atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
Kopangusa na sani ekoki kosala ete maboko ezwa lisusu bamikrobe.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Kokausa na elamba ya peto to tika ekauka na mopepe.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
Maboko oyo ezali na mai ezwaka mikrobe noki.Esika oyo mbala mingi esokolamana malamu te ezali mosapi ya monene, poignet, bisika ezali na katikati ya misapi, mpe na nse ya manzaka.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Manzaka ya lekuta mpe biloko ya kopangusa manzaka ekoki kozala na mikrobe.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
Balendisaka mbala mingi kosalela mafuta ya kopakola mpona kosalisa maboko ekauka te; maboko ya kokauka ekoki kobebisa mposo ya nzoto mpe ekoki kosala moto azwa maladi kozanga mpasi.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options.
Mafuta mingi ya kopakola ya ntalo mingi te ekoki kosalelama mpo na kosalisa na kosokola maboko esika mai mpe/to sabuni ezali te na ndakisa kosopa mai longwa na eloko to kopo ezali na likolo mpe ezali na madusu ebongi mpe/to kosalela putulu soki esengeli na mikili ya bobola. Soki mai ezali mingi te (na ndakisa na biteyelo na bamboka na mikili ya bobola), bazali te na makoki ya kobatela mai, na ndakisa “tippy-taps” mpe lolenge mosusu oyo esengaka mbongo mingi te.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Tippy-tap ezali mayele ya pete ya kosalela mebki oyo batye na likolo mpe bakangi na nsinga, mpe esimbani na nsinga mpona kosopa mwa mai na likolo ya maboko mpe sabuni.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Kokausa maboko malamu ezali na ntina mingi mpo na kolongono ya nzoto, kasi ntembe ezali mingi na oyo etali lolenge ya malamu ya kokausa maboko na bawese ya bato mingi.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Bolukiluki mingi ezali kosalisa ete elamba ya kosokola maboko ezali malamu mingi koleka machine ya kokausa maboko oyo ezalaka na bawese mingi.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
Na 2008, bolukiluki moke esalemaki na Université Westminster, na Londres, mpe oyo mosolo na yango eutaka na kompani European Tissue Symposium, oyo esalaka elamba ya kokausa maboko, mpona kososola bokeseni ya bilamba ya kokausa maboko, machine ya kokausa maboko mpe machine ya sika ya kokausa maboko.
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Nsima ya kosokola mpe kokausa maboko na machine ya kokausa maboko, motango ya mikrobe emataki na misapi na 194% mpe na maboko na 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
Nsima ya kosokola mpe kokausa maboko na machine ya kokausa maboko, motango ya mikrobe emataki na misapi na 42% mpe na maboko na 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Nsima ya kosokola mpe kokausa maboko na elamba ya kokausa maboko, motango ya mikrobe ekitaki, na misapi ekomaka 76% mpe na maboko ekomaki 77%. Bato ya siansi basalaki mpe baekzame mpona koyeba soki ete bato oyo bazalaki kosalela bawese mpe kati ya bawese epanzaki mikrobe nsima ya bandenge mingi ya kokausa maboko.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Machine ya kokausa maboko, oyo ebimisaka mopepe na vitese ya 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), ekokaki kontinda bamikrobe ya mike na maboko na bisika kati na wese mpe kosimba bato misusu kati ya wese na molai ya 2 metele.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Kosalela machine ya kokausa maboko epanzaka bamikrobe ya mike mosika na 0,25 metele uta esika machine ezali.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Bilamba ya kokausa maboko elakisaki ata moko ya bamikrobe ya mike epanzanaki. Na 2005, na bolukiuki moko esalemaki na TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, batalelaki bandenge mingi ya kokausa maboko.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Bamonaki bokeseni oyo elandi na motango ya mikrobe nsima ya kokausa maboko:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Bakompani mingi oyo esalaka bamachine ya kokausa maboko ezali, mpe bakeseni bamachine ya kokausa maboko na bilamba ya kokausa maboko.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Kokausa maboko na kosalela bilamba ya kokausa maboko ezali lolenge mosusu ya kokausa maboko na ntango ya mobembo soki sabuni na mai eza te.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Bankisi ya kopetola maboko ya alcol esengeli kozala na 60% ya alcol.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Bato bakomaki kosalela mingi bankisi ya kosokola maboko ntango mingi nsima ya ntango wana moto moko ya physique ya Hongrois Ignaz Semmelweis amonaki makasi na yango (na 1846) mpona kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te na bisika lopitalo.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Ezali na bamachine mingi oyo ekundwelaka bato ya lepitalo na kosokola maboko soki babosani kosala yango.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Bolukiluki moko emonaki ete motango ya kopanza maladi ekitaki soki bazali kosalela yango.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Bankisi ya kosokola maboko ezali mpona basegonde 15, kosalela mai mpe na sabuni mingi to mafuta ya kopakola na bisika nyonso ya loboko.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
Esengeli konika maboko elongo moko na kosangisaka yango na kati ya baninga.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
Soki ezali na mbindo na nse ya manzaka, tokoki kosalela mwa eloko mpo na kolongola yango.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Mpo mikrobe ekoki kotikala na mai na maboko, ezali ntina mingi kolongola mai wana mpe kopangusa yango na elamba ya peto.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Na nsima ya kokausa, esengeli kosalela elamba ya kokausa mpona kokanga mai (mpe kofongola porte ya kobima soki ezali).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Yango esalisaka na kopekisa maboko ezwa mikrobe na bisika wana.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them.
