atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Ekibinja kya Twekisize ku MIT Media Lab kibadde kibazeewo SafePaths, enkola eyitibwamu okukozesa obukodyo bw’okuba omwekusifu mu kunoonyereza n’okukozesa ekifo oba omukutu ogw’okutemaatema obubaka okulondoola ensaasaana ya COVID-19.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Kwesigamiziddwa ku kunoonyereza okuva mu alipoota eyitibwa "Apps Gone Rogue: Okukuuma Ebyama byo mu Nawookeera” (Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic") eyafulumizibwa mu Gwokusatu 2020. Enkola endala eyeefaananyiriza ku eyo ye ya SafeTrace platform eya Enigma MPC, kkampuni eyiiya tekinologiya wa twekisize era nayo mu kusooka eyali esangibwa ku MIT Media Lab.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
SafeTrace ezimbisa tekinologiya atalina bulabe okusobozesa abakozesa okugabana obubaka obw’ekyama ku kifo n’ebyobulamu byabwe n’abakozesa abalala wamu n’abakulembeze, awatali kuteeka mu buzibu kyama kyonna.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Nga 5 Gwokuna 2020, ekitongole ttabamawanga ekya TCN Coalition kyatandikibwawo ebibinja ebyegattira awamu nga bikozesa enkola efaanagana era n’amateeka agakwatagana, n’ekigendererwa eky’okukendeeza obubinja, n’okusobola okukwasaganyiza awamu okukola app ezirondoola n’okuweereza obubaka, ensonga enkulu ennyo mu kusobozesa abantu abangi n’okugyettanira.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Nga 9 Gwokuna 2020, gavumenti ya Singapore yalangirira nti yali ekozesa ku BlueTrace protocol ekozesebwa app ya gavumenti yaayo entongole.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Nga 10 Ogwokuna 2020, Google ne Apple, amakampuni agafuga platform z’amasimu eza Android ne iOS, baalangirira enkola ey’okulondoolamu abakwataganyeeko n’abalwadde, gye baagamba mbu ejja kukuuma obwa twekisize, nga yeesigamye ku kugatta tekinologiya wa Bluetooth Low Energy n’okuwandiika okwekyama ng’okozesa obubonero.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Era baafulumya ebikwata ku tekinologiya ow’enkizo akozesebwa mu muyungo.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Okusinziira ku Apple ne Google, omuyungo gusuubirwa okufulumizibwa mu mitendera esatu:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
okufulumya ebikola okusobozesa gavumenti okweteerawo app entongole ezirondoola akawuka ka coronavirus naye nga zeekuumira ebyama.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
okuyunga obutereevu enkola eno mu nteekateeka za iOS ne AndroidGoogle ne Apple okusobola okugonjoola ebizibu ky’okuzikkirizisa n’okulondoola okutakoma nga basooka okugabana omuyungo guno okuyita mu kutumbula omuyungo oguyamba essimu okukola, n’oluvannyuma and later removing guggyibwemu nga obulabe buweddewo.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
okuvumbula eddagala lya b'COVID-19 kwe kunoonyereza okukola eddagala erigema oba erijjanjaba erinaayamba okukkakkanya ku bulabe bw’obulwadde obuleetebwa akawuka ka 2019-20 coronavirus (COVID-19).
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
International Clinical Trials Registry Platform eya WHO yawandiika okunoonyereza 536 okugenderera okukola eddagala erinajjanjaba abawonye COVID-19, wamu neddagala erikolebwa okuzimba obutaffaali bw’omubiri okusobola okujjanjaba obulwadde obulala obuli mu kunoonyerezebwako okuddamu okutunuulirwa.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Mu Gwokusatu, ekitongole kya WHO kyatandikawo "Okugezesa OKWAWAMU" mu mawanga 10, nga liwandiika enkumi z’abantu abaalina ekirwadde kya COVID-19 okulaba butya bwe bakoseddwa obujjanjabi bw’ebirungo bina ebirwanyisa obuwuka n’essuubi eddene nti linaakola.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Okwekenneenya okw’omuzinzi, era okulambulukufu kwateekebwawo mu April 2020 okulondoola ekituukiddwako mu kugezesa okw’ekisawo okw’eddagala erigema n’okujjanjaba COVID-19 ku bantu abagezeserezebwako. Okukola eddagala erigema kuyita mu mitendera egy’enjawulo, nga kyetaaga emyaka egisoba mu etaano okukakasa ebirungo ebikoleddwa si bya bulabe era bituufu.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Okukola eddala gwe mutendera gw’okuleeta eddagala erigema oba okujjanjaba obulwadde obupya ne liteekebwa ku katale oluvannyuma lw’okuzuula ebirungo ebikulu okuyita mu kuvumbula eddagala.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Muzingiramu okukola okunoonyereza mu ggezeserezo ku buwuka obusirikitu n’ebisolo, okusaba olukusa, okugeza okuyita mu FDA, okufuna olukusa okugezeseza ku bantu eddagala eppya erinoonyerezebwako, era kiyinza okwetaagisa okufuna olukusa okuteeka eddagala empya ku katale.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Okukola eddagala oba okujjanjaba COVID-19 kutandika na kugatta kirungo ekirowoozeddwako ku ddagala erisuubirwa okubaamu ebirungo ebigema eby’okukozesebwa mu kukola eddagala erigema oba erirwanyisa obuwuka eriri mu kugezesebwa.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
