atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Duultonni iccitii dhuunfaa agarsiisa to’annaa tuutaa fayyadamoota vaayirasii koroonaa fayyadamuun ilaalchisee yaada qaban dhageessisaniiru, addatti waa’ee bu’uuraalee misoomaa to’annaa dhukkuba vaayirasii koroonaa biyyoota hunda keessatti argamanii dandamachuuf uumaman erga doorsisichi darbee akka diigamuu qabani.
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Amineestiin Idil-addunyaa fi dhaabbiileen biroo 100 ol ta’an daangaa to’annaa akkanaa irratti labsii waamichaa baasan.
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
Dhaabbileen piroojektoota mootummaarratti haaldureewwan saddeet labsaniiru:
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
Too’annoon “seera qabeesssa, barbaachisaa fi gitaqabeessa” ta’uun irraa eegama.
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
Dheeraachuun sakkata’uu fi too’anna gara ciroo dhiha biiftuu qabaachuuf ta’a;
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
Itti fayyadamni daataa kaayyoo COVID -19 tti daangeffamuun irra jiraachuu qaba;
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
Nageenyi daataa fi iccitiin maalummaa eeggamuu fi eegamuun isaa ragaa irratti hindaa’e agarsiifamuun irra jiraata.
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
to’annaan dijitaalaa loogiifi daangeffamuu hammeessuu irraa of-qusachuu qaba.
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
qaama sadaffaa waliin deetaa qooduun kamiyyuu seera keessatti hiikamuu qaba;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
Sarbamaa fi mirga lammiileen sarbama ofirraa ittisuuf qabaniif wabiin jiraachuu qaba ture.
meaningful participation by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
"""Hirmaannaan hiika qabeessi “qooda fudhattoota barbaachisoo” hundaa ogeeyyota fayyaa hawaasaa fi kutaalee hawaasaa dagatamanii dabalatee, barbaachisuu mala. Gumiin Kee’osii Kompiiteraa Jarmanii (CCC) fi Gabaastonni Daangaa Maleessaa (Ripporter oohine Gireenzenii) (RSF)s cheeklistoota kennaniiru."""
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Yaadrimeen karooraa Googilii/Aappilii rakkoolee hordoffii jala bu’iinsaa, yemmuu inni itti hin barbaachisnetti sirna hojjechiisaa meeshaa isaaniirraa balleessuun furuurratti kan kaayyeffatedha.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Biyyoonni muraasni bakka aappotaa, faana dhooftuu bakka-argamaa netwoorkiin hojjetu fayyadamanii, barbaachisummaa aappicha buusuu fi dandeettii faana dha’amuu ofirraa ittisuu hir’isaniiru.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Isiraa’el keessatti sirni faana dha’uu netwoorkii-irratti hundaa’e ragga’eera.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Furmaatawwan cimdaa irratti hundaa’an kan mala iddoo deetaa dheedhiitti qaban rakkoolee dhuunfaa hamoo gurguddoo qabu.
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Ta’us, sirnooti hundumtuu kan kaadima giddu galaa qaban deetaa iddoo dhuunfaatti mala qabaachuu hin qaban; sirnooti iccitii dhuunfaa eegan hedduun kan kaadima giddu galaa qofa quunnamtiif fayyadaman uumamaniiru (kutaa armaan gadii ilaalaa).
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Kooriyaa kibbaa kessatti siistemni applikeeshinii irratti hin hundoofne akkaataa itti wal quunnaman hojjete.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Appitti fayyadamuurra, sirnichi odeeffannoowwan madda garagaraa bilbilaa dabalatee daataa adda baasuu fi kaardii daddarbinsaa daataa fuunaanun, akkasumas isaan kanneen qindeessun erga barreeffamatiin dhukkubsataa beeksisuu wayya.
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Dabalataanis odeeffannoo eeggannoo xuxxuqqii danda’amaa fayyadamuun, akkasumas mootummaan bakkee odeeffannoo hawaasaaf qopha’aa taasiseera, erga dho’insa MERS biyya sana keessatti waan heeyyamame sababni isaa odeeffannoo irraa fageenyi seera odeeffannoo icciitii jijiire.
