atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Yango wana, kobima ya sikoyo ya COVID-19 eza makasi mingi mpe mpasi mingi na kobundisa koleka oyo ya SARS.
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Milende makasi ezosalema na Chine ndakisa kopekisa bato batambola na Wuhan mpe na bingumba ya zingazinga mpe kokoba kotya mboka mobimba na quarantaine na elikya ya kokanga SARS-CoV-2 nzela mpo ezwa te bato mosusu.
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Ata milende wana ya makasi ebebisi mpenza makambo ya mbongo mpe makambo mosusu ya mboka, motango ya bato ya maladi ya sika ezokita, ezomonisa ete maladi mabe ezolemba.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Estimation ya malamu mpenza eza ete kobima wana ekosuka na sanza ya misato mpe eleko ya kolembisa yango ekozwa basanza 3-4.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Atako bongo, bato mosusu ya mayele bandimi likambo wana te.
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, mpe baninga na ye, bakanisi ete COVID-19, oyo bamoni ete ezozwa bato mingi koleka SARS, ekosuka te na 2020.
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Ira Longini, na baninga na ye, basalaki modele moko mpo na koyeba resultat ya maladi mabe mpe balobi ete SARS-CoV-2 ekoki kozwa bato mibale na kati ya bato misato na mokili mobimba.
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
Etuluku moko ya Canada elobi ete SARS-CoV-2 bamonaki ndambo ya turbinate mpe nsoyi ya mongongo ya bato ya maladi oyo babikaki mpe babimaki na lopitalo mposo 2 liboso; yango emonisi ete virisi oyo ya sika ekoki kokoma maladi oyo ebimaka mbala na mbala neti grippe.
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
Kasi, bilembo ya malamu emonanaki na Chine ndenge motango ya bato ya maladi ya sika ezokita, yango emonisi ete mayele ya sikoyo ezobota mbuma.
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
Na ebandeli balobaki ete Ebola ekoboma bato pene ya milio moko mpe katikati ya milio bakokufa.
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
Kasi, na nzela ya mibeko ya makasi ya quarantaine mpe kotya bato na isolement, nsukansuka balonga maladi wana.
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
Ekoki kosalema mpe, ndenge esalemaki na SARS-CoV, ete makasi ya SARS-CoV-2 ekoki kolemba mpe nsukansuka kosila to kokoma virisi ya makasi te mpo na bato.
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
Bokokanisi na kati ya maladi ya COVID-19 na oyo ya SARS mpe MERS ezali na nse (Mot. ​(Mot.55).
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 ezopesama makasi na nzela ya kosukosu to etye, mpe mbala mosusu na nzela ya biloko oyo esi ezwi virisi.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
Bamonaki mpe virisi na nyei, yango emonisi ete likoki ezali ete eutaki na nyei mpe ekotaki na monoko.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Bolukiluki basala kala te na bato 138 emonisi ete 41% ya bato ya maladi bazwaki yango te na maladi euti na lopitalo, na ndakisa bato 17 ya maladi oyo bazalaki na maladi mosusu mpe minganga to ba infirmier 40.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Yango wana, tosengeli kosalela mayele ya makasi mpo na kobatela bato, mingimingi minganga, bato oyo basalisaka bato, bato ya libota, baninga, mpe nkutu bato ya pembeni oyo bakutanaki na bato oyo baza na maladi wana.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Eloko ya liboso ya kobundisa oyo ekoki kosalisa na kokitsa likama ya kozwa maladi eza kolata eloko ya kozipa zolo mpe monoko; kosalela masque ya minganga mpe masque ya kopemela N95 (nimero# 1860s) ezosalisa mpo na kokanga virisi nzela epanzana te.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Masque ya minganga ekangaka nzela mpo mai oyo euti na moto oyo aza na maladi wana elongwa te na nzoto na ye mpo ekende na mopepe to ekangama na biloko, esika ekoki kopesama na bato mosusu.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Kasi, kaka ba masque N95 (nimero # 1860s) nde ekoki kobatela na virisi ata ya moke ya 10 kino 80 nm, mpe 5% mpamba ya virisi ekoki kokota mobimba; SARS-CoV-2 eza ndenge moko na SARS-CoV na monene mpe nyonso mibale eza pene ya 85 nm.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Mpo biteni na yango ekoki kokota soki tosangisa ba masque ya minganga mitano elongo, minganga oyo bazokutana na bato ya maladi basengeli kolata ba masque N95 (nimero# 1860s) kasi ba masque ya minganga te.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Longola ba masque, minganga basengeli kolata bagan ya malamu mpo bazala te na mabaku mingi ya kosimba bavirisi.