New chemical entities (NCEs, era ezimanyiddwa nga new molecular entities or NMEs) birungo ebiva mu kuvumbula eddagala okusinziira ku muntu anagezeserezebwako okugema oba okujjanjaba.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Bino biwa essuubi mu kulwanyisa obuwuka obuba bulwanyisibwa nga bwekuusa ku kirwadde kya COVID-19
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Ku ntandikwa y’okukola eddagala erigema oba erijjanjaba, wabaawo kitono ekimanyiddwa ku NCE ku bikwatagana n’obulabe, obutwa, entabula n’enkola yaalyo mu mubiri eri abantu At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Mulimu era buvunaanyizibwa bw’abakola eddagala okwekenneenya ebintu bino byonna nga tebannaligezesereza ku bantu okukakasa nti si lya bulabe ate ttuufu.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Ekiruubirirwa ekirala ekikulu eky’okukola eddagala kwe kuwabula ku doozi n’okutegeka okugezesa obujjanjabi obusooka mu bantu (“okusooka-mu-bantu” [FIH] oba “Doozi esooka mu Bantu” [FHD], eyali emanyiddwa nga “first-in-man” [FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Ekirala, mu kukola eddagala olina okulaga ebirungo bya saayansi ebya NCE: birungo ki ebirimu, obuwangaazi bwalyo, n’obusobozi bw’okumulunguka.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Abafulumya eddagala bateekwa okukuuma omutindo gwe bakozesa nga bakola ebirungo basobole okwongeza ku bungi bw’eddagala erikolebwa omutabuzi waalyo afulumya milligulaamu, bafulumye mu bipimo bya kilogulaamu ne ttani.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Bagenda mu maaso ne beekenneenya ekikoleddwa okulaba kye balikolamu okugeza okusalawo oba bakola kapisulo, mpeke, lya kufuuyira, lya kukuba mu nnyama, lya kuyisa wansi wa lususu, oba likubibwa mu misuwa.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Gyonna wamu, emitendera gino egy’okunoonyereza ku ndwadde n’okuzuula obujjanjaba gimanyiddwa nga okutabula eddagala (chemistry), okufulumya eddagala, n’okulifuga (CMC). ebintu bingi ebyekuusa ku kufulumya eddagala bifaayo ku kutuukiriza emisoso gy’abalondoola eby’eddagala n’ebitongole ebiwa olukusa okulifulumya.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Muno muzingiramu okugezesa okukolebwa okuzuula obukambwe bw’ebirungo ebipya nga terinnakozesebwa mu bantu.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Gavumenti ya Canada yalangirira million CA$275 okusakiririra puloojekiti 96 z’eby’okunoonyereza ebyekuusa ku bujjanjabi obulwanyisa COVID-19, nga mwe muli n’abantu ab’enjawulo ab’okugezeserezaako eddagala erigema mu ssettendekero za Canada, n’enteekateeka okutandikawo “etterekero ly’eddagala erigema” ery’eddagala erigema eppya ery’okukozesa singa wabaawo okubalukawo kw’akawuka ka coronavirus okulala.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Pulogulaamu z’okugezesa okw’ekisawo zirimu emitendera esatu, egy’okumala emyaka egiwerako ng’ekivaamu tekinnakkirizibwa, n’ogw’okuna, nga limaze okukakasibwa olwo ne lyekeneenyezebwa okulaba oba nga erigema n’erijjanjaba teririna bulabe:
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Okunoonyereza kw’omutendera I ogw’okugezesa, naddala ku beewaddeyo okugezeserezebwako naye nga si balwadde, gukakasa obutaba na bulabe n’ebipimo ebiweebwa.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Okunoonyereza kw’Omutendera II gukozesebwa okukebera n’okukakasa obutuufu bw’ebyasooka okukolebwa n’okwongera okwekennenya oba tewali bulabe mu bantu abatono abalina obulwadde naye nga balondoolwa NCE.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Okugezesa kw’omutendera III kuba kugazi, kubaamu okugezesa okw’enkizo ennyo okukakasa oba tewali bulabe n’obutuufu bw’eddagala erigezeserezebwa ku bantu abawerera ddala abalina ekirwadde kya COVID-19.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Singa kikakasibwa nti tewali bulabe oba nti eddagala ttuufu, okugezesa okw’ekisawo kuyinza okukomezebwa ku mutendera guno awo NCE n’egenda mu maaso okukozesa eddagala eppya (NDA) n’etandika okulitunda.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Okugezesa kw’omutendera IV kukolebwa oluvannyuma lw’okutongoza eddagala era liteekebwako obukwakkulizo bwa FDA, obuyitibwa okulondoola oluvannyuma lw’okuteeka ku katale.