atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Kuwa 5 Mata 2020, amatsinda yari ahuriye ku buryo bumwe kandi yagiye ahura n’ikibazo akenshi kijyanye n’ibigomba kubahirizwa yashinze Ihuriro mpuzamahanga rya TCN, hakaba hari hagamijwe guhuza imbaraga no gutuma habaho uburyo bw’imikoranire ku isi ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni rikoreshwa mu gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu, ibi bikaba byatumahabaho uburyo bwagutse bwakoreshwa .
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Ku itariki ya 9 Mata 2020, guverinoma ya Singapuru yatangaje ko yashyizeho uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu bukoreshwa n’ikoranabuhanga rya leta .
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Kuwa 10 Mata 2020, ibigo bigenzura ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni rya Android na iOS, ari byo Google na Apple, byatangaje ko bifite uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu, uburyo ibyo bigo byavugaga ko bwubahirije amahame agenga ubuzima bwite bw’abantu, ubwo buryo bukaba bushingira ku guhuza ikoranabuhanga rikoresha bulutufu rizwi nka Bluetooth Low Energy n’ubundi buryo bwa mudasobwa butuma amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwite bw’abantu atavogerwa .
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Banatangaje ibyo iryo karanabuhanga rizajya rikora muri iyo gahunda.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Google na Apple batangaza ko ubu buryo bugamije gukoreshwa mu byiciro bitatu:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
kwegeranya ibikoresho bizafasha leta gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga ryubahiriza amahame y’ubuzima bwite bw’abantu rizayifasha gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
gushyira ubu buryo mu ikoranabuhanga rya iOs na Android Google na Apple ziteganya gutangiza mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’igenzura mbere na mbere hakwirakwizwa ubu buryo mu rindi koranabuhanga rihari, hanyuma ubwo buryo bukazkurwaho igihe icyorezo kizaba cyarangiye.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
gukora umuti wa b'COVID-19 ni ubushakashatsi bugamije kuvumbura urukingo cyangwa umuti ugabanya ubukana bw’icyorezo cya Koronavirusi (COVID-19).
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
Ikigo gishinzwe ibijyanye n’igerageza ry’imiti ryashyizweho na WHO cyabaruye inyigo z’imiti zigera kuri 536 mu rwego rwo gukora umuti ushobora guhangana n’ingaruka za COVID-19, ugizwe n’uruvangitirane rw’indi miti isanzwe ivura izindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi kugira barebe ko yakwifashishwa mu guhangana n’iki cyorezo .
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Muri Werurwe, WHO yatangije icyo yise “ SOLIDARITY Tial” mu bihugu 10, aho yabaruye ibihumbi by’abantu barwaye COVID-19 kugira ngo bageragerezweho imiti ine isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uwashobora guhangana n’iki cyorezo.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Muri Mata 2020 hashyizweho uburyo bwizewe kandi bwitondewe bwo kureba aho igerageza ryabaruwe ry’urukingo rwa COVID-19n’umuti ushobora guhangana nayo rigeze. Gukora urukingo n’umuti ni igikorwa kinyura mu nzira nyinshi, by’umwihariko gitwara imyaka irenze itanu kugira ngo hemezwe neza niba koko uwo muti mushya wujuje ubuziranenge kandi wizewe.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Gukora umuti ni igikorwa gisaba ko urukingo ku bwandu bushya bw’icyorezo cyangwa umuti bigera ku isoko ari uko koko amahame yose agenga ubushakashatsi ku miti yubahirijwe nta rimwe rivuyemo.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Muri ibyo birebwa harimo kuba harakozwe ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari bukorewe ku binyabuzima bito no ku nyamaswa, kuzuza ibisabwa, urugero byagenzuwe n’ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa n’imiti (FDA), kugeragereza uwo muti ku bantu, kandi uwo muti mushya ugomba kuba ufite uruhushya ruwemerera kujya ku isoko.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Igikorwa cyo gukora urukingo rwa COVID-19 cyangwa umuti urwanya virusi bihera ku guhuza ibinyabutabire n’ibindi bintu bateganya gukuramo urukingo rushya cyangwa ibindi bintu birwanya virusi biba mu binyabuzima.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Ibinyabutabire Bishya (NCEs, bizwi nka NMEs) ni urukomatane rw’imiti rurimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hakurwemo ibizavamo urukingo cg umuti wa virusi.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Ibi biratanga ikizere mu gikorwa cyo guhangana n’icyorezo cya COVID -19.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Iyo ibikorwa byo gukora urukingo cyangwa umuti, nta makuru menshi abantu baba bafite agaragaza ingaruka zawo, uburozi buwurimo, n’uko bimera iyo ugeze mu mubiri w’umuntu.