atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
A March 2020 literature review concluded that "chest radiographs are of little diagnostic value in early stages, whereas CT [computed tomography] findings may be present even before symptom onset."
Na sanza ya misato 2020 zulunalu elobaki ete “ba ekzame ya radio ya ntolo eza na ntina mingi te na bitambe ya ebandeli, kasi CT [tomographie esalamaka na ordinatere] ekoki kozala ata liboso bilembo ebanda komonana.”
Typical features on CT include bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacificities with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution.
Biloko ya CT eza na ndakisa batala-tala ya multilateral ya pete elongo na peripherique, asymetrique mpe elongo ya libanda.
Subpleural dominance, crazy paving and consolidation develop as the disease evolves.
Sous-pleural ezalaka monene, nguya ya makasi mpenza mpe bokasi ntango maladi ezopalangana.
A study comparing PCR to CT in Wuhan at the point of origin of the current pandemic has suggested that CT is significantly more sensitive than PCR, though less specific, with many of its imaging features overlapping with other pneumonias and disease processes.
Bolukiluki moko oyo ekokanisaki PCR na CT na Wuhan na ebandeli ya maladi oyo elobi ete CT eza makasi mingi koleka PCR, kasi eza na ba resultat ya sikisiki te, mpe bafoto na yango mosusu elekaka likolo ya maladi ya pneumonie mpe maladi mosusu.
As of March 2020, the American College of Radiology recommends that "CT should not be used to screen for or as a first-line test to diagnose COVID-19".As of March 2020, the CDC recommends PCR for initial screening.
Na sanza ya misato 2020, College ya Amerika ya radiologie elobaki ete “basalela CT te mpo na mpo na komona to neti ekzame ya liboso mpo na komona COVID-19.” Na sanza ya misato 2020, CDC elobaki bato basalela PCR na ebandeli.
Part of the immune response to infection is the production of antibodies including IgM and IgG.
Mpo na kobundisa maladi tokoki kobotisa ba anticoprs ata mpe IgG na IgG.
These can be used to detect infection in individuals starting 7 days or so after the onset of symptoms, to determine immunity, and in population surveillance.Assays can be performed in central laboratories (CLT) or by point-of-care testing (PoCT).
Bakoki kosalela yango mpo na koyeba maladi na bato banda na mikolo 7 to mingi nsima ya komonana ya bilembo, mpo na koyeba makasi ya kobundisa maladi, mpe kokengela bato. Komeka ekoki kosalema na balaboratoire central (CLT) to na esika ya kosalisa ekzame (PocT).
The high-throughput automated systems in many clinical laboratories will be able to perform these assays but their availability will depend on the rate of production for each system.
Ba systeme ya mpasi mingi ya automatique na balaboratoire ya balopitalo mingi ekokoka kosala ba ekzame wana kasi makoki na bango etalelama na motango ya bato oyo systeme mokomoko ekoki kosala.
For CLT a single specimen of peripheral blood is commonly used, although serial specimens can be used to follow the immune response.
Mpo na CLT basalelaka mbala mingi echantillon moke ya makila, ata bakoki kosalela ba echantillon mingi mpo na koyeba makasi ya nzoto ya kobundisa maladi.
For PoCT a single specimen of blood is usually obtained by skin puncture.
Mpo na PoCT mbala mingi bazwaki echantillon moko ya makila na mposo ya nzoto na tonga.
Unlike PCR methods an extraction step is not needed before assay.On March 26, 2020, the FDA named 29 entities that provided notification to the agency as required and are now therefore able to distribute their antibody tests.
Na kokesena na PCR, bametode ya kobimisa etambe eza na ntina te liboso ya kobanda. Na mokolo ya 26 sanza ya misato 2020, FDA eponaki bisika 29 oyo bapesaka bango rapore ndenge esengeli mpe sikoyo bakoki kokabola ba ekzame na bango ya anticorps.
As of April 7, 2020, only a single test has been approved by the FDA under an emergency use authorization.In late March 2020, Euroimmun Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Epitope Diagnostics received European approvals for their test kits, which can detect IgG and IgA antibodies against the virus in blood samples.
Na mokolo 7 ya sanza ya minei,2020, FDA endimaki kaka ekzame moko na ntango ya urgence. Na nsuka ya sanza ya misato 2020, Euroimmun Medical Laboratory Diagnostics mpe Epitope Diagnostics bazwaka ndingisa ya Eropa mpo babanda kosalela bamashine na bango ya kosala ekzame, oyo ekoki komona ba anticorps IgG na IgA na ba echantillon ya makila oyo eza na virisi.
The testing capacity is several hundred samples within hours and therefore much faster than the conventional PCR assay of viral RNA.
Baza na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame mingi na ba echantillon na ngonga moko mpe bakosala noki koleka PCR ya momeseno mpo na ekzame ya virisi RNA.
The antibodies are usually detectable 14 days after the onset of the infection.In early April, the UK found none of the antibody test kits it purchased were sufficiently good to use.
Mbala mingi ba anticorps emonanaka mikolo 14 nsima ya kobanda ya maladi. Na ebandeli ya sanza ya minei, Royaume-Uni emonaki ete ata bamashine moko te ya kosala ya ekzame oyo basombaki ezala malamu.