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Ng’oggyeeko okugezesa okwetaagisa okuggya eddagala eppya erigema n’erirwanyisa obuwuga okutandika okulikozesa okujjanjaba omulundi ogusooka, abaIifulumya bateekwa okukakasa nti obutwa obumala ebbanga eddene oba obw’olubeerera bunnnyonnyolwa bulungi, nga mw’otwalidde n’obulabe bwalyo ku bintu ebirala ebitaalondoolwa bulungi (obusobozi bw’okuzaala, okuzaala, obusobozi bw’okulwanyisa endwadde n’ebirala).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Mu United States, enkola eno eyitibwa “new drug application” oba NDA.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Enteekateeka y’okugezesa kw’ekisawo nga kugenda mu maaso kusobola okulongoosebwamu nga “esobola okukyusibwakyusibwa” singa okukuŋŋaanya obubaka mu kugezesa kuwa okutangaaza okw’amangu ku birungi oba ebibi ku butuufu bw’obujjanjabi.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Okugezesa kwa global Solidarity ne European Discovery ku bantu abaweereddwa ebitanda nga bayi n’ekirwadde kya COVID-19 bakozesa enkola esobola okukyusibwakyusibwamu okusobola okukyusakyusa amangu ebigobererwa mu kugezesa ng’ebivudde mu mitendera ena egy’okugezesa obujjanjabi bwe bifulumizibwa.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Enteekateeka ezimanyiirwa mu kunoonyereza okw’Emitendera II-III okw’ekisawo mu kujjanjaba abalwadde kuyinza okuyimpaya ebbanga lyobujjanjabi n’okukozesa abalwadde abatonoko oboolyawo n’okwwanguya okusalawo okw’okukubasibuula amangu oba okuwangula wamu n’okukwanaganya enkyukakyuka z’enteekateka ez’obujjanjabi obugezesebwa mu bifo by’ensi yonna.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Eddagala erisinga eribadde terimanyidwa (NCEs) ligaana mu kiseera ky’okulikulaakulanya, nga lirimu obutwa obutakkirizibwa oba nga lirabika terikola bulungi ku bulwadde obuluubirirwa, nga bwe kiragibwa mu Kunoonyereza kw’ekisawo okw’emitendera II-III.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Okulemererwa okw’amaanyi okwekwanya ku nkulaakulanya y’eddagala kuyitibwa "okulemererwa okw’amaanyi", nga kwetaaga okusalawo mu mitendera egisooka mu kukulaakulanya eddagala “okutta” okunoonyereza nga bukyali olw’okwewala okufiirwa okulimu ssente ennyingi.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Okunoonhyereza okumu okw’omu 2010 kwekaliriza ssente eziteekebwamu n’ezo eziteekebwamu okuva ewalala okultuusa ng’eddagala lituuse ku katale nga zenkanankana kumpi biliyoni za US$1.8 ne biliyoni $870ng’emiwendo egyo bwe giddiriŋŋana.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Omuwendo omukkati oguteeberezebwa mu kugezesa kwa 2015-16 ogw’okukulaakulanya eddagala 10 erirwanyisa kookolo kwali miliyoni $648.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Mu kwekaliriza okwa 2016 okw’eddagala lya mirundi 106 kwekenneenya okugezesa okw’ekisawo omuwendo gw’entandikwa mu nsaasaanya eri omukozi w’eddagala okutuusa eddagala lwe liyisibwa n’obuwanguzi mu Mutendera gw’okugezesa III nga guli biliyoni $2.6 (mu doola eya 2013), ate ng’omuwendo ogwo gweyongera buli mwaka ku kigero kya 8.5%.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Okugezesa okw’enjawulo kwekkaanya eddagala eriddamu okukozesebwa eryayisibwa edda okujjanjaba omusujja, omwo nga mwe muli okunoonyereza kwa mirundi ena ku ddagala lya hydroxychloroquine oba chloroquine phosphate.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Eddagala erizzeemu okukozesebwa okurwanyisa akawuka lye lisinga okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza kw’omu China omuli okugezeza kw’Omutendera III kwa mirundi 9 P ku remdesivir mu mawanga mangi okusinziira ku alipoota ku nkomerero y’Ogwokuna.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Nga bakulemberwa Ekitongole ki-Bill and Melinda Gates wamu ne be bakolagana nabo nga bataddemu ssente eziwera miliyoni US$125 era nga bakwatagana n’Ekitongole ky’ensi yonna, World Health Organization, okunoonyereza COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator kwatandika mu Gwakusatu, nga basakirira okukulaakulanya eddagala okutegeera amangu, okwekaliriza, okukulaakulanya n’okwanguyako obujjanjabi obusoboka.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Okunoonyereza kwa COVID-19 Okw’ekisawo okukolerwa awamu kwakolebwa okukwanaganya n’okwanguyaako ebiva mu kunoonyereza kw’ekisawo okw’ensi yonna mu bujjanjabi obusuubirwa okuvaamu ebirungi.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Ku ntandikwa ya 2020, eddagala ery’enjawulo eryakolebwa okujjanjaba obulwadde obulala lyali liddamu okukogezesebwa oba okukulaakulanyizibwa mu kunoonyereza kw’ekisawo okupya okumalawo obulwadde bwa COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Ku ddagala eryayisibwa edda (gamba nga hydroxychloroquine ery’omusujja), Okugezesa okw’omutendera III-IV kulaga mu bantu ebikumi n’enkumi abalwadde ba COVID-19 obusobosi bw’okwongezaayo enkozesa y’eddagala eryayisibwa edda okujjanjaba obulwadde bwa COVID-19.