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Odeeffannoon kun uummataaf karaa appiiwwanii fi marsariitiiwwan hedduu ni argama. Biyyoonni Jarman dabalatee sirnoota gidduu gala ta’aniifi iccitii dhuunfaa eeguu danda’an lachuu tilmaama keessa galchan.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
Akkuma ebila 6 bara 2020, baballinnisaa haga ammaa hin ifoomne.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Yaada bu’uuraa haalan hundeeffamee fi qunnamttiwwan iccitii isaa eeggate barbaaduuf, qaama qorannoo hogbarruu yoo xinnate gara 2013 duubatti deebisa. Akka Ebla 7, 2020 tti, beektonni darzanaa ol ta’an falka iccitii tolaa gochuuf hojjechaa turan, kan akka biluutuuzii annisaa xinnoo(BLE) fayyadaman akka bilbilan dhiyeenya galu gochuu fayyadamu.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Ta’us, PEPP-PT’n carraaqqii qindeeffamaa adeemsota kan giddu gala ta’anii fi giddu gala hin taane of keessatti qabatu, akkasumas qajeelfama baaqqee miti. Qajeelfamoonni giddu gala hin taane kan isaan of-keessatti hammatan Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) fi kan biroo.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Pirootokoolota kanneen keessatti, daataan dhuunfaa eenyummaa qabu gonkumaa meeshicha irraa kan hin deemnee, fi firoomsuun hunduu meeshaama-irratti ta’a.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Gareen Odeeffannoo Dhuunfaa Laabii Sabquunnamtii MIT, yemmuu bakka argamaa funaanamuu fi maayiirra ooluuf ykn faffaca’iinsa COVID-19 faana dha’uuf yommuu daataan waltuquuf maloota odeeffannoo dhuunfaa eegan fayyadamuuf kan oolu dirree SeefPaaz jedhamu hojjachaa jira.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Innis qorannoo dabalataa “Aapponni Toorarra kaa’ataniiru: Weerara keessatti odeeffannoo dhuunfaa eeguu” Biteessa 2020 ba’e irratti kan hundaa’edha.Tattaaffiin walfakkaataan inni biraan dirree SeefTirees kan kampaanii teknoloojiiwwan odeeffannoo dhuunfaa hojjechaa jiru, jalqaba Laabii Sabquunnamtii MIT keessatti kan hundaa’e, kan Iinijmaa MPC ta’edha.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
Seeftirees Teeknooloojiiwwan haardweerii fayyadamtoota iddoo isaan jiraanii fi daataa fayyaa isaanii gara fayyadamtoota biroo fi seeraatti qooduuf, osoo iccitii dataa isaanitiif shaakkii hin qabaatin eega.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Eebla gaafa 5 2020, gareewwan bu’uurarraa yaada walfakkaatu fi pirootokolii baayyinaan walirra bu’u walitti fiduun, kaayyoo harcaatii hambisuu, fi fudhatamummaa ballaaaf furtuu isa ta’e aappota faana dha’uu fi dammaqsuu irratti waliin hojjechuu addunyaa dandeessisuuf, Gamtaan TCN addunyaa hun.daa’ee ture
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Eebla gaafa 9, 2020 mootummaan Singaapoor aappii mootummichaan kan fayyadamamu pirootokolii Biluu Tireesii banaa gochuusaa ibsee ture.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Ebla 10, 2020 irratti, Googilii fi Apple, dhaabbatoonni Andirooyidii fi iOS waltajjii moobaayila to’atan, jalqabbii hordoffii xuxxuqii beeksisan, Teeknoolojii humna gad-aanaa Biluutuuziitti hundaa’uun akkasumas kiriptoogiraafii dhuunfaa-hambisaa.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Barreeffama waayee Sirnicha keessatti teknoloojii ijoo fayyadamamuus maxxansaniiru.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Akka apple fi google tti, sirnichi sadarkaalee sadiin hirmaachuu barbaada:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
fayyadama meeshaalee mootummoota fayyadamoota faana dhahan vaayirasii koroonaa iccitii dhuunfaa eegan seera qabeessa ta’an uumuuf dandeessisuuf.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
Walitti hidhamiinsi kallattii caasaa iOS kanaa fi ittisaa fi AndroidGoogle fi Apple to’annoo fi ittisa fudhachuuf karoorsuun jalqabatti odeeffannoo haaraa baballisuu bu’uura godhatee, akkasumas boodarra karuma wal fakkaataa yaaddoon dura darbeen haquudha.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Adeemsa qorannoo keessatti argamni qoricha b'COVID-19 talaalli ittisaa yookiin ajaja wal’aansa argachuuf rakkina 2019-20 dhukkuba vaayrasii koronaa (COVID-19) kan olkaasudha.
