atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Moreover, the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from high metabolic activity of bats could both suppress CoV replication and affects proofreading by exoribonuclease, thus providing the selection pressure for the generation of virus strains highly pathogenic when introduced into a new host.
Kandi, urugero rwo hejuru rw’ibinyabutabire birimo ogisijeni (ROS) bituruka ku bikorwa byinshi by’umubiri w’uducurama bishobora guhagarika CoV ntiyikoremo utundi duce maze bikagira ingaruka mu gukosora ibyakozwe na anzime ihindura jene, bityo guhitamo jene za virusi bigatera indwara cyane igihe zigiye mu nyamaswa nshya.
More pathogenic CoV strains might also evolve by recombination, leading to the acquisition of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
Izindi jene zitera indwara za CoV nazo zirahinduka, hakaboneka poroteyine nshya cyangwa ibice byayo bituma inyamaswa imenyera iyo virusi.
Thus, it is not by chance that three novel HCoVs have emerged in the past two decades.
Bityo, si amahirwe kuba virusi eshatu nshya za HCoV zaragaragaye mu myaka makumyabiri ishize.
CoVs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
CoV ntizitera indwara cyangwa ibimenyetso byoroheje inyamaswa zagize indiri nk’uducurama n’ingamiya.
They replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
Zihinduka cyane zitarwanyijwe bikomeye n’abasirikare b’umubiri zikuriramo.
Herein lie the secrets of why asymptomatic carriers are seen and what causes the severe cases in human infection.
Aha ni ho hari ibanga ry’impamvu inyamaswa zirimo iyo virusi zitagaragaza ibimenyetso n’ibituma abantu barwara cyane.
The severe symptoms are mainly due to the hyperactivation of immune response and the cytokine storm wherein the stronger the immune response, the more severe the lung damage.
Ibimenyetso bikomeye ahanini biterwa n’ikora cyane ry’abasirikare b’umubiri no kurekura sitokine nyinshi, uko abasirikare barushaho kurwanya indwara ni na ko ibihaha birushaho kwangirika.
In contrast, in asymptomatic carriers, the immune response has been de-coupled from CoV replication.
Bikaba bitandukanye ku nyamaswa zitagaragaza ibimenyetso, aho abasirikare b’umubiri bikura kuri virusi ya CoV iri guhinduka.
The same strategy of delinking the immune response might have beneficial effects in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
Kwitandukanya kw’abasirikare b’umubiri bishobora kugira akamaro mu kuvura virusi ya SARS-CoV-2.
The interferon response is particularly strong in bats.
Poroteyine irwanya virusi zirakomeye mu ducurama.
Thus, administration of type I interferon at least in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans should be beneficial.
Bityo, gutanga poroteyine irwanya virusi yo mu bwoko bwa I byibuze umuntu acyandura SARS-CoV-2 byagira akamaro.
In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bats is defective.
Na poroteyine ya NLRP3 irwanya virusi ntikora mu ducurama.
By this reasoning, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.
Hakurikijwe ibi bitekerezo, kubuza poroteyine ya NLRP3 ifite MCC950 gukora byagira umumaro mu kuvura COVID-19.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 follows the general theme by which SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV arose.
Kugaragara kwa SARS-CoV-2 gukurikira uko virusi SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV zaje.
Whereas a bat beta-CoV sharing 95% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV has been found, there also exists a bat-CoV sharing 96% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV-2.
Mu gihe byagaragaye ko beta-CoV yo mu gacurama bisangiye isanomuzi rya 95% na SARS-CoV, ni na ko isangiye isanomuzi rya 96% na SARS-CoV-2.
Whereas civets and other animals in the markets have been found to harbour viruses identical to SARS-CoV, immediate intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not been identified.
Mu gihe byasanzwe ko impimbi n’izindi nyamaswa zo mu masoko zirimo virusi zisa na SARS-CoV, ariko ntihagaragaye virusi SARS-CoV-2 ikuriramo.
Pangolin beta-CoVs strikingly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 have been found, indicating that pangolins might serve as one of intermediate hosts or pangolin beta-CoVs could contribute gene fragments to the final version of SARS-CoV-2.
Hagaragaye beta-CoV yo mu gisamujyonjyo isa cyane na SARS-CoV-2, bikerekana ko ibisamujyonjyo bishobora kuba inyamaswa ikuriramo cyangwa beta-CoV yo mu gisamujyonjyo ikaba ari imwe mu bice bya jene byihuza bikavamo SARS-CoV-2.
Although questions remain, there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is man-made either deliberately or accidentally.
Nubwo hari ibikibazwa, nta gihamya ko SARS-CoV-2 yakozwe n’abantu ku bushake cyangwa ku bw’impanuka.
CoVs have returned to the limelight due to the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
CoV zongeye kuvugwaho bitewe ni uko haherutse kwaduka icyorerezo cya SARS-CoV-2.
The study of CoVs in bats and other animals has drastically changed our perception of the importance of zoonotic origins and animal reservoirs of HCoVs in human transmission.
Ubushakashatsi kuri CoV yo mu ducurama n’izindi nyamaswa bwahinduye cyane imyumvire yacu yerekeye inyamaswa zibamo HCoV mu kwanduza abantu.
Pervasive evidence has shown that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have a bat origin and are transmitted to humans via intermediate hosts.
Ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2 zikomoka ku gacurama maze zikanduzwa abantu binyuze mu nyamaswa zikuriramo.
Given that SARS-CoV infection originates from the contact between humans and civets in the markets, closing wet markets and killing civets therein could have effectively ended the SARS epidemic.