Hong Kong has set up a scheme where suspected patients can stay home, "emergency department will give a specimen tube to the patient", they spit into it, send it back and get a test result a while after.The British NHS has announced that it is piloting a scheme to test suspected cases at home, which removes the risk of a patient infecting others if they come to a hospital or having to disinfect an ambulance if one is used.In drive-through testing for COVID-19 for suspected cases, a healthcare professional takes sample using appropriate precautions.
Hong Kong ebimisaka mayele ya kotika na ndako bato oyo bazokanisa ete baza na maladi, “ministere ya urgence ekopesa bato ya maladi tube moko,” bakobwaka nsoyi kuna, bakozongisa yango, nsima batindi yango mpo na ekzame. NHS ya Grande-Bretagne elobaki ete bazosala mayele moko ya kosalisa ekzame na bato oyo bakanisi baza na maladi na ndako, ebongo ekopekisa moto ya maladi apesa bato mosusu maladi soki ayei na lopitalo to kosala kopetola ambulance soki basaleli yango mpo na moto moko. Na kosalaka ba ekzame ya COVID-19 na bato oyo bakanisi baza na maladi, monganga moko azwaka echantillon na bokengi mpenza.
Drive-through centers have helped South Korea do some of the fastest, most-extensive testing of any country.In Germany, the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians said on 2 March, that it had a capacity for about 12,000 tests per day in the ambulatory setting and 10.700 had been tested in the prior week.
Ba centre oyo ezalaka na mituka esalisi Coree ya sude na kosala ba ekzame na lombango mpe na bato mingi na mokili mobimba. Na Allemange lisanga ya mboka mpo na assurance ya kolongono ya nzoto ya minganga elobaki na mokolo ya 2 sanza ya misato, ete eza na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame pene ya 12 000 na mokolo moko na ba-ambulance mpe basalaki bato 10 700 na mposo oyo elekaki.
Costs are borne by the health insurance when the test is ordered by a physician.
Mosolo efutamaka na assurance ya maladi soki ekzame yango esengami na monganga.
According to the president of the Robert Koch Institute, Germany has an overall capacity for 160,000 tests per week.
Mpo na prezida ya eteyelo ya Robert Koch, Allemagne eza na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame 160 000 na mposo moko.
As of 19 March drive in tests were offered in several large cities.
Na mokolo ya 19 sanza ya misato ba ekzame bapesaki bingumba mingi ya minene likoki ya kosala ba ekzame.
As of 26 March 2020 the total number of tests performed in Germany was unknown, because only positive results are reported.
Na mokolo ya 26 sanza ya misato 2020, motango ya bato oyo basalaki bango ekzame na Allemagne eyebanaki te, mpo balobeli kaka bato oyo bakangaki na maladi.
A first lab survey revealed that as of calendar week 12/2020 a total of at least 483,295 samples were tested up to and including week 12/2020 and 33,491 samples (6.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.In Israel, researchers at Technion and Rambam Hospital developed and tested a method for testing samples from 64 patients simultaneously, by pooling the samples and only testing further if the combined sample is found to be positive.In Wuhan a makeshift 2000-sq-meter emergency detection laboratory named "Huo-Yan" (Chinese: 火眼, or "Fire Eye" in English) was opened on 5 February 2020 by BGI, which can process over 10,000 samples a day.
Ankete ya liboso ya laboratoire oyo esalemaki na mposo ya 12/2020 emonisi ete basalaki ekzame na ba echantillon pene ya 483 295 mpe etalelaki mposo ya 12/2020 mpe ba echantillon 33 491 (6,9%) bazalaki na maladi ya SARS-COV-2. Na Israele, bato basalaka bolukiluki na lopitalo Technion and Rambam basalaki metode ya sika mpe basalaki ba ekzame na ba echantillon na bato 64 na mbala moko, na kotyaka ba echantillon mpe kaka kosala ba ekzame ya ba echantillon mingi ezalaki na maladi. Na Wuham laboratoire ya 2000-sq-metre ya likama esalemaki bapesi nkombo ‘Huo-Yan’’ (Kishinwa: 火眼 , to “liso ya moto” na Lingala) ebandaki mosala mokolo ya 5 sanza ya mibale 2020 na BGI, oyo ekoki kosala ekzame ya ba echantillon 10 000 na mokolo moko.
With the construction overseen by BGI-founder Wang Jian and taking 5-days, modelling has show cases in Hubei would have been 47% higher and the corresponding cost of the tackling the quarantine would have doubled if this testing capacity hadn't come on line.
Na mosala ya kotanga ekambami na mobandisi ya BGI Wang Jian mpe ezwaki mikolo 5, kosala biloko ya Hubei elingaki kozala 47% ya koleka mpe ekokani na ntalo ya kotya bato na quarantaine elingaki komata mbala mibale soki babandisaka te mosala oyo ya kosala ekzame.
The Wuhan Laboratory has been promptly followed by Huo-Yan labs in Shenzhen, Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai, in a total of 12 cities across China.
Huo-Yan na Shenzehen, Tianjin, Beijing, na Shanghai, elandaki noki laboratoire ya Wuhan, na mobimba bingumba 12 ya Chine elanda bango.
By 4 March 2020 the daily throughput totals were 50,000 tests per day.Open source, multiplexed designs released by Origami Assays have been released that can test as many as 1122 patient samples for COVID19 using only 93 assays . These balanced designs can be run in small laboratories without the need for robotic liquid handlers.
