atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat at 56 °C for 30 minutes; ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, chloroform, and other fatty solvents, but not chlorhexidine, can effectively inactivate the virus.
Bato bazoloba ete SARS-CoV-2 ekokaka te na ba rayons ultraviolet mpe moto na badegre 56 °C na miniti 30; to, 75% ya ethanole, desinfectant oyo eza na chlore, aside perasetique, chloroforme, mpe bankisi mosusu ya koboma mikrobe, kasi te chlorhexidine, ekoki mpenza koboma virisi wana.
The entire human population generally lacks immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and hence is susceptible to the novel virus.
Bato nyonso bazangi mikrobe oyo ebundisaka SARS-CoV-2, yango wana virisi oyo ya sika ekoki kozwa bango.
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
Sikoyo, basali nanu te bolukiluki ya mozindo na oyo etali ndenge ya kobundisa SARS-CoV-2.
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
Yango wana, tokoki kolobela kaka bolukiluki ya kala na oyo etali ba CoVs mosusu, mingimingi SARS-CoV mpe MERS-CoV (Mot. ​(Mot.4).4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
Mbala mingi, soki virisi ekoteli eloko moko, mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi mabe eyebaka yango na nzela ya mayele ya koyeba biloko mosusu (PRRs) tanga mpe lolenge na yango C ya biloko oyo ememaka yango, biloko ememaka yango oyo eza neti Toll(TLR), mpe oyo eza neti NOD (NLR), mpe oyo eza neti RIG-I (RLR).
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
Na lisalisi ya banzela ekeseni, virisi ebimisaka mpasi na nzoto, ekolisaka baselile dentritique, mpe esangisaka na mokuse ba interferon oyo eza neti I (IFNs) oyo ekangaka virisi nzela mpo epanzana te mpe esalaka ete biloko oyo ekangaka virisi nzela ebima noki.
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
Kasi, proteine N ya SARS-CoV ekoki kosalisa virisi na kokima bopusi ya mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi.
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
Kala mingi te, mikrobe oyo ebundisaka virisi esanganaka mpo na kobundisa yango.
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
Balymfosite T tanga mpe CD4+ mpe CD8+ baselile T esalaka mosala makasi na kobundisa maladi.
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
CD4+ baselile T elendisaka baselile B mpo na kobimisa mikrobe oyo ebundisaka virisi, mpe CD8+ baselile T ebomaka mbala moko baselile oyo virisi ekoteli yango.
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
Baselile ya kosalisa T ebimisaka ba cytokine oyo ebimisaka mokusa mpo na kosalisa baselile oyo ebundaka.
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
Kasi, CoV ekoki kopekisa selile T esala mosala na yango na modele ya kokufa baselile T.
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
Mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi oyo esanganaka ndakisa C3a mpe C5a mpe ba anti corps eza mpe ntina mpo na kobundisa virisi oyo.
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
Na ndakisa, ba anti corps oyo balongolaki na bato oyo babikaki ebomaki MERS-CoV.
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
Kasi, reaction ya koleka ndelo ya mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi ekoki kobimisa ba radicale mingi koleka na nzoto mpe yango ekoki kobebisa bapoumon mpe binama mosusu, mpe likambo ya mabe koleka, ekoki kosala ete binama mingi esala lisusu te mpe nkutu ekoki komema na liwa.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
Maladi ya SARS-CoV-2 , oyo ekabwanaka na ebandeli, ezozwa mingi mibange oyo baza na maladi mosusu mpe basi ya zemi.
