atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
We intend to capture the following.
Toza na likanisi ya kosala makambo oyo.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Misala ya minganga na oyo etali barapore COVID-19 na kosalela bakode mpo na kotya bilembo na bato oyo baza na yango, balongoli bato oyo bazolandela mpe esika oyo maladi ezali (Figures 2-​-44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Mikili ya bapaya oyo bakendaki kotala na mikolo 28 oyo eleki
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Bakode oyo ezali oyo ekoki kozala na ntina (Batablo 1-​-3).3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
Mbala mosusu ba GPs mingi mpe ba-ekipe ya premiers soins bazoyeba te bakoki kosala bakode ya bansango ya ntina.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Eza mpe na likoki ete na ntango ya maladi mabe, ya kolandela bokasi ya mwango nyonso ezwami mpo na kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Balettre ya malamu ya kosalela na kode mpe résultat ya ekzame oyo ekomonisa maladi ekoki kondimisama to kolongolama
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Bametode ekolanda mayele basalelaki na kokengela grippe ya sika mpe bolukiluki ya serologie, ata mpe makambo mitano: (1) kokengela ya premiers soins; (2) kokengela virisi ; (3) kokengela serologie ya bato; (4) bato oyo bazobika na sera; mpe (5) kosangisa bansango.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS esalelaka lolenge babongisa ya kolimbola maloba ya kimonganga (SNOMED CT) systeme ya bakode, oyo batyaka yango ya sika mbala mibale mpamba na mbula.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Ezalaki na mindondo mpo bansango mosusu ya makambo ya monganga (CMR) oyo esalelaka systeme ya bakode ya kotanga (Tanga maloba ya kimonganga version ya 3 – CTv3), oyo bakotisaka lisusu te makambo ya sika.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Lisusu, ezalaki te na bakode ya lopitalo mpo na kosala rapore ya COVID-19 na ebandeli ya sanza ya mibale 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Yango wana, lolenge mibale ya minene ya kopesa GP ebakisa maloba mitano na Tablo 4 neti systeme ya bakode ya mboka.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Mayele ya makambo ya mbalakaka ya Royaume-Uni ya SNOMED CT mpo na COVID-19, batyaki yango na nsima na basysteme CMR nyonso (Tablo 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Likanisi eza ete tokotya makambo oyo na karte ya sika ya mayele ya SNOMED CT ntango ekoyebana, ekosalisa kokoma bansango ya ntina (Appendice ya Multimedia 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Makambo ya ntina mpo na kobimisa bansango oyo eza makoki ya kosalela bakode (Tablo 4) ya bato ya COVID-19, kozala na likama ya kozwa maladi (kosala mobemba na esika oyo likama ekoki kosala makasi), kokutana na moto oyo azali na COVID-19, nsango emonisi ete bakangi moto moko maladi ya COVID-19, mpe ete maladi eza lisusu te (mbala mosusu bazwi ye maladi te).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Lisusu, mayele eza deja ya kotya bakode na mopaya nyonso oyo azosala mobembo, ata mpe makoki ya koyeba ete moto akendaki na mikili mingi (bakomaki yango na mokolo ya 8 sanza ya mibale 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Mitango 2-​-44 ezomonisa ndenge site internet EMIS esalaki yango.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Sikoyo, bandakisa ya kokengela bavirisi ya grippe eza elongo na formilere moko ya bosengi oyo basi babongisa.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
Mpo na COVID-19, tokosala formilere ya sika ya bosengi mpe tokokoma kuna:
Date of onset of symptoms
Date oyo bilembo ebandaki komonana
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Diagnostic ya moko ya makambo oyo:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Bronchite/bronchiolite ya makasi na bana bakokisi nanu te mibu mitano
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Maladi ya nzela ya kopema ya nse (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Lisolo ya fievre (Y/N); oyo bameki (Y/N); soki eza, nivo
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Mpema mokuse (Y/N), soki bameki: kozanga oxygene mpe ndenge ozopemela
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Kosala mobembo sika (Y/N); soki ee, mikili oyo okendaki na mikolo 14 euti koleka
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Kokutana na moto moko oyo aza na maladi ya COVID-19(Y/N) lobela mwa moke soki eza mpenza solo
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Tokosangisa bakode oyo na ndenge ya ebengami ontologie na liboke “endimisami”, “mbala mosusu”, “ekoki kozala”, mpe “eza yango te” na kolanda mayele na biso ya kosangisa bakode (Tablo 5), oyo tosi tosalelaki mpo na bamaladi.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Ndimbola ya RCGP RSC mpo na ILI emonisami na Appendice ya Multimedia 2.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Lolenge ya kotya bansango na kolanda makambo tomomi mpe Tablo
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Tokobimisa mayele moko mpo na kobimisa bansango ya mokili mpe tablo mpo na kozwa makanisi ya bato na oyo etali ndenge tozosalela bansango na bango mpe ndenge tozozwa bandakisa ya bavirisi mpe serologie.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Esalemi na kolanda bakode tolimboli na Tablo 4.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Bato oyo bayebani ete baza na maladi, na tablo tokokoma “bato” ya COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Bato oyo bakoki kozala na yango, tokokoma “Tozolandela” (kolandela).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
Mpo na “eza yango te” tokoloba “Tolongoli”.