Na mokolo ya 4 sanza ya misato 2020 ba ekzame oyo bazalaki kosala na mokolo ekomaki 50 000. Mokanda moko, midele ya multiplexe oyo Origami Assays ebimisaki, ekoki kosala ekzame ya ba echantillon ya bato ya maladi ya COVID19 na bato ya maladi 1 122 na kosalela kaka ba assays 93. Midele ya malamu ekoki kosalelama na balaboratoire ya mike kozanga lisungi ya ba robot.
By March, shortages and insufficient amounts of reagent has become a bottleneck for mass testing in the EU and UK and the US.
Na sanza ya misato, kozanga bankisi mpo na kosala bato mingi ba ekzame ekomaki motungisi ya monene na Union Européenne, na Royaume-Uni mpe na Etats-Unis.
This has led some authors to explore sample preparation protocols that involve heating samples at 98 °C (208 °F) for 5 minutes to release RNA genomes for further testing.On 31 March it was announced United Arab Emirates was now testing more of its population for Coronavirus per head than any other country, and was on track to scale up the level of testing to reach the bulk of the population.
Yango etindi bakomi mosusu na kobongisa mayele ya kosalela ba echantillono oyo ezosenge kotya yango na moto na temperature ya 98 °C (208 °F) na miniti 5 mpo na kobimisa ba genome RNA mpo na kosala ba ekzame mosusu. Na mokolo ya 31 sanza ya misato balobaki ete elobaki ete Emirats Arabe Unies eza na kosala bato na yango mingi ekzame ya coronavirisi na mokolo koleka mikili nyonso mosusu, mpe basalaki deja ekzame yango na bato na bango mingi mpenza.
This was through a combination of drive-through capability, and purchasing a population-scale mass-throughput laboratory from Group 42 and BGI (based on their "Huo-Yan" emergency detection laboratories in China).
Esalemaki na nzela ya mayele ya ndenge na ndenge, mpe kosombela bato na bango biloko mingi ya kosala ekzame ya laboratoire na Group 42 mpe BGI (na kolande “Huo-Yan” na bango ya balaboratoire ya lombangu ya koyeba maladi na Chine).
Constructed in 14 days, the lab is capable of conducting tens of thousands RT-PCR tests per day and is the first in the world of this scale to be operational outside of China.
Etongami na mikolo 14, laboratoire ekoki kosala ba ekzame mingi mpenza ya RT-PCR na mokolo mpe ezali laboratoire ya liboso ya nguya ndenge oyo, oyo bazosalela na libanda ya Chine.
Different testing recipes targeting different parts of the coronavirus genetic profile were developed in China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States.
Bazomeka mayele mingi ya kosala ba ekzame na biteni mingi ya coronavirisi na Chine, France, Allemagne, Hong Kong, Japon, mpe na Etats-Unis.
The World Health Organization adopted the German recipe for manufacturing kits sent to low-income countries without the resources to develop their own.
Organisation mondiale de la sante endimaki mayele ya Allemange ya kosala mashine ya kosala ba ekzame ya kotinda na mikili ya bobola oyo baza na makoki te ya kosala ya bango moko.
The German recipe was published on 17 January 2020; the protocol developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control was not available until 28 January, delaying available tests in the U.S.China and the United States had problems with the reliability of test kits early in the outbreak, and these countries and Australia were unable to supply enough kits to satisfy demand and recommendations for testing by health experts.
Mayele ya Allemagne ebimaki na mokolo ya 17 sanza ya liboso 2020; mayele oyo ba centre ya kobundisala maladi na Etats-Unis ezalaki nanu te kino na mokolo ya 28 sanza ya liboso; esalaki ete ba ekzame ya Etats-Unis ezala te. Chine na Etats-Unis bazalaki na mutungisi na ebandeli mpo bamashine na bango ya kosala ekzame ezalaki malamu te, mpe mikili wana na Australie bazalaki na makoki te kopesa motanga ya bamashine ebongi mpo eyokana na lisengi ya minganga.
In contrast, experts say South Korea's broad availability of testing helped reduce the spread of the novel coronavirus.
Na bokeseni, minganga balobi ete lokola Coree ya sude ezalaki na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame, esali ete coronavirisi ya sika epalangana mingi te.
Testing capacity, largely in private sector labs, was built up over several years by the South Korean government.
Makoki ya kosala ekzame, mingimingi na balabotoire ya bato bango moko, esalemaki na bambula mingi na guvernema ya Coree ya sude.
On 16 March, the World Health Organization called for ramping up the testing programmes as the best way to slow the advance of COVID-19 pandemic.High demand for testing due to wide spread of the virus caused backlogs of hundreds of thousands of tests at private U.S. labs, and supplies of swabs and chemical reagents became strained.
Na mokolo ya 16 sanza ya misato, Organisation mondiale de la sante elobaki ete baprograme ya kosala ba ekzame eza lolenge ya malamu koleka ya kolembisa na liboso maladi mabe ya COVID-19. Mposa makasi ya kosala ba ekzame na ndenge maladi epalanganaki esalaki ete baloboratoire mingi ya Etats-Unis bazalaki na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame mpe bazangaki biloko ya kozwa mai ya nzoto mpe bankisi ya kotya na ekzame mpo na komona maladi.
In March 2020 China reported problems with accuracy in their test kits.
