atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
By March, shortages and insufficient amounts of reagent has become a bottleneck for mass testing in the EU and UK and the US.
Taasi waxa ay horseedey in qoraayada qaar ay kormeeraan nidaamka diyaarinta muunada oo markaa ay ku jirto diirinta muunada 98 C (208 C) mudo 5 daqooq ah si markaa looga saaro RNA genomes shaybaadhka dheeraadka ah. 31 Maarso waxaa uu Imaataadka ku dhawaaqay inuu shaybaadh dheeraad ah ku samanayo shacabkiida oo Coronavirus ah oo dadka ah taas oo ka badan dal kasta oo kale, oo uu markaa la socdo miisaanka heerka shaybaadhka si uu u gaadho tiro badan oo shacabka ah.
This has led some authors to explore sample preparation protocols that involve heating samples at 98 °C (208 °F) for 5 minutes to release RNA genomes for further testing.On 31 March it was announced United Arab Emirates was now testing more of its population for Coronavirus per head than any other country, and was on track to scale up the level of testing to reach the bulk of the population.
Tani waxay ahayd isku darka awooda gaadhiga iyada oo la wato lagu soo dhaxmayo, iibsiga shaybaadhada yaryar ee Group 42 iyo BGI (taas oo ku sugan shaybaadhkooda la socodka xaalada degdeg ah ee "Huo-Yan" ee China).
This was through a combination of drive-through capability, and purchasing a population-scale mass-throughput laboratory from Group 42 and BGI (based on their "Huo-Yan" emergency detection laboratories in China).
Waxaa la dhisay 14 maalmood, shaybaadhku waxa uu awood u leeyahay in lagu sameeyo toban kun shaybaadhka RT-PCR maalintii oo waxaana weeye kii kowaad ee caalamka ee heerkan ah ee ka shaqeeya meel ka baxsan Jayna.
Constructed in 14 days, the lab is capable of conducting tens of thousands RT-PCR tests per day and is the first in the world of this scale to be operational outside of China.
Isku darka shaybaadhka ee kala duwan ee markaa lagu bartilmaameedsanayo qaybaha kala duwan ee hide sidaga coronavirus macluumaadkiisa ayaa lagu sameeyay Jayna, Faransiiska, Jarmalka, Hong Kong, Jabaan iyo Maraykanka.
Different testing recipes targeting different parts of the coronavirus genetic profile were developed in China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States.
Hay'ada Caafimaadka Adduunka waxa ay qaadatay isku darka Jermal ee soo samaynta bushqada loo dirayo dalalka dakhligoodu hooseeyo ee markaa aan lahayn khayraad ay leeyihiin oo ay isticmaalaan.
The World Health Organization adopted the German recipe for manufacturing kits sent to low-income countries without the resources to develop their own.
Waxyaabaha uu ka kooban yahay ee Jarmalka waxaa la baahiyay 17 Janaayo 2020; nidaamka ay sameeyeen Xarunta Xakamaynta iyo Kahortaga Xanuunada Maraykanka muu soo bixin ilaa 28 Janaayo, taas oo markaa dib u dhigay shaybaadhka la heli karayay Maraykanka. Jayna iyo Maraykanka waxay mushkilad kala kulmeen kalsooniga bushqada shaybaadhka ee intii hore ee safmarka, oo dalalkan iyo Awstaraaliya waxa ay waayeen bushqado ku filan dalabka iyo shaybaadhka ay ku taliyeen khabiirada caafimaadku.
The German recipe was published on 17 January 2020; the protocol developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control was not available until 28 January, delaying available tests in the U.S.China and the United States had problems with the reliability of test kits early in the outbreak, and these countries and Australia were unable to supply enough kits to satisfy demand and recommendations for testing by health experts.
Sidaas cakiskeed, khabiiradu waxay sheegeen in helitaanka balaadhan Koonfurta Kuuriya ee shaybaadhku inay ka caawisay yaraynta faafitaanka novel coronavirus.
In contrast, experts say South Korea's broad availability of testing helped reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus.
Awooda shaybaadhka, oo inta badan ah shaybaadhada gaarka loo leeyahay, waxaa ay dhistay sanaado badan dawlada Koonfurta Kuuriyii.
Testing capacity, largely in private sector labs, was built up over several years by the South Korean government.
Maarso 16, Hay'ada Caafimaadka Adduunku waxa ay ugu baaqday in la isku keeno barnaamijyada shaybaadhka taas oo ay qaabka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu yarayn karo faafitaanka safmarka COVID-19. Dalabka sare ee shaybaadhka ee markaa faafitaanka sareeya ee xanuunku uu keeney waxa uu keenayaa in ay boqolaal kun oo shaybaadh ay ku xanibmaan shaybaadhada gaarka loo leeyahay ee Maraykanka, iyo agabka muunada lagu qaado iyo kiimikadaga ayaa yaraatay.
On 16 March, the World Health Organization called for ramping up the testing programmes as the best way to slow the advance of COVID-19 pandemic.High demand for testing due to wide spread of the virus caused backlogs of hundreds of thousands of tests at private U.S. labs, and supplies of swabs and chemical reagents became strained.
Maarso 2020 Jayna waxa ay mushkilad ka sheegtey kalsoonida lagu qabi karo bushqada shaybaadhkooda.
