atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Flights may get canceled with little notice, either due to the disease's spread and ever-changing entry restrictions, or simply because fewer people are flying and airlines are having trouble filling seats.
Ingendo z’indege zishobora guhagarikwa hatanzwe integuza mu gihe kigufi, byaba bitewe n’ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo n’amategeko ahindagurika iteka arebana no gukumira abinjira, cyangwa bitewe gusa n’uko ari abantu bake bakora ingendo z’indenge maze amasosiyete y’indege akaba ahura n’ibibazo byo kuzuza imyanya yose.
You might also be delayed for hours upon arrival waiting for temperature checks and related procedures and paperwork, or even get quarantined for two weeks.
Ushobora kandi gukererezwa ugeze ku kibuga utegereje ko bagufata ibipimo by’umuriro uhinda n’ibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano kimwe n’ibyangombwa, cyangwa ndetse ukaba washyirwa mu kato k’ibyumweru bibiri.
Be prepared for the possibility of disruption to your travel plans, especially if traveling internationally.
Ube witeguye ko gahunda y’urugendo rwawe yarogowa, cyane iyo ari urugendo ruva mu gihugu rujya mu kindi.
Even if you're nowhere near affected areas there's a risk that you'll have to stay at the destination longer than planned if you've shared a building or vessel with an infected person.
Ndetse n’iyo ahantu waba uri haba hategeranye na buhoro n’uturere twibasiwe n’iyo ndwara hari ibyago ko ushobora kuzategereza igihe kirekire aho ugiye kirenze icyo wari warateganyije mu gihe waba waragiye mu nzu imwe cyangwa mu bwato bumwe n’umuntu wanduye.
For example, in late February an Italian doctor on vacation in Costa Adeje (Canary Islands) was diagnosed with COVID-19, and as a result all the guests in the hotel he stayed at were quarantined.
Nk’urugero, mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare umuganga w’umutaliyani wari mu biruhuko Costa Adeje (mu Birwa bya Canary) yarapimwe basanga yaranduye COVID-19, kandi icyo byatanze ni uko abacumbitsi bo muri iyo hoteli bose yarimwo bashyizwe mu kato.
Lockdowns and other internal restrictions
Kuguma mu rugo n’ubundi buryo bwo gukumira abantu mu gihugu
Some countries and regions, especially severely affected ones, are implementing emergency lockdowns and restrictions on people's movements and activities, even for those who haven't recently been abroad.
Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe n’uturere tumwe na tumwe, cyane ibyibasiwe ku buryo bukomeye, barimo barashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zihutirwa zo kugumisha abantu mu rugo no gukumira ingendo n’ibikorwa by’abaturage, ndetse n’abadaheruka mu mahanga.
These include the temporary reintroduction of some border controls, restrictions on travel within the country, closing or limiting service at restaurants and other establishments, banning large public events, and in the most severe cases prohibiting people from leaving the house except for essential reasons.
Muri izi ngamba harimo kongera gushyiraho uburyo bw’igihe gito bwo kugenzura imipaka, gushyiraho amategeko akumira ingendo mu gihugu, gufunga cyangwa kugabanya serivisi mu maresitora no mu bindi bigo, kubuza amakoraniro y’abantu benshi, n’aho byakajijwe kurusha ahandi ni ukubuza abantu gusohoka mu mazu keretse ku mpamvu zikenewe cyane.
Beyond government restrictions, individual establishments are shutting their doors and cancelling events to try to reduce the spread of the virus.
Hejuru y’amategeko akumira yashyizweho na Leta, ibigo by’abantu ku giti cyabo birimo birafunga imiryango kandi bigahagarika ibikorwa kugira ngo bigerageze kugabanya ikwirakwira rya virusi.
In China, there are extensive restrictions on transportation and activity, which vary widely by province, city, and even by district or village.
Mu Bushinwa, bashyizeho amategeko yo gukumira mu buryo bwagutse agera no mu birebana no gutwara abantu n’ibintu no ku bikorwa, anyuranye cyane muri buri ntara, muri buri mugi, ndetse no muri buri karere cyangwa muri buri musozi.
Many governments recommend against traveling to China at this time.
Leta nyinshi zigira abantu inama yo kutajya mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe.
If you have no choice, do your research and get up-to-date information about the local situation wherever you are going.
Iyo nta yandi mahitamo ufite, kora ubushakashatsi bwawe maze usome amakuru mashya yerekeranye n’uko ibintu byifashe ahantu hose ugiye kujya.
People who have traveled to Hubei face particularly severe restrictions.
Abantu bakoze urugendo i Hubei bashyiriweho amategeko abakumira akakaye ku buryo bwihariye.
