atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
In response there were intensive efforts to provide alternative services through digital platforms.Another recent and rapidly accelerating fallout of the disease is the cancellation of religious services, major events in sports, and other social events, such as music festivals and concerts, technology conferences, and fashion shows.
Kv ku5c vms cuv te kv f]]n m5 d55t 5 ba du]]p d]divn g7r kv ciaax l1t d5j5tal. Du]]r kvl m5 pay tussk k` n77x p00n in d55t kv juey v p`l civxn5 l`tn5 pal`, cet kv k2t din kvn ksnth``tn5, ben du]]l5 t0knslsj5k` kvn nyothn5 p11cin5.
The film industry has also experienced disruption.The Vatican announced that Holy Week observances in Rome, which occur during the last week of the Christian penitential season of Lent, have been cancelled.
Cu yinduthtvr5 p5l5m` p00n b`. Cu batikan jv lar 5 guec jok` min rvl rs k` Rome, min la tussk kv juks in jsak k` penitencial kurvcin5 min ms dux Lent, ca jv p`l.
Many dioceses have recommended older Christians to stay at home rather than attending Mass on Sundays; some churches have made church services available via radio, online live streaming or television while others are offering drive-in worship.
Disthithn5 t5 xuan cua jv lat vn f66 kurvcin5 b5 kv nyuur ci22xn5kivn v thil f66 b5 naath ben mat gu11th kvl kv c`x kusth; th11x lu22kn5 kusth cua th11x l`tn5 luaak kusth jak` ba lix kv radivw, snlany kvn t5lvb55cin k` cu th11xkivn xot th6p kv pal.
With the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rome closing its churches and chapels and St. Peter's Square emptied of Christian pilgrims, other religious bodies also cancelled services and limited public gatherings in churches, mosques, synagogues, temples and gurdwaras.
Cu distht5thn5 Roman k0thtilik lu22kv diaal g1k k` cu chapel kvn St. Peter daydv ten5 baax v thil raan k` j5 pilgirim k` kurvcin5, cu du2l kusth k]kivn l`tkivn p`l k` cua dusl nath kv rs xok luaak kusth, msthkue, thinvgsg kv du2l pal` gurdwarath.
Iran's Health Ministry announced the cancellation of Friday prayers in areas affected by the outbreak and shrines were later closed, while Saudi Arabia banned the entry of foreign pilgrims as well as its residents to holy sites in Mecca and Medina.
Cu min5thvr Iran kv ciaax pusl` pu11ny jv lar 5 ba pal c1xk` dhieec p`l rvi w55n5 tin cvkith kv juey k` cua cirin5 g`k kv ksrv, k` cu Thsdia Arab ben gu``l5 xok kvvl kvn j5 wec vn f66 thil ran gu5l Meka kvn Medina.
The pandemic has caused the most significant disruption to the worldwide sporting calendar since the Second World War.
Vn thi`y ju1th rvi fsaa cv p00n m5 d55t n77x k` x`11r5 Ithpust w55 mu]]n kvvliw 2 c5 tussk n5 kv k7r wec mu]]n in rvwdv.
Most major sporting events have been either cancelled or postponed, including the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, 2019–20 Premier League, UEFA Euro 2020, 2019–20 NBA season, and 2019–20 NHL season.
Nyin x11r5 ithpust t5 xuan tin la tussk cua kv p`l kiv cua kv tiec nhiam, am`n5 2019-20 UEFA campi66n l5k, 2019-20 p5r5mivvr l5k UEFA Euro 2020, 2019-20 NBAnu]th ruun` kv 2019-20 NHL nu]th ruun`.
The outbreak disrupted plans for the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were originally scheduled to start at the end of July; the International Olympic Committee announced on 24 March that the event will be "rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not later than summer 2021".Casinos and other gaming venues worldwide have closed and live poker tournaments have been either postponed or cancelled.
Vn thi`y luex` ju1th rvi fsaa cuv tee ca l1t diaal 5 dee tussk kv t]t 2020 kv ku5c 7l7mpik jak` pvn, m22 ca ksx jak` dee tussk kv guut paay b1rsw; k` cu ksmvt55 wec mu]]n kv ku5c 7l7mpik jv ben lar kv 24 pay di]k vn f66 bv lv we tussk kv kv ku5c 2020 duxdv f66 /cv t]t b5 b`l kv 2021. Kath5noth kvn gu1th g22mn5 diaal w55 mu]]n cua kv g1k k` cu tsrnvmvntn5 tin la gu]]r kv te g`k` kiv cua kv tiec jsk.
This has led many gamblers to move online, with many online gambling sites reporting significant increases in their rates of new sign-ups.The entertainment industry has also been affected, with various music groups suspending or cancelling concert tours.
Vns cuv naath nax k` f66 kvn x11r yi77un5 cu kv jv g0r kv snlany lar kv jv 5 ca r2p kv th7p yi7un5 kv g]r piny tiec nhial. Vn yinduthtvr5 x11r5 kv ku5c tvth` lsaac b` cuv jv d`k vn juey, cuv p1n15 t5 xuan tin dee ksnth``t5 csl jak` p`k n5 baax.
Many large theatres such as those on Broadway also suspended all performances.
Cu thiatvr5 t5 xuan cet kv ms te Brodways l`t kv t5 xuan p1l we.
Some artists have explored ways to continue to produce and share work over the internet as an alternative to traditional live performance, such as live streaming concerts or creating web-based "festivals" for artists to perform, distribute, and publicize their work.
Cu th11x tu22r5 du]]p in dee xot kv kv kv l1t tuaar5 kvn nyuaakdivn k` intvrnvt g7r v la du]]p in d]x k` ciaax in wen in la kvnv a l`t nhiam nath diaal,cet kv itht55ming ksnth``t, kiv c1k wvb kv ku5c b11l5 k` p1n1n5 kv f66 b5 kv tuar, kv tuaar5 d11k k` b5 l`tkivn naath cop.
Online, numerous coronavirus-themed Internet memes have spread as many turn to humour and distraction amid uncertainty.
Snlany, cu ruaacn5 t5 xuan j1l k` intvrnvt kv ku5c ksrsnabayr`th k` m22 c5 naath wu]thkivn lusc k` ruac lusm kv thil x`th`.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been noted toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent, and against people from hotspots in Europe, the United States and other countries.
N5 kv tuk thi`x` COVID-19 kv fsw, cu k11cn5 lat j]]r` tussk, dual kv thi22k kv d6r tin k]x, kv ny5r kam d6r5 cuv d5t kv ku5c j5 china kvn cuec Acia, kv naath tin b` k` rvi gu1thn5 tin cv thi`x k` Yursp, kv Yunaytet Yitht22t kv w55 k]kivn.
Incidents of fear, suspicion, and hostility have been observed in many countries, particularly in Europe, East Asia, North America, and the Asia-Pacific region.
Civx t5 nyooth dual, diw kv ciaax ji``k cua kv nvn rvi w55n5, cet kv Yursp, cuec Acia, Noth Amvrkvn, kv r5jin Acia n5 Pathipik.