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Ni akazi kandi ni n’inshingano z’abakora imiti kugenzura koi bi byose byakurijwe mbere y’uko umuti ugeragerezwa ku bantu ku gira ngo hemezwe niba ufite ubuziranenge kandi wizewe.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Indi ntego yo gukora umuti ni ukwerekana ingano y’ugomba gufatwa no gutangaza igihe uzatangira kugeragerezwa bwa mbere ku bantu ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], bimenyerewe ku izina rya "first-in-man" [FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Ikindi kiyongeraho, abakora imiti gushyiraho ibintu bigize uwo muti bya NCE: ibinyabutabire biwugize, imihindagurikire yawo ndetse n’uko bigenda iyo uvanzwe n’ibindi bintu.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Abafite inganda zikora imiti bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yose uko yakabaye mu gukora umuti ku buryo bashobora gutangirira ku ma miligarama kugeza kuri rwego rwo gukora kilogarama na za toni z’imiti.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Hanyuma bagenzura uburyo umuti ushobora gufunikwa nk’ibinini, mu buryo bwo guterwa mu mitsi, guhumekwa, guterwa mu buryo butandukanye bw’inshinge, cyangwa gukoreshwa binyuze mu maraso.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
ibi byose hamwe, ni uburyo buzwi mu rwego rwa mbere na nyuma y’ikorwa ry’umuti nko guhitamo ibinyabutabire bikenewe, kubijyana mu ruganda n’isuzuma (CMC). Ibyinshi mu bigize ikorwa ry’umuti byibanda ku gukurikiza amategeko n’amabwiriza atangwa n’inzego zishinzwe kwemeza imiti.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Ibi byose bigizwe n’ibipimo bigomba gukorwa mu rwego rwo kwerekana ingaruka umuti mushya wagira mbere yo kuwukoresha bwa mbere ku bantu .
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Guverinoma ya Canada yatangaje ko yageneye miliyoni CA$275 agenewe imishinga 96 y’ubushakashatsi mu rwego rwo guhangana na COVID-19, harimo abantu batandukanye barimo gukora ku rukingo muri kaminuza za Canada, hagamijwe gushyiraho icyo bise “ vaccine bank” y’inkingo nshya mu rwego rwo kuzayikoresha igihe haba havutse ikindi cyorezo cya Koronavirusi.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Gahunda zo kugerageza urukingo zikorwa mu byiciro bitatu harimo imyaka myinshi yo kwiga ku muti kugeza wemejwe, hanyuma icya kane kikaba gukurikirana imikorere y’umuti nyuma y’uko wemejwe hagamijwe kwiga ku ngaruka z’urukingo cg gukurikirana ubushobozi bw’umuti mu kuvura:
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Ikiciro cya I k’igerageza , ubusanzwe rikorerwa ku bakorerabushake mu buvuzi, kigaragaza ingaruka n’ingano y’umuti umuntu akwiye gufata
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Ikiciro cya II k’igerageza gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza iby’ibanze bigaragaza ubushobozi bw’umuti mu kuvura hanyuma hakarebwa ingarua zawo bikorewe ku mubare w’abantu bake bafite ubwandu burimo kwitabwaho na NCE.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Icyiciro cya III cy’igerageza kiragutse, gifite ibintu runaka kiba kigambiriye kureba mu rwego rwo kugena ingaruka n’ ubushobi n’umuti, igerageza rigakorerwa ku mubare uhagije w’abantu bafite ubwandu bwa COVID-19.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Iyo bigaragaye ko umuti ufite ubushobozi kandi wizewe, igerageza ry’umuti rishobora guhagarikwa kuri uru rwego hanyuma NCE igakurikizaho ikiciro gishya cyo gukoresha umuti (NDA) mu rwego rwo gutangira kuwugeza ku isoko.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Ikiciro cya IV kiza nyuma y’igeragezwa rya nyuma yo kwemeza umuti aho FDA ishobora gushyiraho ibisabwa, bizwi ku izina rya’inyigo ku bugenzuzi bwa nyuma yo gushyira umuti ku isoko.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Uretse umubare w’igerageza usabwa kugira ngo urukingo rushya cyangwa umuti uvura virusi bijyanwe mu ivuriro kugira ngo utangire gukoreshwa, abafite inganda rikora imiti nib nta ngaruka z’igihe kirekire cyangwa karande zishobora kubaho, harimo nk’ingaruka ushibora kugira mu mikorere y’umubiri w’umuntu ( uburumbuke, kubyara, ubwirinzi bw’umubiri, n’ibindi).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ubu buryo bwitwa “ Ikoreshwa ry’umuti mushya” cyangwa NDA mu mpine y’icyongereza.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Uburyo igeragezwa ry’umuti ririmo gukorwa bushobora guhinduka “bugashingira ku bihari” mu gihe amakuru yavuye mu igerageza agaragaza ibindi bintu bishya byiza cyangwa bibi bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’uwo muti mu kuvura.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Igeragezwa ryakozwe n’amatsinda ahuriweho ku isi yose ndetse n’Ibigo by’ I Burayi bishinzwe ubushakashati ku barwayi bafite ibibazo bikomeye by’uburwayi bwa COVID-19 rikoresha uburyo bushobora guhindurwa hashingiye ku makuru ahari mu rwego rwo guhindura uko igerageza rikorwamo bijyanye n’ingamba enye zo gukora ubushakashatsi ku miti .