Examples of restrictions that you may encounter in some parts of China (this is not an exhaustive list):
Ingero z’amategeko akumira ushobora guhura nayo mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’Ubushinwa (uru rutonde ntirwuzuye):
14-day quarantine, self-quarantine, or COVID-19 test upon arrival from other parts of China or from other countries, at your expense
Iminsi 14 y’akato, kwishyira mu kato, cyangwa gupimwa COVID-19 ukihagera uvuye mu bindi bice by’Ubushinwa cyangwa uvuye mubindi bihugu, ukiyishyurira
questions about your travel and medical history (lying can get you years in prison)
ibibazo birebana n’urugendo rwawe n’indwara warwaye (kubeshya bishobora gutuma uhabwa igihano k’igifungo ukamaramo imyaka)
mandatory registration using an online or paper form
gutegekwa kwibaruza ukoresheje enterinete cyangwa ifishi y’urupapuro
requirement to wear a face mask in public
gusabwa kwambara agapfukamunwa igihe uri ahantu abantu benshi bahurira
people who have been outside of China within 14 days not allowed into public places like malls
abantu basohotse mu Bushinwa mu minsi 14 ntibemerewe kujya ahantu abantu benshi bahurira nko mu masoko
shops only accept mobile payments, not cash
amaduka yemera gusa kwishyurwa hifashishijwe telefoni, nta kashi
restaurants, transportation and other establishments refusing service to non-Chinese citizens
amaresitora, abatwara abantu n’ibintu n’ibindi bigo ntibyemera guha serivisi abatari abenegihugu b’Ubushinwa
many forms of transportation reduced or shut down
uburyo bwinshi bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu bwaragabanyijwe cyangwa burafungwa
mandatory real-name registration for public transit cards
ni itegeko kwandikisha izina ryawe nyaryo ku makarita akoreshwa mu kwishyura ingendo
access in and out of a town, village, or city completely blocked
kwinjira no gusohoka mu mugi muto, mu rusisiro, cyangwa mu mugi munini biradanangiwe
non-resident visitors prohibited from entering apartment complexes
abashyitsi badatuye babujijwe kwinjira mu nyubako zirimo amazu menshi
only allowed to go outside once every two days to get supplies
abantu bemerewe gusa kujya hanze rimwe mu minsi ibiri kugira ngo bahahe ibyo kurya
businesses, activities, and attractions closed
ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, imirimo, n’ahantu nyaburanga birafunze
businesses need local government permission to re-open
ibikorwa by’ubufuruzi bigomba gusaba uruhushya ubuyobozi bw’ibanze kugira ngo byongere bifungure
restaurants (if they are even open) require a minimum distance between customers
amaresitora (niyo yaba afunguye) agomba gusiga intera ihagije hagati y’abakiriya
selling substandard face masks has a maximum sentence of life imprisonment
gucuruza udupfukamunwa tutujuje ibyangombwa igihano kinini bihanishwa ni igifungo cya burundu
As of mid-March 2020, Europe is the epicenter of the epidemic, and many European countries have closed their borders to international travel - only border commuters and freight are allowed to cross.
Guhera hagati mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2020, Uburayi ni izingiro ry’icyo cyorezo, none ibihugu byinshi by’Uburayi byafuze imipaka yabyo ku bakora urugendo baturutse mu bindi bihugu - hemerewe gusa abacuruzi bo mu turere duhana imipaka n’abatwara imizigo
Also businesses other than food stores and pharmacies are closed, and public transport has been reduced or stopped.
Kandi ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi butari ubw’ibiribwa na za farumasi burafunze, no gutwara abagenzi byaragabanyijwe cyangwa byarahagaritswe.
In the worst affected countries including Italy, Spain and France, lockdowns like in China in January, have been implemented.
Mu bihugu byibasiwe ku buryo bukabije n’iyo ndwara harimo Ubutariyani, Esipanye n’Ubufaransa, ingamba zo kuguma mu rugo zisa n’izo mu Bushinwa muri Mutarama, zashyizwe mu bikorwa.
As well the EU has closed its outer borders.
N’ibihugu by’Uburayi Bwunze Ubumwe EU byafunze imipaka yabyo isohoka.
COVID-19 is prevalent also in North America.
COVID-19 yiganje kandi muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru.
The borders between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico are closed to non-essential travel, and in many areas bans on big gatherings are in effect (this means places like restaurants are closed, and events are canceled).
Imipaka hagati ya Canada, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, na Megizike irafunze ku ngendo zidakenewe cyane, kandi mu turere twinshi amategeko abuza abantu benshi gukoranira hamwe arubahirizwa (ibi bisobanura ko amazu nk’amaresitora afunze, kandi n’ibirori byagombaga kuba byahagaritswe).
Numerous state, county, and municipal jurisdictions have issued stay-at-home orders that require all nonessential businesses to close.
Ubuyobozi muri Leta nyinshi, mu ntara, no mu makomini bwatanze amategeko yo kuguma mu rugo asaba ko ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bidakenewe cyane bifunga.
With lots of flights canceled, warnings issued, and restrictions imposed, flying in the time of coronavirus can be a challenge.
Hamwe n’ingendo z’indege nyinshi zarahagaritswe, amatangazo aburira abantu yarasohowe, n’amategeko akumira abantu ashyirwaho, gukora urugendo mu ndege mu gihe cya coronavirus bishobora kuba ingorabahizi.
Some routes are not possible.
Inzira zimwe na zimwe ntizishoboka.
Others will require more inconvenient connections than usual—multiple stops and long waits between flights.
Abandi biyambaza inzira zibagora kurusha uko bisanzwe—guhagararara ahantu henshi no gutegereza igihe kirekire hagati y’indege n’indi.
In some cases that means more expensive tickets.
Hamwe na hamwe ibi bisobanura tike zihenze cyane.
On the other hand, the good news is that many flights are cheaper than usual due to decreased demand, and there's a decent chance you'll get an empty seat next to you.
Ku rundi ruhande, inkuru nziza ni uko ingendo nyinshi z’indege zihendutse kuruta uko bisanzwe bitewe n’bagenzi bagabanutse, kandi hari amahirwe meza ko umwanya uba ukwegereye nta muntu uzaba uwicayemo.
Build in extra time for your connections, especially if transferring from an international flight to a domestic flight and especially if your itinerary involves a country that's seriously affected.
