atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
B’COVID-19 apps ezali baaplication ya telephone oyo esalemi mpona kolanda bato oyo bakoki kozala na maladi ya pandemi ya coronavirisi ya 2019-20. Lekola, ndenge ya koyeba (‘’bato’’) oyo bakokaki kozala esika moko na moto oyo azalaki na maladi.
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
Baaplication mingi esalemaki, mpe na lisungi ya gouvernema na bisika misusu.
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
Ba ndenge mingi ya kolandela bato esalemaki na baaplication ya telephone.
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Bato basepekali te na ndenge ezali kotia miso na basekele ya bato, lekola basystem oyo ezali kolanda esika oyo bato bazali.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Ya kotia miso mingi te na kati ya basekele ya bato ezali basignal ya Bluetooth oyo ekoyebisa moto soki azali pene na ba telephone misusu.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
Na mokolo ya 10 sanza ya minei 2020, Google na Apple balobaki ete bakotia basystem ya kosunga application ya Bluetooth wana na kati ya Android na iOS.
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
Na Chine, gouvernema ya Chine, elongo moko na Alipay, esali application oyo esungi bato ya mboka koyeba soki bazalaki pene na moto oyo azali na COVID-19.
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
Ezali kosalema kati na bigumba 200 na Chine, na Singapore, application moko nkombo TraceTogether ezali kosalema.
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
Bato ya mayele ya IT na kati ya egumba moto basalaki application yango, babimisaki yango mpona moto nyonso asalisa mpe bako pesa yango na gouvernema. Macedoine ya Nord ebimisaki ‘’StopKorona!’’, application ya Bluetooth oyo ekomona soki moto amipesi na maladi epayi ya moto oyo azali na maladi mpe kosunga etumba ya gouvernema na kolongono.
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
App esalemaki na Minisere ya Communication mpe ya Technologie na Ministere ya Kolongono.
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Na mokolo ya 14 sanza ya minei 2020, application ezalaki kozela endimelo ya Google Play na ya Apple App Store.
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
Na mokolo ya 12 sanza ya minei, gouvernema elobaki application ya kolandela bato ekomaki mosika, mpe bakokoka kosalela yango na ba poso oyo ezali koyaka. Application mosusu ya boye ezali kosalema na Ireland, mpe na France (‘’StopCovid’’).
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
Australie na Nouvelle Zealand balingi kosalela application oyo ezali na Singapore TraceTogether mpe BlueTrace protocol. Russie ezali kosala application oyo ekomona bato oyo bazali na COVID-19 oyo bazali kofanda na Moscow, ekosalema mpona kolandela bango mpo ete babima libanda ya ndako te.
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
Ross Anderson, molakisi ya securite ya ingenieur na universite ya Cambridge, ayebisaki makambo mingi oyo ekoki kosalema na ba system ya application oyo, lekola bapositives ya lekuta, mpe mpasi mpona etambola malamu mpo ete application ekoki kosalisa kaka bato ndabo ya mboka.
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
Kolandela mitungisi na makambo yo ‘baaplication ya coronavirisi’ ekoki komema, Apple atie limit na baorganization oyo bakoki kotia application na App Store, kosukisa yango kaka na basali ya ‘’gouvernema’’ to baorganization misusu oyo eyebani makasi.
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
Google na Amazon mpe ekotisi mibeko wana.
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Bato yo bazila kobundela bonsoni ya kobomba ba sekekele ya bato mpona kokengela, bamituni soki bisika ya kosala mosala yango na ndenge ya malamu ezali mpe soki ekobebisama nsima ya coronavirisi
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Amesty International baorganization misusu 100 babengi bato batia mibeko na bolandela bato oyo eko salema.
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
Baorganizations bakomaki batoli nsambo oyo gouvernema ekoki kolandela:
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
Kokengela esalema nakotosa ‘’mibeka mpe na ndenge y amalamu’’.
