atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE, although some models place the common ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, implying long term coevolution with bat and avian species.
Igisekuru (MRCA) cya nyuma cya za koronavirusi bivugwa ko kiri mu myaka 8000 mbere y’ivuka rya yezu, nubwo hari amwe mu makuru avuga ko igisekuru rusange gishyirwa mu myaka ya kera ahagana mu yaka miliyoni 55 cyangwa mbere yaho, bikavuga ko yamaraga igihe kinini mu gacurama n’ibindi biguruka.
The most recent common ancestor of the alphacoronavirus line has been placed at about 2400 BCE, the betacoronavirus line at 3300 BCE, the gammacoronavirus line at 2800 BCE, and the deltacoronavirus line at about 3000 BCE.
Igisekuru giheruka cya alphacoronavirus gishyirwa mu myaka ya za 2400 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, betacoronavirus muri 3300 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, gammacoronavirus at 2800 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu, naho deltacoronavirus ikabarirwa mu myaka ya za 3000 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu.
The large number of host bat and avian species, and their global range, has enabled extensive evolution and dissemination of coronaviruses.Many human coronavirus have their origin in bats.
Umubare munini w’uducurama n’ibiguruka byakira virusi, n’ ikigererenyo cyabyo ku isi, watumye koronavirusi irushaho kororoka no gukwirakwira. Koronavirusi zandurwa n’abantu inyinshi zituruka mu ducurama.
More recently, alpaca coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E diverged sometime before 1960.
Vuba aha, koronavirusi yo mu bwoko bwa alpaca na koronavirusi zandurwa n’abantu 229E zadutse mbere ya 1960.
MERS-CoV emerged in humans from bats through the intermediate host of camels.
MERS-CoV yageze mu bantu iturutse mu ducurama inyuze mu ngamiya zayanduye.
MERS-CoV, although related to several bat coronavirus species, appears to have diverged from these several centuries ago.
MERS-CoV, nubwo ifitanye n’ubwoko bwinshi bwa koronavirusi, isa nkaho yabayeho guhera mu binyejana byinshi byashize.
The most closely related bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV diverged in 1986.
Koronavirusi ifitanye isano ya hafi n’agacurama hamwe na SARS-CoV zatangiye kubaho mu mwaka w’ 1986.
A possible path of evolution, of SARS coronavirus and keen bat coronaviruses, suggests that SARS related coronaviruses coevolved in bats for a long time.
uburyo bushoboka yagiye ikuramo, bijyanye na koronavirusi ya SARS n’iyo mu ducurama, bigaragara ko Koronavirusi zifitanye isano na SARS zagiye zikurana mu ducurama igihe kirekire.
In the 1790s, equine coronavirus diverged from the bovine coronavirus after a cross-species jump.
mu myaka ya 1790, koronavirusi yo mu ndogobe yakomotse muri koronavirusi yo mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’inka nyuma yo kunyura mu binyabuzima bitandukanye.
Later in the 1890s, human coronavirus OC43 diverged from bovine coronavirus after another cross-species spillover event.
Nyuma muri za 1890, koronavirusi yo mu bantu OC43 yakomotse muri koronavirusi yo mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’inka coronavirus nyuma yo kunyura mu bindi binyabuzima bitandukanye.
It is speculated that the flu pandemic of 1890 may have been caused by this spillover event, and not by the influenza virus, because of the related timing, neurological symptoms, and unknown causative agent of the pandemic.
Bivugwa ko icyorezo k’ibicurane cyo mu w’1890 cyaba cyaraturutse ku gikorwa cyo kwanduzanya, ko atari kuri virusi itera ibicurane, bitewe n’igihe, ibimenyetso byo mu bwonko, n’igitera icyo cyorezo kitazwi.
Human coronavirus OC43 besides causing respiratory infections is also suspected of playing a role in neurological diseases.
Usibye kuba Koronavirusi yo mu bantu OC43 itera ibibazo byo mu buhumekero, bivugwa ko igira n’uruhare mu ndwara zo mu bwonko.
In the 1950s, the human coronavirus OC43 began to diverge into its present genotypes.
Muri za 1950, Koronavirusi yo mu bantu OC43 yatangiye kubaho iteye uko tuyibona ubu.
Phylogentically, mouse hepatitis virus (Murine coronavirus), which infects the mouse's liver and the central nervous system, is related to human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus.
Hashingiwe ku isano iba hagati y’ibinyabuzima, virusi yo mu mbeba, ifata umwijima n’igice cyo hagati by’imbeba, ifitanye isano na Koronavirusi yo mu bantu OC43 ndetse n’iyo mu bimasa.
Human coronavirus HKU1, like the aforementioned viruses, also has its origins in rodents.
Koronavirusi yo mu bantu HKU1, kimwe n’izindi viruse zavuzwe haruguru, ifite nayo inkomoko mu dusimba dufitanye isano n’imbeba.
Coronaviruses vary significantly in risk factor.
Koronavirusi zigenda zigira ingaru zitandukanye.
Some can kill more than 30% of those infected, such as MERS-CoV, and some are relatively harmless, such as the common cold.
Zimwe zishobora kwica 30% by’ibinyabuzima byazanduye, urugero nka MERS-CoV, izindi nazo wavuga ko ntacyo zitwaye, urugero nk’izitera kugira imbeho.
Coronaviruses can cause colds with major symptoms, such as fever, and a sore throat from swollen adenoids.
Koronavirusi zishobora gutera gutengurwa gukabije kurangwa n’ibintu bitandukanye, nk’umuriro na kubabara mu muhogo kwatewe no kubyimba k’ibice byo mu muhogo.
Coronaviruses can cause pneumonia (either direct viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia) and bronchitis (either direct viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis).
Koronavirusi zishobora gutera indwara zo kubura umwuka (bitewe na virusi yahise ijya mu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyangwa udukoko twahageze nyuma) ndetse n’indwara za bronshite (bitewe na virusi yahise ijyamu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyangwa udukoko twahageze nyuma).