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
Caasaan galmee Yaalii kilinikaala Idil-addunyaa WHO’n qorannoo 536 wal’aansa dhibee COVID-19 dhukkubaan dura oomishuuf galmeesse, kampaawondoota farra vaayrasii heddu dhukkuboota biroo wal’aanuf oolan ammaas akka faayidaa irra ooluf qorannoo kilinikaalaa jala jiru.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Bitootessa keessa, WHO’n biyyoota 10 keessatti "SOLIDARITY Trial" jalqabsiise, bu’aa wal’aansaa kompaawundoota farra vaayirasii jiran afur bu’a qabeessummaa ol’aanaa waliin tilmaamuuf namoota kumaatamaan lakkaa’aman kan COVID-19’n hubaman galmeessaa jira.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Keeddeebiin humna qabu, sirnaawaa ta’e Ebla 2020 tti wanta yaaliiwwan kilinikaawaa talaallii COVID-19’f fi kaadhimamtoota qorichaa damee wal’aansaa dhukkuba fayyisuu irratti xiyyeeffataniif galmaa’an irra jiran faana dhahuuf hundaa’e. Talaalliifi qoricha dagaagsuun adeemsa sadarkaa hedduu qabu, baratamaan nageenyummaafi bu’a qabeessummaa kompaawundii haaraa mirkaneessuuf waggoota shanii ol barbaada.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Oomishni qorichaa adeemsa talaalli dhukkuba dhibee haaraa akkasumas qoricha wal’aansaa gabaatti ni fida altokko kompaawoondiin adeemsa qoricha argachuu keessatti erga adda ba’e.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Innis kan dabalatu qo’annoo laaboraatoorii orgaanizimoota ijaan hin mullannee fi bineeldotaa, galmeessa haala to’annoo, kan akka karaa FDA, yaaliin dawaalee haaraa qoratamaa jiranii namootarratti akka taasifamuuf kakaasuuf, fi gabaarra oolmaa dawaa haaraaf adeemsa beekamtii to’annoo argachuus dabalachuu mala.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Argamni talaalli COVID-19 yookiin qorichi wal’aansa farra vaayrasii hubannoo keemikalaa waliin wal simuun talaalli yookiin gocha farra vaayralii qaaman alaa gara fuulduratti sirna pirofalaaktikii ta’uu danda’a.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Qabiyyeewwan keemikalaa haaraa(NCEs, akkasumas qabiyyeewwan molukilaraa haaraa jedhamuun kan beekaman yookiin NMEs) kompaawoondoota adeemsa argama qoricha talaalli fi kadhima farra vaayrasii adda baasuu irraa kan argamu.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Kunimmoo dhibee COVID-19 n walqabatee taargeetii baayoloojikaalaa irratti gocha abdachiisaa qaba.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Jalqaba oomisha dawaa fi talaalliitti waayee nagummaa, summaa’ummaa, akkaataa qorichi qaama keessatti itti hojjetuu fi meetaaboolizimii NCE nama keessattii waan baayyee muraasatu beekama.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Nagummaa fi bu’a-qabeessummaa mirkaneessuuf madaalliin murteessitoota kanaa wallaansa yaalii namaa irratti gochuun gahee hojii fi dirqama oomisha dawaati.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Kaayyoon dabalataa guddaan misooma qorichaa hammamtaa fi sagantaa yaalii namaa kilinikaa jalqabaa (FIN-jalqaba yaalii nama keessatti ykn FHD- hamma jalqaba namaa, yeroowwan darban keessattis FIM jedhamee beekama.)
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Dabalataan, dagaagfamni qorichaa amala fiizikookeemikaalaa NCE hundeessuu qaba: qabiyyee keemikaalaa isaa, tasgabbaa’inaa fi bulbulamummaa.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Warshaleen keemikaalaa akka isaan oomisha isaanii miligiraamarraa gara kiloogiraamaan oomishuutti guddisuudhaaf gargaruuf adeemsa oomisha isaanii fooyyessun irraa eeggama.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Oomishichi bifa kamiin yoo saamsame akka mijatuuf kaapsuloota, taableetota, eeyiroosoolii, maashaarra kan waraanamu, gogaarra kan waraanamu, ykn hiddarra akka waraanamuuf gadi fageenyaan ni madaalama
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Walitti adeemsonni kun oomisha mallattoon duraa fi mallattoon boodaa keessatti keemistirii, manufaakcheringii, fi To’annoo (CMC) jedhamee beekama. Malli oomisha dawaa hedduun ulaagaalee to’annoo aanga’oota eyyema dawaa kennanii guutuu irratti kan xiyyeeffatedha.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Kunniin walumaagalatti ilmaan namaa keessatti jalqaba hojiirra ooluun dura wantoota summaa’oo ijoo kompaawundii novel murteessuuf qorannoowwan saxaxamani.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Mootummaan Kaanaadaa doolaara kaanaadaa miiliyoona 275 wal’aansa ittisa COVID-19 irratti pirojektiiwwan qorannoo 96’f gargaarsa gochuuf beeksiseera, kaadhimamtoota talaallii baay’ee Yunivarsiitiiwwan Kaanaadaa dabalatee, karoora "baankii talaallii" talaalliiwwan haaraa yoo jalqabbiin koroonaa kan biraa uumameef hojiitti hiikuuf hundeessuu waliin.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Sagantaleen Yaalii kilinikaa sadarkaa fudhatama oomisha irra gahuuf sadarkaalee waggaa heddu, sadii of keessatti qabata, erga fudhatama argate boodas mijaa’inni talaalli yookiin qorichi wal’aansaa to’annoon ni godhama.
