atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
K5m in f]n w`l pu]]ny ran cua w22 kv m5 g]rv min tussk piny k` bv th6p vn l``r kv ku5c raam vms kvn ciaax in we kv w`l kv pek tum`, cua l``r5 diaal thuk tin we rvc kv webthaat WHO kv ciaax l1t k00l.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Bu]n wec mu]]n kv guec civvx` mal` v k5mn5 WHO cua min tussk ben thvm kv f66 ba c1r kulv k1m raar kv gssy f]1n wal t]t], k` ba ciaax w1l gvr kiv ba min dee naath lu`k lar.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
G6r x`c` kvl m5 c``t kv vns m5 ca l1t kv web kvvl m5 csal kv 5 ‘Jek’ cua jv k1m raar kv pay di]k rvi w55n5 d1x b1rsw v INSERM (Paris, France). kv n5n paay di]k, yi7u tin l1t kv f]]n kvvl cu kv cop k` bathdssr5 t5 US$108 kv naath t5 203,000, srganayth22cin5 kvn kuumvn5, kv w55 t5 45 t5 ca rs mat th5n kv xun yi77un5 kiv yoop f]]n`.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Wal t5 g66l t5 xuan tin te naath guicdivn cet d22 naath lu`k kv ciaax tum` kv jivvn thil tvth` lsaac kv n5n ju1th, cet kv NSAIDS kiv bronchodilators /k1n kv mat k` tharb2t v te pinyv.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
K]kivn k` k11th tin nhiam II kv f]]n kiv tum t5 xuan k` k1th in I ca kv p1l raar k` f]]n kia ca kv woc.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
TRh11x wal k` k1th in I-II kv f]]n kuiy jsacdivn kv f66 dee kv gsaa (piny 12%) vn f66 dee kv we nhiam k` k11th f]]n5 tin k]x v ba gu11t jek.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Hydroxychloroquine jvn xuanv v l`nyv chloroquine rvi Yunaytet Y5tht22t.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
C`x min kvn w55 t5 xuan nhsk kvn chloroquine kiv hydroxychloroquine kv tu]m nath tin cv moc COVID-19, kv gu11th m5 cet kv pay di]k 2020 cuv xot vn w`l vms /k1nvn5 x`th v gsaa kv dup f]]n` wal in la tusk k` Yunaytet Y5tht22t.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chloroquine ca jv lat vmukt`pn5 pusl` pu11ny k` China 5 gsaayv, kvn Thsth korea kvn Tiliaan kv tu]m COVID-19, c`x m22 ca jv lar v kvn 5 jvn gu1cv kv naath tin te kv ju11th lsaac v US CDC.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Kvn wak d1x rvw titi te kvn kv l1t k00l m5 reep rs kv wal tin ca g]r, m5 jak pek w1l lu1k in ca xun v gvvr kvn ciaax thuc` ju1th.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Th11x nath cu kv te kv kuuk kv gu1c wal titit kv rivm. Kv 12 pay xuaan, cua f]]n wal m5 tst m5 ca f]n dueelwal k` Brazil uc jv k1p cu]x m22 c5 naath t5 xuan t5 ca moc chloroquine kv pek m5 d55t jssc vn f66 c5 kv te kv ku2t lsaac m5 d55t, cuv l5th 11 n66x.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
F]]n5 wal k` China rvi Wuhan kvn Shenzhen cua jv lar 5 favipiravir jvn gsaayv v puc.
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
K` j5 ju1th t5 35 k` Shenzhen t5 cua kv jek thil kv juey rvi n5n5 d1x xuaan, k` cu pek j`ny` ju1th la n5n 11 kv j5 ju1th t5 45 tin /k2n k1m w`l vms.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Rvi g7r` x`c` m5 ca l1t k` Wuhan k` naath t5 240 t5 cv moc pneumonia, cua nuthdivn moc kv favipiravir k` cua tin k]x moc umifenovir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Vn ri`tm5 csal kv 5 ‘g6r x`c` v xot l1t du22lwal’ ca jv lar v lab k` vito kvn vo5, lat kv jv v tuk k11thn5 kv l1t wal, antibayrsl kiv monoclonal anti-therapy, cet kvc11p tin ba nvn pek in ba th6p kvvl k` wal kvn luex in derv lvn we n66x m5 cv b`l, v xot /k1n vn w`l vms n5 we nhiam kv kv gssydv kvvl kvn guec civvx` l1tdv k` gar ran.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Th11x antibaystikn5 d22 kv dhil r5t kv ku5c tum` COVID-19:
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Kn pay di]k 2020, vn proteas in nhiamdivn k` SARS-CoV-2 bayr`th cua jv nvn v la min nhiam kv wal tin nhiam v xot luex.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
V n endhaam r6xv k` gu11th in tussk juey th5n kv l1tdv kv ribonucleic acid k` bayr`th.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Kv g6r jek` endhaam`, thanyth5thn5 cu kv l`t kv gvnsme; b22 raar k` g66r x`c` China kv pay kvl 2020 kv l2y proteas in nhiam.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Cet kv mat xsakn5 m5 dee naath lu`k, cu kvn kv k1n kvvl k` k1th in III k` wu]]k 2020 proj0k` l1t k00l wec mu]]n kv ku5c COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
G6r x`c` m5 tst k` China kv mat lopinavir kvn ritonavir cuv jssc vn f66 thilv m5 ji``k m5 cv n66x k` naath tin ca ts11c dueelwal kv COVID-19.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
nysk muc` wal b’ kv gu11th (min csal kv b` 5 nysak muc` wal kv gu11th, nysak muc` kv lust, nysak muc` wal kv l1t kiv g2r lu`k`) v nysak muc` wal t5 ca lust l1tdin x`th kv lu1x kv f66 ba kv tom juey d]divn kiv ciaax pusl` pu11ny m5 /c5 ms a jvn min l`t kvnv n5 wen m22 t1th kv kv.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Vn nvmv v keer kvl k` g6r x`c` kv dup thanythith` min ku naath lvn te th5n t`mv kv g6r du]p in d22 tom COVID-19.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Dup l1t g7r` x`c` k]kivn kv kvn f66 ba wal g7r m5 tusm kv COVID-19 kvn ksnb`rthvn pladhma tu1n5thpucin. SARS-CoV-2 t22 kv protein m5 66 m5 d22 wal v n`k, kvl k` kv t22 kv gu1th m11t5 ligand t5 xuan.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Guec m11tn5 titi nyooth proj0k m5 thu]k kv l1t wal antibayrsl kv ku5c k66r COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Min bum k` kvn diaal k` SARS-CoV-2 kv proteasn5 tin cet kv papain, RNA in cux jssk RNA psl5mvreth, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
Hussen A A, et al cv wal t5 xuan gueec t5 c5 jssc gsw k` ca guic k` ciaax cuux`divn in c``t kv gssy in d55t in ca nvn k` wal tin c``t kv kv tin ca x`th 5 gsaa n5 wen kv f66 reep kvn wal tin dee we kv anti- SARS-CoV-2 kv t1thdivnrvi g7r` x`c`dv kv gu11th in xot wal /ken kv cop l`t kv f66 d22 kv kulv lar rvi g7r` x`c` wal.