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
Esengeli ezala nan tango ya kosukisa kokengela;
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
Mitango ekosalema kaka mpona COVID-19;
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
Esengeli babetala makambo ya bato mpe bankombo na bango mpe esengeli balakisa te bazali kosala yango;
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
Kokengela na ndenge ya ordinateur esalema na kati ya koyina basusu te ;
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
Kokabola mitango na bato libanda ya mosala oyo esengeli episama na mibeko oyo ekomami;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
Esengeli ezala na ndenge ya kobatela bato ya mboka mpe kosunga soki moko amona mpasi mpona mosali oyo;
"meaningful participation" by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
‘’Moyo nyonso azala na kati ya mosala oyo’’ mpona ‘’bato’’ nyonso esengelami, mpe oyo ya basali ya kolongono ya bato mpe ba oyo bazali na bato ya kobatela bango te. German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) mpe na Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) mpe bakomaki ya bango batoli.
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Plan ya Google na ya Apple ekobenda matoyi na likambo ya kokengela oyo na kolongola system yango soki ntina na yango ezali lisusu te.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Bamboka misusu basalisaki kolanda bato na reseau kasi na application te, yango esengi te bato bazala na application mpe bakoki kokima ekengeli.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Na Israel, kolandela na reseau endimamaki.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Kolandela na reseau oyo elakisi wapi moto azali ezali mpe kotia miso na makambo oyo esengeli te.
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Kasi, basystem nyonso te esengeli eyeba esika oyo moto azali; ba system mingi oyo ebatelaka kokengela ya bato esalemi na intercommunication (tala section ya nse).
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Na Core ya Sud, balandelaki na oyo esengi te bato bazala na application.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Na oyo basalela application, bazwaki ba information na bisika mingi lekola telephone, bakarte ya mbongo, mpe basalisi yango mpona koyebisa bato na SMS bakoki kozala na maladi.
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Mpe bayebisaki ba oyo mpe balekaki nzela wana, mpe gouvernema asalaki ete bato nyonso ba yeba esika yango, eloko oyo ezali ya malamu na kati ya mibeko mpo ete esalemaki na pandemi ya MERS oyo esalemaki na kati ya mboka.
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Information oyo moto nyonso akoki komona yango na baapplication mingi mpe ba siteweb. Bamboka lekola Germany balingaki basalela system ya kati na oyo eko batela kokengela ya bato.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
Na mokolo ya 6 sanza ya minei 2020, babimisaki yango naino te.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Kolandela eyebani malamu, na ba etid mingi uta 2013. Na mokolo ya 7 sanza ya minei 2020, bayekoli mingi koleka zomi na mibale bazalaki kosala basystem oyo eko batela kokengela ya bato, lekola bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mpona ko yebisa telephone soki ezali pene ya mosusu.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Kasi, PEPP-PT ezali makasi ya mosala ya kati na ya libanda, mpe ezali na toli moko te ya kosalela yango. Ba protocol ya libanda ezali keloka Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact (TCN. fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN) Privacy Sensible Protocols na Mechanisms ya Kolandela bato na telephone.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Na baprotocol oyo, makambo ya kati ya moto ekobima te, mpe nyonso ekosalema kaka na telephone.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Group Prive na MIT Media Lab ezali kosala SafePaths, esika ya kosalela mosala ya kobatela makambo ya bato ntango bazali kozwa makambo mpe kosalisa esika oyo to kolandela bisika oyo bato bakutani mpona kolandela kopalangana ya COVID-19.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Euti na etid ya mokanda ya mpembe ‘’Apps Gone Rogue: Kobatela makambo ya bato na pandemi ‘’ Ebimaki na sanza ya misato 2020. Mosala mosusu ezalaki ya SafeTrade ya Enigma MPZ, companie oyo ezali kosala batechnology ya kobatela makambo ya bato oyo babandaki uta mosala na bango na MIT Media Lab.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
