atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
V pek m5 n5n d5 c5 nyuuthn5 titi j``ny kv jv ms?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
k` kvn bvc dial tin jek5 k` kawdu baa kvn dial guic kv du]]p vmv cet kv pek run5ku
and along with a fever
k` j`l kv kvvl kv l2th pu22ny
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
k` g77rv f66 baa d5t rivmdu thvm
and are you having a fever now?
k` t55 kv l2th pu2ny t`mv?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
k` j5n t55 kv nyuuthn5 titi kv b0c kathdu
and are you having a runny nose?
k` t55 kv thony-thony t`mv?
and are you having this chest pain now?
k` j5n t55 kv b0c kath tamv?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
k` j5n b` t55 kv b0c yiek`
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
k` j5n t55 kv nyuuthn5 k]kivn t5 der5 l1r f` t5 tussk kvvl kv jvn nvmv?
and does this pain move from your chest?
k` vn b0c vms la jivnv k` kawdu?
and drink lots of fluids
k` math law-laaw t5 xuan
and how high has your fever been
k` l2th pu11nydu cv r`th gu11th m5 n5n d5
and i have a cough too
k` f`n t11 kv kivl b`
and i have a little cold and a cough
k` f`n t11 kv k]c m5 tst kvn kivl
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
k` f`n v puc t11 kv b0c kath m5 ji``k vn walv
and is this the right time for your hay fever
k` v jvn gu11th in thu]k vnv kv ku5c leth` pu11nydu
and it get the chest pain
k` cv cop k` b0c kath
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
k` f`n divvw` jv 5 t11 kv l2th pu11ny m5 tst walv
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
k` f`n g66r` f66 b5 f` l1r gu11th in la b0c kath v t2 th5n
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
k` vn b` t22 kv nyuuthn5 t5 cet kv vn ti
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
k` l`r n5 f` nyuuthn5 tin tekv j5 t`mmv?
and they're having some fevers as well
k` te kvn kv kvn nyuuthn5 titi b`
and with your history of diabetes
k` n5 kvvl b` kv ciaax ju1th diabvtith`du
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
k` x`c5 jv kawd` la cet bv m1r
and you know people cough on me all the time
k` x`c5 jv la naath f` a k5l5k` ciaax
and you're having chest pain
k` j5n t55 kv b0c kath b`
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
k` kvn nyuuthn5ku titi /ken kvn jivvn rvi n5n5 d1x dhieech
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
k` j5n laar5 jv 5 thivk` rvi kathdu
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
t22 kv raan rvi dhsaarun m5 te kv rivk lsaac r00t lsaac d5t rivm
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
t22 kv nyuuthn5 k]kivn kiv rik t5 nvvn5 k` b0c r``l?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
t22 kv b0v m5 c5 met tussk ku5c cu22c kathdu?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
t22 kv naath k]kivn t5 te kv juey cet j5 ciex kv kvn nyuuthn5 titi?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
t55 kv m5 jek5 v b0c t`mv kv yi22du
are you having any other symptoms?
t55 kv nyuuthn5 k]kivn?
are you having any shortness of breath?
xotv t55 kv rooth yieek`?
are you still having the chest pain
xotv t55 kv b0c kath
because this is flu season
kv f66 nvmv v jvn gu11th pluuk`
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
kvvl kv diabvt5th t55 kv rik k]kivn kiv ju1th t5 bu]m-bu]m?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
duxdv f66 /caa ks b5 l1th gek` kv ku5c b0vcn5 tin tussk kv ju1thn5 lsaac tin k]x
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
duxdv f66 min bum n5 jvn k` kvn dial v jvn b0c kath vmv
but if you have the cough
duxdv f66 m5 t55 kv kivl
but i have difficulty breathing
duxdv f66 t11 kv rooth yiek`
but i know lot of people cough on me
duxdv f66 f`n x1c` naath t5 xuan t5 la f` a ki`l kv k`
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
duxdv f66 ksn g6r ks f66 b1ks m5 csal5 b0c kath tom kv pekdv
but you're breathing all right right now right?
duxdv f66 j5n yi22yi v gsaa vn t`m` v jvn?
'cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
tuk b0c` kath vmv f`n c` jv p1l rueec
'cause they're having a cough
tukdv cv kv moc kivl
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
la cet kv m5 caa kawdu mivt v rad]divn
do still feel like shortness of breath
xotv cet kv m5 roothv yi22
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
lat kv jv 5 te kvn kv nyuuthn5 ju1th?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
j5n t55 kv rivk d5t` rivm m5 x`c5 n5 wen?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
j5n t55 kv rivk d5t` rivm m5 c5 j``ny kiv d]divn m5 cet vns?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
j5n t55 kv jsk d]divn m5 c5 j``ny cet kv diabvt5th?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
j5n t55 kv rooth yieek` kv kvn b0c kath vms?
do you have high blood pressure?
j5n t55 kv d55t rivm?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
j6n t55 roothbyieek` m5 tussk kvvl kv jv?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
j5n x`c5 nyuuthn5 t22 te kv jv?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
te watku kv nyuuthn5 t5 cet kv vn t5
do you see the image?
