu jiro dilaacitaanka COVID-19 bukaanada badan ayaa la xanuunsaday isla hadal xad dhaaf ah maadama ay inta badan ku jiraan mudooyin dheer oo karantiil ah iyo daganaasho la'aan xad dhaaf waxayna arkeen dhimashada xubnaha qoyska ugu dhaw iyo bukaanada asxaabtooda ah.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Waa muhiim in la siiyo la talin nafsi ahaaneed iyo taageero mudo dheer si loo caawiyo bukaanadan inay ka bogsadaan isla hadalka ayna ku noqdaan nolosha caadiga ahayd.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
Sida laga soo xigtay daraasooyinka tirakobka bulshada ilaa hadda, COVID-19 wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu leeyahay xaalado xanuun oo ka duwan mida SARS.
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
Intaas waxaa dheer inuu ku tarmayo neefmareenka hoose, SARS-CoV-2 ayaa si waxtar leh ugu tarmaya aaga sare ee neefmareenka oo sababaya calaamad la'aan ama mid fudud wajiga hore ee caabuqa, si lamid ah CoV-yada kale ee sababa hargabyada.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Sidaa daraadeed, bukaanada xanuunka qaaday wajiha hore mise mudada aan la garankarin wuxuu soo saari karaa tiro wayn oo fayras ah xilliga hawlaha maalinlaha ah, ee sababaya adayg wayn ee xakamaynta safmareenka.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gudbinta SARS-CoV waxaa la ogaaday inuu dhaco marka bukaanada ay aad u xanuunsanayaan, halka gudbinta inta badan aysan dhicin wajiga hore.
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Sidaa daraadeed, dilaaca COVID-19 ee hadda aad ayuu u daranyahay una adagyahay in la xakameeyo marka loo eego dilaacii SARS.
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Dadaalo wayn ayaa hadda ka socda Shiinaha oo ay kamid yihiin xayiraada wuhan iyo magaalooyinka u dhaw iyo karantiilka socda ee ku dhawaad dhamaan bulshada iyadoo la raaynayo in la carqaladeeyo gudbitaanka SARS-CoV-2.
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Inkastoo ficiladani ay si wayn u dhaawacayaan dhaqalaha iyo qaybaha kale ee dalka, tirada bukaanada cusub hoos ayay u dhacaysaa, taas oo tusaysa hoos u dhaca safmareenka.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Qiyaasta ugu rajada wayn waxaa weeye in dilaacu uu dhamaan doono dhamaadka Maarso iyo in waiga dhaqaala hoos u dhacuna uu joogi doono 3-4 bilood.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, khabiiro kale sidaas uma rao wayna.
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, et al., wuxuu qiyaasay in COVID-19, kaas oo muuqda ilaa xad inuu ka caabuq waynyhay SARS, uusan dhamaanayn 2020.
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Xanuunka safmareenka iyo wuxuu soo jeediyay in SARS-CoV-2 uu ku dhici karo saddex meelo meel kamid ah bulshada caalamka.
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
Koox reer Kanada ah ayaa soo sheegay in SARS-CoV-2 laga helay labadaba dheecaanada sanka iyo dhuunta ee bukaanada bogsaday ee ka baxay isbitaalka 2 todobaad ka hor, taas oo tusaysa in fayruuska cusub ee la aqoonsaday uu noqon karo dhacdo wareeg ah oo lamid ah influenza.
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, calaamadaha ballanta leh ayaa ka dhacay Shinaha iyadoo laga tixraacayo hoos u dhaca tirada kiisaska cusub, taas oo mtusaysa istaraatiijiyadaha hadda in laga yaabo inay shaqaynayeen.
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
Ebola ayaa asal ahaan la saadaaliyay inuu sababi karo milyan kiisas halka nus milyan kale ay dhimanayaan.
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo loo marayo karantiil adag iyo ka soocitaan, cudurka ugu dambayn waa la xakameeyay.
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
Waa suuragal, si lamid ah SARS-CoV, in uu SARS-CoV-2 uu daciifi karo xaga qaadsiinta iyo ugu dambayn inuu dhiman karo ama uu noqdo fayruus caabuq yar oo uu la noolaan karo bini'aadanka.
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
Barbardhiga safmareenka CoVID-19 kuwa SARS iyo MERS ayaa lagu muuiyay hoos (Jaantuuska 55).