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
Chloroquine v w`l anti-malarial m5 l`t b` kv ku5c g1x ju1thn5 bum` pu11ny tin k]x.
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
kv 18 pay di]k, cu WHO jv lar 5 Chloroquine kvn wal tin c``t kv jv cet kv hydroxychloroquine dee kvn te rvi wal d1x xuaan tin guvc kv v maat k00l kv f]n gssydivn.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Ku``r m5dh55r New York Anrew Cuomo cuv jv lar 5 f]]n New York Y5tht22t kv chloroquine kvn hydroxychloroquine bv tussk kv 24 pay di]k. kv 28 pay di]k, cu FDA lu1x k1m hydroxychloroquine sulfate kvn chloroquine phosphate kv piny lu`x` rik` m5 rup-rup kv (EUA).
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
Vn tu]m vs /k1n jv nhsk v FDA kv du]]p fs1ndv kv wal k` cua lu1xdv we k1m EUA k`rsa cet kv ram dee ciaax th2m we g7r kv guecdv v vjn kv ku5c rik` m5 rup-rup k` naath tin ca ts11c dueelwal kv jekdivn kv tu]m kv f]]n wal.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
Vn CDC cuv jv lar 5 lust k1n` w1l, pek in ba th6p kiv kam thaaknt tin th6p kv nt jv vn hydroxychloroquine kv prophylaxis kiv tu]m luex` SARS-CoV-2 xot kv /k1n kv l1t.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
Cu k5mn5 jv lar 5 kvn l`t kv kv wal m5 thilv du]]r d]divn m5 d22 f]n.
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Bu]n Turkey kv ku5c g7r` x`c` kv Ithtanbul jaa l`t kv g6r x`c` m5 tst kv ciaax in d22 k`n chloroquine m5 ca mat kv zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C kv vitamin D.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
G7r x`c` t5 xuan ka th5n t`mv k` Duke Yunvb7thvt5 kvn Yunvb7thvt5 Oxford.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
NYU Langne min la duelg]r` wal l`tv f]]n kv gssy kvn r7x civvx` g1x ju1th kv k`n nath kv hydroxychloroquine.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
F]]n china kv wal k` Wuhan kvn Shenzen cv jv lar 5 favipiravir gsaayv a thil diw.
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
K` j5 ju1th t5 35 k` Shenzhen t5 cua kv jek thil kv juey rvi n5n5 d1x xuaan, k` cu pek j`ny` ju1th la n5n 11 kv j5 ju1th t5 45 tin /k2n k1m w`l vms.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Rvi g7r` x`c` m5 ca l1t k` Wuhan k` naath t5 240 t5 cv moc pneumonia, cua nuthdivn moc kv favipiravir k` cua tin k]x moc umifenovir.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
Parmathiwt5ksl Tiliaan kvl cv naath ji6k 5 l``r kvl m5 nyooth f66 gsaa w`l thilv jv k` kuiyv.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
Kv 2 pay xuaan, cu Jvrmvn jv lar 5 bv wal ksk k` Japan kv ku5c wecdv, k` b5 d2c kv we n66x kvn wal k` yunvb7thvt5 du22lwal in ba kvn wal ben tom naath tin cv moc kv juey COVID-19.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Cet kv m5 ca lar v gu11th l``r5 china n5 mornix p66th, Shinzo Abe cv c1r k1m kuumv Trump kv ku5c k7k` wal. Kvn wal t]t] d]x dee gssydivn dhil ku00 kv ciaax m5 c5 juey gu1ndv d5t m5 c5 bayr`th rs lusc n5 wen.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
D]x /c5 kv dee gsaa kv m`n tin ru2tn5 kvn tin g77r gaat.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
G6r x`c` kvl kv lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), min la mat antibayrsl5 lopinavir kvn ritonavir, cv jv lat kv lscdv 5 thilv gssy m5 cv nvn.
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Kvn wal titi ca kv l1t kv g1x HIV kv f66 cv b5 we kv we nhiam v proteas in mat kv.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Bu]n g66r5 x`c` k` Yunvb7thvt5 Kslsrado ka f]]n` ger` wal kv f66 d22 ksmpssn m5 mat rs kvn proteas SARS-CoV-2 jek. T22 kv xaknsaam kam thaanytithn5 kv kuaak in thi1k in d22 gvr wal tin wen cet t22 ca l1t kv ku5c HIV/AIDS.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
Vn WHO cv lopinavir/ritonavir mat rvi wal tin ba f]n kvvl w55 mu]]n.
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
Remdesivir ram m22 l`tv v Gilead thaany kv ku5c tum` ju1th bayr`th Ebola kvn luex Marburg bayr`th. Thaany Gilead kb ksrv cuv Remdesivir jek t22 kv antibayrsl rvi vitro m5 nyieeny kv pilo t5 xuan, pneumo-, paramyxo-, kv ksrsnabayr`thn5.
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Du]]r kvl k` tu]m antibayrsl v l1t kv ciaax rut` kv mut22cin in dee naath nax k` rep d6p ju1th vl]x.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Th11x g7r5 x`c` t5 ca l1t n5 wal nyooth kvn f66 remdesivir derv te kv jvnvt5 m5 d55t m5 dee jv lu`x kv k1p. T`mv t22 kv f]]n5 t5 xuan t5 tussk, kv rvw ti ca l1t dueelwal k` Cleveland Yunvb7thvt5; kvl kv ku5c nath tin te kv juey m5 tst kv min d]x kv ku5cnath tin te kv juey m5 d55t.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
T22 kv f]]n5 di]k t5 tussk t`mv k` intravenous vitamin C kv ku5c nath tin ca ts11c dueelwal tin cv d`k kv COVID-19 vl]x; ca placebo n5 rvw lu`x (China, Kvnvda) kv kvl m5 /k1n lu`x k` Tiliaan.