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Yaaliiwwan Kutaa I ffaa, yeroo baay’ee tola ooltota fayyaa ta’an keessatti, nageenyummaa fi hamma fudhannaa to’atu.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Yaaliin sadarkaa II dubbisa jalqabaa gahumsaa fi yaada bal’aa of eggannoo namoota lakkoofsan xinnoo ta’an irratti dhukkuba NCE 'dhaan galchuuf fayyada.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Yaaliiwwan marsaa III, yaaliiwwan utubduu gurguddaa namoota lakkoofsaan hedduu COVID-19 n hubamaniirratti ga’umsaan nageenyummaa fi bu’a qabeessummaa isaa murteessa.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Yoo nageenyummaa fi bu’a qabeessummaan haala quubsaan mirkanaa’e, qorannoon kilinikaawaa sadarkaa kanatti dhaabbachuu mala akkasumas NCE’n gara fayyadaminsa qorichaa haaraa sadarkaa (NDA) tti gurgurtaa jalqabuuf guddata.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Yaaliiwwan marsaa IV yaaliiwwan mirkaneessa boodaa ta’ee kan haalota FDA n eyyemamaniif ta’uu kan danda’uu fi qorannoo duuka bu’iinsaa gabaa boodaas ni jedhama.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Yaaliiwwan barbaachisan Dabalatee talaalli haaraa yookiin qoricha farra vaayrasii gara kilinikii yeroo jalqabaaf geessun, oomishtoonni summaa’ina yeroo dheeraa yookiin dhukkubbii hamaan haalan ibsamuu isaa, dhiibbaawwan sirnoota ammaa hin to’atamne dabalate (da’umsa, walhormaata, sirna ittis qaama, kanneen biroo) dhugoomsu qabu.
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Yuunaayitid Isteetsi keessatti, adeemsi kun “hojiirra oolmaa dawaa haaraa” ykn NDA jedhama.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Yoo yaalii kanarratti daataa walitti qabuun waayee ga’umsa poosetivaa ykn negetiivaa wallaansa kanaarratti dafee agarsiistuu kan kennu ta’e, diizaayiniin yaalii adeemsarra jiru akka “diizaayinii baratamaa” tti fooyya’uu danda’a.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Gamtaan addunyaawaa fi Argannoowwan yaalii Awurooppaa namoota hubamuu COVID-19 hammaataan qabamanii saxaxa madaquu danda’u ulaagaalee yaalii yeroo yeroon jijjiiruuf mul’achuu tarsiimoowwan yaaliiwwan damee wal’aansaa dhukkuba fayyisuu irratti xiyyeeffatanii afurii akka bu’aatti fayyadamuun.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Danaawwan madaquu danda’an sadarkaa II-III mudachaa jiru yaaliiwwan kilinikaa kaadhimamaa teeraapiyuutiksiin yeroo yaalii gabaabsuu, xumuruuf ykn milkaa’uuf murtoo ariitii fudhatamuu danda’uu fi jijjiirraa danaa yaalii bakka hundaatti waliin hojjechuu.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Kaadhimamtoonni qoricha nooveel baay’een (NCEs) yeroo dagaagfama qorichaatti hin milkaa’an, tarii isaan summaa’uu fudhatama hin qabne qabu yookaan sababa isaan salphaamatti dhukkuba irratti xiyyeeffatameef bu’a qabeessummaa hin agarsiifneef, akka yaalii kilinikaawaa Kutaa II-III tti.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Sadarkaan Kuufatii guddaa dagaagina qorichaa waliin walqabate “sadarkaa mukulaa’uu”, murtii dagaagina qooricha jalqaba “ajjeesuf” kuufaatii gatii kafalchisu hambisuuf gargara.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Qorannoon 2010 tokko qoricha baaqqee gara gabaatti fiduuf gatii kaappitalaa fi gaatii kiisii lachuu gara doolaara US biiliyoona 1.8 fi doolara miiliyoona 870 tti tilmaameera, duraaduubaan.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Tilmaammiin baasii giddu galeessaan bara 2015-16 yaalii qorannoo 10 kan dawaa farra kaanserii miliyoona $648 ture.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Gamaggama 2016 keessakaadhimamtootni dawaa 106 kara yaaliiwwan kilinikaa tilmaamamaniiru, baasiin waliigalaa qaama dawaa oomishuu karaawwan yaalii III mirkanaa’e biliyoona $2.6 (doolaara 2013 keessaa), hammamtaan galii kanaas waggaatti 8.5% dabalaa jira.