Renzaho ku gihe ku cyo wateganyaga uzamara aho unyura, cyane iyo ugomba guhinduranya indege uva mu ndege ikora ingendo hagati y’ibihugu ujya mu ndege ikora ingendo hagati mu gihugu cyane iyo inzira wanyuzemo harimo igihugu kibasiwe n’iyo ndwara ku buryo bukabije.
Screenings, temperature checks, extra paperwork, and the associated waiting around can add minutes or hours before you're allowed to continue on your journey.
Gusuzuma, gupima umuriro, ibyangombwa by’inyongera, n’igihe cyo gutegura gishamikiyeho bishobora gutuma iminota cyangwa amasaha byiyongera mbere y’uko wemererwa gukomeza urugendo rwawe.
You may find it harder than usual to buy a ticket to or from a destination subject to warnings and restrictions.
Ushobora kubona ko kugura tike bikomeye kurusha uko bisanzwe ugana iyo ujya cyangwa utaha bitewe n’amabwiriza aburira abantu cyangwa abakumira.
This is a real concern if you're trying to get out of an affected area.
Ibi biteye impungenge nyazo niba urimo ugerageza gusohoka mu karere kibasiwe n’iyo ndwara.
For instance, most aggregators are not selling tickets from China to the United States (presumably to avoid falling afoul of restrictions and being on the hook for a passenger's flight out).
Urugero, abenshi mu bemerewe gucuruza amatike ntibacuruza amatike ku mugenzi uva mu Bushinwa yerekeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (nta gushidikanya ni ukugira ngo birinde kugongwa n’amategeko akumira maze bagashoberwa mu gihe hagize indege ihagarikwa kugenda kandi umugenzi yaguze itike).
To buy a ticket for an itinerary like this, you may have to contact the airline or use a lesser-known aggregator.
Kugura tike ugana mu kerekezo nk’iki, ugomba kubanza kuvugana na sosiyete y’indege cyangwa ukifashisha umucuruzi wemerewe gucuruza amatike utazwi cyane.
Another possibility is to buy two separate tickets (for instance, a ticket from China to Cambodia and a second ticket from Cambodia to the U.S.), but be careful you won't get quarantined or lose your luggage in between.
Ubundi buryo bushoboka ni ukugura amatike atandukanye (urugero, itike yo kuva mu Bushinwa kugera muri Kamboji n’itike ya kabiri kuva muri Kamboji kugera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika), ariko witonde ku buryo udashyirwa mu kato cyangwa ngo imizigo yawe ibure hagati y’izo ngendo.
Connecting flights can be a problem.
Guhinduranya indege bishobora kuba ikibazo.
The risk of getting stuck in the connection city is higher than usual right now, due to delays for screening and testing as well as extensive cancellations.
Ibyago byo kuba ubu wahagama mu mugi uhinduriramo indege biriyongera kurusha uko byari bisanzwe, kubera gutegereza gusuzumwa no kwipimisha no guhagarikwa kw’ingendo mu buryo bwagutse.
Connecting in an affected area may lead to entry restrictions later on, and if you've been in an affected area recently some countries won't even let you change planes.
Guhinduranya indege mu karere kibasiwe n’indwara bishobora gutuma nyuma y’aho urebwa n’amategeko y’ikumira, kandi niba uheruka mu karere kibasiwe n’iyo ndwara ndetse mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe ntibazakwemerera guhindura indege.
On certain itineraries there is a risk of getting quarantined somewhere along the way.
Mu byerekezo bimwe na bimwe uganamo hari ibyago byo gushyirwa mu kato ukiri mu nzira.
So book a direct flight if you can, and if not, think carefully about where to connect.
Bityo rero saba ko bakubikira tike y’indege ikugeza iyo ujya itagize ahandi ica, na none bidakunze, tekereza witonze ku hantu uhindurira indege.
In uncertain times, plans can change.
Mu bihe by’urujijo, gahunda zishobora guhinduka.
Many embassies and consulates have evacuated nonessential staff, and some have shut down operations completely.
Ambasade na Konsila nyinshi byamaze gucyura abakozi badakenewe cyane, kandi zimwe na zimwe zahagaritse ibikorwa byazo ku buryo nta na kiimwe gikora.
Emergency assistance should still be available, though it's possible you may have to contact a further-away consulate if your local one has shut down.
Ubufasha bwihutirwa bushobora gukomeza kuboneka, nubwo ugomba kuvugana na konsila ya kure mu gihe ikwegereye yaba yarafunze.
If you have been stranded due to the pandemic, your nearest consulate may be able to help you find a flight home, arrange an emergency loan so you can buy a ticket, or provide an emergency passport.
Niba waraheze aho uri ukananirwa kuhava bitewe n’iki cyorezo, konsila ikwegereye ishobora kugufasha kubona indege igutahana, kumvikana ku buryo yagushakira inguzanyo yihuse kugira ngo ubashe kugura tike, cyangwa ikaguha pasiporo mu buryo bwihuse.
At the very least they can keep you informed about the local situation and notify you about recently introduced travel requirements and restrictions.
Ikintu cyoroshye bashobora kugukorera bashobora gukomeza kuguha amakuru yerekeranye n’uko ibintu byifashe aho uri kandi bakakumenyesha ibisabwa birebana no gukora ingendo biheruka gushyirwaho hamwe n’amategeko mashya arebana n’ikumirwa.
Ordinary consular services such as visa and passport processing may be suspended or restricted to urgent need, depending on the location and the consulate.