j5n nvn5 thurv?
drink plenty of fluids today
math law-laaw t5 r7x
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
t55 kv kivl m5 k66t k]c kvn thony-thony x6k waaw
however i take tests for the diabetes
kuv la f66 f`n la k1n` th2m kv diabvt5th
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
kuv la f66 jvn t33 kv nyuutrhn5 t5 c``t vl]x kv nyink`
how high is your fever?
l2th pu11nydu n5nv 5d5?
how' s your blood pressure?
d5t rivmdu t22 5d5?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
f`n /c` jv diw 5 f`n t`` kv d5t rivm
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
f`n jek` b0c kath nhiam kathd` w1n vmv
if you continue to have high fevers
m5 xot5 t55 kv l2th pu11ny
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
m5 t55 kv l2th pu11nt m5 p``r kv ku]r w5dv rvw kiv lvm
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
m5 diiw5 jv nyyuthn5ku kiv riku g77r kvn guec m5 gsaa
i got a fever yesterday
c` l2th pu11ny jek pan
i got a slight fever too
f`n c` l2th pu11ny m5 tst jek b`
i had a fever yesterday
f`n cv f` moc l2th pu11nt pan
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
f`n cv f` moc b0c kath kv gu11th civk pan
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
f`n t11 kv bvc kath wan vmv
i have hay fever though too
f`n b` cv moc kv l2th pu11ny
i have made on the body around the chest area?
f`n c` jv lvl pu]]nyd` k` kawd`
i have some difficulty breathing too
f`n t11 kv b0c yieek` b`
i'll send you an image
f`n b` j5 j`k` thurv
i'm having some chest pain today
f`n t11 kv b0c kath vn walv
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
f`n pay` bak kvn l2th pu11ny jek vn walv
in my opinion it is flu
kv guecd` v plu
in my opinion this is a little flu
kv guecd` v plu m5 tst
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
f`n guvc` jv jivn` k` kawdu we nhial xu``kdu
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
cet n5 kv m5 t22 kv ram m5 thivk-thivk m5 c5 nyuur kathdu?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
kvvliw tusskv kv bak kvn l2th pu11ny kv gu11th m5 c5 we
it hurts in the chest
la bvcv rvi kath
it hurts in the middle of my chest
la bvcv n5 d``r kathd`
it is a pressure like chest pain
jvn thivkv cet kv bvc kath
it is in my chest
jvn t22 rvi kathd`
it is in the center of my chest
jvn t22 n5 d``r rvi kathd`
it is in the center of the chest
jvn t22 n5 d``rvi kath
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
jvn tussk` n5 vn d``r kathd`
it is right in the center of my chest
jvn tusskv n5 d``r rvi kathd`
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
jvn cetv n5 kv m5 t55 kv k]11c ti g66l kiv plu
i've got pain in my chest
f`n c` t2 kv b0c rvi kathd`
i've very concerned of this chest pain
f`n cv f` pay g`y vl]x vn b0c kath vmv
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
f`n g66r` der5 f` l1r du]]r kv ku5c b0c` kath vmv
i will send you an image
f`n b` j`k` thurv
i will send you an image on your screen
f`n b` j5 j`k` thurv kv ithkirin
like high blood pressure or diabetes
cet kv d5t rivm kiv diabvt5th
like right in the center of the chest
cet n5 kv m5 t22 d``r kath
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
gu1thn5 t5 xuaan v jvn b0c kath vmv
my sister has similar symptoms
ny5maar t22 kv nyuuthn5 t5 cet kv titi
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
vn t`mv kv ku5c leth` pu11ny der5 tachiripirna min tam- tam k1n
now i send you an image
vn t`mv f`n c` j5 j`k` thurv
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
vn t`mv mary kv n5n d5 t55 kv kvn nyuuthn5 titi kv kv ms
now you said you have a chest pain
vn t`mv c5 jv lar5 t55 kv b0c kath
occasionally i have some chest pain
kv th11x gu1thn5 f`n la t11 kv b0c kath
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
gsaays j5n la t55 kv nyuuthn5 k]kivn lvvl kv jvn vmv t5 /c5 a b0c
or if you have high blood pressure
kiv m5 t55 kv d5t rivm
or somebody sitting on your chest?
kiv t22 kv ram nyur k` kawdu?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
v p``r kv l2th pu11ny kvn kivl bak kv b0c r``l
right in the middle of my chest
n5 d``r rvi kathd`
show me on this image where you feel the pain
nyuthn5 jv f` k` thurv vn gu11th in jek5 v b0c
since you have a fever
kv f66 t55 kv l2th pu11ny
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
vns j5n diw5 jv 5 th11x nyuuthn5 titi dee kvn thi22k kv ru2t?
so your chest pain started this morning
vns b0c kathdu tusskv vn ru]nwaaxn5
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
vns gaatku te kvn kv nyuuthn5 t5 cet kv vn titi?