In March 2020 China reported problems with accuracy in their test kits.
Maraykanka, bushqada shaybaadhka ee ay samaysay CDC waxbaa ka "khaldanaa;" dawladu kadibna waxa ay meesha ka saartay wixii kahorjoogay shaybaadhada gaarka ah. Isbayn waxa ay ka iibsatay bushqado shaybaadh ah shirkada Jayniiska ah ee Shenzhen Bioesy Biotecnology Co Ltd. kuwaas oo la ogaaday inay natiijadoodu khaldan yihiin.
In the United States, the test kits developed by the CDC had "flaws;" the government then removed the bureaucratic barriers that had prevented private testing.Spain purchased test kits from Chinese firm Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co Ltd, but found that results were inaccurate.
Shirkadu waxa ay sharaxday in natiijada khaldan ay ka timid muunada aan la qaaday ama isticmaal khaldan oo bushqada ah.
The firm explained that the incorrect results may be a result of a failure to collect samples or use the kits correctly.
Wasiiska Isbwayn ayaa sheegey inay ka noqonayaan bushqada natiijooyinka khaladka sheegey, oo waxa ay badali doonaa bushqada kala duwan ee shaybaadhka ee laga ay sameeyeen Shenzhen Bioeasy. 80% bushqada shaybaadhak ee Jamhuuriyada Jeegu ka iibsatay Jayna waxa ay soo saareen natiijo been ah. Isloofaakiya waxay ka iibsatay 1.2 milyan oo bushqada shaybaadhka ah Jayna kuwaas oo natiijo khaldan soo saarayay.
The Spanish ministry said it will withdraw the kits that returned incorrect results, and would replace them with a different testing kit provided by Shenzhen Bioeasy.80% of test kits the Czech Republic purchased from China gave wrong results.Slovakia purchased 1.2 million test kits from China which were found to be inaccurate.
Raysal Wasaare Matovic waxa uu sheegey in kuwan lagu daadiyo Danube. Kara Wasiirka Caafimaadka Turkey waxa uu sheegey in bushqada shaybaadhka ee ay ka iibsadeen Jayna uu "khaladkoodu badnaa" oo markaa "ayna isticmaalin." Ingiriisku waxa uu ka iibsaday Jayna 3.5 milyan oo bushqadaha shaybaadhka ah laakiin horaantii Abriil 2020 waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in aan la isticmaali karin.
Prime Minister Matovič suggested these be dumped into the Danube.Ateş Kara of the Turkish Health Ministry said the test kits Turkey purchased from China had a "high error rate" and did not "put them into use."The UK purchased 3.5 million test kits from China but in early April 2020 announced these were not usable.
Shaybaadhka, oo ay daba socoto karantiimada dadka laga heley iyo kuwa lagu arkay raadka dadka qaban SARS-CoV-2 inay u dhawaadeen, taas oo keentay in markaa laga helo.
Testing, followed with quarantine of those who tested positive and tracing of those with whom the SARS-CoV-2 positive people had had contact, resulted in positive outcomes.
Cilmi baadhayaasha ka shaqaynaya magaalada Talyaaniga ee Vo, meeshii ugu horeeyay ee qof COVID-19 u dhinta lagu arkay Talyaaniga, waxa ay sameeyeen wareeg labaad oo shaybaadhka ah oo shacabka dhan ah oo ah ilaa 3.400 ruux, oo markaa isku jiray toban maalmood.
Researchers working in the Italian town of Vò, the site of the first COVID-19 death in Italy, conducted two rounds of testing on the entire population of about 3,400 people, about ten days apart.
Ilaa kalbadh dadka laga heley wax calaamado ah may lahayn, oo dhamaana dadka laga heley waa la karantimeeyay.
About half the people testing positive had no symptoms, and all discovered cases were quarantined.
Iyada oo xadidaad la saari doono saxdaalka, tani waxay gebi ahaanba meesha ka saaraysaa xanuunka.
With travel to the commune restricted, this eliminated new infections completely.
Markii si wayn loogu soo jeedasay kadaba taga meesha laga qaaday, xadidaada meelaha laga socdaalo, shaybaadhka iyo karantiimada, safmarka coronavirus 2020 ee Singaaboor waxa lagu arkay in faafitaankiisu aad uga yaraan dalalka kale ee horumaray, laakiin iyada oo aan si wayn loo adkaynin xidhitaanka maqaaxiyaha iyo tukaamada.
With aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore has proceeded much more slowly than in other developed countries, but without extreme restrictions like forced closure of restaurants and retail establishments.
Munaadabado badan ayaa la joojiyya, oo Singaaboor waxa ay markii ugu horeysay dadka u sheegtey inay joogaan guryahooda 28 Maarso, laakiin dugsiyada waxaa dib loo furay fasaxii kadib 23 Maarso.
Many events have been cancelled, and Singapore did start advising residents to stay at home on 28 March, but schools reopened on time after holiday break on 23 March.
Dhawr dal oo kale ayaa ku xakameeyaya safmarka dadaal adag oo ay ku galeen meesha ay dadku ka qaadeen, xadidaada safarka meelaga uu ka bilaabmo, shaybaadh iyo karantiimo laakiin amarka joogitaanka guriga ee markaa aan sidaa u adkayn sida Ayslan iyo Koonfurta Kuuriya.
