atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
Kugabanuka kw'indwara zifitanye isano n'impiswi ku kigero cya 48% bishobora guhuzwa no gukaraba hakoreshejwe isabune. Gukaraba intoki n'isabune ni bwo buryo bwiza cyane bwonyine kandi budahenze mu kwirinda impiswi n'indwara z'ubuhumekero zikaze (ARI), bikaba bigomba kuba umugenzo mu ngo, ku ishuri no mu muryango mugari.
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
Umusonga, Indwara y'Ubuhumekero ikomeye cyane, ni yo iri ku isonga mu guhitana abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu, ihitana ubuzima bw'abana bagera kuri miriyoni 1,8 ku mwaka.
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
Impiswi n'umusonga byombi bihitana abana bagera kuri miriyoni 3,5 buri mwaka.
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
Hashingiwe ku bitangazwa n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumye ryita ku Bana (UNICEF), gukoresha isabune mbere yo kurya na nyuma yo gukoresha umusarani ku buryo buhoraho bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'abantu benshi kuruta urukingo urwo ari rwo rwose cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwivuza, kandi byagabanyaho hafi kimwe cya kabiri ku mpfu ziterwa n'impiswi ndetse na kimwe cya kane cy'impfu ziterwa n'indwara z'ubuhumekero zikabije.
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
Akenshi gukaraba intoki biba biri mu bindi bikorwa by'isuku bigize gahunda z'amazi, isuku n'isukura (WASH).
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
Gukaraba intoki birinda kandi indwara itera amabara ku ruhu yandura binyuze mu gukoranaho n'abandi.
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
Ingaruka ntoya yo gukaraba intoki ni uko gukaraba intoki kenshi bishobora gutera uruhu kwangirika kubera kuma cyane kw'uruhu.
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Danimarike mu 2012 bwerekanye ko gukaraba intoki birenze urugero bishobora gutera uburibwe, gukomera kw'uruhu bikunze kwitwa indwara z'uruhu rwo ku ntoki, ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bakozi bashinzwe ubuzima.
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Gukaraba intoki cyane nabyo bigaragara nka kimwe mu bimenyetso by'indwara y'imyitwarire idahwitse yo gutinya indwara (OCD).
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Hari ibihe bitanu by'ingenzi ku manywa aho gukaraba intoki n'isabune ari ngombwa mu kugabanya ubwandu bw'indwara bunyura mu musarani no mu kanwa: nyuma yo gukoresha umusarani (kwihagarika, kwituma), nyuma yo guheha umwana (kumuhindurira ibyahi), mbere yo kugaburira umwana, mbere yo kurya na mbere/nyuma yo gutegura ibiryo cyangwa gufata inyama mbisi, amafi, cyangwa inkoko.
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
Ahandi hakwiye gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gukaraba intoki kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura indwara harimo mbere na nyuma yo kuvura igikomere cyangwa igisebe; nyuma yo kwitsamura, gukorora, cyangwa kwipfuna; nyuma yo gukora ku myanda y'inyamaswa cyangwa kwita ku nyamaswa; na nyuma yo gukora ku myanda.
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
Mu bihugu byinshi, hari igipimo cyo ku rwego rwo hasi mu gukaraba intoki hakoreshejwe isabune.
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
Ubushakashatsi ku gukaraba intoki bwakorewe mu bihugu 54 mu 2015 bwagaragaje ku mpuzandengo 38,7% by'ingo zakoresheje isabune mu gukaraba intoki. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2014 bwagaragaje ko Arabiya Sawudite ifite igipimo cyo hejuru kingana na 97%; Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zifite hafi ya 77%; naho Ubushinwa bukagira igipimo cyo hasi kingana na 23%. Muri iki gihe hariho uburyo bwo guhindura imyumvire mu rwego rwo gukangurira abantu gukaraba intoki bakoresheje isabune mu bihe bikomeye. Gukarabira intoki icyarimwe ku bana bakiri mu ishuri ku nshuro zagenwe ku munsi ni bumwe mu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu rwego rwo gutoza abana umuco wo gukaraba intoki.
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education.
Gahunda y'Ingenzi yo kwita ku Buzima yashyizwe mu bikorwa n'Ishami ry'Uburezi muri Filipine ni urugero rwiza rw'ibikorwa bigamije guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abana n'uburezi.