tell me about your chest pain
l`r5 f` du]]r kv ku5c b0c` kathdu
the fever increases at night
vn l2th pu11ny la d5tv kv w``r
the fever i've had for the last two days
vn l2th pu11ny in te kv f` cv j``ny kv n5n rvw
the fever started to increase last night
vn l2th pu11ny cv r2p kv rs tok pank`jv
the fever started two days ago
vn l2th pu11ny cv tussk kv n5n rvw t22 c5 we
the muscle pains with the hay fever
vn b0c r``l kvn jvn l2th pu11ny
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
nvmv v psrtsl k5m` dueel rikn5 tin ru]p-ru]]p
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
v jvn der5 f` l`r m5 tst kv ku5c bvc` kathdu?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
v jvn kv min n0n` v plu m5 tst
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
v jvn f`n jek` m5 bvc nhiamd` w1n vmv k` kawd`
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
v jvn f`n c` te kv b0c m5 d55t rvi kathd`
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
v jvn man nyiin5 kv min livx` k` nyuuthn5ku cetv kv m5 t55 kv plu bayr`th
well when i have that pain in my chest
v jvn min c` te kv b0c rvi kathd`
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
v b0c m5 tee d5 te kv j5 ms rvi kathdu?
when this chest pain started?
tusskv nvi vn b0c kath vmv?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
v w1nith te b0c th5ns rvi kathdu?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
v w1nith jek5 b0c kath vms th5ns rvi kath
you are probably having chest pain
d]x t55 kv b0c kath
you feel like tightness on your chest
j5n la jek5 jv cet cv j5 rot k` kawdu
you know i got diabetes and stuff
j5n x`c5 f`n c` te kv diabvt5th kvn kvn nyu]n-nyu]]n titi
you said you're having this chest pain
j5n c5 jv lar 5 t55 kv b0c kath vmv
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
kv p0th r22p ju1th ksrsnabayr`th (covid- 19) rs k` Yursp/Rvi 5ksnsmik` Yursp kvn Ynayted kixds, 1 pay kvl v we k` 15 pay di]k 2020
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
vn rep ju1th ksrsnabayr`th (Covid-19) kv tin tusk we v p``r k` Yursp/Rvi 5ksnsnmik` Yursp kvn Yunaytet kixdom nyoth jv 5, vn Covid-19 we nhiam kv p0th rvi w5n5 dial.
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
kv ciaax x`c` min caa nvn k` T5liaan, w55, du2lwal kvn gu1th yoop` tin d5t baa rs dhil rial5k` kv ku5c j5 ju1th Covid-19 tin baa tiit mal` g7r.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
kv c`x k` 30 Pay w`lrvw 2019, ca pneumonia m5 d55t lar 5 cv tusk k` Wuhan, wec Hubei, chvyna.
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
kv c`x k` 9 Pay kvl 2020, cu mukt`p g1x ju1th in d55t k` Chvyna jv ar 5 min n77x juey v bayr`th in kua lv csl t`mv 5 tussk dup jsam kv bayr`th 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
kv f`` juey in tusk kv lu2x SAR-CoV-2 caa jv csl 5 ksrsnbayr`th (COVID-19).
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
min nyooth jv kv thu]k v f`` 80% k` naath tin te kv COVID-19 te kvn kv juey m5 tst, m5 lot juey l55k` kv kiv a thil pneumonia, k` ku r5wdivn x]]th.
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
Rvi dupn5 t5 14%, COVID-19 la we k` jueuy d]divn m5 g77r duelw`l k` ku dup t5 6% la cuc kv k` g77r yoop m5 lvm.
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
pek l5w k`j5 ju1thn5 tin cv k`p kv COVID-19 v 4%.
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
rvi kuen` nvmv, ca mi tusk k` min dusl kv ku5c COVID-19 k` Yursp/rvi 5ksnsmik` Yursp EU/EEA rvi w5n5 kv kvn Yunaytet kixdsm (UK) k` pa kv wec Hubei, Chvyna.
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
kvn b` p11r ks number COVID-19 vmv in t` w5n5n EU/EEA kvn UK kv m22 tusk k` T5liaan kv 31 Pay kvl -15 Pay di]k.
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
pek COVID-19 k` w55 EU/EEA kv UK
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
kv ksr tuk`dv k` Chvyna, COVID-19 cue fs` top kvvliw vn t`mv rvi fsaa kv we gu]]r kv n5 me c5 tussk vn wecs.
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
kv c`x k` 11 Pay di]k 2020, cuu ku``r WHO In d55t jv lar 5 COVID-19 caa dux fsaa kvvliw.
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
Rvi wargak` j5 Yursp Pay di]k 2020, Spiteri et al. ca jv lar k` ram e nhiam in x1th jv 5 cet kv ci6t WHO kv jv.
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Rvi EU/EEA k` naath di]k t22 nhiam t22 x1th jv k` P0rvvny kv 24 Pay kvl 2020 k` naath t5 luny jsk k` wec Hubei, Chvyna.
