atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
This entry process also requires priming of the S protein by the host serine protease TMPRSS2, the inhibition of which is under current investigation as a potential therapeutic.This has led some to hypothesize that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection.
Laakiin, bulshooyinka xirfadaha badan iyo ururada xeerarka sameeyay waxay ku taliyeen in lasii wado heerka sii socodka qaadashada ACE iyo daawaynta ARB.
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
Qiimayn isdaba joog ahayd iyo qiimaynta birta oo la baahiyay Juulay 11, 2012, ayaa lagu ogaaday in "isticamalka neefsiga ACE uu la xidhiidhay hoos u dhig wayn oo 34% ah khatarta xanuunka sanbabka marka loo eego xakamaynta."
A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 11, 2012, found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls."
Sidoo kale, "khatarta sanbab xanuunka ayaa sidoo kale ku yaraan kara bukaanka lagu daweeyo neefsiga ACE kaas oo markaa khatar sare ugu jira sabab xanuun, gaar ahaan dadka uu faaliga iyo wadne xanuunka qaba.
Moreover, "the risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure.
Isticmaalka neefsia ACE kaas oo la xidhiidha sanbab xanuunka dhimashada ka timaada ayuu yareeyaa, in kasta oo najiitada ay aad uga waxtar yarayn marka loo eego khatarta guud ee xanuunada sanbabka."
Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."
Isku darka ilaa aadanka ee ACE2 (rhACE2) taas oo guudmar u ah daawaynta novel ee dhaawaca sanbabka ee daran, iyo in hormar lagu sameeyo hemodynamics-ka baabacada iyo ogsajiinta cufan ee doofaarka oo leh calaamado xanuun daran oo neefsiga ah oo leh lipopolysaccharide.
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Kala badh nolosha rhACE2 bilaa aadanka waxaa weeye ilaa 10 saacadood oo waxa uu ku salaysan yhaay ficilka 30 daqiiqo oo dheeraad ah oo mudada wax ku oolka ah (mudada) 24 saacadood.
The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.
Dhawr daraasadood ayaa sheegaya in rhACE2 uu yahay dawo waxtar u leh dadka aad qaadain karin dawada neefsiga ee renin-angiotesin (dawada neefsiga RAS) ama xanuunka wareega angiotensin II uu kordhay. Ku shubida rhACE2 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay tijaabo xarun caafimaad oo daawaynta xanuunada neefsiga ee daran.
Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.Infused rhACE2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
b'Bat SARS-sida coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL_CoV-WIV1), sidoo kale waxaa loo yaqaan SARS-sida coronavirus WIV1, waxaa weeye xanuun neefsiga oo daran ee coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) oo markaa laga soo qaaday fiidmeer la dhaqday oo Jayniis ah (Rhinolophus sinicus).
b'Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus).
Sida dhamaan coronavirus oo dhan, virions waxa uu ka kooban yahay hal xadhig oo boosatif ah oo RNA oo lagu xidho bushqad.
Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.
Daraasada waxaa lagu ogaaday in fiidmeerta ay u tahay meesha dabiicin uu ku hoobto SARS-CoV.
The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Phylogenetic qiimaynta lagu sameeyay waxaa lagu arkay in ay macquul tahay in SARS uu fiidmeerta uga soo gudbay bilaa aadanka iyada oo aanu markaa soo marin quusinta Jayniiska, sidii marka hore la aaminsanaa.
Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
b'COVID-19 app-babka ah ee barnaamijyada sooftiweerada mobileka ee loogu talo geley in ay gacan ka gaystaan la socodka ee lagaga jawaabayo safmarka 2019-20 coronavirus, sida, nidaamka lagu ogaanayo qofka ("u dhaanshaha") u dhawaaday qof qaba caabuqa.
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
Dawlado kala duwan ayaa soo saaray ama ku taliyay, saraakiisha dawlada ayaa taageerada deegaanmada iyo meelaha qaar.
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
Dhawr nidaam ayaa la sameeyay app-ka lagula soconayo.
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
Walaacyada sirta ayaa ka yimid, gaar ahaan nidaamyada ku salaysan la socodka goobta uu ku sugan yahay isticmaalaha app-ku.