Kuba ubwandu bwa SARS-CoV buturuka mu kwegerena kw’abantu n’impimbi mu masoko abagirwamo inyamaswa, kuyafunga no kwica impimbi ziyarimo byari guhagarika neza icyorezo cya SARS.
By the same reasoning, pangolins should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission, in view of the discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin beta-CoVs closely related to SARS-CoV-2.
Ni na ko ibisamujyonjyo bigomba gukurwa mu masoko abagirwamo inyamaswa mu kwirinda ko byanduza izindi nyamaswa, hakurikijwe ubushakashatsi ku nkomoko ya beta-CoV yo mu bisamujyonjyo ifitanye isano ya hafi na SARS-CoV-2.
However, whether and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted to humans through pangolins and other mammals remain to be clarified in future investigations.
Ariko uko abantu bandura virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 ivuye ku bisamujyonjyo n’izindi nyamabere bigomba gusobanurwa neza mu bushakashatsi buzakorwa.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has existed in dromedary camels for a long time.
Ku rundi ruhande, hashize igihe kirekire virusi ya MERS-CoV iba mu ngamiya.
These camels serve as an important tool for transportation as well as a main source of meat, milk, leather and wool products for the local people.
Izo ngamiya ni inyamaswa z’ingenzi mu bwikorezi no gutanga inyama, amata, impu n’ubwoya bukorwamo imyenda ku batuye mu gace zibamo.
They are widely distributed across the Middle East and Africa.
Zakwirakwiye cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati n’Afurika.
It is therefore impossible to sacrifice all camels for the control of MERS, as what was done in wild animal markets in China to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Bityo, ntawakwigomwa ingamiya zose mu kurwanya virusi ya MERS, nk’ibyakozwe mu masoko abagirwamo inyamaswa mu Bushinwa mu kwirinda ikwirakwira rya SARS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2.
To stop the recurrent outbreaks of MERS, a comprehensive approach should be taken to develop effective vaccines against MERS-CoV for camels, in combination with other infection control measures.
Mu rwego rwo guhagarika icyorezo cya MERS kigenda kigaruka, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikomeye hamwe n’izindi ngamba zo kurwanya indwara hagakorwa urukingo rwa virusi ya MERS-CoV.
As we are not able to eliminate these viruses, new genotypes might emerge to cause outbreaks.
Mu gihe tudashoboye kurimbura izo virusi, jenotipe nshya zishobora kugaragara maze zigateza ibyorezo.
A variety of zoonotic CoVs are circulating in the wild.
CoV zitandukanye zifata inyamaswa zizenguruka mu mashyamba.
Particularly, bat CoVs with zoonotic potential are so diverse.
By’umwihariko, CoV zo mu gacurama zifite ubushobozi butandukanye.
There are plenty of opportunities that these zoonotic CoVs evolve and recombine, resulting in the emergence of new CoVs that are more transmissible and/or deadly in humans in future.
Mu minsi iri imbere, birashoboka cyane ko CoV ifata inyamaswa yahinduka, bigatuma hagaragara ubwoko bushya bwa CoV bwandura cyane cyangwa bwica abantu benshi.
The culture of eating wild animals in some places of China should be abandoned to reduce unnecessary contact between humans and animals.
Umuco wo kurya inyamaswa z’ishyamba mu bice bimwe by’Ubushinwa ugomba gucika hakirindwa kwegerana kw’abantu n’inyamaswa bitari ngombwa.
With the ordeals of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, a better preparedness and response plan should be in place.
Hakurikijwe ibibazo bikomeje guterwa na SARS, MERS na COVID-19, hakenewe gahunda isobanutse yo kurwanya izo virusi.
In fact, many viruses have existed in the planet for a very long time.
Muri make, ku isi hagiye habaho virusi nyinshi kuva kera.
They stay in their own natural reservoirs until there is a chance for spillover.
Ziguma mu nyamaswa zisanzwe zibamo kugeza zibonye amahirwe yo gusohoka.
Although bats have many features that favours the spreading of viruses, the chance for humans to be in contact with bats and other wildlife species can be minimized if people are educated to stay away from them.
Nubwo uducurama dufite imiterere myinshi ituma dukwirakwiza virusi, ibyago by’uko abantu bahura n’uducurama n’andi moko y’inyamaswa z’ishyamba bishobora kugabanywa igihe abantu bigishijwe kutabyegera.
Continuous surveillance in mammals is necessary for better understanding of the ecology of CoVs and their natural hosts, which will prove useful in preventing animal-to-human transmission and future outbreaks.
Gukomeza gukurikirana inyamabere ni ngombwa mu kurushaho gusobanukirwa ubuturo bwa CoV n’inyamaswa ikuriramo, bikaba ingirakamaro mu kwirinda ko inyamaswa zakwanduza abantu no gukumira ibyorezo by’ahazaza.
To conclude, the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is for humans to stay away from the ecological niches of the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic viruses.
Mu gusoza, uburyo bunoze bwo gukumira virusi zo mu nyamaswa ni uko abantu bakwiye kutegera ubutor bw’izo virusi n’inyamaswa zikuriramo.
Several pieces in the puzzle of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 are still missing.
Haracyari amoko menshi y’inyamaswa virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 ikomokaho ataramenyekana.
First, if bats transmit an ancestral virus of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins, it will be of interest to see under what circumstances bats and pangolins could share the same ecological niche.
Icya mbere, niba uducurama twanduza ibisamujyonjyo virusi yabyaye SARS-CoV-2, birashishikaje kureba igituma uducurama n’ibisamujyonjyo biba mu buturo bumwe.