Mokano ya kosokola maboko na kolongono ya nzoto ezali ya kolongola mbindo (“mikrobe”) mpe kopesa yango te na bato mosusu.
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
Zulunalu ya Angleterre ya sika oyo elobelaka makambo ya kimonganga elobi ete na balepital bato mingi mpenza bazosokola maboko te, mpe minganga na mafulume mingi babosanaka mbala mingi kosokola maboko liboso ya kosimba bato ya maladi, nde bongo bapesaka bango mikrobe.
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
Bolukiluki moko emonisaki ete kosokola maboko malamu mpe ndege mosusu ya pete ekoki kokitisa motango ya kopesa bato maladi ya makila na 66%. Organisation Mondiale ya Santé ebimisa mokanda moko ezali na mibeko etali kosokola maboko mpe kopangusa yango mpo na minganga.
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
Tokoki komona toli ya liboso ya kosokola maboko ya organization mpe ekoki mpe kozwama na siteweb na yango mpona maloba ya bato nyonso.
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
Whitby na baninga na ye basalaki botaleli ya ntina.
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
Bamachine oyo batekaka ekoki komeka mpe koloba soki maboko ezali peto, soki lolenge ya bopeto oyo basengi ekoki.
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands:
Organisation Mondiale ya Santé eza na “Bangonga Mitano” mpo na kosokola maboko:
after exposure to blood/body fluids
nsima ya kosimba makila/mai ya nzoto
before an aseptic task, and
liboso ya kosala mosala oyo ya kobatela maboko na mikrobe, mpe
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent.
nsima ya kosalisa moto ya maladi. Kobakisa antiseptique na sbuni (sabuni “oyo ezali na nkisi” to sabuni “ebomaka mikrobe”) esalisaka nkisi ya kosokola maboko na koboma mikrobe.
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
Koboma mikrobe ekoki kozala ntina liboso ya kosala lipaso to na bisika oyo mikrobe ezalaka mingi mpenza. ‘Koningisa’ maboko mpo na lipaso, soki ezali ntina ezala na pompe oyo okoki kofungola mai to kokanga esengeli te basimba yango na maboko, mwa chlorhexidine to mai ya iodine, elamba ezangi mikrobe mpo na kokausa maboko nsima ya kosokola yango, mpe linyuka ezangi mikrobe mpona kolongola mbindo mpe eloko mosusu ezangi mikrobe mpona kolongola mbindo na manzaka.
All jewelry should be removed.
Esengeli kolongola mayaka nyonso.
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
Lolende oyo esengeli kosokola maboko mpe liboso ya maboko kino katikati ya loboko, mingimingi na miniti 2-6.
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
Koweumela na konika (miniti 10) ezali ntina te.
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
Ntango ozali kopangusa, oesengeli kokanga nzela mpo mai oyo ezali na liboso ya maboko eleka te na nsima ya maboko.
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
Nsima ya kosilisa kosokola maboko, esengeli kokausa maboko na elamba ezangi mikrobe mpe kolata gan ya minganga.
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
Mpona kokanga mikrobe nzela ekabwana te, ezali malamu na kosokola maboko to kosalela antiseptique ya maboko liboso mpe nsima ya kosalisa moto ya maladi.
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
Mpona kotalela maladi ya staphylocoque na balepital, emonani ete matomba ya monene ya kosokola maboko eyaki nsima ya kosokola maboko 20% ya liboso, mpe mwa litomba wana ezwamaki ntango bazalaki kosokola maboko na 35%.
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
Kosokola na sabuni ekolisaka motango ya kopanza mikrobe ya maladi mbala misato na bilei soki tokokanisi yango na kosokola maboko na sabuni oyo ezali na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe. Bokeseni ya kopetola maboko na nkisi oyo ezali na alcol, kosokola maboko na sabuni ezali na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe na basegonde 30 ekitisaka motango ya kopanza mikrobe na 26% koleka soki basabuni ezali na nkisi ya koboma mikrobe.
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
Kasi sabuni na mai ezali makasi mingi koleka bankisi oyo ezali na alcol ya kopakola mpona kokotisa virisi A ya grippe H1N1 mpe clostridiume difficile spores na maboko. Milende ya kobongisa mosala kopetola maboko na balopitalo ekoki kosenga koteya bato ya mosala na kosokola maboko, kosala ete bato bazali na bankisi mingi ya kopetola maboko ezali na alcol, mpe makundoli ya kokoma mpe ya monoko na bato ya mosala.
