atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
Iyadoo ku salaysan macluumaadka hordhaca ah ee Maraykanka, dadka qaba xaaladaha caafimaad ee hooseeya sida sokorowga, xanuunaha sambabaha ee ba'an iyo xanuunada wadnaha, waxay u muqdaan in ay halis weyn ugu jiraan xanuunada ba'an ee la xiriira COVID-19 marka loo eego dadka aan qabin xaaladahaas.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Waa maxay goaanada kama dambaysta ah ee caafimaadka dadweynaha?
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
Istaraatiijiyada lagu ilaalinayo dhamaan dadka gaar ahaan kuwa qaba xalaadaha caafimaad ee hooseeya, oo ay ku jiraan kala fogaanshaha bulshada iyo gacmo dhaqista, waa in la dhaqan galiyaan dhamaan bulshooyinka iyo dadyawga dhan si ay u caawiyaan hoos u dhiga faafitaanka COVID-19.
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
Soo if-bixitaanka fayraska corona ee cusub (COVID-19): Borotokoolka Fidinta ee Kor joogtaynta ee ay isticmaaleen Kulliyada Dgaqaatiirta Guud ee Royal ee Xarunta Cilmi baadhista iyo Korjoogtaynta iyo qaybta Caafimaadka Guud ee EGLAND.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
Kulliyada Dhaqaatiirta Guud ee Royal (RCGP) ee Xarunta Cilmi baadhista iyo Korjoogtaynta (RSC) iyo Qaybta Caafimaadka Guud ee Egland (PHE) ayaa si guul ah uga wada shaqeeyay kor joogtaynta influenza iyo cuduro faafa oo kale in ka badan 50 sanno, oo ay ku jiraan saddex cudur oo caalami ah oo hire.
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
La jiranka soo if-baxa dilaacitaanka caabuqa coronavirus (COVID-19), istaraatijiyada qaran ee UK ee xakamaynta ayaa la bilaabay si loo baadho dadka looga shakisanyahay in u nugul yihiin COVID-19.
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Isla waqti si gooni ah, korjoogaynta RCGP RCS ayaa loo balaadhiyay in ay kormeeraan faafitaanka caabuqa COVID-19 si kumeel gaar ahaan juquraafi ahaana ee bulshada dhexdeeda sidoo waxtarka istaratiijiyada xakamayneed.
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
Ujeedooyinka daraasadan waa inla kor joogteeyo COVID-19 dadka calaamadaha aan mujinin iyo kiisaska bukaan socodka ee qaaba caabuqyada neef-mareenka labadaba, in la hubiy heerka iyo isu dhawanshaha uu ku faayfayo COVID-19, iyo in la qiimeeyo waxtarka xeerarka xakamaynta.
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
RCGP RSC, shabakad guud ahaan ka hawlgasha in ka badan 500 gudaha Egland, waxayna soo saarta macluumad la cusboonaysiiyay si isbuucla ah.
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
Korjoogtayntan la balaadhiyay waxay ka koobantahay shan shay: (1) Ku diwaan galinta diwaanka caafimaadka qof kasta oo looga shakiyo ama u nuglaa qaaditaanka COVID-19.
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
Bixiyayaasha diiwaanada caafimaad ee kumbuyuutarka lagaliyay waxay haystaan hal isbuuc oo codsi ah si ay u sameeyaan koodhadh cusub si loogu tageero midan.
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) Balaadhinta korjoogtaynta daraasada fayraska ee waqti xaadirkan iyo baadhida dadka qaba cudurka shabaha influenza ama caabuqa dhuunta hoose ee beef-mareenka (LRTI)-ee leh taxadarada ee dadka looga shakiyay in ay qabaan ama kuwa unugul COVID-19 waa in loo gudbiyaa dariiqa xakamaynta qaran oo aan lagu arag daryeel aasaasi ah.
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) Aruurinta sambalada baadhitaanada dheecaanada dhiiga dhamaan da' kasta
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
Tani waxay noqon doontaa sambal dheeraad ah oo dhiiga ah taaso laga qaaday dadka soo xaadiraya hawlahooda guud ee baadhitaanada guud ee qoondeeyay.
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
100ka shaqo ee guud waqti xaadirkan ayaa balan qaadaya in korjoogtaynta daraasadaynta fayraska influenza ee sanadlaha ah lagu dari doono koorjoogtaynta daraasadaha fayras ahaneed iyo dheecaanada dhiiga laga qaado ee la balaadhiyay.
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) Aruurinta sambalada dheecaanka dhiiga ee dadka ka bogsanaya cudurka.