Serivisi zisanzwe za Konsila nko kwaka viza gusaba pasiporo bishobora guhagarikwa cyangwa bigaharirwa gusa ikintu kihutirwa gikenewe bitewe n’aho uri na konsila.
Although some people call the disease "Wuhan pneumonia" (武汉(漢)肺炎/武肺), "Wuhan disease", or "Chinese virus", the use of these terms is considered racist in China and by many people of Chinese origin.
N’ubwo bamwe bita iki cyorezo "Umusonga wa Wuhan" (武汉(漢)肺炎/武肺), "Icyorezo cya Wuhan", cyangwa "Virusi Nshinwa", ikoreshwa ry’aya magambo rifatwa nk’ivanguramoko mu Bushinwa no mu bantu benshi bafite inkomoko mu Bushinwa.
It is still common to refer the disease as "Wuhan pneumonia" or "Chinese virus" in places like Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Bikunze kubaho kwita iyi ndwara "umusonga wa Wuhan " cyangwa "virusi Nshinwa" mu turere nka Hong Kong na Taiwan.
To be safe, use location-neutral terms when referring to the disease, such as "COVID-19", "novel coronavirus", or just "the virus" or "the pandemic".
Kugira ngo utekane, koresha amagambo atagira ahantu wiitirira iyi ndwara mu gihe ushaka gukomoza kuri cyorezo, nka "COVID-19", "indwara nshya ya coronavirus", cyangwa gusa "virusi" cyangwa "icyorezo".
Particularly in developing countries where law enforcement are poorly trained, enforcement of curfew, lockdown or stay-at-home orders are often brutal, often using forces not proportionate against crowds.
Ku buryo bwihariye mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere aho kubahiriza amategeko bitozwa ku buryo budahagije, abashinzwe kugenzura ko amasaha y’umukwabu, kudatembera cyangwa kuguma mu rugo byubahirizwa akenshi bahutaza abaturage, bagakoresha kenshi ingufu z’umurengera ku baturage.
Comply with these orders, and avoid crowds in public.
Gukurikiza aya mategeko, no kwirinda aho abantu benshi bateranira.
As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, xenophobia has risen in many countries, primarily but not exclusively targeting people perceived to be Chinese.
Bitewe n’icyorezo cya coronavirus, gutinya abanyamahanga no kubanga byarabyutse, ubwa mbere harebwaga abantu bafatwa nk’abashinwa ariko si bo bonyine.
There has been a worldwide spike in racist incidents targeting people of East Asian origin, including in major cities such as New York, London and San Francisco.
Ibikorwa by’ivanguramoko byarazamutse ku rwego rw’isi biboneza ku baturage bafite inkomoko muri Aziya y’Iburasirazuba, harimo no mu migi minini nka New York, Londoni na San Francisco.
In Hong Kong, Sinophobia, which was already high to begin with, has intensified as a result of the pandemic, with the result that many shops and restaurants are now denying service to mainland Chinese customers and banning Mandarin speakers from their premises (with the exception of Taiwanese).
Muri Hong Kong, gutinya no kwanga abashinwa, n’ubundi byari bisanzwe biri ku rwego rwo hejuru,byariyongereye bitewe n’iki cyorezo, icyo bitanga ni uko amaduka menshi n’amaresitora ubu yanga guha serivisi abakiriya b’abashinwa bafite inkomoko ku mugabane kandi bagaca abavuga ikirimi k’IkiMandarin aho bakorera (bagasonera gusa abaTaiwanese).
Levels of xenophobia have also risen in East Asia, with some restaurants and other businesses in Japan and China refusing service to foreign customers.
Inzego zo gutinya no kwanga abanyamahanga zarazamutse no muri Aziya y’Iburasirazuba, aho amaresitora amwe n’amwe n’abandi bacuruzi mu Buyapani no mu Bushinwa bangaga guha serivisi abakiriya b’abanyamahanga.
In China, there have been incidents of foreigners being refused rooms by hotel staff, and foreign residents, particularly black people, being kicked out of their apartments on short notice by their landlords.
Mu Bushinwa, habaye amahano yo kwanga guha abanyamahanga ibyumba byo kuraramo bikorwa n’abakozi ba hoteli, kandi n’abanyamahanga bahatuye, by’umwihariko abirabura, basohorwa mu mazu bakodeshaga na ba nyirayo babahaye integuza y’igihe kigufi cyane.
Sources for further information on the coronavirus outbreak include:
Isoko y’andi makuru yerekeranye no kwaduka kwa coronavirus ni:
The US government Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Ibigo bya Leta y’Amerika Bigenzura Bikanarinda ibyorezo
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (daily updates)
Ikigo cy’Uburayi bwo Hagati Kigenzura Kikanarinda Ibyorezo (avugururwa buri munsi)
United Kingdom government, - Foreign and Commonwealth Office advice for Travellers
Guverinema y’Ubwongereza, - Inama zihabwa abagenzi zitangwa n’Ibiro Bishinzwe Abanyamahanga n’Umuryango wa Commonwealth
An online map and dashboard from the John Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering with live updates
Ikarita iri kuri enterinete n’igishushanyo mbonera byavuye muri Kaminuza ya John Hopkins Ikigo cya Injiniyaringi na siyansi ya za sisitemu amakuru gitanga akaba ahora avugururwa kuri enterinete
Partial lists of entry restrictions from IATA and The New York Times
Urutonde rw’amategeko amwe akumira abinjira rutangwa na IATA hamwe n’ikinyamakuru cya The New York Times
A variety of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus are being promoted online and even by some government officials, so be careful which sources you check for information.
