atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Whether either of these two leads to the same benefit for people who are critically ill is not known.
Ntibiramenyekana niba ubu buryo bwombi butanga umusaruro umwe ku ndembe.
Some doctors prefer staying with invasive mechanical ventilation when available because this technique limits the spread of aerosol particles compared to a high flow nasal cannula.Severe cases are most common in older adults (those older than 60 years, and especially those older than 80 years).
Abaganga bamwe bahitamo gukomeza gukoresha ibyuma byongera umwuka iyo bihari kubera ko ubu buryo butuma hatabaho isohoka ry’umwuka ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo gukoresha udutiyo bohereza mu myanya y’ubuhumekero. Ubu bwandu bukunze kugaragara ku bantu bakuze cyane (bari hejuru y’imyaka 60 cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 80).
Many developed countries do not have enough hospital beds per capita, which limits a health system's capacity to handle a sudden spike in the number of COVID-19 cases severe enough to require hospitalisation.
Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere bifite ibibazo by’ibitanda bidahagijje, ibi bigatuma havuka ikibazo kijyanye no guhangana no kwiyongera kw’imibare y’abantu barwaye COVID-19 barembye kandi bakeneye kujyanwa mu bitaro .
One study in China found 5% were admitted to intensive care units, 2.3% needed mechanical support of ventilation, and 1.4% died.
Inyigo imwe mu Bushinwa yagaragaje ko 5% bajyanywe ahagenewe indembe, 2,3% bakaba bari bakeneye kongererwa umwuka naho 1,4% bakaba barapfuye.
In China, approximately 30% of people in hospital with COVID-19 are eventually admitted to ICU.
Mu Bushinwa, abantu babarirwa kuri 30% barwariye COVID-19 mu bitaro bahabwa ubufasha bwa ICU.
Mechanical ventilation becomes more complex as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops in COVID-19 and oxygenation becomes increasingly difficult.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyuma byongera umwuka bukomeje gukoreshwa bitewe n’ibibazo byo kubura umwuka biterwa na COVID-19 bigenda birushaho kuba ingorabahizi.
Ventilators capable of pressure control modes and high PEEP are needed to maximise oxygen delivery while minimising the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury and pneumothorax.
Hakenewe ibikoresho byinshi byo mu bwoko bwa PEEP byo gufasha kongerera abarwayi umwuka mu rwego rwo kugabanya ibibazo byo gukomereka no kwifunga kw’imyanya y’ubuhumekero.
High PEEP may not be available on older ventilators.
Uburyo ibi bikoresho bya PEEP bikoresha ntibuboneka bikoresho bya kera.
Research into potential treatments started in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are in clinical trials.
Ubushakashatsi ku miti ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura iki cyorezo bwatangiye muri Mutarama 2020, kandi imiti myinshi yatangiye kugeragezwa.
Remdesivir appears to be the most promising.
Remdesivir niwo muti urimo gutanga ikizere.
Although new medications may take until 2021 to develop, several of the medications being tested are already approved for other uses or are already in advanced testing.
Nubwo bishobora kugeza mu mwaka wa 2021 kugira ngo haboneke imiti mishya, imiti itandukanye irimo kugeragezwa isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura izindi ndwara cyangwa se isanzwe yari irimo gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi.
Antiviral medication may be tried in people with severe disease.
Imiti irwanya virusi ishobora kugeragerezwa ku bantu barembye.
The WHO recommended volunteers take part in trials of the effectiveness and safety of potential treatments.The FDA has granted temporary authorisation to convalescent plasma as an experimental treatment in cases where the person's life is seriously or immediately threatened.
WHO yasabye abakorerabushake kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bugamije kureba ubushobozi n’ubuziranenge bw’imiti iri mu igerageza. FDA yabaye itanze urushya rw’igihe gito rwo gukoresha imiti yongerera abarwayi imbaraga mu gihe bigaragara ko ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga .
It has not undergone the clinical studies needed to show it is safe and effective for the disease.
Nta bushakashatsi iki kigo (FDA) cyakoze mu rwego rwo kwemeza niba ubu buryo bufite ubushobozi bwo kuvura indwra cyangwa se ubuziranenge.
In February 2020, China launched a mobile app to deal with the disease outbreak.
Muri Gashyantare 2020, Ubushinwa bwatangije ikoranbuhanga ryo muri telefoni mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo.
Users are asked to enter their name and ID number.
Abakoresha ubu buryo basabwa kwinjizamo amazina yabo na nomero y’indangamuntu.
The app is able to detect 'close contact' using surveillance data and therefore a potential risk of infection.
Iri koranabuhanga rifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya niba ahantu urikoresha ari hari ubwandu, hifashishijwe amakuru aturuka mu igenzura, ku buryo uhegereye wakwandura.
Every user can also check the status of three other users.
Umuntu wese ukoresha iri koranabuhanga ashobora no kureba uko abandi bantu batatu babukoresha bahagaze.