Reports from February (when the majority of the cases had still been confined to China) have documented racist sentiments expressed in various groups worldwide of Chinese people deserving the virus or receiving what has been claimed as justified retribution.
L``r5 kv pay rvw (m22 xot pek in cv moc juey kv xuan k` China) nyooth kvn cvix ny5r5 kam` d6r5 t5 lat bun t5 g66l kv w55 mu]]n kvvliw kv ku5c j5 china 5 bayr`th vmv v duxdivn kvn g66ny k` f66 v tusskv k` kv.
Some countries in Africa have also seen a rise in anti-Chinese sentiment.
Th11x w55n5 k` Apirka cua kv nvn b` ca china nyir.
Many residents of Wuhan and Hubei have reported discrimination based on their regional origin.
Naath t5 xuan t5 ciex k` Wuhan kvn Hubei cua kv civx v ji`k kv ku5c gu1th in tussk kvn th5n.
There has been support for the Chinese, both on and offline, and towards those in virus-stricken areas.
Cuv te kv lu`k kv ku5c j5 china snlany kvn raar laany`, kvn m5 we k` naath tin cv tiam kv bayr`th.
Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy, the first country in Europe to experience a serious outbreak of COVID-19, could also be subjected to suspicion and xenophobia.Citizens in countries including Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Korea initially signed petitions lobbying to ban Chinese people from entering their countries in an effort to stop the disease.
Kv ksr rep`dv kv rs m22 cv ku thi11x rvi fsaa, naath t5 j5 Tiliaan, wec Yursp in nhiam 2 ksx xuuc kv thi1x ju1th COVID-19 kv fsw, cua kv la divw kv b` k` nyivr kv kv. J5 w55n5 Malecia, N5wdh5land, Thixgap77r kv Thsth Korea kv nhiam cua pvt55cin thaany kv f66 ba j5 china p2n ben w55bn5kivn kv c1p k` f66 ba juey jak` cux.
In Japan, the hashtag #ChineseDontComeToJapan trended on Twitter.
K` japan, vn ri`t k` f66 j5 china /cuarv b2 k` Japan cuv jssc k` intvrnvt.
Chinese people as well as other Asians in the United Kingdom and the United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse, as well as assaults.
J5 china kvn j5 Acia tin k]x rvi Yunaytet Kixdsm cua jv lar 5 cv te kv ciaax ji``k m5 d55t, kvvl kv ku22th.
U.S. president Donald Trump has faced criticism for referring to the coronavirus as the "Chinese Virus", a term considered by critics to be racist and anti-Chinese.
Ku``r U.S. in d55t n5 Donald Trump cv b0l jek kv f66 cv jv lar 5 ksrsnabayr`th v bayr`th china, v ri`t m5 cua guic v naath tin la gaak naath vn f66 v ny5r kvn l7k china.
Protesters in Ukraine attacked buses carrying Ukrainian and foreign evacuees from Wuhan to Novi Sanzhary.
Naath t5 du]]r l7k k` Ukrain cu kv b1thn5 m11k k` t5 kap j5 Ukrain kvn d6r k]kivn t5 be k` Wuhan ku kv lv we k` Nob5 Thaxdhar5.
Students who come from Northeast India, which shares a border with China, and study in major Indian cities have reportedly experienced harassment related to the coronavirus outbreak.
Dhssl du22lg]r` t5 be k` Nsthyith India, min tee key kv china k` g]r k` rvi r0kn5 India t5 xuan cua kv lar 5 c5 kv cuuc kv ciaax ji``k kv ku5c thi`x` ksrsnabayr`th kv fsw.
The Bharatiya Janata Party's State unit president in West Bengal Dilip Ghosh stated that the Chinese had destroyed nature and "that's why the God took revenge against them."
Ku``r yunit p11rt5 Bharatya Janata k` wvth Bengal Dilip Goc cuv jv lar 5 j5 china ca c1k kusth fsw y1r k` v jvn ku koth cut lv k1m kv jv ms k` kv.
The remarks were later condemned by the Chinese consulate in Kolkata, calling it "erroneous".In China, xenophobia and racism agains non-Chinese residents has been inflamed by the pandemic, with foreigners described as "foreign garbage" and targeted for "disposal".
Kvn ri``t t]t] cua kv kuvth kv ksrv v ksmthul22t china, laarv jv 5 v duer. Rvi china, cu nyirivn kv naath tin k]x d5t b` kvn dual kv ku5c nath tin /c5 t] a j5 china kv ku5c ju1th, cu kvn d6r ti n k]x csl5 d6r t5 ji`k k` lot kvn rs y`k.
Many newspapers with paywalls have removed them for some or all of their coronavirus coverage.
Wargakn5 l``r5 t xuan kv pvywal5 cua kv woc kv f66 th11xkivn kiv kvn diaal c5 kv thi11x kv ksrsnabayr`th.
Many scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with open access.
Cu taanyt5thn5 t5 xuan wargakn5 k1m raar kv t5 nyin taanytiith` t5 nyooth ciaax in tussk kv ksrsnabayr`th.
Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on preprint servers such as bioRxiv.
Th11x taanytithn5 cu kvn kuany n5 f66 ba min jek nyuak kvvl kv naath kv p0th v xot /ken kv ben raar kv dup t5 cet kv bioXRxi.
Emerging infectious disease – Infectious disease of emerging pathogen, often novel in its outbreak range or transmission mode
Luex ju1th in pay tussk – Pathsj5n ju1th in ji``k in pay tussk, jvn ciax la rvlv rs kv thi1xdv kv fsw kvn thi1k d6pdv kv naath
Globalization and disease – Overview of globalization and disease transmission
Mat wec mu]]n v kvl kvn- guec wec mu]]n v la kvl kvn d6p ju1th
List of epidemics and pandemics – A list of death tolls due to infectious disease
Ku00n ju1th kvn thi1xdv kv fsw – ku00n lieth kv ku5c luex` ju1th
Wildlife smuggling and zoonoses – Health risks associated with the trade in exotic wildlife
N`k leyn5 dsaar kvn dhoonoth – rivk pusl` pu11ny in matv kv g1th leyn5 dsaar
Laboratory testing for the respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated SARS-CoV-2 virus includes methods that detect the presence of virus and those that detect antibodies produced in response to infection.
Th2m lab kv juey ksrsnabayr`th 2019 l55k` (COVID-19) kvn SARS-CoV-2 bayr`th in c``t kv jv mat jv kv du]]p in d22 jek t11 bayr`th` th5n kvn naath tin jek antibod5n5 tin tussk kv ku5c k66r luex`.
The presence of viruses in samples is confirmed by RT-PCR, which detects the coronavirus' RNA.
Vn t11 bayr`th` th5n kv pek in ca k1n 5 waa thvm ca jv x`th v RT-PCR, in la jek RNA ksrsnabayr`th.
This test is specific and is designed to only detect the RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Vn th2m vmv v du]]p kvl k` ca jv l1t kv f66 bv RNA SARS-CoV-2 bayr`th k`rsa jek.
It is used to confirm very recent or active infections.
vj nl`tv kv f66 bv jekn5 luex bayr`th m5 pay tussk kiv luex t2k k`rsa.