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
Mbala mingi bato oyo bakutanaka na bavirisi mingi to oyo mikrobe na bango oyo ebundisaka maladi elemba, baza na likama mingi ya kozwa maladi oyo koleka bato mosusu.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
Eleko oyo maladi ya SARS-CoV-2 esalaka mpo emonana eza mikolo 1-14, mingimingi mikolo 3-7 na kotalela bolukiluki esalemaki na bato 425 ya liboso oyo bazwaki yango na Wuhan.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
Kasi, bolukiluki oyo esalemaki na bato 1 099 emonisi ete eleko oyo maladi esalaka mpo emonana ezalaki mikolo 3 na mwayene mpe ebandaki na mikolo 0 kino na 24.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
Bolukiluki moko ya sika mpenza, ndenge balobeli yango na likolo, elakisi ete eleko oyo maladi esalaka mpo emonana ezalaki mikolo 4,8 (3,0-7,2) na kotalela bato 8 866 oyo balandelaki.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
Eza na ntina mingi mpo na minganga na kobongola eleko ya kotya moto na quarantaine na kotalela eleko ya solo oyo maladi esalaka mpo emonana, ebongo ekokanga nzela mpo bato oyo baza na bilembo ya maladi bapesa bato mosusu virisi te.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
Ndenge esalemaka mbala mingi, mpo na bato oyo bakutanaki na bato ya maladi oyo to baza na maladi yango, virisi wana esengaka ete batya yango na quarantaine mikolo 14.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
Esengeli nde mikolo ya quarantaine ekoma mikolo 24?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Fievre eza mbala mingi elembo ya ntina mingi mpe ya liboso ya COVID-19, oyo ekoki koya yango moko to na bilembo mosusu na ndakisa kosukosu ya makasi, kokatana ya mpema, mpasi na misisa, vertige, moto mpasi, mongongo mpasi, kokangama ya zolo, mpasi na ntolo, pulupulu, mposa ya kosanza, mpe kosanza.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
Bato mosusu ya maladi bapemaka na mpasi mpe/to bazangaka mpema mwa moke mposo moko na nsima ya ebandeli ya maladi.
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Na bandakisa ya makasi, bato ya maladi bakomaki noki na mpasi ya kopema, motema ebetaka malamu te, nzoto ebimisaka aside mingi, mpe makila ezokoka kokangama te.
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
Bato oyo baza na fievre mpe/to mpasi ya kopema mpe fievre ya makasi, ata soki bakanisi ete baza na mpasi na poumon, basengeli kosala bango ekzame mpo na koyeba soki baza na maladi wana.
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
Bolukiluki na mwa ndambo ya bato oyo esalemaki na nsuka ya sanza ya zomi na mibale 2019 emonisaki ete bilembo ya maladi ezalaki 98% mpo na fievre, 76% mpo na kosukosu, 55% mpo na vertige, mpe 3% mpo na pulupulu; 8% ya bato bazalaki na mposa ya lisalisi ya mopepe.
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
Bazwaki makambo ya ndenge moko na bolukiluki mibale ya sika oyo basalaki na biloko oyo ebimisaka maladi mpe oyo epanzaka yango na bato oyo baza na yango te.
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
Kasi, bolukilluki oyo esalemaki na 2012 emonisaki ete bato oyo bazobela MERS-CoV mpe mingi bazalaki na fievre (98%), kosukosu ya makasi (47%), mpe mpema mokuse (55%) na kati ya bilembo ya minene.
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
Kasi, 80% na bango bazalaki na mposa ya lisalisi ya mopepe, mingi koleka bato oyo bazobela COVID-19 mpe ezoboma bato ndeko moko na MERS kasi lokola COVID-19.
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
Pulupulu (26%) mpe mongongo mpasi (21%) emonanaki mpe na bato oyo bazalaki kobela MERS.
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
Na bato oyo bazalaki kobela SARS, emonanaki ete fievre (99%-100%), kosukosu ya makasi (29%-75%), vertige (40%-42%), pulupulu (20-25%), mpe mongongo mpasi (13-25%) ezalaki bilembo ya minene mpe bato pene ya 14%-20% bazalaki na mposa ya lisalisi ya mopepe.
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
Na mokolo ya 14 sanza ya mibale, bato bakufaki na COVID-19 bazalaki 2% ntango motango ya bato ekomaki 66 576 na mokili mobimba.
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
Soki tosali bokokanisi, bato oyo bakufaki na SARS na sanza ya zomi na moko 2002 bazalaki 10% na kati ya bato 8 096 oyo babelaki yango.
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
Mpo na MERS, na kotalela bolukiluki na motango ya bato oyo esalemaki na sanza ya motoba 2012, bato oyo bakufaki bazalaki 37% na kati ya bato 2 494 oyo babelaki yango.
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
Bolukiluki ya liboso emonisaki ete R0 ya SARS-CoV-2 ezalaki 6,47 mpe 95% interval ya confiance (CI) ya 5,71-7,23, kasi R0 ya SARS-CoV ezalaki kaka banda 2 kino 4.