Na sanza ya misato 2020 Chine elobaki ete bamashine na bango ya kosala ba ekzame ezosala malamu te.
In the United States, the test kits developed by the CDC had "flaws;" the government then removed the bureaucratic barriers that had prevented private testing.Spain purchased test kits from Chinese firm Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co Ltd, but found that results were inaccurate.
Na Etats-Unis, bamashine ya kosala ekzame oyo CDC esalaki ezalaki “na mbeba,” yango wana guvernema alongolaki mibeko oyo epekisaki ba laboratoire ya prive basala ba ekzame. Espagne esombaki bamashine ya kosala ba ekzame na kompani moko ya Chine, nkombo na yango Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co Ltd, kasi bamonaki ete ba resultat ezalaki ya solo te.
The firm explained that the incorrect results may be a result of a failure to collect samples or use the kits correctly.
Kompani yango elobaki ete ba resultat ya mabe ekoki kozala mpo bazozwa ba echantillon malamu te to bazosalela machine mabe.
The Spanish ministry said it will withdraw the kits that returned incorrect results, and would replace them with a different testing kit provided by Shenzhen Bioeasy.80% of test kits the Czech Republic purchased from China gave wrong results.Slovakia purchased 1.2 million test kits from China which were found to be inaccurate.
Ministere ya Espagne elobaki ete ekolongola bamashine oyo ebimisaki ba resultat ya mabe, mpe na esika na yango bakotya bamashine mosusu oyo euti na Shenzhen Bioeasy. 80% ya bamashine ya kosala ba ekzame oyo Republique Tcheque esombaki na Chine epesaki ba resultat ya mabe. Slovaquie esombaki bamashine 1,2 milio ya kosala ba ekzame na Chine kasi ezalaki ya mabe.
Prime Minister Matovič suggested these be dumped into the Danube.Ateş Kara of the Turkish Health Ministry said the test kits Turkey purchased from China had a "high error rate" and did not "put them into use."The UK purchased 3.5 million test kits from China but in early April 2020 announced these were not usable.
Premier ministre Matovič alobaki ete babwaka yango na Danube. Ates Kara ministre ya kolongono ya nzoto ya Turquie alobaki ete bamashine oyo Turquie esombaki na Chine ezalaki ya “mabe makasi” mpe bapesaki yango te “mpo basalela yango.” Royaume-Uni asombaki 3,5 milio ya bamashine ya kosala ba ekzame na Chine kasi na ebandeli ya sanza ya minei 2020 balobaki ete likoki ya kosalela yango ezalaki te.
Testing, followed with quarantine of those who tested positive and tracing of those with whom the SARS-CoV-2 positive people had had contact, resulted in positive outcomes.
Kosala ba ekzame, na nsima kotya na quarantaine ya bato oyo baza na maladi mpe kolandela bato oyo bakutanaki na bato oyo bazali na SARS-COV-2, ebutaki mbuma malamu.
Researchers working in the Italian town of Vò, the site of the first COVID-19 death in Italy, conducted two rounds of testing on the entire population of about 3,400 people, about ten days apart.
Bato basalaka bolukiluki oyo bazosala na engumba Vò na Italie, na esika oyo moto ya liboso akufaki na COVID-19 na Italie, basalaka ba ekzame mbala mibale na bato nyonso pene ya 3 400, na eleko ya mikolo pene na zomi.
About half the people testing positive had no symptoms, and all discovered cases were quarantined.
Pene ya katikati ya bato bazalaki te na bilembo ya maladi, mpe bato nyonso oyo bakangaki bango na maladi, batyaki bango na quarantaine.
With travel to the commune restricted, this eliminated new infections completely.
Lokolo bapekisaki mobembo na esika wana, esalaki ete bato mosusu bazwa te maladi wana ata moke.
With aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore has proceeded much more slowly than in other developed countries, but without extreme restrictions like forced closure of restaurants and retail establishments.
Kolandela mpenza bato oyo bakutanaki na bato ya maladi, kopekisa mibembo, kosalisa ba ekzame, mpe kotya bato na quarantaine, coronavirisi 2020 na Singapour epanzanaki malamu koleka na mikili mosusu ya bobola, kasi kozanga bipekiseli ya makasi neti kokanga ba restaurant mpe bisika ya koteka.
Many events have been cancelled, and Singapore did start advising residents to stay at home on 28 March, but schools reopened on time after holiday break on 23 March.
Bakangi ba evenement mingi, mpe Singapour ebandi koyebisa bato bafanda na ndako na mokolo ya 28 sanza ya misato, kasi biteyelo bafungolaki na ntango ya feti ya mokolo ya 23 sanza ya misato.
Several other countries have also managed the pandemic with aggressive contact tracing, inbound travel restrictions, testing, and quarantining, but with less aggressive lock-downs, such as Iceland and South Korea.
Mikili mingi mosusu basalaka mpe makambo na makasi mpo na kobundisa maladi mabe oyo, balandelaki bato oyo bakutanaka na bato ya maladi, bapekisaki bato na kosala mibembo, basalaki ba ekzame, mpe batyaki bato na quarantaine kasi basusu basalaka te makambo na makasi na ndakisa Islande na Coree ya sude.
A statistical study has found that countries that have tested more, relative to the number of deaths, have much lower case fatality rates, probably because these countries are better able to detect those with only mild or no symptoms.
