atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
Tuuti odeeffannoo qindataa RCGP RSC daataa addaa fi maalimaa ajajjuu gosa talaallii adda baasuu wajjin hunduma ni hammata.
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
Waqtii 2019-2020 keessa doktoroota hojii fayyaa waliigalaa hojjetan 100 hirmaachisuudhaan, Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) tokkoon tokkoon waqtii infiluweenzaatti hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii taasisa (Fakkii 1).
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
Hojiiwwan samuuda vaayirasii fuudhuu kunniinis akka biyyaalessaatti lakkoofsi isaanii ga’aa akka ta’anitti fiffilataman (Fakkii 1).
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
GPs’n namoota jalqabuu mallattoo saniirraa kaasee guyyaa 7 keessatti dhibee hargansuu cimaan hubaman qulqulleessituu madaa nasopharyngeal fuudha.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
Qulqulleessituuwwan Nasopharyngeal daa’imoota waggaa 5 olii warra mallattoo dhibee hargansuu qaban irraa fuudhama.
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
Dabalataan, samuudawwan qoonqoo keessaa, kanneen dafee jalqabuu dhibee ujummoo qilleensaa isa gajjallaa (ILI) fi vaayirasii ujummoo hafuuraa agarsiisan nama waggaa 5 fi isaa olii kam irraa iyyuu fuudhamaniiru.
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
Hamma qabaman to’achuufi akaakuu isaa beeksisuuf, akkasumas bu’a-qabeessummaa talaallii safaruuf jiidhi huccuun fuudhame Kutaa Vaayirasii Hafuuraan Darbuu kan infiluweenzaa isa kan Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) tti qoratama.
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
Waqtii infiluweenzaa 2018-2019 keessa Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) haala milkaawaa ta’een qo’annoo jalqabaa xiqqaadhaan samuudota qorannoo dhiigaa ga’eessota irraa fuudhuu fi galmee fayyaa dhukkubsataa waliin wal qabsiisuu adeemsisee ture.
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
Qorannoon xiqqoon kun Kutaa Seeroo eppiidemiyooloojii Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) waliin adeemsifamee haftee samuuda dhiigaa laabiraatooriiwwan Tajaajila Fayyaa Biyyaalessaatiin (NHS) Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) tti galfame itti dabale.
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
Qorannoon dhiigaa waa’ee baay’ina dhukkuba ittisuu duubaa ilaalchisee odeeffannoo gaarii kennuu danda’a, neetoorkiiwwan agarsiistuu jiraachuu dhukkubaa immoo funaansa ragaa sirnaan adeemsifamuu fi hidhata inni galmeewwan fayyaa fi bu’aaawwan fayyaatiif tooftaa dhiyeessuu danda’u.
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
Qo’annoon dhiigaa xiqqaan sun dandeettii walitti hidhamichi samuuda dhiigaa ga’eessotaa walitti qabuuf qabu agarsiisee jira.
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
Ka’umsa COVID-19 wajjin, PHE fi RCGP RSC’n to’annoo faffaca’iinsa COVID-19’n hawaasa keessatti qabu dursuuf Influweenzaa jiru waliin madaqe, aaloon kun ammoo hojiiwwan wallinii bu’uuraa qindeessa.
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
Tarsiimoo ijoon biyyaalessaa dhukkuba COVID-19 to’annaadha, dhukkubsattoonni balaa cimaadhaaf saaxilaman mala gargaarsa sirna bilbilaatiin NHS 111 fi gareewwan eegumsa fayyaa Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) tiin to’achuu danda’an, garuu hordoffiin Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) guutummaan guutuutti adda ba’ee jira.
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP), hojii isaa beekamaa bal’isuudhaan, faffaca’iinsa yeroo fi bakkaa COVID-19 hawaasa keessaa to’achuu fi bu’a qabeessummaa tarsiimoo to’annaa gamaaggamuudhaaf hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii fi dhiigaa ni dhiyeessa.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Research kana irratti nuti waa’ee adda baasuu irratti hojjechaa hin jirru.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Hiriyoota UK fi gartuun I-MOVE warri dhiyeenya kana Horizon 2020 maddicharraa baasuu ‘’dhibee haaraa vaayirasi kaoroonaatiif hubee dandamachiisu dhaabbata fayyaa fi ummataaf kennuu’’ baratan waliin aaloo ni qooddanna.
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Isa biyyoota qofaa isaanii hojjetan irraa argame caalaa bu’a qabeessummaa guddaan to’annaa pirojektii keessaa karaa walta’iinsa kanaa dhufa jedhamee yaadama.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Kaayyoon qo’annoo kanaa daddarbi COVID-19 hawaasa keessaa hinmul’anne jiraachuu fi dhiisuu isaa adda baafachuuf, uummati meeqa qabamuu akka danda’u tilmaamuuf, akkasumas faffaca’a yeroo fi bakkaa dhukkuba COVID-19 hawaasa keessaa to’achuufidha.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaa akka kanatti fufee jiruudha.