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
Kokokanisa SARS-CoV-2 na MERS-CoV mpe SARA-CoV na oyo etali bilembo, motango ya bakufi, mpe R0 emonisami na Tablo​Tablo 1.1.
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
Mitango oyo eza likolo emonisi ete SARS-CoV-2 eza na makoki mingi ya kopanzana koleka MERS-CoV mpe SARS-CoV, kasi ezoboma bato moke koleka mibale oyo ya nsuka.
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Yango wana, eza mpasi mingi na kobundisa maladi mabe ya SARS-CoV-2 koleka oyo ya MERS-CoV mpe SARS-CoV.
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
Mbala mingi maboke ebimaka na libota moko to na esika moko to eyaki neti masuwa.
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
Mbala mingi bato ya maladi eza bato oyo basalaki mobembo na to bafandaka kuna to bisika mosusu oyo maladi yango ekotaki to bazwaki yango na bato na bamposo mibale liboso ete ebanda.
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
Kasi, emonani ete bato bakoki komema virisi wana kozanga kozala na bilembo na eleko eleki mposo mibale mpe bato oyo babikaki oyo babimaki na lopitalo bakoki kozala lisusu na virisi wana, yango wana esengeli kobakisa mikolo ya quarantaine.
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
Bato ya maladi oyo baza na motango ya baselile ya mpembe ya makila ya normal to moke (mingimingi balymphocyte) na ebandeli mpenza ya maladi.
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
Ndakisa, lymphopenia na selile ya mpembe ya makila count &lt; 4×109/L elongo na lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, mpe motango mingi ya aspartate aminotransferase mpe viremia emonanaki na bato ya maladi 1 099 ya COVID-19.
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
Nivo ya foie mpe ya misisa ya ba-enzyme mpe myoglobine ezalaki komata na makila ya bato mosusu ya maladi, mpe baproteine C na erythrocyte emataki na makila ya bato mingi ya maladi.
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
Na bato oyo bazalaki kobela makasi, nivo ya dimer D, kolemba ya mosisa moko oyo ezalaka na makila, emataka, mpe lymphocyte ebandaki kokita malembemalembe.
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
Bampasi na ntolo emonanaki na bato mingi oyo babelaki COVID-19 mpe emonisaki bisika ya molili ya ndenge moko te to bisika ya molili na bapoumon.
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Mbala mingi bato ya maladi bazalaki na maladi ya mpema, kozoka makasi na poumon, mpe mpasi makasi ya kopema (ARDS).
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
Soki ARDS esalemi, mpasi ya makasi, komata ya mai, mpe kobeba ya fibrose esalaka ete mopepe eleka na mpasi.
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
Kosala malamu te ya lolenge I mpe II ya pneumocytes ekitisaka nivo ya surfactant mpe ematisaka esika ya mpasi, yango wana ekitisaka makoki ya bapoumon ya kofungwama mpe esalaka ete likama ya kopanza poumon ekoma mingi.
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
Yango wana, maladi makasi ya bapoumon oyo bazwaki ezalaki mbala mingi na boyokani na mpasi makasi ya maladi wana.
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
Na mokolo ya 18 sanza ya mibale 2020, analyse ya liboso ya COVID-19 emonisaki kobeba ya ba pneumocyte, biteni ya hyaline, mpe kotoboka ya kati ya lymphocyte, mpe mwa bambuma na selile na bapoumon ya bato oyo bakufaki na maladi yango; eyokani na pathologie ya virisi yango mpe ARDS mpe ekokani na oyo ya bato oyo babelaki SARS mpe MERS.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Koyeba SARS-CoV-2 RNA na nzela ya makambo oyo esalemaka mpe ememaka na (RT-PCR) esalelamaki neti elembo ya ntina mingi mpo na koyeba COVID-19.
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
Kasi, mpo na nivo ya makasi ya makambo ya lokuta, oyo ekoki kosala ete maladi mabe ekoma makasi mingi, babandaki kosalela bilembo ya maladi mpo na koyeba yango (bazalaki kosuka kaka te na RT-PCR) na Chine na mokolo ya 13 sanza ya mibale 2020.
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
Likambo ya ndenge moko esalemaki mpo na koyeba SARS.