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
New York Y5tht22t cvf]]n tok k` antibaystik azithromycin kv 24 pay di]k 2020.
Japan's National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) is planning a clinical trial for Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, for the treatment of pre-symptomatic patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
Mukt`p Japan kv ku5c pusl` pu11ny wecmu]]n kvn wal (NCGM) g77r f]n kv ku5c Teijin Avesco (ciclesonide), corticosteroid in la du`x in la b1t kv kv ku5c adhuma, kv ku5c tum` j5 ju1th tin /ken nyuuthn5kvin n5 tussk tin cv moc juey ksrsnabayr`th` min rvl rs.
A form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a Phase II trial is underway with 200 patients to be recruited from severe, hospitalized cases in Denmark, Germany, and Austria to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
C``t angiotenthin in r55t endhaam 2, kv k1th h]]n` min II ja rvi f]]n` kv j5 ju1th t5 200 t5 ba kuany k` naath tin d5t jueydivn tin ca ts11c k1 Jvrmvn, Denmark kv Austria kv f66 ba gssydv thvm kv tu]m.
Researchers from the Montreal Heart Institute in Canada are currently studying the role of colchicine in reducing inflammation and pulmonary complications in patients suffering from mild symptoms of COVID-19.
G66r x`c` k` Montreal Heart Institute k` Kvnvda ka th5n t`mv g77r kvnlust lu`x` colchicines kv t11 in la jocv pu]t kvn d5t rik` rvi lsaac k` naath tin cv mock iv cuc kv nyuuthn5 tin kuiy k` COVID-19.
The study, named COLCORONA, is recruiting 6000 adults aged 40 and over who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and experience mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization.
G6r x`c` kvl m5 ca csl 5 COLCORONA jaa th5n kuanyv naath t5 6000 t5 dsx t5 d5t t5 b``l runkivn 40 t5 ca jek cv moc juey COVID-19 k` c5 cuuc kv nyuuthn5 t5 kuiy t5 thil t]]c dueelwalm5 g77r kvnv.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or who do not have an effective contraceptive method are not eligible.
m`n t5 ru2tn5 kiv lueth kiv t5 /ca wal g1x dap` k`n gsw kv b`.
Several anticoagulants are being tested in Italy.
Anticoagulantn5 t5 xuan ba kv th22m k` Tiliaan.
Low-molecular-weight heparin is being widely used to treat patients, prompting the Italian Medicines Agency to publish guidelines on its use.
Heparin in te kv mslskulsr m5 kuiy thiakdv jvn l`t naath kv jv kv tu]m j5 ju1th k` Tiliaan, cv jssc k` kv kvn j5 mukt`p` wal Tiliaan vms vn f66 ba du]]p in k1n kvn5 jv lat.
A multicenter study on 300 patients researching the use of enoxaparin sodium at prophylaxis and therapeutic dosages was announced in Italy on April 14.
G6r x`c` m5 xuan jidv k` naath t5 j5 ju1th t5 300 m5 g77r du]]p in k1n kv enoxaparin sodium kv prophylaxis kvn pek lu`k` kv pek in k1n kv ca jv lar k` Tiliaan kv pay xuaan.
Since SARS-CoV-2 is a virus, considerable scientific attention has been focused on repurposing approved anti-viral drugs that were developed for prior outbreaks such as MERS, SARS, and West Nile virus.
Kv f66 SARS-CoV-2 v bayr`th, g77rv guec m5 gsaa k` thanytithn5 min tussk kv nysak guecdivn kv wal tin wen tin tusk kv ju1th t22 c5 ksx tussk cet kv MERS, SARS, kvn West Nile bayr`th.
Ribavirin: ribavirin was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Ribavirin: ribavirin ca jv lark v ku5c tum` COVID-19 cet kv ruac china dup tin c5 ben raar kv wargak in 7th.
Umifenovir: umifenovir was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Umifenovir: umifenovir cua gssydv lark v ku5c tum` COVID-19 cet kv ruac china dup tin c5 ben raar kv wargak in 7th
Some antibiotics that have been identified as potentially repurposable as COVID-19 treatments:
Th11x antibaystikn5 tin ca nvn 5 gsaa kv nysak ger`divn kv kum` COVID-19:
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Approved by China.
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Ca jv x`th v China.
Also trials in Italy and China. and see Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
Ca jv fs11n b` k` Tiliaan kvn China. k` guic Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
It is unclear yet whether conditions arising during pregnancy including diabetes, cardiac failure, hypercoagulability or hypertension might represent additional risk factors for pregnant people as they do for nonpregnant people.From the limited data available, vertical transmission during the third trimester probably does not occur, or only occurs very rarely.
Jvn /ken jssc v gsaa m5 kvn rik tin la tuss rvi ruet` cet kv juey thok22r, juey lsaac, hypercoagulability kiv d5t rivm 5 d]x dee kvn rik k]kivnn66x k` naath tin ru2tn5 cet kv min tussk k` naath tin /c5 ruet. K` l``r in tst in te w1ns t`mv, ciaax d6p v we nhial kv pay in di]]kdivn jvn /ca tusskv, kin d]x derv tussk v dak.
There is no data yet on early pregnancy.
Xotv thilv l``r k` tuk ruet`.
Little evidence exists to permit any solid conclusions about the nature of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.
Thu]k m5 tst t22 th5n m5 dee naath n6x f66 lar kv ku5c civvx` luex` COVID-19 rvi ruet`.
A case series of 43 women from New York who tested positive for COVID-19 showed similar patterns to non-pregnant adults: 86% had mild disease, 9.3% had severe disease and 4.7% developed critical disease.
Kv pek m5 luaay rs k` m`n t5 ru2tn5 t5 43 k` NewYork t5 ca jek juey COVID-19 nyoothv m5 c``t kv min tussk k` m`n tin /c5 ruet: 86% k` kv te kv juey m5 kuiy, 9.3 % te kv kv juey m5 d55t k` 4.7% cu jueydivn we kv d5t.
Fetal distress was reported in two.
Cua b0v civvx` gat` jic nvn k` m`n rvw.
None of the women developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died.
Thilv ciek kvl m5 cu te kv COVID-19 pneumonia kiv cu l5w.
