atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
Igerageza ry’ibanze ryo gupima ubwandu ryagaragaje ubushobozi bw’ibyo bigo bwo gukusanya ibipimo by’ubwandu mu bantu bakuru.
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
Mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya COVID-19, PHE n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC byahinduye ubugenzuzi bw’indwara y’ibicurane busanzweho maze bukurikirana ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 mu baturage, kandi iyi porotokore ni yo yashingiweho muri iyo mikoranire.
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
Ingamba z’ibanze z’igihugu mu kurwanya indwara ya COVID-19 ni ukuyikumira aho abarwayi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyandura bakurikiranwa hakoreshejwe ubufasha bwo kuri telefone butangirwa kuri NHS111 n’amatsinda abungabunga ubuzima ya PHE, ariko ubugenzuzi bw’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC buratandukanye cyane.
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Mu kwagura ibikorwa gisanzwe gikora, Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gitanga ubugenzuzi ku gukurikirana virusi n’ubwandu kugira ngo gikurikirane COVID-19 mu duce igumamo by’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire no gusuzuma imikorere y’ingamba zo kurwanya icyorezo.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Ntitwakora twenyine kuri ubu bushakashatsi.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Tuzasangira porotokore n’abavandimwe b’abongereza b’ihuriro rya I-MOVE baherutse kubona inkunga y’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Uburayi yo mu 2020 yo “Gukomeza ubumenyi bw’abaturage mu kurwanya icyorezo cy’ubwoko bushya bwa koronavirusi”.
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Biteganywa ko imibare ihamye mu micungire y’umushinga izatuma habaho ubufatanye bwavuye muri iyi mikoranire kurusha ubwavuye mu bihugu bikora byonyine.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Icyo ubu bushakashatsi bugamije ni ukugaragaza niba hari kwanduzanya COVID-19 bitigeze bitahurwa , kugereranya umubare w’abantu bikekwa ko banduye no gukurirana ikwirakwira mu gice igumamo by’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire rya COVID-19 mu baturage.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Icyo ubu bushakashatsi bugamije ni ibi bikurikira:
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Mu rwego rwo gukurikirana abakekwaho COVID-19 mu baturage binyuze mu kugenzura abatanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze no gutanga kode kw’ibitaro ku banduye COVID-19 bajyanwe mu gufungirwa mu kato
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Mu rwego rwo gutanga ibimenyetso bya virusi ku migaragarire n’urwego virusi igenda idatahuwemo mu kwanduzanya mubaturage kwa COVID-19 no gukurikiranya ibimenyetso bihamye mu bantu bagaragaza indwara za ILI cyangwa kwereka abavuzi b’ibanze indwara z’ubuhumekero z’igikatu
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Kugereranya ubwandu bwa COVID-19 mu baturage no kugereranya ibipimo by’abahuye n’indwara bagaragaza n’abatagaragaza ibimenyetso mu baturage hifashishijwe gukurikirana abanduye
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gukusanya amaraso arimo abasirikare b’umubiri mu bakize COVID-19 basubiye aho batuye
We intend to capture the following.