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
cet kv 15 Pay di]k 2020, COVID-19 cua cu nvn w55n5 EU/EEA dial t5 30 kvn Yunaytet kixdsm (UK), kv gu11th m5 cet kv kam 31 Pay w`lrvw 2019 kvn n5n cua pek m5 39,7650 kvn l5th t5 1,727 lar, pek m5 17,750 kvn l5th t5 1441 k` T5liaan.
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
Jek p` pek dusl kvn tin tusk kv pek COVID-19
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
k` mukt`p yup` ju1th in d55t k` Yursp (ECDC), pek kuen` COVID-19 wecs rvi fsaa kvvliw, min jek` k` ku1r pusl` pu11ny, ku1r d6r5 tin kuiy kv WHO, la jek jv ciax kv thaak 8:00 a.m.
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
kvn l``r5 titi cua kv kv k1n kv g6r x`c` COVID-19 k` EU/EEA kvn UK, k` cua kv p11r kv T5liaan.
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
cet kv c``t kv pek Covid-19 m5 p0th, c1 ks kv du`c kv c`x 14 kv duslivn vn pek COVID-19, kv guec tuk`dv vn CoV-19, rvi EU/EEA kvn Uk, kv n5n Pay kvl-15 Pay di]k 2020.
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
ksv b` c` ks ku00n tin c5 dusl ku2x piny kv ku5c wec kvl v tusk kv 15 Pay di]]k 2020 8:00 a.m. v p11r kv kv T5liaan kv 31 Pay kvl -15 Pay di]k.
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Tin tusk k` ku5c COVID-19 rvi EU/EEA kvn UK
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
Tin tusk kv n5n 14 pek in dusl k` COVID-19 k` EU/EEA kvn Uk kvvliw guurv min tusk wec Hubei (Chvyna) (thurv 1).
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
k` EU/EEA kvn Uk kvvliw, tin dusl kv ku5c COVID-19 caa rs tok kv r2p kv 21 Pay rvw k` cue we d5t kv p0th k` 28 Pay rvw 2020 (kuaak d]divn).
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
vns n77xv r2pdivn kv rs kv pek in tusk k` T5liaan, duxdv f66 w55 EU/EEA tin k]x kvn Uk nyooth kvn m5 p``r kv tin dusl k` COVID-19 (kuak d]divn).
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Thurv 2 nyoothv pek ku00n tin c5 dusl k` COVID-19, rvi EU/EEA kvn UK v p11r kv kv T5liaan kv 31 Pay kvl-15 Pay di]k 2020.
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
jvn nyoothv jv vn f66 cet kv 15 Pay di]k 2:00 a.m., w55 15 k]kivn k` EU/EEA ca pek m5 p``r kv T5liaan lark v juskn5 di]k kiv v be piny.
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Jekda nyoothv jv vn f66 pek in caa nvn k` COVID-19 reepv rs kv p0th rvi EU/EEA kcb UK.
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
vn min ca diel n2n kv min dusl k` COVID-19 nyoothv jv 5 p0th ju1th fsaa vmv we v p``r w55n5 dial
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
jvn thilv f66 tuskv nvi wecs, tin l1t kv kv f66 ca nvn v mukt`p pusl` pu11ny, kvn dup k]kivn tin csal kv n5 jv kvn yoopdv kv kueny nath tin baa thvm kv x1th COVID-19, kvn th2m nath tin cv k`p.
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
kv tuk Pay di]k 2020, kimn5 T5liaan t22 cv w55kivn d`k cu kv ruac lat m5 10% k` j5 ju1th COVID-19 g77r kvn yoop m5 d55t rvi wec k` muklt`p l``r cv jv lar 5 du33lwal kvn gu1th yoop` rvi wec vms cv kv tiam.
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
l``r kv pek nath tin cv ts11c kv COVID-19 rvi du22lwal kvn/kiv gu11th yoop` min d55t t`mv ka th5n k` EU/EEA kv pek m5 p``r kv 6% kvn 1%, v guurs ins (l``r5 tin ca nyu]]th).
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
kula la f66 ba kv dil ru]]l kv p0l kv ba min tusk kulv lua`k k` l``r in cux kv pek in ca lar kvn pek lieth.
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
G6r x`c` me ca l1t kv 2010-11 nyoothv d``k m5 d55t kv ciaax jek` yoop` m5 d55 kvn dhaxn5 yoop` min pek d``rs k` Yursp, a k`nv k` 29.2 k` Gvrman a we k` dhaxn5 t5 4.3 w5k` 100,000 k` naath k` Prtugal.
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
nvmv lotv n5 f66 kvn w55 d22 kvn te kv kuak t5 tst kiv xuan k` kuak tin te kv j5 T5liaan (12.5 kv yoop im d55t kvn dhaxn5 yoop` min pek d``rv w55k` 100,000 k` naath kv 2010-11).