All of them had live birth pregnancies and no severe neonatal asphyxia was observed.
Cu kvn diaal v gsaa k` cuv thil kvl k` kv m5 cu te kv gu1c jsam m5 ca nvn.
The samples of breast milk, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all results were negative.In another study on 15 pregnant women, majority of the patients presented with fever and cough, while laboratory tests yielded lymphocytopenia in 12 patients.
T22 ca k1n k` cakivn tin waa thvm, l1k pu11ny gat`, rivm c``r` kvn li11k gat` cua kv thvm kv SARS-CoV-2, cu kvn diaal thil xu. Rvi g7r` x`c` d]divn k` m`n 15 t5 ru2tn5, j5 ju1th tin xuan5 kvn cu kv te kv l2th pu11ny kvn kivl, k` cu th2m lab jv lar 5 te m`n d1x 12 kv lymphocytopenia.
Computed tomography findings of these patients were consistent with previous reports of non-pregnant patients, consisting of ground-glass opacities at early stage.
Te22 ca jek k` tomography m5 ca ksmput k` kv m`n titi cuv 11t kv m22 nhiam k` m`n t22 /c5 ruet, kv neen pivny kv gu11th in nhiam.
Follow-up images after delivery showed no progression of pneumonia.Media reports indicate that over 100 women with COVID-19 might have delivered, and in March 2020, no maternal deaths were reported.
Thurvn5 tin gu]]r kv kv kv kv cuv jv nyooth 5 thilv pneumonia. l``r5 m5dia cua jv nyoth 5 m`n t5 b`` 100 t5 cv moc COVID-19 c5 kv dap kv pay di]k 2020, thilv li11 man gat` m5 ca lar.
Their guidelines thus advise that any pregnant person admitted to hospital with a COVID-19 infection should receive at least 10 days of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin after being discharged from the hospital.
Du]]p in coth kv guurivn cuv jv nyoth 5 ram ruet m5 ca ts11c dueelwal kv juey luex` COVID-19 derv heparin mslskulsr in kuiy thiakdv k1n kv n5n 10 dux prophylactic rvi dueelwal.
There are no data yet concerning the implications of COVID-19 infections for labour.
Xotv thilv l``r kv rik` m5 dee tusk rvi dap` kv ku5c COVID-19.
One infant girl born to a mother with COVID-19 had elevated IgM levels two hours after birth, suggesting that she had been infected in utero and supporting the possibility of vertical transmission in some cases.
Gat nyaal kvl m5 ca dap v ciek m5 cv moc COVID-19 cuv te kv IgM m5 lvm kv rvi thaakn5 rvw kv ksr dap`dv, m5 nyooth f66 ca luex jek rvi jivc man k` nyoothv jv 5 d6p ju1th v we nhial derv te th5n b`.
A small study involving 6 confirmed COVID-19 mothers showed no indication of SARS-COV-19 in their newborns' throats or serum but antibodies were present in neonatal blood sera samples, including IgM in two of the infants.
G6r x`c` m5 tst m5 nax naath d1x 6 kv ku5c COVID-19 k` man5 gan nyoothv jv 5 thilv SARS-CoV-2 k` li``k gankivn kiv k` bu]]cdivn duxdv f66 antibod5n5 te kv th5n k` rivm gan 2 ca we thvm, kvvl kv IgM k` gaat rvw.
This is not usually passed from mother to fetus so further research is required to know whether the virus crossed the placenta or whether placentas of women in the study were damaged or abnormal.
Vns /ca jv dsp k` man5kivn v we kv gaat, kv ku5c vms g77r g6r x`c` d]divn kv f66 ba lustdv kulv x1x m5 vn bayr`th derv jivvn kv rvi laap ci2k kiv ca lap m``n vn rvi g7r` x`c` vmv guic v ji`k.
Since COVID-19 shows similarities to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it is likely that their effect on pregnancy are similar.
Kv f66 COVID-19 jsscv 5 c``tv kv ju1th SARS-CoV-2 tin k]x, cetv kvm5 t11divn k` m`n t5 ruet v kvl.
Four of seven had first trimester miscarriage, two of five had fetal growth restriction in the second trimester, and four of five had preterm birth.
Xuaan k` b1rsw cu kv te kv m5 tussk k` pay in nhiamdivn, rvw k` dhieec cu te kv thil pieth gan kv k1th pay in rvwdv, cu xuaan k` dhieec dap kv r2t.
None of the newborns were infected with SARS-CoV.
Thilv kvl k` gaat tin pay dap m5 cu te kv juey SARS-CoV.
A report of ten cases of MERS- CoV infection in pregnancy in Saudi Arabia showed that the clinical presentation is variable, from mild to severe infection.
L``r k` d\j5 ju1th d1x w`l t5 cv moc MERS-CoV t5 ruet k` Saudi Arabia nyoothv jv 5 jscv k` min lat kvnv, v kuiy v we k` tin lvm.
The outcome was favorable in a majority of the cases, but the infant death rate was 27%.A recent review suggested that COVID-19 appeared to be less lethal to mothers and infants than SARS and MERS but that there may be an increased risk of preterm birth after 28 weeks' gestation.
Min tussk cuv gsaa k` r5wdivn, duxdv f66 cu pek lieth gan r`th k` 27%. Nysak guec m5 pay l1t kv gu11thv thi1kv nyoothv jv 5 COVID-19 cv jssc 5 dak li11dv k` man5 gan kvn gaatkivn k` SARS kvn MERS duxdv f66 dervtussk 5 bv te kv rivk kv dap kv r2t kv ksr jok` min 28 divn.
The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States advises pregnant women to do the same things as the general public to avoid infection, such as covering cough, avoid interacting with sick people, cleaning hands with soap and water or sanitizer.
Mukt`p pusl` pu11ny wec mu]]n in d55t kvn gu1th g1x ju1th kvn k`pdv cu]x k` Yunaytet Y5tht22t cv m`n tin ru2tn5 ji6k 5 ba kvvl m5 cet kv min l`t kv naath diaal kv ciaax pusl` pu11ny kv g1x luex` l1t, cet kv kumdivn kv nhiamdivn min kivl kv, p`l civvx` k00l kv j5 ju1th, l1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny kvn p5w kiv than5taydhvr.
A survey conducted in Shanghai among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy identified a strong demand for online access to health information and services.