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 ayaa si wayn loogu gudbin karaa qufaca iyo hindhisada, iyo suurtagal ahaan sidoo kale taabashada tooska ah ee shay'yada uu fadareeyay fayruuska.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
Fayruuska waxaa sidoo kale laga helay saxarada, taas oo keenaysa suurtaglnimo cusub oo ah inuu ka gudbo saxarada una gudbo afka.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Daraasad dhawayd oo laga sameeyay 138 kiisas ayaa sheegtay in 41% kamid ah kiisaska ay suurtagal tahay inuu sabbay caabuqa nosocomial, iyadoo ay kamid yihiin 17 bukaan oo xanuuno kale horay u qbay iyo 40 daryeelayaasha caafimaadka bixiya.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Sidaa awgeed, taxaddar wayn waa in loo isticmaala si loo ilaaliyo bini'aadanka, gaar ahaan daryeelayaasha caafimaadka bixiya, shaqaalaha bulshaha, xubnaha qoyska, asxaabta, iyo waliba goobjoogayaasha xiriirka la leh nukaanada mise dadka xanuunka qaaday.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Talaabada ugu horaysay ee difaaca ee loo isticmaali karo in hoos loogu dhigo khatarta caabuqa waa in loo maro in la xidho maaskarada wajiga; labadaba isticmaalka maaskarada qaliinka iyo maaskarada naqas siinta N95 (taxanaha #1860 yadii) wuxuu caawinayaa xakamaynta faafitaanka fayruusyada.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Masarada afka lagu daboosho ee qaliinka waxay ka hortagayaan dhibcaha dareeraha ee ka imanaya qof ay suurtagal tahay inuu qabo caabuqa oo kasoo qaadey safar hawada ah ama taabasha goob, halkaas oo aysan qof kale u gudbaynin.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Si kasta ha noqotee, kaliya N95 ( taxane # 1860 yo) masarada afka lagu duubto waxay ilaalin karaan nuugista fayras aad u yaryar sida 10 ilaa 80 nm xilliga neefsashada, awood ahaan 5% kaliya oo fayraska ah ayaa awoodo in uu u gudbo si dhamaystiran; SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu la mid yahay SARS-CoV dhinaca xajmiga labadooduna qiyaas ahaan waaa 85 nm.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Madaama ay walxaha yariiska ah ka gudbi karaan xataa shan masarka afka lagu daboosha ah ee qaliinada oo la isdulsaaray, bixiyayaasha daryeelka caafimaad ee si toos ula macaamilaya bukaanada waxaa ku qasab ah in ay xirtaan N95 (taxanaha # 1860 yadii) masarka afka lagu daboosha lakiin ma aha masarada afka lagu daboosho ee qaliinka.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Waxaa dheer masarka afka lagu xirto, bixiyayaasha daryeelka caafimaad waa in ay xirtaan dhar ayagoo dhan la dhan oo difaaca si loo sii dhimo taabashada fayruusyada.
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Fayruusyadu qofka waxay ka gali karaan indhaha.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
Janaayo 22, 2020, dhaqtar ayuu ku dhacay SARS-CoV-2 inkastoo uu xirtay masarka afka lagu daboosho ee N95, waxaa macquul ah in uu fayraska ka galay jidhkiisa asagoo maraya indhahiisa.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Sidaas awgeed, bixiyayaasha daryeelka caafimaad waa inay xirtaan gaashaan waji oo wax laga dhex arko ama okiyaalo marka ay ka shaqaynayaan bukaanada.
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
Dadweynaha jooga goobaha la saameeyay ama la saamayn karo, waxaa si adag loogu soo jeediyay in uu qof kasta ku dhaqo gacmihiisa sabuun jeermis dilla ah in ka badan sidii hore, inay guryaha joogaan si ay si shaksi ahaaneed isu karantiilaan oo ay yareeyaan la macaamilka dadka ay suurtagal tahay inuu ku dhacay caabuqa.
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
Saddex baac ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay masaafada ku haboon dadka in ay ka fogaadaan bukaanka.
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
Ficilladani waa habab waxtar u leh hoos udhiga khatarta caabuqa iyo sidoo kale ka hortaga faafitaanka fayruuska.
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
Inkastoo SARS-CoV-2 uu u imaaday sidii fayras ku cusub dunida aadamaha, wuxuu aad ugu eegyahay SARS-CoV sida lagu soo waramay 7 dii Janaayo 2020 wuxuuna sababay feejignaan sareysa Shiinaha ayadoo ku salaysan xasuusta qotoda dheer ee dilaaca SARS 2003.