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Totye bansango na internet na kolanda botaleli ya bamposo moke ya ebandeli ya COVID-19 Oyo tomoni (Motango 5), ezomonisa bato nyonso ya maladi mpe taux na kotalela bato ya maladi 10 000 oyo baza na yango to oyo tozolandela, ata mpe baoyo tolongola virisi na nzoto.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Toza na likoki ya kokoma kosala rapore ya kokengela mbala mibale na mposo na likanisi oyo kobanda kosala yango mokolo na mokolo.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Tokokoba kotalela bandakisa ya bavirisi na kolanda mayele na biso ya kolandela, na esika ya kotika yango ntango grippe ebimaka mbala na mbala elembi.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Lisusu, tokozwa na mosala bato mingi ya kokengela.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Mosala ya RCGP RSC mpo na bavirisi eza na likanisi ya kozwa bilembo na zolo ya bato 200-300 mposo nyonso na nzela ya lisanga na biso ya RCGP RSC, tokozwa yango na bato ya mbula nyonso.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Longola kobakisa ba critere mpo na kokengela virisi ya grippe (ILI, bronchite/bronchiolite ya makasi), bato oyo bazosangana na bokengeli bakozwa bilembo na zolo na moto nyonso oyo aza na bilembo ya maladi makasi ya mpema LRTI soki eza na eleko ya mikolo 7 banda bilembo ebandaki komonana.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Bakonzi ya bolukiluki ya RCGP RSC mpe bato basalisaka bango bakokamba bato oyo bazosangana mpo na kokokisa mokano ya bato 200-300 na mboka mobimba na mposo moko.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Ekoki kokoma mingi soki bakambi ya PHE basengi bandakisa mingi.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Ba echantilon euti na moto nyonso azosangana ekokabolama na bituluku ya bambula oyo: &lt; mibu 5, mibu 5-17, mibu 18-64, mpe mibu 65 mpe koleka
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Ba echantillon (ecouvillon to serum) oyo bazwi ekotindama na nzela ya ba-amvelope basi bafutela mbongo oyo ekokende na laboratoire PHE mpo na ekzame.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Ba echantillon oyo bazwi, bakomeka yango mpo na koyeba soki eza na grippe to COVID-19.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Lisusu, PHE ekozongela baekzame ya ba echantillon nyonso oyo bazwaki mpo na grippe oyo bazwaki banda ebandeli mpe katikati ya sanza ya mibale 2020 mpo na COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Bato bazosangana bakokoka kosalela malako oyo PHE ebimisa mpo na COVID-19 na oyo etali bato oyo baza na likama ya kozwa malamu oyo basengeli kotya bango bilembo mpo na kobatela bango, olie ya baya bango moko na ekzame.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Ndingisa ezali ya kolanda kosala ekzame na bato oyo bayei mpo na lipaso, kasi topekisa kosala ekzame ya bilembo ya mongongo yo moko na ndako.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Bokuse ya bametode elimbolami na Appendice ya Multimedia 3.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Moto nyonso oyo aza na ILI to maladi ya mpema oyo akutani na GP (na ndakisa, kozwa rendez-vous na telefone) bakotuna malamu soki asalaki kala te mobembo na Chine mpe na mikili mosusu oyo batye bilembo na toli ya sika ya PHE, to soki bakutanaki na bato mosusu oza baza na COVID-19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Soki ba ekzame oyo emonisi ete maladi eza, bakoyebisa moto wana aya te ye moko kasi asala makambo ndenge PHE alimboli yango.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Ekoki kozala na moto asalaka na reception moto ya lopitalo, na kotalela malako bapesa mpo na moto mokomoko.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Basengeli kokotisa masolo wana na systeme ya GP CMR mpe bakoki kokotisa yango na rapore ya mposo na mposo ya RCGP RSC.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Tobongisa mateya ya kopesa formation mpo na kosalela bakode wana (Appendice Multimedia 4).