If a potential risk is detected, the app not only recommends self-quarantine, it also alerts local health officials.Big data analytics on cellphone data, facial recognition technology, mobile phone tracking and artificial intelligence are used to track infected people and people whom they contacted in South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Singapuru Iyo aho hantu bigaragaye ko hari ubwandu, usibye kuba iryo koranabuhanga rikugira inama yo kwishyira mu kato, rinamenyesha inzego z’ubuzima zo muri ako gace. Ibihugu bya Koreya Yepfo, Taiwan na bikoresha ikoranabuhanga risuzuma amkuru yo muri telefoni ngendanwa, ibyuma bigenzura abantu bikoresheje amasura yabo , gushakisha amakuru hifashishijwe telefoni ngendanwa ndetse no gukoresha ibyuma bikora nk’abantu, muri gahunda yo gushakisha abantu bahuye n’ubwandu.
In March 2020, the Israeli government enabled security agencies to track mobile phone data of people supposed to have coronavirus.
Muri Werurwe 2020, guverinoma ya Isiraheli yahaye ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga ubushobozi bwo kugenzura za telefoni ngendanwa z’abantu bakekwaho ubwandu.
The measure was taken to enforce quarantine and protect those who may come into contact with infected citizens.
Uyu mwanzuro wafashwe mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’akato no kurinda abashobora guhura n’abafite ubwandu.
Also in March 2020, Deutsche Telekom shared aggregated phone location data with the German federal government agency, Robert Koch Institute, in order to research and prevent the spread of the virus.
Muri Werurwe 2020 na none, Deutsche Telekom yatanze uburyo bwo kugenzura amakuru yo muri za telefoni ngendanwa ibifashijwemo n’ikigo cya Leta y’Ubudage kitwa Robert Koch Institute, mu rwego rwo gukora ubushakashatsi no gukumira ikwirakira ry’icyorezo cya virusi.
Russia deployed facial recognition technology to detect quarantine breakers.
Uburusiya bwakwirakwije ikoranabuhanga rigenzura amasura mu rwego rwo kumenya abarenze ku mabwiriza arebana n’akato.
Italian regional health commissioner Giulio Gallera said he has been informed by mobile phone operators that "40% of people are continuing to move around anyway".
Komisiyoneri w’ubuzima mu karere mu Butaliyani witwa Giulo Gallera yabwiwe n’abafite ibigo by’itumanaho rya telefoni ko " abantu bagera kuri 40% bakomeje kwigendera uko babonye ".
German government conducted a 48 hours weekend hackathon with more than 42.000 participants.
Guverinoma y’Ubudage ygiranye inama y’amasaha 48 n’abahanga mu bya mudasobwa barenga 42,000.
Also the president of Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, made a global call for creative solutions against the spread of coronavirus.
Perezida wa Esitoniya, Kersti Kaljulaid, yahamagariye abantu batuye isi gushaka uburyo bwo guhangana n’ikwirakwira rya koronavirusi.
Individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment or fear of the infection itself.
Abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo by’agahinda gakabije bitewe no gushyirwa mu kato, kubuzwa gutembera, ingaruka z’imiti, cyangwa gutinya icyorezo ubwabyo.
BBC quoted Rory O'Connor in saying, "Increased social isolation, loneliness, health anxiety, stress and an economic downturn are a perfect storm to harm people's mental health and wellbeing."
BBC yatangaje amagambo ya Rory O'Connor, aho yavuze ko "gushyira abantu mu kato, ubwigunge, ihangayika ry’ubuzima, gutekereza cyane n’ubukene bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwo mu mutwe n’imibereho myiza y’abantu."
The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the common cold.
Icyorezo gishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bike cyangwa ntikigire ibyo kigaragaza, ibi bikaba bisa n’iby’ubundi burwayi bw’indwara zo mu buhumekero cyangwa ibicurane.
Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover.
Abanntu barwaye byoroheje bashobora gukira mu byumeru bibiri, mu gihe abarembye bishibora kubatwara ibyumweru bitatu kugeza kuri bitandatu.
Pregnant women may be at higher risk for severe infection with COVID-19 based on data from other similar viruses, like SARS and MERS, but data for COVID-19 is lacking.In some people, COVID-19 may affect the lungs causing pneumonia.
Abagore batwite baba bashobora kuzahazwa na COVID-19 nkuko amakuru ashingiye ku zindi virusi abitangaza, urugero nka SARS na MERS, gusa amakuru ajyanye na COVID-19 ku bagore batwite ntaramenyekana. COVID-19 ishobora gutera indwra zo mu buhumekero ku bantu bamwe.
In those most severely affected, COVID-19 may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing respiratory failure, septic shock or multi-organ failure.
Abantu bamwe bazahazajwe na COVID-19 bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye byo mu buhumekero (ARDS) bishobora gutuma babura umwuka, kugira ibibazo by’imyumvire no gucika intege kw’ingingo z’umubiri zitandukanye.