Hari amakuru menshi atari yo n’andi asobanura nabi virusi arimo yamamazwa kuri enterinete ndetse n’abayobozi bamwe na bamwe ba za Leta, bityo rero ugomba kwitondera isoko uvomamo amakuru.
Ensure that all information and advice you receive has been backed by reputable doctors and scientists.
Reba neza ko amakuru yose wakira n’inama uhabwa byashyigikiwe n’abaganga n’abahanga muri siyansi bizewe.
In a crisis, it's natural to want to keep following the latest updates, but it may be better for your mental health to moderate the amount of news that you look at, and stick to reliable news sources.
Mu gihe akaga kateye, gushaka gukurikira amakuru mashya agezweho biri muri kamere muntu, ariko ni byiza kugira ngo udahungabana mu mutwe kugabanya ingano y’amakuru ureba, kandi ukomere ku makuru afite inkomoko yizewe.
If you normally watch the news twice per day then stick to this schedule and do something else, rather than having the 24-hour news on continuously.
Niba usanzwe ureba amakuru kabiri ku munsi n’ubu ntuhindure ingengabihe kandi ugire ikindi kintu ukora, aho gukurikira amakuru amasaha 24 hour news on continuouslyudahagaritse.
b'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.
b'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is ni poroteyine ikora imisemburo yometse ku gice cyo hanze (utwugara tw’ingirangingo) k’ingirangingo zo mu buhaha, mu mijyana y’amaraso, mu mutima, mu mpyiko, no mu mara.
ACE2 counters the activity of the related angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1-7) making it a promising drug target for treating cardiovascular diseases.ACE2 also serves as the entry point into cells for some coronaviruses.
ACE2 ishyira ku gipimo nyacyo igikorwa cya poroteyine ikora imisemburo angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mu kugabanya umubare w’angiotensin-II no kongera Ang(1-7) bigakora umuti utanga ikizere ugamije kuvura indwara y’umutima.ACE2 ifasha kandi kuba urwinjiriro rugana mu ngirangingo kuri ya za coronaviruses zimwe na zimwe.
The human version of the enzyme is often referred to as hACE2.
Verisiyo ya muntu kuri poroteyine ikora imisemburo akenshi bayita hACE2.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a zinc containing metalloenzyme located on the surface of endothelial and other cells.
Poroteyine ikora imisemburo y’Angiotensin-con 2 ni zinc irimo metalloenzyme iherereye ku buso bwa endothelial no ku zindi ngirangingo.
ACE2 protein contains an N-terminal peptidase M2 domain and a C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain.
poroteyine ya ACE2 irimo n’igice cya N-terminal cya peptidase M2 hamwe n’igice cya C-terminal collectrin gitwara aside yo mu miti inyuze mu mpyiko.
ACE2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein, with its enzymatically active domain exposed on the surface of cells in lungs and other tissues.
ACE2 ni akugara ka poroteyine ubwoko bwa I igira inzira imwe, ifite igice cyayo cya poroteyine ikora imisemburo gikora kiba hejuru ku ngirangingo z’ibihaha no ku zindi ngirabuzimafatizo.
The extracellular domain of ACE2 is cleaved from the transmembrane domain by another enzyme known as sheddase, and the resulting soluble protein is released into the blood stream and ultimately excreted into urine.
Igice kiri hanze y’ingirabuzima cya of ACE2 gisaturwa ku gice cy’akugara kambukiranya n’indi poroteyine ikora imisemburo izwi ku izina rya sheddase, na poroteyine ishonga ivamwo yinjira mu nzira y’amarazo nyuma igasohokera mu nkari.
ACE2 is present in most organs: ACE2 is attached to the cell membrane of mainly lung type II alveolar cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells in most organs.
ACE2 iboneka mu bice byinshi by’umubiri: ACE2 ifata ku kugara k’ingirabuzima ahanini k’ingirabuzima z’ubwoko bwa II z’umutsi wo ku bihaha, ku ngirabuzima zo mu bura buto, mu ngirabuzima zo mu mujyana w’amaraso no mu dutsi tw’amaraso no mu ngirabuzima zo mu mitsi isennye yo mu bice byinshi by’umubiri.
ACE2 mRNA expression is also found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem.
ACE2 mRNA expression uyisanga ku gafubiko k’ubwonko, kuri striatum, kuri hypothalamus, no ku nkondo y’ubwonko.
The primary function of ACE2 is to act as a counter balance to ACE.
Umurimo wa mbere wa ACE2 ni ugushyira ku gipimo nyacyo ACE.
ACE cleaves angiotensin I hormone into the vasoconstricting angiotensin II.
ACE ica mu misemburo y’angiotensin I mo angiotensin II igira mito imiheha itwara amaraso ikagabanya umuvuduko.
ACE2 in turn cleaves the carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine from angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and hydrolyses it into the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 nayo ikura phenylalanine ya aside ya carboxyl-terminal amino muri angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) na hydrolyses muri angiotensin igira minini imiheha itwara amaraso (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 can also cleave a number of other peptides including [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, and ghrelin.
ACE2 ishobora kandi kugabanyamo ibice peptides nka [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, na ghrelin.
ACE2 also regulates the membrane trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 and has been implicated in Hartnup's disease.
ACE2 ituma kandi akugara gatwara aside itivanga y’amino igendamo SLC6A19 ikora neza kandi ikagira n’uruhare mu ndwara ya Hartnup ituma hari poroteyine umubiri utakira.