Thvrbvy m5 ca l1t k` Shangai k` m`n t5 ru2tn5 t5 te kv p`th t5 g66l kv ru2t cv jv nvn vn g6r m5 d55t snlaany kv jek l``r` civvx` pusl` pu11ny kvn min th6p kv v la l1t.
People expecting their first baby were more willing to have online consultation and guidance than who had previously given birth.The RCOG and RCM recommend that in-person appointments be deferred by 7 days after the start of symptoms of COVID-19 or 14 days if another person in the household has symptoms.
Naath tin tookn5 dap cua jv nvn nhak kvn guec snlaany kvn guur du]p v b``l kvn naath tin c5 ksx dap n5 wal. Vn RCOG kvn RCM laar kvnv 5 b5 raan ben rvc kv mat ruac kv n5n 7 kv ksr tuk` nyuuthn5 COVID-19 kiv kv n5n 14 m5cv te kv radivn ciex m5 c5 nyuuthn5 tussk k` jv.
Fever subsequently developed in three asymptomatic patients.
L2th pu11ny la t22 th5n k` ram kvl rvi naath d1x di]k t5 thil nyuuthn5.
One patient who had tested negative subsequently became symptomatic postpartum and tested positive three days after the initial negative test.
Gu1n ju1th kvl m5 ca jek v thil juey cuv te kv nyuuthn5 kv ksrv k` cua we jek cv te kv juey rvi n5n5 d2x di]]k k]kivn.
The doctors conducting the screening recommended that in order to reduce infection and allocate PPE, due to high numbers of patients presenting as asymptomatic, universal screening of pregnant patients should be conducted.
Kvn k5mn5 tin lvvy naath ca jv lar 5kv g6r k` f66 ba luex xok k` ba PPE n5 th7p kv gu11thdivn, kv ku5c xuan` nath tin jsc cet thil kv nyuuthn5, ca ley k1m raar kv ku5c nath diaal tin ruet m5 ba dhil l1t.
They also suggest that people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should have continuous electronic fetal monitoring.
Ca jv lar v kvn b` 5 naath tin ca diw kiv ca x`c 5 cv moc juey COVID-19 b5 kv xot kv m5 gax kv li11 gan kv kuak electrnik.
The use of birthing pools is not recommended for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 due to the risk of infection via faeces.
L1t kv ciaax dap` kv kuak dap` /cv lvn xot kv m5 ba gu]]r v naath tin jsc 5 cv moc COVID-19 kv f66 thi1k f66 dee luex naath jek kv cvth.
In the UK, official recommendations state that precautionary separation of a mother and a healthy baby should not be undertaken lightly and that they should be kept together in the postpartum period where neonatal care is not required.Literature from China recommended separation of infected mothers from babies for 14 days.
K` UK, g77r l11t kuumv jv 5 tiit in d22 k1n kv d``k n5 gat` m5 pusl pu]nydv kvnv man /caa jv b5 k`p v pusl k` baa kv y5k jak` te gu11th kvl kv ksr dap` m5 thivlv m5 g77r yu]p gat` dueel t5t` gan tin pay dap. Wargakn5 g6r` x`c` tin caa l1t k` Cvyna g77r kvnv 5 d22 man gat` m5 te kv luex dhil d11k kv gat kv n5n 14.
In the US there is also the recommendation that newborns and mothers should be temporarily separated until transmission-based precautions are discontinued, and that where this is not possible the newborn should be kept 2 metres away from the mother.
K` US t22 kv m5 g6rkv d2 l1t 5 d2 gaat tin pay dap kvnv man5kivn jaa te g6l5 kv gu11th m5 tst vm`n5m5 c5 gu11th in de naathr7 tit kv kvjv kv d6p ju1th thu]k, k` gu`thn5 tin /c5 nvmv rs dee luot th5n d2 gat in pay dap jak` n1n kv man kvv m5t5r5 2.
b'COVID-19 surveillance involves monitoring the spread of the coronavirus disease in order to establish the patterns of disease progression.
Gu`c civx` ju1th kvv b'COVID-19 matv guur5 d`k`piny jsaaak in csal5 ksrsna b1yr]th kv 66 baa t11 in we kv jsk nhiam kulv guic.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active surveillance, with focus of case finding, testing and contact tracing in all transmission scenarios.
C5 mukt`p pusl` pu11ny in d55t w55mu]]n js lat 5 g77rv jv 5 baa gu`c civx` ju1th y5k l1th l`t, k` b5 c1r nath y5k we k` g6r ju1th,kvnv th2m, am`n5 guur5 nvvn5 tin te kvv r6m kv dup diaal kv ram c5 juey vk`p.
COVID-19 surveillance is expected to monitor epidemiological trends, rapidly detect new cases, and based on this information, provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessment and guide disease preparedness.
G1x COVID-19 guvc kv jv derv naath lu`k g1x thi`y` ju1th rvi fsaa, jek nath kv naath tin cv k`p kv p0th, kv ku5c l``r` nvmv, v l``r xu]n kv kvku5c j5 wec kv f66 ba du]]p rik` g7r kvn f66 b5 du]]p in rial naath rs 5l` kv jv jssc.
Syndromic surveillance is done based on the symptoms of an individual that corresponds to COVID-19.
Ciaax g1x v c5 nyuuthn5 tussk la nax jv kv t11 in n0n kv nyuuthn5 raams tin c``t kv nyin COVID-19.
As of March 2020, the WHO recommends the following case definitions:
Kv gu11th m5 cet kv pay di]k 2020, cu WHO ruac lat kv du]]p vmv:
Probable case : "A suspect case for whom testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive" OR "a suspect case for whom testing could not be performed for any reason".
Diw : Ram ca diw v ram lot rs p1ny kv th2m COVID-19 kiv ram ca diw m5 /ca b5 thvm kv lust kvl m5 x`c kv.
Confirmed case: "A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms".
X1th: Ram ca x`th v lab 5 cv moc luex COVID-19 c`x thilv jvnyuuthn5 ti 0n kv.
Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case;
Gueer ran kv rs kvn ram ca diw 5 cv moc juey kiv rac c5 jssc v k7k 5 cvmoc juey COVID-19 v thil kuak g1x;
Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment;
Yoop raam m5 cv moc kv luex ju1th COVID-19 v thil kuak ran kv es t5 cv ku2x;
Other situations as indicated by local risk assessments".WHO recommends reporting of probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection within 48 hours of identification.