Turateganya kubona ibikurikira.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Inyandiko zo kwa muganga zijyanye na raporo kuri COVID-19 hakoreshejwe kode yashyizweho itagaragaza abanduye, abari gusuzumwa n’aho ubwandu buherereye (Igishushanyo cya 2-​-44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Ibihugu by’amahanga byasuwe mu minsi 28 ishize
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Kode zisanzweho zishobora kuba ari ingirakamaro (Imbonerahamwe za 1-​-3).3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
Abaganga benshi n’amatsinda atanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ashobora kutabona ko amakuru y’ingenzi yashyirwamo kode.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Kandi hari n’amahirwe mu bihe by’icyorezo yo gukurikirana ko ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu zikora neza.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Kode zikoresha inyuguti n’ibisubizo by’ibizamini byizewe byerekana ubwandu ko byemejwe cyangwa bwakuwemo
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Ubwo buryo bukurikiza uburi gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ibicurane n’ubushakashatsi ku gupima ubwandu buherutse gukorwa, bukaba bugizwe n’ibice bitanu: (1) ubugenzuzi bw’ubuvuzi bw’ibanze butangirwa mu mavuriro; (2) ubugenzuzi bw’ubwandu buterwa na virusi; (3) ubugenzuzi bw’abafashwe ibipimo by’ubwandu; (4) abakize ubwandu; no (5) gucunga amakuru.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
Ikigo cya NHS gikoresha uburyo bwa SNOMED CT bwo gukora kode, ubusanzwe bukaba buvugururwa kabiri mu mwaka gusa.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Hajemo ibisa nk’ibigoranye aho uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru y’ubuvuzi yabitswe muri mudasobwa (CMR) bukoresha uburyo bwo gukora kode bwa Read (Read ikoreshwa mu muga y’ubuvuzi, verisiyo ya 3 – CTv3), ikaba itakivugururwa.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Ikindi kandi nta kode zo mu buvuzi zifashishwaga mu kwandika ibyerekeye COVID-19 mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Bityo, uburyo bubiri bwifashishwa n’abaganga bwongeyeho amuga atanu yerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4 nka kode zikoreshwa hose mu gihugu.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Kuba Ubwongereza bwarasohoye verisiyo ya SNOMED CT mu buryo bwihuse kugira ngo yifashishwe mu kurwanya COVID-19 byatumye iboneka muri sisitemu zose za CMR (Imbonerahamwe ya 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Ikigamijwe ni ukugira ngo ibyo byose bizakorerwe muri SNOMED CT nshya igihe ibonetse, bitume habaho kubika amakuru ya ngombwa (Umugereka w’amashusho wa 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Iby’ibanze byasabwe ku gutangaza iyi verisiyo byari ubushobozi bwo kwandika kode (Imbonerahamwe ya 4) y’umuntu urwaye COVID-19, ufite ibyago byo kwandura (gukorera ingendo ahantu hari ibyago byinshi byo kwandura), kwegera umuntu wese wanduye COVID-19, raporo y’uko umuntu yapimwe COVID-19 maze indwara igakurwamo (birashoboka kuba yarapimwe ntibamusangemo indwara).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Kandi kuri ubu, birashoboka kwandika kode y’abakoreye ingendo mu mahanga, harimo n’ubushobozi bwo kwandika abagiye mu bihugu byinshi (byashyizwe mu bikorwa tariki ya 8 Gashyantare 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Ibishushanyo bya 2-​-44 byerekana bishyirwa mu bikorwa ku rubuga rwa EMIS.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Ubu, ibipimo by’ubwandu byifashishwa mu kugenzura ibicurane bijyana n’ifishi isanzwe isabirwaho amakuru.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
Ku byerekeye COVID-19, tuzakora ifishi nshya isabirwaho amakuru yandikwamo:
Date of onset of symptoms
Itariki ibimenyetso byatangiriyeho
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Gusuzumwa indwara zikurikira:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Anjine y’igikatu/anjine mu bana batagejeje imyaka itanu
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Indwara yibasira inzira y’ubuhumekero (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Yagize umuriro (Y/O); yarapimwe (Y/O); niba ari yego, yarafite kangahe
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Kubura umwuka (Y/O), niba yarapimwe: ibipimo bya ogisijeni no guhumeka
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Aherutse gukora ingendo (Y/O); niba ari yego, yagiye mu bihe bihugu mu minsi 14 ishize
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Yahuye n’umuntu byemejwe ko afite COVID-19 (Y/O) no kubasha kwandika ubutumwa ku buntu ku byerekeye urugero abyizeraho
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Izo kode zishyirwa mu byiciro bya “byemejwe”, “biracyasuzumwa”, “birashoboka”, na “nta bwandu” hakoreshejwe uburyo dusanzwe dukoresha muri kode zo gushyira mu matsinda (Imbonerahamwe ya 5), yakoreshejwe mbere mu byerekeye indwara.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Ibisobanuro by’indwara zimeze nk’ibicurane (ILI) byatanzwe n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC biri ku Mugereka w’amashusho wa 2.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Gutangaza amakuru mu buryo rusange hakoreshejwe amashusho n’imbonerahamwe
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Tuzakora amashusho kugira ngo dutangaze amakuru ku rwego rw’igihugu n’imbonerahamwe y’ibitekerezo ku buziranenge bwayo no gukusanya amakuru ku bwandu bwa virusi n’ibipimo by’amaraso.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Bishingiye ku gukoresha kode byasobanuwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Abemejwe ko barwaye bashyirwa mu mbonerahamwe nk’“abarwaye” COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Abashobora kuba barwaye bagaragazwa nk’“Abari gusuzumwa” (isuzuma).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
“Abatarwaye” bagaragazwa nk’“Abakuwemo”.