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
Yango wana, kosangisa masolo ya maladi oyo, ndenge ebimaki, baekzame ya laboratoire, mpe makambo bamonaki na radiographie eza ntina mingi mpe ekosalisa mpo na koyeba makasi diagnostique.
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
Na mokolo ya 14 sanza ya mibale 2020, lisanga Feng Zhang balimbolaki mayele moko na kosalelaka mayele esimbami na CRISPR SHERLOCK mayele ya koyeba SARS-CoV-2, mpo na koyeba SARS-CoV-2 RNA na 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (motango 10-100 na microlitre moko) basalelaki jauge na nse ya ngonga moko kozanga basala makambo ya mindondomindondo.
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
Tozolikya ete, mayele oyo ya sika ekoki kobongola makasi sensibilite mpe lolenge malamu ya kosalela yango, soki endimami nsima ya kotalela yango.
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
Mpo bayebi malamu te CoV ya sika, minganga bakoki kaka kosalisa mwa moke bato oyo bazobela COVID-19, ntango bazozela bankisi mingi oyo basi basalela to oyo bazalaki kokanisa liboso kosalela mpo na kobikisa bato ya CoVs mosusu na ndakisa SARS-CoV mpe MERS-CoV mpe maladi euti na virisi (Tablo ​(Tablo2).2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
Bankisi yango eza bankisi ya sika mpe oyo bakoki kosalela oyo eza na nkisi ya bambuma, immunosuppresseurs, basteroide, plazma euti na bato ya maladi, nkisi ya bokoko ya Chine, mpe lisalisi ya minganga.
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
Balobaki bakoki kosalela ata plazma oyo euti na moto ya maladi lokola nkisi.
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
Bakompani oyo esalaka bankisi bazosala makasi mpo na kosala bankisi mpe mangwele ya virisi oyo.
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 ebundisaka mingimingi bapoumon na ebandeli mpe mbala mosusu ebundisaka mwa moke binama mosusu ya nzoto oyo ezalaka na ACE2, na ndakisa estoma na misopo mpe bangeyi.
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
Atako bongo, mpasi ya kopema mpe kobungisa makanisi eza makama minene mpo na bato mingi ya maladi mpe yango nde ezoboma mingi.
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
Yango wana, kosalisa na kopema eza ntina mingi mpo na kolembisa bilembo ya maladi mpe kobikisa bato mpe yango etaleli kopesa oxygene lokola nkisi, kopesa oxygene mingi, kokotisa mopepe kozanga kokotisa eloko na nzoto ya moto, mpe kokotisa na nzoto eloko ezokotisa mopepe na kotalela makasi ya maladi.
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
Bato ya maladi oyo baza na mpasi ya makasi ya kopema, basalisaki bango na eleko moko oyo ekotisaka oxygene (ECMO), mayele moko ya sika ya kokotisa eloko na motema oyo basalelaki mpo na kobikisa maladi makasi ya motema to bato oyo mpema ekatanaki.
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Lisusu, kobatela equilibre ya electrolyte, kobundisa mpe kobikisa maladi ya mibale mpe maladi makasi, mpe kobatela binama ya bomoi eza ntina mingi mpo na bato oyo bazobela SARS-CoV-2.
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
Eyebani ete komata ya cytokine na reaction ya koleka ndelo ya mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi ya bato oyo bazobela SARS mpe MERS.
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
Cytokine eza lolenge moko ya mpasi oyo ebimaka na ba cytokine mingi na ndakisa TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, mpe MCP-1.
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
Ba cytokine epusaka baselile oyo ebundisaka maladi na kobimisa ba radicale mingi oyo ekeseni oyo ebimisaka mbala mingi ARDS mpe kobebisa binama.
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
Immunosuppresseur eza ntina mingi mpo na kobikisa cytokine, mingimingi na bato oyo bazobela makasi.
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
Corticosteroide mpe tocilizumabe, IL6 moko oyo ebundisaka maladi, basalelaki yango mpo na kobikisa cytokine.
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Bankisi mosusu ya immunosuppresseur mpo na cytokine ezali kosalela selile T oyo eza na boyokani na mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi; blockade ya IFN-γ, IL-1, mpe TNF; JAK inhibation; blinatumomabe; suppresseur ya cytokine oyo ezolakisa 4; mpe HDAC ba inhibateur.