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Yaaliiwwan torba qoricha kanaan dura dhukkuba busaa wal’aanuuf itti fayyadaman, qorannoowwan afur haaydirooksiikiloorookwaayin yookiin fikiloorookwaayin dabalate, sakkata’aa turan.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Qorichoonni bu’aa irradeebii qorannoo Chaayinootaa heddumminaan of keessatti qabata, yaalii dhibee sadarkaa III 9 remdesiver irratti biyyoota hedduu keessatti dhuma Ebla irratti ibsuuf.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Dhaabbata Bill fi Melinda Gates’n shariikota doolaara US miiliyoona 125 baasan waliin fi Dhaabbata Fayyaa Addunyaa waliin qindaa’uun hoogganama, Damee wal’aansaa dhukkuba fayyisuu irratti xiyyeeffatan kan COVID-19 kan Saffisiisan Bitootessa keessa jalqaban, qorattoonni daawaa dagaagsan dafanii adda akka baasaniif, xiinxalaniif, dagaagsaniif, fi wal’aansota humna qaban akka ol kaasaniif haala mijeessuun.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Gamtaan Qorannoo kilinikaalaa COVID-19 bu’aa qindaa’e fi saffisa ta’e yaaliiwwan kilinikaala idil-addunyaa irraa abdi wal’aansa dhukkuba booda baay’ee irratti uume.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Jalqaba 2020 tti, dhukkubaan hubamuu kan biroo yaaluuf kompaawundooti farra dhukkuboota vaayirasiin dhufanii baay’een kaayyoo haaraaf madaqfamanii yookaan carraaqqiiwwan qorannoo kilinikaawaa haaraa keessatti dhibee COVID-19 gad hir’isuuf dagaagfamanii turan.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Qoricha dursee mirkanaa’eef (kan akka hydroxychloroquine busaatiif), yaaliiwwan Kutaa III-IV namoota dhibbaa hanga kitilaa COVID-19’n qaban keessatti fayyadama qoricha dursee mirkanaa’ee dheerachuu danda’u dhukkubaan faalamuu COVID-19 wal’aanuuf murteessu.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Akka jalqaba Ebla 2020 tti, kaadhimamtoonni damee wal’aansaa dhukkuba fayyisuu irratti xiyyeeffatan 103 dursa kilinikaawaa yookaan sadarkaa dagaaginaa Kutaa I-IV keessa turan, kaadhimamtoota daawaa 29’f bu’aawwan yaalii yeroo Eblaa eegamu waliin.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Bitootessa keessa, Dhaabbanni Fayyaa Addunyaa (WHO) n namoota COVID-19 n hubaman kumaatama saffisaan madaaluuf “Duula yaalii” qindaa’e biyyoota 10 keessatti jalqabsiiseera. Dandeettiin bu’a-qabeessummaa farra vaayiresii fi wantoota farra dhaqna caccabsaa arma dura jiranii dhukkubbii COVID-19 f. ammallee addatti hin madaalamne
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Qorichi hamma du’a hir’isu jira?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Qorichi yeroo turtii dhukkubsatan mana yaalaa turu hir’isu jiraa?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Wal’aansonni fedhii namoota michii sombaa COVID-19’n dhufe waliinii qilleensa haaraa hayyamuuf yookaan kunuunsa ol’aana keessa turuu irratti dhiibbaa ni geessisuu?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Qorichi kun dhukkubbiin dhibee COVID-19 akka hir’atu gochuuf hojjettoota fayyaa fi namoota rakkoo cimaa dhukkubaa keessaa galan fayyaduu ni danda’a? Namoota COVID-19 qaban hirmaachisuuf daataa, gorsa barbaachisaa dabalatee, fuula inteerneetii WHO irratti gochuun ni salphata.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Erga hojjettoonni yaalii dawaawwan hospitaala keessa jiran murteessanii, marsariitiin WHO nama hospitaala gale gara dawaawwan yaalii tokkootti yookaan COVID-19 wal’aanuuf kunuunsa waaltawaa hospitaalaatti ramada.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Galmeewwan hakiimota yaalii fi odeeffannoon waayee hordoffii haala yaalamaa fi wallaansisaa, galtee daataa fixuun hundi karaa marsariitii Duulaa WHO ti.