These include prompt cards for:
Etali mpe bakarte ya kosenga kopesa biyano mpo na:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Bato bayambaka bato to bato baponaka: mpo na bakode ya moto nyonso ya maladi oyo azobenga mpe aza na bilembo ya maladi makasi ya mpema, mpe eybani ete asalaka mobembo na bisika ya ntina na kotalela toli ya PHE
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Bakonzi to minganga oyo bazotia kode: mpo na kolendisa na kosala bakode ya malamu ya ba resultat ya bato oyo bakoki kozala na maladi, ata mpe ya bato oyo baza na yango te mpo na kolongola yango
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Bato bazosangana na bokengeli ya virisi bakozala na libaku ya kozwa ba echantillon ya makila ya bato oyo bayei mpo na ekzame na bango moko ya makila.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Bato ya maladi oyo bazoya na bokutani na bango ya normal mpo na ekzame ya makila, basengeli kotuna bango bapesa echantillon mosusu mpo na serologie.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Tosalaki bolukiluki ya liboso na bansango ya TRCGP RSC mpo na kotala motango nyonso ya resultat ya makila (FBC) mpe taux nyonso na mikolo mpe bana (Mitango 6-​-9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC eza moko ya ba ekzame oyo basalaka mingi, mpe tozolikya ete ekosalisa na koyeba motango ya ba ekzame nyonso ya makila oyo basali.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Taux ya ba echantillon, na kotalela bato ya maladi 100 000 ezali na likolo mingi mpo na bana ya mibu 15-17 mpe mikolo ya mibu 60 to koleka, taux ya nse ezalaki na bana ya mibu 0-4 mpe na mikolo ya mibu 18-29 (Mitango 6-​-99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Tokopesa ba echantillon 1000 ya serologie na bato ya bambula nyonso oyo ezomonisa bokeseni ya taux ya bato oyo bayaki na kolanda mbula na bango.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Lisusu, tokomeka kotala soki kozwa makambo wana nyonso etali bavirisi ekosalisa mpo na kobongisa rendement.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Kopanzana ya makasi na esika bato bafandi eza ntina, yango wana PHE akoki kopesa toli na bisika oyo bakoki mpenza kozwa serologie.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Na nsima na yango, tokosalela ba echantillon 800 sanza nyonso.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Echantillon ekotyama na bituluku ya 200 mpo na anketi oyo ekosalema liboso ya maladi mabe (100 na sanza) na bituluku ya mbula oyo elandi: &lt; mibu 5, mibu 5-17, mibu 18-64, mpe mibu 65 mpe koleka.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Bato ya maladi oyo baza bilenge, mbala mingi bazalaki na nse ya mibu 14, mpe na bana nyonso oyo bakokisaki nanu te mibu 8, ekosenga bokengeli ya serologie mpo na bana.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Tokosala formilere ya sika ya bosengi mpo na koyeba bisika ya sika oyo moto akendaki mobembo mpe soki akutanaki na moto to bato ya COVID-19.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Tokokamba misala ya kosangisa serologie ya bato bazobika na bato oyo babelaki mpenza mpe oyo bazwaki bango echantillon ya virisi ya makasi na ntango bazalaka kobela.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Eza mpo na koyeba lolenge virisi yango eza na bato oyo basi babika na virisi wana kasi bakoki kolanda kopanza yango.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Soki motango ya bato eza moke mpenza, ekoki kosalisa na kosala eloko ya kosalela ekzame mpo bato ya maladi basala GP na bango bango moko mpe kotala soki bato ya maladi bakoki kozwa yango.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Soki bato oyo bazobela COVID-19 baza mingi na mokili moko, bakoki kozwa ba echantillon ya bato bazobika na RCGP RSC esika baza na bankombo ya bato oyo baza na yango mpenza, mpe baza na makoki ya kotala dosie mobimba ya makambo ya monganga.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Ekoki kosenga kotalela motango ya NHS mpo na bato oyo bakanga maladi epai ya lisanga RCGP RSC, kotalela litambwisi ya sika ya PHE na oyo etali kotalela bato oyo baza mpenza na maladi, mpe kopesa bato ya maladi rendez-vous na kolanda metode tolobeli likolo.