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Amakuru yo kuri interineti yashyizweho mu byumweru bya mbere mu Igenzura kuri COVID-19 (Igishushanyo cya 5), agaragaza igiteranyo cy’umubare w’abarwaye n’ibipimo ku barwayi 10 000 byemejwe ko barwaye cyangwa bakiri gusuzumwa, ndetse n’aho virusi yakuwemo.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Dufite amahitamo yo gutanga raporo y’igenzura kabiri mu cyumweru hateganywa ko bishobora guhinduka raporo ikajya itangwa buri munsi.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Tuzakomeza gufata ibipimo bya virusi bivuye mu bikorwa dukora byo kurwanya virusi, aho kubihagarika kubera ko ibicurane biri gucika.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Kandi tuzashaka abandi bakozi bakora mu byo kugenzura virusi.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Ibikorwa byo kurwanya virusi by’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC bigamije gufata ibipimo byo mu mazuri 200-300 buri cyumweru ku mashami arwanya virusi y’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC, hakusanywa ibipimo by’abantu b’imyaka yose.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Usibye kongera virusi itera ibicurane mu bigenzurwa [indwara zimeze nk’ibicurane (ILI), anjine y’ikigatu/anjine], abaganga bakora mu bugenzuzi bazajya bafata ibipimo byo mu mazuru by’abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye by’indwara yibasira inzira y’ubuhumekero (LRTI) niba ibimenyetso byaratangiye mu minsi 7.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Abakozi bakora mu by’ubushakashatsi b’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC n’abakozi bahuza ibikorwa barakorana kugira ngo babashe kubona ibipimo biturutse mu gihugu bingana na 200-300 ku cyumweru.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Bishobora kwiyongera igihe abashyiraho ingamba ba PHE bakeneye ibindi bipimo.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Ibipimo bifatwa na buri muganga bifatwa abantu bafite iyi myaka: bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 5, 5-17, 18-64 n’abafite imyaka 65 no kuzamura
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Ibipimo (byo mu mazuru cyangwa amaraso) byakusanyijwe byoherezwa mu ibahasha yateguwe iriho aderesi ya raboratwari ya PHE kugira ngo bisuzumwe.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Ibipimo byose byafashwe birasuzumwa harebwa niba birimo ibicurane na COVID-19.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Kandi, PHE yongera igapima ibizamini by’ubwandu bw’ibicurane byafashwe mu ntangiriro no hagati ya Gashyantare 2020 harebwa ko harimo COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Abaganga bakomeza gukurikiza porotokore ya PHE mu gupima COVID-19, naho abantu bafite ibyago byo kwandura bagomba kugaragazwa bagapimwa aho kwigira kwa muganga ubavura.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Biracyemewe ko abagiye ku bagwa bapimwa, twanatanze udukoresho twifashishwa mu gupima ku buryo abantu babikorera aho baba.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Incamake y’uko bikorwa yasobanuwe birambuye ku mugereka w’amashusho wa 3.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Umuntu wese urwaye indwara imeze nk’ibicurane (ILI) cyangwa indwara z’ubuhumekero uhamagara umuganga umuvura (urug.: kuri telefone asaba randevu), by’umwihariko agomba kubazwa niba aherutse kujya mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu PHE yasabye abantu kutajyamo, cyangwa niba yarahuye n’abandi bantu barwaye COVID-19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Mu gihe ibyo bipimo bigaragaje ko yanduye, umurwayi asabwa kutaza kwa muganga ahubwo agakurikiza ibikubiye mu nyandiko ya PHE.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Bishobora gukorwa n’umukozi wakira abarwayi kwa muganga, bitewe na porotokore ya buri muganga.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Guhamagara bishobora gushyirwa mu buryo bwa GP CMR maze na byo bigatangazwa nka kimwe mu bigize raporo ya buri cyumweru ishyikirizwa Ikigo cya RCGP RSC.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Twateguye inyandiko z’amahugurwa zafasha mu gukora kode (Umugereka w’amashusho wa 4).