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Ba steroide, lokola ba immunosuppresseur, basalelaki yango mingi lokola nkisi ya SARS mpo na kokitisa mpasi oyo esalemi.
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
Kasi, basteroide oyo ezalaka na doze mingi ezalaki ntina te mpo na mpota ya poumon na bato oyo babelaki SARS mpe COVID-19.
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
Kasi, ekoki komema bampasi mosusu, mingimingi na baselile ya makila, mpe ebebisaki mingi pronostique.
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Atako bongo, badoze ya moke ya corticosteroide, basengaki kopesa yango na mayele mpo na bato ya maladi ya COVID-19 oyo bazalaki kobela makasi.
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
Na ntango tozokoma, eza nanu te na nkisi oyo eyebani mpo na virisi oyo.
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
Kasi, kopesa na misisa remdesivir, analogue ya nucleotide, emonanaki ete ezosalisa mingi bato ya Amerika oyo bazobela COVID-19.
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
Remdesivir eza nkisi ya kobundisa virisi oyo esalemaki na ebandeli na Gileadi mpo na kosalisaka bato oyo bazalaki kobela Ebola mpe Marlburg.
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
Na nsima, remdesivir mpe emonisaki ete ekoki kosalisa mpo na bavirisi mosusu ya RNA ata mpe virisi MERS na SARS.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
Na kotalela makambo wana, Gilead epesi biloko wana na Chine mpo na komeka yango na bato oyo bazobela SARS-CoV-2, mpe bato bazozela mpenza resultat na yango.
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
Lisusu, bato balobaki ete baricitinbe, interferone-α, lopinavire/ritonavire, mpe ribavirin, ekoki kosalisa bato oyo baza na mpasi makasi ya kopema.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Pulupulu, mposa ya kosanza, kosanza, kobeba ya foie, mpe ba reaction mosusu ya mabe ekoki komonana soki basangisi nkisi wana na lopinavire/ritonavire.
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
Kosangisa bankisi oyo na bankisi mosusu oyo basalelaki mpo na bato mosusu ya maladi, esengeli kokengela yango malamu mpenza.
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
Plazma ya bato oyo babikaki mpe biloko ebundisaka maladi
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
Kosangisa makila ya bato oyo babikaki na maladi mabe mpo na kosalisa bato mosusu oyo bazobela maladi wana moko to mpo na kobatela bato oyo baza nzoto kolongono mpo bazwa te maladi wana ebanda kala.
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
Ya solo, mbala mingi bato oyo babika baza na ba-anti corps ya makasi mpo na kobundisa mikrobe na makila na bango.
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
Ba anticorps eza immunoglobuline (Ig) oyo euti na ba lymphocytes B mpo na kobundisa mikrobe mpe biloko mosusu ya mabe mpe eyebaka bamolekile oyo eza na mikrobe mpe na nsima koboma yango.
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
Na kotalela makambo oyo, bazwaka mbala mingi plazma na makila ya bato oyo babelaki kasi babika na COVID-19 mpe botiubaki yango na bato 10 oyo bazalaki kobela makasi.
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
Bayokaki malamu nsima ya bangonga 24; mpasi na virisi ekitaki mpe esalaki ete oxygene ekita te na makila.
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
Kasi, verification mpe clarification eza ntina mingi mpo na topesa likanisi ya kosalela metode wana mpo na kosalela yango liboso babimisa nkisi ya solo.
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
Lisusu, mpo na mabe oyo nkisi ememaka, esengeli kotalela malamumalamu makama mosusu ya plazma.
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
Na ndakisa, anticorps ekoki kolendisa mikrobe oyo ebundisaka maladi mpe ekoki kosala ete cytokine ebima; oyo eza mabe mingi mpo na bomoi.
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
Kosangisa ba anticorps na makila ezalaka mbala mingi na nse, mpe bosengi ya plazma eza mingi mpo na kosalisa bato bazobela.
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
Eza mpasi na kosala mpe kobimisa ba anticorps ya sikisiki mpo na kobundisa maladi mabe ya monene.
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
Yango wana, eza ntina mingi mpe ebongi na kokabola baselile B ya bato oyo babiki mpe koyeba bokasi ya ba anticorps wana to komema yango mpo na koyeba soki ba anticorps wana ekoki kobundisa baproteine ya virisi.