Several other countries have also managed the pandemic with aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, but with less aggressive lock-downs, such as Iceland and South Korea.
Tirakoobka daraasada waxa lagu odaaday in dalalkaas ay sameen shaybaadho aad u badan, ee markaa tirada dadka waawayn ee dhintay, ay markaa yarayd tirada ka dhimatay, taas oo ay dhici karto inay keentay ay si wanaagsan u ogaan kareen marka uu calaamado yar ama wax calaamad ahi ayna jirin xataa.
A statistical study has found that countries that have tested more, relative to the number of deaths, have much lower case fatality rates, probably because these countries are better able to detect those with only mild or no symptoms.
WHO waxay ku talinyaa in dalalka aan lahayn awooda shaybaadh iyo shaybaadho qaran oo markaa khibradoodu xadidan yahay COVID-19 inay u diraan inta ugu horeysa ee laga helo uyo tobanka ugu horeey ee laga waayo COVID-19 muunadaha mid kamid ah 16 shaybaadh ee WHO si ay u xaqiijiyaan shaybaadhada.
WHO recommends that countries that do not have testing capacity and national laboratories with limited experience on COVID-19 send their first five positives and the first ten negative COVID-19 samples to one of the 16 WHO reference laboratories for confirmatory testing.
Shaybaadh 16ka ah, 7 kamid ah ayaa ku yaala Aasiya, 5 waa Yurub, 2 Afrika, 1 Waqooyiga Maraykanak iyo 1 Austaraaliya ah.
Out of the 16 reference laboratories, 7 are in Asia, 5 in Europe, 2 in Africa, 1 in North America and 1 in Australia.
Shaxda soo socotaa, qaybta "Laga heley ee % ee shaybaadada" waxaa markaa muquuniyay xeerka shaybaadhka dalka.
In the following chart, the column “Positive as % of tests” is influenced by the country's testing policy.
Dalka kaliya baadha dadka la dhigaqy isbitaalka waxa laga heleyaa % badan oo shaybaadhka dalka baadhay dhamaan dadkiisa, hadii ay leeyihiin calaamado iyo hadii kaleba, marka laga tago inay waxa iskaga mid noqonayaan.
A country that only tests people admitted to hospitals will have a higher positive as % of tests than a country that tests all citizens, whether or not they are showing symptoms, other things being equal.
Gacmo maydhiga (ama gacmomaydhiga), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano nadiifinta gacmaha, waxaa weeye sharci uu qofku ku nadiifinayo gacmiisa si uu markaa uga nadiifiyo ciida, saliid ijiinta, cayayaanka, iyo wixii kale ee wasakh ah.
Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands for the purpose of removing soil, grease, microorganisms, or other unwanted substances.
Gacmo dhaqista (ama gacmomayrka), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano nadiifinta gacmaha, waxaa weeye sharci uu qofku ku nadiifinayo gacmiisa si uu markaa uga nadiifiyo ciida, dufanka, cayayaanka, ama walxaha kale ee aan loo baahnayn.
Hand washing with soap consistently at certain "critical moments" during the day prevents the spread of many diseases, for example diarrhoea and cholera, which are transmitted through fecal–oral route.
In gacmaha lagu maydho sabuun si joogto ahi runtii "wakhtiyadan adag" maalintii waxa ay kahortagtaa faafitaanka xanuuno badan, tusaale ahaan shubanka iyo kolooraha, kaas oo markaa lagu kala qaado candhuufta.
People can also become infected with respiratory diseases such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth (i.e., mucous membranes).
Dadku waxa ay sido kale qaadi karaan cudurada neefsashada sida hargabka ama durayga, tusaale ahaan, hadii ayna mayrin gacmahooda oo ay kadibna taabtaan indhahooda, sanka ama afka (sida, dheecaanka).
The five critical moments during the day where washing hands with soap is important include: before and after defecation, after cleaning a child's bottom or changing nappies, before feeding a child, before eating and before and after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Shan mar oo xasaasi ah maalintii oo ay markaa in gacmaha lagu mayrto saabuuntu ay muhiim tahay: kahor iyo kadib marka wax la nadiifiyo, kadib marka ilmaha dabada laga mayro ama laga badalo xafaayada, ka hor inta aadan quudin cunnuga, kahor cunnada iyo ka hor diyaarinta cuntada ama qabashada hilibka ceyriinka ah, kalluunka, ama digaagga.
If water and soap are not available, hands can be cleaned with ash.The World Health Organization recommends washing hands:
Hadii aanad haysan sabuun iyo biyo, gacmaha waa lagu nadiifin karaa dambas.Hay'ada Caafimaadka Adduunka waxay nagula talinaysaa gacmo dhaqidda:
Before, during, and after preparing food.
Kahor, inta lagu jiro, iyo kadib diyaarinta cuntada.
Before and after caring for a sick person.
Kahor iyo kadib marka loo adeego qof xanuunsanaya.
After changing the diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet.
Kadib marka laga badalo xafaada ama loo maydho ilmo suuliga isticmaalay.
After blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing.
Ka dib markaad buufiso sankaaga, qufacdo ama hindhisto.
After touching animal, animal feed, or animal waste.
Ka dib taabashada xayawaanka, quudinta xayawaanka, ama qashinka xoolaha.
Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Nadaafadda gacanta ee caafimaadka waxaa loola jeedaa dhaqamada nadaafadda ee la xiriira nidaamyada caafimaadka.
Hand washing before administering medicine or medical care can prevent or minimize the spread of disease.
Gacmo maydhista kahor inta aan la bixin dawo ama daryeelka caafimaadku waxa uu kahortagaa ama yareeyaa faafitaanka xanuunada.
The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) and chemicals which can cause harm or diseases.
Ujeedada caafimaad ee ugu weyn ee dhaqitaanka gacmaha waa in laga nadiifiyo gacmaha caabuqyada (bakteeriyada, fayraska, ama cayayaan kale ee keeni kara xanuun) iyo kiimikooyin sababi kara waxyeelo ama cuduro.
This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public.
Tani waxa ay si gaar ah muhiim u tahay dadka cuntada ka shaqeeya ama dadka caafimaadka ka shaqeeya, laakiin waxa sidoo kale ay muhiim u tahay shacabka guud ahaan.
Hand washing has many health benefits, including minimizing the spread of influenza, coronavirus, and other infectious diseases; preventing infectious causes of diarrhea; decreasing respiratory infections;
Gacmo maydhigu waxa uu leeyahay faa'idooyin badan oo caafimaad, oo ay ku jiraan yaraynta faafitaanka hargabka, coronavirus, iyo xanuuna kale; waxa uu baajiyaa caabuqa keena shubanka; caabuqa xanuunada neefsiga;
and reducing infant mortality rate at home birth deliveries.
oo waxa uu yareetaa xadiga dhimashada ee caruurta guriga lagu dhalo.
A 2013 study showed that improved hand washing practices may lead to small improvements in the length growth in children under five years of age.
Daraasad la sameeyay 2013 ayaa muujinaysa in hormarka lagu sameeyo nidaamka gacmo maydhigu uu horseedi karo in hormar lagu sameeyo mudada koriinka ilmaha ee markaa ka yar shan jirka.
In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap.
Dalalka soo koraya, xadiga dhimashada caruurta ee markaa la xidhiidha mushkiladaha neefsiga iyo xanuunada shubanka waxaa lagu yarayn karaa isaga oo kaliya la badalo habdhaqanka, sida gacmaha oo sabuun lagu maydho.
This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50%.
Talaabadan fudud waxa ay yarayn kartaa xadiga dhimashada ee xanuunadan ilaa 50%.
Interventions that promote hand washing can reduce diarrhoea episodes by about a third, and this is comparable to providing clean water in low income areas.
Ololaha samaynaya wacyi gelinta gacmo maydhigu waxa uu yarayn karaa inuu yimaado shuban ilaa sadex meelood oo meel, oo taas waxa u dhigma biyaha nadiifta ah ee lasiiyo aaga dadka dakhligoodu hooseeyo.
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
Yaraynta 48% shubanku waxa uu la xidhiidhaa gacmaha oo lagu maydho saabuun. Gacmaha oo lagu maydho saabuun waxa uu noqon karaa shayga ugu muhiimsan ee uguna jaban ee looga hotagi karo shubanka iyo caabuqa aadka u aran ee neefsiga (ARI), taas oo markaa ah shay si toos ah loogu samayn karo guriga, dugsiyada, iyo bulshada oo dhan.
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
Xanuunka sanbabka, ARI aad u wayn, waxaa weeye waxa ugu horreya ee keena dhimashada caruurta ka yar shan sano jirka, kaas oo markaa dila qiyaastii 1.8 milyan oo caruur ah sanadkii.
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
Shubanka iyo xanuunka sanbabka marka la isku daro waxa ay sababaan ilaa 3.5 milyan oo caruur ah dhimashadood sanadkii.
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
Sida ay sheegtey UNICEF, in gacmaha lagu maydho saabuun kahor inta aan cunta da la cunin iyo marka suuliga laga soo baxo oo laga dhigto dhaqan waxa ay badbaadin kartaa nolosha wax ka badan talaal kasta ama daawayn, oo waxa ay baajisaa shubanka kala badh iyo kala badh dhimashada xanuunada neefsiga sadexdii biloodba.
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
Gacmo maydhiga waxaa caadiyan la dhax galiyaa wacyi gelinta nadaafada ee kale taas oo kamid ah biyaha, nadaafada, iyo nadiifinta barnaamijyada ah (WASH).
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
Gacmo maydhigu waxa ay sidoo kale dadka ka ilaaliyaa caabuqa maqaarka ee markaa taabashada ku gudba.
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
Saamayn yar oo xun oo gacmaha maydhiga joogtada ahi waxaa weeye in gacmo maydhiga joogtada ahi ay keeni karaan in maqaarku uu qalalo.
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
Daraasad Denmark lagu sameeyay 2012 ayaa lagu ogaaday in gacmo maydhiga badan uu keeni karo cuncun, inay maqaarku uu yeesho xanuun sida eczema ama cuncun iyo finan, taas oo badanaa lagu yaqaan shaqaalaha daryeelka caafimaadka.
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
In gacmaha in badan la maydhaa waxaa loo yaqaan calaamadaha lagu yaqaan khalkhalka kaga dhaga qofka wax (OCD).