Second, if bats play a more direct role in human transmission, how humans get into contact with bats should be determined.
Icya kabiri, niba uducurama twanduza abantu virusi mu buryo butaziguye, uko abantu bahura n’uducurama bikwiye kugaragazwa.
Third, if a third mammal acts as the true intermediate host, how it interacts with the different species including humans, bats and pangolins has to be clarified.
Icya gatatu, niba inyamabere ya gatatu ikora nk’inyamaswa ikuriramo koko, ni gute ibana n’amoko y’inyamaswa atandukanye twavuga nk’abantu, uducurama n’ibisamujyonjyo bigomba gusobanuka.
Finally, since many mammals including domestic animals might be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, both surveillance and experimental infection should be conducted.
Hanyuma, mu gihe inyamabere nyinshi harimo inyamaswa zororerwa mu rugo zishobora kwandura SARS-CoV-2, kuzikurikirana no kureba uko zandura indwara bigomba gukorwa.
Should it be a bat, a pangolin or another mammal, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 or its parental viruses that are almost identical will be identified in its natural hosts in future.
Abaye ari agacurama, igisamujyonjyo cyangwa indi nyamabere, hitezwe ko SARS-CoV-2 cyangwa virusi ziyibyara zijya gusa cyane zizagaragara mu nyamaswa zikuriramo mu gihe kiri imbere.
Continued investigations in this area will elucidate the evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in animals, with important implications in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in humans.
Ubushakashatsi bukomeje kuri izi nyamaswa buzasobanura inzira y’imihindagurikire ya SARS-CoV-2 mu nyamaswa, bikazagira uruhare runini mu kwirinda no kurwanya COVID-19 mu bantu.
Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020
Imibare y’ibanze igereranyije y’ibipimo byatoranyijwe by’abarwaye izindi ndwara mu barwaye indwara ya koronavirusi yo mu 2019; Amerika, 12 Gashyantare –28 Werurwe 2020
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic.
Tariki ya 11 Werurwe 2020, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ryatangaje ko indwara ya koronavirusi yo mu 2019 (COVID-19) ari icyorezo.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 571,678 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 26,494 deaths have been reported worldwide.
Kugeza tariki ya 28 Werurwe 2020, abantu bose 571 678 bemejwe ko banduye COVID-19 naho abantu 26 494 ni bo bapfuye ku isi.
Reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions.
Amakuru aturuka mu Bushinwa n’Ubutaliyani avuga ko abantu baremba kubera gusaza no kuba basanzwe barwaye byibuze indwara imwe ikomeye.
U.S. older adults, including those aged ≥65 years and particularly those aged ≥85 years, also appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated outcomes; however, data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Abanyamerika bashaje, harimo abafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 65 by’umwihariko abafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 85, na bo basa nk’abafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara iterwa na COVID-19; ariko, amakuru agaragaza abarwaye izindi ndwara mu barwaye COVID-19 muri Amerika ntaratangazwa.
As of March 28, 2020, U.S. states and territories have reported 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases to CDC, including 7,162 (5.8%) for whom data on underlying health conditions and other known risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections were reported.
Kugeza tariki ya 28 Werurwe 2020, leta n’intara by’Amerika byamenyesheje Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura no gukumira indwara cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (CDC) ko hari abarwayi ba COVID-19 122 653; muri bo 7 162 (5,8%) byavuzwe ko bafite izindi ndwara n’ibyago byo kurwara indwara zikomeye z’ubuhumekero.
Among these 7,162 cases, 2,692 (37.6%) patients had one or more underlying health condition or risk factor, and 4,470 (62.4%) had none of these conditions reported.
Muri abo barwayi 7 162, abarwayi 2 692 (37,6%) bari barwaye izindi ndwara cyangwa bafite ibyago byo kuzirwara, naho 4 470 (62,4%) byavuzwe ko nta bundi burwayi bari bafite.
The percentage of COVID-19 patients with at least one underlying health condition or risk factor was higher among those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission (358 of 457, 78%) and those requiring hospitalization without ICU admission (732 of 1,037, 71%) than that among those who were not hospitalized (1,388 of 5,143, 27%).
Ijanisha ry’abarwayi ba COVID-19 barwaye byibuze indi ndwara imwe cyangwa ibyago byo kuyirwara ryari hejuru mu bagiye mu bitaro bakeneye ubuvuzi bw’indembe (358 muri 457, 78%) naho abagiye mu bitaro badakeneye ubuvuzi bw’indembe (732 muri 1 037, 71%) kurusha abataragiye mu bitaro (1 388 muri 5 143, 27%).
The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease.
Izindi ndwara abarwayi bari bwaraye zakunze kuvugwa cyane harimo diyabete, indwara y’ibihaha idakira n’indwara y’umutima.
These preliminary findings suggest that in the United States, persons with underlying health conditions or other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections appear to be at a higher risk for severe disease from COVID-19 than are persons without these conditions.
Iby’ibanze byavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko muri Amerika abantu bafite izindi ndwara cyangwa bazwi ko bafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara z’ubuhumekero bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara COVID-19 kurusha abatarwaye izo ndwara.
Data from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to CDC from 50 states, four U.S. territories and affiliated islands, the District of Columbia, and New York City with February 12–March 28, 2020 onset dates were analyzed.
Hasuzumwe amakuru y’abarwayi byemejwe na laburatwari ko barwaye COVID-19 yahawe CDC yo muri leta 50, intara enye n’ibirwa bishamikiye kuri Amerika, Akarere ka Kolombiya, n’Umujyi wa New York City yo ku matariki ya 12 Gashyantare–28 Werurwe 28 2020.
