atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Dhiphina sammuu: Akka armaan olitti ibsametti, yeroo jalqabbii COVID-19 tti dhukkubsattoonni baay’een dhiphina addaatiin dararamaniiru isaan waan yeroo dheeraaf qofaatti baafamaniif akkasumas haala hin beekamne ol’aanaa keessa turaniif fi waan du’a miseensota maatii dhiyoofi dhukkubsattoota hiriyaa ta’an dhugaa ba’aniifi.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Gorsa xiinsammuu fi deeggarsa yeroo dheeraa dhukkubsattooti kunniin akka isaan dhiphina isaanii irraa bayyaannataniifi jireenya idileetti akka deebi’aniif gargaaruuf dhiyeessuun baay’ee barbaachisaadha.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
Akka qorannaa qubsuma ummataa si’a darbeetti, COVID-19 amala qorannaa weeraraa irratti hundaa’uun SARS irraa garaagarummaa qaba..
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
SARS-CoV-2 akkuma CoVs utaalloo nama qabsiisuu sana qaama hargansuu gadi aanaa keessatti wal horuun dabalatatti, qaama hargansuu olaanoo keessattis wal horu akkasumas sadarkaa jalqabaa irratti mallattoo salphaa yookaan agarsiisuus dhabuus danda’a.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Kanaafuu, dhukkubsattoonni sadarkaa jalqabaatti yookaan yeroo hamma mallattoon mul’atuutti hubaman, to’annaa weerarichaaf rakkina guddaa uumuun yeroo sochiiwwan guyyaa guyyaatti vaayirasii hamma guddaa oomishuu danda’u.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Ta’us, daddarbuun SARS-CoV yeroo dhukkubsattoonni haala hamaan isaan dhukkubu akka uumamu xiinxalamee ture, yeroo daddarbaan harki caalaa sadarkaa jalqabaatti hin uumaminitti.
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Kanaafuu, weerarri COVID-19 kan yeroo ammaa SARS caalaa hamaa kan ta’ee fi too’achuuf ulfaataa kan ta’eedha.
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Chaayinaatti Wuhaanii fi magaalota naannoo Sanaa cufuu dabalatee akkasumas walitti aansuudhaan hanga guutuu ummataatti adda foo’uudhaan tatamsa’ina SARS-CoV-2 hanqisuuf yeroo ammaatti tattaaffii guddaatu godhamaa jira.
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Gochi kunneen diinagdee barbadeessaa kan jiran ta’us, lakkoofsi namoota haarawa qabamanii hir’ataa jira, kunis weerarichi hir’achaa jiraachuu mul’isa.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Tilmaammiin fuulduratti baay’ee waanta gaarii abdatu jalqabbichi Bitootessatti akka xumuramuufi sadarkaan haalli isaa itti hir’atu ji’oota 3-4’f akka turu ture.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Haa ta’u malee, ogeeyyonni tokko tokko kanarratti ilaalcha gaarii hin qabna..
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paawul Haaanter, et al., COVID-19 akka tilmaametti, SARS caala dhukkubsa, bara 2020tti hin badu.
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Iraa Longiinii, eet aal., moodelii miidhaa weerarichaa raaguuf hundaa’ee fi SARS-CoV-2 ummata addunyaa lama-sadaffaa ni qaba yaanni jedhu dhihaate.
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
Gareen Kaanaadotaa SARS-CoV-2 furrii walakkeessa funyaanii fi qoonqoo dhukkubsattoota bayyannataniifi hospitaalicha torban 2 dura gadhiisan keessaatti argamuu gabaasan, kan vaayirasiin haaraa adda ba’e akkuma infiluweenzaa marsaan kan deddeebi’u ta’uu isaa agarsiisuun.
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
Ta’us, lakkoofsaan gadi bu’uu dhimmoota haaraa irratti hundaa’uun mallattooleen abdachiisan Chaayinaa keessatti uumamaniiru, tarsiimoowwan yeroo ammaa tarii hojjechaa jiraachuu isaanii agarsiisuun.
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
Iboolaan jalqabatti dhimmoota miiliyoonaan lakka’amaniifi du’a miiliyoona walakkaa akka geessisutu raagame.
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
Garuu, adda foo’insa murtaa’aa ta’een, dhukkubichi suuta suutaan too’annaa jala oolee jira.
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
Akkuma SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2’nis vaayirasoota waliin qaama namaa keessatti argaman laafaa dhufanii yookaan vaayirasii dhibee fiduu hin dandeenye nama wajjiin jiraatan ta’aa dhufanii jiru.