Complications associated with COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal clotting and damage to the heart, kidneys and liver.
Ibibazo biterwa na COVID-19 birimo kubabara umubiri wose kwirundira hamwe kw’amaraso no kwangirika mu mutima, impyiko n’umwijima.
Clotting abnormalities, specifically an increase in prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those admitted to hospital with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function is seen in 4% of this group.
Kuvura kw’amaraso, cyane cyane mu mwijima, byagaragaye ku bantu bangana na 6% by’abarwayi ba COVID-19 bajyanywe mu bitaro, mu gihe ibibazo by’impyiko byagaragaye ku bangana na 4%.
Approximately 20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 demonstrate elevated liver enzymes (transaminases).
Abantu babarirwa hagati ya 20-30% barwaye COVID-19 bagaragaje izamuka ry’uturemangingo mu mwijima (transaminases mu cyongereza).
According to the same report, the median time between onset of symptoms and death was ten days, with five being spent hospitalised.
Iyi raporo igaragaza kandi ko, igihe kiri hagati yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso no gupfa kiri mu minsi icumi, batanu muri bo bakaba bajyanwa mu bitaro.
However, patients transferred to an ICU had a median time of seven days between hospitalisation and death.
Nyamara, abarwayi bajyanywe muri ICU bamaze igihe kingana n’iminsi irindwi mu bitaro mbere yuko bapfa.
In a study of early cases, the median time from exhibiting initial symptoms to death was 14 days, with a full range of six to 41 days.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku baherutse kwandura, igihe kiri hagati yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso no gupfa kibarirwa mu minsi 14, mu kigererranyo kiri hagati y’iminsi 6 na 41.
In a study by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China, men had a death rate of 2.8% while women had a death rate of 1.7%.
Inyigo yakozwe na Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima (NHC) yo mu Bushinwa, abagabo bapfa ku kigero cya 2.8%, mu gihe abagore bo bapfa ku kigero cya 1,7%.
Histopathological examinations of post-mortem lung samples show diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates in both lungs.
Ibizamini byakorewe ku bantu bapfuye bazize indwara zo mu bihaha rigaragaza iyangirika ry’udufuka tw’ibihaha rirangwa n’amashyira mu bihahaha.
Viral cytopathic changes were observed in the pneumocytes.
Ibibazo byo mu buhumekero byagaragaje ko Virusi igenda ihinduka.
The lung picture resembled acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Ishusho y’ibihaha yasaga n’iyahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuhumekero(ARDS).
In 11.8% of the deaths reported by the National Health Commission of China, heart damage was noted by elevated levels of troponin or cardiac arrest.
Muri 11,8% by’abapfuye nkuko byatangajwe na Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima yo mu Bushinwa, hagaragaye kwifunga kw’imitsi cyangwa guhagarara k’umutima.
According to March data from the United States, 89% of those hospitalised had preexisting conditions.Availability of medical resources and the socioeconomics of a region may also affect mortality.
Amakuru yo muri Werurwe yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika avuga ko 89% by”abajyanywe mu bitaro bari basanganywe ibindi bibazo. Ibibazo bijyanye n’ubuzima ndetse n’ibishingiye ku mibereho myiza n’ubukungu nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare mu ipfa ry’abantu.
Estimates of the mortality from the condition vary because of those regional differences, but also because of methodological difficulties.
Imibare y’abahitanwa n’icyorezo igenda itandukana bitewe n’akarere, ariko nanone bitewe n’ibibazo bijyanye n’uburyo bukoreshwa.
The under-counting of mild cases can cause the mortality rate to be overestimated.
kutita ku mibare y’abafite ibimenyetso byoroheje bishobora kuzamura imibare y’abahitanwa n’icyorezo.
However, the fact that deaths are the result of cases contracted in the past can mean the current mortality rate is underestimated.
Gusa, kuba abantu benshi bapfa baba basanganywe ibindi bibazo bishobora gutuma ikigero cy’imfu kititabwaho.
Smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to require intensive care or die compared to non-smokers.Concerns have been raised about long-term sequelae of the disease.
Abanywi b’itabi bikubye inshuro 1,4 mu bagaragaje ibimenyetso bikomeye bya COVID-19 naho ababarirwa kuri 2,4 byabo bararemba cyangwa barapfa ugerereanyije n’abatarinywa. Havutse ikibazo ngaruka z’igihe kirekire ziterwa n’icyorezo ku bantu basnganywe inzindi ndwara
The Hong Kong Hospital Authority found a drop of 20% to 30% in lung capacity in some people who recovered from the disease, and lung scans suggested organ damage.
Ubuyobozi bw’ibitaro bya Hong Kong bwasanze amazi yifunze hamwe ku kigero kiri hagati ya 20% na 30% mu bihaha by’abantu bakize icyorezo, kandi amafoto yagaragajwe n’ibyuma byo kwa muganga yagaragaje ibihaha byangiritse.