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Boordiin eegumsa nageenyummaa addunyaa hakiimota WHO murtiiwwan nageenyummaa fi dandeettii dawaalee yaaliirra jiraniif deeggarsa gochuuf, fi diizaayinii yaalii jijjiiruuf ykn wallaansa bu’a-qabeessa gorsuudhaaf bu’aawwan yeroo yaalii ni qoratu.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Qo’annoon walfakkaataa toora marsariitii Gamtaatti, "Discovery" jedhamu irratti hundaa’e, Bitootessa keessa biyyoota torbaan INSERM’n jalqabame (Faransaay, Paaris). Yeroo Bitootessaatti, namoota 203,000, dhaabbilee fi mootummoota irraa gargaarsi yaalii gamtaadhaaf doolaara miiliyoona 108 gaheera, biyyoonni 45 faayinaansii yookaan to’annaa yaalii keessatti hirmaachuun.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Qorannoo jelatti dawaawwan kaadhimamtoonni baay’een akka ‘’gargaartuu’’tti yaalii obsiistuu yeroo dhukkubaaf, kanneen akka NSAIDs ykn biroonkoolidaatorii, gabatee armaan gadii keessatti hin hammatamne.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Kanneen biroo sadarkaa jalqabaa yaaliiwwan sadarkaa II keessa jiran yookiin wal’aansi kaadhimamtoota yaaliiwwan sadarkaa I hedduunis, hin hammatamne.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Kaadhimamtoonni qorichaa yaaliiwwan Kutaa I-II dhuma irratti mirkana argachuuf kutaawwan yaalii hunda keessa darbuuf saffisa milkaa’inaa gadi aanaa (12% gadi) qabu.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Haayidroogzaayilkiloorookiniin Yuunaayitid Isteetsi keessatti kiloorookinii caalaatti baayyinaan argama.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Biyyoonni baayyeen namoota COVID-19 n hospitaala jiran wallaanuuf kiloorookinii ykn haayidiroogzaayikilookinii fayyadamanis, hamma Bitootessa 2020 tti dawaan kun Yuunaayitid Isteetsi keessatti sirnaan karaa wallaansa yaaliitiin hin mirkanoofne.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chloroquine wal’aansa COVID-19’f angaawota fayyaa Chaayinootaan, Kooriyaa Kibbaa fi Xaaliyaaniin eerameera, ejensiiwwan kunniinii fi CDC’n US namoota dhibee onnee yookaan dhibee sukkaaraa qabaniif akka hin fudhanne yoo dhorkanis.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Dawaaleen lamaan dawaalee ajajoota ogeessaan kennaman waliin hariiroo cimaa kan qaban, hamma qorichaa wallaansaaf kennamuu fi miidhaa dhukkubaa irratti dhiibbaa kan qabaatanidha.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Namoonni muraasni dawaalee kanaaf deebii ariifataa qabu. Eebla gaafa 12, wallaansi yaalaa marsaa duraa hospitaala Biraazil keessatti geggeeffamaa ture yemmuu namoonni hedduun dhibee COVID-19 f kiloorookinii doozii guddaa fudhatanii rukuttaa onnee hin malle godhachuun, du’aatii 11f sababa ta’e dhaabsifamee ture.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Yaaliiwwan wallaansaa Chaayinaa Wuhaanii fi Sheenjiyeen faavipiraaviriin “Ifatti dandeettii-qabeessa” akka ta’e agarsiisuu isaa ibsaniiru.
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Dhukkubsattoota sheenzyen keessaa 35 giddugaleessaan guyyaa 4 keessatti qoratamanii negatiiva ta’aniiru, turtiin dhukkubbi dhukkubsattoota 45 kan isa hin fudhannee ammo guyyaa 11 ture.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Qu’annoo Wuhaan keessatti dhukkubsattoota michii sombaa qaban 240 irratti gaggeeffameen walakkaan favipiravir walakkaan immoo umifenovir tu kennameef.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Jechi “qorannoo kilinikala duraa” qo’annaa laboraatoorii qaama keessaa fi qaama alaa tin, sadarkaa jalqaba guddina talaalli agarsiisuun, farra vaayraasii yookiin wal’aansa farra qaama alagaa monokiloonii, kan akka yaalii hammantaa qorichaa bu’a qabeessa ta’e fi summaa’ina isaa, kompaawoondiin kaadhimamaa of eggannoo fi gahumsa qorannoo namoota irratti osoo hin taasisin dura ibsama.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Antibayootikii Muraasni akka wal’aansa COVID-19 tti ooluu danda’uu malu.