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Waxa jira shan mar oo muhiim ay tahay maalintii in gacmaha lagu maydho saabuuni ay muhiim tahay si markaa loo yareeto in xanuunku qofka afka ka galo: kadib marka aad suuliga isticmaasho (kaadida, saxarada), kadib marka aad ilmo dabada ka maydho (ka badalka xafaayada), kahor inta aanad quudin ilmaha, kahor inta aanad wax cunin iyo kahor/kadib diyaarinta cuntada ama ka shaqaynta hilibka, kaluunka, ama digaaga qaydhiin.
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
Marar kale oo marka gacmo maydhiga saxda ah ay tahay in la isticmaalaa waa marka laga hortago faafitaanka xanuunka oo ay ku jirto kahor iyo kadib u daawaynta naburka ama dhaawaca; kadib marka ka hindhiso, qufaco, ama duufka la iska bi'iyo: kadib marka saxarada xayawaan la taabto ama xayawaan laga shaqeeyo; iyo kadib marka qashinka la taabto.
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
Dalal badan, waxaa gacaha ku maydha saabuun dad yar.
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
Daraasad ayaa muujinaysaa in 54 dal 2015 la ogaaday in celcelis ahaan, 38.7% qoysaska ku dhaqma gacmo-dhaqashada saabuunta lagu dhaqo. Daraasad la sameeyay 2014 ayaa muujisay in Sacuudi Carabiya ay heysato saamiga ugu sareeya boqolkiiba 97; Mareykanka oo u dhow dhexe oo leh boqolkiiba 77; iyo Shiinaha oo leh heerka ugu hooseeya ee 23 boqolkiiba. Habab dhowr ah oo dabeecadda ah oo isbeddelka ah ayaa hadda jira si loo kordhiyo qaadashada dhaqanka gacmo-dhaqashada waqtiyada xasaasiga ah. Gacmo-dhaqashada kooxeed ee carruurta dugsiga waqtiyada go'an ee maalinta ayaa ah ikhtiyaar u ah waddamada soo koraya inay gacan ka geystaan dhaqitaanka gacmaha dhaqamada carruurta.
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education.
"Barnaamijka Daryeelka Caafimaadka Daruuriga ah" oo ay dhaqan gelinayso Waaxda Waxbarashada ee Filibiin waa tusaale misaanka ficilka si markaa loogu horumariyo caafimaadka caruurta iyo waxbarashada.
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
Iyada oo la bixinayo laba jeer sanadkii, in lagu daro ku farxalashada saabuunta, ilkaha oo la cadayo oo la findhicisho, ayaa asal u ah barnaamijkamn qaran.
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
Waxaa sidoo kale si wanaagsan looga dhaqan geliyay Indooniisiya.
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
In maqaarka laga baabi'yo cayayaanka waxaa kor u qaada sabuun ama wasakhtire biyo leh.
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
Talaabada ugu wayn ee sabuunta iyo taydhahu waa in lagu yareeyo caqabadaha xalka, oo kor loogu qaado milankooda.
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
Biyaha kaliya kuma filna maqaarka in lagu nadiifiyo maadaama oo duxda iyo borootiintu, kuwaas oo qayb ka ah ciida dabiiciga ah, biyaha kuma milmaan.
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
Nadiifinta ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa caawiya qulqulka biyaha ee macquulka ah.
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
Saabuunta adag, maadaama oo dib loo isticmaali karo, waxa saarnaan kara baakteeriyadii kasoo hadhay isticmaalkii hore.
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
Daraasado yar oo lagu eego kasoo gudubka baakteeriyada sabuunta wasakhaysan ayaa oo la sameeyay ayaa muujiyay inay adag tahay in baakteeriyadu ay biyaha ka raacdo.
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable".
CDC waxay ku talisaa "in saabuunta dareeraha ah ee gacantu ayna soo gaadhaynin ee markaa weelka kasoo baxdaa ay ka wanaagsan tahay".
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
Saabuunta baakhteeriyada disha waaa si wayn loogu xayaysiiyaa si markaa shacabka caafimaadka waxay u tarayso ay u ogaadaan.
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
Ilaa maanta, ma jiraan wax caddeyn ah oo sheegaya in la adeegsado cayayaan dileyaasha ama jeermis dileyaasha lagu taliyaa ee loo doortay cayayaanka antiboodigu aanu waxba ka qaadan inuu dabiici yahay.
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saabuunta bakteeriyada disha waxa ku jira wax bakteeriyada dila caadiyan sida triclosan, kaas oo markaa uu ku jiro wax cayayaanta iska caabiya oo laaya.
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
Marka, xitaa haddii noocyada dawooyinka u adkaysiga antibiyootiga aan loo xushay saabuunta bakteeriyada dila, waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u noqon wax waxtar ah sidii loo suuqgeeyay.
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
Ka sokow iyada oo laga duulayo dusha iyo ilaaliyaha maqaarka, qaababka casriyeysan waxaa ku jiri kara aashito (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) sida aaladda xakamaynta pH, acid benzoic acid firfircoon iyo qaboojiyeyaasha maqaarka ee dheeraad ah (aloe vera, fiitamiinnada, menthol, soosaarka dhirta). Qiimayn is barbar dhig oo ay samaysay Jaamacada Oregon Waaxda Caafimaadka Shacabka ayaa muujinaysa in saabuunta saafiga ah ay wax utarto sida saabuunta macaamiisha loogu talo geley ee saabuunta bakteeriyada disha ee uu ku jiro triclosan kahortaga iyo meesha ka saarida bakteeriyada ee gacmaha.