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
Ezali na bolukiluki mingi mpo na koyeba nini ya mayele oyo ekosalisa na bisika mingi mpo na kolongono ya nzoto.
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
Emonani ete na mikili ya bobola, kosokola maboko na sabuni ezali na ntalo malamu, ntina mingi mpo na kozala nzoto kolongono, mpe nkutu ntina mpo na kolya bilei ya malamu.
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
Kasi, kozanga mai, sabuni, bisika ya kosokola maboko na ndako, na biteyelo mpe na bisika ya mosala ezali kosala ete ezala mpasi mpo bato nyonso bakoma na ezaleli ya kosokola maboko.
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
Na ndakisa, na bamboka mingi ya Afrika bisika ya kosokola maboko pene ya bawese ya bato to ya piblik ezali mingi te, ata ete maponi ya ntalo moke ezali mpona kosala bisika ya kosokola maboko.
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
Kasi, kosokola maboko mbala mingi te ekoki kozala ezaleli moko oyo bato bamesana na yango kasi ezali te mpo bazangi sabuni na mai.
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
Kotombola mpe kolendisa kosokola maboko na sabuni ekoki kopusa kopona mibeko, pusa maloba ya ntina ya kosokola maboko mpe kosalisa bato babongola mpenza bizaleli na bango.
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
Mpo esalama malamu, kolandela mpe botaleli ezali ntina mingi.
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements.
Kotalela bolukiluki 70 emonisaki ete kolendisa ezaleli ya kosokola maboko na bamboka ezali ntina mingi na LMICs, kasi kotelemela kopanza maloba ezali kosapema mingi te. Ndakisa moko ya kolendisa kosokola maboko na biteyelo "Mayele Misato" ya UNICEF oyo azali kolendisa biteyelo basala makambo ya pete, ya ntalo mingi te oyo ekokoki kosala bana ya kelasi basokola maboko na sabuni, kati ya bibongiseli mosusu mpona bopeto.
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
Soki biteyelo elongi kokotisa mwa bizaleli malamu, bakoki sikoyo koleka na oyo ya makasi.
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
Kotonga bisika ya kosokola maboko ekoki kozala na kati ya makambo ya kotambola kopanza sango ya kosokola maboko oyo ezali kosalema mpo na kokitisa bokono mpe kufa ya bana.
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
Mokolo ya kosokola maboko mpo na bato nyonso ezali ndakisa mosusu ya kapanza sango oyo ezali kosalisa bato na kobongola bizaleli. Ndenge maladi mabe ya coronavirisi 2019-20 ebimi, UNICEF azali kolendisa kobimisa emoji ya bosokoli maboko.
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
Bolukiluki mosusu etaleli motuya nyonso ya kosokola maboko na mikili ya bobola na oyo etali likebisi ya DALYs.
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
Kasi, botaleli moko elakisi ete kolendisa kosokola maboko na sabuni esengaka mbongo mingi te soki tokokanisi yango na banzela mosusu na ndakisa mai mpe mayele mosusu ya kotya bopeto.
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing".
Ntina ya kosokola maboko mpo na kolongono ya nzoto ya mingimingi mpo na bato oyo baza na likama na ndakisa bamama oyo bauti kobota to basoda bazoki oyo bazali na balopitalo – bandimaki yango na mbala ya liboso na katikati ya siekle ya 19 na bato mibale oyo babandisaki mosala ya kosokola maboko: Ignaz Semmelweis, monganga ya Hongrois, oyo asalaki na Vienne, na Autriche mpe Florence Nightingale, moto ya Angleterre “oyo abandaki mosala ya mafulume".
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
Na ntango wana, bato mingi bazalaki kondima kaka ete maladi euta na bansolo ya mabe oyo babengaki miasme.
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
Na mibu 1980, kobima ya maladi euti na bilei mpe ya maladi euti na kosalisa bato ya maladi, epusaki ba centre ya États-Unis oyo ebundisaka maladi mpe ebatelaka yango na kolendisa mingi lisusu bopeto ya maboko mpe koloba ete ezali ntina mingi mpo na kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te.
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
Kobima ya grippe ya bangulu na 2009 mpe ya maladi mabe ya COVID-19 na 2020, epusi bato ya mikili mingi batya likebi na ntina ya kosokola maboko na sabuni mpona komitabela na maladi mabe ya ndenge wana.
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany.
Na ndakisa, bapankarte bakoma "lolenge ya malamu ya kosokola maboko" batyaki yango pene ya bisika ya kosokola maboko ya bawese ya bato nyonso mpe na bawese ya babiro mpe ba aeroport na Allemagne.
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it.
Maloba "kosokola maboko ya moto na" likambo moko, elingi koloba koboya kozwa mokumba mpona eloko moko to koboya kosangana na yango.
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
Ebimelaki na eteni ya biblia esika Matayo akoma ete Ponte Pilato asokolaki maboko na ekateli ya kobaka Yesu Klisto na ekulusu, kasi ekoma maloba oyo bato basalelaka mingi na bamboka oyo bato balobaka Anglais.
