atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
ugereranyije hashize igihe kingana iki ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
kandi ububabare bwo mu gatuza bushobora kuvurwa kuri ubu buryo cyane cyane ku myaka ugezemo
and along with a fever
hamwe no kugira umuriro
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
kandi ukeneye gupimwa umuvuduko uterwa na koresitorore iri mu maraso
and are you having a fever now?
waba ufite kandi umuriro aka kanya?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
waba unafite kandi kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira ku birebana n’ububabare wumva mu gatuza
and are you having a runny nose?
waba kandi ufite ibicurane bihoboba?
and are you having this chest pain now?
waba kandi urimo wumva ububabare mu gatuza aka kanya?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
waba kandi hejuru y’ibyo ufite ingorane zo guhumeka
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
ushobora kandi kumbwira ibindi bimenyetso ugaragaza hamwe n’ibi?
and does this pain move from your chest?
ubwo bubabare bwaba kandi bwimuka bukava mu gatuza kawe?
and drink lots of fluids
kandi unywa ibinyobwa byinshi
and how high has your fever been
ese kandi umuriro ufite ungana ute
and i have a cough too
kandi mfite n’inkorora
and i have a little cold and a cough
kandi mfite ka giripe n’inkorora
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
kandi mu by’ukuri mfite ububabare bumeze nabi mu gatuza
and is this the right time for your hay fever
kandi iki ni igihe nyacyo ufatwa n’ibicurane bihoboba uterwa n’ivumbi n’ibituma biva mu bimera
and it get the chest pain
kandi bigutera ububabare mu gatuza
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
kandi ndatekereza ko mfite umuriro muke
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
kandi ndashaka ko usobanura neza aho wumva ububabare buherereye mu gatuza
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
kandi hari ukuntu agaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyo
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
mbwira kandi ibimenyetso ugaragaza aka kanya?
and they're having some fevers as well
kandi na bo bafite n’umuriro muke
and with your history of diabetes
hamwe kandi n’uburwayi bwa diyabete
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
kandi urabizi numva agatuza kange gasa nk’aho kagiye gushwanyuka
and you know people cough on me all the time
kandi urabizi abantu bankororeraho igihe cyose
and you're having chest pain
kandi urababara mu gatuza
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
kandi ibimenyetso ugaragaza ntaho bijya mu minsi itanu
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
kandi wavuze ko ibi bigutuga mu gatuza
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
hari umuntu mu muryango wanyu waba afite ikibazo cy’umutima urwaye umutima ufatwa n’umutima koresitorore iri hejuru umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
ibindi bimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose cyangwa ibibazo ubona by’ububabare mu mitsi?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
hari ububabare bukomeye waba wumva mu ruhande rw’ibumoso mu gatuza kawe?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
hari abandi bantu baba barwaye nkawe mu rugo bagaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyo?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
waba wumva ufite ingorane zo guhumeka kano kanya
are you having any other symptoms?
waba hari ibindi bimenyetso ugaragaza?
are you having any shortness of breath?
waba wumva umwuka urimo ukubana muke?
are you still having the chest pain
waba ugikomeza kumva ububabare mu gatuza
because this is flu season
kubera ko iki ni igihe abantu barwara giripe
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
uretse diyabete hari ibindi bibazo ufite cyangwa indwara zindi zikomeye?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
ariko kandi ntidushobora no kwirengagiza ububabare bwo mu gatuza bukomoka ku ndwara y’umutima
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
ariko ikibazo k’ingenzi kuruta ibindi aka kanya ni ububabare bwo mu gatuza
but if you have the cough
ariko niba ufite inkorora
but i have difficulty breathing
ariko mfite ingorane zo guhumeka
but i know lot of people cough on me
ariko nzi ko abantu benshi bankororeho
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
ariko dukeneye kuvura buri bwoko bw’ububabare bwo mu gatuza nta kujenjeka na buhoro
but you're breathing all right right now right?
ariko urimo urahumeka neza kano kanya?
'cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
'kuko ubu bubabare bwo mu gatuza nabwibagiwe bwose uko bwakabaye
'cause they're having a cough
'kuko bafite inkorora
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
waba wumva ari nk’aho umuntu agutsindagira mu gatuza
do still feel like shortness of breath
urakomeza kumva ari nk’aho umwuka urimo ukubana muke
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
mbese binubira kuba barwaye bagaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyo?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
waba ufite ikibazo cy’umuvuduko w’amaraso uko ubizi?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
waba ufite indi ndwara yakubayeho akarande nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso cyangwa indi ndwara isa n’iyo?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
waba ufite ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima biterwa n’indwara yakubayeho karande nka diyabete?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
hari ubwo umwuka waba ukubana muke hamwe n’ubwo bubabare bwo mu gatuza?
do you have high blood pressure?
waba ugira umuvuduko w’amaraso?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
umwuka waba ukubana muke bikajyana n’ibyo?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
waba uzi ibimenyetso yagaragazaga?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
bene wanyu baba bagaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyawe
do you see the image?
mbese urabona ishusho?
drink plenty of fluids today
nywa ibintu byinshi uyu munsi
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
ufite inkorora itagira igikororwa giripe n’ibicurane bihoboba kuruka guhitwa
however i take tests for the diabetes
ariko mfata ibipimo bya diyabete
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
nyamara afite ibimenyetso bisa neza n’ibyange
how high is your fever?
umuriro wawe ungana ute?
how' s your blood pressure?
umuvuduko wawe w’amaraso umeze ute?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
sintekereza ko mfite umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
ndumva ububabare mu gatuza hano ku gice k’imbere cy’agatuza
if you continue to have high fevers
nukomeza kugira umuriro mwinshi
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
niba ufite umuriro ungana n’ibipimo mirongo itatu n’umunani n’ibice umunani cyangwa kuzamura
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
niba utekereza ko ibimenyetso ugaragaza n’ibibazo ufite byemeza ko ufite isura nziza
i got a fever yesterday
ejo nagize umuriro
i got a slight fever too
nagize umuriro muke nange
i had a fever yesterday
ejo nari mfite umuriro
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
nagize ububabare bwinshi bw’akanya gato mu gatuza
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
mfite ububabare bwinshi hano mu gatuza
i have hay fever though too
mfite umuriro natewe n’ivumbi n’ibituma biva mu byatsi
i have made on the body around the chest area?
nakoze ku mubiri ahegereye agatuza?
i have some difficulty breathing too
mfite nange ingorane zo guhumeka
i'll send you an image
‘nzakoherereza ishusho
i'm having some chest pain today
uyu munsi mfite ububabare bwo mu gatuza
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
uyu munsi ndwaye gusa umutwe nkagira n’umuriro
in my opinion it is flu
uko mbitekereza ni giripe
in my opinion this is a little flu
uko ntekereza ni giripe yoroheje
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ndabubona bugenda buva hagati mu gatuza buzamuka mu muhogo
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
ni nk’aho umuntu uremereye cyane anyicaye mu gatuza?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
byose byatangiye ndwaye umutwe kandi mpinda n’umuriro icyarimwe
it hurts in the chest
ndababara mu gatuza
it hurts in the middle of my chest
ndababara hagati mu gatuza
it is a pressure like chest pain
biratuga bikamera nk’ububabare bwo mu gatuza
it is in my chest
ni mu gatuza kange
it is in the center of my chest
ni hagati mu gatuza kange
it is in the center of the chest
ni hagati mu gatuza kange
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
bibera neza mo hagati mu gatuza kange
it is right in the center of my chest
ni hagati neza mu gatuza kange
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
bivuga nk’aho waba ufite akarima kavanze k’ibicurane cyangwa ka giripe
i've got pain in my chest
mfite ububabare mu gatuza kange
i've very concerned of this chest pain
mfite amakenga menshi y’ubu bubabare bwo mu gatuza
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
ndashaka ko umbwira ukansobanurira ubu bubabare bwo mu gatuza
i will send you an image
nzakoherereza ishusho
i will send you an image on your screen
nzakoherereza ishusho kuri ekara yawe
like high blood pressure or diabetes
nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso wo hejuru cyangwa diyabete
like right in the center of the chest
nko hagati neza mu gatuza
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
kenshi ni bene ubu bwoko bw’ububabare bwo mu gatuza
my sister has similar symptoms
mushiki wange agaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyo
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
ubu ugize umuriro wanyunguta parasitamoro iryohereye
now i send you an image
aka kanya ndakoherereza ishusho
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
mary ubu umaze iminsi ingahe ugaragaza ibimenyetso
now you said you have a chest pain
ubu wavuze ko ufite ububabare mu gatuza
occasionally i have some chest pain
rimwe na rimwe mbabara mu gatuza
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
sawa haba hari ibimenyetso bindi urimo ugaragaza hamwe n’ibi uretse gusa ububabare
or if you have high blood pressure
cyangwa niba ufite umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
or somebody sitting on your chest?
cyangwa wumva ari umuntu ukwicaye ku gatuza?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
wagira ngo neza ni kimwe hamwe n’umuriro n’inkorora umutwe n’ububabare mu mitsi
right in the middle of my chest
mo hagati neza mu gatuza
show me on this image where you feel the pain
nyereka kuri iyi shusho aho wumva ububabare
since you have a fever
kuva uhinda umuriro
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
bityo rero utekereza ko bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba hari aho bihuriye no kuba utwite?