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
Biyaha kulul ee gacantu qaadi kartaa maaha biyaha kulul ee baakteeriyada dilaya.
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
Taranka bakteeriyada ayaa bata marka heerkulka jirku noqdo (37°C).
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
Laakiin, biyaha diiranee saabuunta leh waxa ay ka waxtar badan yihiin biyaha qabaw ee saabuunta leh marka la eego maydhisa saliida dabiiciga ah ee markaa ciida iyo baakteeriyada qabata.
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
Si kasoo horjeeda waxa ay dadku aaminsan yahay, daraasad saynisyahano ayaa muujinaysa in isticmaalka biyaha diiran ayna wax saamayn ah ku lahayn yaraynta cayayaanka saaran gacmaha.
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
Gacmo nadiifiyaha ama gacmo cayayaan ka dilaha waxaa weeye nadiifiye gacanta oo markaa biyo aan loo isticmaalin.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
Dhamaadkii 1990-yaadkii iyo horaantii qarnihii 21aad, gacmo nadiifiyaha biya aan loo isticmaalin ee aalkoloda leh (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanay gacmo lagu jijibiyaha alkohooshe leh, cayayaan ka dilaha gacmaha ee lagu jijibiyo, ama gacmo nadiifiye) ayaa markaa soo caan baxay.
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
Badankood waxaa weeye aalkoloda isopropyl ama kuwa ethanol ay samaysay oo markaa uu la socdo kuwa lagu dhuubo ee Carbomer (polymer ee acrylic aashato) oo markaa laga dhigay jeel, ama humectant sida glycerin oo dareere laga dhigay, ama xumbadu si markaa si fudud loogu isticmaali karo oo noola yareero saamaynta qalalka ee aalkolada.
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
Marka lagu daro aalada hydrogen-peroxide la milay waxa ay kordhisaa hawsha dilida cayayaanka.Nadiifiyaha gacmaha ee markaa ay ku jirto ugu yaraan 60 ilaa 95% aalkolo waxa ay ku filan tahay dilida jeermiska.
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
In alkahoosha gacmaha lagu nadiifiyo waxa uu dilaa baaktiiriyada, baakteeriyada dawadu ayna dilin (MRSA iyo VRE), qaaxada, iyo fayrusyada qaar (oo ay ku jiraan HIV, herpes, RVS, rhinovirus, vaccinai, hargabka, iyo jooniska) iyo fayruska.
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Aalkolada gacmaha lagu jijibiyo ee nadiifiyaha ahi ee uu ku jiro 70% aalkolada waxa ay dishaa 99.97% (3.5 duwaanka yaraynta, sidoo kale 35 yaraynta tirada) baakteeriyada gacaha saaran 30 ilbidhiqsi kadib marka la mariyo iyo 99.99% ilaa 99.999% (4 ilaa 5 duwaan yarayn) bakteeriyada gacanta saaran 1 daqiiqo kadib marka la mariyo.Gacme nadiifiyaha ayaa wax wanaagsan ka tara bakteeriyada oo waxa badan kama taraan fayrasyada.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Gacmo nadiifiyaha alkohoosha leh badanaa waxba kama taraan norovirus (ama Norwalk) fayrusyada ah kuwaas oo ah kuwa ugu badan ee keena gestroentertis. Waa in gacmaha jeermis dile ama alkohool wanaagsan loo isticmaalaa isku xoqa inta ay qoyan yihiin ama si wanaagsan loo wada gaadhsiiyaa labada gacmood.,
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Xaga hore iyo dhabarka labada gacmood iyo inta u dhaxeyssa iyo dhamaadka dhamaan faraha ayaa la isku xoqayaa celcelis ahaan 30 ilbidhiqsi ilaa inta dareeraha, xumbada ama jeelku ay engego.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Faraha caaradooda waa in sidoo kale la maydhaa, labada calaacalood la isku xoqaa. Xarunta Maraykanka ee Xakamaynta iyo Kahortaga Xanuunadu waxa ay ku talinaysaa gacmo maydhiga gacmaha dushooda lagu xoqayo gacmo nadiifiyaha, gaar ahaan marka ay gacmuhu aad u uskag yihiin.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
Isticmaalka badan ee waxyaabahan waxa ay ku xiran tahay isticmaalkooda fudud iyo dilitaankooda wax ku oolka ah ee cayayaanka; laakiin, waa inayna noqon badalka gacmo nadiifiyaha munaadabka ah iyada oo la waayo saabuun iyo biyo mooyee.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Isticmaalka joogtada ah ee gacmo nadiifiyaha alkohoosha leh waxa uu keeni karaa maqaar qalal iyada oo ay ku jiraan maqaar qooye iyo/ama emollients qaacidada.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Saamaynta qalaylka ee alkohoosha waxaa lagu yarayn karaan ama meesha lagaga saaraa glycerin iyo/ama emollient kale oo qaadida laguu daro.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