This may also lead to post-intensive care syndrome following recovery.
Ibi bivuze kandi ko bakwiye gukomeza kwitabwaho nyuma yo gusohoka mu bitaro by’indembe.
As of March 2020, it was unknown if past infection provides effective and long-term immunity in people who recover from the disease.
Kugeza muri Werurwe 2020, ntibyari byakamenyekanye niba ubwandu bwaratumye abantu bakize icyorezo bagira ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwisumbuyeho bw’igihe kirekire.
Immunity is seen as likely, based on the behaviour of other coronaviruses, but cases in which recovery from COVID-19 have been followed by positive tests for coronavirus at a later date have been reported.
Bisa nkaho ubwo bwirinzi ariko bumeze, hashingiwe ku miterere y’izindi koronavirusi, gusa ariko hari hari abantu bagarayeho ubwandu bwa COVID-19 na none nyuma yo gutangazwa ko bakize koronavirusi.
These cases are believed to be worsening of a lingering infection rather than re-infection.
Aba bantu bikekwa ko bazahazwa n’uburwyi bwasigaye mu mibiri yabo kurenza ko bakwandura bwa kabiri.
The virus is thought to be natural and have an animal origin, through spillover infection.
Bikekwa ko indwara yaba itarakozwe kandi ikomoka ku nyamaswa, ibinyabuzima bikaba bishobora kuyanduzanya.
The actual origin is unknown, but by December 2019 the spread of infection was almost entirely driven by human-to-human transmission.
Inkomoko yayo nyirizina ntizwi, ariko kkugeza mu Kuboza 2019 indwara yakwirakwiraga umuntu ayanduje undi.
A study of the first 41 cases of confirmed COVID-19, published in January 2020 in The Lancet, revealed the earliest date of onset of symptoms as 1 December 2019.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku barwayi 41 ba COVID-19, bwatangajwe muri Mutarama 2020 muri Lancet, bwahishuye ibimenyetso yo by’indwara byatangiye kugaragara kuwa 1 Ukuboza 2019.
Official publications from the WHO reported the earliest onset of symptoms as 8 December 2019.
WHO yatangaje ku mugaragaro ko ibimenyetso by’indwara byatangiye kugaragara ku itariki ya 8 Ukuboza 2019.
Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Hafashwe ingamba nyinshi zo kubarura umubare w’imfu.
These numbers vary by region and over time and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak and population characteristics such as age, sex and overall health.
Iyi mibare igenda ihinduka bitewe n’akarere, igihe ndetse n’umubare w’ibipimo byafashwe, ubushobozi bw’inzego z’ubuzima, uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuvura, igihe icyorezo cyatangiriye kugaragara n’imiterere y’abaturage irimo imyaka bafite, igitsina ndetse n’ubuzima bwabo muri rusange.
In late 2019, WHO assigned the emergency ICD-10 disease codes U07.1 for deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and U07.2 for deaths from clinically or epidemiologically diagnosed COVID-19 without lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
Mu mpera za 2019, WHO yahaye icyorezo cya ICD-10 kode ya U07. 1 ku barwayi byemejwe na laboratwari ko bishwe na SARS-CoV-2 na kode ya U07.2 ku barwayi bagaragayeho COVID-19ariko bitemejwe na laboratwari ko banduye SARS-CoV-2. Ikigero cy’imfu kibarwa bafashe umubare w’abapfuye bakagabanya umubare w’abanduye mu gihe runaka.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) as of 17 April 2020.
Hashingiwe ku mibare itangazwa na kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins, ikigero k’imfu ku isi hose ni 6,9% (153,822/2,240,191) kugera kuwa 17 Mata 2020.
The number varies by region.Other measures include the case fatality rate (CFR), which reflects the percent of diagnosed individuals who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percent of infected individuals (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease.
Imibare igenda ihinduka bitewe n’agace. Izindi ngamba zirimo kubara Ikigero k’imfu (CFR), gihwanye n’ijanisha ry’abantu bagaragayeho ubwandu bicwa n’indwara, n’ikigero cy’abishwe n’ubwandu (IFR), gihwanye n’ijanisha ry’abantu bagaragayeho ubwandu (abapimwe n’abatapimwe) bahitanwa n’indwara.
These statistics are not time bound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution.
Iyi mibare ntishingiye ku gihe kandi ijyana n’abaturage runaka banduye hagendewe ku buryo bitaweho.
While not all infected people develop antibodies, the presence of antibodies may provide information about how many people have been infected.
Mu gihe abantu bose banduye badahita batangira gukora abasirikari b’umubiri, kugaragara kw’abo basirikari bishobora gutanga amakuru ku mubare w’abantu banduye.
In the epicentre of the outbreak in Italy, Castiglione d'Adda, a small village of 4600, 80 (1.7%) are already dead.
Mu izingiro Icyorezo kibasiye kikimara kugera mu Butaliyani, Castiglione d'Adda, agace gato gatuwe n’abaturage 4600, 80 (1.7%) bamaze gupfa.