As a transmembrane protein, ACE2 serves as the main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (the virus that causes SARS); and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
Nka poroteyine yambukiranya akugara, ACE2 ikora nk’urwinjiriro rw’ingenzi ku ngirabuzima rucamo coronaviruses zimwe na zimwe, ari zo HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (virusi itera SARS); na SARS-CoV-2 (virusi itera COVID-19).
More specifically, the binding of the spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 to the enzymatic domain of ACE2 on the surface of cells results in endocytosis and translocation of both the virus and the enzyme into endosomes located within cells.
Mu buryo busobanutse kurushaho, isano yo kuzamuka kwa poroteyine S1 ya SARS-CoV na SARS-CoV2 ikajya mu gice cy’imisemburo cya ACE2 ku ngirabuzima bitanga uburyo bwo kwibangurira bita endocytosis no kwimuka kw’izo virusi ziva mu mwanya zari zirimo na poroteyine zitanga imisemburo zigahinduka ingirabuzima zigemura ziba mu nda y’ingirabuzima.
This entry process also requires priming of the S protein by the host serine protease TMPRSS2, the inhibition of which is under current investigation as a potential therapeutic.This has led some to hypothesize that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection.
Ubu buryo bwo kwinjira kandi butegura poroteyine S kugira icyo ikora mu kubanyamo ibice TMPRSS2, ubushakashatsi bukaba burimo bushakisha uko bayibuza gukora bikaba uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kuyivura.Ibi byabagejeje ku gitekerezo ko kugabanya ibipimo bya ACE2, mu ngirabuzima, byafasha kurwanya iyi ndwara.
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
Nyamara, sosiyete nyinshi z’abanyamwuga n’ibigo ngenzuramikorere zasabye ko hakomeza uburyo bwo kubuza ACE gukora ku gipimo kemewe no kuvuza ARB.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 11, 2012, found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls."
Inyigo isubiramo ntacyo isize inyuma n’isesengura ryagutse cyane yatangajwe ku wa 11 Nyakanga 2012, yatahuye ko "gukoresha imiti ibuza ACE gukora byasanishijwe n’igabanuka ku geza kuri 34% ry’ibyago byo kwandura umusonga ugereranyije n’abakorewe igenzura."
Moreover, "the risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure.
Ikindi kandi, "ibyago byo kwandura umusonga byaragabanutse ku barwayi bari bugarijwe cyane no kuwandura bavuwe hifashishijwe imiti ibuza ACE gukora ku buryo bw’umwihariko abarwayi b’umutima, n’abafite umutima udakora neza.
Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."
Ikoreshwa ry’imiti ibuza ACE ryasanishijwe kandi n’igabanuka ry’abapfa bazira indwara y’umusonga, n’ubwo ibyavuyemo bitari bihambaye cyane kuruta ibyago byo kwandura umusonga muri rusange."
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
ACE2 (rhACE2) ibifatanyije byose ifatawa nk’aho ari wo muti mushya uvura indwara y’gikomere k’igikatu mu bihaha, kandi bigaragara ko yongera mu buryo bwiza bwo gutembera kw’amaraso mu bihaha no kongera umwuka uhagije mu bice byazahajwe na bagiteri itera ibihaha guhishira.
The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.
Igice k’igihe cy’ubuzima umuti wa rhACE2 umara mu biremwa muntu ni amasaha 10 kandi utangira gukora hashize iminota 30 hejuru y’igihe ingaruka z’icyo wakoze zitangira kugaragarira (igihe) mu masaha 24.
Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.Infused rhACE2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwatahuye ko rhACE2 ushobora kuba umuti utanga ikizere ku bantu bafite umubiri utihanganira sisitemu ibuza gukora renin-angiotensin (Imiti ibuza RAS gukora) cyangwa ku ndwara aho angiotensin II itembera mu maraso iri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Gutera umuti wa rhACE2 byaragenzuwe mu igerageza ryo kwa muganga mu kuvura indwara y’igikatu ifata inzira z’ubuhumekero.
b'Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus).
Coronavirus b'Bat yo mu bwoko bwa SARS- WIV1(Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), rimwe na rimwe kandi bita coronavirus yo mu bwoko bwa SARS WIV1, ni isoko y’Indwara y’igikatu ifata inzira z’ubuhumekero ifite aho ihurira na coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) yabonetse mu ducurama tw’ikigina tuboneka mu Bushinwa (Rhinolophus sinicus).
Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.
Kimwe na coronaviruses zose, virusi isohotse mu ngirabuzima igirwa na RNA igana mu kerekezo kijya imbere ifungiranye mu gafubiko.
The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Amakuru yavumbuwe yemeje ko uducurama ari indiri kamere ya SARS-CoV.
Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
Ubusesenguzi bugaragaza inkomoko bwerekana ko bishoboka kwandura mu buryo butaziguye SARS ivuye mu ducurama ikinjira mu bantu zitanyuze mu tunyamaswa dusa n’imishushwe bita civet abashinwa barya, nk’uko abantu babanje kubikeka mbere.
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
b'COVID-19 ni porogaramu zinjizwa muri telefoni ngendanwa z’ikoranabuhanga zakozwe ku buryo zifasha kuvumbura abantu umuntu yabonanye na bo mu gushakira igisubizo icyorezo cya coronavirus 2019-20, urugero mu gikorwa cyo gutahura abantu ("nomero") bashobora kuba barabonanye n’umuntu wanduye.