The human coronavirus discovered in 2003, SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections.Six species of human coronaviruses are known, with one species subdivided into two different strains, making seven strains of human coronaviruses altogether.
Koronavirusi yo mu bantu yavumbuwe mu w’ 2003, SARS-CoV, itera ibibazo bikomeye byo mu buhumekero (SARS), ifite imiterere yihariye kubera ko itera ibibazo byoroshye n’ibikomeye byo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero. Hari ubwoko butandatu buzwi bwa koronavirusi yo mu bantu, harimo bumwe bugabanyijemo utundi duce, ibi bigatuma umubare wa za koronavirusi zo mu bantu ugera kuri karindwi.
Four of these coronaviruses continually circulate in the human population and produce the generally mild symptoms of the common cold in adults and children worldwide: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Bune mu bwoko bwa koronavirusi bukomeje gukwirakwira mu bantu kandi muri rusange bugira ibimenyetso byoroshye by’ibicurane mu bantu bakuze ndetse no mu bana ku rwego rw'isi kandi izo koronavirusi ni izi zikurikira: -OC43, -HKU1, HCoV-229E, -NL63.
Coronaviruses cause about 15% of commons colds.
Koronavirusi zitera 15% z’indwara z’ibicurane.
The majority of colds are caused by rhinoviruses.
Inyinshi mu ndwara z’indwara z’ibicurane ziterwa na virusi zo mu nkura ( rhinoviruses).
The four mild coronaviruses have a seasonal incidence occurring in the winter months in temperate climates.
Koronavirusi enye zoroheje ziterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere biba mu gihe cy’imvura (umuhindo) kirangwa n’ubukonje buringaniye.
There is no preference towards a particular season in tropical climates.
Nta gihe kihariye kijyanye n’ikirere izi virusi zikunze kugaragaramo.
Four human coronaviruses produce symptoms that are generally mild:
Koronavirusi zo mu bantu enye zigaragaza ibimenyetso muri rusange byoroshye :
The virus was officially named the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Virusi yahawe izina ku mugaragaro rya koronavirusi ya SARS (SARS-CoV).
More than 8,000 people were infected, about ten percent of whom died.
Abantu barenga 8,000 bamaze kwandura, icumi ku ijana byabo baka baritabye Imana.
In September 2012, a new type of coronavirus was identified, initially called Novel Coronavirus 2012, and now officially named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Muri Nzeri 2012, hagaragaye ubwoko bushya bwa koronavirusi, ku ikubitiro bwiswe izina rya “Novel Coronavirus 2012”, ubu ikaba yarahawe izina rya” Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)”.
The World Health Organization issued a global alert soon after.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima ryahise riburira isi .
The WHO update on 28 September 2012 said the virus did not seem to pass easily from person to person.
Amakuru mashya ya WHO yo kuwa 28 Nzeri 2012 avuga ko virusi itapfa kuva byoroshye mu muntu umwe ijya mu wundi.
However, on 12 May 2013, a case of human-to-human transmission in France was confirmed by the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health.
Nyamara, kuwa 12 Gicurasi 2013, Minisiteri y’imibereho myiza n’ubuzima yo mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa yemeje ko hari umuntu wandujwe iyi virusi n’undi muntu.
In addition, cases of human-to-human transmission were reported by the Ministry of Health in Tunisia.
byongeye kandi, Minisiteri y’ubuzimo yo muri Tuniziya yatangaje ko hari abantu banduzanyije iyi virusi.
Two confirmed cases involved people who seemed to have caught the disease from their late father, who became ill after a visit to Qatar and Saudi Arabia.
Babiri bagaragayeho ubwo bwandu barimo abandujwe iyi ndwara na papa witabye Imana, warwaye nyuma yo kugirira ingendo mu bihugu bya Qatar na Saudi Arabia.
Despite this, it appears the virus had trouble spreading from human to human, as most individuals who are infected do not transmit the virus.
Nubwo byari bimeze gutya, bigaragara ko iyi virusi igorwa no kuva mu muntu ijya mu wundi, kubera ko abantu benshi bayanduye batayanduza.
The final name for the virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
Izina rya nyuma ry’iyi virusi ni “Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)”.
The only U.S. cases (both survived) were recorded in May 2014.In May 2015, an outbreak of MERS-CoV occurred in the Republic of Korea, when a man who had traveled to the Middle East, visited four hospitals in the Seoul area to treat his illness.
Abantu babiri gusa bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (bombi ikaba itarabahitanye) nibo bagaragaye muri Gicurasi 2014. Muri Gicurasi 2015, MERS-CoV, iki cyorezo cyagaragaye mu Repubulika ya Koreya, igihe umugabo wari waragirye ingendo mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, yagiye mu bitaro bine byo mu gace ko muri Seoul kwivuza.
This caused one of the largest outbreaks of MERS-CoV outside the Middle East.
Ibi byatumye MERS-CoV ikwirakwira hanze y’ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati .
As of December 2019, 2,468 cases of MERS-CoV infection had been confirmed by laboratory tests, 851 of which were fatal, a mortality rate of approximately 34.5%.
Nko mu Kuboza 2019, ibizamini byo muri laboratwari byagaragaje abantu 2.468 banduye MERS-CoV, 851 muri bo bitabye Imana, ijanisha ry’imfu rikaba ribarirwa kuri 34,5%.
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China.
Mu Kuboza 2019, icyorezo gifata ibice by’ubuhumekero cyagaragaye muri Wuhan, Ubushinwa.
On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
Kuwa 31 Kuboza 2019, icyorezo gishya cya koronavirusi , cyahise gihabwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Buzima(WHO) izina ry’agateganyo rya 2019-nCoV, nyuma cyaje guhabwa izina rya SARS-CoV-2 na Komite mpuzamahanga ikurikirana ibyorezo.
Some researchers have suggested the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market may not be the original source of viral transmission to humans.As of 17 April 2020, there have been at least 153,822 confirmed deaths and more than 2,240,191 confirmed cases in the coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.