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
dup yoop` tin thieek kv lu1x g1x pusl` pu11nywec kvl k` EU/EEA kvn UK kv t`` tum` COVID-19 kv pek in cet kv a&gt; 90% rik` b``lv dhaxn5 yoop` min d55t caa kv xu rvi ECDC d1x b1kvl tin gu5c k` COVID-19.
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
kv f66 kvn pek` tin tusk caa kv nax kvvl rvi w55n5 EU/EEA kvn UK, k` du2lwal kvn gu1th yoop` tin d5t guic kvn5 gu11th m5 caa kv k2thn5 kv lark v pek nath tin ciex th5n, l``r kv pek in tusk kvn yoop in d55t k` gu11th ca xvp kvn kuen 2 (NUTS-2) pek.
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
x`c kv me c5 tussk k` T5liaan kvn min tusk t`mv rvi w55n5 tin k]x nyoothv jv 5 COVID-19 reepv kv p0th rvi w55n5 EU/EAA kvn UK.
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
W55, du2lwal kvn gu1th yoop` tin bar s dhil rial5k` kv gssy wec kv SARS-CoV -2 kvn r2p j5 ju1thn5 Covid-19 kv rs tin g77r yoop kv ku5c pusl` pu11ny, kvn yoop in d55t p1ny, cet kvn t] tusk t] rvi wec T5liaan.
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
cet kv min caa lar k` ECDC kv gu11th in pay thu]k kv yu]p rik` min p0th, m5 p0th, m5 ku5ny kvn du]]p m5 thil b0l gsaa n5 jvn k` f66 bv r2p SDARS COV-2 gax, kv jivn k` nyuur kv we k` f6th cet kv min caa nvn k` n77x rep k` pek in tusk d]x /cv naath tin k1m kv c`r raar b5 kvn du2lwal b5 moc thaak m5 r7x k` /caa b5 nhsk k` ba c`r nax cet kv gu11thdivn m5 /k1n rial5k` v xot gu11th.
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
vn guec rik` min p0th b` cv min ba l1t kv ku5c pusl` pu11ny kv f`` ba min derv n66c lar.
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
t22 kv wernyin n5 civk kv bax tin kv gu11th in b5 w555 te kv gu11th kv r2pdivn k` kv g1x ju1th SARS-CoV-2 kvn xu]k rik` pusl` pu11ny.
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
m5 we vns p00n, thi1kv 5 b5 ciaax pusl` p,u11ny w55n5 tin k]x k` EU/EEA bv te kv j5 ju1thn5 t5 g77r yoop in d55tkv n5n kiv juskn5 tin b`.
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
tuk Ksrsnabayr`th` 2019 (COVID-19), tookv dvy ju1thn5 l55k` (SARS) ksrnabar`th2 (SARS-CoV-2), cv naath n`k t5 b``l 3,000 k` cv naath k`p t5 80,000 rvi chvyna kvn w5c mu]]n in d]x, k` cv naath n6x d1k.
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
cet kv bayr`th homologi6thdv, SARS-CoV-2 min n77x SARS k` naath k5 k5thn5 kv 2003, SAR-CoV-2 b` d22 jv dsp k` xapn5 k` derv nyuuthn5 n77x cet kv jvn du]]ps.
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
kulv la h66 COVID-19 t22 kv ebn m5 kuiy kvn li11 m5 p``r k` SARS duxdv f66 jvn dspv naath kv p0th d5t v lvn xu``n n5 xu0tn5 kvn wutn5 t5 xuan k` m`n.
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
kv lu]c nath kv r2p nath kv rs tin k``p juey kv, wargak vmv h]nv jv 5 nyoothv thaak kvn guec in thu]k kv jvn mvn l``t rs mv.
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
b1ks tin bum cop kv jvn epidemoloj5, etioloj5, baroloj5, jekdv, tu]mdv, pendv ben kvn g1xdv.
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
c`x xot thiecn5 t5 xuan /k1n kv loc, guvc ks jv 5 vn guec vmv bv naath moc cu]p lsaac kvn juc rik` ju1th vmv.
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
vn b11l jsam kv Pay kvl 25, cv la m5 /caa de gvr k` /ca b5 met p1l rueec xith` Chvynan5 diaal t22 caa ku]k f66 t1yv du2l5 kv n5 b``l` dial kvn juskn5 t5 xuan kv ksr tuk` ju1th bayr`th` min rvl rs.
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
vn bayr`th c``tv kv ksrsnsbayr`th (CoV) min laa n77x juey l55k` (SARS) kv 2003; kv f66 ns caa kv kv ksx csl 5 SARS-CoV-2 V Muktp` pusl` pu11ny wec mu]]n (WHO) kv pay 11, 2020, k` juer in c``t kv cua jv csl 5 CoV juey-19 (COVID-19).
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
Jvn tusskv k` Huhan, Chvyna, k` kv p0th cuv hsw thi`x cuv w55 k]kivn 50 vop.
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
kv Pay di]k 2, 2020 vn bayr`th cuv pek m5 80,000 k`p kv COVID-19, cua pek m5 40,000 k` cu 3,000 l5w.