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Ogwokuna 2020 we gwatandikira, obujjanjabi obusoboka 103 bwali mu kiseera ekitandikirwako oba ku mutendera gw’enkulaakulanya I-IV , omuli ebiva mu kugezesa k’eddagala lya mirundi 29 erisuubirwa mu Gwokuna.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Mu Gwokuna, Ekitongole ki-WHO kyatongoza enkwata y’Okunoonyereza okukolerwa awamu" mu mawanga 10 okwekaliriza amangu enkola y’eddagala mu balwadde ba COVID-19 eryali terinnaba kwetegerezebwa mu bujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa COVID-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Waliwo eddagala erikendeeza ku muwendo gw’okufa?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Waliwo eddagala erikendeeza ku bbanga omuntu ly’abeera mu ddwaliro?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Obujjanjabi bukosa obwetaavu bw’abantu abalwadde ba COVID-19 abakwatiddwa yegu okuteekebwa ku byuma by’omukka- oba ku bujjanjabi obw’enjawulo?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Eddagala ery’engeri eyo lisobola okukozesebwa okukendeeza ku bulwadde bwa COVID-19 mu bajjanjabi n’abantu abali mu bulabe obw’omaanyi obw’okufuna obulwadde obw’obulabe? okuwandiisa abalwadde ba COVID-19 kugonzebwa na kukozesa bubaka, omuli n’okukkiriza okwetaba mu kunooneyereza, ku mukutu gwa WHO.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Abakola ku kunoonyereza bwe bamala okumanya eddagala eririwo ku ddwaliro omukutu gwa WHO gulonda mu ngeri ya kulabira awo omulwadde ali ku ddwaliro eryo n’aweebwa eddagala ly’okugezesa oba n’assibwa ku bujjanjabi obwabulijjo obuli ku ddwaliro eryo okujjanjaba COVID-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Omusawo agezesa awandiika n’awaayo obubaka bw’okulondoola obukwata ku mbeera y’omulwadde n’obujjanjabi olwo ng’ayingiza obubaka ku mukutu gwa WHO.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Ekibiina ky’ensi yonna ekirondoozi eky’abasawo ba WHO kyekaliriza ebivaamu buli luvannyuma lw’ebbanga eggere olw’okuyambako okukola okusalawo ku bulungi n’enkola y’eddagala ly’okunoonyereza, n’okukyusa mu nteekateeka y’eddagala erigezesebwa oba okusemba obujjanjabi obukola obulungi.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Okunoonyereza okufaananako n’okwo okw’okukolera awamu okuli ku yintaneeti okuyitibwa "Discovery", kwatandikibwawo mu Gwokusatu March mu mawanga musanvu nga kukolebwa INSERM (Paris, France).Mu Gwokusatu, okusakirira okugezesa kw’okukolera awamu kwaweza miliyoni $108 okuva mu bantu kinnoomu 203,000, ebitongole ne gavumenti z’amawanga 45 agali mu kusakirira oba mu nzirukanya y’okunoonyereza.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Eddagala lingi erisoboka erinoonyerezebwako eriyitibwa "eriyambako" (supportive) okuwewulako ku bulumi mu kiseera ky’obulwadde, gamba nga NSAIDs oba bronchodilators, tebulagiddwa mu mweso guno wammanga.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Abalala mu Mutendera gw’okugezesa ogusookerako II oba obujjanjabi obuluubirirwa obw’enjawulo mu Mutendera I nabwo tebulagibwa.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Eddagala eriruubirirwa mu Mutendera I-II ogw’okugezesa bulimu ekigero ky’obuwanguzi ekyawansi (wansi wa 12%) okuyita mu mitendera gyonna olwo liryoke likakasibwe.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Hydroxychloroquine lye lisinga chloroquine okulabika mu Amerika.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Wadde ng’amawanga mangi gakozesa chloroquine oba hydroxychloroquine olw’okujjanjaba abantu abaaweebwa ebitanda mu malwaliro nga balina COVID-19, mu Gwokusatu 2020 eddagala eryo lyali terinnaba kutongozebwa mu butongole nga liyisibwa mu kugezesa kw’ekisawo mu Amerika.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chloroquine lisembebwa Aboobuyinza mu China, South Kore ne Italy olw’okujjanjaba COVID-19, weewaawo ng’ate amawanga ago ne CDC mu Amerika gaalimu obutakwatagana ku bantu abalwadde b’omutima oba abalina sukaali.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Eddagala lyombi lirinamu obukolaganyi bwa maanyi n’eddagala eddala eriweebwa abalwadde, ekikosa doozi y’obujjanjabi n’okutangira ekirwadde.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Abantu abamu bafuukuuka emibiri nga baweereddwa eddagala eryo. Nga 12 Ogwokuna, okugezesa okusookerwako okwakolebwa ku ddwaliro mu Brazil kwayimirizibwa abantu abangi bwe baaweebwa doozi eyawaggulu eya chloroquine okujjanjaba COVID-19 baafuna enkuba y’omutima etali ya bulijjo, ekyaviirako abantu 11 okufa.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Okugezeza kw’omu China mu Wuhan ne Shenzhen kwalaga nti favipiravir kwali "kukola bulungi ku bulwadde".