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
Si kasta hanoqotee, ilaa 19 kii Janaayo 2020 agaasimaha xarunta xakamaynta cudurka ee Wuhan muusan dajinin shacabka asagoo dhahaya fayruuska cusub wuxuu leeyahay awood hoosaysa oo faafitaan iyo xakamaynta taranka ee bina'adaamka dhexdooda taasna dhib ma aha si looga hortago loona joojiyo cudurka.
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
Fariinta waxay si cajiib ah u dabcisay walaaca dad weynaha, gaar ahaan marka wadanka oo dhan uu isu diyaarinayay Dabaal dagga Guga, waqti muhiim ahna la baajiyay si loo joojiyo cudurka qiyaas ahaan meesha ugu yar gudaha Wuhan.
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
Hay'adaha xakamaynta cudurka ee Shiinaha waxaa laga yaabaa in ay qaatan casharkan adag oo ay ka sameeyaan hormaritaano waaweyn mustaqbalka.
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
Tusaale ahaan, hay'adahan waa in ay (1) taxadar badan suubiyaan marka ay samaynayaan ogeysiinada dadweyna maadaama eray kasta oo shacabka loo sheego uu badali karo dareenkooda iyo gooaanadooda; (2) dareen iyo falcelitaan badan oo ka yimaada macluumaadka aan caadiga ahayn ee ka imaanayo xarumaha caafimaadka inta ay ka sugi lahaayeen warar rasmi ah dhaqaatiirta iyo madaxda; (3) xayiraado badan si loo joojiyo suurta galnimada faafitaanka saf-mareenka marxaladeeda hore intii la isku dayi lahaa in la dajiyo dadweynaha; iyo (4) intaa waxaa dheer in loo qaybiyo agab la bartilmaamedsaday oo waxtar leh si loo kordhiyo wacyi galinta dadweynaha oo ku saabsan cudurka safmareenka ah iyo si loo tijaabiyo korna loogu qaado habka jawaab celinta bulshada in mudda ah.
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
Dilaaca COVID-19 ee uu sababay fayraska cusub ee SARS-CoV-2 wuxuu bilawday dhamaadkii Diseembar 2019.
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
Wax ka yar laba billood, waxuu ku faafay dhamaan Shiinaha iyo in ka badan 50 dal aduunka oo dhan xilliga qormadan.
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
Madaama uu fayruusku aad ula mid yahay SARS-CoV calaamadahana ay ka simanyihiin COVID-19 iyo SARS, dilaaca COVID-19 wuxuu abuuray dareen dib usoo noqoshada SARS ah.
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
Si kasta ha ahaate, waxaa jira farqiyo cajiib ah oo u dhexeeya COVID-19 iyo SARS, midaas oo aasaas u ah joojinta saf-mareenka iyo daaweynta bukaanada.
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 wuxuu aad u saameeyaa dadka waayeelka marka la barbar dhigo da'a yarta iyo ragga marka loo eego dumarka, heerka halista iyo dhimashada sidoo kale waxay ku badantahay dadka da'da ah marka loo eego dhali yarta.
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS wuxuu leeyahay dhimasho aad uga saraysa marka loo eego COVID-19 (10.91% kasoo horjeeda 1.44%).
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
Bukaanada COVID-19 waxay gudbiyaan fayraska xataa ayaga oo aan lahayn wax calaamada ah halka bukaanada SARS sidaas oo kale ahaayeen marka ay aad u xanuunsanyihiin, kaas oo sababa dhibaato weyn sidii loo joojin lahaa faafitaanka COVID-19 marka loo eego SARS.
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
Tani qayb ahaan waxay sharaxaysaa sababta SARS-CoV-2 uu si xawli ah uga faafid badanyahay ugana balaaranyahay SARS-CoV.
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
Tijaabada RNA ee joogtada ee SARS-CoV-2 waxay noqon karta mid aan cudurka laga helin qaybo kamid ah bukaanada COVID-19.
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
Dhinaca kale, bukaanada la daweeyay waa laga heli karaa cudurka markale.
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
.Natiijooyinka waxay si lama filaan ah u kordhiyaan khatarta faafitaanka fayraska
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
Marka la eego horumarka degdegga ah ee baadhitaanada COVID-19, arimo badan oo cakiran ayaa lagu xalin doona, sida soocota:
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
Halkee ayuu SARS-CoV-2 ka yimid?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
Inkastoo 96% hidde side isu eeg laga helay oo u dhexeeya SARS-CoV-2 iyo labo fiid-meer SARS u eeg CoV yo, wali kumasoo gabagabayn karno in SARS-CoV-2 ka yimid fiid-meer.