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Bitootessa 2020 tti, pirooteesiin ijoo vaayirasii SARS-CoV-2 qorichoota dhukkubaan faalamuu boodaatiif akka maniitti adda baafameera.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Inzaayimiin kun raayibooniwuklik asiidii vaayiresichaa baayyisuuf seelii baattootiif barbaachisaadha.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Iinzaayimicha argachuudhaaf saayintistoonni kuusaa sanyii qorattoota Chaayinaatiin Amajjii 2020 maxxanfame pirooteesii haadhoo irraa adda baasuuf fayyadamaniiru.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Akka kuusaa humnaa qondomina wal’aansatti, isaanis sadarkaa III lamaan waliin hirreewwan 2020 pirojektii walta’aa COVID-19 irratti faayidarra oola.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Qorannaan marsaa duraa makaa looppiinaavaayerii fi ritoonaavaayerii namoota COVID-19 n hospitaala jiran irratti Chaayinaatti godhame irratti dhiibbaansaa hin mullanne.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Dawaalee iddoo haaraa geessuun (dawaa kaayyoo biraaf oolchuu, barreeffama haaraa kennuufi, hojii biraaf oolchuu ykn jijjiirraa wallaansaa jedhamuunis ni beekama) dawaa mirkanaa’ee tureef kaayyoo biraa kennuufiin isanni jalqaba ittiin hojjetameefiin alatti wallaansa dhukkuba biraaf ykn haala fayyaa biraaf oolchuudha.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Inni kun sarara qorannoo saayinsawaa yeroo ammaa kana wal’aansa gaarii fi bu’a qabeesssa COVID-19 argachuuf amansiisaa jiruudha.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Kallattiiwwan qorannoo biroon barbaacha talaallii COVID-19 fi daddarbiinsa hamaa pilaasmaa ni hammata. SARS-CoV-2n pirootiiniiwwan dawaa gara 66 qaba, hundi isaanii fuuncaa wlitti hidhamsaa baay’ee qabu.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Maddawwan wal qabatan kana xiinxaluudhaan hojiin bu’a qabeessi talaallii kan farra pirootiinii COVID-19 argachuu irratti dha.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Pirootiinota manii baay’ee barbaachisoo SARS-CoV-2 keessaa pirooteesiin akka papain, RNA poolimereesii RNA irratti hirkatu, heelikeesii, pirootiinii S, fi riiboofoosfeeteesii ADP.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
Huseen A A, et al kompaawundoota kaadhimamoo hedduu qoratee walfakkeenyi lafee isaanii dawaalee mirkanaa’oo hunda caala isa fakkaatuun kan sirreessee fi xiinxale, qorannoo mallattoon duraa isaa keessatti oomisha dawaa jabaa farra-SARS-CoV-2 ariifachiisuun diizaayinii qorannoo kilinikaalaa keessatti akka kaadhimamuufi.
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
Kiloorookiniin qoricha farra maalaariyaa ta’ee dhukkuboota madiinummaa-ofiirrattis ni fayyada.
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
Bitootessa gaafa 18, WHO n kiloorookinii fi kan isatti dhiyaatu haayidiroogzaayikiloorookiniin dawaalee akka qaama Duula wallaansa yaaliitti qorataman afran keessa tokko akka ta’an beeksiseera.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Bulchaan Niwuyoork Andireewu Kuumoo yaaliiwwan chloroquine fi hydroxychloroquine mootummaa Niwuyoork bitootessa 24 akka jalqabu beeksisaniiru. Gaafa bitootessa 28, FDAn fayyadama hydroxychloroquine sulfate fi chloroquine phosphate EUA jelatti aangeseera.
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
Wallaansi kun adeemsa wallaansa yaalii FDA’tiin kan hin mirkanoofnee fi dhukkubsattoota hospitaala jiranii fi yaala wallaansa yaalii argachuu hin dandeenyeef akka wallaansa shaakalaatti, yaala hatattamaaf akka fayyadamamuuf EUA jalatti eyyema argate.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
CDC’n akka jedhetti "fayyadamiinsi, hammi fudhannaa, yookaan turmaati hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis’f yookaan wal’aansa hubama SARS-CoV-2’f" ammayyuu hin hundeeffamne.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
Doktoroonni qoricha “filannoon biraa hin jiru” taanan akka fayyadaman dubbatanii jiru.
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Gareen qorannaa Turkii Istaanbul keessatti zinkii, vitaamin A, vitaamin C fi vitaamin D wajjiin walitti makuun itti fayyadama kiloorookinii irratti qorannoo xinnoo geggeessaa jira.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
Qorannoowwaan gurguddoon Yuuniversiitii Diyuukii fi Yuuniversiitii oof Ooksifoorditti adeemsifamaa jiru.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
Manni Barumsaa Fayyaa NYU nageenyummaa fi bu’a qabeessummaa haayidiroogzaayilkiloorookinii ittisaaf fayyadamuu irratti yaalii gaggeessaa jira.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Yaaliiwwan kilinikaawaa Chaayinootaa Wuhaanii fi Sheenzheen keessaa favipiravir "ifaatti bu’a qabeessa" akka ta’e ibsuu yaalani.