K11th tin k]x cet kv tin ca nyoth v naath tin nvvn min dee rivk n66x. WHO cv jv lar 5 th6pv l``r diw` kvn min ca x`th v cv jssc 5 cv moc COVID-19 rvi thaakn5 t5 48 tin n0n jv.
The countries should report on a case-by-case basis as far as possible, but in case of limitation in resources, aggregate weekly reporting is also possible.
Kvmn w55 ba l``r th6p kv k0l-kvvl5 kv gu11th in lot rs, duxdv f66 m5 dak kuak, d22 l``r v th6p kv jusk b` /cv ji`k.
Some organizations have created crowdsourced apps for syndromic surveillance, where people can report their symptoms to help researchers map areas with concentration of COVID-19 symptoms.
Th11x srganayth22cin5 ba kuak dhil l1t t5 c5 riil cet kv apslk22cin5 tin nyooth ciaax g1x, k` b5 naath pu1nykivn min tussk k`k v dhil ben lat kv g66 ba g66r x`c` lu`k kv ciaax in b5 kvnv x`c gu11th tin c5 thi11c kv COVID-19.
Virological surveillance is done by using molecular tests for COVID-19.
G1x bayr`th` la nax jv kv l1t nath kvvl kvciaax th2m mslskul5 kv th2m COVID-19.
WHO has published resources for laboratories on how to perform testing for COVID-19.
WHO cv wargakn5 k1m raar kv ku5c th2m k` lab kv ciaax in ba l`tn5 th2m.
In the European Union, laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 are reported within 24 hours of identification.
K` Yurspin Yuni6n, lab cv jv jek vn f66 pek COVID-19 ba jv dhil lar rvi thaakn5 24 tin n0n jv th5n.
At least 24 countries have established digital surveillance of their citizens.
W55 t5 24 vwe nhiam c5 kvn gu`c civx` ju1th kv ksmp5`tvr tok k` gaat wecdivn.
The digital surveillance technologies include apps, location data and electronic tags.
Vn t0kn6l6j5 gu`c c5vx` ju1th kv ksmp5`tvr te rvydv kv ap5l5k2cin5, nvtw`k m5 nyooth gu1th ran kvnv g]]r5 nyuth` ci66tn5 vl0ktvr7nikn5.
The Center For Disease Control and Prevention in USA tracks the travel information of individuals using airline passenger data.
C5 mukt`p g1x ju1th in d55t k` USA l``r5 j1l ran v guur k` gu11th l``r5 nvvn5 t5 j11l k` mukt`p r51th nhial5.
In Hong Kong, authorities are requiring a bracelet and an app for all travellers.
K` H]xksx, g77r nvy tin te kv lu1x jv 5 baa j11l diaal tetkivn moc civk kiv ap5l5k2cin.
A GPS app is used to track the locations of individuals in South Korea to ensure against quarantine breach, sending alerts to the user and to authorities if people leave designated areas.
T22 kv ap5l5k2cin GPSk` m5 la gu11th ran v nyooth k` Thsth K6riaa kvv tiit xut1 nyuur` gu1th kvl, m5 c5 raan gu11th nyuur` gu1th kvl b1ny piny bv l``r j`k` gu1ndv kvnv nvy tin te ke lu1x.
In Singapore, individuals have to report their locations with photographic proof.
K` Thixgpoor, b5 raan gu11th in t22 th5n dhil lat kv nyu]th thurvk` m5 baa kulv x`thjv.
Thailand is using an app and SIM cards for all travelers to enforce their quarantine.
Thailand l`tv kv app kvn th5m kat kv ku5c naath diaal tin j11l kv f66 ba naath jak` nyuur gu11th kvl.
Human rights organizations have criticized some of these measures, asking the governments not to use the pandemic as a cover to introduce invasive digital surveillance.
Srganayth22cin cuux` gat` ran cv th11x c11pn5 tin k1n kv bvl, thieecv kuumvn5 vn f66 /ca thi`y ju1th rvi fsaa b5 jak` tuuk kv f66 naath jut kv d5j5tsl thvrbvlanth5.
b'A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
W`l b’A COVID-19 v w`l m5 car kv n5 jv 5 ba l1t kv ku5c k66r ju1th ksrsnabayr`th 2019 (COVID-19).
Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple attempts in progress to develop such a vaccine.
C`x min thilv wal g1x t5 ca thuk kv l1t t`mv, t22 kv f]]n5 t5 xuan t5 te dup kv du5c l1t wal t]t].
In late February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months.
Kv guut paay rvw 2020, cu mukt`p pusl` pu11ny wec mu]]n (WHO) jv lar 5 guicv jv thilv w`l g1x k66r COVID-19-CoV-2, min la bayr`th in n77x li11 m5 b5 jssc rvi p1thn5 t5 daak 18.
Five vaccine candidates were in Phase I safety studies in April.
Wal d1x dhieec ka th5n k` k1th in I kv g6r x`c` kv apy xuaan.
COVID-19 was identified in December 2019.
COVID-19 n0n jv pay w`lrvw 2019.
A major outbreak spread around the world in 2020, leading to considerable investment and research activity to develop a vaccine.
Thi`y ju1th rvi fsaa in d55t tussk kv ru]]n 2020, cuv naath jak` c`r kv f66 ba x`x g7r kv ciaax t1th w1l.
Many organizations are using published genomes to develop possible vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Srganayth22cin5 t5 xuan k1m kv gensme raar kv ku5c l1t w1l k66r COVID-19.
Stated in April, imperatives of the CEPI initiative for vaccine development are speed, manufacturing capacity, deployment at scale, and global access.
Cua jv lat kv pay xuaan 5 min lot CEPI jv kv l1t w1l v f66 derv p0th, lu1x cvrkan5 tin t``th jv, l1t kv pek kv f66 bv cop w55 mu]]n kvvliw.
In April, CEPI scientists reported that 10 different technology platforms were under research and development during early 2020 to create an effective vaccine against COVID-19.
Kv pay xuaan, cu thannythithn5 CEPI jv lar 5 pilatpussmn5 t0knslsj5 d1x 10 ka th5n kv g6r kvn l1t kv tuk 2020 kv f66 ba wal k77r COVID-19 l1t.