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
Wal bira qabiinsi weerara COVID-19 SARS fi MERS waliinii jalatti dhiyaateera (Fakkii. (Fakkii.55)
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 haala ol’aanaan karaa qufaa yookaan haxxissoo, akkasumas tarii karaa quunnamtii kallattii meeshaawwan vaayirasichaan faalaman waliin daddarba.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
Vaayirasichi akkasumas bobbaawwan keessatti argameera, kan carraa haaraa daddarbuu bobbaawwanii-gara-afaanii kakaasu.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Akka qorannoon dhiheenya kana dhukkubsattoota 138 irratti godhame gabaasetti 41% kan qabaman faalama noosokomiyaatiin, dhukkubsattoota 17 dhibee biraas qabanii fi hojjattoota yaala fayyaa 40 dabalatee.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Kanaaf, of-eeggannoon guddaa nama eeguuf fayyadamamuu qaba, keessumattuu dhiheessitoota kunuunsa fayyaatiif, hojjettoota hawaasaaf, miseensota maatiif, hiriyootaa, fi eegdota dhukkubsatoota yookan namoota faalaman waliin quunnamtii qabaniifiyyuu.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Sararri ittisa jalqabaa balaa dhukkubaan hubamuu xiqqeessuun ittiin danda’amu karaa golgaawwan fuulaa uffachuu; fayyadaminsa golgaawwan kutaa baqaqsanii hodhuu fi golgaawwan N95 ittiin harganuun danda’amu lachuu (series # 1860s) faffaca’insa vaayirasootaatiif to’achuuf gargaaru.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Golgaawwan fuulaa kutaa baqaqsanii hodhuu cophoota dhangala’oo ta’an nama haala cimaan hubame irraa qilleensa keessa deemuu yookaan dirrawwan meeshaalee irra qabachuu irraa, iddoo isaan kanneen biraatti darbuu danda’an ni ittisu.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Ta’us, golgaawwan N95 (series # 1860s) qofaatu yeroo qilleensi gara keessaatti fudhatamu qabiyyee vaayirasii waliigalaa hamma 10 gara 80 nm tti xiqqaatan irraa eegumsa gochuu danda’a, qabiyyee vaayirasii waliigalaa 5% guutummaatti uranii lixan waliin; SARS-CoV-2’n SARS-CoV waliin hammamtaan walfakkaatoodha akkasumas lachuu tilmaamaan 85nm dha.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Wantoonni xixiqqoon haguugduu fuulaa kan yeroo baqaqsanii yaaluu walitti qabatan shan keessa darbuu waan danda’uuf, hojjattoonni yaala fayyaa kallattiidhaan dhukkubsataa wajjiin walqunnaman haguugduu baqaqsanii yaaluu osoo hin taane isa N95 (walqabataa # 1860s) kaawwachuu qabu.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Golgaawwanitti dabalataan, dhiyeessitoonni kunuunsa fayyaa wandaboo dheeraa qofaatti baasu kan gitu caalaatti quunnamtiii vaayirasootaa hir’isu uffachuu qabu.
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Vaayirasichii namoota karaa ijaatiinis qabuu handa’a.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
Amajji 22, 2020 tti, doktarri tokko golgaa N95 uffatee jiraates SARS-CoV-2 hubameera; vaayirasichi gara qaama isaa keessaatti tarii dhiita ija isaa keessaan galee ta’uu danda’a.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Kanaafuu, hojjattoonni yaala fayyaa yeroo dhukkubsataa wajjiin hojjatan haguugduu ijaa fi fuulaa agarsiisaa ta’e uffachuu qabu.
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
Uummata waliigalaa iddoowwan dhiibbaan irra gahe yookaan haala jabaan dhiibbaan irra gaheef, namni hundumtuu harkoota isaanii saamunaa farra orgaanizimoota xixiqqootiin isa barame caalaa yeroo baay’ee dhiqachuu, qofaatti of-baasuu dhuunfaatiif mana turuu yaaluu akkasumas namoota haala jabaan hubaman waliin quunnamtii daangessuun haala ol’aanaan gorfamu.
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
Faanni sadi namoonni dhukkubsattoota irraa hiiquuf sirrii akka ta’etti fudhatama.
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
Gochi kun tooftaa dhibee hir’isuu fi tatamsa’ina vaayirasiis ittisuuf ni fayyada.
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
SARS-CoV-2 addunyaa dhala namaatti akka vaayirasii haaraatti dhufus akka gabaasa amajjii 7, 2020’tti SARS-CoV wajjiin kan wal fakkaatuu fi yaadannoo gadi fagoo SARS bara 2003 Chaayinaatti akeekkachiisa cimaa uumee ture.