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Qaabka ka yar kaas waxaa kamig ah isticmaalka falaadha Buluutuutka ee lagu duwaan gelinayo inta isticmaalka taleefanka kale sita la isku jirsaday.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Abriil 10, 2020, Google iyo Apple ayaa si wada jir ah ugu dhawaaqay in ay dhax gelin doonaan qaab lagu xoojinayo app-ka Buluutuutka si toos ah Android-kooda iyo iOS obeerin sistemyadooda.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
Jayna, dawlada Jayna, oo la socota Alipay, waxa ay sameeyeen app u ogolaanay dadka muwadiniinta inay eegaan hadii uu qofku u dhawaaday cid qabta COVID-19.
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
Waxa lagu isticmaalaa wax ka badan 200 oo magaalo Jayna. Singaaboor, app loo uaqaan TraceTogether ayaa la isticmaalaa.
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
App-ka waxa sameeyay bulshada IT ee deegaanka, waxaa lasoo daayay isaga oo furan oo waxa lagu wareejinayaa dawlada. Waqooyiga Macedonia waxa ay samaysay "StopKorona!", oo ah app Bulutuut ku shaqeeya oo lagula socdo isasoo gaadhka dadka qaba xanuunka oo markaa bixiya jawaab degdeg ah oo maamulka daryeelka caafimaadka ah.
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
App-ka waxaa sameeyay Wasaarada Isgaadhsiinta iyo Teknooloojiyada iyo Wasaarada Caafimaadka.
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
Abriil 14 2020, app-ka waxa uu sugayaa ansixinta Google Play Store iyo Apple App Store.
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Abriil 12, dawlada waxay sheegtey in meel wanaagsan uu marayo app-ka la socodka u dhawaanshaha dadka qaba, oo markaa uu soo bixi doonto todobaad gudihii. Sidoo kale waxaa la qorshaynayaa in Ayrlaan, iyo Faransiiska app-ba lamid ah ("StopCovid").
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
Awstaraaliya iyo New Zealand labaduba waxay ka fikirayaan inay dhaqan geliyaan app-babka Singaaboor ee TraceTogether app-ka ah iyo BlueTrace nidaamka ah. Ruushka waxa ay wadaa app-ka deegaanka qofka ku xidhaya laga helo COVID-19 ee degan Moscow, kaas oo loogu talo geley in lagu xaqiijiyo in aan guriga aanu kasoo bixin.
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
Ross Anderson, boroofeesar injineerinka ambiga ah oo ka socda Jaamacada Cambridge, ayaa soo saaray liis mushkiladaha ka iman kara nidaamka app-kan ku salaysan, oo ay ku jiraan been ka sheeg cida qabta iyo inay wax tarkoodu ay liitaan hadii isticmaalka app-ku ay ku xadidan yihiin tiro yar oo kaliya oo dad ah.
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
Ka jawaabida walaacyada faafitaanka ayaa been abuur noqonaya ama waxyeelada app-ka "coronavirus", Apple waxa ay samaysay xadidaad taas oo hay'ada noocyadeed ay ku dari karaan coronavirus app-la xidhiidha App Store-ka, kaas oo kaliya ku xadidan "saraakiisha" ama hay'ada waawayn.
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
Google iyo Amazon ayaa sidoo kale xadidaad lamid ah sameeyay.
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
Dadka sirta u ololeeya ayaa muujiyay walaac ku saabsan mushkilad ay keeni karta la socodka dadka badan iyada oo la isticmaalayo app-babka coronavirus, gaar ahaan hadii loo sameeyay la socodka dadka dhismaha ah si loola tacaalo safmarka coronavirus oo la qaybiyo marka khatarta laga gudbo.
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Amnesty International iyo wax ka badan 100 hay'adood oo kale ayaa soo saaray bayaan ay ugu baaqayaan in la xadido kormeerka noocan oo kale ah.
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Hay'adu waxa ay soo saartay sideed shuruudood oo mashaariicda dawlada ah:
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
kormeerka waxa uu noqonayaa "sharci, daruuri oo munaasabb ah";
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
meesha ka saarida la socodka iyo kormeerka ayaa ahaa weedha iftiimaysa;
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
isticmaalka macluumaadka waxaa kaliya lagu xadidadayaa wixii ujeedo COVID-19 ah;
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
amaanka macluumaadka iyo sirta waxaa la ilaalin karayay si loo muujiyo in ilaalintu uu ku salaysan yahay cadaymo;
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
kormeerka dhijitaalka ah ayaa lagaga hortagi karaa takoorka iyo muquuninta;
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
wixii macluumaad ah ee lala wadaago cid kale waa inuu sharcigu dhigayaa;
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
waxaa ay tahay inuu jiro wax ka ilaalinaya lagu tacadiyo iyo xuquuqda dadka muwaadiniinta ah ee lagaga jawaabayo tacadiga;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
ka qayb galka wax ku oolka ah ee dhamaan "dadka dantu kaga jirto" waxa ay u baahan doonaan, oo ay jiraan khabiirada caafimaadka shacabka iyo kooxaha la muquuniyay. German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) iyo Wariyayaasha Bilaa Xuduuda ah (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) ayaa soo saaray sidoo kale liis la eegayo.