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
Gufata imiti y'inzoka zo mu nda inshuro ebyiri mu mwaka, bifatanyije no gukaraba intoki buri munsi ukoresheje isabune, koza amenyo buri munsi ukoresheje fuliwore, ni ryo shingiro ry'iyi gahunda y'igihugu.
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
Yashyizwe mu bikorwa neza muri Indoneziya.
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
Kuvana mikorobe ku ruhu byongerwa imbaraga no kongera mu mazi amasabune cyangwa imiti y'isuku.
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
Akamaro gakomeye k'amasabune n'imiti y'isuku ni kugabanya ibibuza kuyonga no kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyonga.
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
Amazi yonyine ntasukura neza uruhu kubera amavuta n'ibinure, bisa n'ibigize ubutaka, bidapfa gushonga mu mazi.
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
Gukora isuku, bijyana no gukoresha amazi ahagije..
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
Amasabune atari ay'amazi, bitewe n'uko ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, ashobora kugumana udukoko twanduza indwara yavuye ku bayakoresheje mbere.
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
Umubare muto w'ubushakashatsi wasuzumye uburyo bwo kwanduza k'udukoko twanduza indwara zivuye mu isabune yanduye maze hanzurwa ko kwanduzwabidashoboka kuko utwo dukoko twanduza tuba twahanaguwe n'ifuro.
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable".
Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura indwara (CDC) kiracyavuga ko "isabune y'amazi hamwe n'aho kuyikoreshereza hadasaba ko ukoraho uyisohora ari bwo buryo bwiza".
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
Isabune yica udukoko twanduza indwara yashimiwe cyane abantu bashishikajwe no kwita ku buzima bwabo.
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
Kugeza ubu, nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko gukoresha imiti irinda ubwandu cyangwa imiti yica udukoko duhitamo imiti ihangana n'udukoko tuzwiho kwihanganira imiti yica bagiteri.
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
Nyamara, amasabune yica udukoko twanduza arimo imiti yica udukoko nka triclosan, ifite urutonde runini rw'udukoko tudapfa guhangarwa.
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
Bityo rero, nubwo imiti irinda ubwandu bw'indwara itatoranyijwe mu miti y'isabune zica udukoko twanduza, ishobora kuba idakora neza cyane nk'uko yamamazwa.
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
Usibye kuba yarinda ahantu hadatwikiriye ndetse n'uruhu, iyo miti ishobora kuba irimo za aside (aside asetike, aside asikorbike, aside lakitiki) nko kuringaniza ingano ya Idolojene, aside benzoyike irwanya udukoko twanduza indwara n'izindi zirinda uruhu (igikakarubamba, intungamubiri, menthol, n'indi miti ikomoka ku bimera). Ubusesenguzi bwimbitse bwakozwe na Kaminuza y'Ishuri ry'ubuvuzi rusange rya Oregon bwagaragaje ko amasabune asanzwe afite ubushobozi bwo kurinda indwara no gukura ku ntoki udukoko twanduza indwara ku rwego rumwe n'amasabune yagenewe kurwanya udukoko twanduza indwara.
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
Amazi ashyushye ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukaraba intoki ntabwo aba ashyushye bihagije kugira ngo yice udukoko twanduza indwara.
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
udukoko twanduza indwara dukura vuba cyane ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri (37 ° C).
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
Nyamara, amazi ashyushye, arimo isabune afite akamaro kuruta amazi akonje, arimo isabune mu gukuraho amavuta karemano afite ubutaka n'udukoko twanduza.
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
Bitandukanye n'uko abantu benshi babyemera, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekanye ko gukoresha amazi ashyushye ntacyo bimara mu kugabanya ingano ya mikorobe ku ntoki.
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
Umuti usukura intoki cyangwa umuti urinda ubwandu bw'intoki ni umuti w'isuku y'intoki utarimo amazi.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1990 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21 gukaraba intoki hifashishije imiti yagenewe kwica udukoko twanduza indwara (isanzwe izwi nk'imiti yo gusukura intoki irimo arukoro) byatangiye kumenyekana no gukundwa n'abantu benshi.
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
Inyinshi iba ikozwe muri arukoro ya "isopropyl" cyangwa "ethanol" ikorwa havanzwe ibyo bita Carbomer mu mavuta buzi cyangwa yongera ubuhehere nka giriserini ikabihinduramo ibisukika cyangwa ifuro mu rwego rwo koroshya ikoreshwa ryayo no kugabanya ingaruka z'arukoro zituma umuntu yumagana.