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
Waxaanu haysanaa fursada kor uqaadida soo saarista macluumadka ila laba mar isbuuci hadii loo baahdo.
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
Dhiigag iyo dheecaanada waxaa lagu taxliilin doona shaybaaryo xaqiijineed ee gudaha PHE.
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
Hawla guud ee bixiyayaasha baadhitaanada caafimaad ahaaneed ayaa soo saaray koodhadh cusub oo dejisan oo ah baadhitaanada caafimaad si ay u taageerto koejoogtaynta COVID-19.
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
Intaas waxaa dheer, hawlaha ka qaybqaadashada korjoogtaynta waqti xaadirkan ah ayaa hadda bilaabay qaadista sambalo loogu talagalay korjoogtaynta COVID-19 ee bukaanada halista yar qab ee muujiyay LRTI yada.
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
Labadi isbuuc ee ugu horeeyay ee dejinta kor joogtayntan, waxaan aragnay 3 kiis: 1 iyadoo loo marayo hab cusub oo matalaad ahaaneed, 2 kalena ayadoo loo marayo daraasadaynta sambalka fayraska.
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
Waxaan si xawli ah ugu badalnay nidaamka kor joogtaynta influenze RCGP RSC qran ee la sameeyay in uu noqdo mid waxtar u leh baadhitaanka xeerarka xakamaynta COVID-19.
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
Kor joogtaynta mudadeeda la kordhiyay ayaa horaan loogu arkay isticmaal lambaro cusub oo leh 3 kiis oo lasoo waegaliyay.
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
La wadaagista xawliga ah ee borotokoolkan waa in uu sahlaa taxliilin saynis ahaaneed, iyo aqoon isweydaarsi.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
Kulliya Dhaqaatiirta Guud ee Royal (RCGP) ee Xarunta Cilmi baadhista iyo Ilaalinta RSC) waa habdhaqan shabakad guu (GP) oo leh matalayaal qaran taas oo bixisaa macluumaad la cusboonaysiisay ee ilaalinta cudurada caabuqa leh si isbuucla ah.
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
Barnaamijka korjoogtaynta cudurka waxaa abuuray qaybta Caafimaadka Dadweynaha Egland (PHE) waxay na dabooshaa 37 cudur oo caabuq leh, ay kujiraan influenza.
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
RCGP RSC iyo PHE waxay abaabuleen wada shaqayneed in 50 sanno kabadan ee kor joogaynta influenza iyo cudurada neef-mareenka. hadana waxay kujiraad sanadkoodi 53aad ee kor joogayneed iyo taxliilin.
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
RCGP RSC waxay soo saartaa macluumaad la cusboonaysiiyay oo ay sameeyeen qaybo matalayaasha qaran ah oo ah in ka badan 500 GP yada magaalada ah iyo baadiyaha isbuuc walba ayagaa isu maraya dadweyne kabadan 4 milyan.
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
Xogta ka timid dhaqan gelintan ayaa lagu soo sheegaa intarneetka todobaadbkiiba, kaas oo ay kamid yihiin ilaalinta qiyaasaha xanuunka influenza u eeg todobaadkii iyo cudurada la is qaadsiin karo iyo kuwa neefmareenka ee Ingiriiska.
We also produce an annual report.
Waxaan sidoo kale soo saarnaa warbixin sanadle ah.
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
Xogta iswadata ee RCGP RSC waxaa ku jira dhamaan xogta la qoray iyo dhamaan shay'yada loo qoray ee ay ku jiraan u bandhigida talaalka.
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
RCGP RSC waxay samaysaa korjoogtaynta xilli kasta ee influenza, iyadoo ay ka qayb galayaan 100 Gp yo xilliga 2019-2020 (Jaantuuska 1)
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
Dhaqangalinadan tijaabinta fayruusyada ayaa sidoo kale loo qaataa inay matalayaan qaran ahaan (Jaantuuska 1)
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
GP yada waxay ka qaadaan dheecaanada sanka dadka ay ka muuqato xanuun neefmareen oo ba'an toddobo maalin gudahood ee markii ugu horaysay ee calaamadaha la arkay.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
Dheecaanada sanka ayaa laga qaadaa caruurta ka yar 5 sano ee ay ka muuqato calaamado sanbabo xanuun.
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
Intaas waxaa dheer, sambalada dheecaanada sanka waxaa laga qaadaa qofkasta oo 5 sano jir ah ama ka wayn oo ay ka muuqato ILI markaas billawday oo ba'an iyo fayruuska caabuqyada neefmareenka.
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
Dheecaanada ayaa lagu baaraa qaybta fayruuska neefmareenka ee influenza ee PHE si loo ilaaliyo qiyaasaha laga helay iyo noocyada wareegaya, iyo sidoo kale si loo cabiro waxtarka talaalka.