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
Porogaramu nyinshi zarakozwe cyangwa abantu benshi basabwe kuzikoresha, guverinema zibishyigikiye mu ntara zimwe na zimwe no mu turere tumwe na tumwe bayobora.
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
Kadere nyinshi zo kubaka porogaramu itahura uko abantu bagiye bahura zashyizweho.
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Impungenge zo kuvogera amakuru bwite y’ubuzima bw’umuntu zaragaragajwe, cyane ku byerekeranye za sisitemu zishingiye ku gutahura ahantu umuntu aherereye ku bakoresha porogaramu.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Ubundi buryo butinjirira umuntu cyane busimbura ubwo ngubwo burimo gukoresha ihanahana makuru ryifashisha Bluetooth kugira ngo winjiremo umenye telefone zindi ngendanwa ukoresha porogaramu yegeranye na zo.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
Ku itariki ya 10 Mata 2020, Google na Apple batangarije hamwe ko bagiye kwinjizamo iyo mikoreshereze kugira ngo bashyigikire porogaramu zishingiye ku ihanamakuru rya Bluetoothigahita yinjizwa ako kanya muri sisitemu zikoresha Android na iOS.
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
Mu Bushinwa, Leta y’Ubushinwa, ifatanyije na Alipay, yakwirakwije porogaramu ituma abenegihugu babasha niba barabonanye n’abantu banduye COVID-19.
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
Ikoreshwa mu migi irenga 200 y’Ubushinwa.Muri Singapore, porogaramu bise TraceTogether irimo irakoreshwa.
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
Iyo porogaramu yakozwe n’umuryango mugari w’abahanga mu Ikoranabuhanga n’Itumanaho IT , yashyizwe hanze nk’isoko y’amakuru ifunguye kuri buri wese kandi izashyikirizwa Leta. North Macedonia yasohoye "StopKorona!", porogaramu yifashisha Bluetooth kugira ngo itahure ko wegeranye n’abantu banduye ku buryo bukomeye kandi igaha abayobozi mu rwego rw’ubuzima igisubizo kihuse.
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
Iyo porogaramu yakozwe na Minisiteri y’Itumanaho n’Ikoranabuhanga na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Guhera tariki 14 Mata 2020, iyo porogaramu itegereje kwemerwa muri Google Play Store no muri Apple App Store.
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
Ku itariki 12 Mata, Leta yavuze ko iyo porogaramu itahura abo umuntu yabonanye na bo yari igeze ku rwego rwisumbuye itegurwa, kandi ko yagombaga kuba yabonetse kugira ngo ikwirakwizwe mu byumweru bikurikira. Porogaramu nka bene iyo irimo irategurwa gukorwa muri Ireland, no mu Bufaransa ("StopCovid").
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
Australia na New Zealand barimo baratekereza gukora porogaramu zo muri telefoni bagendeye ku rugero rwa porogaramu yo muri Singapore yitwa TraceTogether na porogaramu y’Uburusiya yitwa BlueTrace. Uburusiya burateganya gutangiza porogaramu izitira aho umuntu atarenga ku barwayi ba COVID-19 baba i Moscow, ikoze ku buryo bamenya neza ko batavuye mu rugo.
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
Ross Anderson, umwarimu wigisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba zo kurinda umutekano muri Kaminuza ya Cambridge, yashyize ku rutonde umubare w’ibibazo bifatika sisitemu zishingiye kuri porogaramu zishyirwa muri telefoni ziteza, harimo abo zerekana ko barwaye kandi ari bazima no kuba zidakora nyabyo icyo zashyiriweho niba gukoresha izi porogaramu bigarukira ku mubare muto w’abaturage.
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
Kumara izi mpungene ku birebana n’ikwirakwira z’izi porogaramu ziyobya cyangwa zonona zigenzura "coronavirus", Apple yshyizeho urugero ntarengwa rw’ubwoko bw’imiryango yinjiza porogaramu zigenzura coronavirusmuri App Store, ikemerera gusa "izemewe ku mugaragaro" cyangwa mu yandi magambo imiryango yizewe.
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
Google na Amazon nabo bashyizeho bene ayo amabwiriza akumira.
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Abantu ku giti cyabo bagaragaje impungenge bafite ku bijyanye no kugenzura abantu benshi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni, by’umwihariko bibaza niba ibikorwaremezo byashyiriweho kugenzura icyorezo cya koronavirusi bizakurwaho igihe icyorezo kizaba cyarangiye.
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Uharanira Uburenganzira Bwa Muntu witwa “Amnesty International” hamwe n’indi miryango irenga 100 yasohoye inyandiko isaba ko ikoreshwa ry’ubu buryo bw’igenzura ryagabanywa.
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
Iyi miryango yatangaje ibintu umunani za guverinoma zigomba kugenderaho ku bijyanye n’imishinga yazo:
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
Igenzura rigomba kuba ryubahirije amategeko, ari ngombwa kandi riri ku kigero kingana nicyo rigamije ";
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
kongera igihe cy’izuzuma n’igenzura bigomba kuba bikubiyemo ingingo zigaragaza igihe bizarangirira;
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
amakuru akwiye gukoreshwa gusa ku mpamvu zijyanye na COVID-19;
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
umutekano n’ibanga ku makuru bigomba kurindwa no kugaragazwa kugira ngo arindwe hashingiwe ku bimenyetso;
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
igenzura rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigomba kutarangwa n’ ivangura cg iteshagaciro;
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
ihererekanyamakuru iryo ari ryo ryose rigomba kuba rishingiye ku itegeko;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
hakwiye kubaho uburyo bwo kurwanya ihohoterwa kandi bufasha abaturage kuryirinda;
"meaningful participation" by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
"harasabwa uruhare rufatika” rwa buri “bafatanyabikorwa bakenewe”, habariwemo inzobere mu buvuzi rusange n’ amatsinda y’abantu basigajwe inyuma Ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cy’Abadage (CCC) hamwe n’Abanyamakuru batagira umupaka (RSF) nabo hari urutonde rw’ibigomba kwitabwaho bagragaje.