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Uburyo bushobora guhinduka bitewe n’ibihari burimo gukoreshwa mu byiciro bya II-III bijyanye n’imiti iri mu igeragezwa bugomba kugabanya igihe igeragezwa rigomba kumara no gukoresha ibintu bike, hakaba hanafatwa ibyemoze byo kurihagarika imburagihe cyangwa kubona ibisubizo byiza mu gihe cya vuba, no guhuza ibikorwa bijyanye n’impinduka z’ubwo huryo hagamijwe gukora igeragezwa runaka mu bice byose bigize isi.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Imiti myinshi iri mu igeragezwa (NCEs) ipfira mu gihe cyo kuyikora, bitewe wenda no kuba ifite ingaruka zitakwihanganirwa cyangwa se bigaragara ko nta bushobozi bwo kuvura icyorezo buhari , nk‘uko bivugwa mu byiciro bya II-III by’igeragezwa ry’imiti.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
umubare munini w’ibituma umuti utaboneka ushingiye ku ikorwa ryawo, ibi bizwi ku izina ry’“ikigero cya byacitse”, aho haba hagomba gufatwa ibyemezo hakiri kare mu bijyanye no gukora umuti mu rwego rwo guhagarika imishinga hagamijwe kwirinda ibihombo.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Inyigo imwe yo mu w’2010 yasanze amafaranga ashorwa n’andi yose ashorwa kugira ngo umuti mushya umwe ugere ku isoko angana n‘amadorari miliyari US$1.8 na miliyoni US$870, uko bikurikirana.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Amafaranga yatanzwe mu igerageza ry’imiti ivura kanseri ryo mu myaka ya 2015-16 abarirwa mu madorari miliyoni $648.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Mu igenzura ryakozwe mu w’2016 ku miti 106 yari mu igeragezwa, ikiguzi cyose hamwe cyayitanzweho mu byiciriro byose uko ari III byo gukora umuti cyari amadorari miliyari $2.6 ( mu gaciro k’idorari ryo mu w’2013), amafaranga agenda yiyongera ku kigero cya 8.5%.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Amageragezwa arindwi yakorewe ku miti isanzwe yemewe mu kuvura Malaria, harimo ine ya “hydroxychloroquine” cyangwa “chloroquine phosphate”.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Ubushakashatsi bwo mu Bushinwa burimo kwibanda cyane ku miti isanzwe ivura indwara ziterwa na virusi, hakorwa igeragezwa mu byiciro III inshuro 9 ku muti witwa “remdesivir”, mu bihugu byinshi bitandukanye bitewe na raporo igomba gusohoka bitarenze impera za Mata.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Ikigo cya Bill na Melinda Gates gifatanyije n’abafatanyabikorwa bacyo bashora amafaranga angana na miliyoni US$125 kandi ku bufatanye bw’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima, hatangiye ibikorwa byo gushaka umuti uvura COVID-19 muri Werurwe, hafashwa abashakashatsi kuri uwo muti kuwubona byihuse, kuwusuzuma, kuwukora no kuwukoresha mu kuvura abantu ku buryo bufatiaka .
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
hashinze ihuriro ku bushakashatsi ku muti wa COVID-19 mu rwego rwo guhuzaibikorwa no kwihutisha kubona ibisubizo bivuye mu igeragezwa ry’imiti rikorwa ku isi hose ishobora kuvura ubwandu bw’iki cyorezo.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Mu ntangirio za 2020, hatangiwe ubushakashatsi ku miti inyuranye isanzwe ivura izindi ndwara mu rwego rwo kureba niba ishobora guhangana na COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Ku miti isanzwe yemewe mu buvuzi (nka “hydroxychloroquine” uvura malaria), igeragezwa ryo mu byiciro bya III-IV bigaragaza ko abantu amagana n’ibihumba bafite ubwandu bwa COVID-19 bashobora kuvurwa n’iyo miti yemewe isanzwe ivura izindi ndwara.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Nko mu ntangiriro za Mata 2020, imiti igera ku 103 yari mu igeragezwa ry’ibanze cyangwa mu kiciro I-IV k’ikorwa ry’imiti, hitezwe nibura ko ibisubizo ku miti 29 byaba byabonetse muri Mata .