Detection of antibodies (serology) can be used both for diagnosis and population surveillance.
Jek antibod5n5 (thvslsj5) la jv a nax kv kv th2m kvn guec nath.
Antibody tests show how many people have had the disease, including those whose symptoms were too minor to report or who were asymptomatic.
Th2m ant5bod5n5 nyoothv du]]p in jek naath t5 xuan jv juey, kvvl kv naath tin kuiy nyuuthn5 k` kv kvn naath tin thil nyuuthn5 v c`x v kvl.
An accurate mortality rate of the disease and the level of herd immunity in the population can be determined from the results of this test.
Pek lieth in c5 juey v n77x kv thu]kdv kvn pek bum` bun` rvi nath la jek jv kv th2m vmv.
Due to limited testing, as of March 2020 no countries had reliable data on the prevalence of the virus in their population.
Kv f66 vn th2m dakv, v tookv kv pay di]k 2020 thil wec m5 te kv l``r m5 com kv pek in te juey bayr`th vmv th5n k` nvvkv.
By 23 March, no country had tested more than 3% of their population, and there are massive variations in how much testing has been done across countries.
Kv 23 pay di]k, thilv wec m5 cu jssc 5 cv pek m5 b``l 3% thvm rvi nvvn5 kv k` cuv te kv d``k k` f66 v pek m5 n5nd5 ca thvms k` naath rvi wec w55n5.
This variability is also likely to be significantly affecting reported case fatality rates, which are likely to be significantly over-estimated in some countries.
Vn gu1c k` pek in ca thvm n77xv f66 bv te kv ji``k l``r5 kv l`r kv pek in c5 l5w, tin d]x derv nyssc vn l`r kv pek in thu]k in l5w rvi w55n5.
Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) the test can be done on respiratory samples obtained by various methods, including nasopharyngeal swab or sputum sample.
M5 c5 naath we th2m kv g2r thaakn5 kv tu1n5thk5r5cin psl5mvr`th cin riakcin (rRT- PCR) d22 th2m cu l1t kv tin k1n kv k` l511k kv dup t5 g66l, kvvl kv nathaparinjial yithwab kiv thuny.
Results are generally available within a few hours to 2 days.
Th2m la min ca jek th5n v be raar kv rvi thaakn5 t5 tst kiv n5n 2.
The RT-PCR test performed with throat swabs is only reliable in the first week of the disease.
Vn th2m RT-PCR min l1t kv yithwab l55k` la t22 th5n kv jusk in nhiam kv gu11th pay juey k1p kv jv.
Later on the virus can disappear in the throat while it continues to multiply in the lungs.
Kv ksrv la bayr`th v bath k` li11k k` w22 kv m5 daapv rs rvi pu]]th.
For infected people tested in the second week, alternatively sample material can then be taken from the deep airways by suction catheter or coughing up material (sputum) can be used.
K` naath tin cv k`p k` waa thvm kv jusk in rvwdv, la min ba thvm v waa jek n5 kv du]]p d]divn n5 gu11th jsam kv th`kcin kathvtvr kiv kv kivl (k`k) kv c1p d]divn min lvn l1t n5 jv.
One of the early PCR tests was developed at Charité in Berlin in January 2020 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), and formed the basis of 250,000 kits for distribution by the World Health Organization (WHO).
C1p th2m kvl kv jvn g2r gu1th in thu]]k tusskv k` Carite k` Berlin kv pay kvl 2020 kv g2r thaak` psvmvr`th tu1n5thk5r5pcin cin riakcin (rRT-PCR), k` cuv kuak t5 250,000 d11k v mukt`p pusl` pu11ny w55 mu]]n (WHO).
The United Kingdom had also developed a test by 23 January 2020.The South Korean company Kogenebiotech developed a clinical grade, PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection kit (PowerChek Coronavirus) on 28 January 2020.
Yunaytet Kixdsm b` cuv c1p th2m l1t kv 23 pay kvl 2020. Cu ksmpan5 Thsth Korea m5 csal5 Kogenebiot0k du]]r l1t n5 kiliniksl g5r22d, PCR kv jek SARS-CoV-2 (Lu1x guec ksrsnabayr`th) kv 28 pay kvl 2020.
It looks for the "E" gene shared by all beta coronaviruses, and the RdRp gene specific to SARS-CoV-2.In China, BGI Group was one of the first companies to receive emergency use approval from China's National Medical Products Administration for a PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection kit.In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is distributing its 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel to public health labs through the International Reagent Resource.
Jvn la guicv ‘E’ j5n min nyuaak ci22xman beta ksrsnabayr`th diaalv kvn RdRp j6n la dux SARS-CoV-2 k`rsa. K` china, cu bu]n BGI a jvn bu]n in nhiam in k` ksmpanvn5 m22 ca jak` l`t kv ku5c kuakn5 tin ru]p-ru]]p tin nyin PCR kv SARS-CoV-2 v kuumv china tin n0n kv juey. k` Yunaytet Y5tht22t mukt`p g1x ju1th kvn k`p cu]x ju1th (CDC) d``kv kuak th2m kv thaakn5 tin thu]]k kv 2019 ksrsnabayr`th in rvl rs (2019-nCoV) RT-PCR kv pvnal th2m kv ciaax pusl` pu11ny k` lab kv r5ajvn wec mu]]n kvvliw k` kuak.
One of three genetic tests in older versions of the test kits caused inconclusive results due to faulty reagents, and a bottleneck of testing at the CDC in Atlanta; this resulted in an average of fewer than 100 samples a day being successfully processed throughout the whole of February 2020.
Kvl k` th22mn5 jvnvtik rvi kuak t22 nhiam t22 wal cv ben kv t11 m5 /c5 ms a jvn gu11thdv kv ji``k r5ajvn`, kvn dak th2m k` CDC k` Atlanta; vns jvn cuv jv jak` f66 ba th0m kv n5 pek m5 /c5 100 cop kv c`x t5 but naath th5n kv rvi paay rvw ciax kv ru]]n 2020.
Tests using two components were not determined to be reliable until 28 February 2020, and it was not until then that state and local laboratories were permitted to begin testing.
Th2m kv ksmpsnvn5 rve /k1nv ksx guic 5 v kvvl m5 gsaa am`n5 28 pay rvw 2020, am`n5 c`x vms /ken wec labn5 jak` f66 b5 kv th2m tok.
The test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration under an Emergency Use Authorization.US commercial labs began testing in early March 2020.
Cua th2m ku ben nhsk v mukt`p kuan kvn wal kv piny lu`x` kv ciaax in rup-rup. Cu lab g1th k` US th2m tok kv tuk pay di]k 2020.
As of 5 March 2020 LabCorp announced nationwide availability of COVID-19 testing based on RT-PCR.
Kv 5 pay di]k 2020 cu labksrp5 jv lar rvi wec kvvliw vn f66 c5 th2m COVID-19 ku te th5n t`mv kv RT-PCR.
Quest Diagnostics similarly made nationwide COVID-19 testing available as of 9 March 2020.
Thieckv th2m COVID-19 cuv ku jssc rvi wec kvvliw kv gu11th m5 cet kv 9 pay di]k 2020.