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Esengeli balandela yango malamu na mboka mobimba na nzela ya resaux mpe ekoki kosenga ete PHE etalela soki masanga mingi ezoluka te kokutana na bato.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC ekoki kobimisa mwango mpo na kolandela bokutani ya liboso nsima ya lisengi ya PHE.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Bato ya RCGP RSC oyo basanganaka na bokengeli ya mbula na mbula ya virisi ya grippe babandi kozwa ba echantillon ya bato ya maladi oyo baza na bilembo ya LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Ba echantillon nyonso oyo tozwaki bazosala yango ekzame mpo na koyeba soki eza na grippe mpe COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC ekoluka lolenge ya kosangisa ba echantillon ya bato oyo baza na kobika ya bato nyonso oyo bakangaki maladi ya COVID-19 na nzela ya bokengeli ya molai ya virisi.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Banda na ebandeli, tokotalela malamu bansango mpo na koyeba soki ekosalisa mpenza na bolukiluki na mikolo ezoya.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Bansango oyo toza na yango toko lier yango na virologie.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Tokobongisa bansango na biso na kolanda mitinda ekoki kozwama, ekoki komonana, ekoki kokabolama, ekoki kosalelama.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Mpo na kolembisa mosala, totye bansango elongo na bansango ya bolukiluki ya kolongono ya nzoto ya Royaume-Uni mpe resaux ya bilembetli ya bansango ya kolongono ya nzoto ya Eropa.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Metode oyo ya kozwa bansango esimbami na mayele ya kolandela kopanzana ya maladi, esika oyo babengaka intervention nonpharmaceutique (NPIs) esalelamaka mpo na kobundisa maladi mabe ya mbalakaka na likanisi ya kosilisa yango.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Mokano ya mayele oyo eza ya kokitisa taux na kati ya bato mpe kosala ete virisi epanzana mingi.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Mpo na kosalela yango, guvernema ya Royaume-Uni emonisaki kala te mposa ya komeka mayele ya kosalisa bato bamifandela.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Na kolandelaka motango ya kobotama (R) (moyene ya bato oyo bazozwa maladi mpe kopesa yango na bato mosusu) mpe koluka kokitisa R na nse ya 1, mayele oyo ezoluka kokitisa motango na nse ya banivo to (ndenge tomonaki na virisi ya sika ya maladi makasi ya mpema mpe Ebola) mpo na kokanga nzela ete bato bapesa yango te na bato mosusu.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Ndenge makambo esalemaki na maladi ya 2009 H1N1 emonisi yango, NPIs ekoki kosalisa mingi na kolembisa maladi mabe.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Eloko ekosalisa biso mingi na bolukiluki oyo eza ntango oyo bato mingi mpenza bakozwa maladi mpe kokoba kolandela yango na kozwaka bansango mpe kolandela bokoli na yango mpe ntango mosusu oyo bato mingi mpenza bakozwa yango na ntango tozolongola mibeko ya komifandela.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Mikanda mingi esi ebimi oyo ezolobela ntina ya kotya mibeko kokanga virisi nzela na oyo etali kobima ya COVID-19 mokili Chine.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Mwango mosusu ya ntina mpo na kobundisa maladi mabe eza eleko oyo moto azwaka virisi kino ntango oyo moto yango akomaka na likoko ya kopesa yandi na basusu mpe eleko oyo azalaka kaka na likoki ya kopesa basusu.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Makambo oyo, soki totaleli yango malamumalamu, ekosalisa na koyeba malamu ntango oyo maladi mabe ekoumela, motango ya nsuka ya bato oyo bazwi maladi yango.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Toza na likanisi ya kosalela bosukisi ya Bayesian (ABC) na (mbala mosusu bokeseni ya monene) Oyo bakoki kozwa yango -Oyo bakutanaki na bato baza na yango- Oyo bazwi maladi-Oyo balongoli yango (SEIR) lolenge ya kolandela maladi oyo eyebani mpenza te.