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
Xayawaankee ayaa ah noolaha dhexdhexaadka ee faafitaanka faysaka ee kusoo faafay xanuun sidaha, aan dhahno fiid-meer, ilaa bina adamka?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
Iyadoon la aqoon jawaabaha #1 iyo 2, kuma jari karno gudbinta si wax ku ool ah dilaacistana way kasii xumaan kartaa waqti kasta.
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
In kastoo baadhitaanada qaabaynta moodhalada iyo kiimikada ay muujisay in SARS-CoV-2 uu ku dhago ACE2, sidee buu si sax ah u galaa fayrasku hawa mareenka unugyada oo uu ku sababaa isbadalladda baadhitaanada dagdagga ah?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
Fayraska miyuu ku dhagayaa ACE2 ee qeexaya unugyada halwbawlayaal kale?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
La'aanta jawaabo cad ee su'aalahan, ma gaadhi karno baadhitaano degdeg ah saxna ah iyo daaweyn waxtar leh.
How long will the epidemic last?
Intee in dhan ayuu cudurka saf-mareenka sii socon doonaa?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
Sidee ayuu fayraska hidde ahaan u hormaraa inta lagu jiro isu gudbinta bina adamka dhexdiisa?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
Ma waxay noqon doontaa cudur caalami ah aduunka oo dhan, hoos udhaca sida SARS ama kasii xumaanshaha muddo ahaaneed sida hargabka?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
Waa muhiim balse waxaa laga yaaba in ay qaadato waqti si loo raadiyo jawaabaha suaalaha kore iyo suaalo kale ba.
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
Si kasta ha noqotee, kharash kasta oo ay u baahato, ma haysano ikhtiyaar kale balse waa in aan joojinaa cudurkan caalamiga ah sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uguna macquulsan oo aan nolosha kusoo celinaa sidii hore ee caadiga ah.
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
Asalka cudurada xooluha qaadsiiyaan bina'adamka ee koronafayraska
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
Isbadalka hidde sidaha iyo la qabsiga ayaa keenay wada qiimaynta coronavirus (CoV) iyo xanuun sidehooda, ay ku jiraan bina'adamka, kumanaan sanno.
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
Ka hor 2003, laba CoVs (HCoVs) oo aadanaha ku dhaca ayaa lagu yaqaanay inay keenaan jirro fudud, sida hargabka caadiga ah.
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
Dilaacista xanuunka ba'an ee hab neefsiga (SARS) iyo astaamaha xanuunka neef mareenka ee Barigga Dhexe (MERS) ayaa badalay shilinka si uu u mujiiyo sida ay halis u tahay naftana halis ugalinaysa caabuqa HCoV.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
Soo bixitaankii SARS-CoV-2 ee bartamaha Shiinaha dhammaadkii sanadka 2019 ayaa mar kale hoos u dhigay fursadaha CoVs isla markaana wuu naga yaabiyay awooddiisa gudbineed ee aadka u sareeya laakiin waxay hoos u dhigtay faafitaanka marka loo eego walaasheed SARS-CoV.
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
caabuqa fayraska bina adamka ee korona(HCoV) waa cudur ay qaadsiiyaan xooluhu bini adamka fahamka asalka caabuqyada fayraska ee bina adamka(HCoVs).
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
Badanaa HCoV waxay kasoo farcameen fiidmeero lakiin ma aha kuwa cudurka qaadsiin kara.
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
Xanuun sideyaasha dhexe ee kaydiya qaar kamid HCoV yo ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaana.
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
Aqoonsiga xayawaanka martida loo yahay waxay saameyn toos ah ku leeyihiin ka hortagga cudurrada aadanaha.
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
Baritaanka la macaamilka qaadaaha xanuunka CoV ee xayawaanka ayaa sidoo kale keeni karta fahan muhiim oo kusaabsan hormaritaanka cudurka CoV ee bina adamka dhexdiisa.
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
Dib u eegsitan, waxaan kusoo bandhigaynaa dulmarka guud aqoonta laga hayo todobo HCoV yo, anagoo mawjada saarayna taariikhdooda helitaan iyo sidoo kale asal ahaantoda iyo isu gudbinta noolaha dhexdiisa.
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
Muhiimad ahaan, waxaan isbarbar dhignaa oo kala saarnaa farqiga u dhexeeya HCoV yada ee ka imaanaya fikradaha qiimaynta fayraska iyo isku dhafka hidde sidaha.