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
RCGP RSC waxay si guul ah u sameeyeen hormuud ay kusoo aruurinyaan sambalo dhiiga dadka waawayn oona lala xiriirinayo kaydka caafimaad ee bukaanka intii lagu guda jiray xilligii influenza 2018-2019.
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
Duuliyuhu wuxuu kaashanayay qaybta baadhitaanada dheecanada dhiiga ee PHE wuxuuna ku daray sambalo dhiiga ee soo haray ee loo soo gudbiyay PHE shaybaarada Adeega Caafimaadka Qaranka (NHS).
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
Baarista dhiiga waxay keeni kartaa macluumaad muhiim ah oo ku saabsan taariikhda difaaca dadka, shabakooyinka muujiya cudurka waxay keeni karaan hab nidaamsan oo xog uruurin ah iyo in lala xiriiriyo kaydadka caafimaad iyo natiijooyinka caafimaad.
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
Duuliyihii baarista dheecaanka dhiiga wuxuu muujiyay awooda shabakadu ay ku soo aruurin karto sambalo dhiiga ee dadka waawayn.
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
Dilaacitaanka COVID-19, PHE iyo RCGP RSC waxay la qabsadeen ilaalinta influenza ee sii jirtay si ay u kor joogteeyaan ku faafitaanka COVID-19 bulshada, habkan wuxuu u gogol xaarayaa iskaashigaas.
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
Istaraatiijiyada qaran ee aasaasiga u ah caabuqa COVID-19 waa in la joojiyaa, iyadoo bukaanada khatara sare ugu jira lagu maaraynaya nidaamka caawinta taleefonka NHS111 iyo kooxaha ilaalinta caafimaadka PHE, laakiin ilaalinta RCGP RSC guud ahaan wuu ka baxsanyahay.
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
RCGP RSC, iyadoo la dheeraynayo hawshay abaabuleen, waxay bixin doonaan ilaalin fayruus iyo baaris dhiig si loo kor joogteeyo qaybsanaanta waqti iyo mida juquraafi ee caabuqa COVID-19 bulshada dhexdeeda, iyo si loo qiimeeyo waxtarka istaraatiijiyada joojinta.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Kuma shaqaynayno karantiil cilmi baaristan.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Waxaan la wadaagi doona borotokoolka saaxiibada Ingiriiska iyo ururka I-MOVE kuwaas oo dhawaan helay maalgalinta EU Horizon ee ka timid qulqulka "Aqoonta hormarsan ee falcelinta daawynta iyo caafimaadka bulshada ee safmareenka coronavirus aan caadiga ahayn".
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Waxaa la rajaynayaa in waxqabadka wayn ee maaraynta mashruuca uu ka dhalan doona iskaashigan marka loo eego tan laga helay dalalka kaligood waxqabanaya.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Ujeedada daraasadan waa in la aqoonsado inay jirto isu gudbin bulsho ee COVID-19 oon la aqoonsan, qiyaasida bulshada xanuunku u nugul, iyo kor joogtaynta qaybsanaanta waqti iyo mida juquraafi ee caabuqa COVID-19 bulshada dhexdeeda.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Ujeedooyinka daraasadan waa siyaabaha soo socda:
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Si loo kor joogteeyo culayska hawlaha COVID-19 ee laga shakiyay bulshada dhexdeeda iyadoo loo marayo ilaalinta daryeelka aasaasiga ah iyo falanqaynta caafimaadka ee suurtagalka ah ee kiisaska COVID-19 ee loo soo gudbiyay marinka xakamaynta.
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Si loo keeno cadayn fayruus ee joogitaanka iyo xajmiga isu gudbinta bulshada ee COVID-19 een la ogaanin iyo in lagu kor joogteeyo qiyaasta uu hayo ee dadka leh ILI mise caabuqyada neefmareenka ba'an daryeelka aasaasiga ah.
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Si loo qiimeeyo gundhiga u nuglaanta COVID-19 ee bulshada iyo si loo qiyaaso labadaba xadka u nuglaashaha midka calaamadaha leh iyo midka aan calaamadaha lahayn ee bulshada iyadoo loo marayo kor joogtaynta heerka jeermiska bulshada.
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Si loo hormariyo fulinta qorshe lagu soo aruurinayo dheecaan dhiig oo bogsaday oo leh muuqaal antibody oo kamid ah kiisaska bogsaday ee COVID-19 ee loo bixiyay bulshada
We intend to capture the following.