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Mayele ya boye ekoki kosalisa na kosala bokokanisi mpe basi basalela yango na ba domaine mingi ata mpe na koyeba ndenge maladi elongwaka na moto moko mpe epesamaka na moto mosusu.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Ebongi mpenza na ntango oyo mosala na yango ezala te mpe ezosenga kosalela mayele ya kala na ndakisa na Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Emonana ete mayele ya boye esimbaka na bokengeli ya bansango ya ASPREN, reseaux moko oyo elandelaka GPs mpe ba-infirmier oyo basalaka rapore ya ba ILIS oyo bamoni mpe ya maladi mosusu, mpe kuna basi balonga kosilisa makambo neti kobungisa bansango mpe ntina ya kobongisa lolenge ya kosala botaleli.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Lisusu, bametode ya kokabola esi eyeba ntango oyo bato mingi mpenza bazwaka maladi.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Tokoki koyeba ba parametre ya lolenge ya SEIR na bansango ya mingi mpo na metode ya bokokanisi, mpe bametode oyo basi basalela yango na babiblioteke mingi ya R; toza na likanisi ya kosalela babiblioteke ABSEIR (oyo batyaka na GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) mpe bisaleli abc (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) mpo na kolandela mposa nyonso mibeko batye mpo na kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Banda tosalelala modele ya SIR ya maladi mabe na kolanda ABC, tozokanisa ete ekosalisa mpo bansango ya sika oyo tokozwa mposo nyonso ezala moke mpenza.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Na ndakisa, tala metode ABC oyo basalelaki na bansango ya maladi ya malili ebengami Tristan da Cunha ya mobu 1967, esika motango I (motango ya bato bazwi maladi wana) mpe R (motango ya bato oyo babiki) eza mbala mingi bazomi.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Na nsuka, longola metode touti kolobela, tokosalela metode ya Kaplan-Meier na ba résultat mibale (bato bakufi mpe bato babiki) mpo na koyeba taux ya liwa.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Mayele oyo eza na boyokani te na metode ABC mpe ekosalisa na kosala bokesenisi na kati ya motango euti na bametode mibale ya koyeba bokasi ya ba résultat.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Bokengeli ya RCGP RSC elongo na PHE eza libateli ya kolongono ya nzoto na kolanda mobeko 3 ya misala ya kolongono ya nzoto (Kobatela bansango ya moto ya maladi) Mibeko ya 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Yango endimisama na biro ya PHE Caldicott Guardian.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Tozomona te bokoli ata ya likama moko na ndenge minganga to ba infirmier ya sika bazosangana na bokengeli oyo.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Kokanga maladi nzela mpe batoli ya kobatela yango ekosalema na kolanda litambwisi ya mboka.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Lokola tokolandela maladi nyonso oyo emonani na kolandela litambwisi ya PHE/NHS oyo tozosalela sikoyo, ata mpe batoli mpo na koyeba ndenge bato oyo bakutanaki.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Kasi, formation na biso ekozala mpe na makundoli etali kosalela ba echantillon na bokengi mpe ete mwango ya kolandela maladi ezala likolo mingi epai ya minganga na biso.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
Eza eteni ya ntina ya Mobeko 12 oyo ezolobela kosalisa bato ya maladi na bokengi; balandelaka yango mbala na mbala na departema elandelaka makambo ya kosalisa bato ya maladi.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Lisolo ya mobembo mpe ndenge ya kolimbola maladi ya COVID-19
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
Bayebisi bato ya RCGP RSC oyo bazosala bakode ya bansango ya bato ya maladi ete basi babimisi yango mpo na COVID-19 na ba systeme nyonso ya CMR.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Etaleli mpe bansango ya kotya bakode na ba echantillon ya bato ya maladi (Tablo 4) mpe mobembo nyonso asalaki kala te.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Kokomisa molai virologie ya ba echantillon
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
Bato ya RCGP RSC oyo basanganaka na bokengeli ya mbula na mbula ya virisi ya grippe, babandi kozwa ba echantillon ya bato ya maladi oyo baza na bilembo ya LRTI.
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Yango esalisa na kobanda koyeba esika maladi ebandaki kokotela bato ya maladi oyo baza na likama mingi te.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
Na mokolo ya 7 sanza ya nsambo 2020, systeme ya bokengeli ekangaki bato 2 oyo bazalaki na COVID-19 oyo bazalaki na likama mingi mpe basala te mobembo mingi, tomonaka yango na nzela ya echantillon ya bato ya maladi.
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
Metode oyo ezolimbola ndenge tomesana na systeme ya bokengeli ya grippe mpo na kolandela kopanzana ya COVID-19 na ndenge eyebani te.