SafeTrade ezali kosalisa bamachine ya technologie oyo ebombaka makambo ya bato mpo été bato bapona soki balingi kopesa esika oyo bazali mpe makambo ya kolongono na bango na bato misusu mpe bato ya gouvernema, kasi nako buka mibeko ya kobomba mitango te.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Na mokolo ya 5 sanza ya minei 2020, Coalition ya mokili ya TCN ebandaki na lisanga ya bato oyo bayokanaki na ndenge ya kosala makambo, mpo été bato bamona mpasi mingi te, mpe kosalisa interporabilite ya mokili na kolanda mpe koalerte ba applications, ezalaki ntina mpona mokili nyonso ebanda kosalela yango.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Na mokolo ya 9 sanza ya minei 2020, gouvernema ya Singapore elobaki été ezalaki na baprotocol ya BlueTrace oyo bato na bango ya gouvernema bazali kosalela.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Na mokolo ya 10 sanza ya minei 2020, Google na Apple, Bacompanie oyo basali Android na IOS balobaki mosala moko ebandi mpona kosunga kolandela ya bato kasi ekobatela mpe basekele ya bato, ekosalema na technologie ya Bluetooth Low Energy mpe na oyo ezali kobomba makambo ya bato Cryptography.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Babimisi mpe mokanda oyo elakisaki technologie ya kati oyo bakosalela.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Mpona Apple na Google, system ekosalema na batep misato:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
Kobongisa biloko oyo bakosala application yango ya kolandela bato mpona kosunga gouvernema na kobatela makambo ya bato.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
Kokotisa yango na IOS mpe na AndroidGoogle mpe Apple alingi kolandela makambo ya kobomba makambo ya bato na kokotisa system yango na basystem oyo ezali kotambola, mpe nsima kolongola yango ndenge wana kaka
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Koluka kisi ya b’COVID-19 ezali etid oyo ezali kosalema mpona kosala vaccin to kisi oyo eko kitisa likama ya coronarivirisi 2019-20 (COVID-19) na kati ya nzoto ya moto.
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
Esika ya International ya komeka bakisi ya OMS emona ba etid koleka 536 oyo ezali kosalema mpona nsima ya COVID-19, na komeka bakisi ya ba virisi misusu.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Na sanza ya misato, OMS ebandaki ‘’KOMEKA YA BOMOKO’’ na bamboka 10, kotia bankombo ya bato mingi oyo bazali kobela COVID-19 na komeka bakisi minei mpona komona oyo wapi eleki.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Mokanda ebimaki na sanza ya minei 2020 mpona kolandela ba kisi oyo bazali komeka na ya vaccin ya COVID-19. Kosala vaccin na kisi ezali baetap mingi, esengaki bambula 5 mpona kozwa ya malamu.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Kosala kisi ezali mosala oyo ezali komema kisi to vaccin na bazando ntango combinaison ya malamu eko yebana na etid ya koluka kisi.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Elandi etid ya bamicroorganisms na laboratoire ya banyama, kosenga toli, lekola na FDA, investigation ya kisi esengeli esalema mpona komeka ebanda na nzoto ya bato, mpe ekoki kosenga etap ya kozwa mokanda oyo endimi kisi wana ekota zando.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Koluka kisi to Vaccin ya COVID-19 ebandaka na kosangisa bakisi na prophylactic ya baccin na bakisi ya virisi ya lobi.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Bakisi ya sika (NCEs, oyo babengi mpe bamelecule to NMEs) ezali bacombinaison oyo euti na koluka kisi to vaccin ya virisi.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Ekoki kozala ntina mpe malamu na oyo etungisi maladi ya COVID-19.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Na ebandeli ya koluka vaccin to kisi, moke eyebani na soki ezali malamu, toxic, pharmacockinets, na nzoto ya NCE ya bato.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Ezali mosala ya koluka kisi oyo esengi kososola nyonso liboso ya kopesa yango na bato.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Likambo mosusu ya monene na koluka kisi ezali kopesa mikolo ya komeka mpe ndenge nini komela yango (‘’Komeka na bato ya liboso’’) [FIH] to Dose ya Bato ya Liboso [FHD], oyo bazalaki kobenga liboso ‘’Ya liboso na moto’’ [FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Mpe, kisi esengeli ezala na biloko ya physicochemical ya NCE: ndenge nini kisi esalemi, ezali na nini n akati, ezali malamu, mpe emwaganaka na mayi
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Ba oyo basalaka biloko esengeli bapusa liboso baetap ya kosala kisi mpo na oyo basal aba milligrams, basal aba kilogram mpe nsima ba ton.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Nsima bako mona soki kisi ezali komwangana na mayi mpona kokanga yango, kosali bakisi ya mokomoko, aerosol, kosalisa yango na tonga mpona ba miskle, tonga ya bisika misusu to formule ya intravenous.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Na bomoko, baetap oyo eyebani na mosala ya koluka bakisi lekola chimie, kosala mpe kolandela (CMC). Mosala mingi ya kosala kisi ezali mpona kosepelisa mibeko oyo gouvernema atie mpona kondima kisi.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Oyo ezali kosala baekzame mpona koyeba soki ezali malamu mpona combinaison ya sika na ba oyo bato basalela liboso.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Gouvernema ya Canada alobaki ete CA$275 milio ezali na baprojet 96 mpona etid ya COVID-19, lekola koluka vaccin na bauniversite ya Canada, oyo balingi basala ezali kosala ‘’banque ya bavaccin’’ mpona bavaccin ya sika mpona kosalisa soki coronavirisi mosusu eye.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Program ya Komeka bakisi ezali kosalema na baetap misato, bambula mingi mpo ete kisi endimama, etap ya minei, etap ya komeka mpe kosala etid mpona komona ete kisi to vaccin ezali malamu.