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
Na ndenge wana, tokokoka nde kosala noki ba anticorps.
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
Babanda kosalela TCM mpo na kosalisa maladi mingi na Chine banda bambula mingi.
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
Kasi, makama na yango eutaka na ndenge basangisaka biloko mingi na ndenge ekeseni na kotalela lolenge maladi ezali na kolandaka makanisi ya TCM.
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
Biloko mingi oyo esalisaka eyebani nanu te to eyebani bongobongo mpo eza mpasi na kobimisa mpe ko verifier biloko yango mpe ndenge malamu ya kosangisa yango.
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
Sikoyo, mpo tozangi nkisi ya makasi mpe ya sikisiki mpo na COVID-19, TCM ekomi moko ya bankisi mpo na bato oyo baza na bilembo ya mike to ya pete to baoyo babiki na maladi makasi.
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
Na ndakisa, bato bamonaki ete nkisi ya capsule Shu Feng Jie Du mpe Lian Hua Qing Wen ezosalisa mingi na kobikisa bokono ya COVID-19.
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
Bato mingi oyo babikaki na kozwaka nkisi ya COVID-19, emonanaki na bituka mingi ya Chine oyo basalelaka TCM na bato ya maladi 87%, na ndakisa Gansu (63,7%), Ningxia (50%), mpe Hunan (50%), kasi na etuka ya Hubei, oyo esalelaki TCM kaka na bato pene ya 30% oyo bazalaki kobela COVID-19, bato moko nde babikaki (13%).
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
Kasi, bokokanisi oyo eza mpasi mpo makambo mosusu na ndakisa motango ya bato ya maladi mpe makasi ya maladi esengeli kotalelama mpe ntango ya botaleli wana.
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
Na mokolo ya 18 sanza ya mibale 2020, Boli Zhang mpe baninga na ye babimisaki bolukiluki moko mpo na kokokanisa kimonganga ya eropa (WM) yango moko na nkisi ya WM mpe TCM.
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
Bamonaki ete ntango oyo baza na yango mposa mpo chaleur ekita na nzoto, mpo bilembo esila, mpe na lopitalo ezalaki moke na etuluku WM+TCM koleka na etuluku WM mpamba.
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
Eloko ezokamwisa mingi eza ete ndenge bilembo ezokoma makasi (banda na moke kino na makasi) ezalaki na nse mingi mpo na etuluku WM+TCM koleka na etuluku WM mpamba (7,4% kontre 46,2%) mpe bato oyo bakufaki bazalaki moke na etuluku WM+TCM koleka na etuluku WM mpamba (8,8% kontre 39%).
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
Atako bongo, bokasi mpe bolamu ya TCM ezozela kaka endimisama nsima ya komeka yango na bato mingi mpe na bisika mingi.
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
Ezobenda mpe likebi na koyeba ndenge makambo esalemaka mpe kolimbola makasi ya biloko oyo eza na bankisi ya TCM to ndenge basangisaka yango soki likoki ezali.
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
Bato oyo bakanisi bakoki kozala na COVID-19 to oyo baza na yango, mbala mingi babangaka mingi maladi oyo ebomaka, mpe bato oyo batye na quarantaine bamitungisaka mingi, bamiyokaka bango moko mpe bazalaka na nkanda.
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
Lisusu, bilembo ya kozwa maladi na ndakisa fievre, kozanga oxygene, mpe kosukosu mpe bampasi mosusu eutaka na nkisi na ndakisa kozanga mpongi oyo corticoseroide ebimisaka ekoki komema basusi mingi mpe kotungisama na makanisi.
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
Na ebandeli ntango SARS ebimaki, balobaki ete bato yango bamonisaki bizaleli mingi na ndakisa kotungisama mingi na makanisi, basusi, kosutuka, kosala makambo bisalasala, kobosana makambo, kobungisa makanisi, mpe nkutu koluka komiboma.
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
Koluka bato oyo moto azobela akutanaki na bango mpe kotya bato na quarantaine mpo na kobatela bango na COVID-19, ekoki kosala ete bato bamitungisa mingi mpe bazala na ngambo mpo bapesi bato mosusu maladi, kozala na quarantaine, mpe mpasi bamemi na mabota mpe baninga.