In Gangelt, the disease was spread by Carnival festivals, and spread to younger people, causing a relatively lower mortality, and not all COVID-19 deaths may have been formally classified as such.
Muri Gangelt, icyorezo cyakwirakwijwe n’iminsi mikuru ya Carnival, cyandurwa n’abantu bakiri bato, bituma imfuzi ziba nke, ariko imfu zose za COVID-19 ntibyatangajwe ko ari uko zimeze.
Furthermore, the German health system has not been overwhelmed.
Uretse n’ibyo, inzego z’ubuzima zo mu Budage ntizacitse intege.
In the Netherlands, about 3% may have antibodies, as assessed from blood donors.
Mu Buholandi, abantu bagera kuri 3% bashobora kugira abasirikari b’ubwirinzi mu mubiri, nkuko byagaragaye mu batanga amaraso.
69 (0.004% of the population) have been confirmed to have died from COVID-19.
69 (0.004% by’abaturage) byatangajwe ko bahitanywe na COVID-19.
The impact of the pandemic and its mortality rate are different for men and women.
Ingaruka z’icyorezo n’ikigero k’imfu kiratandukanye ku bagabo n’abagore.
Mortality is higher in men in studies conducted in China and Italy.
Imibare y’abagabo bapfa iri hejuru ; nkuko ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Bushinwa no mu Butaliyani ibigaragaza.
The highest risk for men is in their 50s, with the gap between men and women closing only at 90.
Abagabo bar mu kigero k’imyaka 50 baba bafite ibyago byinshi, hakaba hari itandukaniro hagati y’abagabo n’abagore bari bageza imyaka 90 gusa.
In China, the death rate was 2.8 percent for men and 1.7 percent for women.
Mu Bushinwa, abagabo bapfaga ku kigero cya 2,8 ku ijana na 1,7 ku bagore.
The exact reasons for this sex-difference is not known, but genetic and behavioural factors could be a reason.
Ntihazwi impamvu zituma habaho itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina, ariko bishobora kuba biterwa n’imiterere y’umubiri n’imyitwarire yabo .
Sex-based immunological differences, lesser prevalence of smoking in women and men developing co-morbid conditions such as hypertension at a younger age than women could have contributed to the higher mortality in men.
Itandukaniro ry’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri riri hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, kuba abagore badakunze kunywa itabi cyane n’uburwayi bukunze kwibasira abagabo burimo ubwo gutera cyane k’umutima bakiri bato ugereranyije n’abagore bishobora kugira uruhare mu izamuka ry’imibare y’abagabo bapfa.
In Europe, 57% of the infected individuals were men and 72% of those died with COVID-19 were men.
Mu Burayi, 57% by’abantu banduye bari abagabo naho 72% by’abahitanywe na COVID -19 nabo bari abagabo.
As of April 2020, the US government is not tracking sex-related data of COVID-19 infections.
Kugera muri Mata 2020Guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ntiyari yagatangiye gukusanya amaku ashingiye ku gitsina ajyanye n’ubwandu bwa COVID-19.
Research has shown that viral illnesses like Ebola, HIV, influenza and SARS affect men and women differently.
Ubushakashatsi ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi nka Ebola, HIV, influenza na SARS zigira ingaruka ku bagabo n’abagore mu buryo butandukanye.
A higher percentage of health workers, particularly nurses, are women, and they have a higher chance of being exposed to the virus.
Umubare munini w’abaganga, by’umwihariko aforomo, ni abagore, kandi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi.
The World Health Organization announced on 11 February 2020 that the official name of the disease would be "COVID-19".
Kuwa 11 Gashyantare 2020 Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima ryatangaje ku mugaragaro ko izina ry icyorezo ari “COVID-19".
WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained that CO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease, and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified: 31 December 2019.
Umuyobozi wa WHO Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus yasobanuye ko CO ihagariye “corona”, VI virusi, D disease, naho 19 ikagaragaza igihe icyorezo cyagaragaye bwa mbere: 31 Ukuboza 2019.
The name had been chosen to avoid references to a specific geographical location (e.g. China), animal species or group of people, in line with international recommendations for naming aimed at preventing stigmatisation.The virus that causes COVID-19 is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Izina ryatoranyijwe mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko yakwitirirwa akarere runaka (Urugero Ubushinwa), ubwoko bw’inyamaswa cg itsinda ry’abantu, hakurikizwa amabwiriza mpuzamahanga ajyanye no kwita izina agamije kurwanya ipfobya cyangwa iteshagaciro.Virusi itera COVID-19 ni koronavirusi ya 2 itera ibibazo bikomeye mu myanya y’ubuhumekero (SARS-CoV-2).
The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.
WHO ikoresha kandi "virusi ya COVID-19 " na "virusi itera COVID-19" mu itumanaho ryo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi.
Both the disease and virus are commonly referred to as "coronavirus".
Yaba indwara ndetse na virusi byombi byitwa "koronavirusi".