so your chest pain started this morning
bityo rero ububabare bwawe bwo mu gatuza bwatangiye muri iki gitondo
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
bityo rero abana bawe bafite bimwe mu bimenyetso bisa nk’ibyo?
tell me about your chest pain
mbwira ku birebana no ku bubabare bwawe bwo mu gatuza
the fever increases at night
umuriro wiyongera nijoro
the fever i've had for the last two days
umuriro nagize mu minsi ibiri ishize
the fever started to increase last night
umuriro watangiye kwiyongera mu ijoro rishize
the fever started two days ago
umuriro watangiye mu minsi ibiri ishize
the muscle pains with the hay fever
ububabare bwo mu mitsi hamwe na giripe natewe n’ivumbi n’ibituma biva mu bimera
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
uyu ni muganga porter ukora mu kigo bahitamo abarembye bajyanwa mu cyumba k’indembe
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
ni byo ushobora kumbwira mu magambo arambuye kurushaho ibirebana n’ububabare bwawe bwo mu gatuza?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
ni byo uko mbitekereza ni giripe yoroheje
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
ni byo numva ububabare imbere ku mubiri wange aha mu gatuza
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
ni byo maranye igihe ububabare bukomeye mu gatuza
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
nibyo madamu mpereye ku byo numvise ku birebana n’ibimenyetso ugaragaza byumvikana nk’aho ufite imwe muri za virusi zitera giripe
well when i have that pain in my chest
ni byo iyo mfite ubwo bubabare mu gatuza
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ububabare ufite mu gatuza kawe?
when this chest pain started?
ubu bubabare bwo mu gatuza bwatangiye ryari?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
nihe ufite ububabare mu gatuza?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
ni hehe wumvira ubu babare bwo mu gatuza bwihishe mu gatuza t
you are probably having chest pain
birashoboka ko ufite ububabare mu gatuza
you feel like tightness on your chest
wumva ari nk’aho mu gatuza kawe hafatanye
you know i got diabetes and stuff
uziko ndwaye diyabete n’ibindi
you said you're having this chest pain
wavuze yuko urimo wumva ubwo bubabare mu gatuza
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
Imibare rusange y’abanduye indwara ya koronavirusi (COVID-19) yagiye yiyongera vuba mu bihugu by’Umuryango w'Ibihugu by'Uburayi/Akarere k’ubukungu bw’Uburayi no mu Bwongereza, kuva ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama kugera kuri 15 Werurwe 2020
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
Imibare rusange y’abanduye indwara ya koronavirusi (COVID-19) iteye kimwe mu bihugu by’Umuryango w'Ibihugu by'Uburayi/Akarere k’ubukungu bw’Uburayi no mu Bwongereza bikaba byerekana ko, nubwo igeze ku rwego rutandukanye bitewe n’igihugu, icyorezo cya COVID-19 kiri gukwirakwira vuba mu bihugu byose.
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
Hashingiwe ku byabaye mu Butaliyani, ibihugu, ibitaro n’ahavurirwa indembe bigomba kurushaho kwitegura kwakira umubare munini w’abarwaye COVID-19 bazasabwa kwitabwaho, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kwita ku barwayi barembye.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Ku itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2019, mu mujyi wa Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa habonetse abantu barwaye umusonga watewe n’ikintu kitazwi.
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Ku itariki ya 9 Mutarama 2020, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara mu Bushinwa cyatangaje ko watewe na koronavirusi nshya ubu izwi nka koronavirusi ya 2 itera indwara yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ikaze cyane (SARS-CoV-2).
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Kuva ubwo, indwara iterwa no kwandura SARS-CoV-2 yitwa indwara ya koronavirusi (COVID-19).
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
Kugeza ubu ibimenyetso byerekana ko nka 80% by’abantu banduye COVID-19 bagira uburwayi bworoheje, ni ukuvuga uburwayi bwo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero bujyana cyangwa ntibujyane n’umusonga, kandi benshi muri bo barakira.
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
Mu barwayi bagera kuri 14%, usanga COVID-19 ivamo indwara ikaze cyane isaba kujyanwa mu bitaro mu gihe mu barwayi basigaye bangana na 6% baremba bigasaba kwitabwaho mu byumba by’indembe.
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
Umubare w’abarwayi bapfa bari mu bitaro bishwe na COVID-19 ni nka 4%.