These include prompt cards for:
Harimo amakarita y’inama ya:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Umukozi wakira abantu kwa muganga cyangwa ibipimo: kwandika hakoreshejwe kode abarwayi bose bahamagara muganga bafite ibimenyetso by’indwara y’ubuhumekero y’igikatu bakoze ingendo mu bihugu PHE yasabye abantu kutajyamo
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Abakozi bakora mu nzego z’ubuyobozi cyangwa abakora mu mavuriro bandika kode: Gushishikariza abakoz gukoresha kode mu kwandika ibisubizo by’abaketsweho uburwayi, harimo kwandika kode y’abasanzwe batarwaye kugira ngo bavanwemo
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Abaganga bari mu bugenzuzi bwa virusi bakusanya ibipimo by’amaraso by’abarwayi baza kwipimisha amaraso bisanzwe.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Abarwayi bajya kwa muganga ubakurikirana kwipimisha amaraso bisanzwe basabwa gutanga ikindi kizamini cy’amaraso.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Twakoze ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze mu bubiko bw’amakuru bw’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC kugira ngo turebe umubare w’ibisubizo by’ibizamini by’amaraso (FBC) n’ibipimo muri rusange mu bakuru n’abana (Ibishushanyo bya 6-​-9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
ikizamini cy’amaraso ni bimwe mu bizamini bikunda gukorwa, kandi turizera ko bizatanga ikimenyetso nyakuri cy’imibare yose y’ibizamini by’amaraso byafashwe.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Igipimo by’ikizamini ku barwayi 100 000 ni cyo cyari hejuru mu bana bafite imyaka 15-17 n’abakuru bafite imyaka 60 cyangwa bayirengeje, n’ibipimo bito mu bana bafite imyaka 0-4 n’abakuru bafite imyaka 18-29 (Amashusho ya 6-​-99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Turatanga ibipimo by’ubwandu ngenderwaho 1 000 ku bantu b’imyaka yose bagaragaza impinduka hakurikijwe imyaka.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Kandi, tuzanasuzuma niba dushobora kubona ibyo bipimo byose tubikuye ku baganga kugira ngo turusheho kunoza ibisubizo.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Ni ngombwa cyane kureba akarere kiganjemo abanduye, rero PHE izatanga inama z’uduce twakurwamo ibipimo bya virusi.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Bizakurikirwa no gutanga ibizamini 800 buri kwezi.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Ibipimo bizashyirwa mu matsinda y’ibipimo 200 byo mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere y’icyorezo (100 bya buri kwezi) mu bantu bafite imyaka ikurikira: bafite cyangwa barengeje imyaka 5, 5-17, 18-64 n’abafite imyaka 65 no kuzamura.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Abarwayi bato, mu baganga benshi abo barwayi bafite imyaka itageze kuri 14; hafi mu bana bose batagejeje imyaka 8 bizasaba ko hakorwa ubugenzuzi bwo gupima ubwandu mu bana.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Tuzashyiraho ifishi nshya yo gusaba amakuru kugira ngo abaganga babone abaheruka gukora ingendo n’abafite aho bahuriye na COVID-19.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Tuzashyiraho uburyo bushya bwo gufata amaraso y’abakize akuwe mu bantu byemejwe ko barwaye banafashwe ibipimo by’ubwandu igihe banduragara.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Ni mu rwego rwo kumenya imimerere yo kwanduza indwara mu barwayi bakize virusi ariko bakaba bashobora gukomeza kuyikwirakwiza.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Igihe hari umubare muto w’abanduye, bishobora gufasha mu gukora ibikoresho byo gupima abarwayi bakabishyira abanganga babavura harebwa niba byemewe gukoreshwa n’abarwayi.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Niba hari umubare munini w’abanduye COVID-19 mu gihugu, ibipimo by’abakize bishobora gukurwa ku baganga bakorana n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC aho byemejwe ko banduye, hariho n’ubushobozi bwo kubihuza n’amakuru y’ubuvuzi asesuye.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Iki gikorwa gishobora kuba kirimo gusuzuma mu ibanga imibare y’Ikigo cya NHS ku banduye bo mu baganga b’Ikigo c ya RCGP RSC, kugenzura amabwiriza ari gukurikizwa ya PHE ku bwandu bw’abemejwe ko banduye, no guha umuryango randevu hakurikijwe igikorwa cyagaragajwe.