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
Haa ta’u malee, hanga ammajjii 19, 2020’tti hoogganaan Giddugala Too’annoo Dhibee Wuhaan vaayirasiin haaraan dhukkubbii gadi bu’aa fi namootarraa namootatti walhoruu murtaa’aa kan qabu fi kun immoo ittisuu fi too’achuuf rakkina akka hin taane lammiileetti himuudhaan kan jajjabeessan hin turre.
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
Ergaan kun haala ajaa’ibsiisaan akeekkachiisa uummataa qabbaneesseera, keessattuu yeroo biyyi guutummaan Ayyaana Birraaf (Spring Festival) qophaa’aa turetti, akkasumas yerichi murteessaan Wuhaan keessatti dhukkuba hamma xiqqaan qabaachuu isaatiin darbeera.
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
Ejensiiwwan to’annoo dhukkubaa Chaayinaa keessaa barumsa cimaa kana fudhachuufi fuulduraaf fooyya’insawwan murteessoo tolchuu malu.
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
Fakkeenyaaf, ejensiiwwan kunniin (1) labsiiwwan uummataa yommuu labsanitti caalaatti of-eeggachuu qabu jechi hunduu lammiileef gatii qaba akkasumas ilaalcha isaaniifi murtoowwan isaanii jijjiiruu danda’a; (2) gabaasa seera qabeessa doktaroota yookaan qondaaltota irraa eeguu irra odeeffannoo waan baratame irraa adda ta’e kiliniikota irraatti caalaatti miira qabeessa ta’uufi yaada kennuu qabu; (3) uummata jajjabeessuu irra sadarkaa jalqabaa isaatti weerara qabachuuf caalaatti daangeffamuu qabu; akkasumas (4) caalaatti yeroo baay’ee karaa ittiin hubannoon kennamuu danda’u kan kaayyoo qabuufi bu’a qabeessa ta’e hubannoo uummataa waa’ee weerara dhukkubootaa dabaluuf dhiyeessuu akkasumas qorachuufi sirna deebii hawaasaa yeroo yerootti fooyyessuu qabu.
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
Weerarri COVID-19 kan muudate sababa SARS-CoV-2 dhuma muddee 2019tti muudateeni.
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
Ji’oota lamaa gaditti, yeroo barreeffama kanaatti guutuu Chaayinaattii fi biyyoota biro 50’tti dhihaatan irra tatamsa’e.
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
Erga vaayirasichi SARS-CoV waliin baay’ee walfakkaataa ta’eefi akkasumas mallattooleen akkasuma COVID-19 fi SARS gidduu walfakkaatoo ta’anii, jalqabbiin COVID-19 miira irra deebi’ee jalqabuu SARS uumeera.
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
Haa ta’u malee, COVID-19 fi SARS jidduu garaagarummaa ifaatu jira, kan weeraricha dhaabuu fi dhukkubsataa yaaluuf murteessaa ta’e.
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 dargaggoota caala jaarsolii qaba, dubartoota caala dhiira qaba, fi hammi du’aa akkasuma dargaggeessa caala jaarsolii irratti ol kaa’a.
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS COVID-19 (10.91% fi 1.44% yoo walbira qabamu) caalaa carraa ajjeesuu qaba.
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
Dhukkubsattoonni COVID-19 yeroo mallattoo agarsiisuu hin eegalinittis nama biraatti ni dabarsu kan SARS immoo yeroo garmalee dhukkubsatetti nama biraatti dabarsa, kunis COVID-19 ittisuun SARS ulfaataadha.
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
Kun gama tokkoon SARS-CoV-2 maaliif saffisaa fi bal’inaan akka tatamsa’u ibsa.
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
Akkaataan taa’umsa yeroo maraa RNA SARS-CoV-2’f dhukkubsattoota COVID-19 muraasa keessatti negatiivii ta’uu danda’a.
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
Karaa biraatiin, dhukkubsattoonni fayyan vaayirasichaaf irra deebi’anii positiivii ta’uu danda’u.
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
Argannoowwan kunniin balaa faffaca’insa vaayirasichaa haala ajaa’ibaan dabalu.
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
Qorannoowwan saffisaan COVID-19 irratti godhamaa jiran irratti hundaa’uun, dhimmoonni murteessoon hedduun ammas furamuu qabu, akka armaan gadiitti:
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
SARS-CoV-2 eessaa dhufe?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
Sanyiin homologii walfakkaataan 96% SARS-CoV-2 fi simbira halkanii lama kan CoVwwan SARS’n fakkaatanii gidduutti argamanis, ammayyuu nuyi SARS-CoV-2 simbirroota halkanii irraati jennee guduunfuu hin dandeenyu.