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
Cudurka faafa ee CoV 2019 (COVID-19) ee hada ayaa looga hadlay xaaladdaan.
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
Intaas waxaa dheer, shuruudaha loo baahanyahay isbedelka xanuun sidaha si guul ah iyo go'aamada kama dambaysta ah ee qiimaynta fayraska ee halista cudurka ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
Coronaviruse yadu (CoVs) waxay kasoo jeedaan qoyska Coronaviridae, kaas oo ka kooban kooxo isku duuban,oo hida sidaha tusiya, fayrasyada hal-xarriglaha ah ee RNA.
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
Fayrasyadan waxay hoy ka dhigtaan hidde sidaha ugu weyn oo ah 26 ilaa 32 kilobases oo ka mid ah fayrasyada RNA ee lagu magacaabay "CoV" sababtoo ah culuumta qaabka noola ah marka lagu fiiriyay maykoroskoob yar.
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
Qaab dhismeed ahaan, CoV yada waxay leeyihiin hidde side aan qaybsanayn si ay ula wadaagaan hal urur.
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
Qiyaas ahaan saddex meelood laba meel oo ah hidde sidaha wuxuu ka koobanyahay laba unug oo waaweyn oo aqriya fariimaha (ORF1a iyo ORF1b), kaasoo loo turjumay pp1a iyo pp1b replicase polyprotiens.
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
Polyprotien yada ayaa markale loo hawlgaliyay si ay usoo saaran 16 borotiino aan qaab-dhismeed lahayn, oo loo qaabeeyay nsp1~16.
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
Qaybta soo hartay ee hidde sidaha wuxuu ka koobanyahy ORF yo loogu tala galay qaab-dhismeedka borotiinada, oo ay ku jiraan spikes (s), envelope (E),), membrane (M) iyo nucleoprotien (N).
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
Tiro borotiino gaar ah oo isku xigxiga ayaa la galiyay meeshii ay ka unkameen meelo ka duwan ee CoVs.
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
Iyadoo lagu salaynayo kala duwanaanshaha isku xigitaanka borotiinka, CoV-yada waxaa loo kala saara afar qaybood (alpha-CoV, bet-CoV, gamma-CoV iyo delta-CoV), kaas oo qaybta bet-CoV ay ka kooban tahay HCoV-yada intooda badan loona sii qaybiyo afar noocyo hore( A, B, C iyo D).
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
Cadaynta daraasada farac ogaanshaha waxay muujisay in fiidmeerta iyo jiirarka ay yihiin hidde sidaha inta badan alpha-CoVs iyo beta-CoVs, halka shimbiraha ay yihiin kaydka ugu wayn ee gamma-CoVs iyo delta-CoVs.
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
Kumanaan sano, CoVs ayaa waxay gudbayeen xayndaabka noocyada noolaha kuwana waxay lasoo ifbaxeen inay yihiin jeermis muhiim u ah bina aadamka.
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
Ilaa hadda, toddobo CoV-yada(HCoV) ee bini'aadanka ayaa la ogyahay.
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
Waxaa kamid ah HCoV-229E iyo HCoV-NL63 kuwaas oo ah alpha-CoV.
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Shanta kale ee beta-CoV yada waxaa kamid ah HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, coronavirus ka astaanta xanuunka neefmareenka ee ba'an (SARS-CoV), coronavirus ka astaanta neefmareenka Bariga Dhexe (MERS-CoV) iyo SARS-CoV-2.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 iyo HCoV-NL63 waxay inta badan sababaan calaamado fudud, sida hargab caadi ah iyo/ama shuban.
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Taa badalkeed, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV iyo SARS-CoV-2 ee mardhaw la ogaaday ayaa si wayn jeermis u leh, iyagoo sababaya caabuqa neefmareenka hoose oo ba'an marka loo fiiriyo bukaano badan oo leh fursad wayn oo ay ku qaadi karaan astaanta walaaca neefmareenka ba'an(ARDS) iyo calaamadaaha saamaynta kabaxsan sanbabada.
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
Jeermiskii ugu horeeyay ee HCoV-229E, B814, waxaa laga soo saaray dheecanka sanka ee bukaanada uu hayay hargabka ee bartankii 1960-meeyadii.
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
Ilaa iyo markaas, aqoon badan ayaa la kororsaday iyadoo loo marayo daraasaad qotodheer oo ku saabsan HCoV-229E iyo HCoV-OC43, labada oo sababaya calaamadaha nafsad xanibidda.