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Ba’aa COVID-19 shakkamee to’achuuf, gochi ummata keessaa yaalii to’annoo jalqabaa fi moggaasa kilinikaa COVID-19 uumamuu danda’u karaawwan daddarbiinsa isaa ittiin ittisuu dandeenyu keessatti eeramaniiru.
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Ragaa jiraachuu fi daddarbiinsa dhibee COVID-19 ummata keessaa adda hin baanee fi hammamtaa namoota dhuunfaa dhibichaan qabamanii ILI ‘n kennamaafii jiruu ykn rakkoon hargansuu isaan mudatee irratti ragaa qorannoo vaayirasii to’annoo jalqabaa argamsiisa.
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Sarjala fedha eeguu COVID-19 hawaasa keessaa fi mallattoo akkasumas hammamtaa baballatiinsa hawaasa keessaa karaa lachuu seroprevalence monitoring timaamuuf
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Sagantaa dhiiga namoota fayyanii fuudhuu kan odeeffannoo wantoota qaama namaa keessaa dhukkuba ittisanii, kan dhukkubsattoota COVID-19 irraa fayyanii hawaasatti makamanii isa jalqabaa hojiirra oolchuuf
We intend to capture the following.
Wantoota armaan gadii qabachuudhaaf yaadna.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Baay’inni hojii mana yaalaa keessaa gabaasa COVID-19 koodiiwwan dhukkubsattoota adda baasuuf uumaman fayyadamuudhaan dhiyaatan waliin walqabatan, kanneen gamaaggamamaa jiranii fi bakki faalamichi itti argame keessaa hambifamaniiru (Fakkiiwwan 2-44).
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Biyyoota alaa guyyoota 28n darban keessatti daawwataman
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Koodiiwwan amma iyyuu jiran kanneen tajaajiloota qabaachuu malan (Gabatee 1-3).3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
GPs baay’ee fi gartuun yaalii jalqabaa odeeffannoo qindataan faayidaa qabu mogga’uu akka danda;u xiinxaluu dhiisuu malu.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Yeroo weerara dhibee daddarbaa kamitti iyyuu carraan bu’a qabeessummaa tarkaanfiiwwan to’annaa namaa namatti darbuu dhukkubaa kamiinuu to’achuus jira.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Koodii taasisuun qubeewwanii amansiisaanii fi bu’aawwan qorannoo faalamuu agarsiisan yookaan mirkaneeffamaniiru yookaan immoo keessaa hambifamaniiru.
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Malleen sun mala to’annoo Influweenzaa fi qorannoo dhiigaa amma fayyadamamaa jiran hordofuuf jira, akkasumas qaamota shan hammachuun: (1) to’annoo eeggannaa kilinikaa jalqabaa; (2) to’annoo vaayirasii; (3) to’annoo haala dhiiga ummataa; (4) haala dandamannaa dhibee dhiiga waliin wal qabatuu; (5) qulqullina odeeffannoo qindataa
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
Tajaajilli Fayyaa Biyyaalessaa (NHS) mala ittiin koodii taasisan kan Moggaasa Sirnaawaa Jechoota Qo’annoo fi Wal’aansa Dhibee (SNOMED CT) jedhamu, kan waggaatti aal lama qofa haareffamuun beekamu fayyadama.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Dhiyeessitoonni galmeewwan mana yaalaa koompiitaraan deeggaramanii (CMR) tokko tokko mala koodii taasisuu ‘Read’, isa yeroo ammaa haareffamaa hinjirre waan fayyadamaniif (jechoota waldhaansaa Read marsaa 3—CTv3) wantichi daran walxaxaa ta’eera.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Dabalataan, Gurraandhala 2020 keessa COVID-19 galmeessuuf koodiiwwan dhukkubsataa hinjiran turan.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Waan kana ta’eef, dhiyeessitoonni guguddoon sirna GP lamaanii akka koodii naannoo sirnawwan hundaatti jechoota shan Gabatee 4 keessatti agarsiifaman itti dabalanii jiru.