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
Sanyii bineensa akkamiitu vaayirasicha mandhee jalqabaa irraa tamsaasa, simbiroota halkanii jedhi, gara namaatti?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
Osoo deebii #1 fi 2 hin beekin, tatamsa’iinsa bifa bu’a qabeessa ta’een kutuu hin dandeenyu, akkasumas weerarichi yeroo kamittuu deebi’uu danda’a.
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
Moodelonni molakiyulawaafi akkaataawwan taa’umsa baayookeemikaalaa SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 tti hidhachuu agarsiisanis, sirriitti akkamitti akka vaayirasichi seelota ujummoo qilleensaa seenuun jijjiramoota waantota dhukkuba fidanii itti aanan geessisa?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
Vaayirasichi seelota qaamota biroo keessatti ACE2 ibsanis ni hidhaa?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Deebii ifaa gaaffiiwwan kanneeniitiin alatti, qorannoo fi waldhaansa bu’a qabeessa saffisaan fiduu hin dandeenyu.
How long will the epidemic last?
Weerarichi hanga yoomii tura?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
Akkamitti vaayirasichi namoota gidduutti yeroo daddarbutti sanyiin suuta guddataa jira?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
Akka addunyaatti weerara ta’aa, akka SARS’tti du’aa yookaan yeroo yeroon akka infuluweenzaa deebi’ee ka’aa?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
Baay’ee barbaaachisaa dha garuu gaaffiiwwan baay’ee kan biroo fi kan oliitiif deebii barbaaduun tarii yeroo muraasa fudhata.
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
Ta’ullee, baasii kamiyyuu inni gaafachuu malu waliin, nuyi filannoo kan biraa hin qabnu garuu weeraricha hamma danda’ameen dafnee dhaabuu fi jireenya keenya gara isa baratameetti deebisuu qabna.
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
Madda zoonootikii vaayirasii koroonaa dhala namaa
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
Jijjiirama fi madaqsaan dhala namaas dabalatee waggoota kumaatamaaf guddina coronaviruses (CoVs) fi mandhee isaa sochoosaa ture.
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
Bara 2003 dura, namni lama CoVs (HCoVs)n dhibee salphaa akka qorraaf sababa ta’uun isaanii beekamaadha.
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
Dhibee rifaasisaa SARS fi MERS dhibeen HCoV hammam ulfaataafi jireenyaafis yaaddessaa ta’uu akka malu mullisuuf farankicha darbataniiru.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
Dhibeen hatattamaa SARS-CoV-2 jedhamu kun kan giddu-galeessa Chaayinaatti gara dhumaa bara 2019 CoVs ariitii guddaadhaan tatamsa’uun qalbii namaa hate. Garuu obboleettii isaa SARS-CoV waliin yeroo wal bira qabamu dandeettiin dhukkuba fiduu isaa xiqqaadha.
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
Faalamni HCoV dhibee daddarbaa fi maddi dhibee namaafi bineensota gidduutti daddarbu HCoVs haala gaariin nu gargaara.
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
HCoVs hedduun simbiroota halkanii irraa kan maddan yoo ta’u dhukkuba kan daddabarsan miti.
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
Baattoon battalaa HCoVs muraasni isaanis beekamoodha.
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
Bineensota baattoo adda baasuun ittisa dhibeewwan namaa keessatti adeemsa kallattiiti.
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
Qorannoon walitti dhufeenya baattoo CoV bineensota keessattis ta’e CoV paatoojeenesii namaa keessatti argamuu danda’a.
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
Gamaggama kana keessatti, nuti waa’ee beekumsa waa’ee HCoVs torban jiranii bifa gabaabaan, seenaa argama isaanii akkasumas daddarbinsa isasanii xiyyeeffannoodhaan ibsina.
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
Caalaatti, HCoVs garaagaraa gama ilaalcha guddina vaayirasiitii ni sanyii diqaalomsuutiin walmadaalchifnee jirra.
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
Yeroo kana tatamsa’ina dhukkuba CoV 2019 (COVID-19) irratti mari’ate.
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
Dabalataanis, wantootni barbaachisoon bantuu baattowwanii milkaa’aafi hubannoon jabina baballina vaayirasii dhukkubarratti jirus xiyyeeffatameera.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) maatii isaa koroonaavaayrideetti kanneen garee RNA baaqqee, haguugamaa, miira posotiivii qabu hammatuutti gala.
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
Vaayirasootni kunneen giinii guddicha kiiloneezii 26 haga 32 RNA keessaa “CoVs” jedhamee waamame, sababnisaa shif-argaa elektiroonii moorfooloogiin isaa gonfoo waan fakkaatuufidha.