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
Xaqiiq ahaan, mawduuca ayaa si balaaran loo aqbalay in caabuqa la socda HCoV-yada uu guud ahaan yahay dhibaata la'aan ilaa iyo dilaacitaanka SARS.
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
Dilaacitaanka SARS wuxuu dhacay 2003 waana mid kamid ah kuwa ugu ba'naa taariikhda hadda, isagoo ku dhacay in kabadan 8,000 oo qof dhimashaduna ay ku dhawayd 10%.
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
Toban sano kadib, dilaacitaanka astaanta neefmareenka ee Bariga Dhexe(MERS) wuxuu sababay safmareen joogta ah oo ku dhaca Jasiirada Carbeed iyo goosgoos ku faafaya cdunida inteeda kale.
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
HCoV(2019-nCOV) 2019 een caadiga ahayn, kaas oo si isku xigta loogu magac daray SARS-CoV-2, waa shayga sababa safmareenka cudurka cusub ee coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), kaas oo dilay in ka badan 3,120 nafood isagoona ku dhacay in ka badan 91,000 oo qof ilaa Maarso 3, 2020.
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Ganbaleelka wuu garaacmayay aduunkuna waa inay u diyaar garowdaan cudurka faafa ee soo socda ee SARS-CoV-2.
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
Dhamaan toddobada HCoV-yo waxay leeyihiin faraca xanuun xoolaha kasoo gudba ee ka yimid fiidmaaraha, jiirka mise xoolaha gurijoogta ah.
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
Dhawr talaabo oo cadayn ah waxay taageerayaan farac isbadbadalayay ee dhamaan HCoV-yada oo ka yimid fiidmaaraha, halka fayruusyada ay si fiican ula qabsaeen aysana caabuq lahayn laakiin ay muujinayaan kala duwanaansho hiddo oo wayn.
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
Safmareenka COVID-19 wuxuu Shiinaha iyo caalamka hor keenay caqabado waawayn oo dhanka caafimaadka, saynis ahaan, bulsho iyo akhlaaq ah.
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
Baarista asalka xanuunka xoolaha ka gudba ee HCoVs waxay keenayaan qaab lagu fahmo taariikhda dabiiciga ah, awooda kaxaynaysa iyo qodobada xanibaada ee booditaanka nooca noolaha.
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
Tani waxay sidoo kale hagi kartaa ama ay fududayn kartaa raadinta kaydka, dhexdhexaadka iyo kobcinta xoolaha xanuun sidaha ee SARS-CoV-2, oo leh natiijooyin muhiim ah ee ka hortaga ku faafitaanka meela kale ee mustaqbalka.
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
Dib u eegistan waxaan soo bandhigaynaa soo koobitaanka faraca xanuunka xoolaha ka gudba, u gudbinta noolaha kale iyo habka hormarka xanuunka HCoV.
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
Gaar ahaan, waxaan iftiimanaynaa oona ka wada hadlaynaa mawduuca guud ee asalka fayruusyada HCoV-yada ayaa caadiyan ah kuwa jeermis la'aan ah dhanka noolaha ay ku dhacaaan ee kaydka dabiiciga ah laakiin waxay noqonayaa kuwa jeermis leh kadib isu gudbinta noolayaal kala duwan una gudbayo xanuun side kale.
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
Waxaan sidoo kale dib u eegaynaa jihada uu ka farcamay HCoV taas oo kor u kaca isu gudbinta ay badanaa timaado markuu hoos u dhaco jeermisnimadiisu.
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
Natiijada SARS-CoV-2 ee socda oo dilaacay ayaa sidoo kale lagaga hadlay madashan.
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
CoV-yada xoolaha ayaa la yaqaanay ilaa iyo dhamaadkii 1930-meeyadii.
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
Ka hor aragtida jeermiskii koowaad ee HCoV-229E B814 ee waxa sanka kasoo baxa bukaanada qaaday hargabka, CoV-yo kala duwan ayaa la karantiilay dhawr xoolo oo uu ku dhacay, iyadoo ay kamid yihiin digirinka, jiirka, lo'da, doofaarka, bisada iyo eyga.
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
Tobaneeyadii sano ee u dambeeyay, toddobo HCoV-yo ayaa la ogaaday.
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
Soo koobitaan gaaban oo ku saabsan taariikhda ogaanshaha HCoV ee habka uu isugu xigo (Jadwalka 1aad) ayaa noqon doona mid macluumaad leh waxna tusaya.