Bamwe mu bashakashatsi batanze igitekerezo ko iyi virusi yandurwa n’abantu itaturutse muri Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. Kugeza ku wa 17 Mata 2020, nibura abantu 153.822 bari bamaze guhitanwa nayo naho abarenga 2.240.191 bari bamaze kwandura icyorezo cya koronavirusi.
The Wuhan strain has been identified as a new strain of Betacoronavirus from group 2B with approximately 70% genetic similarity to the SARS-CoV.
Icyorezo cya Wuhan cyagaragajwe nk’ubwoko bushya bwa Betacoronavirus yo mu itsindarya 2 gifite imiterere isa n’iya SARS-CoV ku kigereranyo cya 70%.
The virus has a 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus, so it is widely suspected to originate from bats as well.
Iyi virusi ifte ibyo ihuriyeho na koronavirusi yo mu gacurama ku kigero cya 96%, kubera ibyo rero birakekwa cyane ko nayo yaba ituruka ku ducurama.
The pandemic has resulted in travel restrictions and nationwide lockdowns in several countries.
Iki cyorezo cyatumye ibihugu byinshi bifata ikemezo cyo guhagarika ingendo no gufunga ibikorwa byinshi.
Coronaviruses have been recognized as causing pathological conditions in veterinary medicine since the 1930s.
Byamenyekanye ko Koronavirusi itera ibibazo bikomeye mu buvuzi bw’amatungo guhera mu myaka ya za 1930.
Except for avian infectious bronchitis, the major related diseases have mainly an intestinal location.
Usibye buronshite iterwa n’ibiguruka, indwara nyisnhi bifitanye isano ziba ziri mu mara.
Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.
Koronavirusi zibanza gufata ibice byo heju by’ubuhumekero no mu mara y’inyamabere ndetse n’inyoni.
They also cause a range of diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets, some of which can be serious and are a threat to the farming industry.
Zitera kandi indwara zitandukanye mu matugo arara hanze ndetse n’abana n’abantu, zimwe muri zo zikaba zikaze cyane kandi zikaba ari umbogamizi ku bikorwa by’ubworozi.
In chickens, the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, targets not only the respiratory tract but also the urogenital tract.
Mu nkoko, virusi ya buronshite (IBV), koronavirusi, ifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero ndetse n’imyanya myibarukiro.
The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken.
Virusi ishobora gukwirakwira no mu bindi bice bigize inkoko.
Economically significant coronaviruses of farm animals include porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, TGE) and bovine coronavirus, which both result in diarrhea in young animals.
Koronavirusi zikunze kwibasira amatungo zirimo izo mu ngurube (TGE) no mu nka, zombi zikaba zitera impiswi amatungo akiri mato.
Feline coronavirus: two forms, feline enteric coronavirus is a pathogen of minor clinical significance, but spontaneous mutation of this virus can result in feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a disease associated with high mortality.
Koronavirusi yo mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’injangwe: ubwoko bubiri, koronavirusi y’injangwe ni indwara igaragaza ubukana bworoheje, ariko ihindagurika rya buri kanya ryayo rishobora gutera ibibazo byo nda (FIP), indwara itwara ubuzima bw’abantu benshi.
Similarly, there are two types of coronavirus that infect ferrets: Ferret enteric coronavirus causes a gastrointestinal syndrome known as epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), and a more lethal systemic version of the virus (like FIP in cats) known as ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC).
Hari kandi ubundi bwoko bubiri bwa koronavirusi bufata inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’amafuku: Koronavirusi yo mu mafuku itera uburwayi mu nyama zo mu nda buzwi ku izina rya epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE), na virusi yica (nka FIP yo mu njangwe) izi nka ferret systemic coronavirus (FSC).
There are two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV), one that causes mild gastrointestinal disease and one that has been found to cause respiratory disease.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa koronavirusi y’imbwa (CCoV), imwe itera uburwayi bwoheje bwo munda n’indi byagaraye ko ifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero .
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice.
Virusi y’imbeba (MHV) ni koronavirusi itera indwara ikomaka ku mbeba kandi ihitana abantu benshi cyane cyane ahantu hakunze hari za laboratwari nyinshi zipima imbeba nyinshi.
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) is highly infectious coronavirus of laboratory rats, which can be transmitted between individuals by direct contact and indirectly by aerosol.
Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) ni ubwoko bwa koronavirusi yandura cyane ikaba ituruka ku mbeba zo muri laboratwari ishobora kwandurira mu gukoranaho kw’abantu cyangwa mu buryo buziguye mu mwuka.
Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis.
Zimwe mu ndwara za MHV gutuma udutsi two mu bwonko tw’imbeba yakoreweho igeragezwa duturika , .
Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologists interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwashyize imbara mu gusobanura imiterere y’izo koronavirusi, by’umwihariko abahanga mu bijyanye na virusi bibanze mu bijyanye n’amatungo.
Porcine coronavirus (transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of pigs, TGEV).
Koronavirusi y’ingurube (ifata inyama zo munda y’ingurube, TGEV).
Bovine coronavirus (BCV), responsible for severe profuse enteritis in of young calves.
Koronavirusi y’inka (BCV), izahaza cyane imitavu.
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes mild enteritis in cats as well as severe Feline infectious peritonitis (other variants of the same virus).
Koronavirusi y’injangwe (FCoV) ituma injangwe ibyimba amara ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bikomeye byo kubyimba amara(ibindi bibazo biterwa n’iyi virusi).
the two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV) (one causing enteritis, the other found in respiratory diseases).
Ubwoko bubiri bwa koronavirusi y’imbwa(CCoV) (bumwe butera kubyimba amara, ubundi bugatera ibibazo byo guhumeka).
Turkey coronavirus (TCV) causes enteritis in turkeys.
Koronavirusi ya dendo (TCV) ituma dendo ibyimba amara.
Ferret enteric coronavirus causes epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets.