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
Muri ubu bushakashatsi, turasuzuma uko imibare rusange y’abanduye COVID-19 ihagaze muri buri gihugu cyo mu Muryango w'Ibihugu by'Uburayi/Akarere k’ubukungu bw’Uburayi (EU/EEA) no mu Bwongereza (UK) maze tuyigereranye n’iyo mu Ntara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa.
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
Turanagereranya umubare w’abarwaye COVID-19 muri iki gihe mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK n’uwo mu Butaliyani kuva kuri 31 Mutarama kugera kuri 15 Werurwe 2020.
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Abarwaye COVID-19 mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
Nyuma y’Ubushinwa, COVID-19 yakomeje gukwirakwira mu bindi bihugu kandi usanga uko iki cyorezo cya COVID-19 gikwirakwira ahandi ku isi bigenda kimwe no muri iki gihugu.
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Kuri 11 Werurwe 2020, Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) yatangaje ko COVID-19 ari icyorezo.
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
Mu nomero ya Eurosurveillance 2020 yo ku wa 5 Werurwe, Spiteri na bagenzi be batangaje imibare y’abarwayi ba mbere bemejwe ko barwaye COVID-19 i Burayi hakurikijwe igisobanuro cy’umurwayi cya OMS.
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Muri EU/EEA, abarwayi batatu ba mbere bemejwe ko banduye bagaragajwe n’Ubufaransa kuri 24 Mutarama 2020 mu bantu bari bavuye muri Wuhan, Intara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa.
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
Kuva kuri 15 Werurwe 2020, mu bihugu 30 byose bigize 30 EU/EEA no mu Bwongereza (UK) hari hatahuwe abarwaye COVID-19, ku buryo hagati y’iyi tariki na 31 Ukuboza 2019, hari hamaze kugaragara abarwayi 39 768 n’abapfuye 1 727, muri bo abarwayi 17 750 n’abapfuye 1 441 ari abo mu Butaliyani gusa.
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
Kubona umubare rusange w’abarwaye COVID-19 n’uko ikwirakirwa muri rusange
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
Mu Kigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara mu Burayi (ECDC), imibare y’abarwaye COVID-19 itangazwa hakurikijwe buri gihugu ku isi, yatanzwe n’ahantu hizewe gusa nka Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, inzego z’ubuzima ku rwego rw’igihugu n’akarere na OMS, igenda ivugururwa buri munsi saa 8:00.
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
Aya makuru yakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma uko imibare y’abarwaye COVID-19 ihagaze muri EU/EEA na UK, no mu kuyigereranya n’iyo mu Butaliyani.
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
Mu rwego rwo kugaragaza uko imibare y’abakirwaye COVID-19 ihagaze, twateranyije imibare y’abanduye COVID-19 mu minsi 14, bityo twibanda ku buryo COVID-19 igenda yandura bisanzwe, muri buri gihugu kigize EU/EEA no muri UK, kuva kuri 1 Mutarama kugera kuri 15 Werurwe 2020.
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Twanagaragaje imibare y’abarwayi buri gihugu cyagaragaje kuva kuri 15 Werurwe 2020 saa 8:00 tugereranyije n’iy’Ubutaliyani hagati ya 31 Mutarama na 15 Werurwe 2020.
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Uko imibare y’abarwaye COVID-19 ihagaze mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
Muri rusange usanga uko imibare rusange y’abanduye COVID-19 mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK yari ihagaze mu gihe cy’iminsi 14 bimeze kimwe n’iyo mu Ntara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa (Igishushanyo cya 1).
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
Muri rusange muri EU/EEA na UK, imibare y’abanduye COVID-19 yatangiye kuzamuka nko kuri 21 Gashyantare noneho izamuka bikabije nko kuri 28 Gashyantare 2020 (Inyandiko y’inyongera).
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
Ibi byatewe cyane cyane n’izamuka rikabije ry’umubare w’abarwayi bagaragajwe mu Butaliyani, ariko no mu bindi bihugu byose bigize EU/EEA na UK hagaragaye izamuka ry’imibare y’abanduye COVID-19 (Inyandiko y’inyongera).
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Igishushanyo cya 2 kirerekana ikigereranyo cy’imibare y’abarwaye COVID-19, mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK n’iyo mu Butaliyani kuva kuri 31 Mutarama kugera kuri 15 Werurwe 2020.
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
Cyerekana ko, kuri 15 Werurwe 8:00, ibindi bihugu 15 bigize EU/EEA na UK byari byamaze kugaragaza umubare wose w’abarwaye ungana n’uwo Ubutaliyani mu byumweru 3 mbere y’aho cyangwa uri munsi yawo.