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Bavirisi ekoki kokotela mpe moto na miso.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
Na mokolo ya 22 sanza ya yambo 2020, monganga moko azwaki maladi ya SARS-CoV-2 ata soki alataki masque N95; mbala mosusu virisi ekotaki na nzoto na ye na nzela miso na ye oyo ezalaki kosala mpasi.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Yango wana, minganga basengeli kolata biloko mosusu ya mpembe ya kozipa miso to maneti ntango bazosalisa bato ya maladi.
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
Mpo na bato nyonso oyo baza na bisika oyo eza na virisi to ekoki kozala na yango, eza ntina mingi ete bango nyonso basokola maboko na savon oyo ebomaka mikrobe mbala mingi koleka ndenge basalaka, batikala na ndako na komitya na quarantaine na ndenge na bango moko mpe na kokutana na bato oyo mbala mosusu baza na maladi wana.
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
Bametre mibale eza distance elongobani oyo bato basengeli kozala mosika na moto ya maladi.
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
Kosala makambo oyo eza lolenge ya malamu ya kokitisa likama ya kozwa maladi mpe kokanga virisi nzela mpo epanzana te.
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
Ata soki SARS-CoV-2 ebimaki neti virisi ya sika na mokili ya bato, ekokani mingi na SARS-CoV ndenge balobaki yango na mokolo ya 7 sanza ya yambo 2020, esengelaki ekebisa bato mingi na Chine mpo bayebi malamu ndenge SARS ebimaki na 2003.
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
Kasi, kino na mokolo ya 19 sanza ya yambo 2020 diretere ya centre ya kobundisa maladi ya Wuhan akitisaki bato motema ndenge alobaki ete virisi oyo ya sika ezopesama mpenza te na bato mpe ezobotama mingi te na bato mpe ete eza mpasi na kokanga yango mpe kosukisa yango.
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
Nsango wana etindaki bato bakipe na bango te, mingimingi ntango mboka mobimba ezalaki kobongisa fete ya printemps, mpe babungisaki ntango wana ya ntina mingi mpo na kokanga maladi wana nzela na Wuhan mpo epanzana te.
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
Lisanga ya kobundisa maladi na Chine ekoki kozwa liteya wana ya mabe mpe kosala mbongwana ebongi na mikolo ezoya.
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
Na ndakisa, masanga oyo esengeli (1) kotya likebi mingi ntango bazoloba liboso ya bato mpo bato ya mboka bandimelaka bango mpe ekoki kobongola bizaleli mpe bikateli na bango; (2) kokeba mpe kokanga maboko te na bansango ezouta na balopitalo na esika ya kozela barapore ezouta na minganga to bakonzi; (3) kozwa bikateli ya makasi mpo na kobundisa maladi mabe na ebandeli na yango na esika ya koluka kokotisa bato motema; mpe (4) kobimisa mayele ya ntina mpe ya malamu mpo na kosalisa bato bayeba malamu makambo etali maladi mabe mpe baekzame mpe kobongisa makambo ya kosala soki mpasi ya ndenge wana ebimi.
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
Kobima ya COVID-19 oyo na virisi SARS-CoV-2 ya sika ebandaki na nsuka ya sanza ya zomi na mibale 2019.
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
Na eleko oyo na nse ya basanza mibale, epanzanaki na Chine mobimba mpe na pene ya mikili 50 mosusu na mokili mobimba ntango tozokoma makambo oyo.
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
Mpo virisi yango ekokani mingi na SARS-CoV mpe billembo na yango eza na bokokani na kati ya COVID-19 mpe SARS, kobima ya COVID-19 esali neti eza nde SARS ezongi lisusu.
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
Kasi, eza mpe na bokeseni ya monene na kati ya COVID-19 mpe SARS, oyo eza ntina mpo na kokanga maladi oyo nzela mpe kobikisa bato oyo bazobela yango.
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 ezozwa mingi mibange koleka bilenge mpe mibali koleka basi, mpe eza mpasi mingi mpe ezoboma mingi mibange koleka bilenge.
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS ezoboma bato mingi koleka COVID-19 (10,91% kontre 1,44%).