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Komeka ya etap ya I, na bato oyo bazali na kolongono malamu, ekoyebisa quantite ya komela kisi.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Phase II ekolakisi makasi na yango mpe bolamu na kati ya bato moke oyo bazali na maladi elandani na NCE.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Phase III ezali komeka ya monene, mpona komona soki kisi ezali kosimba mpe ezali malamu na kati ya bato ebele oyo bazali kobela na COVID-19.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Soki malamu mpe makasi na yango emonani malamu, komeka ekoki kosuka awa mpe NCE ekosenga mokanda mpona nokotisa nkombo ya kisi (NDA) na zando mpe koteka yango.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Phase IV ezali te nsima ya kondima komeka ya kisi oyo ekoki kozala etap oyo FDA esengi, mpe oyo babengi mpe kolandela nsima ya kokotisa kisi na zando.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Na Baekzame oyo esengeli esalema mpona kopusa vaccin to kisi na balicinic mpona mbala ya liboso, bato oyo bazali kosala bakisi esengeli bamona ete ba effet ya milayi mpe esosolami, mpe ba effet na oyo nani bamonaki te (Bato oyo balingi bazwa zemi, ba nzoto oyo ekoki kozwa zemi, system immune, mpe misusu).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Na Etats Unis etap oyo ebengami ‘’Application ya kisi ya sika’’ to NDA.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Kobongisa kisi ntango kisi esi ebimi ezali ‘’kobongisa ndenge ezali’’ soki ba etid mingi na ntango bazalaki komeka epesi ba effet ya malamu to ya mabe.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Bomoko ya Koluka ya mokili na ya koluka ya Europe na bato oyo bazali na lepital na COVID-19 ya makasi ezali kosunga na kobongisa bakisi na komona formule nini na minei oyo ekosimba.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Kobongisa kisi na Phase II-III na bato ekoki kokitisa mikolo ya komeka mpe ekoyebisa na makambo mingi te, ekoki mpe kotinda bato bazwa badecision ya noki na kolongola kisi yango to kokende liboso na yango, mpe kobongisa kisi mpona bamboka ya bapaya.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Bakisi mingi ya sika (NCEs) basimbaka te ntango kisi ezali kosalema, mpo ete ezali toxic to mpo ete ezali kosimba makasi te, lekola Phase II-III elakisi.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Kokwea ya bakisi bengami ‘’taux ya attrition’’, esengi badecision esalema na ebandeli ya koluka kisi mpona ‘koboma’’ project na ebandeli mpe kobungisa mbongo te.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Etid moko na 2010 emonaki etid oyo batie mbongo mpe oyo bazali kofuta bango moko mpona kokotisa kisi na zando na US$1.8bilio mpe $870 milio.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Talo ya kaikati ya komeka ya 2015-16 mpona kisi 10 ya cancer ezalaki $648 milio.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Na emoneli ya 2016 ya bakisi 106 oyo ezalaki komekama, mbongo oyo mosali bakisi abimisaki na Phase III oyo esimbaki ezalaki $2.6bilio (na 2013 dollars), mbongo oyo ezali komata bambula nyonso na 8.5
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Komeka ya bakisi nsambo oyo esalemaki elakisi ete ekoki kobikisa na palu, mpe baetid mingi ya hydroxychloroquine to chloroquine phosphate.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Kisi oyo ezalaka mpe babandi kosalela ezali mingi na Chine, na 9 na Phase III na remdesivir na kati ya bamboka mingi elobi rapor na nsuka ya sanza ya minei.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Ebandi na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation na bato misusu oyo batie US$125 milio mpe na kosala na Organization Mondiale ya Sante, kopusa ya kisi ya COVID-19 ebandaki na sanza ya misato, epusaki koluka kisi, kososola yango, kosala yango, mpe kobimisa mpona bato babanda komela.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Coalition ya Etid ya Bakisi mpona COVID-19 ebimisaki baresultat ya komeka na international mpo ete ekosimba kuna makasi.