Cases among persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China, and the Diamond Princess cruise ship were excluded.
Abanduye baragarutse muri Amerika bavuye muri Wuhan mu Bushinwa n’abari mu bwato bwa Diamond Princess ntibarimo.
For cases with missing onset dates, date of onset was estimated by subtracting 4 days (median interval from symptom onset to specimen collection date among cases with known dates in these data) from the earliest specimen collection.
Ku banduye bitazwi amatariki byatangiriye, itariki byatangiriyeho yaragereranyijwe hakurwaho iminsi 4 (intera y’impuzandengo y’igihe cyo gutangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso n’itariki ibipimo byafatiweho) uhereye igihe ibipimo byafatiweho bwa mbere.
Public health departments reported cases to CDC using a standardized case report form that captures information (yes, no, or unknown) on the following conditions and potential risk factors: chronic lung disease (inclusive of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and emphysema); diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; chronic renal disease; chronic liver disease; immunocompromised condition; neurologic disorder, neurodevelopmental, or intellectual disability; pregnancy; current smoking status; former smoking status; or other chronic disease.
Amashami y’ubuzima yamenyesheje CDC abarwaye hakoreshejwe ifishi isanzwe yandikwamo abanduye ikubiyemo amakuru (abarwaye, abatarwaye cyangwa ntibizwi) ku bafite uburwayi n’ibyago byo kurwara bikurikira: Indwara y’ibihaha idakira (harimo asima, indwara idakira y’ibihaha [COPD], n’ibibazo byo guhumeka); diyabete, indwara y’umutima, indwara idakira y’impyiko; indwara idakira y’umwijima; indwara y’abasirikare batabasha kurwanya indwara, indwara y’imitsi, indwara y’urwungano rw’imyakura, ubumuga bwo mu mutwe; abatwite; abanywa itabi; abavuye ku itabi; cyangwa indi ndwara idakira.
Data reported to CDC are preliminary and can be updated by health departments over time; critical data elements might be missing at the time of initial report; thus, this analysis is descriptive, and no statistical comparisons could be made.
Amakuru yahawe CDC ni ay’ibanze kandi ashobora kugenda avugururwa n’amashami y’ubuzima; hashobora kuba hari amakuru y’ingenzi atarimo mu gutanga raporo ya mbere; bityo, iri sesengura rirasobanura gusa, nta kugereranya imibare bishobora gukorwa.
The percentages of patients of all ages with underlying health conditions who were not hospitalized, hospitalized without ICU admission, and hospitalized with ICU admission were calculated.
Habazwe ijanisha ry’abarwayi b’imyaka bose bafite izindi ndwara batajyanwe mu bitaro, abajyanwe mu bitaro ariko ntibashyirwe mu ndembe, n’abajyanwe mu bitaro bagashyirwa mu ndembe.
Percentages of hospitalizations with and without ICU admission were estimated for persons aged ≥19 years with and without underlying health conditions.
Ijanisha ry’abajyanwe mu bitaro ariko ntibashyirwe cyangwa bagashyirwa mu ndembe byaragereranyijwe ku bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 19 bafite cyangwa badafite izindi ndwara.
This part of the analysis was limited to persons aged ≥19 years because of the small sample size of cases in children with reported underlying health conditions (N = 32).
Iki gice cy’isesengura cyagarukiye gusa ku bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 19 kubera ko hari abana bake byavuzwe ko bafite izindi ndwara (Umubare = 32).
To account for missing data among these preliminary reports, ranges were estimated with a lower bound including cases with both known and unknown status for hospitalization with and without ICU admission as the denominator and an upper bound using only cases with known outcome status as the denominator.
Mu kuzirikana amakuru abura muri izo raporo z’ibanze, hagereranyijwe ibyiciro hakoreshejwe imibare yo hasi harimo abarwayi bizwi cyangwa bitazwi ko bagiye mu bitaro bagashyirwa cyangwa ntibashyirwe mu ndembe nk’icyita rusange ndetse n’umubare wo hejuru hakoreshejwe abarwaye gusa bizwi uko bahagaze nk’icyita rusange.
Because of small sample size and missing data on underlying health conditions among COVID-19 patients who died, case-fatality rates for persons with and without underlying conditions were not estimated.
Kubera ingano nto y’ibipimo n’amakuru adahari ku barwaye izindi ndwara banarwaye COVID-19 ikabahitana, ibipimo by’abahitanwa n’indwara bafite cyangwa badafite izindi barwaye ntibyabazwe.
As of March 28, 2020, a total of 122,653 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases (Figure) and 2,112 deaths were reported to CDC.
Kugeza tariki ya 28 Werurwe 2020, igiteranyo cy’abantu 122 653 bemejwe na laburatwari ko barwaye COVID-19 (Igishushanyo) n’abapfuye 2 112 byamenyeshejwe CDC.
Case report forms were submitted to CDC for 74,439 (60.7%) cases.
Amafishi atangazwamo abarwaye yahawe CDC arimo abarwayi 74 439 (60,7%).
Data on presence or absence of underlying health conditions and other recognized risk factors for severe outcomes from respiratory infections (i.e., smoking and pregnancy) were available for 7,162 (5.8%) patients (Table 1).
Amakuru ku kuba hari cyangwa hatari izindi ndwara n’abafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’ubuhumekero zikomeye (ni ukuvuga kunywa itabi no gutwita) byagaragaye mu barwayi 7 162 (5,8%) (Imbonerahamwe ya 1).