Major platform targets advanced into Phase I safety studies include:
J5 k7k` tin d5t c5 kv cop k` Pek I g7r` x`c` gssy` w1l cetkv ms te:
nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: Moderna, mRNA-1273)
Nuklik acit (DNA kvnv RNA) (Pek I t1th kvnv nvy tin caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th: Musd5rvna, mRNA-1273)
viral vector (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: CanSino Biologics, adenovirus type 5 vector)
Tin j`l b1yr]th kv rvydivn (Pek I k` t1th kvnv nvy tin caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th: Kvnth55n66, nusw in 5divn in j``l Advn6b1yr]th)
As reported by CEPI scientists in April, 115 total vaccine candidates are in early stages of development, with 78 confirmed as active projects (79, according to the Milken Institute), and 37 others announced, but with little public information available (presumed to be in planning or being designed).
Cetkv min caa lat vtanyt5thn5 CEPI kv pay xuaan, pek nvvn5 t5 115 t5 caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th te kv k` pek t1th in nhiam, kvv pirsjvkn5 t5 78 t5 caa jek5 c5 we l`t, kv 37 k]kivn t5 caa lat, duxdv h66 kuiy l``r5 tin te th5n k` j5wec (caa k`p n5 jv 5 te naath c`r k` dv kiv rial kvjv 5 k`).
A Phase I-II trial conducts preliminary safety and immunogenicity testing, is typically randomized, placebo-controlled, and at multiple sites, while determining more precise, effective doses.
Pek I-II in caa h]n cv ciaax g1x in ca rial5k` kvv nhiam l1t kvnv th2m bum` pu11ny, m5 caa guvl, m5 l`t kv p5l1th55b6,am`n5 kv gu`th t5 xuan,k` waa kv m5 g6r kv pek w1l in deers lot k` r7x.
Phase III trials typically involve more participants, including a control group, and test effectiveness of the vaccine to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose.
Pek III in caa h]n matv nvy t5 xuan th5n, t5 te bu]n m5 /k1n moc w`l th5n, kvnv th2m w1l g1x ju1th kv g1xdv kv jsk, k` we naath kv m5 gu]]rkv tin j5`k tin dee w`l kv n66x kv pek w1l m5 p``r in d2 th6p.
Of 79 vaccine candidates in active development (confirmed as of early April 2020), 74 were not yet in human evaluation (still in "preclinical" research).
Rvy nvvn5 t5 79 tin caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th tin c5 t1thdivn we l`t (ti caa jek kv tuk pay xuaan 2020), 74 xotv /k1n kv d5`l gu`c k` raan (xotkv k` g6r x`c` “mi /ken cop duel w1l”).
Around 24 January 2020 in Australia, the University of Queensland announced that it is investigating the potential of a molecular clamp vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins in order to stimulate an immune reaction.
Kv gu11th m5 cetkv 24 k` pay kvl 2020 k` Stht5raliaa, cuu Yun5b7rth5t5 kuiinl00n v lat5 t22 g7r` w1l g1x ju1th m5 te rvydv kv muol5k56l5 m5 dee j55n5 p5rstiin5 b1yr]th` gvr kv h66 derv bu]m pu11ny kulv jiac nhial.
Around 24 January 2020 in Canada, the International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) at the University of Saskatchewan announced the commencement of work on a vaccine, aiming to start human testing in 2021.
Kv gu11th m5 cetkv 24 k` pay kvl 2020 k` Kvnvdv, cuu mukt`p g1x w1l ju1th in d55t w5mu]]n (VIDO-InterVac) k` Yun5b7rth5t5 Saskatchewan jv lat5 b5 ruac we raar kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th, m5 g77r h66 d22 h]ndv kv raan tok kvv 2021.
Vaccine development projects were announced at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 26 January 2020, and the University of Hong Kong on 28 January.
Cuaa p5rsjvk t1th w1l g1x ju1th lat v mukt`p g1x ju1th in d55t k` Cvyna kv c`xk` 26 k` pay kvl 2020, kvnv Yun5b7rth5t5 H]xksx kv c`xk` 28 k` pay kvl.
Around 29 January 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, led by Hanneke Schuitemaker, announced that it had begun work on developing a vaccine.
Kv gu11th m5 cetkv 29 k` pay kvl 2020, cuu ksmpvn5 t1th wal Janssen, min b7th kv v Hanneke Schuitemaker, jv lat5 cv l1t t1th w1l g1x ju1th tok.
Janssen is co-developing an oral vaccine with its biotechnology partner, Vaxart.
Janssen v ram kvl k` nvy tin l1tkv w`l g1x ju1th kvnv m``thdv k` bay6t0kn6l6j5,n5 Vaxart.
On 18 March 2020, Emergent BioSolutions announced a manufacturing partnership with Vaxart to develop the vaccine.
Kv c`xk` 18 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu Bay6thuluucin kv p0th jv lat5 tekv kvv nyuaak t1th kvv Vaxart kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th.
On 8 February 2020, the laboratory OncoGen in Romania published a paper on the design of a vaccine with similar technology to the one used for cancer neoantigen vaccination therapy.
Kv c`xk` 8 k` pay rvw 2020, cuu lab Sxk6j5n k` R7maniaa wargak g]r kv t11 in d22 w`l g1x ju1th l1t kvjv m5 c``t kv t0kn6l6j5 in l1t kvv n57-ant5j5n g1x k1nth00r` min tusm.
On 25 March the head of the research institute announced that they had finalized the synthesis of the vaccine and were beginning the tests.
Kv c`xk` 25 k` pay d5]k cuu ku``r mukt`p` g7r` x`c` in d55t v lat5 c5 kvn dup t1th w1l g1x ju1th thuk v te kv k` h66 took kvn h]ndv.
On 27 February 2020, a Generex subsidiary company, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, announced they were beginning a vaccine project to create an Ii-Key peptide vaccine against COVID-19.
Kv c`xk` 27 k` pay rvw 2020, cuu J55nrvk ksmpan5 min te piny ksmpan5 k` m5 d]x, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, jv lat5 c5 kvn p5rsjvk w1l g1x ju1th tok m5 cak w`l g1x ju1th Ii-Key peptaay m5 gax naath kvv COVID-19.
They wanted to produce a vaccine candidate that could be tested in humans "within 90 days."
G77r kvn h66 l`t kvn w`l g1x ju1th m5 luotrs k` d22 h]n kv naath “rvy n5n5 t5 90.”
On 5 March 2020, Washington University in St. Louis announced its projects to develop a vaccine.