Waxaan niyada ku haynaa inaan qabano waxa soo socda.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Culayska shaqo ee caafimaad ee la xiriira warbixinada COVID-19 iyadoo la isticmaalayo koodhadhka la sameeyay si loo ogaado kiisaska, kuwa la qiimeeyay iyo meesha caabuqu uu ka jiro ayaa laga saaray (Jaantuusyada 2--44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Dalalka shisheeye ee la booqday 28 maalmood ee lasoo dhaafay.
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Koodhadhka sii jiray waxay lahaan karaan waxtar (Jadwalada 1--3) .3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
GP yo badan iyo kooxo daryeel oo aasaasi ah ayaan ogaan karin in xogta muhiimka ah ee la xiriirta in la koodh garayn karo.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Waxaa sidoo kale jira suurtagalnimada inta lagu jiro safmareen kasta si loo kor joogteeyo waxqabadka talaabooyin kasta ee gudbin xakamayn.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Isu gaynta waraaqaha laysku halayn karo iyo natiijooyinka baaritaanka ee tusi doona caabuq wuxuun in la xaqiijiyay ama laga saaray.
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Hababka waxay raacayaan la tacaalista loo isticmaalay nidaamka ilaalinta influenza hadda iyo daraasada dhaw ee dhiig baarista, waxaana ku jira shan shay'yo: (1) ilaalinta daryeelka caafimaadka aasaasiga ah; (2) ilaalinta fayruuska; (3) ilaalinta dhiig baarista bulshada; (4) dheecaanka dhiiga ee ka bogsaday kiisaska; iyo (5) kaydinta xogta.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS waxay isticmaashaa erayada caafimaadka la nidaamiyay ee magacbixinta daawada (SNOMED CT) habka qorista, kaas oo sida caadiga ah la cusboonaysiiyo laba mar sanadkii.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Waxaa jirtay adkaansho lagu daray maadaama qaar qaybiyaasha kaydka caafimaadka ee kombuyuutarka ku jira (CMR) ay isticmaalaan nidaamka akhrinta koodh garaynta (Akhri erayada caafimaadka nooca 3 - CTv3), kaas oon hada la cusboonaysiin.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Intaas waxaa dheer, maysan jirin koodhadh caafimaad oo lagu diwaan geliyay COVID-19 horaantii Febraayo 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Sidaas daraadeed, qaybiyaasha nidaamka labada GP ee wayn ayaa ku daray 5ta eray lagu tusay Jadwalka 4aad iyagoo ah koodhadh nidaam balaaran oo maxalli ah.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Soo deynta degdegga ee UK fikradaha SNOMED CT ee COVID-19 ayaa si is xigta loo heli karay dhamaan daafaha nidaamka CMR (Jadwalka 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Ujeedadu waxay tahay in kuwan ugu dambayn lagu tiriyo fikrada cusub ee SNOMED CT maadaama ay noqonayaan kuwa la heli karo, iyagoo u ogolaanaya kaydinta xogta la xiriirta (Lifaaqa warfaafinta 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Shuruudaha ugu wayn ee sii dayntan waxay ahaayeen awooda isu gaynta (Jadwalka 4) kiis COVID-19 ah, u nuglaanshaha khatar caabuqa (u socdaalka aag ay khatarta sare ka jirto), taabashada qof uun uu ku dhacay COVID-19, warbixin ah in qof laga baaray COVID-19, iyo in cudurku laga saaray (siday u badantahay baaritaan laga waayay).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Intaas waxaa dheer, dhaqan gelinta ayaa hada awooda inay kaydiyaan socdaal shisheeye oo kasta oo la qaado, oo ay ku jiraan in la diwaan geliyo booqashooyinka lagu tagay dalal dhawr ah (oo la fuliyay Febraayo 8, 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Jaantuuska 2--44 ayaa muujinaya fulinta weebsaytka EMIS.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Hadda, sambalada fayruuska ee ilaalinta influenza waxaa la socda foom codsi oo caadi ah.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
COVID-19, waxaan samayn doonaa foom codsi oo cusub kaas oo kaydin doona:
Date of onset of symptoms
Taariikhda ay bilawdeen calaamaduhu
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Baaritaanka mid kamid ah kuwa soo socda:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Sanbabo xanuun ba'aan ee kuwa ka yar 5 sano.
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Caabuq neefmareenka dhanka hoose (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Taariikhda qandhada (H/M); la cabiray (H/M); haday haa tahay, heerka
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Neefsasho yaraan (H/M), hadii la cabiray: helitaanka oksijiin ee jirka iyo heerka neefmareenka
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Socdaal dhaw (H/M); haday haa tahay, dalalka aad booqatay 14 maalin ee u dambeeyay.