No quantity limitations were announced; specimen collection and processing must be performed according to CDC requirements.
Cuv thil f66 t22 kv pek m5 ba thvm kv c`x m5 cua lar; nyin th2m tin la k1n kv k` ca l1t tok la kv l1t kv cet kv min g6r kv v CDC.
In Russia, the COVID-19 test was developed and produced by the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR.
K` R1cia; vn th2m COVID-19 cua jv l1t k` tusskv k` g6r x`c` thvntvr th0ktsr bayrslsj5 kvn biot0knslslj5.
On 11 February 2020 the test was registered by the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare.On 12 March 2020, Mayo Clinic was reported to have developed a test to detect COVID-19 infection.On 13 March 2020, Roche Diagnostics received FDA approval for a test which could be performed within 3.5 hours in high volume, thus allowing one machine to do approximately 4,128 tests in a 24-hour period.
Kv 11 pay rvw 2020 cuv vn th2m vmv gs11r piny v mukt`p gu11th l1t P2dvrsl thvrbeilvnth5 kv ku5c pusl` pu11ny. Kv 12 pay d5]k 2020, Mvy6 K5l5nik v lar5 cv theem m5 xic COVID-19 jek. Kv 13 pay di]k 2020, gu11th th2m Roche cuv x`th jek k` FDA kv ku5c th2m m5 d22 thuk rvi thaakn5 t5 3.5 kv pek in d55t, m5 jak maciin kvl k` thvm naath t5 p``r kv 4,128 rvi thaakn5 t5 24.
On 19 March 2020, the FDA issued emergency use authorization (EUA) to Abbott Laboratories for a test on Abbott's m2000 system; the FDA had previously issued similar authorization to Hologic, LabCorp, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Kv 19 pay di]k 2020, cu SDA lu1x l1t v rup-rup th6p (EUA) k`mv jv Abot labsrsat6r5n5 kv ku5c th2m k` Abot m2000 kv c1p; vn FDA kv nhiam n5 wal cuv lu1x m5 cet kv vns ksx k1m Holojik, Labksrp5, kvvl kv Thermo Thaanyt5pik Pichvr.
On 21 March 2020, Cepheid similarly received EUA from the FDA for a test that takes about 45 minutes.
kv 21 pay di]k 2020, cu Cepheid m5 cet kv vns m5 la EUA ksx jek k` FDA kv ku5c th2m m5 la nax minitn5 t5 45.
The FDA has approved a test that uses isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology instead of PCR.
Vn FDA cuv th2m vms nhsk 5 ba jv l1t min la nax aithsthvrmal nukilei athid ampslik2cin t0knslsj5 v /c5 mv a PCR.
Since this does not require a series of alternating temperature cycles this method can deliver positive results in as little as five minutes and negative results in 13 minutes.
Kv f66 vns jvn /cv dup k]kivn t5 xuan lvn g6r kv r5tn5 jsam kv f66 jvn th2m vmv la pusthvtibdv a tussk kv gu11th m5 tst m5 cet kv minitn5 dhieec k` b5 nvgvtibdv ben kv minitn5 13.
There are currently about 18,000 of these machines in the U.S. and Abbott expects to ramp up manufacturing to deliver 50,000 tests per day.A test which uses a monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the novel coronavirus is being developed in Taiwan, with the hope that it can provide results in 15 to 20 minutes just like a rapid influenza test.
Vn t`mv t22 kv maciin5 t5 18,000 t5 ca l1t k` jvn U.S. k` Abot guicv jv 5 ba kv rep kv t1th v ba pek m5 50,000 v th0m kv kv c`x kvvl. Th2m in we kv msnskslsnsl antibod5 min la mat rs kvn n7skiliskapthid pretein (N preotein) ksrsnabayr`th in rvl rs min l1t kv k` Taiwan, kv guec k` f66 bv min ca thvm v be raar kv minitn5 15 v we k` 20 cet th2m yinpiluvndha in la p0th.
A March 2020 literature review concluded that "chest radiographs are of little diagnostic value in early stages, whereas CT [computed tomography] findings may be present even before symptom onset."
Wargakn5 pay di]k 2020 ca jv lar 5 radisg5r``p kath te kvn kv gu11th m5 tst kv th2m kv gu11th in nhiam, k` te min jek CT jv (tomsg5r11p5 in ca ksmput) la b22 raar kv v xot /ken nyuuthn5 n5 tussk.
Typical features on CT include bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacificities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution.
Civx CT tin thu]]k kv kvn baylatvrsl m1lt5labor kv n22n in te piny spathipith5t5n5 kv g22k, kv d``k ath5m5t5r5k psthtvrivvr.
Subpleural dominance, crazy paving and consolidation develop as the disease evolves.
Thi11x th1bp5leursl, k5r2th5 pvvbix kv mat k00l la tussk kvn min we juey kv d5t.
A study comparing PCR to CT in Wuhan at the point of origin of the current pandemic has suggested that CT is significantly more sensitive than PCR, though less specific, with many of its imaging features overlapping with other pneumonias and disease processes.
G6r x`c` m5 p``r PCR kvn CT k` Wuhan rvi gu1th 2 tussk juey th5n kv thi1xdv kv fsw cv jv nyoth 5 CT gsaa n5 jvn vl]x k` PCR, ca`x min /cv lar n5 kvl kv f66 thurvn5 kv t5 xuaan la c``t kv kv t11 pneumonian5 kvn ju1th k]kivn.
As of March 2020, the American College of Radiology recommends that "CT should not be used to screen for or as a first-line test to diagnose COVID-19".As of March 2020, the CDC recommends PCR for initial screening.
Kv gu11th m5 cet kv pay di]k 2020, Raislsj5 Kslij Amvrkvn cuv jv lar 5 CT /c5 naath b5 l`t kv jv kv th2m kiv v la k22r in nhiam kv th2m COVID-19. Kv gu11th m5 cet kv pay di]k 2020, vn CDC cuv jv lat b5 gsaa n5 PCR kv nhiam.
Part of the immune response to infection is the production of antibodies including IgM and IgG.
Th11x kvc` bum` pu11ny kv luex v xuan ant5bod5n5 kvvl kv IgM.
These can be used to detect infection in individuals starting 7 days or so after the onset of symptoms, to determine immunity, and in population surveillance.Assays can be performed in central laboratories (CLT) or by point-of-care testing (PoCT).
Kvn d22 kv k1n v la t5 jekv luex ju1th k` th11x nath v tookv k` n5n 7 kiv kv ksr tuk` nyuuthn5, kv f66 ba pek bum` pu11ny x1c, kvn guec nath diaal. Ba Athvyn5 l1t kv lab in d55t (LCT) kiv gu11th th2m kvn yoop (PoCt).
The high-throughput automated systems in many clinical laboratories will be able to perform these assays but their availability will depend on the rate of production for each system.
Vn min d55t in ca sutsm22t k` labsrat6r5n5 diaa t5 xuan bv te kv lu1x kv f66 bv Athvyn5 titi l1t duxdv f66 bendivn bv rs nax kv pek t1th in t1th kv kv k` cvrka kvl.