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Abalwadde 35 mu Shenzhen baakeberwa nga tebalina bulwadde mu nnaku 4, so ng’ate obulwadde bwamala ennaku 11 mu balwadde 45 abataafuna ddagala eryo.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Wuhan ku balwadde 240 abalina yegu ekitundu baaweebwa favipiravir n’ekitundu ne bafuna umifenovir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Ekimiimo "okunoonyereza okukolebwa ng’okw’ekisawo tekunnaba (preclinical research)" kinnyonnyolwa mu kunoonyereza kw’omu ggezeserezo mu ngeri ya vivo ne vitro ekiraga omutendera ogusooka ogw’enkulaakulanya y’eddagala erigema, obujjanjabi antiviral oba monoclonal antibody, gamba ng’okugezesa okulaga doozi ezikola obulungi n’ekigero ky’obutwa, ng’eddagala erisuubirwa terinnaba kukakasibwa nti teririna bulabe era likola bulungi mu bantu.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka (antibiotics) liyinza okuddamu okukozeseba mu bujjanjabi bwa COVID-19:
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, ekirungo kya protease ekikulu mu SARS-CoV-2 virus kyalabibwa ng’ekiruubirirwa mu ddagala ly’oluvannyuma bw’obulwadde.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Enzyme eyo nkulu nnyo mu kuzaalukanya ribonucleic acid ow’akawuka.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Okusobola okuzuula enzyme, bannassaayansi baakozesa genome eyafulumizibwa abanoonyereza b’omu China mu Janwali 2020 okwawula protease enkulu.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Ng’obumu ku bujjanjabi obusoboka, bukozesebwa wamu mu kitundu ky’Omutendera III ogwa 2020 ogw’ensi yonna ogw’okukolera awamu ku COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Okunoonyereza okwasooka mu China okwalimu lopinavir ne tekwazuula kukosebwa mu bantu abaaweebwa ebitanda olw’obulwadde bwa COVID-19.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
b'Drug repositioning (era ekiyitibwa okuddamu okukozesa eddagala, re-profiling, re-tasking oba therapeutic switching) kwe kuddamu okukozesa eddagala eryakakasibwa okujjanjaba endwadde endala oba embeera y’omubiri okwawukanako ku eyo eyaluubirirwa olubereberye.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Kuno kwe kumu ku kunoonyereza okw’ekinnassaayansi okugobererwa mu kiseera kino okukulaakulanya obujjanjabi bwa COVID-19 obutaliimu bulamu era obukola obulungi.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Okunoonyereza okulala okugobererwa kulimu okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema COVID-19 ne convalescent plasma transfusion. SARS-CoV-2 erimu protein eziweebwa eddagala eziwera 66, ate nga buli emu ku zo erimu ligand binding sites eziwera.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Okwekenneenya binding sites ezo kiyamba mu kukulaakulanya eddagala erirwanyisa protein za COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Ku protein ezizinga obukulu eza SARS-CoV-2 eziruubirirwa ze papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, ne ADP ribophosphatase.
Hussein A A, et al studied several candidate compounds which then optimized and analyzed for their skeleton similarity with the highest similar approved drugs in order to accelerate a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development in his preclinical study to be recommended in a clinical study design.
Hussein A A, et al baanoonyereza ku compounds nnyingi eziruubirirwa omuli okwekaliriza enkula n’enfaanana y’eddagala erisinga obulungi eryakakaibwa okusobola okwanguya enkulaakulanya y’eddagala lya potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 mu kunoonyereza kwe okwakolebwa ng’okwekisawo tekunnaba kusembebwa mu nteekateeka y’okunoonyereza kw’ekisawo.
Chloroquine is an anti-malarial medication that is also used against some auto-immune diseases.
Chloroquine ddagala erijjanjaba omusujja era erikozesebwa ku ndwadde ezeereetera obusibage (auto-immune diseases).