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
ci WHO nath ji6k 5 COVID-19 “v gu1n t0r nath dial in 1”.
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
cet kv me ca lar v PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/),kv gu11th m5 /ken p`th rvw thi`x, caa wargakn5 t5 200 k1m raar kv ku5c COVID-19 kv bayrslsj5, epidemslsj5, etieloj5 nendv kvn tu]mdv n5 kv gu``th e nhiam e lark v jv kv Pay kvl 7,2020 t5 laar ciaax in ca nvn k` bayr`th k` nvi t5 g66l.
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
vn guec vmv f]nv jv 5 bv min tusk kv nysak g7r` x`c` l1th piny kv min tusk t`mv.
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
m5 lotv rs, b1kv jv f]n 5 ba COVIVD-19 p11r vkn SARS kvn CoV tin k]x , d``r keuc cueec fsaa k` li``k (MERS) e c5 tusk rvi 2
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
b1kv ruac b` kv min c1ks nvn n5 wen kv g1x ju1th kvn nendv kvvl kv thiecnt5 tin thi1k k` we ben.
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
CoV n5 ca kv ksx guic 5 thil kv pathj5n kv gat ran, tin n66x 15% k` thony-thony.
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
kuv laa f66, rvi wec n5n5 titi, canv r6m kv pathoj5ik gat` ran k` CoV k` rvvw, m5 lot n5 f66 SARS-CoV MERS-CoV, e took du]]r k` Chvyna kv 2003 kvn Thsudi Arabia kv 2012 kvvl, k` cu w55 k]kiv ncop kv gu11th tst kvn li11.
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
kv f66 ns, vn COVID-19 vmv v di]]kdivn tuk` COv n5 rvi teek` gfat` ran.
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
cet kv min ca nyoth k` thurv.Thurv 1,1, nyin pneumonia tin thil tukdivn x`c caa kv ksx lar k` Wuhan kv Pay w`lrvw 31, 2019 k` mukt`p pusl` pu11ny China.
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
kv ksr n5n5 d1x b1rsw cu l``r5 CoV ben raar
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
kv Pay kvl 15, 2020 cua li11 lar k` Wuhan
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
kv gu11th vms, cu repdv kv rs d`k rvi wrvkn5 tin thi1k, kvn w55.
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
kv Pay kvl 20, cua luex k` l``t pusl` pu11ny lar, mi nyooth f66 k` ranv we k` raan gu1lv dsp kv jv.
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
kv Pay kvl 23, cua rvk Wuhan g`k k` cu ri1th j1l dial cu]x.
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
kv Pay kvn 24 cua g7r lot` ju1th tok, k` cua lar 5, 41 te kvn jvn juey 21 k`rs kvn jek jv k` g`pv thok waath Wuhan me guvc 5 jvn gu11tgh in tuskv th5n vn luex k` ley m5 /caa x`c.
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
kv Pay kvl 30, cu WHO jv lar 5 wic mu]]n te kv rivk pusl` pu]]ny m5 rup-rup.
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
kv jvn gu11th l`r` nvmv, c5 juey Chvyna ku thux th`x kvn w55 t5 50 w5mu]]n in d]x. ​(thurv. 2).2).
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
min we rivk d5t, min jsak in baa l1t kv g1xdv xotv baa kulv guic.
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
kv Pay rvw 11, 2020 cua gu11th lv g6r x`c` kv nath t5 8,866 kvvl kv nath 4,021 t5 ca x`th 5 te kv juey COVID-19 lar kv thu]k cet kv nvmv (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
naath tin ca luvx v SARS-CoV-2 kv pek run5 diaal duxdv f66 xuan5 run 30-65.
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
Nuth (47.7%) k` naath tin te kv juey we runkivn k` 50, t5 tst we runkivn k` 20 k` naath 14 k`rs kv kvn we runkivn 10.
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
SARS-CoV-2 cv wutn5 t5 (0.31/100,000) k`p kvn m`n t5 0.27/100,000).
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
COVID-19 cuv d`k piny rvi Hubei kvn g22kv.
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
COVID-19 cv pek p``r kv 5 (2-9) n5n5 k1n kv tukdv kvn xiecdv.
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
vn pek in cv k1n kvvliw v 4.8 (3.0-7.2) n5n5.
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
pek n5n5 tin naxv kv k1dv kv raan knv c`x lieth v 9.5 (4.8-13) n5n5.
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
pek in diethv rs (R0) v 3.77 (95% Cl: 3.51-4.05), kvn nysak l1tdv (R0) v 2.23-4.82.
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
pek nat tin cv k`p cuv rs rep kv Pay kvl 23 2020, kvv lgu11th e j`l kv naath t5 v xot b``l jsam kv Chvyna.
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
li11 j5 ju1thn5 tin caa x`th v 1.44% (95% Cl: 1.10-1.86%), kvn nysak l1t li`th j5 ju1thn5 diaal v 3.06% (95% Cl: 2.02-4.59%).