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
Bato oyo bazobela COVID-19 bapesaki virisi nkutu ata ntango bazalaki na bilembo ya maladi te kasi bato oyo babelaki SARS bapesaka basusu virisi kaka soki bazobela makasi, yango wana eza mpasi mingi na kokanga COVID-19 nzela mpo epanzana te koleka SARS.
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
Yango ezolimbola mwa moke mpo na nini SARS-CoV-2 ezopanzana mingi mpe bisika mingi koleka SARS-CoV.
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
Soki tosali ekzame ya normal ya RNA ya SARS-CoV-2, mbala mosusu ekozala te na bato mosusu oyo bazobela COVID-19.
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
Kasi, bato oyo babiki bakoki lisusu kozwa virisi wana.
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
Makambo oyo ezomatisa mpenza likama ya kopanza virisi bisika mingi.
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
Mpo bolukiluki ya COVID-19 ezokende liboso noki mpenza, eza na makambo mingi ya ntina oyo esengeli kobongisa, na ndakisa:
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
SARS-CoV-2 eutaki na wapi?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
Ata soki makambo ya ndenge moko 96% emonani na kati ya SARS-CoV-2 mpe bavirisi mibale SARS CoVs oyo euti na ngembo, tokoki nanu te koloba ete SARS-CoV-2 eutaki na bangembo.
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
Virisi elekaki na banyama nini ntango elongwaki na esika efandaka, toloba eza bangembo, kino na bato?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
Kozanga koyeba biyano na motuna ya #1 mpe 2, tokoki te kosukisa yango mpo epanzana te, mpe ekoki kobima lisusu na ntango nyonso.
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
Atako kobongisa bamolekile mpe baekzame ya biochimie emonisaki ete SARS-CoV-2 eza na boyokani na ACE2, toyebi te na bosolo ndenge virisi ekotaka na baselile ya likolo ya kopema mpe esalaka ete mbongwana esalema?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
Virisi eza mpe na boyokani na ACE2- na baselile ya binama mosusu?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Kozanga koyeba biyano ya polele na mituna wana, tokoki te koyeba nkisi ya makasi mpe ebongi mpo na yango.
How long will the epidemic last?
Maladi oyo ekosala mbula boni?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
Ndenge nini virisi ekolaka na makila na nzoto ya bato?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
Ekokoma maladi mabe na mokili mobimba, ekosuka libela neti SARS to ekobimaka mbala na mbala neti grippe?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
Eza ntina mingi kasi ekoki kozwa ntango mingi mpo na kozwa biyano na mituna oyo eza likolo mpe na mituna mingi mosusu.
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
Kasi, ata soki ekosenga tobungisa nini, eloko tosengeli kosala eza kaka kokanga maladi mabe nzela noki mpe bomoi na biso ezonga ndenge ezalaki.
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
Coronavirisi ya bato eutaki na banyama
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
Ndenge ebongwanaka mpe emesanaka esala ete bacoronavirisi (CoVs) ekola mpe biloko oyo ebombaka yango, ata mpe bato, banda mibu mingi.
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
Liboso ya 2003, eyebanaki ete mibale ya ba CoVs (HCoVs) ya bato epesaka maladi ya makasi te, na ndakisa malili.
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
Kobima ya maladi makasi ya mpema (SARS) mpe maladi ya mpema ya moyen orient (MERS) emonisi ndenge maladi ya HCoV ekoki konyokola bato mpe koboma bango.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
Kobima ya SARS-CoV-2 na katikati ya Chine na nsuka ya 2019 etye CoVs na esika ya liboso mpe ekamwisi biso na ndenge ezopanzana noki kasi ekiti ndenge ezobelisa bato koleka ndeko na yango SARS-CoV.
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
Maladi HCoV eutaka na banyama mpe koyeba banyama oyo ebimisaki HCoVs ekosalisa biso mpe.
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
Ba HCoVs mingi eutaki na bangembo kasi ebimisaka maladi te.
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
Biloko ya katikati oyo ememaka ba HCoVs misusu eyabani mpe.
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
Koyeba banyama oyo ememaka yango eza na bopusi mingi na kobundisa maladi oyo bato bazali kobela.
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
Koluka koyeba boyokani na kati ya biloko oyo ememaka CoV na banyama ekoki mpe kosalisa mingi na koyeba maladi ya CoV kati na bato.
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
Na lisolo oyo, tokolobela na mokuse makambo toyebi mpo na ba HCoVs nsambo, mpe tokotya likebi na lisolo ya bokundoli na yango mpe ndenge eutaka na banyama mpe biloko oyo esalisaka na kopanza yango.