Koronavirusi yo mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’amafuku ituma izo nyamaswa zibyima mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.
Ferret systemic coronavirus causes FIP-like systemic syndrome in ferrets.
Koronavirusi yo mu nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’amafuku itera ibibazo bya FIP muri izo nyamaswa.
Rabbit enteric coronavirus causes acute gastrointestinal disease and diarrhea in young European rabbits.
Koronavirusi yo mu nkwavu ifata imyanya yo munda igateran’impiswi ku nkwavu.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED or PEDV), has emerged around the world.
Virusi y’ingurube itera impiswi (PED cyangwa PEDV), imaze gusakara ku isi hose.
b'Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Icyorezo cya koronavirusi ya 2019 (COVID-19) ni indwara yandura itera virusi ifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero yo mu bwoko bwa 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
Ibimenyetso ikunze kugaragaza ni umuriro mwinshi, inkorora, no kubura umwuka.
Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, diarrhea, sore throat, loss of smell, and abdominal pain.
Ibindi bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara birimo umunaniro, kubabara mu mitsi, impiswi, kubabara mu muhogo, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo guhumurirwa no kunukirwa, no kubabara mu nda.
The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically around five days but may range from two to fourteen days.
Umuntu wayanduye agaragaza ibimenyetso mu gihe k’iminsi itanu ariko gishobora kuba hagati y’iminsi ibiri na cumi n’ine.
While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure.
Mu gihe abenshi mu banduye iyi virusi bagaragaza ibimenyetso byorohereje, bamwe bagira ibibazo byo guhumeka no kumva ingingo nyinshi z’umubiri zacitse intege.
As of 17 April 2020, more than 2.24 million cases have been reported across 210 countries and territories, resulting in more than 153,000 deaths.
Kugeza ku itariki ya 17 Mata 2020, abantu barenga miliyoni 2,24 bari bamaze kwandura mu bihugu n’uduce 210, bituma abagera kuri 153.000 babura ubuzima.
More than 568,000 people have recovered.The virus is primarily spread between people during close contact, often via small droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking.
Abarenga 568,000 barakize. Iyi virusi yandurira mu kwegerana, akenshi binyuze mu matembabuzi asohoka igihe umuntu akoroye, yitsamuye cyangwa avuga .
While these droplets are produced when breathing out, they usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than being infectious over long distances.
Mu gihe aya matembabuzi asohoka igihe umuntu ahumeka, ubusanzwe ahita agwa hasi cyangwa ku kintu aho kuba yakwanduza umuntu uri mu ntera nini.
People may also become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their eyes, nose, or mouth.
Abantu bashobora kwandura iyi ndwara kandi igihe bakoze ahari iyi virusi hanyuma bakikora mu maso, ku mazuru cyangwa ku munwa .
The virus can survive on surfaces up to 72 hours.
Virusi ishobora kumara hanze amasaha agera kuri 72 ikiri nzima.
It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread may be possible before symptoms appear and in later stages of the disease.The standard method of diagnosis is by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab.
Iba yandura cyane mu minsi itatu ya mbere nyuma yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso, nubwo ishobora no kwandura mbere yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso no mu gihe ubwandu buba butaragiraubukana.Uburyo bwizewe bwo kuyipima ni ubwo bita “real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)” ikorwa bakoresheje ibizamini byafatiwe mu mazuru.
The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers.
NI ngombwa ko umuntu ukekwaho ubwandu n’umwitaho bambara udupfukamunwa.
Recommendations for mask use by the general public vary, with some authorities recommending against their use, some recommending their use, and others requiring their use.
Amabwiriza ajyanye no kwambara agapfukamunwa ku bantu bose agenda atandukana, hari bamwe mu bayobozi bagira abantu inama yo kutatwakambara, abandi bagasaba abantu kukambara.
Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19.
Kugeza ubu, nta rukingo cyangwa umuti wihariye uvura COVID-19 bizwi.
Local transmission of the disease has been recorded in most countries across all six WHO regions.
Hari ubwandu hagati y’abantu bari mu gace kamwe byagaragaye mu turere dutandatu twose twa WHO.
Those infected with the virus may be asymptomatic or develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Abanduye iyi virusi bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso cyangwa bakagaragaza ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’ibicurane birimo nko guhinda umuriro, gukorora, kugira umunaniro, no kubura umwuka.
Emergency symptoms include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.
Ibimenyetso bikomeye birimo kugira ingorane mu guhumeka, kugira ububabare buhoraho cyangwa kuremererwa mu gatuza, kugira ibikezikezi mu maso, kunanirwa kugenda, gutukura mu maso cyangwa iminwa; bikaba ari ngomwa guhita umuntu yihutira kujya kwa muganga igihe aagaragaje ibi bimenyetso.
Less commonly, upper respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose or sore throat may be seen.
Ntibikunze kunaho ko wagira ibimenyetso birimo kugira ibibazo byo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero nko kwitsamura, gupfunagura cyangwa kubabara mu muhogo.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea have been observed in varying percentages.
Ibimenyetso byo myanya yo mu rwungano ngogozi nko kugira isesemi, kuruka no guhitwa bikunze kugaragara ku ijanisha riri hejuru.
Some cases in China initially presented only with chest tightness and palpitations.
Abarwayi bo mu Bushinwa baragaje bwa mbere ibimenyetso byo gufungana mu gatuza no gutera cyane k’umutima.
In some, the disease may progress to pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and death.
Kuri bamwe, indwara ishobora kugira ubukana bwinshi bikagera aho umuntu abura umwuka, ingingo nyinshi z’umubiri zigahagarara gukora ndetse hakazamo n’urupfu.
This is called the incubation period.
Ibi nibyo bita igihe cyo kwigaragaza kw’indwara.
The incubation period for COVID-19 is typically five to six days but may range from two to 14 days.
igihe cyo kwigaragaza kw’indwara ya COVID-19 ubusanzwe ni iminsi itandatu ariko ishobora kuba hagati y’ibiri na 14.