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Akkasumas, yaadawwan ‘SNOMED CT’ kan COVID-19 Yuunaayitid Kiingidam atattamaan gad dhiiste boodarra sirnawwan ‘CMR’ hunda keessa akka jiraatu taasifameera (Gabatee 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Kaayyoon isaa wantoonni kunniin akkuma isaan argamaniin dhumarratti yaadota ragaalee barbaachisoon akka isaan galmeeffamaniif hayyamaa ‘SNOMED CT’ haaraa waliin walitti makamu (Dabalee Maltiimiidiyaa 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Gad-dhiifamuu kanaatiif ulaagaaleen furtuu ta’an kanniin turan: dandeettii nama COVID-19 qabame koodii taasisuu (Gabatee 4), balaa faalamuutiif saaxilamuu (bakkee dhukkubichaan qabamuudhaaf carraan isaa guddaa ta’etti imaluu), nama COVID-19 dhaan qabame kamiinuu waliin tuttuqqii qabaachuu, namni tokko kanaan dura qorannaa COVID-19 taasisuun isaa, fi dhukkubichi dhibamuun gabaafamuu (bu’aa qorannoo negetiivii ta’uu danda’a).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Kanatti dabaluudhaan, ogeessonni fayyaa dandeettii imaloota biyya hedduutti taasifaman galmeessuu dabalatee, imala biyya alaatti taasifame kam iyyuu yeroo ammaa koodii gochuu danda’aniiru (Gurraandhala 8, 2020 hojiirra oole).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Fakkiiwwan 2—44 tti jiran hojiitti hiikuu marsariitii Malawwan Odeeffannoo Fayyaa Eegtan (EMIS) agarsiisu.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Yeroo ammaatti, samuuda qorannoo vaayirasii kan hordoffii infiluweenzaa wajjin uunkaa gaaffii baratamaatu guutama.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
COVID-19 dhaaf uunkaa gaaffii haarawa isa wantoota kanniin galmeessu uumna:
Date of onset of symptoms
Guyyaa mallattooleen itti eegalan
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Qorannoo mallattoolee armaan gadii keessaa kamiinuu:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Dhukkuba ujummoo sombaa hamaa kan daa’imman waggaa shanii gadii irratti mul’atu
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Dhukkuba ujummoo qilleensaa isa gajjallaa (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Seenaa ho’ina qaamaa (Y/N); safarama (Y/N); yoo eeyyee jette, sadarkaa
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Hafuura kutaan (E/L), yoo safarame: ooksijiiniin hammam hammamitti keessatti akka fudhatamuu fi hafuurri hammam hammamitti akka baafatamuu
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Adeemsa dhiyoo (Y/N); yoo sirrii ta’e, magaalonni guyyoottan 14’n darban keessatti daawwatamaniiru.
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Tuttuqqii nama maqaan kennameef waliinii, kan COVID-19 qabaachuun isaa mirkanaa’e (E/L)waa’ee sadarkaa amansiisummaa irratti yaada barreeffamaa bilisaa wajjin.
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Koodiiwwan kunniin amala isaaniirratti hundaa’uun, adeemsa beekamaa koodiiwwan ittiin qoodnu (Gabatee 5), isa kanaan dura bakkeewwan dhukkubaa hundatti dhimma itti ba’aa turre fayyadamuudhaan gareewwan “mirkanaawaa”, “ta’uu mala”, “ta’uu danda’a” fi “kan hinqabamin” jedhamanitti qoodamu.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Hiiki ILI kan Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) Dabalee Maltiimiidiyaa 2 keessatti agarsiifamee jira.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Bakkee irraa daawataniifi Daashboordii FayyadamuudhaanRagaa Uummataa Dhiyeessuu
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Ragaa akka biyyaalessaatti dhiyeessuuf bakkee irraa daawatamu ni ijaarra, waa’ee qulqullina ragaa isaanii fi funaansa samuuda qorannoo vaayirasii fi dhiigaa ilaalchisee ogeeyyii fayyaatiifis gabataa duubdeebii ni hojjenna.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Kun akkaataa koodii gochuu Gabatee 4 keessaa irratti kan hundaa’edha.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Dhukkubsattoonni mirkaneeffaman daashboordii keenya irratti akka “dhukkubsattoota” COVID-19 tti dhiyeeffamu.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Dhibeewwan mudachuu danda’an akka “qoratamaa jiru” (qorataa jirra) jedhutti ibsamuu malu.
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
“Dhukkubsataa miti” inni jedhu “Keessaa Hambifameera” jedhamee dhiyeeffama.