Tijaabada caafimaadka, gacmo nadiifiyaha aalkolada leh ee markaa uu ku jiro emollients keeno dhibta maqaarka ee yar iyo qalaylka marka loo eego saabuunta ama saabuunta cayayaanka disha.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Xasaasiyada taabashada dematitis, qaadida xanuunka urticaria ama kacsanaanta ee alkohoosha ama waxa la socda alkohoosha ee gacmo isku xoqa ayaan badanaa iman.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Heerka hoose ee lagu yaraynayo dhibta taabashada dematitis ayaa markaa noqota mid laga helo marka loo eego fardhaqa saabuunta iyo biyaha.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
Inkasta oo ay leeyihiin saamayn, wixii biyaha aan ahayn kama dhaqaan gacmaha wixii dabiici ah, kaliya jeermiska ayay ka dilaan.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Waana sababta keentay in gacmo nadiifiyuhu ayna wax u tarin sida saabuunta iyo biyaha kahortaga faafitaanka cayayaanka, maadaama uu cayayaanku saarnaan doono gacmaha.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Gacmo nadiifiyaha aan alkahoosha lahayn waxa uu si wayn ugu tiirsan yahay waxa uu ka samaysan yahay iyo qaacidada, oo waxa uu weligiiba wax wayn tari jiray marka lala isticmaalo alkahoosha ee alkohoosha la isku jijibiyo.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Dhawaan, kuwa soo baxay oo loo isticmaalo benzalkonium chloride ayaa lagu arkay joogtayn iyo urur hawsha cayayaan dilida kadib arka la mariyo, si ka duwan aalkolada, taas oo markaa lagu arkay waxyar yaro marka si joogto ah loo isticmaalo, maadaama oo ay u badan tahay in maqaarku uu la qabsado.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Dad badan oo bulshada dakhligoodu hooseeyo ah ma awoodaan sabuunta oo waxa ay isticmaalaan taas badalkeed danbaska ama ciida.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Danbaska ama ciida ayaa biyaha kaligood dhaama, laakiin waxa ay ka waxtar yar yihiin saabuunta.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Hal walaac oo jira ayaa ah in ciida ama danbuska inay la socdaan cayayaan taas oo markaa kordhinaysa faafitaanka xanuunka halka uu ka dhimi lahaa.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Sida saabuunta, danbasku waxaa weeye sidoo kale nadiifiye maadaama oo marka uu biyaha la falgalo, uu sameeyo isku dar alkaline ah.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
WHO waxa ay ku talinaynaa in danbaska ama niista ay badali karaan sabuunta marka aan saabuun la heli karin.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Farsamada gacmo maydhiga ee saxda ah ee ay ku taliyaan Xarunta Kahortaga iyo Xakamaynta Xanuunada Maraykanka ee lagaga hortago gudbinta xanuunka waxaa kamid ah talaabooyinka soo socda:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Gacmaha waxa aad ku qoysaa biyo diiran ama biyo qabaw oo socda.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
Biyaha socda waxaa loogu taliyaa maadaama oo biya taagan ay dhici karto inay wasakhoobaan, oo heerkulka biyaha ayaan keeneynin farqi.
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Maqaarka gacmaha marka si wanaagsan loogu xoqo saabuunta, oo ay ku jiraan dhabar gacmaha, faraha dushooda, iyo cidiyaha hoostooda.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Saabuuntu waxa ay maqaarka ka qaadaa jeermiska, oo daraasaduhu waxa ay muujinayaan in dadku si wanaagsan u maydhaan gacmahooda marka ay isticmaalaan saabuun marka loo eego marka ay biyo kaliya isticmaalaan.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Waxa aad isku xoqdaa ugu yaraan 20 ilbidhiqsi.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Isku xoqidu waxa ay abuurtaa xoqitaan, taas oo markaa ka caawisa in jeermiska maqaarka laga mariyo, oo markaa isku xoqa dheeri waxa uu maqaarka ka bixiyaa jeermisyo farabadan.
Rinse well under running water.
Hoos dhigida biyo socda.
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
In lagu dariyo kuwa taagan waxa ay dib u uskagayn kartaa gacmaha.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Ku qalajinta tuwaalka ama in hawadu qalajiso.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
Gacmaha qoyan ama yara qoyani ayaa si fudud u wasakhoobi karaan.Meelaha ugu badan ee laga boodo waa suulka, curcurka, aaga u dhaxeeya faraha, iyo cidiyaha hoostooda.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Cidiyaha samayska ah iyo cidiyaha rinjiga lamariyo waxa ku hoos dhuuman kara cayayaanka.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
In looshin lagu qooyo ayaa badanaa lagu taliyaa si ayna gacmuhu u qalalin; maqaarka qalalan waxa uu horseedi karaa waxyeelo maqaarka ah taas oo markaa kordhinaysa khatarta in caabuqa uu gudbiyo.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options.