97.5% of people who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days of infection.Reports indicate that not all who are infected develop symptoms.
97.5% by’abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso icyo gihe gishobora kuba mu minsi 11,5 umuntu ahuye n’ubwandu. Raporo zivuga ko umuntu wese wandye atari ko agaragaza ibimenyetso.
The role of these asymptomatic carriers in transmission is not yet fully known; however, preliminary evidence suggests that they may contribute to the spread of the disease.
Uruhare rw’abanduye batagaragaza ibimenyetso ntabwo ruramenyekana kugezaubu; nyamara, amakuru ahari y’ibanze ni uko bashobora kwanduza abandi.
The proportion of infected people who do not display symptoms is currently unknown and being studied, with the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reporting that 20% of all confirmed cases remained asymptomatic during their hospital stay.
Umubare w’abantu batajya bagaragaza ibimenyetso kugeza ubu nturamenyekana ariko urimo kwigwaho, hashingiwe ku makuru atangazwa n’Ikigo cyo muri Koreya gishinzwe gukurikirana no kurwanya indwara (KCDC) avuga ko 20% y’abantu bose banduye barinda basezererwa mu bitaro nta bimenyetso bagaragaje.
China's National Health Commission began including asymptomatic cases in its daily cases on 1 April; of the 166 infections on that day, 130 (78%) were asymptomatic at the time of testing.
Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima yo mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa kuwa 1 Mata yatangiye gushyira abo bantu ku mibare y’abanduye itangaza buri munsi; mu bantu 166 batangajwe kuri uwo munsi, 130 (78%) nta bimenyetso bagaragazaga igihe bapimwaga.
Both sputum and saliva can carry large viral loads.
Igikororwa n’amacandwe bishobora gutwara ingano nini ya virusi.
Loud talking releases more droplets than normal talking.
Kuvuga cyane bituma hasohoka amatembabuzi menshi kurusha iyo umuntu avuga gahoro.
A study in Singapore found that an uncovered cough can lead to droplets travelling up to 4.5 meters (15 feet).
Ubushakashatsi bwo muri Singapuru ko gukorora utipfutse ku munwa bishobora gutuma amatembabuzi agenda akagera mu ntera ya metero 4,5 (15 feet).
Though the virus is not generally airborne, the National Academy of Science has suggested that bioaerosol transmission may be possible and air collectors positioned in the hallway outside of people's rooms yielded samples positive for viral RNA.
Nubwo virusi itandurira mu mwuka, Ikigo k’igihugu cy’ubumenyi kivuga ko bishoboka kandi umwuka wasohotse mu byumba by’abantu batandukany wakusanyijwe warapimwe basangamo virusi .
Some medical procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may cause respiratory secretions to be aerosolised and thus result in airborne spread.
Uburyo bwa kiganga burimo nko gushyira agatiyo mu muhogo no kongera umwuka (CPR) bushobora gutuma hari umwuka usohoka bikaba byatuma umuntu yakwanduzwa nawo.
While there are concerns it may spread via feces, this risk is believed to be low.The virus is most contagious when people are symptomatic; while spread may be possible before symptoms emerge, the risk is low.
mu gihe hari abibaza niba umubyeyi ashobora kwanduza umwana atwite, nta kintu kinini kirabyemeza. Virusi iba ishobora kwandura iyo abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso byayo; mu gihe hari amahirwe make yo kuba umuntu yakwanduza mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara,.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) says while it is not entirely clear how easily the disease spreads, one person generally infects two to three others.The virus survives for hours to days on surfaces.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurinda no gukurikirana indwara cyo mu Burayi (ECDC) kivuga ko nubwo uburyo virusi yandura ku buryo bworoshye butaramenyekana, umuntu ashobora kwanduza abantu bari hagati ya babiri na batatu. Viusi imara hanze igihe kibarirw mu masaha kugeza ku minsi.
Specifically, the virus was found to be detectable for one day on cardboard, for up to three days on plastic (polypropylene) and stainless steel (AISI 304), and for up to four hours on 99% copper.
By’umwihariko, virusi yamaze umunsi umwe ku kibaho, iminsi igera kuri itatu kuri pulasitiki (polypropylene) no ku byuma bikomeye(AISI 304), n’amasaha ane ku byuma bigondeka byoroshye ku kigero cya 99%.
This, however, varies depending on the humidity and temperature.
Ibi nyamara bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ubukonje ndetse n’ubushyuhe.
Soap and detergent are also effective if correctly used; soap products degrade the virus' fatty protective layer, deactivating it, as well as freeing them from skin and other surfaces.
Isabune n’imiti yica udukoko, iyo bikoreshejwe neza, bishobora kwica virusi; isabune yangiza” ikinure kirinda virusi”, ikakibuza gukora ndetse ikanagikura ku mubiri cyangwa ahandu hantu iyo virusi iri.
Other solutions, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate (a surgical disinfectant), are less effective.In a Hong Kong study, saliva samples were taken a median of two days after the start of hospitalization.
Ibindi bikoreshwa birimo imiti yitwa benzalkonium chloride na chlorhexidine gluconate( umuti wica udukoko), ariko nta bushobozi bwinshi ifite. Mu bushakashatsi bwo muri Hong Kong, hafashwe ibizamini by’amacandwe mu gihe k’iminsi ibiri nyuma yo kujyanwa mu bitaro.
In five of six patients, the first sample showed the highest viral load, and the sixth patient showed the highest viral load on the second day tested.
Batanu mu barwayi batandatu, ikizamini cya mbere cyagaragayemo ingano nini ya virusi, hanyuma uwa gatandatu yagaragayemo ingano nini ya virusi mu bipimo byo ku munsi wa kabiri .
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.
Indwara ikomeye y’igikatu ya coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 ni virusi nshya izahaza imyanya yo mu buhumekero, yagaragaye bwa mbere I Wuhan ku bantu batatu bari bafite ibibazo byo guhumeka bifitanye isano n’indwara z’ubuhumekero.