Kv c`xk` 5 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu Yun5b7rth5t5 Wuscixtsn k` Thvn Luuth p5rsjvkdv m5 dee w`l g1x ju1th t`th lat.
On 5 March 2020, the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, both in western Maryland, announced they were working on a vaccine.
Kv c`xk` 5 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu mukt`p g7r` x`c` du2l w1l d2cn5 k` Yunaytit Y5thtet kvnv Mat5riaal Ksmaan k` Fort Detrick kvv mukt`p g7r` x`c` d2cn5 Wsltvr R55d, kvn d1x rvw te kvn k` Wvthvrvn Mer5lvvn, kv lat5 l`tkvn jss w1l g1x ju1th.
Around 10 March 2020, Emergent Biosolutions announced that it had teamed with Novavax Inc.
Kv gu11th m5 cetkv 10 k` pay di]k 2020, cuu Bay6thuluucin kv p0th jv lat5 cvrs mat kvv Novavax Inc.
in the development and manufacture of a vaccine.
Kv t1th kvnv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th.
The partners further announced plans for preclinical testing and a Phase I clinical trial by July 2020.
Cuu j5 l1t k00livn v nysk lv m5 latkvn jv 5 c5 kvn h]n in /ken5 cop duel w`l kvnv Pek I in h]1nkv duel w1l car5 b5 kvn jv l1t kv pay b1rsw 2020.
On 12 March 2020, India's Health Ministry announced they are working with 11 isolates, and that even on a fast track it would take at least around one-and-a-half to two years to develop a vaccine.
Kv c`xk` 12 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu mukt`p pusl` pu11ny k` Indiaa jv lat5 l`t kvn kv 11 t5 caa ku2x g7l`, k` c`xn5ms l`t kvn kv p0ths derv kv nax ru]]n kvl kvv nuth vwe k` run rvw v lt1th w1l g1x ju1th.
On 12 March 2020, Medicago, a biotechnology company in Quebec City, Quebec, reported development of a coronavirus-like particle under partial funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
Kv c`xk` 12 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu M2d5kag6, ksmpan5 bay6t0kn6l6j5 rvy wec Kuvbvk, Kuvbvk, t1th thu0y-thu00yn5 t5 c``t kv ksrsna b1yr]th lat m5 k1m kvkv th11x y577n5kv v mukt`p g7r` x`c` pusl` pu11ny Kvnvdv.
The vaccine candidate is in laboratory research, with human testing planned for July or August 2020.
Te nvy tin caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th k` g6r x`c` min l1tkv k` lab, k` c5 kvnv car5 baa h]n kv raan kv pay b1rsw kiv pay b1d`k 2020.
Earlier that week, The Guardian reported that the US President Donald Trump had offered CureVac "'large sums of money' for exclusive access to a Covid-19 vaccine", against which the German government protested.
Kv jvn tuk juok` nsms, cuu G``x ku1r v lat5 c5 ku``r US n5 Dsnal T5r1m CureVac moc kv “yi7w t5 xuan kv h66 d22 w`l g1x COVID-19 jek” m5 cuaa l7k vkuumv J5arman.
On 17 March 2020, American pharmaceutical company Pfizer announced a partnership with German company BioNTech to jointly develop a mRNA-based vaccine.
Kv c`xk` 17 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu ksmpvn5 t1th wal k` Amvr5ka n5 Pfizer jv lat 5 t22 kvv nyuaak kvv ksmpvn5 BioNTech J5vrman kv t1th w1l g1x ju1th m5 l1tkv kvv mRNA.
mRNA-based vaccine candidate BNT162, currently in pre-clinical testing with clinical trials expected to begin in April 2020.
Vn w`l g1x ju1th m5 l1tkv kvv mRNA k` caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th n5 BNT162, vn t`mv t22 k` h]n in /ken5 cop duel w1l k` guvcjv 5 baa h]ndv tok duel w1l kv pay xuaan 2020.
In Italy on 17 March 2020, Takis Biotech, an Italian biotech company announced they will have pre-clinical testing results in April 2020 and their final vaccine candidate could begin human testing by fall.
K` %talia kv 17 pay d5]k 2020, cuu, T1kith Bay6t0k, ksmpvn5 bay6t0k j5 %talia jv lat5 b5 kvv jek k` min caa h]n v /ken5 cop duel w1l jek kv pay xuaan 2020 k` dee nvy tin jsak tin caa kuany kv l`tn5 w1l g1x ju1th h]ndv tuok kv raan kv guut ruun`.
In France on 19 March 2020, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced a US$4.9 million investment in a COVID-19 vaccine research consortium involving the Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), and the University of Pittsburgh, bringing CEPI's total investment in COVID-19 vaccine development to US$29 million.
K` P5rvvny kv 19 pay d5]k 2020, cuu mukt`p mat` rial5k` kv ku5c ju1th m5 dee hsw th5`x (CEPI) jv lat5 cv y57w t55 bathdssr5 t5 US$4.9 l1th k` g6r w1l g1x COVID-19 m5 caa matv In5tht5t577t P1thtvr, Thvm5th Bay6thaany (Vienna, Austria), am`n5 Yun5b7rth5t5 Pittsburgh, m5 n77x pek in c5 CEPI jv l1th k` t1th w1l g1x COVID-19 k` bathdssr5 t5 US$29.
CEPI's other investment partners for COVID-19 vaccine development are Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, the University of Hong Kong, the University of Oxford, and the University of Queensland.
Nvy tin k]x tin caa r7 mat kvv CEPI kv l`thn5 y577n5 k` t1th w1l g1x COVID-19 kv Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, Yun5b7rth5t5 H]xksx,Yun5b7rth5t5 Skpust am`n5 Yun5b7rth5t5 Kuiinl00n.
On 20 March 2020, Russian health officials announced that scientists have begun animal testing of six different vaccine candidates.
Kv c`xk` 20 k` pay d5]k 2020, cuu l11t pusl` pu11ny j5 R1cia jv lat5 c5 tanyt5thn5 jv tok kv m5 h]1nkv wal g1x ju1th tin caa kuany d1x b1kvl t5 g66l k` ley.
Imperial College London researchers announced on 20 March 2020 that they are developing a self-amplifying RNA vaccine for COVID-19.
C5 g66r x`c` k` Imperiaal kslic k` Lsndsn jv lat kv c`xk` 20 k` pay d5]k 2020 5 t``th kvn RNA g1x COVID-19 m5 la rsdv vluoc k` rsa.