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Muri Werurwe, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima(WHO) watangije ihuriro wise "Solidarity trial" mu bihugu 10, hakorerwa igeragezwa ku bihumbi by’abantu banduye COVID-19, mu rwego rwo gusuzuma byihuse niba imiti isanzwe ivura indwara ziterwa na virusi n’ubundi burwayi butwika umubiri ishobora kuvura indwara ya COVID-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Ese haba hari umwe muri iyi miti ugabanya abantu bapfa bishwe n’iki cyorezo?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Ese haba muri iyi miti harimo ushobora kugabanya igihe umuntu amara mu bitaro arwaye?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Ese iyi miti yaba igira uruhare mu gutuma uwanduye COVID-19 ufite ibibazo by’umusonga adakenera kongererwa umwuka cyangwa gushyirwa ahagenewe indembe?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Ese birashoboka ko iyi miti ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya uburwayi bwa COVID-19 ku baganga n’abandi bantu basanganywe uburwayi bukomeye? Kubarura abantu banduye COVID-19 byoroshywa no gukoresha amakuru yatanzwe, harimo n’ibyumvikanyweho, bisangwa ku rubuga rwa WHO.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Iyo abashinzwe igeragezwa ry’imiti bamaze gutangaza imiti irimo gukoreshwa mu bitaro, urubuga rwa WHO ruhitamo abarwayi bagomba kugeragerezwaho iyo miti cyangwa hagakoreshwa uburyo bwemewe bwo kuvura COVID-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Umuganga urimo gukora igerageza yandika kandi agatanga amakuru ajyanye nuko umurwayi agenda amererwa. Akagenda yuzuza inyandiko iri ku rubuga rw’ihuriro ryitwa “WHO solidarity”
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Urwego rw’isi rushinzwe ubuziranenge rugizwe n’abaganga ba WHO rukora isuzuma ku byavuye mu igeragezwa mu rwego rwo gufasha mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo ku buziranenge n’ubushobozi bw’umuti uri mu igeragezwa, no guhindura imitere yawo cyangwa gutanga inama y’igikwiye gukorwa kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bw’umuti.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Hari indi nyigo isa n’iyakozwe n’ihuriro yitwa “Ubuvumbuzi” yatangiye gukorwa muri Werurwe, itangirira mu bihugu birindwi, ikorwa na INSERM (Paris, France). Muri Werurwe Ihuririo ry’igerageza ry’imiti ryahawe inkunga y’amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni US$108 itanzwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo bangana na 203.000, imiryango na za guverinoma, harimo n’ibihugu 45 byemeye gutanga amafaranga cyangwa gukurikirana icyo gikorwa.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Imiti myinshi irimo kwigwaho ifatwa nk’ “igomba gufasha” mu kugabanya kumererwa nabi n’iyi ndwara, nka “NSAIDs” cyangwa “bronchodilators”, ntiri ku rutande turi bubone hasi.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Indi nayo igitangira ikiri mu cyiciro cya IIcy’igeragezwa cyangwa indi miti myinshi iri ku cyiro cya I cy’igeragezwa, nayo ntibariwemo.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Imiti iri mu kiciro cya I-II cy’igeragezwa ifite rwego rwo hasi rwo rw’icyizere ( munsi ya 12%) cyo kuba yanyura mu byiciro byose by’igeragezwa kugira ngo ibe yakwemerwa.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika umuti wa ”Hydroxychloroquine” uraboneka cyane kurusha “chloroquine”.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Nubwo ibihugu byinshi bikoresha umuti wa “chloroquine” cyangwa “hydroxychloroquine” mu kuvura abantu barwaye COVID-19, muri Werurwe 2020, uyu muti ntabwo wari wakemejwe ku mugaragaro mu igeragezwa ryakorewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Inzego z’ubuzima zo mu Bushinwa, Koreya y’amagepfo n’Ubutariyani nizo zatangaje ko “Chloroquine”yakoreshwa mu kuvura COVID-19, ariko ibi izi nzego ndetse na byasanze atari ko bimeze ku bantu basanzwe bafite indwara z’umutima n’igisukari (diyabete).