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
Jeermiska HCoV-229E u horeeyay waxaa lagu arkay neefmareenka bukaanada leh caabuqa neefmareenka kore sanadku markuu ahaa 1966, waxaana si is xigta loo qabadsiiyay inuu ku koro dhinacyada unuga sanbabka ee WI-38.
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
Bukaanada uu ku dhacay HCoV-229E waxay muujiyeen calaamadaha hargabka, oo ay kamid yihiin madax xanuun, hindhiso, deganaasho la'aan iyo cuna xanuun, leh qandho iyo qufac lagu arko 10-20% kiisaska.
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
Dhamaadkii 1967, HCoV-OC43 waxaa laga helay dhaqanka unuga iyo maritaanka taxanaha isku xiga ee maskaxda jiirka.
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
Calaamadaha baaritaanka caabuqa HCoV-OC43 wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu lamidyahay kuwa ay sababeen HCoV-229E, kuwaas oo calaamad ahaan aan laga garan karin caabuqa leh jeermisyada kale ee neefmareenka sida fayraasyadaa influenza A iyo fayraasyada rhino.
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
Labadaba HCoV-229E iyo HCoV-OC43 ayaa ku faafay aduunka oo dhan, waxay na u badantahay in si weyn la isugu gudbiyo inta lagu guda jiro xilliga jilaalka ee heerkulka cimilada.
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
Guud ahaan, mudadda uusan soo mujin labadan fayras way ka yartahay hal isbuuc, waxaana xiggaa qiyaas ahaan laba isbuuc oo xanuun ah.
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
Sida laga soo xiganayo daraasadda ikhtiyaariga ee aadamiga ah, shaqsiyaadka caafimaadka ee uu ku dhacay HCoV-229E waxay lahaayeen hargab dhexdhexaad ah.
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
Kaliya bukaano yar oo difaacooda jirka hooseeya ayaa muujiyay caabuqa ba'an oo ku dhaca tuubooyinka hoose ee neef-mareenka.
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
SARS, ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "burukiito caadiga ah", ayaa markii ugu horeysay si fiican loo diwaan galiyay in uu yahay cudur caalami ah oo uu sababo HCoV taariikhda bina aadamka iyo asbaabaha asalka u ah waa SARS-CoV, HCoV sadexaad ayaa la ogaaday.
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
Kiiskii ugu horeeyay ee SARS ayaa waxaa dib logu raadi raaci karaa dhamaadkii 2002 gudaha gobolka Guangdong ee Shiinaha.
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
Saf-mareenka SARS waxaa ka dhashay 8,096 kiis oo lasoo sheegay oo leh dhimashada 774, asagoo ku faafaya wadama iyo qaarado badan.
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
Marka laga reebo faafiyayaasha ugu waaweyn, waxaa lagu qiyaasay in kiis walba uu keeni karo qiyaas ahaan laba kiis oo dheeri ah, inta lagu guda jiro mudadda uusan muujineyn calaamadaha cudurka oo ah 4 ilaa 7 maalmood iyo awooda ugu saraysa fayraska oo ka muuqanaya maalinta 10aad ee jirada.
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
Bukaanada qaba SARS-CoV marka hore waxay leeyihiin murqo xanuun, madax xanuun, qandho, caajis iyo qabaw, waxaana soo raaca neefsaha xumo, qufac iyo dhibaato neef-mareenka oo ah caalamada danbe.
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
Yaraanta dhiiga cad, tijaabooyinka yaraanta shaqada beerka, iyo creatine kinase kor loo qaaday ayaa ah dhibaatooyin shaybaar ee caadiga ah ee SARS.
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
Faafitaanka daawacyada alveolar, xuubka daloolada jirka oo tarmaya iyo kororka macrophages ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay bukaanada SARS.
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
Qiyaas ahaan 20-30% ayaa ugu danbeyn u baahan daryeel caadimaad oo dagdaga iyo neef-siin mashiineed
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Intaas waxaa dheer si aad hoos ugu dhigto tuubooyinka hoose ee neef-mareenka, halbawlaayaal badan oo ay ku jiraan tuubooyinka xiidmaha, wadnaha iyo kalida ayaa sidoo kale la qaadsiin karaa caabuqa kiisaskan ba'an, badanaa waxaa weheliya siidaynta cytokine, kaas oo laga yaabo in uu halis ku yahay gar ahaan bukaanada awoododa difaac hooseyso.