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Birasaba kubikurikirana neza ku rwego rw’igihugu mu bigo byose kandi bishobora gusaba ko PHE yizera neza abantu badahamagawe n’ibigo byinshi.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gishobora gutanga amabwiriza ya ngombwa mu gutanga amakuru ku barwaye bwa mbere igihe bisabwa na PHE.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Abaganga bakorana n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC bakora mu bugenzuzi bwa virusi y’ibicurane buri mwaka batangiye gufata ibipimo by’abarwayi bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Ibipimo byose byakiriwe bisuzumwa niba barimo ibicurane na COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gishaka uburyo bwo gukusanya ibipimo by’abakize by’abarwayi bapimwe bagasanga bafite COVID-19 binyuze mu bikorwa byagutse by’ubugenzuzi bw’ubwandu bwa virusi.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Guhera ku ntangiriro, tuzacunga amakuru twitonze duharanira ko yakoreshwa mu bushakashatsi buzakorwa mu minsi iri imbere.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Amakuru yo mu mavuriro azahuzwa n’ibipimo by’ubwandu.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Tuzacunga amakuru yacu hakoreshejwe amahame yo kubika amakuru ashakishwa, aboneka, akoreshwa mu zindi sisitemu, yongera gukoreshwa.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Kugira ngo bikunde, amatsinda y’amakuru yacu ari ku murongo w’amakuru y’ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi mu Bwongereza n’amakuru y’ubuvuzi yo mu Burayi.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Uburyo bw’ibarurishamibare bukorana n’amabwiriza yo kugera ku makuru y’indwara z’ibyorezo, kurwanya ubwandu hadakoreshejwe imiti (NPI) birakoreshwa mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibyorezo bishya mu rwego rwo gukumira indwara.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Izi ngamba zigamije kugabanya imibare y’abahura n’abanduye no kugabanya ikwirakwira rya virusi.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Mu kubishyira mu bikorwa, leta y’Ubwongereza iherutse kugaragaza icyifuzo cyo kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwishyira mu kato.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Mu guhangana n’umubare w’ubwandu bushya (R) (impuzandengo y’umubare umuntu wanduye yanduza) hanagamijwe kugabanywa R ikagera munsi ya 1; gahunda igamije kugabanya umubare w’abandura ku rugero rwo hasi cyangwa (nk’uko byagaragaye mu byorezo byabanje bitera indwara z’ubuhumekero z’igikatu na ebola) mu kugabanya kwanduzanya hagati y’abantu.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Nk’uko ibyavuye mu cyorezo cya 2009 H1N1 bibigaragaza, NPI ishobora kuba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’icyorezo.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Icyo ubushakashatsi bwacu bwibandaho ni kugereranya igihe abaturage bashobora kwandura ari benshi no gukomeza gukurikirana igikorwa cyo gukusanya amakuru no kugagaza ishusho y’uko hashobora kuboneka abantu bashya banduye mu gihe ingamba zo kwirinda kwegerana zorohejwe.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Hamaze gutangazwa inyandiko z’ingenzi ku ngamba zo kurwanya indwara z’ibyorezo ku byerekeye icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Bushinwa.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Ikindi cyibanze cyifashishwa mu gupima uko icyorezo cyandura ni igihe kiri hagati y’ubwandu n’igihe umuntu yanduje abandi n’impuzandengo y’igihe ubwandu bumara.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
ibyo bipimo, igihe bibazwe neza, biba ari ingenzi mu gutenganya igihe icyorezo gishobora kumara, n’umubare ntarengwa w’abantu bazandura.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Turizera gukoresha uburyo bwa Bayesian mu ibarurishamibare (ABC) hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa SEIR bwo gukurikirana ubwandu bw’icyorezo harebwa abashobora kwandura n’aho bandurira.