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
iyi miti yombi ishobora gukorana n’indi miti yagenwe, ikagira ingaruka ku ngano y’umuti umuntu agomba gufata no kuba yavura icyorezo.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Iyi miti igira ingaruka ku bantu bamwe iyo bayifashe. Kuwa 12 Mata, igeragezwa ry’ibanze ryakorewe mu bitaro byo muri Brazil ryarahagaritswe nyuma yo kubona ko abarwayi benshi ba COVID -19 bahawe ingano ya Chloroquine yo hejuru bahise bagaragaza ibibazo bidasanzwe by’umutima, bituma 11 bitaba Imana.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Igeragezwa ryo mu Bushinwa ryakorewe ntara ya Wuhan na Shenzhen ryatangaje ko umuti wa favipiravir wari ufite "ubushobozi ntashidikanywaho” bwo kuvura iki cyorezo.
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Abarwayi 35 bo muri Shenzhen bagaragaje ko bakize mu minsi 4, mu gihe abarwayi 45 batahawe uyu muti byabatwaye iminsi 11 kugira ngo bakire.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Mu nyigo yakorewe I Wuhan ku barwayi 240 bafite ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, kimwe cya kabiri bahawe umuti wa” favipiravir” naho ikindi gice bahabwa “umifenovir”.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Ijambo “ ubushakashatsi ku igerageza ry’umuti” risobanurwa n’inyigo ya laboratwari hanze y’umubiri cyangwa yageze mu mubiri, inyigo igaragaza icyiciro cya mbere mu gukora urukingo, umuti urwanya virusi cyangwa ushobora gutuma umubiri ukora abasirikari barinda indwara, ubwo bushakashatsi bukagaragaza ingano nyayo y’umuti ugomba gufatwa n’ingaruka zawo, ibi bigakorwa mbere y’uko ugeragerezwa ku bantu.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Imiti imwe ivura indwara ziterwa n’udukoko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura COVID-19:
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Muri Werurwe 2020, hatangajwe ko uturemangingo dukorwa na virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 dushobora kuvura umuntu wamaze kwandura.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Iyi poroteyine ikora imisemburo ni ingenzi cyane mu mubiri uyakiriye kuko ituma hakorwa ingirangingo zifasha virusi kororoka.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Kugira ngo iyi poroteyine ikora imisemburo igaragare, abahanga bifashisha akaremangingo gato cyane kavumbuwe n’abashakashatsi bo mu Bushinwa muri Mutarama 2020 mu rwego rwo gutandukanya uturemangingo nyir‘izina.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bukomatanyije, dukoreshwa twose ubugira kabiri mu byiciro III byashyizweho n’ihuriro ryo ku isi ku mushinga wo kurwanya COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze mu Bushinwa bwateranyije umuti wa “lopinavir” na “ritonavir” ntibyagira icyo bitanga ku barwayi ba COVID-19 bayihawe.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Gukoresha umuti mu kuvura indwara utagenewe kuvura bizwi nka “drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching” mu Cyongereza, ni uburyo bwo gufata umuti wemewe mu kuvura indwara runaka ukawukoresha uvura indi ndwara itandukanye nayo cyangwa iteye ku buryo butandukanye n’indwara wakorewe kuvura.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Uyu niwo murongo w’ubushakatsi burimo gukorwa mu rwego rwo gukora umuti wizewe kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo kuvura COVID-19.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Ubundi bushakashatsi bugamije ibirimo gukora urukingo rwa COVID-19 n’umuti waterwa mu maraso. SARS-CoV-2 ifite imiti ibarirwa muri 66 irimo kugeragerezwa ahantu hatandukanye.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Isesengura ry’aho hantu ritanga umushinga wo gukora umuti ushobora guhangana n’uturemangingo twa COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Tumwe mu turemangingo dukomeye twa SARS-CoV-2 turimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi ni utumeze nk’utuboneka mu mbuto z’amapapayi, udufitanye isano na RNA, “helicase”, “S protein”, na “ADP ribophosphatase”.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
Hussein A A, n’abo bafatanyije, bakoze ubushakashatsi ku miti bagaragaje ko ifite imiterere imeze kimwe n’iy’imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu rwego rwo kwihutisha ikorwa ry’umuti ufite ubushobozi bwo kuvura SARS-CoV-2 mu bushakashatsi bwe bw’ibanze hagamijwe kuwushyira ku rutonde rw’imiti igomba kwigwaho .
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
Chloroquine ni umuti uvura malaria ariko ukaba ushobora kuvura n’izindi ndwara zituruka ku mikorere y’abasirikari b’umubiri.
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
Kuwa 18 Werurwe, WHO yatangaje ko “chloroquine” na “hydroxychloroquine” ishobora kujya ku rutonde rw’imiti ine irimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi n’ihuriro rikora igerageza ry’imiti rizwi ku izina rya “Solidarity” .