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
Kongeramo Idolojene-peroxide ifunguye byongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya mikorobe. Imiti isukura intoki irimo nibura 60 kugera kuri 95% by'arukoro, ishobora gukora neza mu kwica mikorobe.
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
Imiti yo gusukura intoki irimo arukoro yica udukoko twanduza indwara, udukoko duhangana n'imiti myinshi (MRSA na VRE), igituntu, n'izindi virusi (zirimo virusi itera SIDA, herpes, RSV, rinovirusi, vakisiniya, ibicurane, na hepatite) ndetse na virusi itera ibimeme.
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki ifite 70% yica 99,97% (3,5 by'igabanuka, bingana n'igabanuka rya desibeli 35) y'udukoko two ku ntoki mu masegonda 30 nyuma yo kuwukoresha na 99,99% kugera kuri 99,999% (igabanuka riri hagati ya 4 na 5) y'udukoko two ku ntoki nyuma y'umunota 1 nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki ikora neza cyane mu kurwanya udukoko twanduza indwara ariko ikaba idafite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kurwanya za virusi.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki isa nkaho nta bushobozi ifite bwo kurwanya norovirusi (Norwalk) ikunze gutera indwara z'igifu. Imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki igomba gukoreshwa ku buryo itosa cyangwa ikwira ku biganza byombi.
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Imbere n'inyuma h'ibiganza no hagati no ku mpera h'intoki zose harakubwa hafi mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30 kugeza amazi, ifuro cyangwa umuti usukura byumye.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Ni ngombwa gukaraba neza imitwe y'intoki uyikubira hamwe mu biganza byombi. Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura no gukumira ibyorezo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika gisaba abantu gukaraba bakoresheje imiti yica udukoko mu biganza cyane cyane iyo bigaragara ko ibiganza byanduye.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
Gukomeza gukoresha ubu buryo bishingiye ku kuba bworoshye gukoresha no kuba bwica vuba udukoko twanduza; gusa, ubu buryo ntibukwiye gusimbura uburyo bwagenwe bwo gukaraba intoki keretse mu gihe isabune n'amazi bidahari.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Gukoresha kenshi imiti isukura intoki irimo arukoro bishobora gutuma uruhu rwuma keretse muri iyo miti hongewemo iyo koroshya uruhu cyangwa ituma rudakanyarara.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Uko kuma kw'uruhu bitewe na arukoro bishobora kugabanyuka cyangwa bikavanwaho na giliseline cyangwa undi muti woroshya uruhu.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
Mu bushakashatsi bwo kwa muganga, imiti isukura intoki irimo arukoro ariko ikanabamo umuti woroshya uruhu ituma uruhu rudakomera cyane kurusha amasabune cyangwa imiti yica mikorobe.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Gufurutwa kw'uruhu, kuzana uduheri cyangwa kwivumbagatanya k'umubiri bitewe n'arukoro iri mu muti usukura intoki bibaho gake.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Kuba hari ibyago bike byo kwangiza uruhu bituma ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane ugereranije no gukaraba intoki ukoresheje isabune n'amazi.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
N'ubwo bikora neza, ibisukura intoki bitarimo amazi ntibisukura intoki ngo bimareho umwanda wose, ahubwo bikuraho udukoko twanduza gusa.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Niyo mpamvu rero umuti wo gusukura intoki udakora neza nk'isabune n'amazi mu kurinda ikwirakwizwa rya virusi nyinshi, kubera ko virusi ikomeza kuba ku ntoki.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Imikorere myiza y'imiti isukura intoki itarimo arukoro ishingiye cyane cyane ku biyigize, kandi kera yahoze idakora neza nk'arukoro n'ibindi bisiga bikomoka kuri arukoro.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Vuba aha, imiti ikoresha chloride ya benzalkonium yagaragaje ko ifite ubushobozi buhoraho bwo guhangana na mikorobe nyuma yo kuyikoresha, bitandukanye n'arukoro, byagaragaye ko umusaruro itanga ugenda ugabanuka nyuma yo kuyikoresha inshuro nyinshi, bitewe wenda n'ingaruka igenda igira ku ruhu.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Abantu benshi mu bafite imibereho iciriritse ntibashobora kubona isabune bityo bagakoresha ivu cyangwa itaka.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Gukoresha ivu cyangwa itaka ni ubundi buryo bwiza buruta gukoresha amazi gusa, ariko nanone si bwiza cyane nko gukoresha isabune.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Impungenge imwe ihari ni uko ivu cyangwa itaka bigizwe n'utunyabuzima duto cyane dushobora kwanduza bityo bikaba byakongera ikwirakwizwa ry'icyorezo kurusha uko byarigabanya.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Kimwe n'isabune, ivu naryo ryica udukoko twanduza kubera ko iyo rihuye n'amazi rikora aside.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
Mu gihe isabune itabonetse, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima risaba ko hakoreshwa ivu cyangwa umusenyi.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Uburyo bukwiye bwo gukaraba intoki bwasabwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura no gukumira indwara muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry'iki cyorezo ni ubu bukurikira:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Tosa intoki ukoresheje amazi akonje cyangwa ashyushe kandi atemba.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
Amazi atemba ni yo agomba gukoreshwa kuko amazi ari mu ibase ashobora kubamo ubwandu, kandi igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'amazi ntacyo gihindura cyane.