meaningful participation by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
Qorshaha ay ku taliyeen Google/Apple waxaa loogu talo geley in lagaga jawaabo mushkilada kormeerka joogtada ah iyada oo meesha laga saarayo qaabka lagula soconayo aaladaha obereetin sistemkooda marka aan loo baahnayn.
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Dalalka qaar ayaa isticmaala networki deegaanka ah si ay ula socdaan app-babka, kuwaas oo meesha ka saaray baahida loo qabay soo dejisashada app iyo awooda in la socodka.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Israaiil, nidaamka la socodka shabakada ayaa la ansixiyay.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Xalalka networkiga ee laga heleyo meelaha isku midka ah ayaa leh mushkilad sirta ah oo mustaqbalka ah.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Laakiin, dhamaan nidaamyadu leh serferka dhexe loola baahna in laga helo macluumaadka goobta qofka; nidaamyo la ilaaliyay sirtooda oo badan ayaa la sameeyay oo isticmaala serfer dhexe kalya si ay u xidhiidhaan dhaxdoodu (eeg qaybta hoose).
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Koonfurta Kuuriya, nidaam aan app lahayn ayaa lagula socdaa isku dhawaanshaha.
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Halkii laga isticmaali lahaa app u gaar ah, nidaamku waxa uu soo uruuriyaa macluumaadka la socodka ee meelo kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan macluumaadka la socodka aalada mobile-ka iyo macluumaadka wax ku iibsiga kaadhka, oo waxaana loogu daraa wargelintan la sameeyay oo fariimo qoraal ah dadka ay dhici karto inay qabaan caabuqa.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Sidoo kale iyada oo la isticmaalayo macluumaadka digniinta isku dhawaanahsha, dawladu waxay sidoo kale macluumaadka goobta ka dhigta mid cid walba heli karto, mararka qaar la ogol yahay maadaama oo ay adag tahay in la badalo sharciga sirta macluumaadka kadib markii uu safmarka MERS uu dalka ku habsaday.
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Macluumaadkan waxaa laga heli karaa meel kasta oo tirada app-ka iyo websaytyada. Dalalka ay ku jiraan Jermanu waxay eegeysaa nidaamyada ilalaisa sirta iyo kuwa cid walbaaba geli karaan.
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Abriil 6, 2020, faahfaahinta lama soo saarin.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
La socodka sirta la ilaaliyay waxaa weeye nuxur balaadhan, taas oo lagu samaeyay daraasan balaadhan oo macluumaadka ah oo socotay ilaa 2013. 7 Abriil 2020, koox khabiiro tobanaan ah ayaa ka shaqaynayay xal sirta ilaalin kara, sida isticmaalka Buluutuutka Tamarta Yar (BLE) si loogu helo aaga dadka kale taleefankoodu ku sugan yahay.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Laakiin, PEPP-PT waxay isku duba ridaysaa dadaalka uu ku jiro qaab meel kaliya ah iyo mid baahsan, oo mana aha qaab kaliya. Nidaamka meesha kaliya ah waxaa kamid ah La Socodka Aaga Sirta La Ilaaliyay oo La Daadajiyay (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Lambarka Xidhiidhka Kumeel Gaadhka ah (TCN, fka Lambarka Wakhtiga Xidhiidhka, CEN), Nidaamka Sirta Xasaasiga ah iyo Qaab La Socodka Xidhiidhka Mobile-ka (PACT) iyo kuwa kale.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Nidaamyadan, ogaanshaha macluumaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ma dhaafo aalada, oo dhamaan qaababka waxa ay ka dhacaan aalada.