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa bubangikanye cyane kandi bwarakoreshejwe bigenda neza mu bice bitandukanye harimo no kugaragaza ishusho y’uko indwara zandura.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
By’umwihariko, zibereye gukoreshwa aho bigoranye kubona ibisa n’aho bidashoboka gukoresha uburyo busanzwe nka Markov Chain Monte Carlo.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Byagaragaye ko ubwo buryo bukora neza ku makuru y’ubugenzuzi bwa ASPREN, ihuriro ry’abaganga n’abaforomo barwanya indwara batanga raporo ikubiyemo amakuru y’ibanga ku ndwara zimeze nk’ibicurane n’izindi ndwara, aho ibibazo nk’amakuru abura no gukenera gushyiraho uburyo ngenderwaho bw’igikorwa cy’ingenzura ubwabyo biba byarekemuwe neza.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Kandi, ukwiyongera gukabije kw’abandura bashya kwabazwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo bwo gukurikirana ubwandu.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Imibare y’amabwiriza ya modeli ya SEIR irakurikiranwa mu matsinda yagutse y’amakuru kubera ko ishobora kubangikanywa n’ubwo buryo bashyizwe mu bikorwa mu bubiko bwinshi bwa R; tukaba tugamije gukoresha ububiko bwa ABSEIR (bwashyizwe kuri GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) na abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) kugira ngo habarwe imibare y’icyorezo buri cyumweru.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Mu gihe gushyira uburyo bwa SIR bwifashishwa mu gukurikirana icyorezo muri modeli ABC isanzwe, turateganya ko ibisubizo tuzabona bizaba bikomeye bigereranyijwe n’amakuru atangwa buri cyumweru arimo aba arimo imibare mito.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Urugero: Reba uburyo bwa ABC bwakoreshejwe ku makuru y’ibicurane ya Tristan da Cunha mu 1967, aho imibare ya I (umubare w’abanduye) na R (umubare w’abakize) uba ubarirwa mu binyacumi.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Hanyuma, ku bindi byerekeye uburyo bukoreshwa bwavuzwe haruguru tuzakoresha uburyo bwa Kaplan-Meier butanga ibisubizo bibiri (abapfuye n’abakize) kugira ngo tubare igipimo cy’abapfa.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwigenga bwa ABC kandi butuma hakorwa igereranya hagati y’imibare y’uburyo bubiri hasuzumwa umwimerere w’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Ubugenzuzi bw’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC gifatanyije na PHE busobanurwa nko kubungabunga ubuzima hakurikijwe ibwiriza rya 3 rigenga serivisi z’ubuvuzi (Igenzura ry’amakuru y’umurwayi) ryo mu Mategeko yo mu 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Byemejwe n’Ibiro bya Caldicott Guardian bya PHE.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Nta byago tubona byiyongera ku baganga bari mu bikorwa by’ubugenzuzi.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Inama zo gukumira no kurwanya ubwandu bikurikiza amabwiriza y’igihugu ariho.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Abanduye bose bagaragaye bagenzurwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya PHE/NHS akurikizwa icyo gihe, harimo inama ku kumenya abantu bahuye n’abanduye.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Ariko, amahugurwa yacu azaba ibyo kwibutsa gufata neza ibipimo no kongera gusuzuma ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu biteganyijwe ko biziyongera mu bikorwa byacu.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
Ni igice cy’ingenzi mu Ibwiriza rya 12 ryerekeye kwita ku barwayi no kuvura bitekanye, bigenzurwa mu gihe runaka na Komisiyo ishinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Ingendo umuntu yakoze n’ibisobanuro byo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi ku bwandu bwa COVID-19
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
Abaganga bakorana n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC bagiriwe inama ku gukoresha kode mu by’ubuvuzi ziboneka kuri COVID-19 muri sisitemu zose za CMR.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Harimo amakuru yo gushyira kode ku bisobanuro byo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi (Imbonerahamwe ya 4) n’abaherutse gukora ingendo.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Ishyirwaho ryo gufata ibipimo by’ubwandu bwa virusi ku buryo bwagutse
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
Abaganga bakorana n’Ikigo cya RCGP RSC bakora mu bugenzuzi bwa virusi y’ibicurane buri mwaka batangiye gufata ibipimo by’abarwayi bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya LRTI.
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Ibi byatumye hamenyekana hakiri kare amakuru ku barwayi bafite ibyago bike byo kwandura.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
Kugeza tariki ya 7 Werurwe 2020, sisitemu y’ubugenzuzi yatahuye abantu 2 banduye COVID-19 mu barwayi bafite ibyago bike byo kwandura batigeze bakora ingendo mu gikorwa cyagutse cyo gufata ibipimo by’ubwandu bwa virusi.
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
Iyi porotokore isobanura uko twahinduye sisitemu y’ubugenzuzi bw’ibicurane kutayikoresha mu kugenzura abaturage bandura icyorezo kitari cyitezwe cya COVID-19.
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
Twashyizeho mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze kode nshya zidufasha kubika amakuru, none zikaba ziri gukusanya amakuru kugira ngo dukurikirane umusaruro w’ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu.