For CLT a single specimen of peripheral blood is commonly used, although serial specimens can be used to follow the immune response.
Kv CLT th0l ithpicvmvn k` rivm kvl gek` v jvn la malv k1n kv ms, c`x min d22 ithpicvmvn5 t5 xuan k1n b` kv guur civvx` bum` pu11ny.
For PoCT a single specimen of blood is usually obtained by skin puncture.
Kv CLT th0l ithpicvmvn k` rivm kvl la jv malv k1n kv kv yi2th gup`.
Unlike PCR methods an extraction step is not needed before assay.On March 26, 2020, the FDA named 29 entities that provided notification to the agency as required and are now therefore able to distribute their antibody tests.
V c5 c``t kv du]]p PRC thil k11th g6r` t5 la tussk k` Athvy. kv pay di]k 26, 2020, FDA cuv xsaan5 t5 29 moc ci6t t5 nyooth l``r k` ajvnth5 cet kv min g6r kv k` t`mv kvn d11kv lu1xdivn kv ciaax th2m antibody.
As of April 7, 2020, only a single test has been approved by the FDA under an emergency use authorization.In late March 2020, Euroimmun Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Epitope Diagnostics received European approvals for their test kits, which can detect IgG and IgA antibodies against the virus in blood samples.
Kv gu11th m5 cet kv pay xuaan 17,2020, cua th2m kvl k`rsa cua x`ths v FDA kv piny lu`x` th2m in rup-rup. Kv guut paay di]]k 2020, Euroimmum m5d5k]l labsrat6r5 kvn gu11th th2m Epitope cua jv k1m lu1x v j5 Yursp kv gssy kuakn5 th2mdivn, tin la jek IgG kvn IgA antibody tin nyieny kv bayr`th rvi rivm in ca k1n.
The testing capacity is several hundred samples within hours and therefore much faster than the conventional PCR assay of viral RNA.
Vn lu1x th2m kv rim t5 xuan t5 ca k1n kv rvi thaakn5 t5 k` vns jvn p0th n5 jvn vl]x k` PCR athvy bayr`th` min wen.
The antibodies are usually detectable 14 days after the onset of the infection.In early April, the UK found none of the antibody test kits it purchased were sufficiently good to use.
Kvn anitbod5n5 la kv malv jekv kv n5n 14 kv ksr tuk` luex` ju1th. Kv tuk paay xuaan, cu UK j jek 5 thilv kuaak th2m antibod6 m5 ca ksk kv gu11thdv m5 d2ee l`t kv naath.
Hong Kong has set up a scheme where suspected patients can stay home, "emergency department will give a specimen tube to the patient", they spit into it, send it back and get a test result a while after.The British NHS has announced that it is piloting a scheme to test suspected cases at home, which removes the risk of a patient infecting others if they come to a hospital or having to disinfect an ambulance if one is used.In drive-through testing for COVID-19 for suspected cases, a healthcare professional takes sample using appropriate precautions.
Hong Kong cuv c1p l1th nhiam kv f66 ba naath tin ca diw 5 te kv juey jak` nyur ci22xn5, mukt`p rikn5 tin ru]p-ru]]p bv maathuur ithpicvmvn` th6p naath t]t], b5 kv rivdv xu]l ruvy, k` ba jv j`k` jsk k` ba j ben thvm k` ba min tussk k1m kv kv gu11th m5 tst. Cu NHS B7r7ntic cuv jv lar 5 jvn l`tv c1p th2m kv ku5c nath tin ca diw k` te ci22xn5, m5 b5 rik woc tin dee cop kv naath tin k]x m5 n66x kv kv du22lwal kv ambul1nth5 tin l`t kv kv. Kv rvi nax` nath tin ca diw gu11th th2m kv ku5c COVID-19 l``t pusl` pu11ny bv tiit k1n min k1nv tin waa thvm kv k1ndv ciaax tiit`.
Drive-through centers have helped South Korea do some of the fastest, most-extensive testing of any country.In Germany, the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians said on 2 March, that it had a capacity for about 12,000 tests per day in the ambulatory setting and 10.700 had been tested in the prior week.
Nax nath gu11th th2m cv J5 Thsth Korea lu`k kv f66 cv l1t jak` p0th kv th2m m5 d55t rvi w55n5 diaal. K` Jvtmvn cu athsth22cin wec ithtatutor5 kv ciaax pusl` pu11ny yincu22rvnth5 jv lar kv 2 pay di]k cv te kv lu1x kv th2m nath t5 12,000 kv c`x rvi ambul1nth5k` k` ca pek m5 10.700 thvm vn rvi jusk` m22 c5 thuuk.
Costs are borne by the health insurance when the test is ordered by a physician.
Yi7u tin nax th2m kv b5 kv we k` yincu2rvnth5 pusl` pu11ny m5 v th2m m5 laar k5mv.
According to the president of the Robert Koch Institute, Germany has an overall capacity for 160,000 tests per week.
Cet kv min ca lar v ku``r in d55t k` Robert Koch yin5tht5ti66t, Jvrmvn t22 kv pek lu`x` m5 d22 thvm naath t5 160,000 kv c`x kvl.
As of 19 March drive in tests were offered in several large cities.
Kv gu11th m5 cet kv 19 pay di]k nax gu1thn5 th2m cuv te th5n rvi r0kn5 t5 d5t t5 xuan.
As of 26 March 2020 the total number of tests performed in Germany was unknown, because only positive results are reported.
Kv gu11th m5 cet kv 26 pay di]k cu pek in ca thvm k` Jvrmvn v m5 /ca x`c kv f66 la lar kv n5 naath tin c5 ben v la pusthvtibn5 k`r].
A first lab survey revealed that as of calendar week 12/2020 a total of at least 483,295 samples were tested up to and including week 12/2020 and 33,491 samples (6.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.In Israel, researchers at Technion and Rambam Hospital developed and tested a method for testing samples from 64 patients simultaneously, by pooling the samples and only testing further if the combined sample is found to be positive.In Wuhan a makeshift 2000-sq-meter emergency detection laboratory named "Huo-Yan" (Chinese: 火眼, or "Fire Eye" in English) was opened on 5 February 2020 by BGI, which can process over 10,000 samples a day.
G6r x`c` k` lab 2 nhiam nyoothv jv 5 tussk kv jusk in 12/2020 kv pek m5 cet kv 483,295 t5 cua thvm v we k` jusk in 12/2020 kvn 33,491 t5 ca k1n (6.9%) tin kua lv we thvm k` ca jek kv pusthvtib kv SARS-CoV-2. K` Yithvruvl, g66r x`c k` Technion kvn du2lwal Raham cua c1p th2m l1t k1 cua jv thvm j5 ju1th t5 64 kvvl, kv matdivn kv tin waa thvm kvvl k` ba th2n we gu]]r m5 c5 r5dhsl k` tin ca mat ben raar v la pusthvtib k` Wuhan cua makechip 2000-s`-m5t5r5 m5mrup-rup l1t k` m5 csal5 ‘Ho-Yan’ (Chinese: 火眼, kiv ‘mac wax kv thok Lixvl5th) cuv jv lvp kv 5 pay rvw 2020 v BGI, m5 l`t kv rvi nath t5 10,000 tin th0m kv kv c`x.