On 18 March, the WHO announced that chloroquine and the related hydroxychloroquine would be among the four drugs studied as part of the Solidarity clinical trial.
Nga 18 Ogwokusatu, WHO kyalangirira nti chloroquine n’erifaafanana hydroxychloroquine linaaba mu ddagala ery’emirundi ena erinoonyerezebwako ng’ekitundu ku kugezesa Okw’okukolera awamu.
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that New York State trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine would begin on 24 March.On 28 March, the FDA authorized the use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
Gavuna wa New York , Andrew Cuomo yalangirira nti okugezesa kw’eggwanga lya New York State okwa chloroquine ne hydroxychloroquine kulitandika nga 24 Ogwokusatu. Nga 28 Ogwokusatu, ekitongole ki-FDA kyakkiriza okukozesa hydroxychloroquine sulfate ne chloroquine phosphate nga bagoberera okukkiriza okukozesa okw’amangu (Emergency Use Authorization, EUA).
The treatment has not been approved by the FDA's clinical trials process and is authorized under the EUA only as an experimental treatment for emergency use in patients who are hospitalized but are not able to receive treatment in a clinical trial.
Obujjanjabi tebunnaba kukakasibwa kugezesa kwa kisawo okw’ekitongole ki-FDA era nga lyakkirizibwa mu EUA mwokka ng’eddagala erigezesebwa okukozesebwa mu kiseera eky’amangu ku balwadde abaweereddwa ebitanda naye nga tebasobola kufuna bujjanjabi mu kunoonyereza okw’ekisawo.
The CDC has said that "the use, dosing, or duration of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection" are not yet established.
Ekitongole ki-CDC kyagamba nti "okukozesa, okuwa doozi, oba ebbanga hydroxychloroquine erya prophylaxis obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa SARS-CoV-2" bwe bumala terinnaba kumanyika.
Doctors have said they are using the drug when "there's no other option".
Abasawo bagambye nti bakozesa eddagala eryo nga "teali kirala kyakukola".
A Turkish research team in Istanbul is conducting a small study on the use of chloroquine in combination with zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D.
Ttiimu y’abanoonyereza mu Butuluuki mu Istanbul bakola okunoonyereza okutonotono ku nkozesa ya chloroquine nga liri wamu ne zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C ne vitamin D.
Large studies are underway at Duke University and the University of Oxford.
Okunoonyereza okunene kutegekebwa ku Duke University ne University of Oxford.
NYU Langone Medical School is conducting a trial on the safety and efficacy of preventative use of hydroxychloroquine.
NYU Langone Medical School ekola okunoonyereza okw’okugezesa ku bulungi n’enkola y’okuziyiza eya hydroxychloroquine.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Okugezeza kw’omu China mu Wuhan ne Shenzhen kwalaga nti favipiravir lyali "likola bulungi ku bulwadde".
35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Abalwadde 35 mu Shenzhen baakeberwa nga tebalina bulwadde mu mukkati gwa nnaku 4, so ng’ate obulwadde bwamala ennaku 11 mu balwadde 45 abataafuna ddagala eryo.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia, half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Wuhan ku balwadde 240 aba yegu, ekitundu ku bo baaweebwa favipiravir n’ekitundu ne bafuna umifenovir.
The Italian Pharmaceutical Agency reminded the public that the existing evidence in support of the drug is scant and preliminary.
Ekitongole kya Italian Pharmaceutical Agency kyajjukiza abantu obubaka obuliwo obuwagira eddagala eryo butono ate nga bwe busookerwako.
On 2 April, Germany announced that it would purchase the drug from Japan for its stockpile, and use the military to deliver the drug to university hospitals, where the drug will be used to treat COVID-19 patients.
Nga 2 Ogwokuna, Germany yalangirira nti egenda kugula eddagala okuva mu eritekere era ekozese amagye okutwala eddagala eryo mu malwaliro ga yunivaasite eddagala gye linaakozesebwa okujjanjaba abalwadde ba COVID-19.
According to the South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe has made overtures to the Trump administration about purchasing the drug.The drug may be less effective in severe cases of illness where the virus has already multiplied.
Okusinziira ku South China Morning Post, Shinzo Abe yayanjulira obukulembeze bwa Trump administration ku kugula eddagala.Eddagala liyinza okuba nga terikola bulungi ku balwadde abayi alina akawuka akamaze okuzaalukana.
It may not be safe for use by pregnant women or those trying to conceive.
Liyinza okubaamu obulabe okukozesebwa ku bakyala abalina embuto oba abo abaagala okufuna embuto.
One study of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), a combination of the antivirals lopinavir and ritonavir, concluded that "no benefit was observed".
Okunoonyereza okumu okwa lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra), omugatte gwa antivirals lopinavir ne ritonavir, kwakubira nti "tewali muganyulo gwalabibwa".
The drugs were designed to inhibit HIV from replicating by binding to the protease.