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
Na lisapo ya Shakespeare ebengami Macbeth, Mama Macbeth abandi kosokola maboko oyo esengami mpo na kopetola mbindo oyo ezalaki kaka na makanisi, oyo elakisi bososoli na ye ya mabe na makambo mabe ya kobuka mibeko oyo ye asalaki mpe apusaki mobali na ye na kosala.
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
Emonani ete nsima ya kokundwela bato bizaleli ya mabe to soki bango moko bakaniseli yango, mbala mingi bakosokola maboko koleka bato mosusu, mpe bazali na matondo mingi na biloko esalisaka na kosokola maboko.
Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering.
Lisusu, bato oyo bapesi bango nzela ya kosokola maboko nsima ya makanisi wana mingi basanganaka lisusu te na makambo misusu ya makasi ya “bopeto,” na ndakisa kosala mosala ya komipesa.
Religions prescribe hand washing for both hygienic and symbolic purposes.Symbolic hand washing, using water but no soap to wash hands, is a part of ritual hand washing featured in many religions, including Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism, tevilah and netilat yadayim in Judaism, Lavabo in Christianity, and Wudhu in Islam.Religions also prescribe hygienic hand washing, especially after certain actions.
Na losambo, mangomba esengaka kosokola maboko mpo na bopeto mpe ya elilingi. Kosokola maboko ya elilingi, oyo basalelaka mai kasi sabuni te mpo na kosokola maboko, ezali bindimeli ya kosokola maboko na mangomba mingi, na ndakisa na lingomba ya Bahá'í, ya Hindou, ya tevilah mpe na netilat yadayim na lingomba ya Bayuda, Lavabo na lingomba ya Boklisto mpe Wudhu na lingomba ya ba Mizilma. Mangomba esengaka mpe bato basokola maboko mpo na bopeto, mingimingi nsima ya kosala makambo moko boye.
Hinduism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands after using the toilet.
Lingomba ya Hindu, ya Bayuda mpe ya ba Mizilma batya mobeko ete bato basokola maboko nsima ya kokende na wese.
And, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands before and after every meal.
Lisusu, lingomba ya Hindu, ya Bouddha, ya Sikhi, ya Bayuda mpe ya Mizilma batya mobeko bato basokola maboko liboso mpe nsima ya kolya.
Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education
Bopusi ya maladi mabe coronavirisi 2019–20 na kelasi
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
Coronavirisi 2019–20 ebebisi mabongisi ya mateya na mokili mobimba, esali ete biteyelo mpe ba iniversite ekangama.
As of 8 April 2020, approximately 1.716 billion learners have been affected due to school closures in response to COVID-19.
Na mokolo ya 8 sanza ya minei 2020, bana kelasi pene ya bamilliard 1,716 bazwa mpasi mpo na bokangami ya biteyelo mpo na kobundisa COVID-19.
According to UNESCO monitoring, 188 countries have implemented nationwide closures and 5 have implemented local closures, impacting about 99.4% of the world's student population.
Na kolanda botaleli ya UNESCO, mikili 188 bakangi bakelasi na mboka na bango mobimba mpe bokangami ya ekolo mobimba mpe mikili 5 ekangi biteyelo ndambu, yango epesi mpasi na bana ya kelasi pene ya 99,4% na mokili mobimba.
On 23 March 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.
Na mokolo ya 23 sanza ya misato 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) abimisaki maloba etatolaki ete ba annulaki Cambridge IGCSE, Niveau O ya Cambridge, Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level, Dipolme ya Cambridge AICE , mpe ba Pre-U ekzame ya Cambridge mpo na sanza ya mitano/motoba 2020 na mikili nyonso.
International Baccalaureate exams have also been cancelled.School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families, but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.
Ekzame baccalaureat Internationale ezalaki mpe annule. Bokangami ya biteyelo epesi mpasi kaka te na bana ya kelasi, bateyi mpe mabota, kasi mpe na nkita mpe mokili mobimba.
School closures in response to COVID-19 have shed light on various social and economic issues, including student debt, digital learning, food insecurity, and homelessness, as well as access to childcare, health care, housing, internet, and disability services.
Bokangami ya biteyelo mpo na COVID-19 ebimisi na mpwasa makambo mosusu ya bomoi mpe ya nkita, ata mpe banyongo ya bana ya kelasi, boyekoli ya digitali, kozanga bilei, kozanga esika ya kofanda, mpe kozanga misala neti esika ya kobatela bana, kolongono ya nzoto, bandako, internet, mpe misala ya kosalisa bibosono.
The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.
Bopusi na yango ezalaki makasi mingi na bana ya babola mpe na mabota na bango, esalaki ete kelasi ekatana, bana bazanga bilei, mpe mpasi ya mbongo mpo na mabota oyo bazali na mosala te. Nsima ya kokangama ya bakelasi, UNESCO elendisaki kosalela manaka ya koteya ya mosika mpe kosala ba-application mpe bisika mpo biteyelo mpe balakisi bakutana na bana kelasi na mosika mpe ebebisa mingi te programe ya koteya bato.
Efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted the widespread closure of primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling in over 100 countries.Previous outbreaks of infectious diseases have prompted widespread school closings around the world, with varying levels of effectiveness.
Bokasi ya kokata bopalangani ya bokono ya COVID-19 na bosaleli ya bamezile ya banzela ya bankisi te lokola bokaboli bato na bobombami bwa bato moko-moko eye kobanda bokanga bipai bianso ya biteyelo ya yambo, ya mibale, na ya misato na mikolo mboka toloba koleka 100. Bokono ya bokabwani na lombango ya liboso etindaki bokangami ya biteyelo na mokili mobimba kasi degre ya bolamu na yango ekesanaki.
Mathematical modelling has shown that transmission of an outbreak may be delayed by closing schools.
Bamodele ya mathematiki elakisi ete bokabola ya bokono ekokokangama kamwa na bokangi ya biteyelo.
However, effectiveness depends on the contacts children maintain outside of school.
Kasi nde, bolamu na yango eyebanaka na bobelemi ya bokangani ya bana na bato ya libanda ya biteyelo.
School closures may be effective when enacted promptly.
Bokangami ya biteyelo ebongisaka makambo soki esalami noki-noki.
If school closures occur late relative to an outbreak, they are less effective and may not have any impact at all.
Soki bakangi biteyelo mikolo mingi nsima ya kobima ya maladi, esalisaka mpenza te mpe mbala mosusu ekozala na bopusi moko te.
Additionally, in some cases, the reopening of schools after a period of closure has resulted in increased infection rates.
Lisusu, ntango mosusu, kofungwama ya biteyelo nsima ya eleko ya kokanga yango esala ete taux ya kopanzana ya maladi emata.
As closures tend to occur concurrently with other interventions such as public gathering bans, it can be difficult to measure the specific impact of school closures.During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, school closures and public gathering bans were associated with lower total mortality rates.
Lokola bokangami eyaka mingi-mingi elongo na ba intervention mosusu, ndakisa bopekisi ya bokutani ya bato ebele, ekozala mpasi mingi mpo na koyeba mambi matali bokangami ya biteyelo. Na maladi ya grippe ya 1918-1919 na ekolo ya États-Unis, bokangami ya biteyelo na bosangani ya bato esalaki ete bato bakufi mingi te.
Cities that implemented such interventions earlier had greater delays in reaching peak mortality rates.
Bingumba oyo esalelaki ba intervention ya lolenge wana liboso bawumelaki mpo bazwa motango ya likolo na liwa ya bato.
Schools closed for a median duration of 4 weeks according to a study of 43 US cities' response to the Spanish Flu.
Biteyelo ekangamaki na moyenne bamposo 4 na bolandi boyekoli ya bingumba 43 ya États-Unis nsima ya kobima ya grippe ya Espaniole.
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian flu by 90% during the 1957–58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004–2008.Multiple countries successfully slowed the spread of infection through school closures during the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Emonani ete bokangami ya biteyelo ekitisaki motango ya bato oyo bakufaki na Asie na grippe 90% na kobima na yango ya 1957-58, mpe emataki kino na 50% mpo bamibatelaki na grippe na États-Unis, na 2004–2008. Mikili ebele elongaki kokitisa bopalangani ya bokono na bokangami ya biteyelo na mbula ya maladi ya grippe ya H1N1 2009.
School closures in the city of Oita, Japan, were found to have successfully decreased the number of infected students at the peak of infection; however closing schools was not found to have significantly decreased the total number of infected students.
Bokangi ya biteyelo na engumba Oita, Japon, emonanaki ete ekitisaka mingi mpenza motango ya bana oyo bazwaki maladi wana ntango ekomaki makasi mingi; kasi bokangi ya biteyelo ekitisaki mpenza te motango ya bana banso ya kelasi bazwaki maladi yango.
Mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates.
Mibeko bakonzi bazwaki ya kokanga biteyelo mpe kopekisa bato basangana esalaki ete taux ya bato oyo bazwaki grippe ekita na 29% ti 37%.
Early school closures in the United States delayed the peak of the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Bokangi ya biteyelo noki-noki na États-Unis, esalaki ete maladi mabe ya grippe H1N1 2009 emata mpenza te.
Despite the overall success of closing schools, a study of school closures in Michigan found that "district level reactive school closures were ineffective."During the swine flu outbreak in 2009 in the UK, in an article titled "Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic" published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, a group of epidemiologists endorsed the closure of schools in order to interrupt the course of the infection, slow further spread and buy time to research and produce a vaccine.
Atako kokanga biteyelo esalisi mingi, bolukiluki moko na oyo etali kokanga biteyelo na Michigan emonaki ete “kokanga biteyelo na etuka na bango esalaki eloko te. Na ntango ya grippe ya bangulu ya 2009 ebimaki na Royaume-Uni, nkoma moko babengi "Kokanga biteyelo na ntango ya maladi mabe ya grippe” oyo babimisaki na Lancet Infectious Diseases, lisanga moko ya ba epidemiologiste balobaki kokanga biteyelo eza malamu mpo na kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te, mpe kozwa ntango ya kosala bolukiluki mpe kobimisa mangwele.