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Taabashada qof la magacaabay oo uu kudhacay COVID-19 la xaqiijiyay (H/M) iyadoo ay la socoto faallo qoraal oo ku saabsan heerka hubsiimo.
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Koodhadhkan waxaa loo kooxayn doonaa siday isu leeyihiin "la yaqaano", "macquul ah", "suurtagal ah", iyo "aan ahayn kiis" iyadoo la isticmaalayo habkeena casriga ah ee kooxaynta koodhadhka (Jadwalka 5), kaas oo horaan loogu isticmaalay daafaha aagaga xanuunka.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Qeexitaanka RCGP RSC ee ILI ayaa lagu muujiyay lifaaqa 2aad ee warbaahinta.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Soo jeedinta bulshada ee xogta iyadoo la isticmaalayo goobta qalabka baarista iyo miisaska.
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Waxaan samayn doonaa goob qalab baaris si loo keeno xogta si qaran iyo miis loogu talagalay falcelinta hawlaha ku saabsan tayada xogta iyo uruurinta fayruuska sambalada baarista dhiiga.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Tani waxay ku salaysan tahay kaydinta lagu qeexay Jadwalka 4.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Kiiska qeexan ayaa loo keeni doonaa shaashadena kore sida "kiisas" COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Kiisaska suurtagalka ah ayaa loo keeni doonaa sida "baaritaan ku guda jira" (la baarayo).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
"maaha kiis" ayaa loo keeni doonaa sida "waa laga saaray".
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Xogta online-ka ayaa la abaabulay todobaadyadii yaraa ee u horeeyay ee baadhista COVID-19 (Jaantuuska 5), iyadoo muujinaysa tirada guud ee bukaanada iyo xadka 10,000 ee bukaanba ee kiisas la xaqiijiyay ah mise wali la baarayo, iyo si lamid ah halka fayruuska laga saaray.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Waxaan haysanaa ikhtiyaarka inaan ku dhaqaaqno labo warbixino ilaalin todobaadkii iyadoo leh baaxad tan loogu badeli karo warbixin maalinle ah.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Waan wadi doonaa baarista fayruuska ee hawlaheena ogaanshaha cudurka, halkii ay ka joojin lahayn hoos u dhac influenza xilli ah.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Intaas waxaa dheer, waxaan hawl galin doonaa dhaqamo ilaalin oo badan.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
RCGP RSC dhaqamada fayruuska waxay hamin doonaan inay qaadaan 200-300 oo dheecaanka sanka ah todobaadka kasta daafaha shabakada ogaanshaha cudurka RCGP RSC, iyadoo laga soo uruurinayo tijaabooyinka dhamaan da'aha kala duwan.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Habka ku darista ilaalinta fayruuska influenza (ILI, sanbabo xanuunka) waxaa dheer , ka qaybqaadashada dhaqamada wuxuu qaadanayaa tijaabooyinka dheecaanka sanka ee laga keenay dadka ay ka muuqato calaamadaha ba'an ee LRTI hadii bilawga calaamaduhu ay yihiin 7 maalin gudahood.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
RCGP RSC saraakiisha cilmi baarista iyo shaqaalaha hawlaha iskaaashiga ayaa maarayn doona dhaqano si loo gaaro sambalo wadar qaran ah oo 200-300 dheecaan todobaadkii.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Tan waxaa kor loogu qaadi karaa hadii qaabeeyaasha PHE ay u baahdaan sambalo badan.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Sambalada ka yimid ku celis kasta ayaa laga faafin doonaa kooxaha da'aha soo socda: < 5 sano, 5-17 sano, 18-64 sano, iyo 65 sano iyo wixii ka wayn.