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
Likambo ya ntina eza ete tokokanisaka mpe tokesenisaka ba HCoVs mingi na kotalela ndenge virisi ekolaka mpe ndenge genoma esanganaka.
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
Maladi ya CoV ya sikoyo ya 2019 (COVID-19) elobelami na lisolo oyo.
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
Lisusu, ezolobela mpe masengami mpo na kolonga kobongola biloko ememaka maladi mpe ekweli na yango na ndenge virisi ekolaka mpe ekomaka makasi.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
Bacoronavirisi (CoVs) eza na libota ya Coronaviridae, oyo eza na etuluku moko ya bavirisi ya makasi ya RNA.
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
Bavirisi oyo ezalaka na ba genome ya minene ya 26 kino 32 kilobases na kati ya bavirisi RNA, babengaki yango “CoVs” mpo ezalaki neti na motole na microscope ya electronique.
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
Na nzoto na yango, CoVs ezalaka te na ba genome ekatana oyo esalema ndenge moko.
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
Pene ya ba genome mibale na kati ya misato ezali na etandi ya polele mibale (ORF1a mpe ORF1b), oyo ebongolami kati ya pp1 mpe pp1ab ekelamu na baproteine.
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
Baproteine mingi esalelamaka lisusu mpo na kobimisa baproteine 16 ezanga nzoto, ebengami nsp1~16.
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
Eteni etikali ya genome eza na ORFs mpo na nzoto ya baproteine, ata mpe nsonge (S), loposo (E), membrane (M) mpe nucleoproteine (N).
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
Mwa baproteine ya sikisiki eza mpe na bakode na milongo ekeseni ya CoVs.
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
Na kotalela bokeseni na molongo ya proteine, batyaka ba CoVs na milongo minei ya minene (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV mpe delta-CoV), mpe beta-CoV ezalaka na ba HCoVs mingi mpe ekabwanaka na milongo minei (A, B, C mpe D).
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
Bilembeteli ya bagene emonisi ete bangembo mpe bampuku bazali eutelo ya gene ya ebandeli ya bamikrobe mingi ya alpha-CoVs mpe beta-CoVs, kasi bandeke bazali nde esika monene oyo gamma-CoVs mpe delta-CoVs eutaka.
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
Na bankoto ya bambula, CoVs ekutanaka mbala mingi na bandelo ya midele mpe misusu ekoma bavirisi ya makasi ya bato.
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
Kino lelo, bavirisi CoVs (HCoVs) nsambo ya bato eyebani.
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
Na kati na yango HCoV-229E mpe HCoV-NL63 bazali alpha-CoVs.
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Mitano oyo etikali beta-CoVs eza na HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, maladi makasi ya mpema ya coronavirisi (SARS-CoV), maladi ya mpema ya coronavirisi ya moyen orient (MERS-CoV) mpe SARS-CoV-2.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
Mbala mingi HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 mpe HCoV-NL63 bazali na bilembo ya pete, neti malili mpe/to pulupulu.
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Na bokeseni, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV mpe SARS-CoV-2 oyo ebimi sika ezali makasi mingi, ezokanga makasi nzela ya kopema ya nse na bato mingi ya maladi oyo bazali na chance mingi ya kobela maladi ya mpema euti na basusi (ARDS) mpe bampasi mosusu na poumon.
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
Elembo ya liboso ya HCoV-229E, B814, bazwaki yango na biloko ebimaka na zolo ya bato ya maladi oyo bazalaki na malili na katikati ya mibu 1960.
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
Banda ntango wana, bolukiluki ya mingi esalisaka na koyeba malamu HCoV-229E mpe HCoV-OC43, oyo nyonso mibale ebimisaka bilembo mingi te.
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
Ya solo, bato mingi bandimaki likanisi wana ete maladi ya HCoVs esalaka mabe te kino ntangu SARS ebimaki.
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
Kobima ya SARS na 2003 ezali moko ya maladi mabe makasi ya mikolo na biso, ezwaki bato koleka 8,000 mpe bato pene ya 10% bakufaki.
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
Nsima ya bambula zomi, maladi ya mpema ya moyen orient (MERS) ekomaki maladi ya makasi na péninsule ya Arabie mpe epanzanaki mwa moke na mokili mobimba.
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
HCoV (2019-nCoV) ya sika ya 2019, oyo bapesi yango nkombo SARS-CoV-2, yango nde ebimisa maladi ya coronavirisi 2019 (COVID-19), oyo esi ebomi bato koleka 3 120 mpe ezwi bato koleka 91 000 kino na mokolo ya 3 sanza ya misato 2020.