All features of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.
Ibintu byose biranga virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 bigaragara mu bwoko bwa koronavirusi.
Outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the original SARS-CoV.
Hanze y’umubiri w’umuntu, virusi yicwa n’isabune ikoreshwa mu rugo, yica ikinure kirinda virusi. SARS-CoV-2 ifitanye isano ya hafi na SARS-CoV ya mbere.
The lungs are the organs most affected by COVID-19 because the virus accesses host cells via the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is most abundant in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs.
COVID-19 yibasira cyane cyane ibihaha, kubera ko virusi igera inyuze mu cyo bita “enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)”, igaraga ku bwinshi mu bihaha.
The virus uses a special surface glycoprotein called a "spike" (peplomer) to connect to ACE2 and enter the host cell.
Virusi ikoresha igice cyayo k’inyuma kitwa “spike” (ikinure gikoze nk’ihembe) kikayihuza na ACE2 hanyuma ikinjira mu kinyabuzima.
Acute cardiac injury was found in 12% of infected people admitted in hospital in Wuhan, China, and is more frequent in severe disease.
12% y’abanduye bakajyanwa mu bitaro byo muri Wuhanm, mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa, basanganywe ibibazo bikomeye by’umutima kandi ibi bikunze kugaragara no mu ndwara zikomeye.
Rates of cardiovascular symptoms is high, owing to the systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during disease progression, but acute myocardial injury may also be related to ACE2 receptors in the heart.
Ikigero cy’abantu bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibibazo by’umutima kiri hejuru, bitewe no kubyimba no kwangirika kw’uburinzi bw’umubiri bihita bibaho uko indwara igenda igira ubukana, ariko ibibazo byo kwangirika kw’imitsi yo ku mutima bishobora kugirana isano n’umutima w’uwanduye ACE2 receptors.
ACE2 receptors are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in heart function.
Virusi ya ACE2 ihita yirukira mu mutima kandi ikagira uruhare mu mikorere y’umutima.
A high incidence of thrombosis (31%) and venous thromboembolism (25%) have been found in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections and may be related to poor prognosis.Autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 have found diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and lymphocyte-containing inflammatory infiltrates within the lung.
Abarwayi bo muri ICU banduye COVID-19 bagaragaje ibibazo Kubanagamira itembera ry’amaraso (31%) no kwangiza inzira z’amaraso (25%), bikaba bifitanye isano n’amahirwe make yo gukira. Ibizamini byafashwe ku bantu bishwe na COVID-19 byerekanye kwangirika kw’imyanya y’ubuhumekero (DAD), hamwe n’ibibyimba byo mu bihaha.
Although SARS-COV-2 has a tropism for ACE2-expressing epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, patients with severe COVID-19 have symptoms of systemic hyperinflammation.
Nubwo SARS-COV-2 ishobora kubana ACE2-mu mubiri na iherereye mu turemangingo two mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, abarwayi ba COVID-19 baagaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubyimba gukabije.
In particular, pathogenic GM-CSF-secreting T-cells were shown to correlate with the recruitment of inflammatory IL-6-secreting monocytes and severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients.
By’umwihariko, uturemangingo twaT dusohorwa n’indwara ya GM-CSF byagaragaye ko dukorana n’uturemangingo IL-6-dutera kubyimba mu barwayi ba COVID-19.
Lymphocytic infiltrates have also been reported at autopsy.
Ipimwa ryagaragaje uturemangingo tw’ubwirinzi mu mubiri w’uwahitanywe n’iyo virusi.
The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima WHO ryatangaje uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima icyorezo.
The standard method of testing is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Uburyo bwizewe bwo gupima icyorezo ni ubwitwa “real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)”.
The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by a nasopharyngeal swab; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample may also be used.
Ibipimo bikorerwa ku bizamini byafatiwe mu myanya y’ubuhumekero hakoreshejwe amatembabuzi yo mu mazuru; nyamara , ibimwira n’igikororwa nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa .
Results are generally available within a few hours to two days.
Ibisubizo biboneka mu gihe gikera ku masaha make kugeza mu minsi ibiri.
Blood tests can be used, but these require two blood samples taken two weeks apart and the results have little immediate value.
Hashobora gupimwa amaraso, ariko bisaba ibipimo bibiri by’amaraso byafaswhe mu byumweru bibiri bitandukanye kandi ibisubizo biba bifite agaciro gake ako kanya.
Chinese scientists were able to isolate a strain of the coronavirus and publish the genetic sequence so laboratories across the world could independently develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect infection by the virus.
Inzobere zo mu Bushinwa zashoboye gushyira ku ruhande uturemangingo twa koronavirusi hanyuma igatangariza isi yose ibyavuye muri laboratwari kugirango ishobore mu bwisanzure gukora uturemangingo (PCR) twakoreshwa mu gupima ubwandu bwa virusi.
As of 4 April 2020, antibody tests (which may detect active infections and whether a person had been infected in the past) were in development, but not yet widely used.
Kugeza kuwa 4 Mata 2020,hari ibipimo byarimo gukorwa ku basirikari barinda umubiri ( bishobora kwerekana ubwandu bukiri mu mubiri cyangwa niba umuntu yabayarahuye n’ubwandu mu gihe cyashize) ,ariko ntibyari byagatingiye gukoreshw ahantu henshi.
The Chinese experience with testing has shown the accuracy is only 60 to 70%.
Ubunararibonye bw’abashinwa mu gupima bwagaragaje ubushobozi bwo ku kigero cya 60% kugeza kuri 70%.
The FDA in the United States approved the first point-of-care test on 21 March 2020 for use at the end of that month.Diagnostic guidelines released by Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University suggested methods for detecting infections based upon clinical features and epidemiological risk.
Ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa n’imiti (FDA) cyo muri Leta Zunze z’Amerika cyemeje ahantu ho gupimira kuwa 21 Werurwe 2020 hagomba gutangira gukoreshwa mu mpera z’ukwezi. Amabwiriza ajyanye no gupima yatangajwe n’Ibitaro bya Zhongnan bya kaminuza ya Wuhan byagaragaje uburyo bwo gupima ubwandu hashingiwe kubigaragazwa no kwa muganga mdetse n’ibijyanye n’ingaruka z’icyorezo .
Bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution are common in early infection.
Mu ntangiriro ubwandu bukunze kurangwa no kwihisha k’uturemangingo twa virusi, tukirunda hamwe, tukitandukanya n’umubiri twinjiyemo nyuma tukazakwirakwira hose.
Subpleural dominance, crazy paving (lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling), and consolidation may appear as the disease progresses.
Uko icyorezo kigenda gikura, kigenda gikwira mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, kigakora inzira (kubyimbisha imyanya y’ubuhumekero gikoresheje gufunga inzira z’umwuka) no kwibumbira hamwe.
Few data are available about microscopic lesions and the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Hari amakuru make ajyanye n’ifoto yo muri mikorosikopi ndetse n’imiterere bya COVID-19.
The main pathological findings at autopsy are:
Iby’ingezi bushakashatsi ku miterere ya virusi bwakorewe ku murambo ni :
Macroscopy: pleurisy, pericarditis, lung consolidation and pulmonary oedema
Ibigaragarira amaso: ibibyimba mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, kubyimba kw’ibice bikikije umutima,gufungana kw’inzira z’ubuhumekero
Four types of severity of viral pneumonia can be observed:
hagaragaye ubwoko butatu bw’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubumekero biterwa na virusi:
mild pneumonia: pulmonary oedema, pneumocyte hyperplasia, large atypical pneumocytes, interstitial inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration and multinucleated giant cell formation
Kubura umwuka byoroheje: utubyimba turimo amazi mu bihaha, kwiyongera k’’uturemangingo two mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, ibibyimba bidasanzwe mu buhumekero, guturika k’utubyimba no kwirema k’uturemangingo dutandukanye
severe pneumonia: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with diffuse alveolar exudates.
umusonga ukaze: ukwirakwiza ukwangirika kw’inzira zinyuramo umwuka (DAD) maze amashyira agakwirakwira.
DAD is the cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe hypoxemia.
DAD niyo nyirabayazana y’indwara zikomeye zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero (ARDS) no gufungana kw’inzira z’amaraso.
healing pneumonia: organisation of exudates in alveolar cavities and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
Indwara zo mu buhumekero zitangiye koroha: kwirunda hamwe kw’amashyira mu myanya y’ubuhumekero no mu bihaha
Blood: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); leukoerythroblastic reaction
Amaraso: kuvira imbere (DIC); kwirema k’uturemangingo dushya mu maraso
Preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection include staying at home, avoiding crowded places, washing hands with soap and water often and for at least 20 seconds, practising good respiratory hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.
Mu ngamba zo kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu harimo kuguma mu rugo, kwirinda kujya ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi, gukaraba kenshi intoki ukoresheje isabune n’amazi kandi bigakorwa nibura mu gihe cy’amasegonda 20, kugirira isuku imyanya y’ubuhumekero no kwirinda kwikora ku maso, amazuru cyangwa ku munwa utakarabye intoki.
The CDC recommends covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and recommends using the inside of the elbow if no tissue is available.
CDC igira abantu inama yo kwipfuka umunwa ukoresheje agatambaro gasukuye mu gihe ukoroye cyangwa witsamuye cyangwa ugashyira ku munwa igice cy’akaboko kiri imbere y’inkokora igihe nta gatambaro gahari .
Proper hand hygiene after any cough or sneeze is encouraged.
Ni ngombwa gukaraba intoki igihe cyose umaze gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura.
The CDC has recommended the use of cloth face coverings in public settings, in part to limit transmission by asymptomatic individuals.Social distancing strategies aim to reduce contact of infected persons with large groups by closing schools and workplaces, restricting travel and cancelling large public gatherings.
CDC ikangurira abantu kwambara agapfukamunwa igihe bavuye mu rugo, mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu rikozwe n’abantu batajya bagaragaza ibimenyetso. Uburyo bwo guhana intera bugamije kugabanya iyegerana ry’abantu bazima n’abafite ubwandu hafungwa amashuri, aho abantu bakorera akazi, guhagarika ingendo no kubuza abantu guteranira ahantu hamwe .
Distancing guidelines also include that people stay at least 6 feet (1.8 m) apart.
Amabwiriza avuga ko abantu bagomba guhana intera ya 6 feet ingana na metero 1,8.
There is no medication known to be effective at preventing COVID-19.As a vaccine is not expected until 2021 at the earliest, a key part of managing COVID-19 is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as "flattening the curve".
Nta muti uzwi uvura COVID-19. Kubera ko urukingo biteganyijwe ko hafi rwaboneka ari muri 2021uburyo bwiza kwo guhangana n’iki cyorezo ni ugushyiraho ingamaba zituma ubwandu bushya bwa COVID-19 bugabanuka buzwi ku izina rya "flattening the curve" mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza.
The CDC also recommends that individuals wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty, before eating and after blowing one's nose, coughing or sneezing.
CDC ikangurira abantu gukaraba kenshi intoki ukoresheje isabune n’amazi kandi bigakorwa nibura mu gihe cy’amasegonda 20, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero cyangwa igihe bigaragara ko intoki zanduye, mbere yo kurya, nyuma yo kwipfuna, gukorora cyangwa kwitsamura.
It further recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol, but only when soap and water are not readily available.For areas where commercial hand sanitisers are not readily available, the WHO provides two formulations for local production.
CDC kandi ikangurira abntu gukoresha imiti yabugenewe yica udukoko ifite arukoru niba yo ku kigero cya 60%, ari iyi igakoreshwa igihe nta mazi cyangwa isabune bihari. Mu duce dufite ibibazo byo kubona iyo miti, WHO yashyizeho ubundi bwoko bubiri bw’imiti bwakoreshwa.