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Na ebandeli ya 2020, mingi basalaki bakisi ya kobundela maladi na bakisi oyo ezali to babandaki baetid ya komeka ya sika mpona kolonga COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Mpona kisi oyo basi bandimaki (lekola hydroxychloroquine mpona palu), Phase III-IV ya komeka na kati bankama ya bato oyo bazali kobela COVID-19 ebandaki kosalisa kisi oyo ezalaka mpona kobikisa COVID-19.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Na ebandeli ya sanza ya minei 2020, bato 103 babandaki Phase I-IV mpe na sanza ya minei tozali kozela baresultat ya bato 29.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Na sanza ya misato, Organisation Mondial ya Sante (OMS) ebandali ‘’Koluka na bomoko’’ na bamboka 10 mpona komona kati na bankama ya bato oyo bazali kobela na COVID-19 soki bakisi ya virisi mpe ya anti-inflamatoire ezali kosimba mpe yango nani esalema te mpona maladi ya COVID-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Moko na bakisi yango ekokitisa boni ya bato oyo bazali kokufa?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Moko na bakisi yango ekokitisa mikolo oyo esenge moto azala na lepital?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Bakisi yango ezali kokitisa mpona bato oyo bazali ya pneumonia etumbolami na COVID-19 ya kosalisa baventilateir to kosalisama makasi?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Bakisi yango ekoki kosalisama mpona kokitisa bamaladi oyo COVID-19 ezali kopesa na basali ya lepital mpe bato oyo bakoki kozwa yango noki to kotumbola bamaladi ya makasi? Kotia nkombo ya bato oyo bazali na COVID-19 ekomi lisusu mpasi te, mpe kondima na bango, esalemi na siteweb ya WHO.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Nsima ya komeka basali bako yebia kisi nini ezali na lepital, OMS eko yebisa lepilal mpe ndenge ya kosalisa COVID-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Monganga oyo azali kosunga moto ameka akolandela na kokoma mokanda oyo eyebisi wapI, mpe kisi, na siteweb ya OMS.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Tableau ya kolandela kobatelama ya banganga ya OMS ezali kosunga badecision mpe kochange makambo soki esengami
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Mosala mosusu ya Bomoko, babengi ‘’Koluka’’, ebandaki na sanza ya misato na bamboka nsambo na ISERM (Paris, France). NA sanza ya misato, ezalaki na mbono ya komeka US$108 milio euti na bato 203,000, baorganisations, mpe bagouverne,a, na bamboka 45 oyo bapesi mbongo mpe bazali kolandela komeka bakisi.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Bakisi mingi ezali na etid ya ‘’Kosunga’’ mpona kolongola motungisi soki moto azali kobela, lekola NSAIDS to Bronchodilate, etali na tableu ya nse oyo te.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Misusu na ebandeli Phase II ya komeka to bakisi misusu na komeka ya Phase I mpe bazali te.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Bakisi na Phase I-II ezali na pourcentage ya kosimba moke (nse ya 12%) mpo eleka baphase nyonso ya komeka mpe endimama.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Hydroxycloroquine ezali mingi na Etats Unis koleka Chloroquine.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Bamboka mingi basalelaka chloroquine to hydroxychloroquine mpona kosalisa bato oyo bazali na lepital kobela na COVID-19, na sanza ya misato 2020 kisi yango endimamaki naino te mpona komeka na Etats Unis.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chine mpe epesi toli ya kosalela Chloroquine, Core ya Sud na bakonzi ya kolongono na Italie mpona kosalisa COVID-19, kasi bango na CDC ya New York bamoni ete ezali malamu te mpona bato oyo bazali kobela motema.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Bakisi nyonso mibale ezali na bakisi ya zando, yango etungisi dose oyo esengami mpe kokitisa kopalangana ya maladi.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Bato misusu bazali allergic na bakisi oyo. Na mokolo ya 12 sanza ya minei, komeka ebandaki na lepital na Brazil esukaki ntango bapesaki bato mingi chloroquine ebele mpona COVID-19 mitema ekomaki kobeta noki, nsima 11 bakufaki.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Komena ya Chine na Wuhan mpe na Shenzhen elobaki ete favipavir ezalaki ‘’malamu penza’’.