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Odeeffannoon qindataa karaarraa (online) torbanoota muraasa argamuu COVID-19 gara jalqabaa keessatti dhaabamaniiru (fakkii 5), lakkoofsa dhukkubsattoota hundaa fi saffisa dhukkubsattoota 10,000 keessaa mirkanaa’anii qorannoorra jiranii, akkasumas bakka vaayirasichi hin ga’iin jiru agarsiisa.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Nuti gabaasa birkii jijjiirama guyyuu kanaa filannoo torban keessatti si’a lama adeemnee gabaasa argachuu ni qabna.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Nuti akka gadi bu’iinsa Influweenzaa lakkaa’uu dhiisuurra yaalii eegduu keenyarraatii fakkeenya virology adda baasuu itti fufna.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Dabalataan, gartuuwwan yaalii to’annoo caalmaan ni dhaabna.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Yaaliin qorannoo vaayirasii RCGP RSC fakkeenyota umurii hundaa keessa jiran walitti qabuun, jalqabbii 200-300 gama dabaree neetwoorkii RCGP RSC’n torbeedhaan qulqulleessuun dhukkubbii funyaanii fi qoonqoo waliin walqabatutti fuulleffata
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Ulaagaa hammachiisa hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii infiluweenzaatti dabaluudhaan (dhibee qufaa fakkaatu (ILI), dhukkuba ujummoo sombaa hamaa), ogeeyyiin fayyaa itti hirmaatan nama mallattoo hamaa dhibee ujummoo qilleensaa warra gajjallaa (LRTI) agarsiisu kam irraa iyyuu yoo yeroon dhukkubichi itti eegale guyyoota 7 keessatti ta’e samuudawwan harsassee fuudhu.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Hojjettoonni qo’annoo Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) fi hojjettoonni waajjira bakka bu’iinsa hojii kana keessaa hojiiwwan kanniin to’achuudhaan kaayyoon akka biyyaalessaatti samuuda haxooftuutiin dhiyaatu kan waliigalaa torbanii 200-300 akka galma ga’u taasisu.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Kun kan dabaluu danda’u yoo warri moodelii Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) hojjetan samuuda dabalataa isaan barbaachisedha.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Naamunaan namoota irraa fudhatame akka umurii kanatti aanee jirutti qoqqoodamuu qaba, waggaa < 5,waggaa 5-17, 18-64 fiwaggaa 65 ykn isaa ol.
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Saamuddiiwwan dhiigaa fuudhame teessoo sirrii ta’een gara PHE tti qorannoo laaboraatoriif ergama.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Naamunaan walitti qabame hundumtuu Infiluweenzaa fi COVID-19 ni qoratama.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Dabalataan PHE’n akkasumas naamunaan vaayirasii infiluweenzaa kamiyyuu qoratee gara giddu galeessa gurraandhala 2020 COVID-19’dhaaf
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Yaaliiwwan ammayyuu COVID-19’f gara namoota dhibee kanaan hubamuu malanii, warra yaalii isaanii qaamaan hordofuurra qabiyyee karaa daddarbiinsaa hubachuu qabaniif aaloo PHE hordofu.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Namoota tajaajila baqaqsanii hodhuu argachuuf dhufaniif hayyami kallattiidhaan qoramuu ittuma fufa, garuu meeshaa manatti dhangala’aa qorachuu dandeessisu oomishneerra.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Cuunfaan adeemsotaa Dabalee Maltiimiidiyaa 3 irratti gadi fageenyaan dhiyaatee jira.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Namni dhibee qufaa fakkaatu (ILI) yookaan dhukkuba ujummoo hafuuraa qabuu fi ogeessa fayyaa waliigalaa quunnamu (fakkeenyaaf, beellama qabachuuf jecha bilbiluu) dhiyootti Chaayinaa fi biyyoota biroo gorsa Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) yeroo ammaa keessatti akeekkachiisi irra jirutti imaluu isaa yookaan namoota biroo COVID-19 dhaan qabaman waliin wal quunnamuu isaa addumaan gaafatamuu qaba.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Yoo gaaffiin calalliiwwan kunneenii poosetiivii ta’e, dhukkubsatichi gara yaaliitti dhufuurra yaa’iinsa PHE akka ordofu gorfama.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Kun simannaadhaan yookaan immoo kutaa kilinikaa aaloo nama dhuunfaa irratti hudaa’uun ta’uu danda’a.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Bilbiloonni kunniin sirna ‘GP CMR’ keessatti koodii taasifamuu qabu, akkasumas akka qaama deebii torban torbanii Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) tti gabaafamuu danda’u.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Moggaasa (coding) kana deggeruuf meeshaalee shaakalaa hojjennee jirra (Multimedia Appendix 4).
These include prompt cards for:
Kunis kaardii kaasaa of keessaa qabatu:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Keessummeessitoota shaakallii yookaan hojjettoota doktoratti nama dabarsan: dhukkubsattoota mallattoo dhukkubbii ujummoo qilleensaa hamaa agarsiisanii fi seenaa imala bakkeewwan barbaachisoo gorsa Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE)’ irratti hundaa’an yemmuu isaan bilbilan koodii taasisuuf
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Hojjettoota bulchiinsaa yookaan ogeessota fayyaa warra koodii taasisan: keessaa hambisuudhaaf jecha bu’aawwan negetiivii ta’an koodii taasisuu dabalatee, namoota shakkamaniif bu’aawwan haala walitti fufiinsa qabuun koodii akka godhaniif jajjabeessuu.