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
Tosali na lombango mpe tokotisa bakode ya sika mpo esalisa biso na kokoma bansango, mpe tosangisaka bansango mpo na koyeba bokasi ya mibeko ezwami oyo ezosenga bato bamifandela.
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
Na nzela ya bokengeli oyo, likanisi na biso eza ya koyeba makambo mingi etali maladi COVID-19 na esika ebengami soins ambulatoire.
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
Mingimingi, taux ya kopanzana na yango, na mokili mpe na bamboka.
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
Kosala baekzame na bato ya maladi oyo baza na likama mingi te eyebisaka mpe soki mayele ya kosenga bato bamifandela oyo esimbami na kosala ekzame na bato ya maladi oyo baza na likama ya makasi mpe bato bakutanaki na bango mpe ete komifandela ezobota mbuma.
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
Komifandela esalaka ete epanzana mingi te, mpe bokengeli ya makasi ya kopanzana ya maladi ekoki kozala na matomba mingi.
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
Kasi, ekoki kozala na ntango oyo virisi ezopanzana mingi na kati ya bato, ndenge esalemaki na Italie.
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
Kokengela bato ya maladi oyo baza na likama mingi te esengeli koyebisa ntango tokomi na eleko oyo wana mpe ntango taux ya maladi ebandi kokita.
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
Maladi ya COVID-19 eza kaka makasi.
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
Ndenge bazokomisa bansango ya premiers soins na Royaume-Uni elimboli ete tokoyeba malamu motango nyonso ya bato oyo bazwi maladi mpe ntango oyo esali.
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
Ebongiseli ya kokengela esengeli kokoka koyeba bisika oyo COVID-19 ezopanzana oyo ebongi mpo na komeka mangwele na yango na bato.
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
Tokokí pe kolandela bolongi to bakpokoso ya mabe na bakisi yango to bamangwele yango.
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
Na suka, boyebi na tango malamu ya bokono ya cas ya COVID-19 kati ya moto ekopesa ndakisa ya kosalela na bombango bokengeli emata na reseau ekolo mobimba.
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
Bosembo ya bisaleli na biso totie liboso na motema.
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC ebanda misala koleka mibu 50 pe azali kati ya likambo ya bokongoli ya ba echantillon pona kenge bavaccin malamu penza tango ya pandemie ya grippe ya Hong Kong na1968/69, grippe ya Russe ya 1977/78, pe pandemie ya grippe ya ngulu na 2009.
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
Toyebi te likambo etali bobakisi ya likama na basali to bato ya bokono mosusu na bokotisi bango na bokengeli.
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
Komilengela pona pandemi ezali ndambo ya mosala ya RCGP RSC.
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
Ezo monana na miso polele ete kocoder nsango na bokangani na bisaleli na RCGP RSC ekokitisa mabe na bato baye bakoki kokaniselama bazali na bokono ya COVID-19 bamemama na disuku ya bopasoli pona kozanga boyebi.
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
Bisika bacas ezomonana kozanga bozeli na yango, ekoki kozala na lisalisi pona mobeli wana, bacontacki naye, na esaleli bayeba.
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
Kwokoso na esaleli ezalaki ete mokolo wana bakanga, soki cas emonani mpo basokola mozindo pe bafungola.
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
Ndelo monene na systemi nabiso nde eza lotango ya bapoint ya badonnee.
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
Tozo kongola badonnee ya serologie pe virologie epai ya basite 100, moto ezo talamela lotango moke ya bato.
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
Oyo ezalaki nango malamu pona kokengela ba grippe kasi nde ezangi bosolo ya makasi soki monene nango ekoka penza na echantillon pona bobimi ya COVID-19.
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
Site nabiso (bisaleli ya bokengeli) ezali sik’oyo fixe, pe ekoki kozala likambo ya ntina monene ematisa masalisi na bombango na bingunda bacas mingi koleka ezali.
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
Mikol’oyo to kobanda koraporter poso na poso.
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
Systeme nabiso eko kobakisama na bolamu mpo ezala mbala mibale na mposo, kasi mbala mosusu ya mokolo to ya ngonga esengeli ezala nzela nabiso ya sik’oyo.
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
Echantillonage ya opportunite pona serologie na bana bilenge nase ya mibu 10 ekoki kozala na ndelo mpona boyekoli ya makila ya bana eza moke.