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
Rik di]k tin nhiam k` COVID-19 nvm v t]]c (wutn5), ru
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
CoV n5 kvn vk j5 ciex m5 d55t t5 kum bayr`th m5 te kv l k` RNA kv.
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
ca kv d11k k` xuaan, alpha, beta gamma knv delta, m5 lot f66 alph- kvn beta- CoV n5 luvvx kvn gat ran.
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
vn kuumdivn t22 kv glycol protein m5 matv kv kuum angiotensin kv enzym 2 (ACE2) kvn dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) kv SARS-CoV ckn MERS-CoV, kvn k6t jsak.
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
vn RNA bayr`th genme la we rvi cytoplasm; kv ksr luc` genome bayral, vn genomic RNA la we kvvl kvn kuum glycoprotein kvn nucleocapsid proteins ba bayrion m5 rvi kv keer5 cu n77x m5 b5 rs ben mat kvn plasma in ku bayr`th lv j1k.
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
vn genome SARS-COV-2 bayr`th` min nhiam lark v pay kvl 10, 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 jek jv kv nhiam vn f66 v beta-CoV pay tusk kvk` b``l 99.98% kv c11t k` th1mpsl5 10 t5 ca k1n gu11th e nhiam e tusk juey th5n k` g`p` thok waath k` Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
beta-CoV-2 thieekv vl]x kvn beta-CoV k` MERS-CoV.
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
the d6pdv kv 5l0ktsrsn microscope, SARS-Cov-2 la civw-civw kv a n0n kv k` ultrathin kv jsk gup` l55k` ran.
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
ACE2 ran ca jv x1c 5 v jvn k``p SARS-CoV-2 kvvl kvn SARS-CoV.
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
Kuv la f66, vn protein S min ms SARS-CoV-2 la matv rs kvn ACE2 rannyu``n` v l`ny SARS-CoV,min tusk baax kvn minms dux SARS-CoV-2 k` n77x lu22x m5 kuiy kv j5 ju1th k` SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 b1 jvn derv protein m5 civk n66x m5 te rvi orf3b kvn kuny protein m5 te rvi orf8.
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
vn orf8 SARS-CoV-2 k` derv du]]r l1t kv bayr`th pathogenic` k` tee kv l``r IFNβ; kulv la f66 orf8 thilv jv lu1x m5 x`c kv kiv motip.
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
kv pay rvw 18,2020 Zou et al., cv jv lar cycro-EM cuuxdv kv pek ran ACE2 k` 2.9 Å kv amino acid in j``l 0AT1.
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
c5 kvn v ljen vn f66 xuan jidv, minl0p rs k` g``k rs, cv cu]x cet kv g``x k` protein ACE2-B0AT1 min mat Sprotein k` xun thu]]k kv xiec CoV kvn luex.
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
B0AT1 derv la teek kv ku5c d``k` wal kv tuk luex` SARS-CoV-2.
The origin and intermediate host
gu11th c`k` kvn ram ijn nyuthv pu]]nydv
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
ca jv x`th 5 SARS-CoV kvn MERS-CoV tusk` xapn5 cua kv kulv d6p raan v nyaaw kvn jamvl, kvvl.
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
kv p``r pythogenic SARS-CoV-2 kvn CoV tin k]n, xapn5 kv kvn ca x1c t] v la tuk k` SARS-CoV-2 kv f66 vn bayr`th v 96% kv c11t kvn SARS-CoV tin c``t kv min jekv k` xap incsal5 bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
kuv la f66 min r7m ran in tusk du]]r pu]]nydv kvn v bv bayr`th lu`k kv wedv k` raan xotv baa kulv g7rs.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji, et al., cv jv lar 5 th]l v jvn n77x raan bayr`ths ka xap mi nax rs kcv c11t k` mat Sprotein n5.
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
cet kv m5 ca lar v g6r x`c` kvl, g66r x`c`c k` Guongzhou, Chvyna, caa jv lar5 pangolin n5 t5 b`r –xu`kn5, tin cam k]1m kvn tin jak Chvynan5 kv k` wal – te kvn kv nen vn f66 dee kvn juey SARS-CoV-2 j11l kv 99% c11t dieth` CoV in ca jek k` pangolin kvn SARS-2.
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
Kuv laa f66 d``k m5 1% tee th5n kam` genome n5 rvw xotv ja w1ns; nyoothv jv 5 xot naath kv liep kv min thu]k (thurv. ​(Fig.33).
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
vn k0m5k]l pu11ny SARS-CoV -2 kvn xot kv ba kv kulv x1c.
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can survive in vitro for 48 hours in a dry environment and up to 5 days under 20 °C and 40%-50% humidity.
SARS-CoV kvn MERS-CoV la t2k kvn kv thaakn5 48 gu11th m5 k66t v we k` n5n 5 rvi 20 °C kvn 40%-50% nhial.
SARS-CoV-2 may possess similar properties.