Waxyaabo kala duwan oo jaban ayaa la samayn karaa si markaa loo fudueeyo gacmo dhaqida marka biyaha tuubada iyo/ama sabuunta aan la heleynin, sida, in biyaha laga soo shubto jerikaan ama meelo leh daloolo wanaagsan iyo/ama isticmaalka danbaska hadii aad ku sugan tahay dalalka soo koraya.Marka lagu jiro xaalad biyo yaraan ah (sida dugsiyada ama aaga miyiyaada dalalka soo koraya), waxaa jira qaab biyaha loo kaydsan karo, sida "caagar yar oo meel lagasoo laalaadsado" iyo ikhtiyaaro kale oo jaban.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Caagar yar oo meel lagasoo laalaadsadaa waxaa weeye teknooloojiyad fudud oo loo isticmaali karo caaga laga soo laalaadiyay xadhid, oo markaa lasoo janjeedhiyay si markaa biyo yar uu usoo saari karo si gacmaha loogu maydho iyo sabuun.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Gacmaha in si wanaagsan loo qalajiyo ayaa qayb muhiim ah ka ah nidaamka nadiifinta, laakiin waxa uu muran ka taagan yahay waxtarta gacmo qalajinta meelaha dadku wadaagaan.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Daraasado badan ayaa muujinaya in tuwaalkau aad uga nadaafad badan ayahay marka loo eego qalajiyaha gacmaha ee laydhka ah ee ku yaal suuliyo badan.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
Sanadkii 2008, daraasad ayaa waxaa sameysay Jaamacada Westminster, London, waxaana kafaalo qaaday warshadaha tuwaalka waraaqaha ee European Tissue Symposium, in la isbarbar dhigo heerarka nadaafadda ee ay bixiyaan tuwaalada waraaqaha, qalajiyeyaasha hawada-diirran iyo kuwa qalajiyeyaasha diyaaradda-hawada oo casri ah.
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Kadib marka la dhaqo gacmaha oo lagu qalajiyo hawada diiran, tirada bakteeriyada ee laga heley waxa ay korodhay faraha 194% iyo calaacashane 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
In lagu qalajistaa hawada diyaaradu wax aay kordhisay celelis ahaan wadarta tirada baakteeriyada faraha 42% iyo baabacooyinka 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Kadib marka la dhaqo oo lagu qalajiyo gacmaha tawalad, bakteeriyada waxa ay hoos uga dhacdaa faraha ilaa 76% iyo calaacashane ilaa 77%.Saynisyahanada ayaa sidoo kale sameeyeen shaybaaro lagu ogaanayo hadii ay jiraan oo ay iman karaan isku gudbin meelaha kale ee gacmaha lagu dhaqo iyo deegaanka lagu dhaqo taas oo markaa ka timaado qaabka qalajinta.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Qalajiyaha hawada diyaarada, kaas oo markaa meel kasoo saarata hawada ku socota xawaare 180 m/ilbiriqsigii (650km/saacadii; 400mph), waxa uu awood u yeeshay inuu buufiyo cayayaanka gacmaha saaran oo waxa uu wasakheeyay meesha iyo dadkale ee meesha isticmaalaya iyo deegaanka lagu dhaqanaayo kuwaas oo ilaa 2 mitir isu jira.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Isticmaalka hawada diiran qalajiyaha ah waxa uu faafiyaa cayayaanka ila 0.25 mitir in u jirta qalajiyaha.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Tawalatyada laguma arag wax faafin ah oo wayn oo cayayaanka ah.2005 kii, daraasad ay sameeyeen TUV Produkt iyo Umwelt, oo qaababka kala duwan ee gacmo qalajinta ah ayaa la qiimeeyay.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Isbadalka soo socda ee tirada baakteeriyada kadib marka la qalajiyo gacmaha ayaa la arkay:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Shirkado badan oo kala duwan oo sameeya soosaaristayaasha gacmaha ayaa jira, iyo qalabka qallajinta ayaa isbarbardhig lagu sameeyay qalajinta waraaqaha.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Gacmo dhaqida iyada oo la isticmaalayo gacmo nadiifiyaha masaxaada ah waxaa weeye qaab kale oo markaa la isticmaali karo marka la socdaalayo hadii ayna jirin saabuun iyo biyo.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Gacmo nadiifiyaha alkohoosha leh kaas oo alkohoosha ku jirtaa ay tahay 60%.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Farxalka caafimaadka ah ayaa la waajibiyay kadib markii uu dhakhtarka reer Hangari Ignaz Semmelweis uu arkay faa'idadeeda (1846) ee kahortaga xanuunada deegaanka isbitaalka.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Waxaa jira aalado elektoroonig ah oo markaa xasuusiya shaqaalaha isbitaalka inay maydhaan gacmahooda marka ay iloobaan.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Hal daraasad ayaa lagu ogaaday heerarka caabuqa hoos udhaca isticmaalkooda.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Gacma dhaqa caafimaadka waa ugu yaraan 15 ilbiriqsi, iyada oo la isticmaalayo xaddi badan oo saabuun iyo biyo ah ama jel si aad u masaxdo oo u xoqdo qayb kasta oo ka mid ah gacmaha.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
Gacmaha waa in la isku jijibiyaa iyada oo la is dhax gelinayo.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
Hadii qashin ku hoos jiro cidiyaha, burush ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si looga saaro.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Maadaama oo jeermisku uu kusii jirayo biyaha gacmaha ku jira, waxaa muhiim ah in si wanaagsan loogu radiyo oo markaa lagu qalajiyo tuwaal nadiif ah.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Kadib marka la qalajiyo, xaanshida tawalatka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in biyaha lagu xiro (iyo in lagu furo albaabka laga baxayo hadii ay daruuri noqoto).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Waxa aad iska ilaalisaa in gacmahaaga aad dib uga qaadaan uskaga meelahaas.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them.
Sababta gacmaha loo dhaqayo habdhismeedka daryeelka caafimaadka waa in meesha laga saaro uskaga cayayaanka ("jeermiska") lagana fogaado gudbinta.