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
Bobakisi ya bokengeli na bosaleli ya reseau ya RCGP RSC-PHE mpona bobimi ya COVID-19 esi ebelemi na bombango penza.
The model of getting the appropriate informatics to enable capture of the required data has already been a success, with data recording starting the week the codes were created.
Modele ya bozwi bainformatiki elongobani mpo esalisa na kocapter badonnee esengami esi elongi, bongo nde bokomi ya badonnee ebandaki mokolo ya mposo bacode ebongisamaki.
In addition, modifying the existing surveillance system to collect population data in a parallel way has also been effective.
Na kobakisa, bokesenesi ya systeme ya bokengeli oyo esi esalama pona kokongola badonnee ya bato na nzela ya paralleli ezalaki pe na bolongi.
However, we are at present unsure as to whether the scale of this surveillance provides sufficient data to drive local containment strategies or if reporting infrequently meets the need of our information age.
Kasi nde pona sik’oyo tozo yeba penza te soki to longola kaka bokengeli yango pona kopesa badonnee ekoka pona kobatela bastrategie ya confinement ya esika to kosala reportage ezo silisa posa ya koyeba nsango ya sik’oyo.
Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 “suspected case” and “confirmed case” is necessary
Mis-à-jour ya boyebeli “cas bakaniseli” eza na bokono ya COVID-19 na “cas endimami” eza na ntina penza
On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide.
Na 6 Février 2020, lisanga nabiso epubliaki lisungi ya toli ya bombango pona koyebela pe kobelisa bokono ya kpokoso ya coronavirus yasika 2019 (2019-nCoV), bongo lisungi yango epesaki lolenge ya biso toyebeli na bobelesi pona kobundisa pandemi oyo ya mokili mobimba.
However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Kasi, bokono ya coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) eza yasika, boyebi na bwania bwabiso mpona yango ezo mata moke-moke na botali makundoli mazo monana pe bisaleli ya cliniki bizo yebana; bongo wana nde eza bastrategie ya diaginositiki pe bobelesi ezo landama kotiama à jour.
In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of “suspected case” and “confirmed case” according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China.
Na mokanda oyo, topesaki eyano na commentaire moko na lisungi nabiso pe topesi critere ya boyebeli yasika-sika pona “cas bakaniseli” pe “cas endimami” na bolandi Diagnostiki ya suka penza lisungi ya kobelesa pona COVID-19 (version ya sambo) oyo ebimisami na bakonzi ya Comite National ya Sante ya Republika Populaire ya Chine.
In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused an outbreak, which is now officially named as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Na Decemba 2019, coronavirus yasika 2019, (2019-nCoV) ebimisi kpokoso, oyo ezo bengama na loyalo bokono ya coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ebongo virus yango eye kobengama syndrome respiratoire acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
On 11 March 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
Na 11 Mars 2020, WHO elimboli COVID-19 mpo ebengama pandemie.
In order to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, our team has developed a rapid advice guideline and that has been published online in Military Medical Research on 06 February 2020.
Mpona kobunda na bokono ya SARS-CoV-2, lisanga nabiso ekolisi lisungi ya toli ya bombango bongo yango nde ezali publie na molongo ya Interneti na Bokundoli ya Medical ya Basoda ya 06 Fefrier 2020.
It has attracted a great attention since published.
Ebendi batangi mingi banda publication na yango.
Note however that COVID-19 is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge is gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Kasi nde yeba ete COVID-19 eza yasika, boyebi na bwania bwabiso mpona yango ezo mata moke-moke na botali makundoli mazo monana pe bisaleli ya cliniki bizo yebana; bongo wana nde eza bastrategie ya diaginosiitiki pe bobelesi ezo landama kotiama à jour.
For instance the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), among 16 January 2020 to 3 March 2020, has issued a total of seven editions with some contexts being substantively changed.
Ndakisa masungi ya Diagnositiki na Bobelesi pona COVID-19 ebimisamaki na Comite National ya Sante ya Republika Populaire ya Chine (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), kati-kati ya 16 Janvier 2020 tii 3 Mars 2020, esi ebimisi ba edition sambo bongo nde bacontexte mosusu ezali kobongwana makasi.
Now our guideline received a comment by Zhou et al., they introduced a simple scoring proposal based on their clinical experience.
Sik’oyo lisungi nabiso ezwaki commentaire moko na Zhou et al., bakotisaki lolenge ya pete-pete ya kopesa bapoint na bolandi ya experience nabango ya cliniki.