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Kooxda Sirta ee MIT Media Lab waxa ay sameeyeen SafePaths, madal loo isticmaalayo farsamooyinka ilaalinta sirta marka la uruurinayo ee la qaadayo goobta ama dhabada macluumaadku iskugu imanayaan si loola socdo faafitaanka COVID-19.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Iyada oo laga duulayo daraasada laga heley waraaqaha cad "Apps Gone Rogue: Ilaalinta Sirta Shakhsi Ahaaneed ee Safmarka" waxa ay soo saartaan Maarso 2020. Dadaal kale oo lamid ah madasha SafeTrace ee uu qoray Enigma MPC, shirkad samaysa teknooloojiyada taas oo markii hore lagu sameeyay MIT Media Lab.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
SafeTrace waxa uu ka faa'ideeyaa teknooloojiyada haadhweerka taas oo u sahlaysa dadka isticmaalayaasha inay wadaagaan macluumaadka xasaasiga ah ee goobta iyo macluumaadka caafimaadka oo lala wadaago dadka kale ee isticmaalaya iyo saraakiisha, iyada oo aan la dhaawacaynin sirta macluumaadka.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
Abriil 5, 2020, Iskaashiga TCN ee caalamka oo ay aas aaseen kooxaha iska kaashta waxa isku qaabka ah iyo nidaamyada sida wayn isku saarmaya, yoolku waa in la yareeyo qurubyada, oo loo sahlo isku xidhanka caalamka ee la socodka iyo app-ka digniinta, qaab muhiim ah oo lagu gaadhayo in si balaadhan loo dhaqan geliyo.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Abriil 9, 2020, dawlada Singaaboor ayaa ku dhawaaqday inay furtay nidaamka BlueTrace iyada oo isticmaalaysa app-ka dawlada ee rasmiga ah.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Abriil 10, 2020, Google iyo Apple, shirkadaha maamulka Android iyo iOS madalaha mobile ee ah, waxay ku dhawaaqeen barnaamij lagula soconayo isku dhawaanshaha, taas oo la sheegey inuu ilaalinayo sirta, oo koobsaday isku darta teknooloojiyada Tamarta yar ee Bulutuutka iyo inkiribshinka ilaalinta sirta.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Waxay sidoo kale baahiyeen waxa ay ka kooban yahay teknooloojiyada asalaka ah ee nidaamku isticmaalayo.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Sida ay sheegeen Apple iyo Google, nidaamka waxaa loogu talo geley in uu noqdo sadex waji:
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
qaybta agabka oo dawlada u sahlaysa inay abuurto app-bab la socodka coronavirus oo si rasmi ah u ilaalinaya sirta
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
inay dhax geliyaan shaqada iOS iyo Android Google iyo Apple qorshahood ay doonayaan inay kaga jawaabaan qaadista iyo joogteynta mushkilada kormeerka iyad aoo marka kowaad lagu qaybinayo nidaamka oo cusboonaysiinta obeetin sistemka, oo kadibna looga saarayao marka ay khatarta meesha ka baxdo si lamid ah.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
Samaybta dawda b'COVID-19 waxa weli socda daraasadeed lagu samayn lagaa talaal ama dawo lagu daweeyo oo meesha ka saaraysa mushkilada xanuunka 2019-20 coronavirus (COVID-19).
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Tijaabada Caafimaadka ee Caalamiga ah ee Duwaanka Madasha WHO ayaa lagu duwaan geliyay 536 xarumood oo caafimaad si loo sameeyo daawayn xanuunka marka uu dadka ku dhaco ah oo safarka COVID-19 ah, kuwaas oo lagu samaynayo dawooyin badan oo fayruska ah oo lagu dawaynayo caabuqyada kale ee daraasada lagu wado caafimaad ee dib loogu samaynayo.