Having studied previous influenza pandemics including the 1918 flu pandemic, the influenza pandemic of 1957 and the 1968 flu pandemic, they reported on the economic and workforce effect school closure would have, particularly with a large percentage of doctors and nurses being women, of whom half had children under the age of 16.
Nsima ya koyekola maladi mabe ya gripe ata mpe grippe ya 1918, grippe ya 1957 mpe ya 1968, balobaki mpasi oyo kokanga biteyelo ememaki na nkita mpe na mosala, mingimingi mpo minganga na ba infirmer mingi baza basi, mpe katikati na bana na bango bakokisi nanu te 16.
They also looked at the dynamics of the spread of influenza in France during French school holidays and noted that cases of flu dropped when schools closed and re-emerged when they re-opened.
Batalaki mpe makasi ya bopalangani ya grippe na France ntango bana ya kelasi ya France bazalaki na congé mpe balobaki ete grippe ekitaki ntango bakangaki biteyelo mpe ekomaki lisusu makasi ntango bafungolaki yango.
They noted that when teachers in Israel went on strike during the flu season of 1999–2000, visits to doctors and the number of respiratory infections dropped by more than a fifth and more than two fifths respectively.
Balobaki ete ntango balakisi na Israele basalaki greve na ntango ya grippe ya 1999-2000, bavisite epai ya minganga mpe motango ya bato ya maladi ya mpema ekitaki na ndambo moko na kati ya mitano mpe ndambo mibale na kati ya mitano.
For schools and childcare facilities, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends short-term closure to clean or disinfect if an infected person has been in a school building regardless of community spread.
Mpo na biteyelo mpe bisika babatelaka bana, Ba centre oyo ebundisaka maladi mpe ebatelaka bato na maladi wana elobaki bakanga yango na ntango mokuse mpo na kotya bopeto to kolongola mbindo soki moto moko azalaki na lopango ya eteyelo ata soki epanzani ndenge nini na mboka.
When there is minimal to moderate community transmission, social distancing strategies can be implemented such as cancelling field trips, assemblies, and other large gatherings such as physical education or choir classes or meals in a cafeteria, increasing the space between desks, staggering arrival and dismissal times, limiting nonessential visitors, and using a separate health office location for children with flu-like symptoms.
Soki bokono ezopanzana mingi mpenza te na kati ya bato, bokoki kosalela mayele ya kopekisa bato bakutana na ndakisa kopekisa mibembo, mayangani, mpe makita mosusu ya minene na ndakisa education physique to korale na biteyelo to kolya na restaurant, ata mpe distance ezokabola babiro, kozelazela na ntango ya koya to ya kokende, koboya bavisite ezangi ntina, mpe kosalela babiro ya minganga ekeseni mpo na bana oyo bazali na bilembo ya grippe.
When there is substantial transmission in the local community, in addition to social distancing strategies, extended school dismissals may be considered.
Soki bokaboli ya bokono ezali makasi na esika bofandi, longola mayele ya kosenga bato bazala mosika na basusu, bokoki kokanisa kokanga biteyelo.
On 26 January, China instituted measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak which included extending the Spring Festival holiday to contain the outbreak.
Na mokolo ya 26 sanza ya yambo, Chine atyaki mibeko mpo na kobundisa maladi COVID-19 ata mpe kobongola date ya fete ya Printemps mpo na kokanga yango nzela epanzana te.
Universities and schools around the country closed.
Bakangaki ba iniversite na biteyelo ya mboka wana.
On 23 February, Iran's Ministry of Health announced the closure of universities, higher educational institutions and schools in several cities and provinces.
Na mokolo ya 23 sanza ya mibale, ministere ya santé ya Iran elobaki bakangi ba iniversite, biteyelo ya likolo na biteyelo na bingumba mpe bituka.
On 3 March, UNESCO released the first global numbers on school closures and affected students.
Na mokolo ya 3 sanza ya misato, UNESCO abimisi motango ya liboso ya biteyelo oyo bakangaki na mokili mobimba mpe bana kelasi oyo kelasi ekatanaki.
It reported that 13 countries had enacted preventive measures including the temporary closure of schools and universities, impacting 290.5 million students around the world.
Balobaki ete mikili 13 babimisaki mibeko ya kokanga maladi nzela epanzana te na ndakisa kokanga biteyelo mpe ba iniversite mpo na ntango moke, yango epesaki mpasi na bana kelasi bamilio 290,5 na mokili mobimba.
In reaction, UNESCO called on countries to support affected students and families and facilitate large-scale inclusive distance learning programmes.
Yango wana, UNESCO esengaki mikili basalisa bana kelasi oyo bazwi mpasi mpe mabota na bango mpe basalisa bango na kozwa mateya na nzela ya baprograme ya boyekoli ya mosika.