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Likebisi epesami mpe mokili mobimba ezali komilengela mpo na pandemi ya SARS-CoV-2.
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
Ba HCoVs nyonso nsambo euti na banyama, elingi koloba bangembo, bampuku, to banyama mosusu ya ndako.
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
Bilembeteli mingi ezomonisa ete ba HCoVs nyonso euta na bangembo, esika bavirisi elingaka kofanda mpe esalaka eloko te kasi ezalaka na balolenge mingi mpenza.
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
Pandemi ya COVID-19 eza mpasi mingi mpo na minganga, bato ya siansi, mpo na bomoi mpe mimeseno ya bato ya Chine mpe ya mokili mobimba.
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
Kolandela banyama esika oyo HCoVs euta ezali kosalisa na koyeba lisolo ya bozalisi, nguya ya botambwisi mpe makambo oyo ekangaka bikelamu oyo epumbwaka nzela.
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
Ekoki mpe kokamba to kosalisa na bolukiluki ya koyeba esika efandaka, esika elekaka mpe kobongisa ba(nyama) oyo ebombaka maladi yango ya SARS-CoV-2, mpe milende oyo esengeli kosalema mpo na kokanga yango nzela epanzana te na mikolo oyo ezali koyaka.
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
Na lisolo oyo tozali kolobela na mokuse esika banyama yango bauti, ndenge ezali kopesama na bikelamu mosusu mpe bavirisi ya HCoVs.
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
Mingimingi, tozali kobeta nsete mpe tozali kolobela moto ya likambo ya ntina ete bavirisi minene ya HCoVs epesaka te maladi na esika oyo yango efandaka kasi ekomaka kopesa maladi soki euti na ekelamu moko mpe ekomi kofanda na esika ya sika.
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
Tolobeli mpe ndenge HCoV ezokola mpe ndenge mbala mingi ntango epesamaka na bikelamu mosusu esalaka ete epesa maladi mingi te.
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
Resultat ya kobima ya SARS-CoV-2 elobelami mpe na lisolo oyo.
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
CoVs ya banyama eyebana banda nsuka ya mibu 1930.
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
Liboso ya kozwa elembo ya liboso ya HCoV-229E, B814, na miyoyo ya zolo ya bato oyo babelaki malili, bazwaki deja CoVs na banyama mingi, na ndakisa dindon, mpuku, ngombe, ngulu, nyau mpe mbwa.
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
Na bambula eleki, bato bamona ba HCoVs nsambo.
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
Lisolo ya mokuse ya bokundoli ya HCoV na molongo oyo esalemaki (Tablo ​1) ekozala ntina mingi mpe ekoteya makambo mingi.
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
Babimisaki elembo ya liboso ya HCoV-229E na nzela ya kopema ya bato oyo bazalaki na maladi ya nzela ya kopema ya lokolo na mobu 1966, mpe na nsima ekolaki na baselile ya lipulupulu WI-38.
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
Bato ya maladi oyo bazalaki na HCoV-229E bazalaki na bilembo mingi ya malili na moto mpasi, etye, mingai mpe mongongo mpasi na fievre mpe kosukosu emonanaki na bato 10~20%.
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
Na nsima na 1967, HCoV-OC43 ebimaki na mimeseno ya binama mpe elekaki na boongo ya mpuku oyo ezomela mabele.
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
Emonani ete bilembo ya maladi ya HCoV-OC43 ekokani na oyo ya HCoV-229E, oyo eza mpenza ndenge moko na maladi oyo esalaka ete nzela ya mpema ebela, na ndakisa bavirisi ya grippe A mpe ya ba rhinovirus.
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
HCoV-229E mpe HCoV-OC43 epanzani na mokili mobimba, mpe mbala mingi epesamaka na eleko ya malili.
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
Mbala mingi, mikolo oyo bavirisi mibale oyo esalaka mpo emonana ezalaka na nse ya mposo moko, na nsima moto abelaka na eleko ya pene ya mposo 2.
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
Na kotalela bolukiluki ya ofele oyo bato basalaki, bato ya nzoto kolongono oyo bazwi HCoV-229E bayokaka malili mbala mingi.
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
Kaka bato ya maladi moke ba oyo kolongono ya nzoto ezali ya kolemba nde babelaki makasi maladi ya nse ya kopema.