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Ogeessonni fayyaa hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii irratti qooda fudhatan dhukkubsattoota qorannoo dhiigaa dhaabbataadhaaf dhufan irraa carricha fayyadamanii samuuda dhiigaa fuudhu.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Dhukkubsattoonni qorannoo dhiigaa baratamaadhaaf shaakala isaanii hordofan qorannoo dhiigaatiif samuuda dabalataa akka dhiyeessaniif gaafatamu.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Lakkoofsa qorannaa guutuu dhiigaa (FBC) ilaaluuf kuusaa ragaa Giddugala Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) keessatti qo’annoo jalqabaa adeemsifnee jirra (Fakkii 6—9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
Qorannoo Dhiigaa Guutuu (FBC)n qorannoowwan adeemsifaman baay’ee beekamoo keessaa isa tokkodha, kun lakkoofsa waliigalaa qorannoowwan dhiigaa taasifamanii tilmaama isaa ni agarsiisa jennee abdanna.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Saffisi dhukkubsattoota 100,000 keessaa samuudessuu daa’imman umurii 15-17 gidduu jiranii fi umurii 60 yookaan isaa oliif olaanaa ture, inni baay’ee gad aanaan immoo kan daa’imman umurii 0-4 fi ga’eessota umurii 18-29 tti jiraniiti (Fakkiiwwan 6—99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Umuriiwwan hunda keessatti samuuda bu’uraa dhiigaa, kan baay’ina garaa garaa itti hirmaannaa umuriiwwan hundaa calaqqisiisan 1000 dhiyeessuuf jenna.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Dabalataan, argannocha guddisuuf kanniin hunda hojiiwwan qorannoo dhiigaa irraa yoo argachuu dandeenye ni qoranna.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Fayyaan Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) bakkeewwan qorannoon dhiigaa hunda caalaa haala bu’aa buusuun walitti qabamuu danda’u gorsuu akka danda’utti tatamsa’inni bakkaa gaariin barbaachisaadha.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Kanatti aansee iddattoowwan 800 tu dhufa.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Eddattoonni ilaalcha weerarsa duraaf namoota 200 (ji’aaf 100) gartuuwwan umurii armaan gadii hordofuun sadarkaa isaanii ramada: waggoota < 5, waggoota 5-17 years, 18-64 akkasumas waggaa 65 fi isaa ol.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Dhukkubsattoonni dargaggeeyyiin, hojiiwwan hedduu keessatti kan umuriin isaanii 14 gadi ta’e, akkasumas kan daa’imman umuriin isaanii 8 gadii ammoo hundi isaanii haala jechuun danda’amuun hordoffii qorannoo dhiigaa daa’immanii barbaadu.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Ogeessoti fayyaa imala dhiyeenya taasifameefi COVID-19 dhaaf saaxilamuu galmeessuu akka danda’aniif uunkaa gaaffii haarawa isaaniif qopheessina.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Namoota dhukkubni irratti argamuun mirkaneeffamee fi yeroo faalamanitti eddattoo qorannoo vaayirasii hamaa qaban irraa sagantaa dhiiga dandamate fuudhuu adeemsisuuf jenna.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Kunis haala dhukkubsattoota vaayirasicharraa dandamatanii garuu daddarbiinsa vaayirasichaa itti fufsiisuu danda’an dda baasuufi.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Lakkoofsa dhukkubsattootaa muraasatu jira yoo ta’e, kun dhukkubsattoonni akka isaan ogeessa fayyaa isaaniitti geessaniifi dhukkubsattoota biratti fudhatamummaa isaa akka isaan qorataniif dhukkubsattootaaf meeshaa ittiin qoratan qopheessuu keessatti gargaaruu mala.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Akka biyyoolessatti lakkoofsi guddaan COVID-19 yoo qabaman, naamunaan warra fooyya’aa jiranii RCGP RSC irraa fudhatamee mirkanaa’uu qaba. Galmee faayyaa irratti guutamee walitti hidhamuu qaba.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Adeemsi kun wantoota kanniin of keessaa qabaachuu mala: lakkoofsota Tajaajila Fayyaa Biyyaalessaa (NHS), namoota tajaajila Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP)tti poozetiivii ta’aniif kan maqaan moggaafameef sirrummaa isaa ilaaluu, dhukkubsattoota mirkaneeffamaniif faalama fudhatama qabaatu ilaalchisee qajeelfama Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) yeroo ammaa sirrummaa isaa ilaaluu fi adeemsa duraan maqaa dha’ame hordofuudhaan dhukkubsataadhaaf beellama qabuu.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Kana irratti kan barbaachisu, namoonni karaa neetworkii akka gurmaa’anii fi namoonni dhaabbata garaagaraa keessa jiran akka wal tuttuqqaan hin jiraannetti PHEn hojii irra ooluu qaba.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP OSC’n gaaffii tuqiinsaa jalqabaa PHR’n uume dabarsuuf caasaa barbaachisaa dabarsuu danda’a.S