Eddagala lyategekebwa okuziyiza HIV okusaasaana nga kasibibwa ku protease.
A team of researchers at the University of Colorado are trying to modify the drugs to find a compound that will bind with the protease of SARS-CoV-2.There are criticisms within the scientific community about directing resources to repurposing drugs specifically developed for HIV/AIDS.
Abanoonyereza ku University of Colorado bagezaako okukyusa eddagala okuzuula compound enaayamba okwegatta ne protease ya SARS-CoV-2.Waliwo okukolokotebwa mu kisaawe ky’ekinnassaayansi mu kuteeka ebikozesebwa mu kuddamu okukozesa eddagala eryayisibwa edda naddala eryakolebwa okujjanjaba HIV/AIDS.
The WHO included lopinavir/ritonavir in the international Solidarity trial.
WHO lyassa ne lopinavir/ritonavir mu kugezesa kw’Okunoonyereza okw’awamu (international Solidarity trial).
Remdesivir was created and developed by Gilead Sciences as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections . Gilead Sciences subsequently discovered that Remdesivir had antiviral activity in vitro against multiple filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, and corona- viruses .
Remdesivir lyakolebwa era ne likulaakulanyizibwa Gilead Sciences ng’obujjanjabi bw’akawuka k’obulwadde bw-Ebola ne Marburg virus. Gilead Sciences oluvannyuma kyazuula nti Remdesivir lyalimu antiviral activity in vitro mu kulwanyisa obuwuka bu-filo-, pneumo-, paramyxo-, ne corona- viruses .
One issue with antiviral treatment is the development of resistance through mutations that can lead to more severe disease and transmission.
Ensonga emu ku bujjanjabi bw’akawuka kwe kukulaakulanya obusibage obuyitira mu kwekubisaamu obusobola okuleetawo endwadde endala n’okusaasaana.
Some early pretrial studies suggest remdesivir may have a high genetic barrier to resistance.There are several clinical trials underway, including two conducted by Cleveland University Hospitals; one for people with moderate illness and another for those with more severe illness.
Okunoonyereza okumu okwasooka okunoonyereza kw’ekisawo kulaga nti remdesivir liyinza okubaamu ekikugira obusibage mu nkula yaalyo. Waliwo okugezesa kw’ekisawo okutegekebwa, omwo nga mwe muli n’okw’emirundi ebiri okwakolebwa Amalwaliro ga Cleveland University; okulala kwa bantu abalina obulwadde obutali bwa maanyi n’okulala kwabo abalina obulwadde obw’amaanyi.
There are three ongoing clinical trials of intravenous vitamin C for people who are hospitalized and severely ill with COVID-19; two placebo controlled (China, Canada) and one with no control (Italy).
Waliwo okunoonyereza kw’ekisawo kwa mirundi esatu okukolebwa nga kwa intravenous vitamin C ku balwadde ba COVID-19 abaweebwa ebitanda era nga bayi ddala; okw’emirundi ebiri kulimu okukozesa eddagala likiguumaaza okugeraageranyizibwako (China, Canada) n’okumu tekuliimu kugeraageranya (Italy).
New York State began trials for the antibiotic azithromycin on 24 March 2020.
Essaza lya New York State lyatandika okugezesa eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka erya azithromycin nga 24 Maachi 2020.
Japan's National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) is planning a clinical trial for Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, for the treatment of pre-symptomatic patients infected with the novel coronavirus.
Ekitebe kya Japan ekya Japan National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) kiteekateeka okugezesa obujjanjabi bwa Teijin's Alvesco (ciclesonide), eddagala erinuusibwa okukendeeza obulumi bw’olufuba, ery’okujjanjabisa abalwadde b’akawuka ka nawookera wa coronavirus naye nga tebannalaga bubonero.
A form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a Phase II trial is underway with 200 patients to be recruited from severe, hospitalized cases in Denmark, Germany, and Austria to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.
Engeri ya angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Okunoonyereza okw’Omutendera II kutegekebwa omuli abalwadde 200 abalina okuggyibwa mu balwadde abayi abaaweebwa ebitanda mu Denmark, Germany, nr Austria okulaba enkola y’obujjanjabi.
Researchers from the Montreal Heart Institute in Canada are currently studying the role of colchicine in reducing inflammation and pulmonary complications in patients suffering from mild symptoms of COVID-19.
Abanoonyereza okuva mu Montreal Heart Institute mu Canada bekkaanya omulimu gwa colchicine mu kukendeeza okuzimba n’obuzibu bw’omusiwa (pulmonary complications) mu balwadde abalina abalumizibwa olw’obubonero obutonotono obwa COVID-19.
The study, named COLCORONA, is recruiting 6000 adults aged 40 and over who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and experience mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization.
Okunoonyereza okuyitibwa COLCORONA, kuwandiisa abantu abakulu 6000 abalina emyaka 40 n’okusingawo abaakeberwa nga balina COVID-19 era nga balina obubonero obutonotono obuteetaaga kuweebwa bitanda.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or who do not have an effective contraceptive method are not eligible.