During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus".
Ikigera i Wuhan, mu Bushinwa, virusi ndetse n’indwara byombi byitwaga "koronavirusi "na" koronavirusi ya Wuhan ".
In January 2020, WHO recommended 2019-nCov and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease in accordance with 2015 guidance against using locations in disease and virus names.
Muri Mutarama 2020, WHO yatangaje 2019-nCov na 2019-nCoV nk’amazina y’agateganyo ya virusi n’indwara mu rwego rwo kubahiriza yo muri 2015 arwanya ikoreshwa ry’amazina y’ahantu mu mazina ya virusi n’indwara.
The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued on 11 February 2020.
Amazina yemewe ari yo COVID-19 na SARS-CoV-2 yatangajwe kuwa 11 Gashyantare 2020.
Due to capacity limitations in the standard supply chains, some digital manufacturers are printing healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.
Kubera ubushobozi buke bwo guhaza isoko, inganda zimwe z’ikoranabuhanga gusohora ibikoresho by’ubuzima nk’udukoresho bakoresha bafata ibizamini byo mu mazuru, n’ibyuma byongera umwuka.
In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup reverse-engineered and printed the required 100 valves overnight.
Urugero rrumwe, igihe ibitaro byo mu Butaliyani byakeneye ku buryo bwihuse utwuma tuyobora umwuka, hanyuma uwatubagezagaho ananirwa kubahiriza igihe, uruganda rwo muri ako gace ruhita rukora utwuma 100 twari dukenewe mu ijoro rimwe .
After the initial outbreak of COVID-19, conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation emerged regarding the origin, scale, prevention, treatment and other aspects of the disease and rapidly spread online.
Nyuma yuko umuntu wa mbere agaragayeho COVID-19, ibihuha, amakuru ayobya, amakuru atariyo ajyanye naho yaturutse, byatangiye, uko ikura, kuyirinda, uko wayivura n’ibindi bijyanye n’indwara byatangiye kuvugwa ndetse binakwirakwira byihuse kuri za interineti .
Humans appear to be capable of spreading the virus to some other animals.
Abantu bashobora kwanduza izindi inyamaswa virusi.
The study failed to find evidence of viral replication in pigs, ducks, and chickens.
Ubushakashatsi bwananiwe kugaragaza by’iyororoka rya virusi mu ngurube, ibishuhe ndetse n’inkoko.
No medications or vaccine is approved to treat the disease.
Nta muti cyangwa urukingo biremezwa ko bivura indwara.
International research on vaccines and medicines in COVID-19 are underway by government organisations, academic groups and industry researchers.
Hari ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ku nkingo n’imiti bya COVID-19 burimo gukarwa n’ibigo bya leta, amatsinda y’abarimu n’abashakashatsi mu by’inganda.
In March, the World Health Organization initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Muri Werurwe, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima ryatangije ikitwa "SOLIDARITY Trial" mu rwego rwo gusuzuma ingaruka z’imiti ine isanzwe ihari bikekwa ko ishobora kuvura iki cyorezo.
There is no available vaccine, but various agencies are actively developing vaccine candidates.
Nta rukingo ruhari, ariko ibigo bitandukanye birimo kugerageza inkingo zitandukanye.
Previous work on SARS-CoV is being utilised because SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 both use the ACE2 receptor to enter human cells.
Harimo gukoreshwa ubushakashatsi bwabanje kuri SARS-CoV SARS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2 kubera ko zombi zikoresha ACE2 receptor mu kwinjira mu turemangingo tw’umubiri w’umuntu.
There are three vaccination strategies being investigated.
Hari uburyo butatu bwo gukingira burimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.
First, researchers aim to build a whole virus vaccine.
Ubwa mbere,abashakashatsi barashaka gukora urukingo rwose rwa virusi.
The use of such a virus, be it inactive or dead, aims to elicit a prompt immune response of the human body to a new infection with COVID-19.
Gukoresha iyi virusi, yaba idakora cyangwa yarapfuye,bigamije gukangura ubwirinzi bw’umubiri w’umuntu bukamenya ko hari ubwandu bushya bwa COVID-19.
A second strategy, subunit vaccines, aims to create a vaccine that sensitises the immune system to certain subunits of the virus.
Ingamba ya kabiri ni ugukoresha uduce duto tw’urukingo, ubu buryo bugamije gukora urukingo rutuma ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bumenya ko hari uduce duto twa virusi duhari.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, such research focuses on the S-spike protein that helps the virus intrude the ACE2 enzyme receptor.
Ku birebana na SARS-CoV-2, ubwo bushakashatsi bwibanda ku kinure kimeze nk’ihembe gifasha virusi kwinjiza ibigize ACE2.
A third strategy is that of the nucleic acid vaccines (DNA or RNA vaccines, a novel technique for creating a vaccination).
Uburyo bwa gatatu ni ubishingiye ku turemangingo (DNA cyangwa RNA, uburyo bushya bwo gukora urukingo).