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
Maarso, WHO waxay bilawday "Tijaabo MIDNIMO" oo 10 dal ah, taas oo ay ka qayb galeen kumanaan qof oo qaba COVID-19 si loo qiieeyo wax ku oolnimda dawada ee afar dawo oo fayrusyo ah oo hore u jiray ka markaa waxtarka bata.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Intii uu socdaa, waxaa la sameeyay qiimaynta nidaamka oo la sameeyay Abriil 2020 si loola socdo hormarka duwaanka tijaabada caafimaadka ee COVID-19 talaal ah iyo dawada lagu daweeyo kuwa kasoo baxa. Talaalka iyo dawooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyay dhawr talaabo nidaam ah, caadiyan u baahan wax ka badan shan sano si loo xaqiijiyo amaanka iyo wax ku oolnimada dawada cusub.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Samaynta dawada ee lagu dooanayo in caabuqa xanuunka loogu sameeyo talaal ama dawo lagu daweeyo marka la ogaado curiya ugu wayn oo lagu ogaado nidaamka samaynta dawada.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Waxa kamid ah daraasada shaybaadhka cayayaanka iyo xayawaanka, buuxinta shuruucda, sida FDA, ee baadhitaanka dawooyinka cusub ee bilawga ku tijaabinta bukaanka bilaa aadanka, waxaana kamid noqon kara in la helo ansixinta wixii lagu maamulayay ee lagu dabaqayay dawada csuub ee suuga dawooyinka.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Samaynta talaalka COVID-19 ama dawada fayruska waxa uu ku bilaabmay kiimikada is leh ee nuqulka qaabka daawaynta mustaqbalka prophylasticee talaalka iyo hawlaha dawada fayruska ee vivo.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Hay'ada cusub oo kiimiko ah (NCE, ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan in ay yihiin shirkada cusub ee molokilaarka ama NMEs) kuwaas oo ah curiayayaal ka yimaada nidaama lagu ogaanayo dawada si loo cayimo talaalka ama dawada fayruska inta ku haboon.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Kuwani waa wax ku ool dhanka bartilmaameedka bayloojiga la xidhiidha xanuunka COVID-19.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Bilawgii samaynta talaalka ama dawada, wax yar ayaa laga yaqaanay amaanka, sunta, pharmacokinetics, iyo qaabka NCE ee bulaa aadanka.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Shaqadeeda iyo waajibaadka samaynta dawada si loo qiimeeyo dhamaan qaababka mudnaanta tijaabada xarumaha caafimaadka bilaa aadanka si loo xaqiijiyo amaanta iyo wax ku oolnimada.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Waxyaabaha dheeraadka ah ee samaynta dawooyinka waxaa lagu taliyaa xadiga iyo jadwalka isticmaalka kowaad ee tijaabada bilaa aadanka ("markii kowaad ee bilaa aadanka" [FIH] ama Dawadii Ugu Horeysay ee Bilaa Aadanka [FHD], oo hore loogu yaqaabay "raga markii kowaad" [FIM]).
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Sidoo kale, dawooyinka la sameeyay waa inay leeyihiin kiimiko cilmi nafsi oo NCE: waxa kiimikadeedu ka kooban yihiin, xasilinta, iyo xalka.
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Warshadaha waa in looga faa'idaystaa nidaamka ay isticmaalayaan si ay u sameeyaan kiimikada si ay u miisaamaan kiimikada uu soo saarayao miligiraamkii, si loo sameeyo kiiloogiraamka iyo miisaanka sare.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Waxay sidoo kale sharaxeen alaabta ku haboon ee lagu mooriyo kaabsoosha, kiniinka, dhibcaha, irbada murqaha, irbada badhida, ama xididka dawada ah.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Nidaamyadan marka la isku daro, waxaa loo yaqaan tijaabada kahor iyo samaynta tijaabada keemistari ahaan, soo saar, iyo xakamayn (CMC). Dhinacyo badan oo samaynta dawada ah ayaa diirada lagu saaraa ku qanaca shuruudaha sharciga ee maamulka liisamada dawada.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Kuwani waxay guud ahaan dhigaan tijaabada loogu talo geley in lagu ogaado sunta waawayn ee curiyaha novel kahor inta aan lagu isticmaalin bilaa aadanka.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Dawlada Kanada waxy ku dhawaaqdan CA $275 milyan oo deeq ah oo 96 mashruuc oo daraasadeed ah oo caafimaad oo lagaga jawaabayo COVID-19, oo ay ku jiraan talaalo kala duwan oo jaamacaha Kanada ah, taas oo qorshaheedu yahay in la sameeyo "kayd talaal" oo talaalka cusub ee la dhaqan geliyay ah hadii safmar kale oo coronavirus ahi uu yimaado.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Dhawr barnaamij oo tijaabo oo markaa ku taxaluuqa sadex, dhawr sano wajigo ah oo ansixinta alaabta ah, iyo afar, waji oo marka la ansixiyo kadib ah oo la socodka amaanka talaalka ama dawooyinka daawaynta:
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Tijaabada wajiga I, waxaa lagu sameeyaa dad ikhtiyaarkood u ogolaaday oo caafimaad qaba, si loo ogaado xadiga iyo amaankeeda.