Approximately one third of these patients (2,692, 37.6%), had at least one underlying condition or risk factor.
Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’abo barwayi (2 692, 37,6%), byibuze bari barwaye indi ndwara cyangwa bafite ibyago byo kurwara.
Diabetes mellitus (784, 10.9%), chronic lung disease (656, 9.2%), and cardiovascular disease (647, 9.0%) were the most frequently reported conditions among all cases.
Diyabete (784, 10,9%), indwara idakira y’ibihaha (656, 9,2%), n’indwara y’umutima (647, 9,0%) ni zo zavuzwe cyane muri abo barwayi bose.
Among 457 ICU admissions and 1,037 non-ICU hospitalizations, 358 (78%) and 732 (71%), respectively occurred among persons with one or more reported underlying health condition.
Mu barwayi 457 bashyizwe mu ndembe naho 1 037 bajyanwe mu bitaro ariko ntibashyirwe mu ndembe, 358 (78%) naho 732 (71%), byanabaye mu bantu bafite indi ndwara imwe cyangwa irenze yatangajwe.
In contrast, 1,388 of 5,143 (27%) COVID-19 patients who were not hospitalized were reported to have at least one underlying health condition.
Ku bitandukanye, 1 388 muri 5 143 (27%) by’abarwayi ba COVID-19 batajyanwe mu bitaro byavuzwe ko byibuze bafite indi ndwara imwe.
Among patients aged ≥19 years, the percentage of non-ICU hospitalizations was higher among those with underlying health conditions (27.3%–29.8%) than among those without underlying health conditions (7.2%–7.8%); the percentage of cases that resulted in an ICU admission was also higher for those with underlying health conditions (13.3%–14.5%) than those without these conditions (2.2%–2.4%) (Table 2).
Mu barwayi bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 19, ijanisha ry’abarwayi bajyanwe mu bitaro ariko batagiye mu ndembe ryari hejuru ku bafite izindi ndwara (27,3%–29,8%) kurusha abadafite izindi ndwara (7,2%–7,8%); ijanisha ry’abarwaye bashyizwe mu ndembe na ryo ryari hejuru ku bafite izindi ndwara (13,3%–14,5%) kurusha abadafite izindi ndwara (2,2%–2,4%) (Imbonerahamwe ya 2).
Small numbers of COVID-19 patients aged &lt; 19 years were reported to be hospitalized (48) or admitted to an ICU (eight).
Umubare muto w’abarwayi ba COVID-19 batagejeje ku myaka 19 byavuzwe ko bashyizwe mu bitaro (48) cyangwa bagashyirwa mu ndembe (umunani).
In contrast, 335 patients aged &lt; 19 years were not hospitalized and 1,342 had missing data on hospitalization.
Bikaba bitandukanye n’abarwayi 335 batagejeje ku myaka 19 batajyanwe mu bitaro naho 1 342 ntibari bafite amakuru ku kujyanwa mu bitaro.
Among all COVID-19 patients with complete information on underlying conditions or risk factors, 184 deaths occurred (all among patients aged ≥19 years); 173 deaths (94%) were reported among patients with at least one underlying condition.
Mu barwayi bose ba COVID-19 bafite amakuru yuzuye yerekeye izindi ndwara barwaye cyangwa ibyago byo kurwara, muri bo 184 barapfuye (muri abo barwayi bose bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 19); naho abapfuye 173 (94%) byavuzwe ko muri bo bari bafite byibuze indi ndwara imwe.
Among 122,653 U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC as of March 28, 2020, 7,162 (5.8%) patients had data available pertaining to underlying health conditions or potential risk factors; among these patients, higher percentages of patients with underlying conditions were admitted to the hospital and to an ICU than patients without reported underlying conditions.
Mu barwayi 122 653 bo muri Amerika barwaye COVID-19 bamenyeshejwe CDC kugeza tariki ya 28 Werurwe 2020, abarwayi 7 162 (5,8%) bafite amakuru ajyanye n’uko bafite izindi ndwara cyangwa ibyago byo kuba bashobora kurwara; muri abo barwayi, ijanisha ryo hejuru ry’abarwayi bafite izindi ndwara bajyanwe mu bitaro banashyirwa mu ndembe kurusha abarwayi badafite izindi ndwara.
These results are consistent with findings from China and Italy, which suggest that patients with underlying health conditions and risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal disease, and smoking, might be at higher risk for severe disease or death from COVID-19.
Ibyo bisubizo bijyanye neza n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Bushinwa n’Ubutaliyani buvuga ko abarwayi bafite izindi ndwara cyangwa ibyago byo kurwara harimo, ariko bitagarukiye gusa ku barwaye diyabete, umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso, COPD, indwara y’imijyana y’umutima, indwara y’impyiko idakira, no kunywa itabi, bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa cyangwa kwica na COVID-19.
This analysis was limited by small numbers and missing data because of the burden placed on reporting health departments with rapidly rising case counts, and these findings might change as additional data become available.
Iri sesengura ryibanze gusa ku mibare mito n’amakuru adahari kubera amashami y’ubuzima afite ibibazo bijyanye n’umubare munini w’abarwayi wiyongera vuba, ibi byagaragaye bishobora guhinduka uko andi makuru agenda aboneka.
It is not yet known whether the severity or level of control of underlying health conditions affects the risk for severe disease associated with COVID-19.
Ntibyari byamenyekana neza niba ubukana cyangwa kuvura izindi ndwara bituma habaho ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara iterwa na COVID-19.