Experimental vaccines from any of these strategies would have to be tested for safety and efficacy.On 16 March 2020, the first clinical trial of a vaccine started with four volunteers in Seattle.
Inkingo z’ubu bwoko zirimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi zigomba gupimwa ubuziranenge n’ubushobozi. Ku itariki ya 16 Werurwe 2020, abakorerabushake bane bo muri Seattle batangiye kugerageza urukingo.
The vaccine contains a harmless genetic code copied from the virus that causes the disease.Antibody dependent enhancement has been suggested as a potential challenge for vaccine development for SARS-COV-2, but this is controversial.
Urukingo rufite uturemangingo twakuwe muri virusi ishobora gutera indwara. Hatanzwe igitekerezo cyo kongera abasirikari b’umubiri nk’uburyo bwiza bwo gukora urukingo rwa SARS-COV-2, ariko haracyarimo ikibazo.
There are more than 300 active clinical trials underway as of April 2020.
Kugeza muri Mata 2020 harimo gukorwa ubushakashatsi ku rukingo burenga 300.
Seven trials were evaluating already approved treatments for malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine.
Amageragezwa arindwi yakorewe ku miti isanzwe yemewe mu kuvura Malaria, harimo ine ya “hydroxychloroquine” cyangwa “chloroquine ”.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with nine phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Ubushakashatsi bwo mu Bushinwa burimo kwibanda cyane ku miti isanzwe ivura indwara ziterwa na virusi, hakorwa igeragezwa mu byiciro III inshuro ikenda ku muti witwa “remdesivir”, mu bihugu byinshi bitandukanye bitewe na raporo igomba gusohoka bitarenze impera za Mata.
A dynamic review of clinical development for COVID-19 vaccine and drug candidates was in place, as of April 2020.Several existing antiviral medications are being evaluated for treatment of COVID-19, including remdesivir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon beta.
Kugera muri Mata 2020, hariho igenzura rihoraho ry’igerageza ry’imiti ya COVID-19. Imiti myinshi isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi irimo gusuzumwa ngo harebwe niba ishobora kuvura COVID-19, iyo miti irimo nka remdesivir, chloroquine na hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir na lopinavir/ritonavir ivanze na interferon beta.
There is tentative evidence for efficacy by remdesivir, as of March 2020.
Kugera muri Mata 2020, hari ibimenyetso bigenda bigaragaza ko remdesivir ifite ubushobozi.
Clinical improvement was observed in patients treated with compassionate-use remdesivir.
Abarwayi bavuwe hakoreshejwe remdesivir bagaragaje impimduka.
Phase III clinical trials are being conducted in the US, China and Italy.Chloroquine, previously used to treat malaria, was studied in China in February 2020, with preliminary results.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Canada no mu Butaliyani harimo gukorwa igerageza ryo ku kiciro cya III. Chloroquine, yakoreshwaga ubundi mu kuvura Malaria, yakozweho inyigo muri Gashyantare 2020, haboneka ibisubizo by’ibanze .
However, there are calls for peer review of the research.
Nyamara, abantu barahamagarrwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi nkubwo.
Korean and Chinese Health Authorities recommend the use of chloroquine.
Inzego z’ubuzima za Koreya n’Ubushinwa zigira abantu inama yo gukoresha chloroquine.
However, the Wuhan Institute of Virology, while recommending a daily dose of one gram, notes that twice that dose is highly dangerous and could be lethal.
Gusa, Ikigo gishinzwe ibijyanye n’indwara za vurusi cya Wuhan, mu gihe gitanga inama yo gukoresha igarama imwe ku munsi, igaragaza ko iyo iyi ngano yikubye kabiri hashobora kuvuka ibibazo bikomeye birmo n’urupfu.
On 28 March 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorisation for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine at the discretion of physicians treating people with COVID-19.The Chinese 7th edition guidelines also include interferon, ribavirin or umifenovir for use against COVID-19.
Kuwa 28 Werurwe 2020, FDA yemereye by’agateganyo abaganga bavura abarwayi ba COVID-19 gukoresha mu ibanga hydroxychloroquine na chloroquine. Mu mabwiriza y’ikiciro cya 7 arimo ikoreshwa rya interferon, ribavirin cyangwa umifenovir mu guhangana na COVID-19.
Preliminary data indicate that high doses of ribavirin are necessary to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Amakuru y’ibanze avuga ko hakenewe ingano nini ya ribavirin mu guhangana na SARS-CoV-2 itarinjira mu kinyabuzima.
Nitazoxanide has been recommended for further in vivo study after demonstrating low concentration inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.Studies have demonstrated that initial spike protein priming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
Nitazoxanide nayo ishobora gukoreshwa kuri virusi yinjiye mu mubiri nyuma irimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi nyuma yo gusangamo ingano nke ya SARS-CoV-2. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko haba hakenewe ikinure cya mbere gikoresha uburyo bwo kwinjiza uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa 2 (TMPRSS2) kugira ngo SARS-CoV-2 yinjire inyuze muri ACE2 receptor.