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Karaba intoki zizeho ifuro, uzikuba cyane ukoresheje isabune nyinshi, ukarabe inyuma y'ikiganza, hagati y'intoki no munsi y'inzara.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Isabune ikura ku ruhu udukoko dutera indwara, kandi ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bakaraba neza intoki iyo bakoresheje isabune kurusha uko bakaraba bakoresheje amazi gusa.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Kuba intoki nibura mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Gutsirita intoki cyane bituma habaho kwikubanaho, bigafasha mu gukura ku ruhu udukoko twanduza indwara, kandi kuzikuba cyane bikuraho utwo dukoko twinshi.
Rinse well under running water.
Tosa neza intoki ukoresheje amazi atemba.
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
Gutohereza intoki mu ibase bishobora kongera kwanduza intoki.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Umutsa intoki ukoresheje igitambaro gisukuye cyangwa uzumutse ukoresheje umwuka.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
Intoki zitose cyangwa zitumutse neza zishobora kongera kwandura ku buryo bworoshye. Ahantu hakunze kwibagirana ni ku gikumwe, mu bujana, mu mwanya uri hagati y'intoki, ndetse no munsi y'inzara zo ku ntoki.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Inzara z'inkorano cyangwa inzara ziteye amabara zishobora kuba indiri ya za mikorobe.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
Amavuta y'amazi yo koroshya uruhu ni yo abantu basabwa gukoresha kugira ngo intoki zidakanyarara; uruhu rwumye cyane rushobora kwangirika kandi ibyo bikongera ibyago byo gukwirakwira kw'icyorezo.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options.
Hari ubundi buryo buciriritse bushobora gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo koroshya igikorwa cyo gukaraba intoki mu gihe uburyo bwo gukoresha robine cyangwa isabune budahari, urugero nko gusuka amazi hakoreshejwe ijerikani imanitse ku giti (kandagirukarabe) cyangwa se igicuma kirimo imyenge yabugenewe cyangwa hagakoreshwa ivu igihe bibaye ngombwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Mu gihe hari ibibazo by'amazi (nko ku bigo by'amashuri cyangwa mu bice by'icyaro mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere), hari uburyo bwo gufata amazi nka kandagirukarabe n'ubundi buryo buhendutse.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Kandagirukarebe ni ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye rikoresha ijagi imanitse ku mugozi, isuka amazi hakoreshejwe ikirenge, ugakaraba amazi make make mu ntoki n'isabune.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Kumutsa intoki mu buryo bukwiye ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane mu kugirira isuku intoki, ariko ubu haracyari impaka ku buryo bwiza cyane bwakoreshwa mu kumutsa intoki mu bwiherero rusange.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugaragaza ko impapuro zikoreshwa mu kwihanagura ziba zifite isuku cyane kurusha ibyuma byumutsa intoki bikoresha amashanyarazi biri mu bwiherero bwinshi.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
Mu 2008, Kaminuza ya Westminster i Londere itewe inkunga n'uruganda rukora uduhanaguzo rwitwa "The European Tissue Symposium", yakoze ubushakashatsi bugamije kugereranya ikigero cy'isuku itangwa n'uduhanaguzo, utwumutsantoki n'akuma kagezweho kumutsa intoki.