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Sheenijeen keessatti dhukkubsattoonni 35 giddu-galeessaan guyyoota 4 keessatti bu’aa qorannoo negetiiva kan argatan yommuu ta’u, dhukkubsattoota 45 hin fudhatiin hafan irrattimmoo dheerinni yeroo dhukkubbii guyyoota 11 ture.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Wuhaan keessatti qorannoon dhukkubsattoota niimooniyaa 240 irratti godhamee, gartokkeef favipiraavaayeriin kennamee fi gartokkeen immoo aamifeenoovaayerii fudhatani.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
Ejeensiin dhabbata qorichaa Xaaliyaanii gargaarsi qorichaa ragaa jiruun xinnoo fi bu’uura akka ta’e hawaasa yaadachise.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
Ebla gaafa 2, Jarmaniin dawicha kuusaa dilbii isheetiif Jaappaan irraa akka bittuu fi dawaa gara hospitaalota Yuuniversiitii iddoo dawaaleen dhukkubsattoota COVID-19 wallaanuuf hojiirra oolutti geessuuf immoo humna waraanaa akka fayyadamtu ibsitee turte.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Akka Maxxansa Ganamaa Chaayinaa Kibbaatti (South China Morning Post), Shinzo Abe’n bulchiinsa Trump’f waa’ee qorichicha bituu fedhii agarsiisaniiru. Qorichichi tarii dhimmoota hammaatoo dhibee iddoo vaayirasoonni lakkoofsaan baay’atanitti bu’a qabeessummaan isaa gadi aanaa ta’uu danda’a.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
Dubbartoota ulfaatif yookiin ulfaa’a jiraniif gaarii ta’u dhabuu mala.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
Qorannoon lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) tokko, walitti makama farra dhukkuboota vaayirasiin dhufanii lopinavir fi ritonavir akka “bu’aan tokkoyyuu hin mul’anne” guduunfani.
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Qorichichi HIV akka of hin baay’isnee dhorkuufi pirootesii irratti akka maxxanuutti hojjetame.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Gareen qorattootaa Yuuniversiitii Koloraadoo kompaawundii pirooteesii SARS-CoV-2 waliin firoomuu danda’u argachuuf dawaalee fooyyessuuf dhama’aa jiru. Dawaaalee addatti HIV/AIDS f hojjetaman kaayyoo biraaf oolchuuf galteewwan kallattii qabsiisuu irratti hawaasa saayinsii keessa qeeqawwanis ni jiru.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
Dhaabbanni fayyaa addunyaa(WHO)n lopinavir/ritonavir akka tokkummaa yaalii addunyaatti fudhate.
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
Remdesivir akka wal’aansa dhukkuba vaayirasii Iboolaatiif fi dhukkubaan faalamuu vaayirasii Marbargiif Gilead Sciences’n uumame fi dagaagfame. Gilead Sciences isa booda Remdesivir gocha farra vaayirasummaa qaamaan alaa (meeshaa saayinsawaa keessatti) multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, fi vaayirasii koroonaa irratti akka qabu argatan.
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Rakkoon wal’aansa farra dhukkuboota vaayirasiin dhufanii jiru tokko jijjiiramaan ittisa dagaagu kan dhibee baay’ee hammaataa fi daddarbaatti geessu ta’uusaati.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Qorannoowwan yaalii duraa muraasni akka ibsanitti remdeesivaayeriin dandeettii dhiibbaa jala dhaabbachuu sanyii guddaa qaba. Lameen Hospitaalota Yuuniversitii Kileevlaandiin godhaman; tokko namoota dhukkubbii giddu-galeessaa qabanii fi kanbiraan immoo warreen dhukkubbii jabaa qabanii, dabalatee wallaansawwan yaalii hedduutu adeemsifamaa jira.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
Yaaliiwwan kilinikaawaa sadii kan vaayitaamiin C namoota hospitaala galaniifi COVID-19’n baay’ee hubaman karaa hidda dhiigaan kennuufiitu jiru; qoricha wal-bira-qabiinsaan kan to’ataman lama (Chaayinaa, Kanaadaa) fi kan to’annoo malee waliinii (Xaaliyaan)
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
Bulchiinsi Niw Yoorkii Bitootessa gaafa 24, 2020 farra lubbu-qabeeyyii azitroomaayisiin f yaalii jalqabeera.