In these formulations, the antimicrobial activity arises from ethanol or isopropanol.
muri ubwo bwoko bw’imiti hari imiti yica udukoko izwi ku izina rya ethanol cyangwa isopropanol.
Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis".
Umuti witwa Hydrogen peroxide wirukana udukoko; ntabwo ar "umuti uvura indwara zo mu ntoki".
Glycerol is added as a humectant.
Umuti witwa Glycerol nawo wongerewe ku miti yakwifashishwa.
People are managed with supportive care, which may include fluid therapy, oxygen support, and supporting other affected vital organs.
Abantu bavurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye, burimo ubukoresha amatembabuzi, kongererwa umwuka, no kongerera imbaraga izindi ngingo zashegeshwe n’ubwandu.
The CDC recommends that those who suspect they carry the virus wear a simple face mask.
Ikigo Gishinzwe gukurikirana indwara cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (CDC) gikangurira abantu bakeka ko bafite ubwandu kwambara agapfukamunwa.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.
Uburyo bwo kongerera abarwayi umwuka (ECMO) bwakomeje gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka, kandi na nubu buracyahabwa agaciro.
Personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle and diet have been recommended to improve immunity.
Abantu bakangurirwa kugira isuku, kwita ku buzima bwawe no gufata indyo yuzuye mu rwego rwo kwiyongerera ubwirinzi bw’umubiri.
Supportive treatments may be useful in those with mild symptoms at the early stage of infection.The WHO and Chinese National Health Commission have published recommendations for taking care of people who are hospitalised with COVID-19.
Ubundi buryo by’inyunganizi mu buvuzi bushobora gukoreshwa ku bantu bafite bakigarahaza ibimenyetso byoroheje by’ubwandu. WHO na Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubuzima mu Bushinwa batangaje uburyo abarwayi ba COVI-19 bari mu bitaro bagomba kwitabwaho.
Intensivists and pulmonologists in the U.S. have compiled treatment recommendations from various agencies into a free resource, the IBCC.
Abaganga b’abarwayi b’indembe n’abindwara zo mu buhumekero bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bakusanyije amakuru ajyanye n’ubuvuzi bw’iyi ndwara yaturutse mu bigo bitandukanye (IBCC) maze bayashyira ahagaragara.
As of April 2020, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19.
Kugeza muri Mata 2020, nta muti wa COVID-19 uramenyekana.
For symptoms, some medical professionals recommend paracetamol (acetaminophen) over ibuprofen for first-line use.
Mu guhangana n’ibimenyetso, inzobere mu buganga zivuga ko hakoreshwa umuti witwa paracetamol (acetaminophen) mu mwanya wa ibuprofen mu minsi ya mbere y’uburwayi.
Precautions must be taken to minimise the risk of virus transmission, especially in healthcare settings when performing procedures that can generate aerosols, such as intubation or hand ventilation.
Hakwiye gufatwa ingamba zo kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu, cyane cyane mu mavuriro igihe bari gukora ibikorwa bishobora gusohora umwuka, zirimo nko gushyira udutiyo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyangwa kongerera abarwayi umwuka hakoreshejwe intoki.
For healthcare professionals caring for people with COVID-19, the CDC recommends placing the person in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) in addition to using standard precautions, contact precautions and airborne precautions.The CDC outlines the guidelines for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic.
CDC igira abaganga bita ku barwayi ba COVID-19 inama yo kubashyira mu cyumba cyabugenewe kizwi ku izina rya , Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) hakomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza yatanzwe, kwirinda kwegerena no kwamabara agapfukamunwa. CDC igaragaza urutonde rw’amabwiriza akwiye kubahirizwa mu ikoreshwa ry’imyambaro y’ubwirinzi yabugenewe (PPE) ikoreshwa mu kwirinda icyorezo.
The recommended gear is: PPE gown, respirator or facemask, eye protection, and medical gloves.When available, respirators (instead of facemasks) are preferred.
Iyo myambaro ni: Ikanzu ya PPE, agahumekero cyangwa agapfukamunwa , udupfukasura, ndetse n’udupfukantoki. Byaba byiza hakoreshejwe Uduhumekero, iyo duhari, aho kwambara udupfukamunwa .
N95 respirators are approved for industrial settings but the FDA has authorised the masks for use under an Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA).
Uduhumekero two mu bwoko bwa N95 twemerewe gukoreshwa mu nganda, ariko FDA yemeye ko udupfukamunwa twakoreshwa mu rwego rwo kwitabara (EUA).
They are designed to protect from airborne particles like dust but effectiveness against a specific biological agent is not guaranteed for off-label uses.
Twakozwe mu rwego rwo kurinda utwambaye imyanda yo mu mwuka nk’ivumbi ariko ubushobozi bwatwo mu kurinda ubwandu bwa virusi ntibwizewe neza.
When masks are not available, the CDC recommends using face shields or, as a last resort, homemade masks.
Mu gihe udupfukamunwa tudahari, CDC igira abantu inama yo gukoresha udushashi dupfuka isura, cyangwa , ku maburaburize, udupfukamunwa abantu bikoreye.
Most cases of COVID-19 are not severe enough to require mechanical ventilation or alternatives, but a percentage of cases are.
Abarwayi benshi ba COVID-19 ntabwo bazahazwa cyane na yo ku rwego rwo kuba bakongererwa umwuka cyangwa bahabwa ubundi buryo bwo guhumeka ariko hari ababikenera.
The type of respiratory support for individuals with COVID-19 related respiratory failure is being actively studied for people in hospital, with some evidence that intubation can be avoided with a high flow nasal cannula or bi-level positive airway pressure.
Hari ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa mu bitaro ku bijyanye n’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho byakoreshwa mu kongerera umurwayi wa COVID-19 umwuka, hakaba haboneka uburyo bwatuma hadakoreshwa udutiyo cyangwa ibindi bintu bacomeka mu muntu kugira ngo abashe guhumeka .