Many of these underlying health conditions are common in the United States: based on self-reported 2018 data, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among U.S. adults was 10.1%, and the U.S. age-adjusted prevalence of all types of heart disease (excluding hypertension without other heart disease) was 10.6% in 2017.
Inyinshi muri izo ndwara zindi zisanzwe muri Amerika: hashingiwe ku makuru y’abivugiye ko barwaye izindi ndwara yo mu 2018, imibare y’abapimwe diyabete mu banyamerika bakuze yari 10,1%, naho iby’Abanyamerika bapimwe indwara y’umutima bafite imyaka igereranyije (hatarimo abafite umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso n’izindi ndwara z’umutima) bari 10,6% mu 2017.
The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among U.S. adults is 5.9%, and in 2018, the U.S. estimated prevalence of current asthma among persons of all ages was 7.9%.
Ibipimo by’abafite imyaka igereranyije barwaye COPD mu banyamerika bakuze ni 5,9%, naho mu 2018, Amerika yagaragaje ko imibare y’ibipimo by’abarwaye asima mu bantu b’imyaka yose yari 7,9%.
CDC continues to develop and update resources for persons with underlying health conditions to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19.
CDC ikomeza kandi no gutegura inyandiko zigenewe abantu bafite izindi ndwara kugira ngo hagabanywe ibyago byo kwandura COVID-19.
The estimated higher prevalence of these conditions among those in this early group of U.S. COVID-19 patients and the potentially higher risk for more severe disease from COVID-19 associated with the presence of underlying conditions highlight the importance of COVID-19 prevention in persons with underlying conditions.
Imibare y’ibipimo byo hejuru y’itsinda ry’abarwayi bo muri Amerika barwaye COVID-19 banafite ibyago byo hejuru byo kuzahazwa n’indwara iterwa na COVID-19 bitewe ni uko bafite izindi ndwara bigaragaza akamaro ko kurinda COVID-19 abarwaye izindi ndwara.
The findings in this report are subject to at least six limitations.
Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi biri muri iyi raporo byibuze byibanda ku ngingo esheshatu.
First, these data are preliminary, and the analysis was limited by missing data related to the health department reporting burden associated with rapidly rising case counts and delays in completion of information requiring medical chart review; these findings might change as additional data become available.
Icya mbere, ayo makuru ni ay’ibanze, kandi isesengura ntirisesuye bitewe n’amakuru abura ajyanye n’ibivugwa n’ishami ry’ubuzima ryo kugira ibibazo by’umubare munini w’abarwayi wiyongera vuba no gutinda kuzuza amakuru asabwa gusuzumwa mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, ibyo byavuye mu bushakashatsi bishobora guhinduka igihe habonetse andi makuru.
Information on underlying conditions was only available for 7,162 (5.8%) of 122,653 cases reported to CDC.
Amakuru ku zindi ndwara aboneka gusa ku barwayi 7 162 (5,8%) muri 122 653 bamenyeshejwe CDC.
It cannot be assumed that those with missing information are similar to those with data on either hospitalizations or underlying health conditions.
Ntibyafatwa ko abo barwayi badafitiwe amakuru bafite ibibazo bimwe nk’iby’abarwayi bajyanwe mu bitaro cyangwa bafite izindi ndwara.
Second, these data are subject to bias in outcome ascertainment because of short follow-up time.
Icya kabiri, ayo makuru ashobora kuba arimo amakosa mu kumenya neza ibiyakubiyemo kubera igihe gito cyo kuyakurikirana.
Some outcomes might be underestimated, and long-term outcomes cannot be assessed in this analysis.
Bimwe mu byavuyemo bishobora kudahabwa agaciro ku buryo ibisubizo by’igihe kirekire bitasuzumwa muri iri risesengura.
Third, because of the limited availability of testing in many jurisdictions during this period, this analysis is likely biased toward more severe cases, and findings might change as testing becomes more widespread.
Icya gatatu, kubera ko ibikorwa byo gupima bidahagije mu bice byinshi muri iki gihe, iri sesengura rishobora kuba ririmo amakosa mu gutangaza abarembye cyane, kandi ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishobora guhinduka kuko ibikorwa byo gupima biri kugenda bigera mu duce twinshi.
Fourth, because of the descriptive nature of these data, attack rates among persons with and without underlying health conditions could not be compared, and thus the risk difference of severe disease with COVID-19 between these groups could not be estimated.
Icya kane, kubera imiterere y’ibisobanuro by’aya makuru, ibipimo by’uko indwara zibasira abantu bafite n’abadafite izindi ndwara ntibyagereranywa, mukumenya itandukaniro ry’ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara ya COVID-19 muri ayo matsinda ntibishobora kubarwa.
Fifth, no conclusions could be drawn about underlying conditions that were not included in the case report form or about different conditions that were reported in a single, umbrella category.
Icya gatanu, nta mwanzuro ushobora gufatwa ku byerekeye izindi ndwara zitashyizwe muri raporo y’abanduye cyangwa ubundi burwayi butavuzwe ku murwayi umwe cyangwa icyiciro cy’abarwayi.
For example, asthma and COPD were included in a chronic lung disease category.
Urugero: Asima na COPD byashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’indwara y’ibihaha idakira.
Finally, for some underlying health conditions and risk factors, including neurologic disorders, chronic liver disease, being a current smoker, and pregnancy, few severe outcomes were reported; therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about the risk for severe COVID-19 among persons in these groups.
Hanyuma, ku zindi ndwara n’ibyago byo kwandura indwara harimo indwara z’imitsi, indwara y’umwijima idakira, kuba unywa itabi no kuba utwite harimo bake barembye; bityo, nta mwanzuro wafatwa ko abantu bari muri ayo matsinda bafite ibyago byo kurembywa na COVID-19.