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Nyuma yo gukaraba no kumutsa intoki ukoresheje icyuma cyumutsa intoki gikoresheje umwuka ushyushye, byagaragaye ko ingano rusange y'udukoko dutera indwara yiyongera ku mpuzandengo ya 194% ahashyirwa intoki ndetse no hagati mu kiganza ku mpuzandengo 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
Kumutsa intoki ukoresheje icyuma gihuha umwuka byatumye ingano rusange y'udukoko dutera indwara yiyongera ku mpuzandengo ya 42% ahashyirwa intoki ndetse no hagati mu kiganza ku mpuzandengo 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Nyuma yo gukaraba intoki no kuzumutsa hakoreshejwe impapuro zabugenewe, umubare wose w'agakoko wagabanyijweho ku mpuzandengo ya 76% ku duhanagurantoki no kuri 77% ku biganza. Abahanga kandi bakoze ubushakashatsi kugira ngo barebe niba habaho kwanduzanya hagati y'abantu bakoresha ubwogero ndetse n'ahabukikije bitewe na buri bwoko bw'uburyo bwo kumutsa.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Agakoresho kumutsa, ka kandi gasohora umwuka ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko wa 180m/s (650km/h; 400mph), kashoboraga gukura ku ntoki n'ibindi bice udukoko twanduza ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kwanduza abandi bakoresha ubwogero ndetse no kwigizayo utwo dukoko mu ntera igera kuri metero 2.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Gukoresha icyuma cyumutsa intoki gikoresheje umwuka ushyushye bitumura mikorobe kugeza muri metero 0.25 uvuye aho icyuma kiri.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Uduhanaguzo dukoze mu mpapuro twagaragaje ko tudakwirakwiza cyane mikorobe.Mu 2005, mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, hasuzumwe uburyo bunyuranye bwo kumutsa intoki.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Impinduka zikurikira zagaragaye mu mubare w'udukoko twanduza indwara nyuma yo kumutsa intoki:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Hariho abakora ibikoresho byo kumutsa intoki benshi, kandi ibikoresho byumatsa intoki byagereranyijwe n'impapuro z'isuku zumutsa intoki.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Gukaraba intoki ukoresheje umuti wabugenewe usukura intoki ni ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa mu gihe umuntu ari mu rugendo adafite amazi n'isabune.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Arukoro yagenewe gusukura intoki igomba kuba igizwe nibura na 60% by'arukoro.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Gukaraba intoki kwa muganga byabaye itegeko nyuma y'uko umuganga wo muri Hongiriya witwa Ignaz Semmelweis avumburiye akamaro kabyo (muri 1846) mu kwirinda indwara mu bitaro.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Hari ibikoresho by'ikoronabuhanga byibutsa abakozi bo kwa muganga gukaraba intoki iyo babyibagiwe.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kubikoresha byagabanyije igipimo cy'ubwandu.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Gukaraba intoki mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bimara nibura amasegonda 15, hakoreshejwe isabune nyinshi n'amazi cyangwa umuti wabugenewe utuma haboneka ifuru maze ugakubira hamwe ibiganza byombi.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
Intoki zigomba gukubirwa hamwe zinyuranamo ku buryo bwegeranye cyane.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
Niba hari umwanda munsi y'inzara, uburoso bwabigenewe bushobora kuwukuramo.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Kuko udukoko twanduza indwara tuguma mu mazi ari ku ntoki, ni ngombwa gutosa neza no kumutsa cyane intoki ukoresheje igitambaro gisukuye.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Nyuma yo kumutsa intoki, agahanaguzo gakozwe mu mpapuro kagomba gukoreshwa mu gufunga amazi (ndetse no gufungura umuryango usohoka niba ari ngombwa).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Ibi birinda intoki kongera kwanduzwa n'aho zakoze.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them.
Impamvu yo gukaraba intoki ahatangirwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi ni ukugira ngo hakurweho mikorobe zishobora gutera indwara no kwirinda kuzikwirakwiza.
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
Ikinyamakuru cyandika ku buzima kitwa "The New England Journal of Medicine" gitangaza ko gukaraba intoki mu mavuriro bikiri ingorabahizi, aho usanga umubare munini w'abaganga n'abaforomo bakunze kwibagirwa gukaraba intoki mbere yo gukora ku barwayi; ibi bikaba bituma udukoko twanduza indwara dukwirakwira.