SARS-CoV-2 derv tey ins b`.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat at 56 °C for 30 minutes; ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, chloroform, and other fatty solvents, but not chlorhexidine, can effectively inactivate the virus.
ca jv lar 5 SARS-CoV-2 l7kv leth c1x kv l2th m5 p``r kv 56°C kv digikvn5 t5 30, m5 v 75% ethanol, kslsri55n m5 tv rvi w1l n1k luex1, peracetic acid, chloroform, and n11k thiaal tin k]x, v thilv n5 chlorhexidine, dee kvn bayr`th n`k.
The entire human population generally lacks immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and hence is susceptible to the novel virus.
raan kvvliw w55c mu]]n rthilv jv bu]m pu11ny m5 derv tiam SARS-CoV kvn MERS-CoV k` jvn thi1k li11dv kv bayr`th in rvlrs.
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
t`mv, thilv l``r in thu]k in ca g7r kv ku5c bum` pu11ny ran kv g1x SARS-CoV-2.
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
Kv f66 ns banv guic n5 g`cn5 t22 wenkv ku5c CoV n5 e civ k kv SARS-CoV knv MERS-CoV (THURV. ​(Fig.4).4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
kvvliwdv, kv ksr k` m5 c5 bayr`th gu11th civvx`dv min nhial jac, baa jv xic g``x bum` pu11nydv kv (PRRs) kvvl kv C-dux lvktin, cet tol (TLR), m5 cet tusrusx (TLR).
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
kv dup t5 g66l vn bayr`th bv cuu l`t cet n77xv pu]t, b5 thel5 cuu d5t, bantvers cu cak (IFNs) tin n77x d5t bayr`th` kv reep macropage phagocytosis bayral antigen.
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
kuv la h66 vn N protein SARS-CoV derv bayr`th lu`k kv f66 bv bu]m pu11nty tiam.
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
kv p0th, vn bu]m pu11ny in b` v m``th bv rs mat k77r bayr`th`.
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
T lymphocytes kvvl kv CD4+ kv CD8+ T cell kv kvn g11x tin bum.
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
CD4+ T cells laa jakv B cell k` bv antibody n5 t5 cux kv du]]p kvl l1t, k` vn CD8+ Tcell ba cell tin ca luvx v bayr`th n`k.
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
T lu`kv cell kv l1t g1x pu]t` n5 cytokines m5 lu`k cell kv g1x.
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
kuvl a f66 CoV bv l`t T cell dial k1n a bv apoptosis n66x k` T cells.
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
vn bu]m pu11ny ran kvvl kvn lu11k cet kv C3 kvn C5a kv anitibody b` bum kvn kv n`k bayr`th`.
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
c1``t, antibody m5 caa l1th g6lv pu]]ny raam m5 c5 x]]th n`kv MERS- CoV.
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
Kv gu11th in d]x, k0v bum` pu11ny m5 cv d5t derv du]]r d]divn we n66x cet kv ciaax m5 dee rivk pu]]th n66x kvn cu]]x tin k]x kvn f66 m5 cv ji``k vl]x bv cu]]x t5 xuan bat k` derv li11 n66x.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
vn luex SARS-CoV-2 min n77xv kv tukdv , la malv ji1kv k` d5t vl]x kvn m`n tin ru2tn5.
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
jvn la thi1kv vn f66 bv d5t nath tin te kv ju1th k]kivn kin tin c5 bu]m pu11nydivn ku00, la kv malv k``pv k` naath tin k]x.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
vn pek in ca thvm kv c1pdv kv naath vn SARS-CoV-2 v nien 1-4, gu1thn5 t5 xuan , n5n 3-7 cet kv me ca lar v g6r x`c` kvl.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
kuv la f66 c5 g6r x`c` k` pek m5 1,099 jv nyoth5 k1pdv v n5n 3 kv mee ca nvn k` Wuhan v tookv k` 0 v we k` n5n t5 24.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
g6r x`c` m5 thi1k cv lar 5, k1pdv v n5n5 t5 4.8 (3.0-7.2) kv pek m5 cet kv 8,866.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
jvn gsaayv kv mukt`p pusl` pu11ny vn f66 bv gu11h in nyur kv raan gu11th kvl nys kv guec kv t11 in caa lark v k1p ju1th, kv g1x d6p ju1th kv naath tin k]x.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
cet kv l1t k` naath dial, nvy tin cv moc luex ba kv dhil jak` nyur gu11th kvl kv n5n 14.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
de vn nyuur gu11th kvl kulv ti`c k` n5n t5 24?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
l2th pu11ny v jvn nyuuth in nhiam n5 ciax k` COVID-19, m5 thilv nyuuth d]divn m5 laa b` kssr cet kv kivl in thil k`k, rooth yieek`, b0c r``l, w55l, bak, yiiw r66l, luac-luaac wu]m b0c kath, c5th, jaal kvn x6k.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
th11x j5 ju1thn5 la cuc kvn kv civk yieek`/ min pay jyuey tusk.
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
rvi pek n5 t5 nyin xuan ,j5 ju1thn5 t5 xuan la kv a moocv kv rivk k` li``kdivn, musn, acid kv j`l rivm kvn kiil.