Bolukiluki oyo etaleli bansango emonaki ete mikili oyo esalisaka ba ekzame mingi, na oyo etali motango ya bato bakufi, bato mingi te bakufaki, mbala mosusu mikili wana bazalaki na makoki ya komona bato oyo bazalaki na bilembo ya moke to bazalaki na yango te.
WHO recommends that countries that do not have testing capacity and national laboratories with limited experience on COVID-19 send their first five positives and the first ten negative COVID-19 samples to one of the 16 WHO reference laboratories for confirmatory testing.
OMS elobi ete mikili oyo eza na makoki ya kosala ba ekzame mpe balaboratoire ya leta oyo eyebi malamu te COVID-19 batinda ba resultat ya liboso ya bato ya maladi mpe ba resultat zomi ya liboso ya bato oyo bamoni ete baza te na COVID-19 na moko ya balaboratoire 16 oyo OMS endimaka mpo batalela yango lisusu.
Out of the 16 reference laboratories, 7 are in Asia, 5 in Europe, 2 in Africa, 1 in North America and 1 in Australia.
Na kati ya balaboratoire 16 oyo endimama, 7 ezali na Asie, 5 na Eropa, 2 na Afrika, 1 na Amerique ya norde mpe 1 na Australie.
In the following chart, the column “Positive as % of tests” is influenced by the country's testing policy.
Na tableau elandi, molongo “% ya bato bakangi na maladi” esalemi na kolanda bibongiseli ya mokili wana ezwi mpo na kosala ba ekzame.
A country that only tests people admitted to hospitals will have a higher positive as % of tests than a country that tests all citizens, whether or not they are showing symptoms, other things being equal.
Mokili oyo ezosalisa ekzame kaka na bato oyo bakoti lopitalo ekozala na % ya mingi ya bato oyo bakangi na maladi koleka mikili oyo ezosalisa bato nyonso ekzame, eza baza na bilembo to baza na yango te.
Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands for the purpose of removing soil, grease, microorganisms, or other unwanted substances.
Kosokola maboko, oyo babengi mpe bopeto ya maboko, ezali kopetola maboko mpo na kolongola mabele, mafuta, mikrobe, mpe mbindo mosusu.
Hand washing with soap consistently at certain "critical moments" during the day prevents the spread of many diseases, for example diarrhoea and cholera, which are transmitted through fecal–oral route.
Kosokola maboko na sabuni mbala mingi na bantango “mosusu ya ntina” na mokolo ekangaka maladi nzela epanzana te na bato mingi, na ndakisa pulupulu, oyo eutaka na nyei mpe epesamaka na monoko.
People can also become infected with respiratory diseases such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth (i.e., mucous membranes).
Bato bakoki mpe kokoma na maladi ya kopema lokola grippe to maladi ya malili, na ndakisa, soki bazali kosokola maboko te liboso ya kosimba miso, zolo, to monoko (na ndakisa bisika oyo mayi ya nzoto elekaka).
The five critical moments during the day where washing hands with soap is important include: before and after defecation, after cleaning a child's bottom or changing nappies, before feeding a child, before eating and before and after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Bangonga mitano ya ntina mingi na mokolo ntango oyo kosokola maboko na sabuni ezali ntina ezali: liboso mpe nsima ya kosumba, nsima ya kopetola masoko ya mwana to kolongola kush, liboso ya koleisa mwana, liboso ya kolya mpe nsima ya kolamba bilei to kosimba mosuni ya mobesu, mbisi, to soso.
If water and soap are not available, hands can be cleaned with ash.The World Health Organization recommends washing hands:
Soki mai na sabuni ezali te, okoki kopetola maboko na putulu. Organisation mondiale ya Sante elendisi kosokola maboko:
Before, during, and after preparing food.
Liboso ya kolamba bilei, ntango ozali kolamba mpe na nsima.
Before and after caring for a sick person.
Liboso mpe nsima ya kosalisa moto ya maladi.
After changing the diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet.
Nsima ya kolongola mpe kolatisa mwana kush to kosokola mwana oyo auti na wese.
After blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing.
Nsima ya kosimba zolo, kokosola, to kosala itche.
After touching animal, animal feed, or animal waste.
Nsima ya kosimba banyama, bilei ya banyama, to bosoto ya banyama.
Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Bopeto ya maboko mpo na minganga ezali kotalela makambo ya bopeto na ntango ya kosala mosala ya monganga.
Hand washing before administering medicine or medical care can prevent or minimize the spread of disease.
Kosokola maboko liboso ya kopesa nkisi to ya kasalisa moto ya maladi ekoki kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te to epanzana mingi te.
The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) and chemicals which can cause harm or diseases.
Ntina ya makasi ya kosokola maboko mpo na minganga ezali mpona kolongola biloko mabe (mikrobe, bavirisi, to bamikrobe misusu ya moke oyo ekoki kopesa maladi) mpe biloko mosusu oyo ekoki kosala biso mabe to kopesa maladi.
This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public.
Eza ntina mingi mpo na bato oyo basimbaka bilei to basalaka mosala ya monganga, kasi ezali mpe ntina mpona bato nyonso.