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Sambalada (dheecaanada sanka mise dhiiga) ee lasoo uruuriyay ayaa lagu diri doonaa bashqado lasii bixiyay oo ku cinwaansan shaybaarka ku haboon ee PHE si falanqayn loogu sameeyo.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Dhamaan sambalada lasoo uruuriyay ayaa laga baari doonaa inuu hayo influenza iyo CoVID-19.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Intaas waxaa dheer, PHE waxay baaritaano dib u eegis ah ku samayni doontaa sambalo fayruus kasta ee influenza oo lasoo aruuriyay intii u dhaxaysay horaantii iyo dhexdaa Febraayo 2020 ee COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Dhaqamada ayaa wali raaci doona habka PHE ee COVID-19 iyadoo loo fiiranayo dadka khatarta ugu jira inuu ku dhaco kuwaas oo ah in loo jiheeyo marinka xakamaynta, halkii ay si muuqaal ah uga qaybgali lahaayeen dhaqamada.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Baaritaanida tooska ah ee kuwa ka qayb gala qaliinka ayaa wali loo ogolyahay, laakiin waxaan bilawnay dheecaan iska qaadista guriga dhexdiisa.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Soo koobida hawlaha ayaa lagu qeexay lifaaqa 3 warbaahinta.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Qof kasta oo leh ILI mise xanuunka neefmareenka kaas oo la xiriira GP (tusaale, taleefanada ballanta) waa in la waydiiyo si gaar ah socdaalada uu ku tagay Shiinaha iyo dalal kale ee lagu muujiyay waanada PHE ee hadda, ama inay taabasho la lahaayeen dadka qaba COVID-19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Hadii su'aalahan baaritaanadan lagaa helay, bukaanka waxaa lagu waaniyaa inay u yimaadaan dhaqan gelinta laakiin taa badelkeeda inay raacaan qulqulka xaashimaadaha.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Tani waxay noqon kartaa in la helo shaqaalaha caafimaadka, iyadoo ku tiirsan hab dhaqanka dadka.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Wicitaanadan waa in la galiyaa nidaamka GP CMR waxaa lasoo sheegay iyadoo qayb ka ah RCGP RSC todobaadkii.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Waxaa samaynay tababar shay'yo si loo taageero koodh garaynta (lifaaqa 4 ee warbaahinta).
These include prompt cards for:
Kuwan waxaa kamid kaararka falcelinta:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Dhaqan geli soo dhawaynta shaqaalaha heerka degdegga: ee keenista bukaan kasta iyadoo loo yeerayo dhaqanka leh calaamadaha caabuqa neefmareenka ba'an oo leh taariikh socdaal meelaha muhiimka ah iyadoo lagu salaynayo waanada PHE.
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Shaqaalaha maamulka mise dhakhaatirta koodh gareeya: si loo dhiiri galiyo koodh garayn joogta ah nee natiijooyinka ee kiisas walba oo laga shakiyo, oo ay kamid yihiin koodh garaynta natiijooyinka laga waayay si looga saaro.
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Dhaqamada ka qayb gelida ilaalinta fayruuska ayaa si fursad leh u aruurinaayo sambalada dhiiga ee bukaanada u imanaya si celcelis ah oo joogta ah baarista dhiiga.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Bukaanada ka qaybgala hawshooda baarista dhiig oo joogta ah ayaa la waydiin doonaa inay keenaan sambal dheeri ah ee baarista dheecaanka dhiiga.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Waxaan samaynay raadin hore gudaha xogta RCGP RSC si aan fiirino natiijooyinka lambarka tirada dhiiga buuxa (FBC) iyo qiyaasta guud ee sadka wayn iyo caruurta (Jaantuusyada 6--9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC waa mid kamid ah baaritaanada ugu badan ee la sameeyo, waxaana rajaynaynaa tani inay siin doonto tusmo u dhaw ee tirooyinka guud ee baaritaanada dhiiga la sameeyay.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Qiyaas tijaabinta, ee 100,000 bukaan wuxuu aad ugu sareeyay caruurta u dhaxeeya 15-17 sano iyo 60 sano jir ama ka wayn ee dadka waawayn, iyadoo qiyaasta ugu yar aya ahayd caruurta 0-4 sano jir ah iyo 18-29 jirka dadka waawayn (Jaantuusyada 6--99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Waxaan keenaynaa 1000 sambalada gundhiga dheecaanka dhiiga ee dhamaan da'aha ee ka tarjumaya qiyaasta kala duwan ee qaybaha da'da.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Intaas waxaa dheer, waxaan baaraynaa inaan ka heli karno dhamaan kuwan hawlaha fayruuska si loo hormariyo wax soo saarka.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Faafitaan juquraafi oo fiican ayaa muhiim ah, sidaas daraadeed PHE ayaa ka waanin karta goobaha uu dheecaanka dhiigu inta badan si waxtar leh looga soo aruurin karo.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Tan waxaa daba socda 800 oo samabalo bil kasta.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Sambalka waxaan gooni lagala dhigi doonaa 200 oo tijaabo ee sahminta safmareenka ka hor (100 bishiiba) kooxaha da'aha soo socda: <5 sano, 5-17 sano, 18-64 sano, iyo 65 sano ama ka wayn.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Bukaanada yaryar, ee habab badan ee ka yar 14 sano, iyo ku dhawaad dhamaan caruurta ka yar 8 sano ayaa u baahan doona ilaalin dheecaan dhiig ee daryeelka ilmaha.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Waxaan samayn doonaa foom codsi oo cusub ee hawlaha si aan u qabano soocdaalka dhawaan iyo u nuglaanta COVID-19.