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Ogeessonni Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii infiluweenzaa waggaa waggaanii keessatti hirmaatan dhukkubsattoota mallattoo dhibee ujummoo qilleensaa warra gajjallaa (LRTI) agarsiisan irraa samuuda fuudhuu eegalanii jiru.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Samuudawwan fuudhaman hundi infiluweenzaa fi COVID-19 qabaachuun isaanii qoratamaa jira.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) mala ittiin samuuda dhukkubsattoota COVID-19 qoratamanii poozetiivii ta’an kamuu irraa karaa hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii dheereffameetiin walitti qaban ni qorata.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Jalqabuma irraa eegallee ragichi qorannoowwan gara fuulduraa keessatti akka inni fayyaduu danda’u mirkaneessuuf ragaa san eeggannoodhaan walitti qabnee qindeessinee hordofna.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Ragaa dhukkubsattootaa keenya qorannoo vaayirsii waliin wal qabsiifama.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Ragaa keenya seerota Argamuu danda’an, Hundaaf banaa, Qindoominaan hojjechuu danda’aniifi Irradeebiin itti fayyadamuun danda’amuun filannee, qindeessinee hordofna.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Kana mijeessuuf kuusaan ragaa keenyaa Qo’annoo Ragaa Fayyaa Yuunaayitid Kiingidamii fi Neetwoorkii Mirkaneessituu Ragaa Fayyaa Awurooppaa waliin tarreeffamee jira.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Akkaataa mala taa’umsa lakkoofsaa to’annaa baballina dhukkubaa keessatti ni gargaara, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) kan jedhamu weerara dhukkuba kanaa hir’isuuf hojjeta.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Ittiin bulmaati kun hammamtaa tuttuqqaa ummata keessattii hir’sa, sababa kanaaf daddarbiinsa vaayirasichaa ni hir’isa.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Kana hojiirra oolchuuf, mootummaan Yuunaayitid Kiingidam taarkaanfii uummati ofuma isaatiin adda of baasuu hojiirra oolchuuf fedhii qabu dhiyeenya kana dubbatee jira.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Lakkoofsa hormaataa (R) (lakkoofsa giddugaleessaa kan lakkoofsi lammaffaan tokkoon tokkoon nama qabamee maddisiisu) irratti xiyyeeffachuudhaan, akkasumas R 1 gaditti hir’isuu kaayyeeffachuudhaan, imaammatichi lakkoofsa namoota gabaafamanii isa gad aanaatti gadi buusuu barbaada yookaan (akkuma weeraroota mallattoolee hafuura baafannaa irratti rakkoo cimaa fidaniifi Iboolaa irratti argametti) daddarbuu namaa namattii balleessuu barbaada.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Akka muuxannoon weerara H1N1 2009 irraa agarsiisee jirutti, ‘NPI’n qabiyyee murteessaa humna dhibee daddarbaa laaffisuu ta’uu danda’a.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Xiyyeeffannoo keenyaaf furtuu kan ta’e, rakkoolee uummata keessaa olaanoo ta’an tilmaamuu fi ragaa funaanuudhaan to’annaa wal irraa hincinne gochuu, akkasumas akka tarkaanfiin fageenya hawaasummaa laafaa dhufeen dhukkubsattoota haarawa gidduutti guddachuufi isa booda mul’achuu rakkoolee guguddoo moodelii gochuudha.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Baballachuu COVID-19 lafa jalqabaa Chaayinaa keessaa waliin wal qabatee safartuu qindatiinsaa bu’a qabeessa ta’etu baay’atee ture.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Jijjiirama weerara dhukkuba kanaa haala murteessaa ta’een ilaalamuu fi yeroo dhukkubichi nama tokko qabeefi yeroo itti nama sanarraa nama birootti darbu gidduu yeroo jiruudha. Jechuun, wayita dhukkuba daddabarsuu.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Haaldureewwan kun yoo sirriitti tilmaamaman haala turtii weerara kanaa irratti tilmaama gaarii kennuu danda’u.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Namoota (bakkaan wal irraa fagaachuu malan) Miidhamuu malan—Saaxilamoo—Faaluu malan—Keessaa baafaman (SEIR) moodeliiwwan babal’ina dhukkubaa carraadhaan qoratamuutiif ‘appirooksimeet Baayeesiyaan Inferensii’ (ABC) fayyadamuu yaadnee jirra.