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Imyanzuro twagezeho yerekana ko umubare w’abagaragajwe ko banduye COVID-19 uzamuka vuba muri EU/EEA na UK.
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
Imihindagurikire y’imibare rusange y’abanduye COVID-19 yerekana ko iki cyorezo kiri gukwirakwira ku muvuduko ungana mu bihugu byose.
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
Ibi bikaba ari ko bimeze nubwo ibihugu biba bigeze ku bipimo bitandukanye, ingamba bifata mu rwego rw’ubuzima zikaba zihindagurika, n’ibisobanuro by’abanduye bikaba bishobora gutandukana mu bihugu ndetse hakabaho porotokore zitandukanye mu gutoranya abarwayi bagomba gupimwa kugira ngo hemezwe ko barwaye COVID-19, harimo no gupima abatarabashije gupimwa.
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
Mu ntangiriro za Werurwe 2020, abaganga bo mu turere twibasiwe mu Butaliyani basobanuye ko abarwaye COVID-19 bagera ku 10% bari bakeneye kwitabwaho mu byumba by’indembe n’ibinyamakuru bitangaza ko ibitaro n’ahavurirwa indembe byo muri utwo turere byari byamaze kwakira umubare bidashobora kurenza.
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
Amakuru ku barwaye COVID-19 bashyizwe mu bitaro cyangwa ahavurirwa indembe ubu aboneka ku rwego rwa EU/EEA ubu ni 6% na 1% by’abarwayi gusa (amakuru ntagaragazwa).
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
Nyamara, agomba gukusanywa mu buryo bunonosoye kugira ngo yunganire amakuru ku barwayi bakurikiranwa muri iki gihe yibanda ku mubare w’abarwayi bagaragajwe n’umubare w’abapfuye.
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2010–11 bwerekanye ko ibyumba byakira indembe n’ibyumba byakira abarwayi batarembye cyane biboneka ku buryo butandukanye i Burayi, kuva ku bitanda 29,2 mu Budage kugera kuri 4,2 ku bantu 100 000 muri Poritigali.
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
Ibi bivuze ko ibihugu bishobora kuba bifite ibikoresho byinshi cyangwa bikeya kurusha mu Butaliyani (bari bafite ibitanda byakira indembe n’abatarembye 12,5 ku bantu 100 000 mu 2010–11).
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
Mu nyandiko ya gatandatu ikubiyemo amakuru mashya y’isuzuma ryihuse ry’ibibazo ECDC yakoze kuri COVID-19, hagaragaramo ingero zerekana imibare y’abarwayi irenze ubushobozi bwo kubitaho, ziherekejwe n’ikigereranyo kuri buri gihugu kigize EU/EEA na UK cy’abarwaye COVID-19 bari mu bitaro hamwe n’ikigero cya 90% cy’imibare yabo yarenga ibitanda biri ahavurirwa indembe.
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
Kubera ko kugeza ubu uturere tumwe na tumwe two mu bihugu bigize EU/EEA na UK ari two dukunze kugaragaramo abarwayi benshi, kandi ibitaro n’ahavurirwa indembe usanga ubusanzwe byakira abantu bavuye mu karere kihariye, amakuru yerekeye abarwayi n’ibitanda by’indembe akwiye kuboneka ku rwego rw’ibarurishamibare ry’uturere 2 (NUTS-2).
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Urugero rw’Ubutaliyani n’uko ibintu bihagaze mu bindi bihugu byerekana ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 kiri gukwirakwira vuba muri EU/EEA na UK.
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
Bityo, ibihugu, ibitaro n’ahavurirwa indembe bigomba kwitegura guhangana n’ubwandu bwa SARS-CoV-2 buzakomeza mu baturage n’izamuka ry’umubare w’abarwaye COVID-19 basaba kwitabwaho, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no kwita ku barwayi barembye, nk’uko biri kugenda mu turere twibasiwe mu Butaliyani.
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
Nk’uko byavuzwe mu isuzuma ry’ibibazo ryihuse riheruka gukorwa na ECDC, ni ngombwa gukoresha uburyo rusange bwihuse kandi bukoreshwa hakiri kare mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwira rya SARS-COV-2, bityo uburyo bwo gukumira bugasimbura guma mu rugo, kubera ko izamuka ryitezwe ry’umubare w’abarwayi rishobora gutuma abafata ibyemezo n’abashinzwe ibitaro batabona umwanya uhagije wo gusesengura, kumvikana ku ngamba bagomba gufata no kuzikoresha bikwiye ziramutse zidafashwe hakiri kare.
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Isuzuma ryihuse ry’ibibazo rinerekana ingamba z’ubuzima rusange zifatwa mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka z’iki cyorezo.