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Tijaabada wajiga II waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii loo samayn lahaa qaab diyaar garawga hore ah oo wax ku ool oo si dheeraad ahna loogu baadhi lahaa tirada yar ee dadka ee qaba xanuunka lagu bartilmaameedsado NCE.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Tijaabada Wajiga III ee dadka badan, tijaabada muhiimiyada lagu ogaanayo amaanka iyo wax ku oolnimada dadka badan ee qaba safmarka COVID-19.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Hadii amaanka iyo wax ku oolnimada la xaqiijiyo, tijaabada dadka ayaa la joojin karaa markna oo NCE waxay galaysaa dhaqan gelinta dawada cusub (NDA) wajiga ah ee bilawga suuqgaynta.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Tijaabada wajiga IV marka danbe ayaa la ansixiyaa taas oo ay noqon karto shuruudaha ay FDA ku lifaaqsay, oo loo yaqaan daraasada kormeerka suuqaynta kadib.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Marka laga tijaabada u baahan in talaalka novel ama dawada fayruska in la geeyo xarunta caafimaadka marka kowaad, warshahuhu waa inay xaqiijiyaan in sunta mudada dheer ah ama joogtada ah in sidoo kale loo bayaamiyaa si wanaagsan, oo ay ku jirto saamaynta nidaamka hore loogula socday (taranka, tarmida, nidaamka difaaca, iyo kuwo kale).
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Maraykanka, nidaamka waxaa loo yaqaan "dabaqaada dawada cusub" ama NDA.
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Tijaabada caafimaadka waxaa loo dejiyay sida hormarka looga sameeyo oo waxaa lagu samayn karaa wax ka badal "nashqad kale la qaato" hadii macluumaadka laga helyo ee tijaabadu ay sheegaan wixii wanaagsan ama xun ee wax ku oolka daawaynta.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Tikaabada Midawga caalmaka iyo Yurub ee dadka ku jira isbitaalka ee qaba xanuunka daran ee COVID-19 waxaa ka waajibo nashqada lala qabadsiinayo ee markaa aadka wax looga badalo qaabka tijaabada taas oo ka imanaysa afar khidadood oo tijaabada daawaynta ah.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Nashqadaha la qabsiga ee ka socdo Wajiga II-III ee tijaabada caafimaad ee inta u qalanka daawaynta waxaa lasoo gaabin karaan mudada tijaabada oo waxaa la isticmaali karaa dad yar, waxaan macquul ah in lasoo dadajiyo go'aanka in mar hore la joojiyo ama guusha ah, oo nashqada la isku keeney ee isbadalaysa ee tijaabada gaarka ah ee goobta caalamiga ah.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Badanaa dawooyinka novel (NCEs) waxaa lagu guuldaraysaa marka la samaynayo, taas oo ah maadaama oo aan la aqbalin suntoona ama maadaama oo aan la xaqiijin inay waxtar leeyihiin xanuunka bartilmaameedka u ah, sida ku cad Wajiga II-III ee tijaaabada xarunta caafimaadka.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Xadiga sare ee ku guul daraysiga ah ee samaynta tijaabada dawada waxaa loola jeero " yaraynta xadiga", ee u baahan go'aanka wakhtiyada hore ee samaynta dawada si mar hore loo "joojiyo" mashruuca oo aan loo gelin kharash.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Hal daraasad oo 2010 lagu qiimanayay awooda iyo kharash lagu samaynayo hal dawo oo kaliya oo lagu suuqgaynayo oo ahaa ilaa US$1.8 bulyan iyo $870 milyan.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Kharashka dawada waxaa lagu qiyaasay 2015-16 tijaabada 10 dawo oo kaansarka la dagaalama inay ahay $648 milyan.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Naqdin lagu sameeyay 2016 106 dawo oo lagu qiimeeyay tijaabada xarunta caafimaadka, wada guud ee lagu bixiyay warshadaynta dawada la ansixiyay ee lagu guulaystay Wajiga III ee tijaabadu waxay ahayn $2.6 bilyan (2013 doolarka), xadiga oo kordha sanadkii xadi ah 8.5%.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Dhawr tijaabo ayaa la wadaa oo dawooyinka dib loo isticmaali karo ah kuwaas oo hore loogu ansixiyay malaariyada, oo ay ku jiraan afar daraasadood oo hydroxychloroquine ama chloroquine phosphate.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Dib u isticmaalka dawada fayruska waxa ay ah badanaa daraasada Jayniiska, kaas oo 9 Wajiga III ee tijaabada ah dib loo sameeyay dhawr dal oo markaa warbixintooda la sugayo dhamaadka Abriil.