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
Yango wana, basengeli kopesa lisalisi ya maladi ya moto na bato oyo baza na COVID-19, baoyo bakanisi bakoki kozala na yango, mpe na bato nyonso oyo baza na mposa na yango.
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
Lisalisi ya maladi ya moto esengeli kotalela kopona ekipi ya bato mingi oyo basalisaka bato ya maladi ya moto, kosolola mbala na mbala na polele nyonso mpe kopesa bansango ya sika ya solo mpo na kobima ya SARS-CoV-2 mpe bankisi bazokana kobimisa mpe kosalela ba-apareyi mpe baprograme mpo na koboya kozala pembeni na bato mosusu.
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
Mangwele ya solo eza na ntina mingi mpo na kosukisa kopanzana ya virisi na banyama mpe na bato oyo baza na yango mpe na biloko mosusu mpe mbala mingi eyokanaka na nkisi ya virisi mpo na kobundisa maladi makasi oyo euti na bavirisi ya sika.
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
Milende ezosalema mpo na kobimisa mangwele uta na proteine S mpo na kobimisa ba anticorps ya ntango molai mpe oyo ekoki koboma mpe/to kobatela bato na SARS-CoV.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
Basi bameki mangwele oyo ezosalisa bomoi na bambisi mpo na SARS.
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
Kasi, bokasi ya solo ya mangwele wana na mibange mpe na bato oyo baza na maladi makasi mpe libateli na bango na bavirisi euti na banyama eyebani nanu te liboso bolukiluki ya solo ebanda na nzoto ya bato.
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
Eza mbala mosusu mpo SARS eisilaki mibu 17 ekoki mpe moto mosusu te abela maladi yango banda na ntango wana.
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
Na bokeseni, bato mokomoko mpe mwa bituluku ya bato bazokoba kozwa virisi MERS na moyen orient mpe ezopanzana na bisika mosusu mpo eutaka na banyama.
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
Basi basali mayele ya kotobola mangwele ya MERS na kobomaka virisi wana, DNA ya baselile, biloko oyo ememaka bavirisi, na biloko ya mike mpenza, biloko oyo eza neti virisi mpe biteni ya proteine ya virisi mpe bameka mosusu na banyama.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
Kosala mangwele ebongi mpe ya makasi mpo na kobundisa SARS-CoV-2 mpo na bato oyo baza na mangwele na yango te eza ntina mingi mpe mosala makasi mpo maladi mabe oyo ekende mosika te.
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
Kasi, eza mpasi na kolonga mikakatano mpo esengaka ntango mingi (pene ya basanza 18 ) mpo na kosala mangwele mpe mpo lolenge mingi ya CoVs.
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
Mpo eza maladi ya sika, COVID-19 ebandi kaka komonisa bokasi na yango na bato mwa mingi.
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
Na bandakisa mingi, bato oyo babeli yango bakoki kobika malembemalembe kozanga kotikala na bilembo na yango.
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
Kasi, ndenge ezalaki mpo na SARS mpe MERS, COVID-19 ezobangisa bato oyo bazobela yango mpe ezoboma bato oyo bazobela yango makasi.
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
Yango wana, kosala modele mpo na koyeba maladi oyo eza ntina mingi mpo na minganga mpo batya na esika ya liboso mosala na bango, mingimingi na bisika oyo makoki eza mingi te.
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
Na kotalela bolukiluki oyo basi basali na nzoto ya bato, makambo oyo ekoki kozala na bopusi to na boyokani na ndenge ya koyebela bato oyo baza na COVID-19 (Tablo ​(Tablo33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
Mbula: Mbula eza likambo ya ntina mingi mpo na koyeba pronostique ya SARS, oyo eza mpe solo mpo na COVID-19.
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
COVID-19 ebimaki mingimingi na bato ya mibu 30-65 mpo 47,7% ya bato oyo babelaka bazalaki na mibu koleka 50 na bolukiluki oyo basalaki na bato 8 866 ndenge balimboli yango likolo.
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Bato ya maladi oyo baza na mposa ya soins intensifs bamonisaki bilembo mosusu ya mabe mpe mpasi mpe bazalaki mikolo mingi koleka baoyo bamonisaki yango te (soki tokokanisi mibu 66 mpe 51), emonisi ete mbula eza moko ya makambo oyo ekosalisa koyeba soki moto oyo azobela COVID-19 akobika to te.