The studies of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin have major limitations that have prevented the medical community from embracing these therapies without further study.Oseltamivir does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and has no known role in COVID-19 treatment.
Inyigo kuri chloroquine na hydroxychloroquine iri cyangwa itari kumwe na azithromycin yagaragaje ibintu bikomeye bibuza abaganga gukoresha iyi miti hatabanje gukorwa ubundi bushakashatsi. Oseltamivir ntiyirukana SARS-CoV-2 itarinjira mu mubiri nta n’uruhare ruzwi igira mu kuvura COVID-19.
Cytokine storm can be a complication in the later stages of severe COVID-19.
Cytokine ishobora guteza ibibazo mu gihe COVID-19 yyatangiye gukara.
There is evidence that hydroxychloroquine may have anti-cytokine storm properties.Tocilizumab has been included in treatment guidelines by China's National Health Commission after a small study was completed.
Hari ibintu bigaragaza ko hydroxychloroquine ishobora kurwaya cytokine. Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima yo mu Bushinwa yashyize Tocilizumab mu miti ishobora gukoreshwa nyuma y’inyigo nto yakoze.
It is undergoing a phase 2 non randomised test at the national level in Italy after showing positive results in people with severe disease.
Mu Butaliyani harimo gukorwa isuzuma ryo mu rwego rwa 2 aho harimo gukorwa igerageza ku rwego rw’igihugu nyuma yo kubona ibisubizo byiza ku bantu barembejwe n’uburwayi .
Combined with a serum ferritin blood test to identify cytokine storms, it is meant to counter such developments, which are thought to be the cause of death in some affected people.
Hamwe n’iipimwe ry’amaraso y’ifuku mu kugaragaza sitokini, hagamijwe kureba uko bigenda bikura, hakaba hakekwa ko ari yo mpamvu y’imfu zimwe na zimwe.
The interleukin-6 receptor antagonist was approved by the FDA based on retrospective case studies for treatment of steroid refractory cytokine release syndrome induced by a different cause, CAR T cell therapy, in 2017.
Muri 2017, FDA yemeje ikoreshwa ry’ uturemangingo two mu maraso bita interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tubuza indwara kwinjira hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buvuzi bw’indwara ya steroid yatewe n’indi mpamvu, bise kuvura hakoreshejwe uturemangingo twa CAR T .
To date, there is no randomised, controlled evidence that tocilizumab is an efficacious treatment for CRS.
Kugeza uyu munsi, nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko tocilizumab ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvuraCRS.
Transferring purified and concentrated antibodies produced by the immune systems of those who have recovered from COVID-19 to people who need them is being investigated as a non-vaccine method of passive immunisation.
Harimo gukorwa ubushakashatsi bujyanye no guha abasirikari b’umubiri basukuye kandi besnhi bakozwe n’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bw’abantu bakize COVID -19 abantu babakeneye nk’uburyo budakoresheje urukingo bw’ abasirkari b’umubiri bakuwe mu wundi muntu.
This strategy was tried for SARS with inconclusive results.
Ubu buryo bwageragerejwe kuri SARS ariko ntibwatanga umusaruro.
Viral neutralisation is the anticipated mechanism of action by which passive antibody therapy can mediate defence against SARS-CoV-2.
Uburyo bwo guca intege virusi ni uburyo bwatekerejwe mbere aho abasirkari b’umubiri bakuwe mu wundi muntu bashobora guhuza imbaraga mu guhangana na SARS-CoV-2.
Other mechanisms however, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and/or phagocytosis, may be possible.
Hari nyamara ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa, nko kwagura cyangwa se kongera abasirikare b’umubiri.
Other forms of passive antibody therapy, for example, using manufactured monoclonal antibodies, are in development.
Hari ubundi buryo burimo gukorwaho bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe abasirkari b’umubiri bakuwe mu wundi muntu, urugero nko gukoresha abasirikare bakorewe muri laboratwari.
Production of convalescent serum, which consists of the liquid portion of the blood from recovered patients and contains antibodies specific to this virus, could be increased for quicker deployment.
Hakwiye kongerwa uburyo bwo guha abantu amaraso, uburyo bwo gufata amaraso yavuye mu bantu bakize kandi arimo abasirikari bagenewe kurwanya virusi, kugira ngo bagera vuba mu mubiri.
Coronavirus diseases, a group of closely related syndromes
Indwara za koronavirusi, itsinda ry’indwara zifite ibimenyetso byenda gusa.
Li Wenliang, a doctor at Central Hospital of Wuhan, who later contracted and died of COVID-19 after raising awareness of the spread of the virus.
Li Wenliang, umuganga ku bitaro bya Central Hospital of Wuhan, yaje kwandura no guhitanwa na COVID-19 nyuma yo gutangaza ko hadutse indwara ya virusi.