Their work added new evidence for our guideline and also make valuable reference for this pandemic worldwide.
Mosala nabango ebakisi bilembo yasika mpo na lisungi pe esali botindi ya ntina pona pandemie mokili mobimba.
We endorse their significant work and express our thanks.
Toyambi mosala nabango ya ntina monene pe totondi bango botondi.
However, their work also needs update according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (Trial seventh version) and recently studies.
Kasi, mosala nabango pe ezo senga mis-à -jour na botali Masungi ya Diagnostiki pe Bobelesi yasika pona COVID-19 (Meka version ya sambo) mayekoli ma leki.
According to the seventh edition (3 March 2020), to confirm the suspected case needs to combine any one item of epidemiological history features with two items of clinical manifestations to make a comprehensive analysis, or needs to meet three items of clinical manifestations if without clear epidemiological history:
Na bolandi edition ya sambo (3 Mars 2020), pona kondima cas bakaniseli ezo senga bosangisi ya itemi moko ya lisolo ya bikila-kila ya epidemiologie na ba itemi mibale ya ba manifestation ya cliniki pona kosala analyse mobimba, to eza na posa etondisa ba itemi misato ya ba manifestation ya cliniki soki ezangi moi ya nsango ya epidemiologie:
Epidemiological history: (1) a history of travel or residence in Wuhan city and surrounding areas, or other communities where COVID-19 cases had been reported in the last 14 days before symptom onset; (2) a history of contact with SARS-CoV-2 infectious cases (with positive nucleic acid test); (3) a history of contacting with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms from Wuhan city and surrounding areas, or other communities where COVID-19 had been reported in the last 14 days before symptom onset; (4) a history of contacting with cluster of confirmed cases (≥ 2 cases with fever and/or respiratory symptoms occurred within 2 weeks in small areas, such as home, office, class of school, etc).
Nsango ya Epidemiologie: (1) nsango ya mobembo to ya bofandi na mboka Wuhan pe pembeni nango, to masanga mosusu ya bacas ya COVID-19 esalami lapolo mikolo 14 eleki liboso basymptomi ebanda; (2) nsango ya bokangani na cas ya SARS-CoV-2 (teste positive ya noyau ya acide nucleiki); (3) nsango ya bokangani ma mobeli ya nzoto fievre to basymptomi ya kopema awuti na mboka Wuhan na bisika ya pembeni to lisusu masanga mosusu esika basali lapolo ya bacas ya COVID-19 na mikolo 14 eleki liboso ya basymptomi ya ebandeli; (4) nsango ya bokangani na liboke ya bacas endimami (≥ cas 2 na fievre pe/to basymptomi ya kopema kati ya poso 2 na bisika mike, ndakisa ndako, bilo, kelasi ya sikola, bnb).
Clinical manifestations: (1) fever and/ or respiratory symptoms; (2) with imaging features of COVID-19 infection; (3) total white blood cell counts showing normal, decreased, or reduced lymphocyte count in the early onset stage.
Bamanifestation ya cliniki: (1) fievre pe/to basymptomi ya bopemi; (2) na bilembo ya bilili ya bokono ya COVID-19 ; (3) lotango ya baglobule ya pembe nionso ezo lakisa normale, ekita, to lotango ya lymphocyte ekita na tango ya ebandeli.
Diagnosing the confirmed case should base on suspected case with any one item of pathogenic or serological evidence as following: (1) real-time PCR test positive for SARS-CoV-2; (2) viral whole genome sequencing showing high homogeneity to the known novel coronaviruses; (3) positive for the specific IgM antibody and IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in serum test; or a change of the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody from negative to positive, or titer rising ≥4 times in the recovery phase above that in the acute phase.
Diagnostiki ya cas endimami esengeli ezala nase ya cas bakaniseli na itemi ata moko ya ekenenge to evidence ya serologie evidence lokola elandi awa: (1) teste ya PCR ya temps reel positive pona SARS-CoV-2; (2) bolandi ya genome mobimba ezo lakisa homogeneite emata na ba coronavirus yasika eyebani; (3) eza positive pona IgM specifiki ya anticorps pe IgG anticorps na SARS-CoV-2 na teste ya serume; to mbongwana na IgM ya SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG anticorps uta negative ti positive, to kobuta ya titer ≥ mbala 4 na phase ya recouvrement likolo ya cas phase ya songe.