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
Hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gukaraba intoki n'ubundi buryo bworoshye bishobora kugabanya ikigero cy'indwara zandurira mu nzira y'amaraso ku kigero cya 66%. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ryashyize ahagaragara inyandiko igaragaza uburyo bwizewe bwo gukaraba intoki no gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki mu nzego z'ubuzima.
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
Umushinga w'amabwiriza y'isuku y'intoki atangwa n'ikigo ashobora kuboneka ku rubuga rwacyo kugira ngo abantu bayatangeho ibitekerezo.
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
Ivugurura ry'ingenzi ryakozwe na Whitby n'abandi.
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
Ibikoresho by'ubucuruzi bishobora gupima no kwemeza isuku y'intoki, niba hasabwe kugaragaza ibisabwa n'amabwiriza.
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands:
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rigena "Ibihe bitanu" byo gukaraba intoki:
after exposure to blood/body fluids
nyuma yo kugira aho uhurira n'amaraso/amatembabuzi
before an aseptic task, and
mbere y'igikorwa cyo kuvura, na
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent.
nyuma yo kwita ku murwayi.Kongera imiti yica indwara ku isabune (amasabune "akoreshwa nk'imiti" cyangwa "ayica mikorobe") bituma gukaraba intoki bidufasha kwica udukoko twanduza.
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
Ubwo buryo bwo kwica mikorobe, bushobora gukenerwa mbere yo kubaga cyangwa ahantu higanje cyane ibinyabuzima bihangana n'imiti irwanya indwara.Kugira ngo ukube intoki neza mbere yo kubaga, ni ngombwa kugira robine ishobora gufungwa no gufungurwa udakoresheje intoki, umuti w'isuku wa chlorhexidine cyangwa iodine, igitambaro gifite isuku cyo kumutsa intoki nyuma yo kuzikaraba, ndetse n'uburoso bufite isuku bwo gukuba intoki ndetse n'ikindi gikoresho gifite isuku cyo gusukura inzara zo ku ntoki.
All jewelry should be removed.
Ugomba kwiyambura imitako yose.
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
Ubu buryo busaba gukaraba intoki n'amaboko kugeza ku nkokora, akenshi hagati y'iminota 2 kugeza kuri 6.
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
Gukuba intoki igihe kirekire(iminota 10) si ngombwa.
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
Mu gihe uri gutosa amaboko, irinde ko amazi ari ku maboko yongera kumanukira ku ntoki.
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
Nyuma yo kurangiza gukaraba intoki, zihanaguze igitambaro gisukuye maze wambare umwambaro wo mu cyumba cy'imbagwa.
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya udukoko twanduza, ni byiza gukaraba intoki cyangwa gukoresha umuti woza intoki mbere na nyuma yo kwita ku murwayi.
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
Mu bugenzuzi bwakorewe ibitaro bivura indwara ziterwa n'udukoko twitwa "sitafilokoke", byagaragaye ko inyungu nyinshi iva mu gusukura intoki ituruka muri 20% ya mbere yo gukaraba, naho inyungu nkeya yiyongeraho ikaboneka iyo inshuro zo gusukura intoki zongerewe kugera hejuru ya 35%.
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
Gukaraba ukoresheje isabune isanzwe bitanga umusaruro urenze inshuro eshatu mu kigero cy'indwara ziterwa n'udukoko two mu biribwa ugerereranyije no gukaraba ukoresheje isabune yagenewe kwica udukoko twandura. Iyo ugerereranyije gukoresha umuti basiga mu ntoki n'isabune yagenewe kwica udukoko twandura mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30, byose byagaragaje ko gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki bigabanya kwandura udukoko ku kigero cya 26% ugerereranyije n'isabune yagenewe kwica udukoko twandura.
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
Ariko gukaraba ukoresheje isabune n'amazi ni byo byiza kurusha gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki mu rwego rwo kugabanya virusi y'ibicurane bya A/H1N1 n'utundi dukoko dufite ubukana dusigara mu ntoki. Ibikorwa byo kunoza isuku y'intoki mu mavuriro bishobora kubamo no kwigisha abakozi gukaraba intoki, kongera imiti yifashishwa mu gusukura intoki no kubyibutsa abakozi mu buryo bwanditse ndetse no mu magambo.