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
Teessuma isaatiin, CoVs jiinii guutuu addaan hin bahin kan ijaarsa walfakkaataa qooddatan qaba.
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
Tilmaamaan lama sadaffaan jiinii open reading frames (ORF1a fi ORF1b) walqaxxaamuraa guggaa lama qaba, kanneen gara riplikees pirotiinii pp1a fi pp1ab’tti jijjiiran.
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
Pooliipirotiinonni pirotiinii altartiibawaa 16, qajeelfamaa nsp1~16 maddisiisuuf qophaa’e.
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
Kutaan jiinii inni hafe ORFs pirotiinii qindaawaadhaaf qabaata, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) fi nucleoprotein (N)’iis dabalata.
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
Lakkoofsi sanyii addaa iddaannoo pirootiniis sanyii garabiroo CoVs’n kaa’ame.
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
Tarreeffama pirootinii garaagaraa irratti hundaa’uun, CoVs bakka afuritti qoodamu (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV fi delta-CoV), warra kana keessaa beta-CoVn HCoVs qaba, gara sanyii afuriittis qoodama (A, B, C fi D).
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
Simbirri halkaniifi tuqaawwan akka madda jiinii alpha-CoVs fi beta-CoVs baay’eetti akka tajaajilan ragaan finoojenetikii agarsiiseera, simbirroonni ammoo tursiistuu guddaa gamma-CoVs fi delta-CoVs’ti.
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
Waggoota kumaatamaaf, CoVs walitti fufiinsaan daangaa sanyii qaxxaamuree fi muraasni isaanii akka baattota dhukkuba namaatti argaman.
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
Hanga har’ati, (HCoVs) namni torba beekamaniiru.
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
Isaan keessaa HCoV-229E fi HCoV-NL63n alpha-CoVs’dha.
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Beta-CoVs gara biroon shan HCoV-OC43 fi HCoV-HKU1 dabalatee, mallattoo dhibee hargansuu jabaa vaayirasii koroonaa (SARS-CoV), baha giddu-galeessaa kessatti mallattoo dhibee hargansuu vaayirasii koroonaa (MERS-CoV) fi SARS-CoV-2.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
Akkuma beekamu HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 fi HCoV-NL63n mallattoo salphaa fidu, kanneen akka qorraa fi/ykn garaa kaasaa.
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Garaagarummaa keessatti, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV fi kan reefuu adda ba’u SARS-CoV-2n sadarkaa olaanaan dhibeewwan lubbu-qabeeyyii biroon babal’achuu danda’aniidha, dhukkubsattoota hedduu keessatti sirna hargansuu gadi bu’aa uumuun ARDS fi mul’achuu dhibee sombaa dagaagsuu danda’a.
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
Dhiibbaan jalqabaa HCoV-229E, B814, kan adda baafame bara 1960’moota dhukkubsaa utaalloo qorachuudhaan ture.
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
Erga Sanaa, qo’annoo HCoV-229E fi HCoV-OC43 irraa beekumsi kuufamee jira, lameenuu mallattoowwan mataa isaanii agarsiisu.
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
Dhugumayyuu, yaadi HCoVs miidhaa nama irraan miidhaa hin ga’u jedhu hamma SARS dhufutti bal’inaan fudhatamee ture.
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
Weerarri SARS bara 2003 argame namoota 8,000 qabuunii fi 10% ajjeesuudhaan, wantoota seenaa yeroo kanaa keessatti hamaa ta’an keessaa tokko,
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
Waggaa kudhan booda, weerarsi MERS baballatee Arabian Peninsula fi biyyoota addunyaa biro wajjin ariitiin mullateera.
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
Vaayirasii haaraan bara 2019 HCoV (2019-nCoV)n, walitti fufiinsaan SARS-CoV-2 jedhamee kan moggaafame, weerara ammaa vaayirasii koroonaatiif sababa ka’umsaa dhukkuba 2019 (COVID-19), kan hanga bitootessa 3, 2020tti namoota 3,120 kan ajjeesee fi 91,000 ol qabeedha.
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Dammaqsituun iyyuu eegaleera, addunyaanis haleellaa faffaca’iinsa SARS-CoV-2f of qopheessuu qaba.
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
HCoVs torbanuu jalqabbii seenaa daddarbiinsa bineensotaa gara namaa simbira halkanii, hantuuta ykn bineeldota manaa irraa qabu.
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
Maddi guddina HCoVs simbiroota halkanii ta’uu ragaawwan gargaarsaa hedduutu jiru, vaayirasiin immoo kan hin madaqnee fi kan dhukkuba hin daddabarsine, garuu addaaddummaa guddaa qabu.