With the construction overseen by BGI-founder Wang Jian and taking 5-days, modelling has show cases in Hubei would have been 47% higher and the corresponding cost of the tackling the quarantine would have doubled if this testing capacity hadn't come on line.
Kv ciaax l1t in ca ksx b1l kv guec v ram 2 jek BGI n5 Wang Jian k` la nax n5n 5, cu musdvlix jv ben nyoth pek nyoth k` Hubei m5 la 47% kv d55t kvvl kvn yi7u tin naxv tin kv ku5c nyuur` nath gu11th kvl derv rs loc m5 /ken lu1x th2m vmv la m5 l1k kv snlaany.
The Wuhan Laboratory has been promptly followed by Huo-Yan labs in Shenzhen, Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai, in a total of 12 cities across China.
Lab Hubei cua jv gu]]r v lab Huo-Yan k` Chvnchvn, Tianjin Beijix kvn Chaxgay, rvi r0kn5 d1x 12 k` china kvvliw.
By 4 March 2020 the daily throughput totals were 50,000 tests per day.Open source, multiplexed designs released by Origami Assays have been released that can test as many as 1122 patient samples for COVID19 using only 93 assays . These balanced designs can be run in small laboratories without the need for robotic liquid handlers.
Kv 4 pay di]k 2020 cu pek in la th0m kv ciax v 50,000 kv c`x kvl. Gu11th m5 f66x, m`lt5pvl0kthvd 2 be raar kv Sr5gam5 Athvy cv ben raar m5 dee pek m5 p``r kv j5 ju1th COVID-19 t5 1122 thvm kv 93 athvy. Kvn d5dhaanyn5 ti ca p11r t5 la l`t kv k` lab n5 t5 tsaatn5 k` thil kv g6r kv law-laaw tin yusp kv robvtik.
By March, shortages and insufficient amounts of reagent has become a bottleneck for mass testing in the EU and UK and the US.
Kv pay di]k, ku00 kvn dak k` pek r5ajvn` cuv d5t kv th2m nathy t5 xuan k` EU, kv UK kv US.
This has led some authors to explore sample preparation protocols that involve heating samples at 98 °C (208 °F) for 5 minutes to release RNA genomes for further testing.On 31 March it was announced United Arab Emirates was now testing more of its population for Coronavirus per head than any other country, and was on track to scale up the level of testing to reach the bulk of the population.
Nvmv cuv th11x gs11r5 jak` g6r kv rial5k` kv ku5c k` tin wa thvm ciaax psrstsk77l m5 nax rs kvvl kv th6l k` tin waa thvm kv 98 °C (208 °F) kv minitn5 5 kv f66 b5 NRA gensme ben raar kv ku5c th2m in d]x. kv 31 pay di]k cua jv lar 5 Yunaytet Arab Emitvt cuv nvkv t5 xuan jak` th0m kv kv kv ksrsnabayr`th kv v b``l w55 tin k]x, k` cuv te k` f66 bv pek in d22 dhil v th0m kv cop kv t11 in nax rs kv pek xuan` nath rvi wec.
This was through a combination of drive-through capability, and purchasing a population-scale mass-throughput laboratory from Group 42 and BGI (based on their "Huo-Yan" emergency detection laboratories in China).
Vn nvmv tusskv kvv mat buum` lu`x` kvnv oekmk7k` min derv nax kv th2m nvvn5 t5 xuan k` lab k` bu]n 42 kvnv BGI (kv t11 in te kvkv k` lab “Huo-Yan” min xic xsa kv p0th k` Cvyna.
Constructed in 14 days, the lab is capable of conducting tens of thousands RT-PCR tests per day and is the first in the world of this scale to be operational outside of China.
Vn lab vmv t1th kvjv kv n5n 14, k` t22 kv lu1x kv th2m RT-PCRn5 t55 bathdssr5 kv c`x, k` v jvn min nhiam w55 mu]]n m5 b5 pek m5 n5nv l1t raar Cvyna.
Different testing recipes targeting different parts of the coronavirus genetic profile were developed in China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States.
Caa dup theemn5 t5 g66l l1t t5 yivvthn5 j55n ksrsna b1yr]th` k` Cvyna, P5rvvny, H]xksx, Japaan, am`n5 Yunaytid Y5tht2t.
The World Health Organization adopted the German recipe for manufacturing kits sent to low-income countries without the resources to develop their own.
C5 mukt`p pusl` pu]]ny w55mu]]n dsp n5 kuak th2m tin caa t`th v J5vrman kv ku5c w55n5 tin thivl lu1x kv l`tn5 kuakn5 t]t] k`r7.
The German recipe was published on 17 January 2020; the protocol developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control was not available until 28 January, delaying available tests in the U.S.China and the United States had problems with the reliability of test kits early in the outbreak, and these countries and Australia were unable to supply enough kits to satisfy demand and recommendations for testing by health experts.
Dup th2m Jivrman k1m kvkv raar kv c`xk` 17 pay kvl 2020; /k`n psrst6k77l in caa l1t v Yunaytid Y5tht2t n5 ben raar v be n5 k` c`xk` 28 k` pay kvl, k` cu22 theemn5 tin te th5n gax sk k` U.S.Cvyna, k` cuu yunaytid t5thteet te kv r5vk x`th` kuakn5 th2m kv tuk kac` raar ju1th, k` kvn w55 titii am`n5 }tht5rsliaa /c5 kvn kuak th2m t5 r7x t5 dee min g6rkv kvnv min g6rkv v l11t du2l w1l lu`x kv n77n5.
In contrast, experts say South Korea's broad availability of testing helped reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus.
V gu1c kvnv nsms, c5 nvy tin x1c kv du]]r jv guic 5 th2m nath m5 d55t in caa l1t k` Thsth K6riaa cv d`kpiny nobvl ksrsna b1yr]th` yu]thpiny.
Testing capacity, largely in private sector labs, was built up over several years by the South Korean government.
L1t th2m k` labn5 j5 kivn caa jv l1t v kuumv Thsth K6r5aa v run t5 xuan.
On 16 March, the World Health Organization called for ramping up the testing programmes as the best way to slow the advance of COVID-19 pandemic.High demand for testing due to wide spread of the virus caused backlogs of hundreds of thousands of tests at private U.S. labs, and supplies of swabs and chemical reagents became strained.
Kv c`xk` 16 k` pay d5]k, cuu mukt`p pusl` pu11ny in diit w55mu]]m c56t kvh66 baa pusrg5r11mn5 th2m diaal mat kvvlv xu]k COVID-19 in c5 hsw th5`x kvh66 bv laa du]]p in gsaa n5 jvn. Vn g7r th2m v d55t vmv kv ku5c b1yr]th` min c5 d`kpiny cvv labn5 j5kivn t5 k5thn5 t5 kur p2n we l`t, k` cu2 n77xn5 k``k kvnv tin lsamkv k` k0m5k]l5 gax jsk.
In March 2020 China reported problems with accuracy in their test kits.