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Guverineri wa New York Andrew Cuomo yatangaje ko leta ya New York State izatangira kugerageza chloroquine na hydroxychloroquine kuwa 24 Werurwe. Kuwa 28 Werurwe, FDA yatanze uburenganzira bwo gukoresha hydroxychloroquine sulfate na chloroquine phosphate mu gihe nta wundi muti uraboneka mucyo bise “Emergency Use Authorization” (EUA) mu rurimi rw’icyongereza.
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
Uyu muti ntiwigeze wemezwa burundu n’igeragezwa ryakozwe na FDA, ukoreshwa gusa mu rwego rwa EUA, nk’umuti ukirimo gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi kugira ngo ube ukoreshwa mu kuvura ku barwayi bari mu bitaro ariko badashobora kuvurirwa aho kugeragerezwaho umuti.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
CDC yavuze ko “ikoreshwa, ingano, cyangwa igihe umuntuashobor akumara afata umuti wa hydroxychloroquine mu kwirinda cyangwa kuvura SARS-CoV-2 bitaratangazwa.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
abaganga batangaje ko uyu muti ukoreshwa iyo "nta yandi mahitamo ahari".
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri Turukiya i Istanbul ririmo gukora inyigo yoroheje ku ikoreshwa rya chloroquine iri kumwe na “zinc”, vitamini A, vitamini C na vitamini D.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse burimo gukorwa muri kaminuza ya Duke and n’iya Oxford.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
Ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryitwa NYU Langone Medical School ririmo gukora igerageza ku buziranenge n’ubushobozi bw’umuti wa hydroxychloroquine mu kuvura abantu.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Igeragezwa ryo mu Bushinwa ryakorewe ntara ya Wuhan na Shenzhen ryatangaje ko umuti wa favipiravir wari ufite "ubushobozi ntashidikanywaho” bwo kuvura iki cyorezo.
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Abarwayi 35 bo muri Shenzhen bagaragaje ko bakize mu minsi 4, mu gihe abarwayi 45 batahawe uyu muti byabatwaye iminsi 11 kugira ngo bakire.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Mu nyigo yakorewe I Wuhan ku barwayi 240 bafite ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, kimwe cya kabiri bahawe umuti wa” favipiravir” naho ikindi gice bahabwa “umifenovir”.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
Ikigo Gishinzwe iby’imiti cyo mu Butariyani kibukije abantu ko ibishingirwaho mu kwemeza uyu muti bidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kandi ko bikiri mu bushakashatsi bw’ibanze.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
kuwa 2 Mata, Ubudage bwatangaje ko bushobora kugura uyu muti mu Bushinwa bakaba bawufite mu bubiko bwabo, hanyuma bagakoresha igisirikari mu kuwugeza ku bitaro bya Kaminuza, aho umuti uzakoreshwa mu kuvura abarwayi ba COVD-19.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Nkuko bitangazwa na South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe yagiriye inama ubutegetsi bwa Trump ijyanye no kugura uyu muti. Uyu muti ushobora kugaragaza ubushobozi buke mu kuvura ku bantu bazahajwe n’icyorezo mu duce tumaze kugira imibare myinshi y’abanduye.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
si byiza gukoresha uyu muti ku bagore batwite cyangwa bitegura gusama.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), kuvanga lopinavir na ritonavir, bwanzuye ko "nta musaruro byatanze".
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Iyi miti yakorewe guhagarika iyororoka rya Virusi itera Sida.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryo muri Kaminuza ya Colorado ririmo kugerageza kuvugurura iyi miti hagamijwe gukora umuti wazitira iyororoka rya SARS-CoV-2. Hari abahanga benshi banenga iki kemezo cyo gukoresha iyi miti yakorewe kurwanya agakoko gatera SIDA.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
WHO yashyize lopinavir/ritonavir ku rutonde rw’imiti igomba gukorewa igeragezwa ku rwego rw’isi
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
Remdesivir yakozwe n’ikigo cyitwa “Gilead Sciences”, ugenewe kuvura icyorezo cya virusi ya Ebola na Marburg. “Gilead Sciences” yavumbuye kandi ko umuti wa Remdesivir ushobora kurwanya virusi itarinjira mu mubiri w’ikinyabuzima, izo virusi zimo izishobora kororoka, izo mu buhumekro-, izisenya ubwirizi bw’umubiri-, n’izo mu bwoko bwa korona.