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
Hifashishijwe ubu bugenzuzi, tugamije kumenya ibindi byekereye icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu barwayi bavurwa bataha.
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
By’umwihariko, umuvuduko wo kwandura mu gice virusi igumamo by’igihe gito n’igihe kirekire.
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
Gusuzuma abarwayi bafite ibyago bike byo kwandura binatanga amakuru niba ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu zishingiye ku gusuzuma virusi mu barwayi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura n’abo bahuye na bo ndetse niba kwishyira mu kato bitanga umusaruro.
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
Gukumira icyorezo bigomba kugabanya ubwandu, kandi hashobora kuba hari inyungu nyinshi mu kurwanya ubwandu zava mu gukora ubugenzuzi bukaze.
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
Ariko, hari igihe virusi ishobora gukwirakwira cyane mu baturage, nk’uko byagenze mu Butaliyani.
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
Ubugenzuzi bw’abarwayi bafite ibyago bike byo kwandura bugomba kuduha amakuru igihe tugeze kuri uru rwego n’igihe imibare y’ubwandu itangiye kugabanuka.
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 gikomeje kwiyongera.
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
Umuco wo kwandika w’inzego zitanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu Bwongereza usobanuye ko tuzabasha kubona ishusho nyayo y’igihe ubwandu bwabereye n’igihe bwamaze.
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
Sisitemu y’ubugenzuzi igomba kugaragaza aho ikwirakwira rya COVID-19 riri kubera hashobora kuba habereye gukorerwa igerageza ry’imiti igabanya ubukana.
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
Dushobora kandi gukurikirana imikorere myiza cyangwa ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iyo miti cyangwa inkingo.
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
Hanyuma, gutahura hakiri kare abemejwe ko barwaye COVID-19, byatanze urugero rwiza rw'ishyirwamubikorwa ryihuse ry'ubu buryo bw'igenzura bunoze ku rwego rw'igihugu.
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
Umutekano w'ibikorwa ni yo nshingano yacu y'ibanze.
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ubugenzuzi cya RCGP kimaze imyaka isaga 50 gikora kandi cyagiye kigira uruhare mu gukusanya ibipimo byo gukurikirana indwara n’imikorere myiza y'inkingo binyuze mu cyorezo cy’ibicurane cya Hong Kong cyo mu 1968/69, mu bicurane by’Uburusiya byo mu 1977/78 n’icyorezo cy’ibicurane by’ingurube mu 2009.
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
Ntabwo tuzi ibyago byiyongera ku bakozi bari mu kazi cyangwa abandi barwayi bashobora kugira uruhare mu bugenzuzi.
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
Kwitegura guhangana n'icyorezo cyo ku rwego rw'isi ni kimwe mu nshingano z'Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ubugenzuzi cya RCGP.
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
Birashoboka ko amakuru abitswe neza y'abakoranye n'Ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ubugenzuzi cya RCGP azagabanya abantu bashobora gukekwaho kuba barwaye COVID-19 bazanwa kubagwa batabishaka.
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
Aho abarwaye bagaragaye mu buryo butunguranye, birashoboka ko kubimenya byafasha uwo murwayi, abo yabonanye nabo, ndetse n'abakozi bita ku barwayi.
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
Ingaruka byagize ku mikorere ni ugufunga umunsi umwe, igihe hagaragaye urwaye, kugira ngo hakorwe isuku yimbitse hanyuma bakongera gufungura.
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
Imbogamizi ikomeye y'imikorere yacu ni umubare w'ahaturuka amakuru.
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
Turi gukusanya amakuru y'ibipimo by'amaraso na virusi, byafatiwe ahantu 100, bikaba bigize itsinda rito ry'abantu.
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
Ibi byabaye ibyo kwishimirwa mu gukurikirana ibicurane, ariko ntituzi neza niba iki ari igipimo ngero gihagije ku cyorezo cya COVID-19.
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
Aho dukorera (ibikorwa by'igenzura) kuri ubu hari gutunganywa, kandi bishobora gufasha mu gutangira gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse mu duce twagaragayemo abarwaye benshi.
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
Kuri ubu, tuzajya dutanga raporo buri cyumweru.
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
Uburyo bwacu dusanzwe dukoresha bushobora kongerwa inshuro ebyiri mu cyumweru, ariko birashoboka ko ubu twakoresha uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru ya buri munsi cyangwa buri isaha.