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Waxaan hormarinaynaa hab lagu aruurinayo dheecaanka dhiiga bogsaday ee dadka leh kiisas la xaqiijiyay ee lahaa sambalo fayruus oo ba'an waqtiga uu ku dhacay.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Tani waa in la aqoonsado xaalad qaaditaan ee bukaanada ka bogsaday fayruuska laakiin sii wadi kara daadinta fayruuska.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Hadii ay jiraan tiro yar oo kiisas ah, tani waxay caawin kartaa samaynta qalab baaritaan ee bukaanada si loo qaado GP gooda iyo si loo ogaado aqbalitaankeeda bukaanada.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Hadii ay jiraan tiro balaaran oo kiisas qaran oo COVID-19 ah, sambalada ka bogsaday ayaa laga aruurin karaa hawlaha RCGP RSC halka ay jiraan kiisas la xaqiijiyay, oo leh awooda lagula xiriirinayo kaydka caafimaadka buuxa.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Habkan waxaa kamid ahaan kara fiirinta tirada laso gaabiyay ee NHS ee dadka laga helay ee hawlaha RCGP RSC, fiirinta tilmaanta PHE ee hadda ee la xiriira tixgalinada caabuqnimada ee kiisaska la xaqiijiyay, iyo siinta bukaanka ballan iyadoo la raacayo habka horay loo soo sheegay.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Tan waxay u baahantahay in si taxadar leh la isugu duwo wadanka oo dhan dhamaan shabakada waxaa laga yaabaa in ay u baahato PHE si loo hubiyo dadka aan la macaamilin hay'ado badan.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC waa in ay bixisaa qaab-dhismeed waxtar leh si loo hago la macaamilka ugu horeeya marka ay PHE ay codsiga saameeyeen.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Hawlaha RCGP RSC ee ka qayb qaadashada kor joogtaynta daraasadaynta fayraska influenza ee sanadlaha ah ayaa bilaabay in ay sambal ka qaadaan bukaanada muujinaya calaamadaha LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Dhamaan sambalada la helay waxaa laga baaray influenza iyo COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC waxay baari doontaa qaabab si loo aruuriyo sambalada dadka kasoo bogsanaya ee qof kasta oo laga helay COVID-19 iyadoo u maraysa balaadhinta kor joogtaynta daarasada fayras ahaaneed.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Ilaa bilawgii,waxaanu si taxadar leh uu nidaaminaynay xogtayada si loo hubiyo in loo isticmaali karo daraasadayn mustaqbalka.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Xogtana baadhitaanada caafimaad waxaa lagu xariirin dona daraasada fayraska.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Waxaanu u nidaamin doona xogtayada anagoo istiicmaalayna mabadi'yo la heli karo, la sharixi karo, dib na loo isticmaali karo.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Si loo fududeydiyo midan xogtanada waxaa lagu daray Xogta Cilmi Baadhista Caafimaad ee UK iyo Shabakada Cadaynta Xogta Caafimaad ee Yurub
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Habka istaatiskada wuxuu taageerayaa hab siyaasadeed lagu fidinayo dilaaca xanuunka, halka kuwa lagu magacaabo faragalinta farmashiiyaha (NPI yada) loo isticmaalo in looga falceliyo safmareen soo ifbaxaya si ay usoo saaraan joojinta xanuunka.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Ula jeedada xeerkan waa in la dhimo heerarka isla macaamilitaanka bulshada dhexdeeda sidaas daraadeedna la dhimo gudbinta fayraska.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Si loo dhaqan galiyo midan dawlada UK ayaa si fiican u qeexday rabitaanka dhaqan galinta talaabooyinka kartiilida shaksi ahaaneed ee dad weynaha.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Iyadoo la bartilmaameedsanayo taranka tirada (R) ( tirada celceliska ee kiisaska sare uu kiis walba kasoo farcamo) iyadoo loo jeedo in la yareeyo R wax ka hooseeya 1, siyaasadu waxay raadinaysaa inay hoos u dhigto tirooyinka kiisaska ilaa heer hoose mise (sida dilaacyadii hore ee lahaa astaamaha daran ee neefmareenka ba'an iyo Ebola) si loo baabi'iyo u gudbista bini'aadan ilaa bini'aadan.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Khibrada laga bartay cudurka caalamiga ah ee 2009 H1N1, NPS yada waxay noqon karaan qayb weyn ee hoos u dhigida cudurka caalamiga ah.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Furaha diirada daraasadeena waxay noqon doontaa qiyaasta kiisaska u sareeya ee bulshada iyo sii wadista kor joogtaynta iyo xogta la aruurinayo lana naqshadaynayo koritaanka suurtagalka ah iyo soo ifbixida kor u kaca isku xiga ee kiisas cusub maadaama kala fogaanshaha bulshada la dabciyay.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Sidoo kale waxaa jira daabacaadyo ku saabsan talaabooyin muhiim ee dilaacista cudurka saf-mareenka ah ee COVID-19 gudaha mainland Shiinaha.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Talaabo aasaasi oo hore ee safmareenka awooda leh waa dhererka waqtiga laga bilaabo markuu ku dhacay ilaa marka qofku uu dadka kale qaadsiinayo iyo mudada ugu yar ee caabuqnimada.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Qodabadan, hadii si sax ah loo qiyaaso, waxay siinayaan saadaalin fiican ee intuu noqon karo dheerarka safmarka, tirada ugu dambaysa ee kiisaska uu ku dhacay.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Waxaan qorshaynaynaa inaan ku dabaqno ku dhawaad tixraaca Bayesian (ABC) (suurtagalnimada boosas kala duwan) u nuglaanshaha qaadista caabuqa la saaray (SEIR) naqshadaha safmareenka kala meelaha ah.