On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths.
Na mokolo ya 4 sanza ya misato, guvernema ya Italie epesaki mobeka bakanga biteyelo mpe ba iniversite nyonso na Italie mpo bato 100 basi bakufaki.
In doing so, Italy became one of 22 countries on three continents which had announced or implemented school closures.
Na kosalaka bongo, Italie ekomaki moko ya mikili 22 oyo elobaki ete bakanga biteyelo to bakokanga yango.
On 5 March, the majority of learners affected by COVID-19 emergency measures were located in China, with 233 million learners affected, followed by Japan at 16.5 million and Iran at 14.5 million.
Na mokolo ya 5 sanza ya misato, bayekoli mingi oyo bazwaki mokakatano mpo na mibeko ya lombangu bazwaki mpo na COVID-19 bazalaki na Chine, bayekoli bamilio 233 bazwaki mokakatano wana, na nsima na Japon motango na bango ezalaki bamilio 16,5 mpe Iran bamilio 14,5.
By 10 March, one in five students worldwide was "staying away from school due to the COVID-19 crisis" while another one in four was barred from higher education institutions.
Na mokolo ya 10 sanza ya misato, mwana kelasi moko na kati ya mitano na mokili mobimba “ezalaki kokende kelasi te mpo na COVID-19" ebongo moko na kati ya minei bazalaki kokende biteyelo ya minene te.
On 13 March, governments in 49 countries announced or implemented school closures, including 39 countries which closed schools nationwide and 22 countries with localised school closures.
Na mokolo ya 13 sanza ya misato, baguvernema ya mikili 49 balobaki to bakangaki biteyelo, kati na yango mikili 39 oyo ekangaki biteyelo na mboka mobimba mpe mikili 22 oyo ekangaki biteyelo oyo bango moko baponaki.
By 16 March, this figure increased from 49 to 73 countries according to UNESCO.
Na mokolo ya 16 sanza ya misato, UNESCO alobaki ete motango wana elongwaki na 49 mpe ekomaki mikili 73.
By 19 March, 50% of students worldwide were affected by school closures, corresponding to nationwide closures in 102 countries and local closures in 11 countries affecting 850 million children and youth.
Na mokolo ya 19 sanza ya misato, bana ya kelasi 50% na mokili mobimba bazwaki mokakatano mpo na bokangi biteyelo, emonisi ete na mikili 102 bakangaki biteyelo ya mboka mobimba mpe mikili 11 bakangaki biteyelo ndambu; bana mpe bilenge bamilio 850 bazwaki mokakatano mpo na yango.
By 20 March, over 70% of the world's learners were impacted by closures, with 124 country-wide school closures.
Na mokolo ya 20 sanza ya misato, bayekoli koleka 70% na mokili mobimba bazwaki mokakatano mpo na bokangi wana; mikili 124 bakangaki biteyelo nyonso ya mboka na bango.
On 23 March, all Nigerian school were found to have been closed down by Nigerian government, markets as well as companies were closed down and children were forbidden by parents to step out of their homes.
Na mokolo ya 23 sanza ya misato, guvernema ya Nigeria ekangaki biteyelo nyonso, bazando mpe bakompani mpe baboti bapekisaki bana na bango na kobima libanda ya bandako.
On 26 March, all New Zealand schools and universities have been closed down across the country.
Na mokolo ya 26 sanza ya misato, biteyelo mpe ba iniverisite nyonso ya Nouvelle Zélande ekangamaki na mboka mobimba.
The government has imposed a two-week holiday, allowing schools to transition to forms of distant teaching as soon as possible.
Guvernema epesaki bango congé ya bamposo mibale; epesaki biteyelo nzela ya kobanda kosalela lolenge ya koteya na mosika soki likoki ezali.
Universities have closed for one week, but resumed with online teaching afterwards.
Bakangaki ba iniversite nyonso mpo na mposo moko, kasi ezongaka na nsima na koyekola na nzela ya internet.
Other school services remain open, but teaching is restricted to distant learning.
Misala mosusu ya biteyelo ekobaki, kasi koteya esukaki kaka na nzela ya internet.
By 27 March, nearly 90 percent of the world's student population was out of class.
Na mokolo ya 27 sanza ya misato, pene ya 90 pourcent ya bayekoli na mokili mobimba bazalaki kokende lisusu kelasi te.
Regions with schools remaining open included Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, Sweden, and some U.S. states.
Bituka oyo biteyelo ekangamaki te ezalaki Taïwan, Singapour, Australie, Swede, mpe bituka mosusu ya États-Unis.
By 29 March, more than 1.5 billion children and other students were affected by nationwide school closures.
Na mokolo ya 29 sanza ya misato, bana mpe bayekoli mosusu pene ya 1,5 miliard bazwaki mokakatano na mokili mobimba mpo bakangaki biteyelo.
Others were disrupted by localized closures.
Basusu bazwaki mokakatano mpo na bakangaki biteyelo moke.