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Na bato ya kobela 35 bateste negative na mikolo 4, kasi maladi ewumelaki mikolo 11 na bato ya kobela 45 oyo bazwaki yango te.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Na etid oyo basalaki na Wuhan na bato ya kobela 240 oyo bazalaki na pneumonia ndambo bapesaki bango favipavir mpe ndambo umifenovir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Oyo babengi ‘’etid ya liboso ya komeka bakisi’’ ezali mosala ya laboratoire ya vitro na vivo, oyo elingi kolakisa ebandela ya kosala vaccin, mpe kisi lekola kosala etid mpona komona dose mpe toxite, liboso ya kopesa yango na bato.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Bakisi misusu ekoki kosalema mpona kosalisa COVID-19:
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Na sanza ya misato 2020, protease ya liboso ya virisi ya SARS-CoV-2 emonamaki lekola kisi mpona sima ya maladi.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Enzyme oyo ezali ntina mpona cellule ebota ribonucleic acid ya virisi
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Mpona komona enzyme, bayekoli ya science basalisaki genome, bakomaki yango na baetid ya Chine na sanza ya liboso 2020 mpona komona protease ya liboso.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Mpona kobika esengeli kovukisa baformule ya kobikisama, ekosalema elongo moko na baphase III ya projet ya bomoko na 2020 mpona COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Etid ya liboso na Chine oyo basangisaki lopinavir na ritonavir emonaki ezalaki mabe te na bato oyo bakokati lepital mpona COVID-19.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Kobongisa b’Drug (oyo babengi mpe kisi ya kosalisa) ezali kosalisa kisi oyo ezali mpona kobikisa maladi to condition oyo baselelaki yango mpona.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Ezali liloba moko ya etid ya science oyo bazali kolandela mpona kosala kisi ya malamu mpona COVID-19.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Ba etid misusu elandi nzela ya koluka vaccin mpona COVID-19 mpe transfusion ya plasma. SARS-CoV-2 ezali na bakisi 66, nyonso ezali na ligand oyo esimbi yango.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Komona bisika oyo esimbani pesa mosala oyo ekoki kosalema mpona komona makasi ya kisi mpona COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Mpona SARS-CoV-2 ya ntina makasi, baprotein bazali lekola pa papain ya protease, RNA oyo etali polymerase ya RNA, helicase, S protein, na ADP ribophosphatase.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
Hussein AA na etid ya al batangi combinaison ya bato mingi emonanaki basosolaki skelet komona soki ekokami na kisi oyo ekoki kopusa koluka kisi ya SARS-CoV-2 lekola ndenge ya koluka kisi.
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
Chloroquine ezali kisi ya palu oyo esalamaka mpona bamaladi ya system immune.
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
Na mokolo ya 18 sanza ya misato, OMS elobaki ete Chloroquine na Hydroxycloroquine ekozala na kati ya bakisi minei kati ya Bomoko ya komeka bakisi.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Gouverneur ya New Andrew Cumo alobaki Egumba ya New York komeka chloroquine na hydroxychloroquine ekobanda mokolo ya 24 sanza ya misato. Na sanza ya misato mokolo ya 28, FDA endimaki basalela hydroxychloroquine sulfate na chloroquine phosphate na Likama Ya Kondimela yango mpona Kosalisa (EUA).
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
FDA endimaki te bameka kisi kasi endimamaki kati na EUA lekola kisi ya komeka mpona bato ya kobela oyo bazali na kati ya likama oyo bazali na lepital kasi bakoki kozwa kisi te.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
CDC elobi ‘kosalela, dose, mpe wumela ya hydroxychloroquine mpona kisi ya SARS-CoV-2’’ eyebani te.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
Banganga balobi bazali kosalela kisi yango soki ‘’kisi mosusu ezali te’’.