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Malleen akka kanaa sadarkaa olaanaan wal faana kan deemuu fi daddarbiinsa dhukkubaarratti dabalatee qorannoo baay’ee irratti milkaa’eera.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Wantoonni kunniin haalota faayidaaleen fakkaachuu keessa hinjirree fi malawwan aadaa dabalataa, kanneen akka ‘Maarkoov cheeyin Moonte Kaarloo’ keessatti hojiirra ooluu hindandeenye waliin addumaan wal simu.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Tooftaan akkanaa kun akka inni ragaa hordoffii ‘ASPREN’ irratti sirriitti hojjetu agarsiifamee jira. ‘ASPREN’ kun neetwoorkii dooktorootaa fi narsoota dammaqinaan dhukkuba hordofan, kanneen odeeffannoo ‘ILI’ fi haalota biroo, kan dhimmoonni akka ragaan keessaa hafee fi fedhii adeemsa hubannoo mataa isaa ittiin bocan ittiin milkaa’inaan furmaata argatan, irratti deebi’ee adda baafame gabaasanidha.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Kana caalaas, olka’iinsi dhibeewwanhaaraa mala faffaca’iinsaan timaamameera.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Tilmaammiin amaloota SEIR odeeffannoo qindataa guddaa irratti sababa tuuta wal bira qabamuuf salphaatti to’atamuu danda’u, malleen kuimmoo Library R baay’ee keessatti hojiittin hiikamaniiru; hammamtaa weerarsa torbee tilmaamuuf kuufamoota ABSEIR (deposited GitHub irratti: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) fi abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) fayyamuu yaadna.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Hojii baratamaa ‘ABC’ keessatti moodelii weerara ‘SIR’ waan itti galchaa jirruuf, ragaa dhukkubsattoota torbanii, isa lakkoofsa xiqqoo of keessaa qabuu wajjin wal bira yoo qabamu bu’aan inni kan keenyaa baay’ee guddaadha jennee yaadna.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Fakkeenyaaf, akkaataa ABC Tristan da Cunha bara 1967 utaalloo irratti hojiirra oolo, I (lakkoofsa namoota ittiin qabamee) fi R(namoota dhukkubicha irraa fayyanii) yeroo baayyee kurnan keessa jira.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Xumurarratti, malleen gararraa kanatti dabaluun nuti dhibichi hagam nama ajjeesuu akka tanda’u tilmaamuuf wantootadhufuu danda’an (du’aa fi dandamannaa) Kaplan-Meir qacarra
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Malli kun tooftaa Baasii Hojii Irratti Hundaa’ee (ABC) irratti kan hin hundoofnedha, akkasumas cimina bu’aa isaa madaaluuf tilmaamota malawwan moodeleessuu lamaan irraa argaman walbira qabanii madaaluu nama dandeessisa.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Hordoffiin Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE) waliin taasisu Seera 3ffaa Tajaajila Fayyaa (To’annaa Odeeffannoo Dhukkubsataa) Seerota 2002 jalatti Eegumsa Fayyaa jedhamuun hiikamee jira.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Kun kan mirkaneeffame Waajjira Kaaldiikoot Gaardiyaan kan Fayyaa Uummattootaa Ingiliziitiini.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
To’annoo kana keessatti qooda fudhachuuf shaakala irratti saaxilama inni qabu yookiin immoo warreen kana hojjechaa jiran irratti balaa inni fide hin agarre.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Dhibee orgaaniizimoota seel-qeenxee irraa namatti dhufan ittisuu fi to’achuuf qajeelcha biyyoolessaa hordofamuu qaba.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Dhimmi dhibeen qabamuu adda ba’e kam iyyuu, gorsa namoota qabamaniif kennamu dabalatee, haala qajeelfama hojiirra oolaa jiruun Fayyaa Uummataa Ingilizii (PHE)/Tajaajila Fayyaa Biyyaalessaa (NHS) tiin yerooma sanatti to’atama.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Haa ta’u malee, leenjiin keenya yaadachiistuu akkaataa namoota iddatteeffaman ittiin qabatanii fi keessa deebii tarkaanfiiwwan ittisa dhukkubaa hojii keenya keessatti ol ka’uu malu jedhamanii yaadaman dabalata.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
Wanti kun waa’ee Seera 12 ffaa kunuunsa miidhaa hinqabnee fi wal’aansaa isa yeroo yerootti Koomishiinii Qulqullina Kunuunsaatiin hordofamu keessaa isa ijoodha.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Seenaa imalaa fi ibsa fayyaa dhibee COVID-19
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
Koodiiwwan wal’aansa dhukkubsattootaa kanneen COVID-19 sistamiiwwan CMR keessaa hundaaf dhiyaate irratti hojiiwwan Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) gorfamaniiru.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Kun odeeffannoo ibsitoota dhukkubsattootaa koodii taasisuu (Gabatee 4) fi seenaa imalaa dhiyoo kam iyyuu of keessatti qabata.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Hundeeffama Extended Virology Sampling
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
Ogeessonni fayyaa Giddugala Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) hordoffii qorannoo vaayirasii infiluweenzaa kan waggaa waggaanii keessatti qooda fudhachaa jiran, dhukkubsattoota mallattoo dhibee ujummoo qilleensaa isa gajjallaa (LRTI) agarsiisan irraa samuuda fuudhuu eegalaniiru.