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
Hakenewe gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugaragaza uburyo ubu bufasha ari ingirakamaro cyane mu kwita ku buzima ahantu henshi hatandukanye.
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, gukaraba intoki n'isabune bifatwa nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi kandi buhendutse bwo kugera ku buzima bwiza, ndetse n'imirire myiza.
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
Nyamara, kutabona amazi ku buryo buhoraho, isabune cyangwa ibikoresho bifasha mu gukaraba intoki mu ngo z'abantu, ku mashuri n'aho abantu bakorera ni imbogamizi ikomeye ituma kugira imyitwarire yo gukaraba intoki ku bantu bose bitagerwaho.
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
Dutanze urugero, mu bice byinshi by'icyaro muri Afurika, robine zo gukarabiraho intoki ziri hafi y'ubwiherero rusange cyangwa bw'abantu ku giti cyabo ziracyari nkeya, nubwo hari ubundi buryo buhendutse bwo kubaka ahantu ho gukarabira intoki.
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
Ariko, umubare muto w’abakaraba intoki unashobora guterwa n’umuco wabaye karande wo kudakaraba aho guterwa no kubura isabune cyangwa amazi.
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
Guteza imbere no gushishikariza abantu gukaraba intoki bakoresheje isabune bishobora kugira icyo bihindura mu gufata ingamba, gutuma abantu bamenya ibyiza byo gukaraba intoki bikanatuma abaturage bahindura imyitwarire by’igihe kirekire.
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
Kugira ngo ibi bikorwe mu buryo bunoze, kubikurikirana no kubisuzuma ni ngombwa.
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements.
Isuzuma ry’ubushakashatsi 70 ryasanze uburyo bushingiye ku baturage butanga umusaruro mu kongera ibikorwa byo gukaraba intoki muri LMICs, mu gihe kumenyekanisha ibikorwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bidatanga umusaruro. Urugero rumwe ni aho guteza imbere ibikorwa byo gukaraba intoki mu mashuri ari "Uburyo bwahawe inyenyeri eshatu" na UNICEF mu gushishikariza amashuri gukoresha uburyo bworoheje, budahenze mu guharanira ko abanyeshuri bakaraba intoki bakoresheje isabune, hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho by’isuku.
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
Iyo ibipimo by’ibanze bigezweho, amashuri ashobora kuva ku nyenyeri imwe akagera ku nyenyeri eshatu.
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
Kubaka aho abantu bakarabira intoki bishobora kuba bumwe mu buryo bw’ubukangurambaga bwo guteza imbere umuco wo gukaraba intoki bukorwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya indwara n’impfu z’abana.
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
Umunsi mpuzamahanga wo gukaraba intoki ni urundi rugero rw’ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza abantu gukaraba intoki mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zo guhindura imyitwarire. Bitewe n’icyorezo cya koronavirusi cyo mu 2019-20, UNICEF yateje imbere emoji yo gukaraba intoki.
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
Ubushakashatsi buke bwagaragaje muri rusange umusaruro wo gukaraba intoki mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bigereranyijwe n’igipimo cya DALYs.
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
Cyakora, isuzuma rimwe rigaragaza ko guteza imbere umuco wo gukaraba intoki n’isabune byatanze umusaruro kurusha ibindi bikorwa byo gukoresha amazi n’isukura.
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing".
Akamaro ko gukaraba intoki mu buzima bwa muntu; by’umwihariko, abantu bafite intege nke nk’ababyeyi bakimara kubyara cyangwa abasirikare bakomerekeye ku rugamba bari mu bitaro, kagaragaye hagati mu kinyejana cya 19 kagaragajwe n’abantu babiri batangije isuku yo mu ntoki: Umuganga w’umunyahongiriya witwa Ignaz Semmelweis wakoraga i Viyene, muri Otirishe na Florence Nightingale, umwongerezakazi "watangije uburyo bushya bwo gukora umwuga w’ubuforomo".
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
Icyo gihe abantu benshi bari bakibwira ko indwara zandura ziterwa n’impumuro mbi yitwa miyazima.
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
Muri za 1980, ibyorezo biterwa n’ibiribwa n’ubwandu bushamikiye ku buvuzi bwatumye Ikigo cya CDC cy’Amerika kirushaho kongera imbaraga mu gukangurira abantu kugira isuku yo mu ntoki nk’uburyo bw’ingenzi mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’indwara.