Hand washing has many health benefits, including minimizing the spread of influenza, coronavirus, and other infectious diseases; preventing infectious causes of diarrhea; decreasing respiratory infections;
Kosokola maboko ezali na matomba ebele ya malamu mpona kolongono ya nzoto, na ndakisa kokitisa kopalangana ya grippe, ya coronavirisi, mpe ya maladi mosusu; kokanga nzela na biloko ememaka pulupulu; mpe kokitisa maladi ya mpema;
and reducing infant mortality rate at home birth deliveries.
mpe kokitisa motango ya liwa ya bana ya mike oyo babotamaka na ndako.
A 2013 study showed that improved hand washing practices may lead to small improvements in the length growth in children under five years of age.
Na 2013 bolukiluki moko oyo emonisaki ete ezaleli ya kosokola maboko ekoki kobongola mwa moke bokoli ya bana oyo bakokisi naino te mbula 5.
In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap.
Na mikili ya bobola, motango ya liwa ya bana oyo bakufaka na maladi ya mpema mpe na pulupulu ekoki kokita kaka soki tobongoli bizaleli, na ndakisa kosokola maboko na sabuni.
This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50%.
Likambo oyo ya moke ekoki kokitisa motango ya liwa ya bana na maladi oyo na pene ya 50%.
Interventions that promote hand washing can reduce diarrhoea episodes by about a third, and this is comparable to providing clean water in low income areas.
Misala oyo ezali kolendisa kosokola maboko ekoki kokotisa maladi ya pulupulu mbala misato, mpe ezali ntina ndenge moko na kopesa mai ya peto na mikili ya bobola.
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
48% ya kokita ya maladi ya pulupulu ekoki kouta na kosokola maboko na sabuni. Kosokola maboko na sabuni lolenge ya pete koleka mpe ya ntalo mingi te ya kokanga nzela na maladi neti pulupulu mpe maladi ya mpema (ARI), ezali ezaleli ya ntina oyo tosengeli kozala na yango na bandako, na biteyelo, mpe na bisika nyonso na mokili mobimba.
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
Pneumonie maladi makasi ya ARI, ezali maladi ya liboso oyo ebomaka bana mingi oyo bazali na mbu nse ya mitano, ebomaka bana pene ya 1.8 milio mbula nyonso.
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
Pulupulu na pneumonie ebomaka bana pene ya 3,5 milio mbula nyonso.
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
UNICEF alobi ete, kokomisa kosokola maboko na sabuni liboso ya kolya mpe nsima ya kouta na wese bizaleli ya kati na biso ekoki kobikisa bato mingi koleka mangwele to nkisi nyonso, ekokitisa motango ya bato bazali kokufa na pulupulu na katikati mpe bato bazali kokufa na maladi makasi ya mpema na ndambo moko na kati ya minei.
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
Kosokola maboko ezalaka mingimingi elongo na baprograme mosusu ya kosalela mai, kopetola mpe kolongono ya nzoto (KOSOKOLA).
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
Kosokola maboko ebatelaka mpe na impetigo oyo epesamaka soki bato basimbani.
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
Mabe moko kaka ya kosokola maboko ezali ete kosokola maboko mbala mingi ekoki kobebisa mposo ya nzoto mpe ekoki kokausa yango.
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
Bolukiluki moko ya Danemark ya 2012 emonaki ete kolekisa ndelo na kosokola maboko ekoki kopesa mokosa, kolongola bamposo na maboko oyo ebengami eczema to dermatite ya maboko, oyo ekomelaka mingi minganga.
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Kosokola maboko koleka ndelo ezali mpe moko ya bilembo ya maladi ebengami maladi ya likama ya motungisi (OCD).
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Ezali na bantango mitano ya ntina na moko oyo kosokola maboko na sabuni ezali ntina mingi mpo na kokitisa motango ya kopesa maladi longwa na nyei ekota na monoko: nsima ya kouta na wese (kosuba, kosumba), nsima ya kosokola mwana masoko (kolongola mpe kolatisa kush), liboso ya koleisa mwana, liboso ya kolya mpe liboso/nsima ya kolamba bilei to ya kosimba mosuni ya mobesu, to soso.
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
Mabaku mosusu ntango oyo kosokola maboko malamu esengeli kozala ezaleli mpo na kokanga maladi nzela ya kopanzana ezali kosokola maboko liboso mpe nsima ya kosalisa mpota; nsima ya kosala itye, ya kokosola, ya kosimba zolo; nsima ya kosimba bosoto ya banyama to ya kosimba banyama; mpe nsima ya kosimba bosoto.
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
Na mikili mingi, bato mingi te basokolaka maboko na sabuni.
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
Bolukiluki moko na ntina ya kosokola maboko oyo esalemaki na mikili 54 na 2015 emonisi ete, bandako 38,7% basokolaka maboko na sabuni. Na 2014 bolukiluki moko emonisaki ete Arabie Saudite eza na motango makasi 97 pourcent; États-Unis ezalaki pene ya kati na 77 pourcent; mpe Chine na nse makasi na 23 pourcent. Misala mingi ezali lelo oyo ebongoli bizaleli ya kosokola maboko na mai mpe sabuni na bantango ya ntina. Kosokola maboko elongo moko mpo na bana ya kelasi na bangonga oyo etyama na mokolo ezali likanisi moko na mikili ya bobola mpo na kokotisa yango na bizaleli ya bana.
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education.