Kv pay d5]k 2020 cuu Cvyna v lat5 t22 kv rivk gssy` kuakn5 th2mdv.
In the United States, the test kits developed by the CDC had "flaws;" the government then removed the bureaucratic barriers that had prevented private testing.Spain purchased test kits from Chinese firm Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co Ltd, but found that results were inaccurate.
K` Yunaytid Y5tht2t kuak th2m t22 ca l1t v CDC te kvn kvv “ diw;” k` cuu kuumv ciaax luth` mukt`pn5 min pen th2m j5kivn th2m woc. Cuu Y5thpvvny kuak th2m ksk k` j5 k7k` Cvyna m5 casl5 Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co Ltd, duxdv h66 cuu jekdv benv h66 /caa kv dee x`th.
The firm explained that the incorrect results may be a result of a failure to collect samples or use the kits correctly.
Cuu j5 k7k` jv lat lssc nath vn h66 jekn5 ti /c511 thu]]k t] bekv k` h66, /k1n tin k1nkv tin waa thvm kvnv theemn5 l1th l`t kv gu11thdivn.
The Spanish ministry said it will withdraw the kits that returned incorrect results, and would replace them with a different testing kit provided by Shenzhen Bioeasy.80% of test kits the Czech Republic purchased from China gave wrong results.Slovakia purchased 1.2 million test kits from China which were found to be inaccurate.
Cuu m5n5th22r Y5thpvvny jv lar5 bv theemn5 tin c5 jekn5 t5 /c5 l`t kv gu11thdivn luscjsk, k` bv gu11thdivn dil kvv kuak th2m tin xu]nkv v Shenzhen Bioeasy. Kuak th2m t5 80% t5 caa ksk v C5vk R5p1plik k` Cvyna cuu kvv jek m5 j5``k n66x. Cuu Y5thl6bakia kuak th2m t5 bathdssr5 t55 1.2 ksk k` Cvyna, k` cuaa kv ben jek5 /c5 kv thu]k.
Prime Minister Matovič suggested these be dumped into the Danube.Ateş Kara of the Turkish Health Ministry said the test kits Turkey purchased from China had a "high error rate" and did not "put them into use."The UK purchased 3.5 million test kits from China but in early April 2020 announced these were not usable.
Cuu ku``r m5n5th22r in d55t n5 Matovič jv guic5 baa titi yusr k` Danube. Cuu m5n5th22r pusl` pu11ny Turk5 n5 Ateş Kara jv lar5, kuak theem` tin c5 Turk5 kv ksk k` Cvyna te kv kv “rivk m5 d55t” a /kenv kv “l1th l`t.” K` cuu UK kuak th2m t5 bathdssr5 t5 3.5 ksk k` Cvyna duxdv h66 kv tuk paay xuaan 2020 cuv jv lar5 /c5 kv l`t kvkv.
Testing, followed with quarantine of those who tested positive and tracing of those with whom the SARS-CoV-2 positive people had had contact, resulted in positive outcomes.
Th2m, m5 gu]]rkv kv nyuur raam5 caa jek juey gu11thkvl kvnv guur5 nvn5 tin c5 r6m kv ram min caa jek SARS-CoV-2 cv m5 gsaa n66x.
Researchers working in the Italian town of Vò, the site of the first COVID-19 death in Italy, conducted two rounds of testing on the entire population of about 3,400 people, about ten days apart.
Nvy tin g6r kv x`c tin l`t rvvk j5 Y5talia n5 Vò, gu11th in tussk l511 COVID-19 in nhiam th5n, c5 kv nvy diaal thvm t5 cop 3,400 kv gu`th rvw kv n5n w`l kv n5n w`l.
About half the people testing positive had no symptoms, and all discovered cases were quarantined.
K` cuu nuth nvn5 tin caa jek juey a nv t5 thivl nyuuthn5, v cuaa nvy d5aal tin caa ek jak` nyur gu11th kvl.
With travel to the commune restricted, this eliminated new infections completely.
Kv k`p j1l j5 wec cu]x, cuu luex m5 pay tussk cuu bath v yuum.
With aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore has proceeded much more slowly than in other developed countries, but without extreme restrictions like forced closure of restaurants and retail establishments.
Kv guur5 nvn5 tin c5 j2k kv gu1n ju1th v bum, k`p j1l k00l cu]x, th2m am`n5 nyuur5 nath gu11th kvl, cu ksrsna b1yr]th vn c5 hsw th5`x rs rep kv pek m5 tst k` Thixgapoor k` t11 w55n5 tin k]x tin c5 cop, duxdv h66 v thivl k`p cu]x du2l5 kuan kvnv gu`th g1th tin k]x kv bu]m.
Many events have been cancelled, and Singapore did start advising residents to stay at home on 28 March, but schools reopened on time after holiday break on 23 March.
Caa x11r5 t5 xuan k1p cu]x k` cu Thingapoor v tok kv m5 lueekv nvy tin ciex rvy wec kvh66 b5 kv te ciex kv c`xk` 28 pay d5]k, duxdv h66 cuaa du2l g]r` lvp kv gu11thdv kv ksr k` b``l` kv c`xk` 23 pay d5]k.
Several other countries have also managed the pandemic with aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, but with less aggressive lock-downs, such as Iceland and South Korea.
C5 w55 t5 xuan k]kivn juey in c5 hsw th5`x rial5k` kv guur5 nvn5 tin c5 j2k kv gu1n ju1th v bum, k`p j1l k00l cu]x, th2m am`n5 nyuur5 nath gu11th kvl, duxdv h66 kv gax nath c522xn5 mi5 /c5 bum v l7x cetkv ms te Athl00ns kvnvThsth K6r5aa.
A statistical study has found that countries that have tested more, relative to the number of deaths, have much lower case fatality rates, probably because these countries are better able to detect those with only mild or no symptoms.
C5 %thtat5thic g7r` x`c` jv jek5 w55 tin them v l7x kv t11 l5`th kuiy pek nvvn5 tin c5 l5w th5n,d]x dera h66 kvn w55 titi lu`x kvn xi`c nvvn5 t5 kuiy kiv thivl nyuuthn5.
WHO recommends that countries that do not have testing capacity and national laboratories with limited experience on COVID-19 send their first five positives and the first ten negative COVID-19 samples to one of the 16 WHO reference laboratories for confirmatory testing.
C5 mukt`p pusl` pu11ny in d55t w5mu]]n v lar5 b5 w55 tin thivl lu1x th2m kvnv tin te kvv labn5 t5 dak x`cdivn kvv COVID-19 tin caa j1k tin th0mkv k` caa juey jek rvydivn d1x dhieec tin nhiam kvnv tin caa j1k tin th0mkv k` /k1n COVID-19 jek rvydivn d1x w`l tin nhiam dhil j`k` w55 d1x 16 tin c5 mukt`p pusl` pu11ny in d55t w55mu]]n labn5kivn x`th kv th2m in dee jv nyoth kv thu]k.
Out of the 16 reference laboratories, 7 are in Asia, 5 in Europe, 2 in Africa, 1 in North America and 1 in Australia.