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Kun dhukkubsattoota balaa gad aanaaf saaxilaman keessatti gara tatamsa’ina dhokataa dursanii adda baasuu jalqabaatti geesseera.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
Bitootessa 7, 2020 asitti, sirni hordoffii dhukkubsattoota COVID-19 balaan isaanii gad aanaa ta’ee fi seenaa imalaa hinqabne 2 karaa samuudessuu qorannoo vaayirasii dheereffamee adda baaseera.
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
Ragaan jalqabaa kun tatamsa’ina hawaasaa dhukkuba COVID-19 utuu hin yaadamin dhufe to’achuuf mala hordoffii infiluweenzaa biyyoolessaa akkaataa nuti itti fooyyessine ibsa.
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
Galmeessuun ragaalee akka danda’mu gochuuf koodiiwwan haarawa atattamaan uumnee itti daballee jirra, bu’a-qabeessummaa malawwan to’annaa hordofuufis ragaa funaanaa jirra.
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
Karaa to’annoo kanaa, waa’ee amaloota COVID-19 kunuunsa namoota olii-gadi socho’anii keessaa ilaalchisee wantoota dabalataa arguuf yaadna.
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
Keessumaa, saffisa inni ittiin faffaca’aa jiru, yeroodhaanis ta’e bakkaan.
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
Qorannaan nuti dhukkubsattoota balaa gad aanaa qaban irratti adeemsifnu mala to’annaa isa qorannaa vaayirasii dhukkubsattoota balaa olaanaaf saaxilamaniifi namoota isaaniin walquunnaman irratti adeemsifnu akkasumas adda of baasuu irratti hundaa’e illee hammam bu’aa akka inni qabu baruuf ni gumaacha.
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
To’annaan saffisa tatamsa’inaa xiqqeessuu qaba, tarii immoo hordoffii cimaarraa kan ka’e to’annaa tatamsa’inaa keessa bu’aan jiraachuu mala.
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
Haa ta’u malee, akkuma Xaaliyaan keessatti ta’e qabxiin vaayirasiin kun uummata keessatti ballinaan itti babalachuu danda’u jiraachuu mala.
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
Hordoffiin dhukkubsattoota balaan isaanii gad aanaa ta’ee yemmuu nuti tuqaa olaanaa kana geenyuufi yemmuu hammi dhukkubichaa gadi bu’uu jalqabu irratti odeeffannoo kennuu qaba.
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
Qorannaan baballachuu fi to’annoo dhukkuba COVID-19 ariifachiisaa ta’ee jira.
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
Uumamsi yaalii UK kan galmee bu’uureffatu haala mudannaa waliigalaa fi turtii guutummaatti uumuu nu dandeessisa jechuudha.
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
Sirni to’annoo bakkeewwan faffaca’iinsi COVID-19 itti raawwataa jiru, kanneen yaalii farra vaayirasiitiif mijatoo ta’uu malan adda baasuu danda’uu qaba.
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
Bu’a qabeessummaa fi miidhaa cinaa qorichoota yookaan talaalliiwwan kanniinii illee hordofuu ni dandeenya.
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
Dhumarratti, dhukkubi COVID-19 mirkanaawaan dursee adda baafame neetwoorkii biyyaalessaa keessatti dafee hojiirra ooluu hordoffii fooyya’aa kanaatiif fakkeenya ta’eera.
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
Eeggannoon shaakala irrattii dhimma jalqabaati.
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC’n waggoota 50 oliif hojii irra tureera innis akka adda baasetti dhibeewwaniifi talaallii bu’a qabeessa weerara Flu Hong Kong kan bara 1968/69, Flu Raashiyaa kan 1977/78 fi weerara Flu Siwaayiniif kan 2009.
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
Nuyi dabaluu balaafama hojjettoota dhimma yaalaa ykn dhukkubsattoota biro to’annoo keessatti hirmaataniif hubannoo uuma miti.
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
Qophaa’inni weerara dhibee daddarbaatiif taasifamu qaama ga’ee Giddugalli Qo’annoo fi Hordoffii (RSC) Ogeeyyii Hojii Fayyaa Waliigalaa Kooleejii Rooyaal (RCGP) ti.