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
Weerarri COVID-19 dhiibbaa fayyaa, saayinsii, hawaasaa fi sammuu guddaa Chaayinaa fi addunyaa irraan gahe.
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
Daddarbiinsaa haaraa HCoVs hordofuun seenaa umamaa hubachuuf bu’uura kaa’a, humna sochoostuu fi babal’achuu ittisa sanyii.
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
Kunis haalli barbaacha qabduu, giddugaleessaa fi cimina bineensa keessumeessaa SARS-CoV-2 akka mijatu taasisa, akkasumas waraabbii gara fuulduraa ittisuu irratti agarsiistuu murteessaadha.
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
Keessa deebii kana keessatti dhukkuboota bineeldota irraa gara namaatti darban ilaalla; keessoo sanyii tatamsa’ina isaanii fi dandeettii dhukkubbii fiduu HCoVs.
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
Addatti, vaayirasiin maatii HCoVs mandhee uumamaa isaanii keessatti kan dhukkuba hin fidne garuu erga gara mandhee sanyii birootti darbanii dhukkuba fiduu akka danda’an irra deebi’ee mari’annee jirra.
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
Hubannoo haaraa jijjiirama suutaa HCoV gadi bu’uu daddarbiinsa madda dhukkubaan kaninni daddarbiinsa isaa dabalus dabalataan ni qoranna.
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
Firiin socho’iinsa SARS-CoV-2 geggeeffamaa jiruus qabiyyee kana keessatti mari’atameera.
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
Viyirasii bineeldotaa CoVs hamma 1930tii kaasee beekamaadha.
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
Calqaba HCoV-229E istreen B814 dhukkubsataa utaalloo irraa beekamuun duratti CoVs garagaraa bineensota irraa, Turkiitti dabalatee, gosa adurree irraa, sa’a, booyyee, adurree fi saree dhukkubsatan keessatti argamee jira.
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
Waggoota kurnan darban, HCoVs torbatu adda baafame.
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
Haala ifaa fi gabaabaa ta’een seenaan HCoV (gabatee 1) keessatti bifa ifaa fi barsiisaa ta’een tooraan ka’amee jira.
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
Yaaliin HCoV-229E inni jalqabaa qaama hargansuu dhukkubsattootaa keessaa qaama hargansuu dhibamaa isa ol-aanu irraa bara 1966 fudhatame, akkasumas boodarra sarara seelii sombaa WI-38 keessatti guddachuuf madaqe.
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
Dhukkubsattoonni HCoV-229E’dhaan qabaman mallattoo qorraa wal fakkaataa keessa jiru. Kunis mataa bowuu, qufaa, dhukubbi mormas ho’ina qaamaafi qufaa 10~20% keessatti mullate ni hammata.
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
Bara 1967 booda, HCoV-OC43 kuufama qaamaa irraa adda ba’uunii sammuu hantuuta ga’eessa keessatti bifa toora qabateen godhamaa jira.
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
Tarreeffamni dhibee HCoV-OC43 kilinikaa warra HCoV-229E irraa maddan waliin wal fakkaataa ta’anii tiru, kunis mallattoodhaan tarreeffamuu kan hin dandeenye sirna hargansuu gara biroo dhibeewwan daddarboon hubaman infloweenzaa vaayirasii fi riinoobaayirasiiti.
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
HCoV-229E fi HCoV-OC43 lameenuu akka addunyaatti tatamsa’an, akkaumas haala qilleensa giddugaleessa keessatti yeroo gannaa tamsa’u.
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
Walumaagalatti, yeroon turtii vaayirasii kanneen lameenii torba tokkoo gadi, tilmaamaan turban 2 miira dhukkubbii hordofsiisa.
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
Akka qorannoo tola ooltota irratti gaggeeffameetti, namoonni HCoV-229E’n qabaman mallattoo utaalloo salphaa agarsiisu.
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
Dhukkubsattoota madiinummaa laafaa qaban muraasatu sadarkaa olaanaatti sirna hargansuu gara gadii hubama.
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
SARS, “niimooniyaa dhaabbii malee” jedhanuunis kan beekamu, seenaa dhala namaa keessatti dhukkuba daddarbaa HCoV fiduun beekamu kan yeroo jalqabaaf qindaa’e. akkasumas madda SARS-CoV, HCoV isa sadaffaa argame.
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
Dhukkubsataan SARS jalqabaa xumura bara 2002tti biyya Chaayinaa Kutaa Guwaandoongi keessatti argame.
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
Weerarri SARS namoota 8s, 096 qabuun 774 immoo ajjeesuun isaa gabaafameera. Biyyoota gara biyyaa fi biyyaatti ardiitii gara ardiitti babal’achaa jira.