Raar k` labsrat6r5n5 d`x 16 tin nax kv naath th5n, 7 ka k` Acia, 5 ka k` Yursp, 2 k` Apirka 1 k` Nsth Amvrkvn kv 1 k` Sutralia.
In the following chart, the column “Positive as % of tests” is influenced by the country's testing policy.
K` tharb2t v te pinys, k` pusthvtib kslsm cet kv % k` th2m ca jv thi`x v puslvth5 wec kv ku5c th2m.
A country that only tests people admitted to hospitals will have a higher positive as % of tests than a country that tests all citizens, whether or not they are showing symptoms, other things being equal.
Wec m5 thvm n5 naath tin ca n77x du22lwal derv te kv pusthvtibn5 t5 xuan cet kv % th2m v b``l wec m5 thvm nvvnkv diaal, c`th thilv kv nyuutn5 kv te kv th5n, tink]x d22 kv p11r.
Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands for the purpose of removing soil, grease, microorganisms, or other unwanted substances.
L1k tetn5 (kiv l1ktetn5), min csal kv b` 5 puath tetn5, v l1t kv ciaax yoop` ran kv tetkv kv wu]c mu]]n, g5r55th, dvi]y ju1thn5 tin /ca guic, kiv ji`k tin k]x tin /ca g6r.
Hand washing with soap consistently at certain "critical moments" during the day prevents the spread of many diseases, for example diarrhoea and cholera, which are transmitted through fecal–oral route.
L1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny ciax kv gu11th in te rivk th5n kv c`x d``r gaxv thi1x ju1th kv hsw kv` ju1th t5 xuan, c``t c5th kvn kslsra, tin la dsap kv kv kam thusk kvn c`th.
People can also become infected with respiratory diseases such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth (i.e., mucous membranes).
Deed naath lu00x b` kv juey l55k` cet kv enpiluvndh kiv thony-thony, c``t, m5 /ken naath tetkivn lak v xot /ken kvn w`xkivn gu22r, wumkivn, kiv thukivn (v la kv gu1th tin h]]c).
The five critical moments during the day where washing hands with soap is important include: before and after defecation, after cleaning a child's bottom or changing nappies, before feeding a child, before eating and before and after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Gu1th di]k tin ji`k tin d5t kv c`c d``r kv gu11th in gsaa kv l1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny kvn tin: kv ksr k` m5 c5 raan we kaayn5 kiv v xot /ken5 n5 we kaayn5, kv ksr r`c` thar gat` kiv g2r gat` kv daypvr, v xot /ken5 gatn5 lu22th, v xot /ken5 n5 m5th v xot /ken5 ku`n thal kiv kv ksr th1t ku1nkiv k`p ri`x m5 /ken tuak, r`c kiv r5x manp0l00k.
If water and soap are not available, hands can be cleaned with ash.The World Health Organization recommends washing hands:
M5 thilv p5w kvn thaabuuny, d22 raan tetkv coth kv x0th. Mukt`p pusl` pu11ny wec mu]]n in d55t laarv jv dee raan tet kv lak:
Before, during, and after preparing food.
Kv nhiam, kv gu11th in thaalv ku`n kvn ksr th1t ku1n.
Before and after caring for a sick person.
V xot /ken5 ran te kv juey n5 lu`k kiv kv ksr thuk` rak kv yu]]p gu1n ju1th.
After changing the diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet.
Kv ksr geer`du kv daypvr gat` kiv m5 c5 gat m5 c5 we dssr ben lu`k.
After blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing.
Kv ksr thuny` wu]m, kivl kiv thiam.
After touching animal, animal feed, or animal waste.
Kv ksr k` m5 c5 ley gu22r, c5 ley moc mieth, kiv c5 ley r`c.
Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Ciaax yup` tetn5 kv ciaax du22lwal lotv n5 guur civx` yoop` min ca lar du22lwal.
Hand washing before administering medicine or medical care can prevent or minimize the spread of disease.
L1k tetn5 v xot /k1n wal th6p liv yoop civvx` du22lwal derv thi`y ju1th rvi fsaa jak` kuiy kiv derv juy jak` dak.
The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) and chemicals which can cause harm or diseases.
Min lot du2lwalv kv l1k tetn5 v f66 ba pathsj5n in c5 tet thi`x woc (bakt55rian5, bayr`thn5, kivdvy ju1thn5 tin k]c tin /ca guic kv wax tin d22 rivk ju1th n66x ) kvn kvm5k]l5 tin d22 juey n66x.
This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public.
Vns gsaayv kv naath tin l`t kuan kiv tin l`t du11lwal, jvn b` derv gsaa kv ciaax pusl` pu11ny kvvliw k` naath diaal.
Hand washing has many health benefits, including minimizing the spread of influenza, coronavirus, and other infectious diseases; preventing infectious causes of diarrhea; decreasing respiratory infections;
L1k tetn5 t22 kv ciaax gsyn5 pusl` pu11ny, cet kv xu]kdv kv yinpiluvndha, ksrsnabayr`th, kvv kv ju1th tin k]kivn; gaxv luex ju1thn5 c5th`, gaxv ju1th l55k` tin la kuuk li11k;
and reducing infant mortality rate at home birth deliveries.
k` xookv pek lieth gan rvi tin dap kv ci22xn5.
A 2013 study showed that improved hand washing practices may lead to small improvements in the length growth in children under five years of age.
G6r x`c` m5 ca l1t kv 2013 nyoothv jv 5 ciaax l1k tetn5 derv naath nax k` gssy civvx` m5 tst kv ciaax pieth gat` m5 xot run kv k` /k`n dhieec n5 b`l.
In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap.
Rvi w55n5 tin /ken cop v gsaa, li11 gaat` tin la a n77x ju1thy l55k` kvn ju1th c5th` d22 kv xok kv l`th civxn5 t5 thi1k-thi11k l`t, cet kv l1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny.
This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50%.
Vn l1t v thi1k-thi1k vmv derv li11 ju1thn5 titi xok kv 50%.
Interventions that promote hand washing can reduce diarrhoea episodes by about a third, and this is comparable to providing clean water in low income areas.
L`t tin kap l1k tetn5 nhial d22 kvn locn5 ju1thn5 c5th` xok k` di]]k, k` jvn p``rv kv n66x p55n5 t5 gsw k` naath tin ciex gu11th m5 kuiy kuakv.
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
48% k` xu]k locn5 ju1th c5th` kv rs derv ben kv t11 civvx` l1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny th5n. L1k tetn5 kv thaabuuny v jvn kvl in nhiam k` bum k` v jvn du]]p in thi1k kv g1x ju1thn5 c5th` kvn ju1th l55k` tin be v rup-rup (ARI), cet kv civx tin l1t kv v la civx ci2x, du22lg]r`, kvn rvi wec kvvliw.
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
Pneumonia, juey in nhiam k` ARI, v jvn kvl in la n77x li11 k` gaat tin xot /ken runkivn dhieec cop, min nax t2k nvvn5 t5 bathdssr5 t5 1.8 kv ru]]n kvl.
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
C5th kvn pneumonia kvvl k``p kvn pek m5 cet kv bathdssr5 t5 3.5 k` li11 gan kv ru]]n.