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Etid ya turkey oyo ezali kosalema na Istanbul ezali komona ndenge chloroquine ekosala soki bavukisi yango na Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin C na Vitamin D.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
Ba etid ya minene ezali kosalema na universite ya Duke mpe na Universite ya Oxford.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
Kelasi ya banganga na NYU Langone ezali komeka komona bolamu mpe mosala ya hydroxychloroquine.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Na Chine, komeka ya bakisi na Wuhan mpe na Shenzhen elakisaki ete Favipavir ezalaki ‘’makasi mpenza’’.
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Bato ya kobela 35 na Shenzhen bamonaki bango negative kati na mikolo 4, kasi wumela ya maladi ezali mikolo 11 kati na bato ya kobela 45 oyo bazwaki kisi te.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Na Etid oyo basalaki na Wuhan na bato ya kobela 240 oyo bazalaki na pneumonia, ndambo bapesaki bango favipiravir ndambo mosusu umifenovir.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
Agence ya pharmacy ya Italie epesaki toli na bato ete baresulta ya kisi ezali nani kaka na ebandeli.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
Na mokolo ya 2 ya sanza ya minei, Germany elobaki ete ekosomba kisi wana na Japan, bako salisa limpimgo mpona komema bango bakisi yango na balepital ya universite, bisika oyo kisi ekosalema mpona kosalisa bato bazali kobela na COVID-19.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Mpona basango ya South Chine Morning Post, Shinzo Abe akebisi biro ya Trump na kosomba kisi wana. Kisi yango ekoki kozala makasi mingi te na bato oyo bazali kobela makasi mpe virisi ekomi mingi na kati ya nzoto.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
Ekoki kozala malamu te mpona basi ya zemi to ba oyo bazali koluka zemi.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
Etid moko ya lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), combinaison ya lopinavir na ritonavir esalaki ‘’Eloko te ya makasi’’.
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Bakisi yango esalema mpona kopekisa virisi ya VIH ekoma mingi na kati ya nzoto.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Etid oyo esali bayekoli na Universite ya Colorado bazali kobongisa kisi yango mpona kosala kisi oyo ekosimba ya SARS-CoV-2. Misusu basepeli te mpo ete bazali kosalela biloko oyo esengeli basala bakisi mpona VIH/SIDA.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
OMS ekotisaki lopinavir/ritonavir na bakisi ya komeka na mokili.
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
Remdesivir esalemaki na Gilead Sciences lekola kisi ya virisi ya maladi ya Ebola mpe virisi ya maladi Marburg . Gilead Sciences moto emonaki remdesivir ezali na ntina na mosala ya vitro na kobundela ba filo- mingi, pneumo-, paramyzo-, mpe corona virisi .
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Likambo moko oyo kisi yango ezali makasi na yango ya kolenda soki virisi ekomi makasi mingi mpona nzoto mpe ekomi kotumbola bamaladi ya makasi mpe kopalangana na kati ya bato.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Ba Etid moko ya liboso elobi ete Remdesivir ekoki kozala makasi mingi. Baetid mingi ezali kosalema, lokola mibale oyo universite ya Cleaveland ezali kosala; moko mpona bato oyo bazali kobela makasi te mpe mosusu mpona ba oyo bazali kobela makasi.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
Mosala misato ya komeka bakisi ezali kosalema na komona Vitamin C mpona bato oyo bazali kobela makasi na COVID-19; ba placebo mibale enladani (Chine, Canada) mpe moko oyo bazali kolanda te (Italie).
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
New York ebandaki komeka kisi babengi azithromycin na mokolo ya 24 sanza ya misato 2020.
Japan's National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) is planning a clinical trial for Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, for the treatment of pre-symptomatic patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
ya mboka ya Japan mpona Kolongono ya bato nyonso mpe ya bakisi (NCGM) ezali kobongama mpona komeka Kisi ya Teijin nkombo Alvesco (ciclesonide), kisi ya mpema mpona Asthme mpona kosalisa bato oyo bazali kobela na coronavirisi ya sika.