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
SARS, oyo ebengami mpe “maladi ya mimpulupulu”, ezalaki HCoV ya mikanda ya byekoli ya liboso oyo esalaki pandemi katin na lisolo ya bomoi ya bato mpe eutaki na SARS-CoV, HCoV ya misato oyo bato bamonaki.
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
Moto ya liboso oyo azwaki SARS ekoki kozala ete ezalaki na mobu 2002 na Guangdong, etuka moko ya Chine.
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
Maladi ya SARS ezwaki bato 8,096 mpe bato 774 bakufaki, epanzanaki na mikili mingi mpe na bakontina mingi.
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
Longola biloko oyo ememaka yango, emonanaki ete moto nyonso oyo azwi yango akoki kopesa yango na bato pene ya mibale; mikolo oyo esalaka mpo emonana ezali 4-7 mpe kokoma makasi na mokolo ya 10 nsima ya kozwa yango.
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
Bato oyo bazwi SARS-CoV, na ebandeli bazalaka na mpasi na misisa, moto mpasi, fefele, mingai, mpe bayokaka malili, na nsima bayokaka neti mpema ezokatana, kosukosu mpe mitungisi ya kopema.
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
Kokita ya baselile ebengami lymphocyte, kobebisama ya misala ya mabale, mpe komata ya creatine kinase ezali na kati ya bambeba ya SARS oyo emonanaka mingi.
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
Kobeba ya ba alveolaire, kobima ya noki ya baselile epitheliale mpe komata ya ba macrophage emonanaka mpe na bato oyo babeli SARS.
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
Pene ya bato 20-30% oyo bazwi yango bakotaka na esika oyo batyaka bato ya kobela makasi mpe bakozala na mposa ya lisalisi ya mopepe.
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Lisusu nse ya nzela ya kopema, binama mingi na ndakisa mosopo ya bilei, mabale mpe bangeyi ekoki kobeba soki maladi eza makasi, mbala mingi esalaka ete ba cytokine ekoma mingi, nde yango ekoki koboma bato oyo kolongono ya nzoto elemba.
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
Bamonaki virisi yango mbala ya liboso na ekzame ya mosuni ya lipulupulu ya ndeko ya moto oyo azalaki kobela yango oyo alongwaki na Guangzhou mpe akendaki na Hong Kong.
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
Banda ntango wana, bato basala milende mingi mpo na kosala bolukiluki ya HCoV.
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
Bazwaki HCoV-NL63 na mwana moko ya basanza 7 na pays-bas na nsuka ya mobu 2004.
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
Emonanaki liboso ete ezalaki mingi na bilenge, na mibange mpe na bato ya maladi oyo kolongono ya nzoto elemba mpe oyo bazalaka na maladi ya mpema.
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
Bilembo na zolo, conjonctivite, fefele, mpe maladi ya mpema emonanaka mingi na maladi oyo euti na HCoV-NL63.
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
Bolukiluki mosusu elobelaki ete babimisaki virisi moko wana na biloko oyo eutaki na zolo ya mwana-mobali moko ya basanza 8 oyo azalaki kobela maladi ya mimpulupulu na pays-bas.
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
Ata bamonaki yango na pays-bas, epanzanaki na bato nyonso.
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
Emonani ete HCoV-NL63 esalaka ete bato pene ya 4,7% babela maladi ya mpema, mpe bato mingi bazwaki yango na ebandeli ya eleko ya moyi makasi, eleko ya mbula, mpe eleko ya mpio makasi.
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63 ememaka mpe maladi ya mpema oyo ekangaka laryngite, oyo babengaka mpe croupe.
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
Na mbula moko wana, bazwaki HCoV-HKU1 na mobali moko ya mibu 71 oyo akotaki lopitalo mpo na maladi ya mimpulupulu mpe bronchiolite na Hong Kong.
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
Longola maladi ya mimpulupulu mpe bronchiolite, emonani ete HCoV-HKU1 ezali mpe na boyokani na asthme ya makasi mpenza.
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
Ndenge ezalaki mpo na HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E mpe HCoV-OC43, bamonaki HCoV-HKU1 na mokili mobimba, mpe esalaki ete bato babela maladi ya mpema.
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
Ba HCoVs minei nyonso oyo emesanaka malamu na bato mpe mbala mingi ezalaka mpasi mpo ebimisaka maladi ya makasi mingi te, ata soki aksida esalemaki mpo na bantina eyebani te mpe na bandakisa oyo esalemaka mingi te mpo na lolenge moko ya HCoV-NL63 ya makasi mingi, oyo balobaki kala mingi te ete ezopesa mwa moke maladi ya nse ya nzela ya kopema na Chine.