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Ikibazo gikunze kubaho mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi ni uburyo ziba zifite ubushobozi bwo gusuzugura imiti bitewe nuko zigenda zihindura imiterere bigatuma indwara irushaho kugira ubukana no kwandura.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Inyigo za vuba zigaragaza ko remdesivir ishobora kuba ifite imitrere ikomeye ituma ihangara indwara. Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi bukirimo gukorwa, harimo bubiri bwakozwe n’ ibitaro bya kaminuza ya Clevaland; bumwe bukorerwa ku bantu bafite uburwayi butarakomera naho ubundi bukorerwa ku ndembe.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
Hari igeragezwa ry’ubwoko butatu ry’imiti ririmo gukorerwa kuri Vitamini C ishobora guterwa mu maraso , rikaba ririmo gukorerwa ku bantu bari mu bitaro n’indembe za COVID-19; ubwoko bwa mbere bw’igerageza bukaba bugenzurwa ( Ubushinwa, Canada) naho ubundi buka butagenzurwa (Ubutariyani).
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
Kuwa 24 Werurwe, Leta ya New York yatangiye kugerageza umiti wica udukoko witwa azithromycin.
Japan's National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) is planning a clinical trial for Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, for the treatment of pre-symptomatic patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
Ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku buzima cyo mu Buyapani (NCGM) kirimo guteganya kugerageza umuti witwa „Teijin's Alvesco” (ciclesonide ), uvura indwara ya asima mu kuvura abarwayi ba Koronavirusi bataragaza ibimenyetso.
A form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a Phase II trial is underway with 200 patients to be recruited from severe, hospitalized cases in Denmark, Germany, and Austria to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
Uburyo bwa 2 bw’uturemangingo two mu miyoboro y’amaraso, hari igeragezwa ririmo gukorerwa ku barwayi 200 bazatoranywa mu ndembe, abari mu bitaro by muri Denmark, Ubudage, na Austria bugamije kwerekana ubushobozi bw’umuti mu kuvura.
Researchers from the Montreal Heart Institute in Canada are currently studying the role of colchicine in reducing inflammation and pulmonary complications in patients suffering from mild symptoms of COVID-19.
Abashakashatsi bo mu ishuri rikuru rya Montreal Heart muri Canada barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku muti wa colchicine mu rwego rwo kugabanya umuriro n’ibibazo by’ubuhumekero bigaragara ku barwayi bazahazwe n’ibimenyetso bikaze bya COVID-19.
The study, named COLCORONA, is recruiting 6000 adults aged 40 and over who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and experience mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization.
Ubushakashatsi, bwiswe COLCORONA, burimo gushaka abantu 6000 bafite imyaka 40 no hejuru basanzwemo COVID-19 kandi bakagaragaza ibimenyetso bizakakaye ariko akaba atri ngombwa ko bajyanywe mu bitaro.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or who do not have an effective contraceptive method are not eligible.
Abagore batwite cyangwa bonsa cyangwa badakoresha uburyo bwizewe bwo kuboneza urubyaro ntibarebwa n’ubu bushakashatsi.
Several anticoagulants are being tested in Italy.
Imiti myinshi ifasha mu gutuma amaraso atavura irimo kugeragezwa mu Butariyani.
Low-molecular-weight heparin is being widely used to treat patients, prompting the Italian Medicines Agency to publish guidelines on its use.
Imiti ifasha mu gutuma amaraso atavura izwi nka „Low-molecular-weight heparin” mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, irimo gukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura abarwayi, ibi bikaba birimo gushyira igitutu ku bigo by’ubuzima mu Butariyani cyo gutangaza amabwiriza ku ikoreshwa ry’uyu muti.
A multicenter study on 300 patients researching the use of enoxaparin sodium at prophylaxis and therapeutic dosages was announced in Italy on April 14.
Kuwa 14 Mata mu Butariyani hatangajwe ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bigo bitandukanye ku barwayi 300 ku ikoreshwa ry’umuti wa enoxaparin sodium mu rwego rw’ubwirinzi n’ingano y’umuti umuntu akwiye gufatwa mu kuvura indwara.
Since SARS-CoV-2 is a virus, considerable scientific attention has been focused on repurposing approved anti-viral drugs that were developed for prior outbreaks such as MERS, SARS, and West Nile virus.
Kuva byatangazwa ko SARS-CoV-2 ari virusi, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bukomeje kwibanda ku miti yemejwe ko ivura indwara ziterwa na virusi yari yarakozwe mbere yo kwaduka kwa virusi nka MERS, SARS, na West Nile.
Ribavirin: ribavirin was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Ribavirin: ribavirin mu mabwiriza yo ku nshuro ya 7 yo mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa, byatangajwe ko ushobora kwifashishwa mu kuvura COVID-19
Umifenovir: umifenovir was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Umifenovir: umifenovir mu mabwiriza yo ku nshuro ya 7 yo mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa, byatangajwe ko ushobora kwifashishwa mu kuvura COVID-19
Some antibiotics that have been identified as potentially repurposable as COVID-19 treatments:
Byatangajwe ko imiti imwe ya antibiyotike ishobora kwifashishwa mu kuvura COVID-19:
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Approved by China.