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
Icyorezo cy’ibicurane by’ingurube cyo mu 2009 n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyo mu 2020 byatumye ibihugu birushaho gusobanukirwa neza akamaro ko gukaraba intoki n’isabune mu kwirinda kwandura izo ndwara zandura.
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany.
Urugero, inyandiko nini zanditseho "uburyo bwiza bwo gukaraba intoki" zamanitswe iruhande rwa ravabo zo gukarabiramo intoki mu bwiherero rusange bw’inyubako z’ibiro n’ibibuga by’indege mu Budage.
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it.
Ijambo "gukaraba intoki" ku kintu runaka, bisobanura ubushake buke bw’umuntu bwo kutemera ibyo yakoze cyangwa kutemera ubugambanyi muri icyo gikorwa.
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
Byakomotse mu Gitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya Matayo aho Ponsiyo Pilato yakarabye intoki ze amaze gufata icyemezo cyo kubamba Yezu Kristu, ariko iyo nteruro ikomeza gukoreshwa cyane mu bavuga ururimi rw’Icyongereza.
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
Mu ikinamico ya Macbeth yanditswe na Shakespeare, Madamazera Macbeth yatangiye kujya akaraba intoki ze mu rwego rwo gukuraho ikizinga yatekerezaga ko afite, bigaragaza ko umutima wamukomangaga ku bw’ibyaha yakoze n’ibyo yatumye umugabo we akora.
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
Byagaragaye ko abantu, iyo bamaze kwibuka cyangwa gutekereza gukora ibikorwa bidakwiye, bagerageza gukaraba intoki inshuro nyinshi kurusha abandi, no guha agaciro ibikoresho byo gukaraba intoki kurusha ibindi.
Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering.
Kandi, abemererwa gukaraba intoki bamaze gutekereza ibyo bikorwa bibi bakunda kutongera gukora ibindi bikorwa byo "kwisukura" bihana nko gukora ibikorwa by’ubukorerabushake.
Religions prescribe hand washing for both hygienic and symbolic purposes.Symbolic hand washing, using water but no soap to wash hands, is a part of ritual hand washing featured in many religions, including Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism, tevilah and netilat yadayim in Judaism, Lavabo in Christianity, and Wudhu in Islam.Religions also prescribe hygienic hand washing, especially after certain actions.
Hari amadini asaba ko abayoboke bayo bakaraba intoki mu rwego rw’isuku no kugaragaza imigenzo y’idini. Gukaraba intoki hagaragazwa imigenzo y’idini, hakoreshejwe amazi gusa nta sabune ukaraba intoki, ni kimwe mu bigize umuco uranga amadini menshi atandukanye, harimo ababahayi, abahindu, abatevira n’abanetirati yadayimu mu Idini rya Kiyahudi, ravabo mu bemera Yezu, na wudu muri Isiramu. Amadini anasaba abayoboke bayo kugira isuku bakaraba intoki, cyane cyane nyuma yo gukora ibikorwa byihariye.
Hinduism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands after using the toilet.
Abahindu, Idini rya Kiyahudi na Isiramu bategeka gukaraba intoki nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero.
And, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands before and after every meal.
Kandi Abahindu, Ababuda, Abasiki, Idini rya Kiyahudi na Isiramu bategeka gukaraba intoki mbere na nyuma ya buri gufata amafunguro.
Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education
Ingaruka z’icyorezo cya koronavirusi cyo mu 2019–20 ku burezi
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
Icyorezo cya koronavirusi cyo mu 2019–20 cyagize ingaruka ku burezi ku rwego rw’isi, bituma amashuri na za kaminuza bifungwa ahantu henshi.
As of 8 April 2020, approximately 1.716 billion learners have been affected due to school closures in response to COVID-19.
Kugeza ku ya 8 Mata 2020, hafi abanyeshuri miriyari 1,716 bagizweho ingaruka n’ifungwa ry’amashuri mu kurwanya COVID-19.
According to UNESCO monitoring, 188 countries have implemented nationwide closures and 5 have implemented local closures, impacting about 99.4% of the world's student population.
Hakurikijwe ikurikiranabikorwa rya UNESCO, ibihugu 188 byashyizeho ingamba zo gufunga amashuri yose ku rwego rw’igihugu naho ibihugu 5 byo bifunga amashuri yo mu gace karangwamo icyorezo, bigira ingaruka ku banyeshuri 99,4% bo ku isi.