“Programe ya Ntina mpo na Kolongono ya Nzoto” oyo emekamaki Minstere ya Mateya ya Philippines eza ndakisa ya misala mpona kokolisa kolongono ya nzoto ya bana mpe kotanga na bango.
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
Kolongola misopo mbala mibale na mbula, elongo moko na kosokola maboko mikolo nyonso na sabuni, kosokola mino mikolo nyonso na nkisi ya mino, ezali makambo ya ntina mingi ya programe ya mboka.
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
Basi basalela yango na Indonésie mpe ebimisa mbuma kitoko.
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
Kolongola mikrobe na mposo ya nzoto esalemaka malamu soki babakisa kosalela sabuni to nkisi ya koboma mikrobe na mai.
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
Mosala makasi ya sabuni mpe bankisi ya bopeto ezali mpona kofungola nzela ya kosalisa, mpe komatisa makasi na yango.
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
Kaka mai mpe ekoki kopetola malamu mposo ya nzoto mpo mafuta na baproteine, oyo bazali ya mabele, mai ekokaka te koboma yango na kati ya mayi.
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
Kasi, kopetolama esalemaka malamu soki babakiseli yango mai oyo ekoki.
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
Sabuni ya makasi, mpo bakoki kosalela yango lisusu, ekoki kozala na mikrobe euti na bato basalelaki yango liboso.
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
Mwa ndambo ya bolukiluki oyo esalemaki mpo na komona ndenge sabuni ya makasi elekisaka mikrobe na bato mosusu elobaki ete ekoki te kopesa mikrobe mpo bapangusaka mikrobe na fulufulu.
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable".
Kasi, CDC elobi ete “sabuni ya mai oyo ezangi esika ya kosimba ezali malamu mingi mpo na kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te.”
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
Bato mingi balobi ete ezali malamu bato oyo bakipaka kolongono ya nzoto basalela sabuni oyo ezali na nkisi ebomaka mikrobe.
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
Na mokolo ya lelo, eza na elembeli moko te ezali komonisa ete bazali kolendisa bato na kosalela antiseptique to nkisi ya koboma mikrobe oyo bapona mpona koboma mikrobe oyo ya mokili
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
Kasi, mbala mingi sabuni ezali na nkisi ebomaka mikrobe ezalaka na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe neti triclosan, oyo ezali na mingi ya bamikrobe balendaka na mokili.
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
Yango wana, ata soki ba antibiotique oyo elendaka eponami te na sabuni ezali na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe, ntango mosusu ezalaka makasi te ndenge elibami.
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
Longola biloko ya likolo mpe oyo ebatelaka mposo ya nzoto, bankisi ya mindondo ekoki kozala na aside (aside asetique, aside ascrobique, aside lastique) neti ebongiselo ya pH, aside benzoique oyo ebomaka mikrobe, mpe biloko mosusu elembisaka mposo ya nzoto (aloe vera, bavitamine, menthole, biloko euti na banzete). Bolukiluki ya Université ya Oregon ya Kolongono ya nzoto ya bato nyonso emonisi ete sabuni oyo ezali kati na biso esalisaka mingi ndenge moko na sabuni ezali na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe ezalaka na triclosan mpona kobundisa maladi mpe kolongola mikrobe na maboko.
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
Mai ya moto ya kosokola maboko oyo ezali na moto makasi te ebomaka mikrobe te.
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
Mikrobe ekolaka noki na nzoto oyo ezali na temperature ya (37 °C).
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
Kasi, mai ya moto, oyo ezali na sabuni esalisaka mingi kolongola mafuta mpe mabele mpe mikrobe koleka mai ya malili.
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
Kasi na kokesena na makanisi ya bato mingi, bolukiluki ya bato ya siansi emonisi ete kosalela mai ya moto esalisaka te na kolongola mikrobe na maboko.
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
Nkisi ya kopetola maboko to antiseptique ya maboko eza nkisi ya kopetola maboko oyo esalelaka mai te.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
Na nsuka ya mibu 1990 mpe na ebandeli ya siekle ya 21, nkisi ya kopetola maboko oyo esalelaka mai te (oyo babengaka mpe alcol ya kopetola maboko, antiseptique ya maboko, to nkisi ya maboko, ebandaki kosalelama mingi.
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
Mingi basalaka yango na alcol isopropyle to ethanole elongo na eloko neti Carbomer (polymer ya aside acrylique) na gel, to humectant na ndakisa glycerine na mai, to fulufulu mpo na kosalela yango malamu mpe kolembisa makasi ya kokausa ya alcol.
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
Kobakisa hydrogene-peroxide ya maimai ematisaka mosala ya nkisi ebomaka mikrobe. Nkisi ya koboma mikrobe oyo ezali na alcol 60 kino 95% ezali makasi na koboma mikrobe.
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
Nkisi ya koboma mikrobe ezali na alcol ebomaka mikrobe, mikrobe oyo ekufaka te na nkisi ya mbuma (MRSA mpe VRE), tuberculose, mpe bavirisi mosusu (ata mpe SIDA, herpes, RSV, rhinovirisi, mangwele, grippe mpe hepatite) mpe champignon.