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
Mbala mingi, ntango ete ba HCoVs oyo bakoki kopesama malamu mpenza kati na bato mpe kozala ntango nyonso na nzoto ya bato, bakomaka makasi mingi te to babelisaka mpenza te.
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
Babimisaki MERS-CoV na mbala ya liboso na 2012 na lipulupulu ya moto moko ya maladi ya mibu 60 oyo azalaki na mpasi makasi na mimpulupulu mpe bangeyi ebebaki na Aradie Saudite.
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
Ata mingi ya bato ya maladi yango bautaki na moyen orient, epanzanaki na bato misusu mpo bantango mosusu na bazalaka na bokutani makasi na mikili mingi ya Eropa mpe na Tunisie.
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
Kobima mosusu ya moke esalemaki na Coree du sud na 2015 mpe ezwaki bato 186.
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
Bilembo ya MERS ekokani na oyo ya SARS, emonanaka mingi na maladi makasi ya mimpulupulu.
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
Na bokeseni na SARS, bato mingi oyo babelaki MERS babelaki mpe maladi makasi ya bangeyi, oyo lolenge moko te na maladi ya MERS kati ya bamaladi misusu ya HCoV.
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Bato ya maladi koleka 30 bazalaki na bilembo na maladi eutaka na misopo, ndakisa pulupulu mpe kosanza.
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
Na mokolo ya 14 sanza ya mibale 2020, balobaki ete ezali na bato koleka 2500 oyo bazali mpenza na maladi wana mpe bato 34,4% bakufaki; yango esali ete MERS-CoV ezala moko ya bavirisi oyo ebomaka bato mingi.
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Pene ya nsuka ya sanza ya zomi na mibale 2019, bato oyo bazalaki na maladi ya mpema oyo eyebanaki kala ete baza na maladi ya SARS-CoV-2 bamonanaki na Wuhan, na etuka ya Hubei, na Chine.
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
Organisation Mondial ya Sante elobaki ete maladi wana ya nzela ya nse ya kopema oyo euti na SARS-CoV-2 ezali likambo ya mbalakaka ya kolongono ya nzoto oyo ezali kotungisa mokili mobimba mpe epesaki yango nkombo COVID-19.
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
Na mokolo ya 3 sanza ya misato 2020, bato 90,053 bazalaki kobela yango na mokili mobimba, mpe bato oyo bakufaki bazalaki 3,4%.
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
Likambo ya ntina, motango ya bato bakufaki na Hubei, na Chine ezali 4,2%, kasi oyo ya libanda na yango ezali 1,2%.
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 ebimisaka maladi ya makasi ya mpema neti SARS-CoV mpe MERS-CoV; emonisaka yango na nzela ya fefele, kosukosu mpe mpasi ya kopema.
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
Bato misusu ya maladi bazalaki mpe na pulupulu.
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Maladi ya poumon ezali moko ya bilembo makasi mpe ekoki kokoma noki maladi makasi ya mpema.
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
Ata soki SARS-CoV na SARS-CoV-2 ekokani mingi mpo ebimisaka ba nucleotide mingi 82%, ekabwani na biteni mingi na bituluku ya bamaladi.
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Emonani ete SARS-CoV-2 eza makasi mingi te kasi epanzanaka na bato mingi soki tososoli yango pene ya SARS-CoV mpe MERS-CoV.
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
SARS-CoV-2 emonanaki mpe na bato oyo bazalaki na bilembo na yango te mpe mbala mosusu esalaki ete yango epanzana noki na mokili mobimba.
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
Koyokanisa mpe kokokanisa SARS-CoV-2 na ba HCoVs motoba mosusu emonisi makambo ya ndenge moko mpe oyo ekeseni oyo ezali kobenda mpenza likebi.
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
Ya liboso, mikolo oyo maladi esalaka liboso ya kobima mpe mikolo oyo maladi yango eumelaka eza mpenza ndenge moko.
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
Na likambo oyo, SARS-CoV-2 eza ndenge moko na makambo minene na ba HCoVs motoba misusu.
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
Ya mibale, makasi ya bilembo ya COVID-19 ezali na kati ya SARS-CoV mpe ba HCoVs minei mosusu (na ndakisa, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 mpe HCoV-NL63).