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
Warra baayinaan baballisan irraa adda ba’ee, dhibeewwan sun kamiyyuu tilmaam-dhiyoon gara dhibeewwan lammataatti ol ka’uu akka danda’utu tilmaamama, guyyaa turtii hammattummaa 4 haga 7 fi olka’uu baayina dhibeewwan vaayirasiin dhufanii guyyaa 10ffaa.
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
Dhukkubsattooni SARS-CoVdhaan qabaman jalqaba akkadhukkubbii maashaa, mataa bowuu, ho’ina qaamaa, garaa kaasaa fi qorra… qufaa fi miidhamuun sirna hargansuu mallattoowwan dhiyeenyaati.
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
Hir’inni fayyaa SARS laaboraatorii keessatti mul’atan: xiqqaachuu seelii dhiigaa, gadi bu’iinsa sirna hojii tiruu, fi dhiiga keessatti baay’achuu keraatiniin kaayines (xurii).
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
Miidhaa alviyoolarii baballisuu, fedhii nyaataafi dabalamuu maakiroofeejiinis dhkkubsattoota SARS irratti ni mullatu.
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
Tilmaamaan dhukkubsattoonni 20-30% ta’an yaalii cimaa kan gaafatanii fi meeshaa sirna hargansuu gargaaramuu kan barbaachisuudha.
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Dabalataan hubaatii qaamota hargansuu gad-aanan, qaamota baay’ee dabalachuun, tiruu fi kaleenis dhibee cimaa kanaan hubamuu danda’u, akkuma beekamu qilleensa jabaa saayitookaayiniin geggeeffama, kunis dandeettii dandamannaa dhukkubsattootaa ajjeesuu danda’a.
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
Vaayirasichi jalqaba hafuura baafachiistuu somba nama Guwaanzhowuu keessaa gara hongi koong adeemee keessaaa fuudhame.
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
Erga Sanaa, qorannoo HCoV’tiif tattaafiiwwan gurguddootu godhame.
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
HCoV-NL63’n biyya Neezarlaaanditti bara 2004 daa’ima waggaa 7 irraa argame.
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
Jalqabarratti daa’imman, jaarolii fi namoota madiinummaa laafaadhaan dhibee sirna hargansuu qaban irratti akka bal’inaan mul’atu hubatame.
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
Ibsi kooriizaa, conjunctivitis, ho’ina qaamaa fi dhibeen sombaa dhukkuba HCoV-NL63 keessatti wal fakkaataadha.
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
Qo’annoon of danda’aan biroo biyya Neezerlaandi adda bahuu vaayirasoota walfakkaatanii sumuuda funyaan mucaa waggaa 8 niimooniyaa dhukkubsate irraa fudhatamee ibse.
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
Kan argame Neezarlaanditti ta’u addunyaarra faca’ee jira.
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
Akka tilmaamamutti HCoV-NL63n peersentii 4.7% dhukkuboota sirna hargansuu huban fida. Yeroo bayyee waqtii bonaa gara dhumaa, arfaasaa fi ganna baayyinaa nama qaba.
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63n dogoggorsa laaringiitisii waliin qindate, croup jedhamees beekama.
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
Bara walfakkaataatti HCoV-HKU1’n nama umrii 71 sababa niimooniyaa fi biroonkolitii dhukkubsatee hospitaala Hoongi Koongi ture irraa argame.
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
Gama uummataan-dhukkuba sombaa fi biroonkiyuulii, HCoV-HKU1nis dhukkuba baay’ee hamaa qindate ta’uusaatu gabaafame.
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
Akkuma HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E fi HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 akka addunyaatti argaman, dhibee hargansuu laafaa fidaa jiru.
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
Dhibeewwan HCoVs namarraa namatti daddarban arfan kunneen siriitti madaqani akkasumas daddarbiinsa uumuuf latiinsa waliigalaa gadaanaa fakkaata, dhibeewwan kunneen akkuma HCoV-NL63 sababa hin beekamneen kan dhufan ta’ullee, dhiyeenyatti dhibeen sirna hargansuu hubu chaayinaatti gabaafameera.
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
Walumaagalatti, yoo HCoVs dandeettiiwwan sirriitti dabarsuu argate fi nama wajjiin walitti fufiinsaan nama wajjiin ni tura ta’e, summaa’ummaan yookaan dhukkuba fiduu isaanii gadi bu’ee jiras jechuudha.
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
MERS-CoVn yeroo jalqabaaf bara 2012 namicha umuriin isaa 60 ta’e kan dhibee nimooniyaa fi Kaleen dhukkubsate somba irratti qoratamee argame.