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
Hari amahirwe make ibihugu byakoresha kugira ngo birusheho kongera ingamba bifata mu rwego rwo kubaganya ikwirakwira rya SARS-CoV-2 n’ingaruka zayo ku nzego z’ubuzima.
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
Ibi biramutse bidakozwe, birashoboka ko inzego z’ubuzima zo mu bindi bihugu bigize EU/EEA byahura n’ikibazo cy’umubare munini w’abarwayi barembye mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru biri imbere.
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
Icyorezo cy’indwara ya koronavirusi 2019 (COVID-19), cyatewe na koronavirusi 2 (SARS-CoV-2) itera indwara yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ikaze cyane (SARS), imaze guhitana abantu barenga 3 000 no gufata abarenga 80 000 mu Bushinwa n’ahandi ku isi, bityo ikaba ari amakuba ku bantu.
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
Kimwe n’indi virusi bisa, SARS-CoV, yateye ibicurane bikaze cyane (SARS) ibihumbi by’abantu mu 2003, SARS-CoV-2 na yo ishobora gukwirakwizwa n’uducurama ikaba igira ibimenyetso bisa kandi bigaragara kimwe.
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
Ariko COVID-19 usanga idakaze cyane kandi ihitana abantu bake ugereranyije na SARS nubwo yandura vuba cyane kandi ikaba ikunda kwibasira abantu bakuze kurusha urubyiruko ikanibasira cyane abagabo kurusha abagore.
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
Kubera umubare wiyongera cyane w’ibitangazwa kuri iyi ndwara nshya, iyi nyandiko iragerageza gukora isuzuma rusange kandi rifite akamaro ry’iyi ngingo igenda irushaho gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
Turibanda ku nshoza z’ibanze nk’ubumenyi bw’iyi ndwara, ikiyitera, virusi iyitera, uko isuzumwa, uko ivurwa, uko ikwirakwira n’uko yirindwa.
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
Nubwo hakiri ibibazo byinshi bisaba gusubizwa, twizeye ko iri suzuma rizafasha mu kumenya no kurandura iyi ndwara ibangamiye ubuzima.
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
Iserukiramuco (Spring Festival) ryo ku itariki ya 25 Mutarama 2020 rimaze kwandika amateka adashobora kwibagirana mu Bashinwa bose basabwe kuguma iwabo mu biruhuko byose no mu byumweru byinshi byakurikiyeho bitewe n’icyorezo cyatewe na virusi nshya.
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Iyi virusi ifite ibintu byinshi ihuriyeho na koronavirusi (CoV) yateye icyorezo cy’ibicurane bikaze cyane (SARS) mu 2003; bityo Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) rikaba ryarayise SARS-CoV-2 ku itariki ya 11 Gashyantare 2020, noneho indwara iyikomokaho yitwa Indwara ya CoV 19 (COVID-19).
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
Iki cyorezo cyatangiriye mu mujyi wa Wuhan, mu Bushinwa, nuko gikwirakwira mu gihugu cyose no mu bindi bihugu bigera kuri 50 ku isi hose.
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
Ku itariki ya 2 Werurwe 2020, abantu barenga 80 000 bari bamaze kwemezwa ko banduye virusi ya COVID-19, muri bo abarenga 40 000 bamaze gusezererwa naho abapfuye barenga 3 000.
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
OMS iburira abantu yemeza ko COVID-19 ari “umwanzi rusange wa 1” kandi ko ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kurusha iterabwoba.
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), mu gihe kitageze ku mezi abiri, hatangajwe inyandiko zirenga 200 kuri COVID-19 harimo izivuga kuri virusi iyitera, ku cyorezo cyayo, aho yakomotse, uko isuzumwa n’uko ivurwa kuva igihe raporo ya mbere yatangarijwe ku itariki ya 7 Mutarama 2020 yasobanuye imiterere ya virusi yari yafashwe mu barwayi batandukanye.
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
Iri suzuma riragerageza gukora incamake y’ubushakashatsi bumaze gukorwa kuri iyi ngingo nshya kandi irimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi cyane.
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
Igihe cyose bishoboka, tuzagerageza kugereranya COVID-19 na SARS ndetse n’indi ndwara iterwa na CoV, nk’ibicurane byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati (MERS, byagaragaye mu 2012).
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
Tuzanasuzuma amasomo tumaze kunguka kugeza ubu ku bijyanye no gukumira ikwirakirwa no kumenya igitera iyi ndwara ndetse na bimwe mu bibazo byihutirwa bitarabonerwa ibisubizo.