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Gahunda yashyizweho na Google/Apple igamije kugaragaza ikibazo cy’igenzura rihoraho ifata ikemezo cyo gukuraho uburyo bwo gushakisha abantu bahuye n’ubwandu mu ikoranabuhanga ryabo igihe ubwo buryo buzaba butagikenewe.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Ibihugu bimwe byakoresheje uburyo bwa murandasi bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu hakoreshejwe bwo kugendera ku gace baherereyemo aho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni, bikuraho ubushake bwo gushyira iryo koranabuhanga muri telefoni n’ubushobozi bwo kuba wakwirinda gushakishwa.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Muri Isiraheli, uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu bushingiye kuri murandasi bwaremejwe.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu bushingiye kuri murandasi bufite ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru y’umuntu ku giti ajyanye n’aho aherere bufite ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye n’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu.
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Gusa, ntabwo uburyo bwose bwo kubika amakuru hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ariko bukeneye kuba bwagera ku makuru y’umuntu ku giti ke ajyanye naho aherereye; hari uburyo bwinshi bwashyizweho butuma hubahwa amakuru y’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu bukaba bukoresha ububiko bw’amakuru igihe gusa hari amakuru akenewe guhererekanywa( reba agace gakurikra).
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Muri Koreya y’Amagepfo, uburyo budashingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni bwarakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Aho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryabugenewe rishyirwa muri telefoni, hakusanyijwe amakuru hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye burimo no gukoresha telefoni ngendanwa, ibyo wakoreye kuri simukadi hamwe no kumenyesha abantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubwandu hakoreshejwe ubutumwa bugufi kuri telefoni zabo .
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Uretse gukoresha aya makuru mu rwego rwo kumyesha abahuye n’ubwandu, guverinoma kandi yashyizeho uburyo umuntu wese ashobora kubona amakuru ya buri gace, ibi bikaba byarakozwe kubera impinduka zabayeho mu bijyanye n’amategeko agenga amakuru y’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu nyuma yuko icyorezo cya MERS kigera muri icyo gihugu .
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Umuntu wese ashobora kubona aya makuru akoresheje uburyo butandukanye bw’ikoranabuhanga ryo muri telefoni n’imbuga zitandukanye. Ibihugu birimo Ubudage byakoresheje uburyo bwombi yaba ubwo ku rwego rw’igihugu nubwo kubaha amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
Guhera tariki 6 Mata 2020, ibisobanuro ntibirasohoka.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu hubahwa amakuru y’ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu bwizweho neza, hashingiwe ku makuru afatika ajyanye na byo nibura yo guhera 2013. Kuwa 7 Mata 2020, amatsinda arenga 12 y’inzobere yakoze ubushakashatsi ku cyakorwa mu rwego rwo kutavogera ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu, nko kuba hakoreshwa uburyo bwa bulutufu (BLE) butuma ubukoresha ashobora guhererekanya amakuru na telefoni zimuri hafi.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Nyamara, PEPP-PT ni imbaraga zihuza uburyo bwo ku rwego rw’igihugu n’ubwegerejwe abaturage kandi ntikora mu buryo bumwe. Uburyo bwegerejwe abaturage bukubiyemo uburyo bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu hubahwa amakuru bwite y’abantu (DP-PPT), Imibare y’igihe gito y’abahuye n’uwanduye (TCN), Imibare y’abahuriye mu minsi mikuru (CEN), Uburyo bwubaha amakuru ku buzima bwite bw’umuntu bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu (PACT) ndetse n’ubundi.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Muri ubu buryo, amakuru bwite y’abantu bagaragaye ntajya hanze, kandi n’ibijyanye no kumenya abo bahuye bikorerwa mu ikoranabuhanga.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Itsinda rishinzwe amakuru y’ibanga cyo muri Laboratwari ya MIT Media gikomeje gushakisha uburo bwizewe bwo kubuka amakuru, uburyo buzatuma amakuru bwite y’abantu akomeza kugirwa ibanga ndetse no gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha abhuye n’ubwandu hagendewe ku gace baturukamo mu rwego rwo kubona amakuru ajyanye n’ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 .
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Ibi bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe na “Apps Gone Rogue: Kubungabunga amakuru ajyanye n’ubuzima bwite bw’abantu” bwasohotse muri Werurwe 2020. Ubundi buryo bwatangajwe ni ubwo Gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu bwakozwe na Enigma MPC, ikigo gkora ikoranabuhanga ribungabunga amakuru y’ibanga y’abantu ku giti cyabo, iki kigo nacyo cyarashinzwe na Laboratwari ya MIT Media.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
Uburyo bwizewe bwo gushakisha abahuye n’ubwandu bukoresha ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga mu gufasha ababikoresha guhererekanya amakuru y’ahantu hari ubwandu n’ajyanye n’ubuzima n’ababishinzwe hatabayeho kuvogera ubuzima bwite bw’abantu.