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
Gufata ibipimo ngero by'amaraso ku bana batagejeje ku myaka 10 bishobora kuba bidahagije bitewe n'igabanuka rusange ry'ibipimo by'amaraso mu bana.
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
Hashyizweho ku buryo bwihuse igenzura ryagutse ukoresheje umuyoboro wa RCGP RSC-PHE ku cyorezo cyateye cya COVID-19.
The model of getting the appropriate informatics to enable capture of the required data has already been a success, with data recording starting the week the codes were created.
Uburyo bw'icyitegererezo bwo kubona amakuru akwiye kugira ngo budushoboze gufata amakuru asabwa bwamaze gukora neza, bushobora kubika amakuru, guhera mu cyumweru kode yashyiriweho.
In addition, modifying the existing surveillance system to collect population data in a parallel way has also been effective.
Byongeye kandi, guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura busanzweho kugira ngo hakusanywe amakuru y'abaturage mu buryo bukorerwa rimwe nabyo byagize akamaro.
However, we are at present unsure as to whether the scale of this surveillance provides sufficient data to drive local containment strategies or if reporting infrequently meets the need of our information age.
Ariko, kuri ubu ntituramenya neza niba igipimo cy’iri genzura gitanga amakuru ahagije kugira ngo habeho ingamba zo gukumira icyorezo mu gihugu cyangwa niba gutanga raporo ku buryo budahoraho bihura n'amakuru ku myaka dukeneye.
Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 “suspected case” and “confirmed case” is necessary
Kuvugurura ibigenderwaho mu gusuzuma COVID-19 “abakekwaho uburwayi” n'“abemejwe ko barwaye” ni ngombwa
On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide.
Ku ya 6 Gashyantare 2020, itsinda ryacu ryatangaje imirongo ngenderwaho yihuse ikubiyemo inama zo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara ya koronavirusi nshya yo mu 2019 (2019-nCoV), kandi imirongo ngenderwaho yaduhaye ubunararibonye kandi itanga ibisobanuro byiza byo kurwanya iki cyorezo ku isi hose.
However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Nyamara, indwara ya koroanvirusi 2019 (COVID-19) ni indwara nshya, imyumvire n'ubumenyi byacu kuri yo bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro dushingiye ku bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa n'ibikorwa byo mu buvuzi; bityo rero ingamba zo gusuzuma no kuvura nazo zikomeza kuvugururwa.
In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of “suspected case” and “confirmed case” according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China.
Muri iyi baruwa, twasubije igitekerezo kimwe ku murongo ngenderwaho wacu kandi dutanga ibipimo bishya bigenderwaho mu gusuzuma “ukekwaho uburwayi” n'“abemejwe ko barwaye” dukurikije amabwiriza aheruka yo gusuzuma no kuvura ya COVID-19 (icyiciro cya karindwi) yashyizwe ahagaragara na komite y'igihugu ishinzwe ubuzima ya Repubulika ya Rubanda y’Ubushinwa.
In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused an outbreak, which is now officially named as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Mu Kuboza 2019, koronavirusi nshya yo mu 2019 (2019-nCoV) yateje icyorezo, ubu ku mugaragaro kikaba cyitwa indwara ya koronavirusi 2019 (COVID-19) kandi virusi yiswe icyorezo cy'ubuhumekero gikomeye cya koronavirusi 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
On 11 March 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
Tariki ya 11 Werurwe 2020, Ishami ry’Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatangaje ko COVID-19 ari icyorezo cyugarije isi.
In order to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, our team has developed a rapid advice guideline and that has been published online in Military Medical Research on 06 February 2020.
Mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubwandu bwa SARS-CoV-2, itsinda ryacu ryashyizeho imirongo ngenderwaho y’inama zihutirwa kandi yatangajwe ku rubuga rwa interineti mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bwa Gisirikare ku ya 06 Gashyantare 2020.
It has attracted a great attention since published.
Kuva yasohoka yashishikaje abantu benshi.
Note however that COVID-19 is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge is gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko COVID-19 ari indwara nshya, imyumvire yacu n'ubumenyi bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro dushingiye ku bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa n'ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi; bityo rero, ingamba zo gusuzuma no kuvura nazo zikomeza kuvugururwa.