Persons in the United States with underlying health conditions appear to be at higher risk for more severe COVID-19, consistent with findings from other countries.
Abo muri Amerika bafite izindi ndwara basa nk’aho bafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa cyane na COVID-19, bikaba bihuye neza n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe mu bindi bihugu.
Persons with underlying health conditions who have symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, or shortness of breath, should immediately contact their health care provider.
Abantu bafite izindi ndwara banafite ibimenyetso bya COVID-19, harimo kugira umuriro, inkorora, cyangwa guhumeka nabi, bagomba guhita babimenyesha ubaha serivisi z’ubuvuzi.
These persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19, through washing their hands; cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces; and social distancing, including staying at home, avoiding crowds, gatherings, and travel, and avoiding contact with persons who are ill.
Abo bantu bagomba gufata ingamba zo kwirinda COVID-19, bakaraba intoki, basukura bakanica udukoko turi ahantu hakunda gukorwaho, kwirinda kwegerana, harimo kuguma mu rugo, kwirinda ahari abantu benshi, amateraniro, ingendo no kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye.
Maintaining at least a 30-day supply of medication, a 2-week supply of food and other necessities, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms are recommended for those with underlying health conditions.
Kugira imiti yakumaza iminsi 30, ibiribwa byakumaza ibyumweru 2 n’ibindi bikoresho bya ngombwa, no kumenya ibimenyetso bya COVID-19 ni ngombwa kuri abo bafite izindi ndwara.
All persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19 and to protect others.
Abantu bose bagomba gufata ingamba zo kwirinda COVID-19 no kurinda abandi.
All persons who are ill should stay home, except to get medical care; should not go to work; and should stay away from others.
Abantu bose barwaye bagomba kuguma mu rugo, keretse abagiye kwivuza, ntibagomba kujya ku kazi, kandi bagomba kutegera abandi.
This is especially important for those who work with persons with underlying conditions or who otherwise are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
By’umwihariko, ni ngombwa ku bantu bakorana n’abarwaye izindi ndwara cyangwa bafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa na COVID-19.
Community mitigation strategies, which aim to slow the spread of COVID-19, are important to protect all persons from COVID-19, especially persons with underlying health conditions and other persons at risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
Ingamba zo kugabanya ubwandu mu baturage, zigamije kugabanya ikwirakwira rya COVID-19, ni ngombwa ko zirinda abantu bose indwara ya COVID-19, by’umwihariko abantu bafite izindi ndwara n’abafite ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara iterwa na COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
What is already known about this topic?
Ni iki gisanzwe kizwi kuri iki kibazo?
Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Raporo zatangajwe ziturutse mu Bushinwa n’Ubutaliyani zivuga ko ibyago byo kuzahazwa n’indwara ya COVID-19 harimo kuba ufite izindi ndwara, ariko amakuru asobanura izindi ndwara mu barwaye COVID-19 muri Amerika ntaratangazwa.
What is added by this report?
Ni iki kindi izi raporo zivuga?
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
Hashingiwe ku makuru y’ibanze yo muri Amerika, abantu bafite izindi ndwara nka diyabete, indwara y’ibihaha idakira, n’indwara y’umutima ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuzahazwa n’indwara iterwa na COVID-19 kurusha abadafite izo ndwara.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Bifite izihe ngaruka ku bikorwa by’inzego z’ubuzima?
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
Ingamba zo kurinda abantu bose by’umwihariko abafite izindi ndwara, harimo kwirinda kutegerena no koga intoki, bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’inzego zose n’abantu bose kugira ngo bifashe mu kugabanya ikwirakwira rya COVID-19.
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
Kugaragara k’ubwoko bushya bwa koronavirusi (COVID-19): Porotokore yo kwagura ubugenzuzi bwakoreshejwe n’Ikigo cya Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Center na Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Bwongereza
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
Ikigo cya Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) na Ministeri y’ubuzima mu Bwongereza (PHE) byakoranye neza mu kugenzura ibicurane n’izindi ndwara zandura mu myaka irenga 50 ishize, harimo ibyorezo bitatu biheruka.
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
Kugaragara kw’icyorezo mpuzamahanga cy’indwara ya koronavirusi (COVID-19), Ubwongereza bwashyizeho amabwiriza yo gupima abantu bikekwa ko hari aho bahuriye na COVID-19.
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Mu gihe kimwe ariko mu bikorwa bitandukanye, ubugenzuzi bw’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC bwaraguwe kugira ngo bukurikirane aho indwara ya COVID-19 mu duce igumamo by’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire ndetse no gusuzuma imikorere y’ingamba zo kurwanya icyorezo.
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije kugenzura COVID-19 mu bantu batagaragaza ibimenyetso n’abarwaye bakunda gukora ingendo bafite indwara z’ubuhumekero, hakemezwa ibipimo n’ishusho y’ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 no gusuzuma imikorere y’amabwiriza yo kurwanya icyorezo.
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC, ihuriro ry’abaganga barenga 500 bo mu Bwongereza, buri cyumweru babona amakuru aho abayatanze batagaragazwa.
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
Ubu bugenzuzi bwagutse bugizwe n’ibice bitanu: (1) Kubika amakuru y’ubuvuzi y’umuntu wese bikekwa ko arwaye cyangwa afite aho yahuriye na COVID-19.
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
Abatanga amakuru y’ubuvuzi hakoreshejwe mudasobwa mu cyumweru kimwe bashyizeho kode nshya zitanga ubufasha.