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Waxaa hogaaminaya Bill ana Melinda Gates Foundation oo cid ay gacan saar leeyihiin kuwaas oo maal galinaya US$125 milyan oo lana shaqaynaya Hay'ada Caafimaadka Adduunka, Xawaaraynta Dawawaynta COVID-19 waxa uu bilaabmay Maarso, kuwaas oo fududeeyay daraasadaynta samaynta dawada si dhakhso loogu ogaado, qiimeeo, loo sameeyo, oo loo miisaao daawaynta mustaqbalka.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Iskaashiga Daraasada Caafimaadka COVID-19 waxay samaysteen iskaashi iyo balaadhin natiijada ah oo tijaabada xarunta caafimaadka caalamiga ah ee dawooyinka la filanyo inay waxtar yeeshaan daawaynta kadib.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Horaantii 2020, waxaa jiray curiyayaal fara badan oo dawada fayruska lagu samaynayay oo markaa lagu dawaynayay caabuqyada kale kaas oo dib loo isticmaalayo ama loo samaynayo dadaalka daraasada tijaabada cusub ee markaa lagu dawaynayo COVID-19.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Wixii dawooyinka hore loo ansixiyay ah (sida hydoxychloroquine ee maleeriyada), Wajiga Tijaabada III-IV waxaa lagu ogaanayaa boqolaal kun oo COVID-19 ah dad qaba oo ay macquul tahay inay isticmaalaan dawooyin hore loo ansixiyay si loogu daweeyo caabuqa COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Horaantii Abriil 2020, 103 daawayn ayaa la mariyay tijaabada kahor ama heerka Wajiga I-IV ee samaynta, taas oo tijaabadeedu keeney in 29 dawooyin ay u qalmaan intii lagu jiray Abriil.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Maarso, Hay'ada Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) waxay samaysay "tijaabo midaysan" oo ay iska kaashadeen 10 dal oo markaa lagu samaynayo tijaabada xanuunka COVID-19 ee dadka qaba ee haysta dawada fayruska lagula dagaalamo iyo waxyaabaha ololka la dagaalama oo aan markaa wali loogu qiimaynin si gaar ah xanuunka COVID-19.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Miyay wax kamid ah dawooyinka yareeyaan dhimashada?
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Miyay wax kamid ah dawooyinku yareeyaan wakhtiga lagu jirayo isbitaalka?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Miyay dawooyin wax ka taraan baahida bilaa aadanka ee ah in lagu yareeyo COVID-19-xanuunka sanbabka ee neefsiga ama in la helo daryeel sare?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Miyay dawada noocan ah loo isticmaali karaa si loogu yareeyo xanuunka COVID-19 ee shaqaalaha daryeelka caafimaadka iyo dadka ku jira khatarta badan ee inay yeeshaan ah xanuun adag? Dadka qaba caabuqa COVID-19 kaliya waxaa weeye in loo isticmaalo macluumaad gelinta, oo ay ku jiraan ogolaanshaha aan rasmiha ahayn, websaytka WHO.
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Kadib tijaabada shaqalaaha marka la go'aamiyo dawada waxaa la keeni doonaa isbitaalada, websaytka WHO ayaa si nasiib ah ulasoo bixi doona mid kamid ah dadka lagu tijaabiyo dawada ama isbitaalka caadiga ah ee bixiya daryeelka daawaynta COVID-19.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Dhakhtarka tijaabada wada ayaa duwaan gelin doona oo gudbin doona macluumaadka ku saabsan xaalada iyo daawaynta, waxa uu buuxin doonaa macluumaadka lagu gelinayo websaytka Loo Dhanyahay ee WHO.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Gudida la socodka amaanka ee caalamka ee dhakhaatiirta WHO ayaa baadhay natiijada kumeel gaadhka ah si ay uga caawiso go'aanka amaanka iyo wax ku oolnimada dawada tijaabada ah, oo waxa ay wax ka badaleen nashqada ama waxay ku taliyeen daawayn wax ku ool ah.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Websaytyada lamidka ah ee daraasada Midaysan, oo loo yaqaan "Ogaanshaha", waxa la bilaabay Maarso dhamaan todobada dal ee INSERM (Paris, Faransiiska). Intii lagu jiray Maarso, maalgelinta diyaarada Midaysan waxa ay gaadhay US $108 milyan oo laga heley 203,000 shakhsi, hay'adood iyo dawladood, oo 45 dal ay ka qayb galayaan maaliyada ama maamulida tijaabada.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Dawooyin badan oo macquul ah oo hoos yimaada daraasadan "tageero" ahaan si meesha looga saaro raaxo dawada xanuunka, sida NSAIDs ama bronchodilator, ayaa ku jira shaxda hoose.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Heerarka kale ee Wajiga II ee tijaabada ama daawayno kale ee Wajiga I ee tijaabada, ayaa sidoo kale laga reebey.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Dawooyinka loo qaatay Wajiga I-II tijaabada ah waxa ay leeyihiin guul yar (wax ka yar 12%) oo lagaga gudbo dhamaan wajiyada tijaabada ee markaa hadhaw la ansixin doono.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Hydroxychyloroquine waxa uu aad uga badan yahay chloroquine Maraykanka,