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
Na ndambo moko, maladi ya SARS-CoV-2 esalaka bilembo oyo emonanaka mbala mingi na ntango ya maladi ya HCoVs oyo ezwami kati na bato, ata mpe kobimisa bilembo oyo eyebani te, ya moke, to nkutu ata elembo moko te.
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
Na ndambo mosusu, mwa bato moke oyo babelaki COVID-19 ya makasi bakoki komonana mpe lekola na maladi ya SARS-CoV, ata motango eza na mwa nse.
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
Ya misato, kopesama ya SARS-CoV-2 emonisi mpe mimeseno ya ndenge moko na HCoVs oyo ezalaka na bato mpe SARS-CoV.
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
Lisusu, kopesama ya SARS-CoV-2 ezali likolo mingi koleka oyo ya HCoVs oyo ezalaka na bato.
On the other hand, it remains to be verified whether the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 decreases after passages in humans as in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Na ndambo mosusu, esengeli totalela lisusu soki kopesama ya maladi SARS-CoV-2 ezali kokita nsima ya kozwa bato ndenge esalemaki na SARS-CoV mpe MERS-CoV.
Finally, same as the other HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in fecal samples.
Na nsuka, ndenge moko na ba HCoVs mosusu, SARS-CoV-2 ekoki komonana na nyei.
Whether fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role as in the case of SARS-CoV at least under some circumstance remains to be clarified by future studies.
Atako virisi SARS-CoV-2 epesaki bato maladi na nzela ya nyei ezali na ntina mingi ndenge esalemaki mpo na SARS-CoV esengeli bolukiluki mosusu elimbola yango malamu na mikolo oyo ezali koyaka.
It is also of particularly great interest to see whether SARS-CoV-2 might exhibit seasonality as in the cases of community-acquired HCoVs.
Ezali kobenda mpenza likebi na koyeba soki SARS-CoV-2 ekoki kobima na bileko ndenge esalemaka mpo na HCoVs oyo ezalaka na bato.
Nevertheless, the features of SARS-CoV-2 including its transmissibility, pathogenicity and sustainable spreading after passages in humans will be influential on the ultimate fate of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.
Atako bongo, makambo mosusu ya SARS-CoV-2 mpe ndenge epesamaka, ndenge ebimaka mpe ndenge epanzanaka na nsima ya kokoma na nzoto ya bato ekozala na bopusi na kopanzana ya COVID-19.
All four community-acquired HCoVs causing mild symptoms have been well adapted to humans.
Ba HCoVs nyonso oyo ezalaka na bato ebimisaka bilembo ya mike oyo emesana na nzoto ya bato.
From another perspective, it might also be true that humans have been well adapted to these four HCoVs.
Na ndenge mosusu, ekoki kozala mpe solo ete bato basi bamesana na ba HCoVs minei oyo.
In other words, both could be the survivors of ancient HCoV pandemics.
Na koloba mosusu, nyonso mibale ekoki kozala bauta na pandemi ya HCoV kala mpe ebika.
HCoVs that cause severe diseases in humans and humans who developed severe HCoV diseases have been eliminated.
HCoVs oyo ebelisaki bato maladi makasi mpe bato oyo babelaki maladi makasi ya HCoV, balongolaki bango maladi yango.
For this to happen, HCoVs have to replicate in humans to sufficient extent to allow the accumulation of adaptive mutations that counteract host restriction factors.
Mpona esalema, esengeli HCoVs ebotama na nzoto ya bato ya kokoka mpo ba oyo ya sika babima mpona kobundisa bipekiseli ya esika oyo ezali.
In this sense, the longer the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak persists and the more people that it infects, the greater chance that it will fully adapt to humans.
Na ndenge wana, soki SARS-CoV-2 eumeli mingi mpe soki bato mingi babeli yango, libaku na yango yakomesana na nzoto ya bato ezali ebele.
If it adapts well, its transmission in humans would be difficult to stop by quarantine or other infection control measures.
Soki emeseni malamu, ekozala mpasi bato bakanga kolekisama na yango na nzela ya konfinema to banzela misusu ya kosimba maladi.
For many years, the four community-acquired CoVs circulate in human populations, triggering common cold in immunocompetent subjects.
Na boumeli ya bambula mingi, ba CoVs minei oyo ezwaka bato ezali kotambola na kati ya bato, mpe ezali kopesa malili na bato oyo makasi ya nzoto ya kobumdela elemba.
These viruses do not need an animal reservoir.
Bavirisi oyo bazali na mposa ya kobatama kati na banyama te.