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
Virusi zo mu bwoko bwa CoVs ubasanzwe zifatwa nka virusi zitica abantu, usanga zitera cyane cyane ubwoko 4 bw’ibicurane bikunze kuboneka ku gipimo kigera nko kuri 15%.
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
Ariko, muri iki kinyejana, twahuye na virusi za CoVs zibasira abantu cyane incuro ebyiri, ari zo SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV, zateye icyorezo cyagaragaye mu Bushinwa mu 2003 no muri Arabiya Sawudite 2012, noneho nyuma yaho zikwirakwira mu bindi bihugu byinshi abantu batagira ingano barandura abandi barapfa.
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
Ni yo mpamvu COVID-19 yo muri iyi minsi ari icyorezo cya gatatu cya CoV kigaragaye mu mateka ya muntu.
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
Nk’uko bigaragara mu Gishushanyo ​Igishushanyo cya 1.1, abantu barwaye umusonga watewe n’ikintu kitazwi bagaragaye bwa mbere mu mujyi wa Wuhan ku itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 2019 ari na bwo byamenyeshejwe Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Ubuzima mu Bushinwa.
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
Nyuma y’iminsi irindwi ni bwo hasohotse inyandiko isobanura imiterere ya CoV.
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
Ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama 2020 ni bwo hapfuye umuntu wa mbere muri Wuhan.
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
Hagati aho icyorezo cyakwirakwiye vuba mu yindi mijyi, intara n’ibihugu bituranye.
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
Kuri 20 Mutarama, hatangajwe ko hari abaganga banduye, byumvikana ko abantu bashobora kwanduzanya iyi virusi.
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
Kuri 23 Mutarama, umujyi wa Wuhan washyizwe mu kato n’uburyo bwose bwo gutwara abantu burahagarikwa.
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
Kuri 24 Mutarama ni bwo ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bwa mbere kuri iyi ndwara bwatangaje ko, mu barwayi 41 bari bemejwe ko banduye, 21 ni bo bonyine bari bageze ku isoko ry’ibituruka mu nyanja ry’i Wuhan abantu bavugaga ko ari ho ubwandu bwari bwaturutse butewe n’inyamaswa itazwi.
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
Kuri 30 Mutarama, OMS yatangaje ko iki cyorezo ari amakuba abangamiye ubuzima ku isi.
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
Igihe iyi raporo yatangazwaga, iyi ndwara yari yamaze gukwirakwira mu Bushinwa hose no mu bindi bihugu bigera kuri 50 ku isi hose (Igishushanyo ​(Igishushanyo cya 2).2).
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
Kubera iki cyorezo kiri gukwirakwira vuba, ntibyoroshye kumenya aho kizagarukira n’ingaruka zacyo.
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
Kuri 11 Gashyantare 2020, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bigo binyuranye ku barwayi 8 866 barimo abarwayi 4 021 bagaragajwe ko banduye COVID-19 bwatanze ishusho ivuguruye kurushaho y’uko iki cyorezo gihagaze dusanga ku rubuga (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
Abantu banduye SARS-CoV-2 bafite imyaka inyuranye, ariko biganjemo abafite hagati y’imyaka 30 na 65.
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
Hafi icya kabiri (47,7%) cy’abanduye bari barengeje imyaka 50, bake cyane bafite munsi ya 20, noneho abantu banduye 14 gusa bari bafite munsi y’imyaka 10.
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
Abagabo ni bo banduye SARS-CoV-2 cyane (0,31/100 000) kurusha abagore (0,27/100 000).
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
COVID-19 yakwirakwiye cyane cyane muri Hubei no mu turere byegeranye.
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
Ugereranyije, kuva COVID-19 yagaragara kugera habonetse uburyo isuzumwa hashize nk’iminsi 5 (2-9).
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
Ugereranyije byafashe iminsi 4,8 (3,0-7,2) kugira ngo igaragaze ibimenyetso.
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
Ugereranyije umuntu wa mbere yapfuye hashize 9,5 (4,8-13) kuva igaragaye.
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
Umubare w’ibanze w’abashobora kwandura (R0) wari 3,77 (95% CI: 3,51-4,05), naho R0 iburungushuye yari 2,23-4,82.
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
Umubare w’abanduye wiyongeye bikabije mbere yo kuri 23 Mutarama 2020, uhura n’igihe abantu benshi baba bakora ingendo mbere y’iserukiramuco ‘Spring Festival’ mu Bushinwa.
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Umubare w’abemejwe ko banduye wari 1,44% (95% CI: 1,10-1,86%), naho umubare uburungushuye w’abapfa mu barwayi bose wari 3,06% (95% CI: 2,02-4,59%).
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
Ibibazo bitatu bikomeye kuri COVID-19 byari igitsina (gabo), imyaka (≥60), n’umusonga ukaze.