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Farsamooyinka noocaas ah ayaa si sare laysula wadi karaa waxaana si guul ah lagu dabaqay goobo badan oo ay kamid tahay naqshadaynta xanuun gudbinta.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Waxaa si gaar ahaaneed loogu talagalay xaaladaha ay shaqooyinka suurtagalnimada ah ay ka maqanyihiin iyo halka habab dhaqameed badan sida taxanaha Markov Monte Carlo aysan ku haboonayn.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Hab noocaas ah ayaa la ogaaday inuu si wax ku oolah ugu shaqaynayo xogta ilaalinta ASPREN, shabakada muujinta GP yada iyo kalkaaliyaasha caafimaad ee soo sheega macluumaad aan la ogaanin ee ILI yada iyo xaaladaha kale, halka arimaha sida xog maqan iyo baahida naqshadaynta habka baaritaan lafteeda ayaa si guul ah loog hadlay.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Intaas waxaa dheer, sara u kaca kiisaska cusub ayaa lagu qiyaasan habka qaybsanaanta.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Qiimaynada qodobada naqshada SEIR ayaa lagu xakamayn karaa qayba xog oo wayn sababtoo ah isgarab socodka, hababkana waxaa lagu fuliyay dhawr maktabadood oo R; waxaan rajaynaynaa inaan isticmaalno maktabadaha ABSEIR (ee ku jira GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) iyo qalabka abc (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) si loo qiyaaso talaabooyinka safmareenka ee todobaad kasta.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Maadaama oo hagaajinayno naqshad safmareen SIR ee jadwalka ABC, waxaan filaynaa in natiijooyinkeena ay ka xoog badan doonaa xogta kiisaska todobaadkii ee ka kooban marka la barbardhigo tirooyin yar.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Tusaale ahaan, arag habka ABC ee lagu dabaqay xogta hargabka Tristan da Cunha laga bilaabo 1967, halka tirooyinka ee I (tirada kiisaska uu ku dhacay) iyo R (tirada kiisaska bogsaday) ay tobanaan yihiin inta badan.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Ugu dambayn, waxaa dheer habka kore waxaan hawlgalinaynaa habka Kaplan-Meier oo leh laba natiijooyin (dhimasho iyo ka bogsasho) si loo qiyaaso saamiga dhimashada kiisaska.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Habkani wuu ka madax banaanyahay habka ABC wuxuuna ogolaan doonaa isbarbardhigyo u dhaxeeya qiimaynada naqshadaynta labada hab si loo go'aamiyo xooganaanta natiijooyinka.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Ilaalinta RCGP RSC ee leh PHE ayaa loo qeexay inay tahay ilaalinta Caafimaad ee hoostaga Sharciga 3 ee Adeega Caafimaadka (Xakamaynta Macluumaadka Bukaanka) sharciyada 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Tan waxaa xaqiijiyay xafiiska PHE Caldicott Guardian.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Ma aragno wax khatar oo kor u kacday oo loo hawlgalo ama xirfadlayaasha caafimaad ee ka qayb qaadanaya ilaalintan.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Ka hortaga caabuqa iyo waanada xakamaynta ayaa raaci doona tilmaan qaran oo jirta.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Kiisas walba oo la ogaado ayaa la maarayn doonaa iyadoo la tixgalinayo tilmaanta PHE/NHS ee meel taala waqtiga, ee ay kamid tahay waaninita xiriirada la aqoonsaday.