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
Sexe: SARS-CoV-2 ezozwa mibali mingi koleka basi (0,31/100 000 kontre 0,27/100 000), ndenge balimboli likolo.
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
Bilembo mosusu mpe bampasi: Bato oyo bazobela COVID-19 oyo baza na mposa ya soins intensifs bakonyokwama mingi na mpasi ya mpema mpe motema ekobeta malamu te.
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
Maladi ya motema ezalaki mpe ntina makasi ya liwa na bato oyo babelaki SARS.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
Balobi ete SARS-CoV-2 ekoki kozala ndenge moko na ACE2 cholangiocytes, oyo ekoki kosala ete foie esala malamu te na bato oyo bazobela COVID-19.
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
Ebongi koyeba ete mbula mpe maladi ya kala eza na boyokani makasi mpe ekoki kosangana.
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
Mbeba oyo emonani na laboratoire: Nivo ya proteine C (CRP) na makila emonisaka bonene ya mpasi to mpasi eza na misisa mpe balobi ete eza moko ya makambo ezomema maladi oyo, oyo ezosalisa mpo na kozwa nkisi, mpe nsukansuka mpo na kobika.
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
Boyokani ya nivo ya bokasi ya CRP mpe pronostique ya COVID-19 elobelamaki mpe.
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
Lisusu, lactate dehydrogenase ya likolo (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), mpe creatine kinase (CK) ekoki kosalisa na koyeba soki moto akobika to te.
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
Ba-enzyme wana ebimaki mingi na binama mingi, mingimingi na motema mpe na foie, mpe ebimaka ntango tissue ebebaka.
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
Yango wana, mbala mingi yango nde esalaka ete motema to foie esala malamu te.
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
Bilembo minene ya maladi: Radiographie ya ntolo mpe bokoli ya moke ya bilembo ya maladi esengeli kotalelama elongo na makambo mosusu mpo na koyeba soki moto akobika na COVID-19 mpe soki ekotungisa ye mingi.
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Kosalela basteroide: Ndenge tolimboli yango na likolo, basteroide eza ba immunosuppresseur oyo tosalelaka mbala mingi lokola nkisi mpo na maladi euti na virisi mpo na kolembisa bokasi ya mpasi.
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
Mpo basalelaki bacorticosteroide mingi na bato oyo babelaki SARS ya makasi, bato mingi oyo babikaki babelaki maladi ya kozanga baselile ya makila mpe bazalaki na bambeba na nzoto bomoi mobimba mpe bomoi ya malamu te.
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
Yango wana, soki esengeli, basengeli kosalela doze moke ya basteroide mpe mpo na ntango mokuse na bato oyo bazobela COVID-19.
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Kotungisama na makanisi: Ndenge tolimboli likolo, ntango COVID-19 ebimaki, bato mingi babelaki maladi ya komitungisa na makanisi mpo balekisaki mikolo mingi na quarantaine mpe bazalaki motema likololikolo mpe bamonaki liwa ya bato ya libota na bango mpe ya bato mosusu oyo bazalaki kobela.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Eza ntina mingi na kopesa batoli ya minganga mpe lisalisi ya ntango molai mpo na kosunga bato oyo ya maladi mpo babika na mitungisi wana mpe bazongela bomoi na bango ndenge bamesana.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
Na kotalela bolukiluki oyo basi basali, ezomonana ete COVID-19 eza na makambo mosusu oyo ekeseni na SARS.
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
Longola ndenge ezokoma mingi na nzela ya kopema ya nse, SARS-CoV-2 ekoki kobotama na nzela ya kopema ya likolo mpe kobimisa bilembo ya pete to nkutu elembo moko te ntango maladi ebandi sika, ndenge moko na ba CoVs mosusu oyo epesaka malili.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Yango wana, bato oyo baza na yango na ebandeli to na eleko oyo esalaka liboso ya kobima bakoki kobimisa bavirisi mingi na mosala ya mokolo na mokolo, ebongo esala ete ezala mpasi na kobundisa maladi mabe oyo.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Kasi, emonani ete SARS-CoV ezopesama ntango moto azobela mpenza makasi, kasi kopesama mingi esalemaki te na ebandeli.