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) Kwagura ubugenzuzi bwa virusi buri gukorwa no gusuzuma abantu bafite uburwayi bumeze nk’ibicurane cyangwa indwara zibasira inzira z’ubuhumekero (LRTI), harimo kuba abantu bikekwa ko barwaye cyangwa bafite aho bahuriye na COVID-19 boherezwa mu bigo by’igihugu byabugenewe ntiboherezwe mu bigo nderabuzima.
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) Gufata ibipimo by’amaraso ku bantu by’imyaka yose.
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
Hafatwa ibindi bizamini by’amaraso by’abantu bajya kwa muganga usanzwe ubavura akabafata amaraso hakurikijwe gahunda.
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
Kuri ubu, abaganga 100 bakora mu by’ubugenzuzi bwa virusi y’ibicurane buri mwaka bari mu bugenzuzi bwagutse bwo gukurikirana virusi n’ibizamini by’amaraso.
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) Gufata ibipimo by’amaraso y’abarwayi bari koroherwa.
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
Dufite amahirwe yo gutanga amakuru y’ibipimo byafashwe kabiri buri cyumweru niba ari ngombwa.
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
Ibipimo byo mu mazuru, mu kanwa n’amaraso bisuzumwa na laburatwari z’ibanze za PHE.
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
Serivisi z’abanga zashyizweho kode nshya z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa mu gufasha kugenzura COVID-19.
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
Kandi, abaganga bari gukora mu byo kugenzura virusi ubu bari gufata ibipimo byifashishwa mu kugenzura COVID-19 babikuye ku barwayi bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara LRTI.
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
Mu byumweru 2 bya mbere iyi gahunda y’ubugenzuzi imaze gushyirwaho, hatahuwe abarwayi 3: 1 yatahuwe na sisitemu nshya yo kohereza kode naho abandi 2 baturuka mu gufata ibipimo bya virusi ku buryo bwagutse .
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
Twahinduye mu buryo bwihuse ingamba zisanzwe zo gukurikirana indwara z’ibicurane bw’Ikigo cy’igihugu cya RCGP RSC mo ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya icyorezo cya COVID-19.
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
Ubugenzuzi bwagutse bwamaze gukoresha kode nshya aho byatumye hatahurwa abarwayi 3.
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
Gusangira vuba iyi porotokore bigomba gutuma habaho isesengura rya siyansi no gusangira ubumenyi.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
Ikigo cya Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) ni itsinda ry’abaganga (GP) bakorera mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu batanga amakuru mu ibanga mu bugenzuzi bw’indwara zandura bukorwa buri cyumweru.
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
Porogaramu y’ubugenzuzi bw’indwara iyoborwa na Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Bwongereza (PHE) ikaba ikurikirana indwara 37 zandura harimo n’ibicurane.
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC na PHE bifitanye ubufatanye bumaze imyaka 50 mu kugenzura ibicurane n’indwara z’ubuhumekero none ubu ubwo bufatanye bugeze ku mwaka wa 53.
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gikura amakuru mu ibanga mu bipimo byafashwe mu gihugu birenga 500 byafashwe n’abaganga bakorera mu mijyi no mu byaro buri cyumweru by’abaturage barenga 4 million.
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
Amakuru y’ibyo bipimo atangirwa kuri interineti buri cyumweru, harimo gukurikirana buri cyumweru ibipimo by’indwara zimeze nk’ibicurane (ILI) n’izindi ndwara zandura n’iz’ubuhumekero mu Bwongereza.
We also produce an annual report.
Tunakora raporo ngarukamwaka.
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
Itsinda ry’amakuru y’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC anarimo amakuru asobetse n’imiti yose yandikiwe abarwayi harimo n’abatewe inkingo.
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gikora ubugenzuzi bwa virusi kuri buri bicurane, aho abaganga 100 bitabiriye icyiciro cya 2019-2020 (Igishushanyo cya 1).
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
Abo bafata ibipimo bya virusi batoranywa ku rwego rw’igihugu (Igishushanyo cya 1).
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
Abaganga bafata ibipimo byo mu mazuru babikuye mu bantu bafite indwara z’ibicurane by’igikatu iminsi 7 batangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
Ibipimo byo mu mazuru bifatwa abana batagejeje imyaka 5 baragaraza ibimenyetso by’anjine y’igikatu cyangwa anjine.
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
Kandi, ibipimo byo mu mazuru bifatwa abantu bafite imyaka 5 cyangwa bayirengeje bagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye by’indwara z’ubuhumekero ziterwa na virusi.
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
Ibyo bipimo byo mu mazuru bipimirwa mu Ishami rirwanya virusi zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero n’ibicurane rya PHE kugira ngo hakurikiranwe neza ibipimo na virusi ziri kwanduza abantu no gupima ko urukingo rukora neza.
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC cyakoze neza igerageza ry’ibanze ryo gufata ibipimo by’amaraso bikuwe mu bantu bakuru no kubihuza n’amakuru y’abarwayi mu gihe cy’icyorezo cy’ibicurane cyo mu 2018-2019.
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
Igerageza ry’ibanze ryakozwe mu bufatanye n’Ishami rirwanya ibyorezo rya PHE ryiyongera ku bipimo by’amaraso byasigaye mu byoherejwe kuri PHE na laburatwari z’Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima mu Bwongereza (NHS).
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
Gupima ubwandu bishobora gutanga amakuru y’ingenzi yerekeye ubudahangarwa abantu bafite noneho ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya ubwandu bigatanga uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru no guhuza amakuru y’ubuvuzi n’ay’ubuzima.