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
Fayraska markii ugu horeysay waxaa laga karantiilay baaritaano furan oo sanbabka laga qaaday bukaanada ka ag dhaw kuwaas oo u safray Hong Kong kana yimid Guangzhou.
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
Ilaa markaas, dadaalo aad u badan ayaa loo horey in badhitaano cilmiyeed lagu sameeyo HCoV.
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
HCoV-NL63 ayaa waxaa loo karantiilay canug 7-bilood jir ah oo Netherlands ka yimid intii lagu jiray dhamaadkii 2004.
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
Markii hore waxaa la ogaaday in uu si aad ah ugu faafo caruurta yaryar, dadka da'da ah iyo bukaanada difaacoodu jirku hooseeyo oo qaba xanuunada neef-mareenka.
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
Muujinta bararka xuubka sanka, bararka insha, qandho, iyo bararka tuubooyinka neef-mareenka ayaa ah wax u caada ah cudurka uu sababo HCoV-NL63.
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
Daraasad kale oo madax banaan ayaa lagu qeexay karantiilida isla cudurkan oo baritaano sanka laga qaaday wiil 8-bilood jira oo la xanuunsan burukiito gudaha Netherlands.
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
Inkastoo lagu arkay Netherlands, xaqiiqdii aduunka oo dhan ayay ku faaftay.
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
Waxaa lagu qiyaasay in HCoV-NL63 ayaa ah qiyaas ahaan 4.7% cudurada caadiga ah ee neef-mareenka, dhacdooyinkeeda ugu sareeya na waxay dhacaan bilawga xagaaga, guga iyi jilaalka.
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63 waxaa la halmaala bararka dhuunta oo xiraayo, sidoo kale loo yaqaan bararka dhuunta.
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
Isla sanadkaas, HCoV-HKU1 waxaa laga helay nin 71-jir ah kaas oo laga daaweynayay burunkiito iyo bararka tuubooyinka neef-mareenka gudaha Hong Kong.
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
Ka sokow burukiitada ay bulshada dhexdeeda is qaadsiisay iyo bararitaanka tuubooyinka neef-mareenka, HCoV-HKU1 ayaa la sheegay in uu weheliyo xiiq ba'an oo kasii daraysa.
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
Mid la mid ah HCoV-NL63,HCoV-229E iyo HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 ayaa laga helay aduunka oo dhan, asaago sababaya cudurada neef-mareenka oo fudud.
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
Dhamaan afar tan HCoVs yada ee bulshada laga helay ayaa si wanaagsan ula qabsaday bina aadamka oo guud ahaan ka yar in ay korto oo ay keento cudur faafa oo aad usareeya, inkastoo dhacdooyin ay dheceen sababo aan la ogayn balse ay naadir tahay in kuwa u badan noocyada fayras ee HCoV-NK63, kaas oo hada la soo sheegay in uu sababo caabuqa ba'an ee u tuubooyinka hoose ee neef-mareenka ee gudaha Shiinaha.
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
Guud ahaan, marka HCoV yada u baahdaan awoodaha gudbitaan oo waxtar leh iyo in ay sii wadaan in ay si joogta usii jooga bina adamka dhexdiisa, waxay noqdaan kuwa uyar sun ahaan ama kuwa jeermis badan oo faafa.
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
MERS-CoV ayaa markii ugu horeysay laga helay 2012 kii wadnaha bukaan 60-jir ah kaas oo lagu arkay burukiito ba'an iyo kalyo fadhiisi gudaha Sacuudi Carabiya.
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
Halka inta badan kiisaska lagu xaqiijiyay baaritaano shaybaar oo ay kasoo farcantay Bariga Dhexe, kiisaska lasoo dhoofiyay oo leh faafitaan dheeri ah dadka la macaamila ayaa laga soo sheegay wadamo kala duwan oo Yurub ah iyo Tuniisiya.
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
Faafitaan kale oo dheeri ah ayaa ka dhacay Kuuriyada Koonfureed sanadkii 2015 iyada oo 186 kiis na la xaqiijiyay.
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
Muujimaha caafimaad ahaaneed ee MERS waxay shabahaan kuwa SARS, kuwaas oo lagu sifeeyay burunkiito ba'an oo aad u hormaraysa.
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
Si ka duwan MERS, bukaano badan oo qaba MERS ayaa lagu arkay kalyo fadhiisi, kaas oo si aad ah uga duwan MERS ka ay sababaan cudurada HCoV.