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
In kasta oo dhawr dalk ay isticmaalaan chloroquine ama hydrpxchloroquine si ay ugu daweeyaan dadka dhakhtarta loo dhigay COVID-19, Maarso 2020 dawooyinka si rasmi ah looguma ansixin tijaabo caafimaadka Maraykanka.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Chloroquine waxa ku taliyay Jayna, Koonfurta Kuuriya, iyo Talyaaniga maamuladooda caafimaadka in lagu daweeyo COVID-19, in kasta oo hay'adahan iyo CDC-da Maraykanku ay qoraal iskasoo horjeeda kasoo saareen dadka wadne xanuun ama macaanka qaba.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Labada dawoba waxa ay si wayn ula dhax dhalaan dawooyinka la qoray, taas oo saamaynta xadida dawada iyo filashada xanuunka.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Dadka qaar ayaa xasaasiyad ka qaaday dawooyinkan. Abriil 12, tijaabada caafimaad ee hore oo lagu sameeyay isbitaal ku yaala Brazil ayaa la joojiyay markii dhawr qof oo lasiiyay dawada chloroquine ee xanuunka COVID-19 ay yeesheen wadne garaac aan caadi ahayn, oo ay 11 u dhinteen.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Tijaabada caafimaadka Jayna ee Wuhan iyo Shenzhen waxaa lagu sheegey inay favipiravir ay si "cad wax u tartay".
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Bukaanada 35 kamid ah Shenzhen oo laga waayay 4 maalmood, halka mudada xanuunka uu noqday 11 maalmood 45 bukaanka oo aan qaadan.
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Daraasad lagu sameeyay Wugan 240 bukaan oo qaba xanuunada sanbabka kala badh waxaa la siiyay favipiravir kala badhna waxa ay qaateen umifenovir.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Weedha "daarasada hordhaca ah" waxaa lagu sheegaa daraasad shaybaadh oo vitro iyo vivo ah, taas oo muujinaysa wajiga bilawga ee samaynta talaalka, dawada fayruska ama daawaynta antiboodhiga monoclonal sida tijaabada lagu ogaanayao xadiga wax ku oolka ah iyo sunteeda, kahor inta aan lala soo bixin shayga la qiimaynayo amaanka iyo waxtarkeeda bilaa aadanka.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Antiboodhiyada qaar ayaa u baahan kara in dib loogu isticmaalo daawaynta COVID-19:
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Maarso 2020, protease-ka guud ee fayruska SARS-CoV-2 waxaa lagu ogaaday in uu bartilmaameedsado dawada xanuunka kadib.
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Enzyme-kan waxa uu daruuri u yahay unuga qaabila si uu u soo saaro ribonuclein aysiidh ee fayruska.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Si aad u hesho enzyme, saynisyahanadu waxay isticmaalayaan genome ay soo saareen cilmi baadhayaasha Jayniiska Janaayo 2020 si ay usoos aaraan protease-ka guud.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Dawo macquul ah oo la isku dari ahaan, waxa ay wada isticmaaleen iyada oo laba Waji III ah gacmaha 2020 ee mashruuca Midnimada caamaka ee COVID-19.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Daraasada hordhaca ah ee Jayna waxaa lagu daray lopinavir iyo ritonavir oo aan waxba u tarin dadkii isbitaalka loo dhigay COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
b' Dib u badalka makaanka dawada (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dib u isticmaalka, dib u baadhida, dib u shaqo gelinta ama badalka daawaynta) waxaa weeye dib u isticmaal dawo hore loo ansixiyay si loogu daweeyo xanuuno kala duwan ama mushkilado caafimaad oo kala duwan wixii marka hore loo sameeyay.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Tani waa hal khad oo cilmi baadhista sayniska taas oo wakhti xaadirkan la isticmaalay si loogu sameeyo daawayn amaan ah oo wax ku ool ah COVID-19.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Daraasado kale ayaa ku saabsan jihaynta oo ay ku jirto samaynta talaal iyo ku dhubin unugyad dhiiga ee COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 waxa uu leeyahay ilaa 66 dawo oo borootiinta ah, taas oo midkiiba ay leeyahay goobo la isku daray n oo badan oo ligand ah.