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Wemejwe n’Ubushinwa .
Also trials in Italy and China. and see Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
Ndetse n’igeragezwa ryo mu Butariyani. Reba Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
It is unclear yet whether conditions arising during pregnancy including diabetes, cardiac failure, hypercoagulability or hypertension might represent additional risk factors for pregnant people as they do for nonpregnant people.From the limited data available, vertical transmission during the third trimester probably does not occur, or only occurs very rarely.
Ntibirasobanuka neza niba ibibazo biterwa no gutwita brimo ibijyanye n’igisukari, ibibazo by’umutima, ibijyanye no kuvura kw’amaraso cyangwa umuvuduko w’amaraso bishobora kugira izindi ngaruka ku bantu batwite nk’uko bigaragara ku bantu badatwite. Hashingiwe ku makuru make ahari, ntabwo kwanduzanya mu gihe cyo mu cyiciro cya gatatu cy’inda bibaho, niba binabayeho biba gake cyane gusa.
There is no data yet on early pregnancy.
Nta makuru ahari ajyanye n’igihe inda iba iki ntoya.
Little evidence exists to permit any solid conclusions about the nature of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.
Hari amakuru make ashobora gushingirwaho ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubwandu bwa COVID-19 igihe umuntu atwite.
A case series of 43 women from New York who tested positive for COVID-19 showed similar patterns to non-pregnant adults: 86% had mild disease, 9.3% had severe disease and 4.7% developed critical disease.
uruhererekane rw‘abagore batwite 43 bo muri New York basanzwemo ubwandu bwa COVID-19 rwagaraje ko ntacyo bagaragaza gitandukanye n’abandi bantu bakuze bagaragayeho ubwandu ariko badatwite: 86%bari barwaye byohroheje, 9,3% bari batangiye kumererwa nabi naho 4,7% bari indembe.
Fetal distress was reported in two.
Hagaragaye babiri bafite byo guhungabana kw’imiterere y’umwana mu nda.
None of the women developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died.
Nta numwe muri abo bagore wagaraje ibibazo byo kubura umwuka cyangwa ngo yitabe Imana.
All of them had live birth pregnancies and no severe neonatal asphyxia was observed.
Bose uko bakabaye babyaye neza na n’ikibazo na kimwe cyo kubura umwuka cyagaragaye.
The samples of breast milk, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all results were negative.In another study on 15 pregnant women, majority of the patients presented with fever and cough, while laboratory tests yielded lymphocytopenia in 12 patients.
Ibizamini byafashwe mu mashereka, amatembabuzi yo mu nda ibyara (iya nyuma), amaraso yo mu nkondo y’umwana ndetse n’amatembabuzi aza mbere y’umwana, byose byarapimwe ngo barebe niba nta SARS-CoV-2, byose ibisubizo biza bigaragaza ko ari bazima. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bagore batwite 15, abenshi muri bo barwayi bagaragaje ibimenyetso by’umuriro n’inkorora, mu gihe ibipimo byo muri laboratwari byagaragaje ikibazo cyo mu maraso mu barwayi 12.
Computed tomography findings of these patients were consistent with previous reports of non-pregnant patients, consisting of ground-glass opacities at early stage.
Amafoto y’aba barwayi yafashwe n’ibyuma byo kwa muganga yagaragaje ibihuye n’amakuru yara yatangajwe mbere ku bantu badatwite, agizwe n’ibitaragaragaye mu bihe bya mbere byo gutwita.
Follow-up images after delivery showed no progression of pneumonia.Media reports indicate that over 100 women with COVID-19 might have delivered, and in March 2020, no maternal deaths were reported.
Amafoto yafashwe nyuma yo kubyara no mpinduka yagaragaje ku bijyanye n’ibibazo byo guhumeka. Ibitangazamakuru bivuga ko abagore barenga 100 bafite ubwandu bwa COVID-19 bagombaga kuba barabyaye , ndetse no muri Werurwe 2020 , nta mubyeyi witabye imana abyara watangajwe.
Their guidelines thus advise that any pregnant person admitted to hospital with a COVID-19 infection should receive at least 10 days of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin after being discharged from the hospital.
Amabwiriza yabo rero avuga ko ari byiza ko abantu batwite bajyanywe mu bitaro kubera ubwandu bwa COVID-19 bagomba guhabwa Imiti ifasha mu gutuma amaraso atavura izwi nka „Low-molecular-weight heparin” mu gihe cy’iminsi 10 nyuma yo gusohoka mu bitaro.
There are no data yet concerning the implications of COVID-19 infections for labour.
Nta makuru araboneka ajyanye n’ingaruka z’ubwandu bwa COVID-19 mu gihe cyo kubyara.