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
Laaboraatorii hedduun akka ifoomsanitti dhibeewwan baha giddu-galeesssaa irraa kan argaman yemmuu ta’an, dhibeewwan gara alaatti bal’atan biyyoota awurooppaa baay’ee fi tuuniziyaa keessatti tuttuqqaan walitti siqeenyaa gabaafameera.
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
Weerarri lammaffaan bara 2015 kooriyaa kibbaatti jalqabe namoota 186 qabe.
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
Agarsiisni kilinika MERS SARS fakkaata, niimooniyaa suutaan cimuun ibsama.
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
Bifa SARS hin fakkaanneen, dhukkubsattoonni MERS baayyeenis dhibee kale hamaa qabu, kunimmoo MERSn dhukkuba HCoV- keessaa baayyee adda isa godha.
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Dhukkubsattoonni 30% mallattoo dhukkubbii mar’imaanii fi garaa, kan akka garaa kaasaa fi hoqqisiisaa agarsiisu.
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
Akka gurraandhala 14, 2020 san, laaboraatoriin 2500 ol akka mirkaneessanitti dhibeewwan rakkisoo gabaafaman 34.4%, MERS-CoV vaayirasii amaaf yaaddessaa ta’e keessaa tokko gochuu.
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Jalqabaa haga walakkaa muddee 2019tti, gareen dhukkubsattoonni niimooniyaa dhukkubsattoota SARS-CoV-2 wajjiin walqunnamtii akka qaban Wuhan, kutaa Hubei, Chaayinaatti adda bahe.
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
Dhaabbanni fayyaa addunyaa akka gabaasetti dhibeen qaama sirna hargansuu gara gadii (LRTI) SARS-CoV-2 irraa madde dhaabbata fayyaa hatattamaa addunyaalessaa dhukkubicha COVID-19 jedhee moggaase.
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
Akka bitootessa 3,2020tti dhukkubsattoota akka addunyaatti mirkanaa’an 90,053 keessaa 3.4% du’an.
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
Keessattuu, duuti Hubei’n galmaa’e is Chaayinaatti 4.2%, kan achiin alaa 1.2%.
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 dhibeewwan hargansuu jabaa akka SARS-CoV fi MERS-CoVf sababa ta’e, akka ho’ina qaamaatti ibsame, qufaa fi ciccituu hafuuraa.
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
Garaa kaasaanis dhukkubsattoota muraasa keessatti argameera.
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Nimooniyaan dhukkuboota hamaa keessaa tokko yoo ta’u ariitiidhaa sirna argansuu namaa hubuu danda’a.
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
SARS-CoV fi SARS-CoV-2 baay’ee walfakkaatoo ta’anis sababa walfakkeenya niwuukilootaayidii 82%’tiin, dhaaba filoojeeneetic keessatti dame garagaraatti qoodamu.
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 kan daddarban miti garuu SARS-CoV fi MERS-CoV wajjiin yoo walbira qabaman caalaatti daddarboodha.
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
Mallattoowwan qaamota SARS-CoV-2dhaan qabamanii ariitii guddaan addunyaarratti baballachuu akka danda’u gabaafameera.
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
SARS-CoV-2, HCoVs gara biroo ja’a waliin wal bira qabuun wal fakkeenyaa fi garaagarummaa isaanii mullisuun baay’ee barbaachisaadha.
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
Jalqaba, turtiin hammattummaa fi turtiin dhimma dhukkuba HCoV baay’ee wal fakkaatoodha.
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
Kana ilaalchisee, SARS-CoV-2n kallattiiwwan waliigalaa biroo ja’an HCoVs hordofa.
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
Lammaffaa, ciminni mallattoo COVID-19 SARS-CoV fi HCoVs afran hawaasaan dhuunfataman (kanneen akka HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63) gidduutti argama.
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
Gama harka tokkoon, dhibeen SARS-CoV-2 wantoota baratamoo mullatan dhibeewwan namarraa namatti daddarban HCoVs, ibsa adda hin baane dabalatee, mallattoo salphaa haga dhibamuttuu.
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
Gama harka biroon, reeshoon isaa gadaanaa ta’ullee, tuuti muraasnni dhibee hamaa COVID-19 dhibee SARS-CoV keessattis mullachuu danda’a.
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
Sadaffaa, daddarbiinsi SARS-CoV-2 amala HCoVs fi SARS-CoV lachanii namarraa gara namaatti
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
Gama biraa, haalli tattamsa’ina SARS-CoV-2 yoo xinnaate amma hawwaasa irraa gara hawwaasaatti kan HCoVs caalmaa olkaa’aadha.