Until April 6, holidays were extended in all secondary schools of Turkmenistan.
Kino na mokolo ya 6 sanza ya misato, biteyelo nyonso ya secondaire ya Turkmenistan ezalaki na congé.
An order signed by the Ministry of Education as a preventative measure aims to prevent the spread of respiratory diseases in connection with the WHO coronavirus pandemic.
Ministre ya santé abimisaki mobeko moko mpo na kokanga maladi ya mpema epanzana te na kolanda etinda ya OMS mpo na coronavirisi.
10 countries have localised schools closures, UNESCO estimates 473,933,356 learners are potentially at risk (pre-primary to upper-secondary education) and 77,938,904 learners are potentially at risk in tertiary education.
Mikili 10 ekangaki biteyelo oyo baponaki, UNESCO elobi ete bayekoli 473 933 356 bakoki kozala na likama (maternelle kino na secondaire) mpe bayekoli 77 938 904 baza na likama eza baoyo ya nivo ya tertiaire.
Note: Figures correspond to total number of learners enrolled at pre-primary, primary, lower-secondary, and upper-secondary levels of education [ISCED levels 0 to 3], as well as at tertiary education levels [ISCED levels 5 to 8] who could be affected should localised closures become countrywide.
Likebisi: Mitango ekokani na motango ya bayekoli bakomisaki na maternelle, primaire, secondaire ya nse, mpe secondaire ya likolo [banivo SCED 0 kino na 3], mpe eteyelo ya tertiaire [banivo SCED 5 kino na 8] oyo bakoki kozala na mokakatano soki bakangaki biteyelo na mokili mobimba.
Enrolment figures based on latest UNESCO Institute of Statistics data.
Motango ya bayekoli bamikomisa na kotalela bansango ya sika ya institut de statstique UNESCO.
School closures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have shed a light on numerous issues affecting access to education, as well as broader socio-economic issues.
Kokanga biteyelo mpo na maladi mabe ya COVID-19 esalisi na koyeba makambo mingi oyo ekangaka bato nzela bayekola, mpe komonisa polele makambo ya mpasi ya mbongo.
As of March 12, more than 370 million children and youth are not attending school because of temporary or indefinite country wide school closures mandated by governments in an attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19.
Na mokolo ya 12 sanza ya misato, bana mpe bilenge koleka bamilio 370 bazalaki kokende te kelasi mpo bakangaki biteyelo mpo na ntango moke to mpo na ntango eyebani te na mokili na bango na kolanda mobeko baguvernema bazwaki mpo na kokanga COVID-19 nzela epanzana te.
As of 29 March, nearly 90% of the world's learners were impacted by closures.Even when school closures are temporary, it carries high social and economic costs.
Na mokolo ya 29 sanza ya misato, pene ya bayekoli 90% na mokili mobimba bazalaki na mokakatano mpo na bokangi wana. Ata ntango bakangi yango mpo na ntango mokuse, ezalaki mpasi mingi na makambo ya bomoi mpe ya nkita.
The disruptions they cause affect people across communities, but their impact is more severe for disadvantaged children and their families including interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems and consequent economic cost to families who cannot work.
Bampasi na yango ekomelaka bato ya mikili mingi, kasi ezalaka mpasi mingi mpo na bana ya babola mpe mabota na bango mpo yango ekataka boyekoli, bana bazangaka bilei, bazangaka babateli mpe esengaka mabota oyo ezosala te babimisa mbongo.
Working parents are more likely to miss work when schools close in order to take care of their children, incurring wage loss in many instances and negatively impacting productivity.
Baboti oyo basalaka bazangaki mpenza mosala soki biteyelo ekangami mpo esengaka babatela bana na bango, yango esalaka bazanga basalere mpe mosala esalemaka malamu te.
Localised school closures place burdens on schools as parents and officials redirect children to schools that are open.
Kokanga biteyelo oyo baponi etyaka kilo mingi na mapeka ya baboti mpe bakonzi mpe bakomisa bana na biteyelo oyo ekangami te.
Women often represent a large share of health-care workers and often cannot attend work because of childcare obligations that result from school closures.
Mbala mingi basi bazalaka motango monene ya bato oyo babatelaka bana mpe mbala mingi bakoki te kokende mosala mpo basengeli kobatela bana oyo biteyelo ekangami.
This means that many medical professionals are not at the facilities where they are most needed during a health crisis.
Elimboli ete minganga mingi baza te na bisika na bango ya mosala esika oyo baza mpenza na mposo na bango mpo na maladi oyo.
Lack of access to technology or fast, reliable internet access can prevent students in rural areas and from disadvantaged families.
Kozanga technologie to internet ya malamu ekoki kokanga bayekoli ya bamboka nzela mpe kozala mpasi mpo na mabota ya bobola.
Lack of access to technology or good internet connectivity is an obstacle to continued learning, especially for students from disadvantaged families.
Kozanga technologie to internet ya malamu eza likama mpo na kokoba koyekola, mingimingi mpo na bayekoli oyo baza na mabota ya bobola.