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Nkisi ya kopetola maboko oyo ezali na alcol 70% ebomaka 99,97% (ekitisaka log na 3,5, mpe ekotisaka decibel na 35) ya mikrobe na maboko basegonde 30 nsima ya kosalela yango mpe 99,99% kino na 99,999% (ekitisaka log na 4 kino 5) ya mikrobe na maboko miniti 1 nsima ya kosalela yango. Nkisi ya kopetelo maboko ezali makasi mingi na koboma mikrobe kasi ezali makasi te na koboma bavirisi mosusu.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Nkisi ya kopetola maboko oyo ezali na alcol ekokaka ata moke te bavirisi ebengami norovirisi (to Norwalk), oyo epanzaka mbala mingi mikrobe na misopo. Esengeli kosala antiseptique to alcol ya kosokola maboko na mingi oyo ekopɔlisa mpenza maboko nyonso mibale to ekotonda likolo na yango.
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Liboso mpe nsima ya maboko nyonso mibale mpe katikati ya maboko mpe kosokola bansuka ya manzaka na basegonde 30 kino mai, fulufulu to gel ekokauka.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Esengaka kosokola mpe nsonge ya manzaka, kokutanisa yango na maboko nyonso mibale. Centre ya États-Unis mpona kolandela maladi mpe kobatela yango elobi ezali malamu mingi kosokola maboko na esika ya kosalela nkisi ya kopetola maboko, mingimingi soki maboko ezali mpenza mbindo.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
Bato bazali kosalela mingi nkisi ya mai ya kopetola maboko mpo ezali pete na kosalela mpe ebomaka mikrobe noki; kasi, tokoki kosalela yango te na esika ya kosokola maboko malamu na mai, kasi tokosalela yango kaka soki mai na savon ezali te.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Kosalela mbala mingi nkisi ya kopetola maboko ezali na alcol ekoki kokausa mposo ya nzoto longola kaka soki babakisa na kati na yango biloko ekomisaka maboko sembesembe.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Bakoki kolembisa to kolongola makasi ya alcol ya kokausa maboko soki babakisi glycerine mpe/to biloko mosusu oyo ekomisaka maboko sembesembe.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
Na ntango ya komeka mangwele na bato, bankisi ya kopetola maboko esalemi na alcol oyo ezali na biloko ekomisaka maboko pete, esalaki mokusa moke na mposo ya nzoto mpe ekausaki maboko mingi te neti basavon to bankisi oyo ebomaka mikrobe.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Mbala mingi mposo ya nzoto ekomaki te motane, ebimisaki te bambuma mpe eboyaki te bankisi esalemi na alcol to oyo batyaki bilangwiseli mosusu.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Bato bakomaki kosepela mingi na kosalela bankisi oyo ekomisaka te mposo ya nzoto motane kasi te sabuni na mai mpo na kosokola maboko.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
Ata ezali makasi, bankisi ya kopela maboko oyo ezali na mai elongolaka te na maboko na biloko ya organique, kasi epetolaka yango kaka.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Yango wana bankisi ya kopetola maboko ezali kosalisama mingi te soki tokokanisi yango na sabuni mpe mai mpo na kokanga mikrobe mingi nzela epanzana te, mpo mikrobe etikalaka na maboko.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Makasi ya bankisi ya kopetola maboko ezangi alcol eutaka mingi na biloko babakisaka na kati mpe na ndenge basalaka yango, mpe emonani ete eleki te nkisi ezali na alcol mpe oyo ezali na ntuku nsambo ya alcol.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Kala mingi te, bankisi oyo batyaka chlorure ya benzalkonium ezalaki koboma mpenza mikrobe nsima ya kopakola yango, na bokeseni na alcol, oyo emonanaki ete makasi na yango esilaka soki basaleli yango mingi, mbala mosusu mpo ezalaka na ba matoma mingi na mposo ya nzoto.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Na bisika ya bobola, bato bakoki kosomba sabuni mpe kosalela putulu to mabele na esika na yango.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Putulu to mabele ekoki kozala makasi mingi koleka mai yango moko, kasi ezali makasi te neti sabuni.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Eloko moko ezali kotungisa ezali ete soki mabele to putulu ezali na mikrobe ekoki kosala maladi epanzana mingi na esika ya kokanga yango nzela epanzana mingi te.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Neti sabuni, putulu ezali mpe epetolaka mpo soki esangani na mai, esalaka solution ya alkaline.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
OMS ezali kolendisa kosalela putulu to zelo na esika ya sabuni soki sabuni ezali te.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Mayele ebongi ya kosokola maboko elendisami na bacentre ya kobatela maladi ya États-Unis mpo kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te ezali oyo elandi:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Kopolisa maboko na mai ya moto to ya malili oyo ezali kotambola.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
Balobaki kosalela mai ezali kotambola mpo basani oyo efandi esika moko ekoki kozala na mikrobe, mpe temperature ya mai ezali na ntina moko te.
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Kopolisa maboko na kopakolaka yango sabuni mingi, ata mpe na nsima ya maboko, na kati ya misapi, mpe na nse ya manzaka.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Sabuni ebomaka mikrobe na mposo ya nzoto, mpe bolukiluki emonisi ete mbala mingi bato basokolaka maboko malamumalamu mpe ngonga molai soki soki sabuni esalemi aski kasi te soki basaleli mai yango moko.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Pakola sabuni ata mpo na basegonde 20.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Kosala bongo esalisaka na kolongola mikrobe na mposo ya nzoto, mpe kopokola ntango molai ebomaka mikrobe mingi.
Rinse well under running water.
Pangusa maboko malamu na mai oyo ezali kobima.