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
Virusi za CoVs ni akaryango ka virusi nini zifite utwugara zirimo RNA y’ibyiyumviro imwe rukumbi.
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
Zishobora gushyirwa mu bwoko bune, ari bwo alufa, beta, gama na delita. Muri ubu bwoko virusi za CoVs zo mu bwoko bwa alufa na beta ni zo zishobora kwanduza abantu.
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
Girikoporoteyine yo ku mutwe (S) w’akugara ifata ku imvubura bita ACE2 n’indi bita DPP4 mu gihe cya SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV, noneho ingenangingo zikihuza.
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
Jenome ya virusi ya RNA iravuburwa ikajya mu y’ingirabuzimafatizo; jenome ya virusi yamara gukopororwa, RNA ya jenome iri kumwe na girikoporoteyine z’akugara na poroteyine za nekereyokapuside ikora imvubura z’inyangingo fatizo zihuza n’ingenangingo za purasima zikavamo virusi.
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
Imiterere ya mbere ya jenome ya SARS-CoV-2 yagaragajwe ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
Hagaragaye ko SARS-CoV-2 ari ubwoko bushya bwa beta-CoV byahuje jene ku kigero cya 99,98% mu bizamini ndangamiterere 10 byafashwe aho icyorezo cyatangiriye, mu isoko ry’ibiva mu nyanja ry’i Huanan muri Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 ifite jene zisa cyane n’iza SARS-CoV kurusha MERS-CoV.
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
Muri mikorosikope ya elegitoronike isuzuma uko yandura, uduce twa SARS-CoV-2 twagaragaye mu bice binanutse bikabije bya epiteriyumu y’imyanya y’ubuhumekero y’umuntu.
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
Imvubura ya ACE2 mu muntu ni yo basanze ibamo SARS-CoV-2 na SARS-CoV.
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
Ariko poroteyine ya S ya SARS-CoV-2 yihuza n’imvubura ya ACE2 y’umuntu buhoro cyane kurusha iya SARS-CoV, ibi bikaba bihuye n’ibyemezwa ko SARS-CoV-2 yanduza abarwayi bidakabije kurusha SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 ishobora no kuba poroteyine ngufi nshya ikorwa na poroteyine ya orf3b na poroteyine ivuburwa ikorwa na poroteyine ya orf8.
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
Poroteyine ya orf3b yo muri SARS-CoV-2 ishobora kuba igira uruhare mu bushobozi bwo gutera indwara bwa virusi no kubuza IFNβ kugaragara; ariko poroteyine ya orf8 ntabwo ibamo imiterere cyangwa imimerere izwi.
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
Ku itariki ya 18 Gashyantare 2020, Zhou na bagenzi be batangaje imiterere yo muri mikorosikope ya elegitoronike ikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hasi cyane (cryo-EM) bw’imvubura ya ACE2 yuzuye y’umuntu ku bucucike bwa 2,9 Å mu rusobe rw’inyangingo igendamo aside amino B0AT1.
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
Basanze ko urwo rusobe, rufite imiterere ifunguye n’ifunze, yikusanyije nk’inyangingo ebyiri kandi urusobe rwa ACE2-B0AT1 rushobora guhuza poroteyine za S ebyiri, bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’imigaragarire n’ubwandu bya virusi ya CoV.
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
B0AT1 ishobora kwibandwaho mu gusuzuma imiti yo kurandura ubwandu bwa SARS-CoV-2.
The origin and intermediate host
Inyamaswa yakomotseho n’iyandujwe bwa mbere
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
Birazwi ko SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV zombi zaturutse mu ducurama noneho abantu bakazanduzwa n’impimbi n’ingamiya.
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
Hifashishijwe igereranyankomoko rya SARS-CoV-2 hamwe n’izindi virusi za CoVs, byagaragaye ko uducurama ari two SARS-CoV-2 yakomotseho kubera ko virusi nshya iteye kimwe ku kigero cya 96% na virusi ebyiri za CoVs zisa nka SARS zikomoka ku ducurama zitwa ‘bat-SL-CoVZX45’ na ‘bat-SL-CoVZX21’.
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
Ariko inyamaswa yanduye bwa mbere yafashije iyi virusi kubasha kwibasira ubwoko bunyuranye kugeza yanduje abantu ntiramenyekana, kandi n’uburyo yanduramo ntiburamenyekana neza.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji na bagenzi be bavuze ko inzoka zishobora kuba ari zo zanduje abantu iyi virusi ziyandujwe n’uducurama bikaba byarajyanye no kwiyuburura muri poroteyine ya S.