Abakyala abalina embuto oba abayonsa oba abatalina nkola ya kwetangira mbuto tebakkirizibwa.
Several anticoagulants are being tested in Italy.
Anticoagulants nnyingi ezigezesebwa mu Italy.
Low-molecular-weight heparin is being widely used to treat patients, prompting the Italian Medicines Agency to publish guidelines on its use.
Low-molecular-weight heparin likozesebwa okujjanjaba abalwadde, ekyaleetera Ekitongole ky’Ebyeddagala mu Italy (Italian Medicines Agency) okufulumya ebigobererwa mu kulikozesa.
A multicenter study on 300 patients researching the use of enoxaparin sodium at prophylaxis and therapeutic dosages was announced in Italy on April 14.
Okunoonyereza okukolebwa mu bifo ebyenjawulo ku balwadde 300 abanoonyereza ku nkozesa ya enoxaparin sodium ku prophylaxis ne doozi eziwonya kwalangirirwa nga 14 Ogwokuna.
Since SARS-CoV-2 is a virus, considerable scientific attention has been focused on repurposing approved anti-viral drugs that were developed for prior outbreaks such as MERS, SARS, and West Nile virus.
SARS-CoV-2 kawuka, okunoonyereza kw’ekinnassayansi okuwera kutunuulidde okuddamu okukozesa eddagala eryakakasibwa okujjanjaba obuwuka eryakolebwa olw’endwadde ezaabalukawo okusooka gamba nga MERS, SARS, ne West Nile virus.
Ribavirin: ribavirin was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Ribavirin: ribavirin lyasembebwa okujjanjaba COVID-19 okusinziira ku bigobererwa bya China eby’omulundi 7
Umifenovir: umifenovir was recommended for COVID-19 treatment according to Chinese 7th edition guidelines
Umifenovir: ribavirin lyasembebwa okujjanjaba COVID-19 okusinziira ku bigobererwa bya China eby’omulundi 7
Some antibiotics that have been identified as potentially repurposable as COVID-19 treatments:
Eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka (antibiotics) erirabiddwa ng’erisobola okuddamu okukozesebwa ng’erijjanjaba COVID-19:
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Approved by China.
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6 receptor): Lyakakasibwa China.
Also trials in Italy and China. and see Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
Mu ngeri y’emu, okugezesa okukolebwa mu trials Italy ne China. era laba Tocilizumab#COVID-19.
It is unclear yet whether conditions arising during pregnancy including diabetes, cardiac failure, hypercoagulability or hypertension might represent additional risk factors for pregnant people as they do for nonpregnant people.From the limited data available, vertical transmission during the third trimester probably does not occur, or only occurs very rarely.
Tekitegeerekeka oba ng’embeera eziva ku lubuto omuli ne sukaali, omutima okwesiba, hypercoagulability oba puleesa eyawaggulu biyinza okwognera obuzibu obulala eri abakyala abalina embuto nga bwe kikola ku batalina mbuto. okuva ku bubaka obufunda obuliwo, okusaasaanya obulwadde ku wiiki 28 kyandiba nga tekibaawo, oba nga kibaawo bbalirirwe.
There is no data yet on early pregnancy.
Tewali kimanyiddwa kyonna ku bafuna embuto nga tebanneetuuka There is no data yet on early egnancy.
Little evidence exists to permit any solid conclusions about the nature of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy.
Waliwo obubaka butono obuliwo obuwagira okukubira ku kikula kya COVID-19 mu balina embuto.
A case series of 43 women from New York who tested positive for COVID-19 showed similar patterns to non-pregnant adults: 86% had mild disease, 9.3% had severe disease and 4.7% developed critical disease.
Abakyala abalwadde 43 okuva mu New York abaakeberwa nga balina COVID-19 bwavaamu ebifaanagana n’ebyo eby’abakulu abatalina mbuto: 86% baalina obulwadde butonotono, 9.3% baalina obulwadde obw’amaanyi ate 4.7% baafuna obulwadde obw’amaanyi.
Fetal distress was reported in two.
Okutawaanyizibwa mu lubuto kwategeezebwa mu bakyala babiri.
None of the women developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died.
Tewali mukyala n’omu yafuna yegu wa maanyi owa COVID-19 oba yafa.
All of them had live birth pregnancies and no severe neonatal asphyxia was observed.
Bonna baazaala abaana nga balamu era tewali kubulwa mukka kwa maanyi (neonatal asphyxia) kwalabibwa.
The samples of breast milk, amniotic fluid, cord blood and neonatal throat swab were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all results were negative.In another study on 15 pregnant women, majority of the patients presented with fever and cough, while laboratory tests yielded lymphocytopenia in 12 patients.
Sampolo z’amata g’amabeere, amniotic fluid, omusaayi gw’oku kkundi, swab y’omu mumiro gw’omwana eyaakazaalibwa zaakeberwa okulaba oba balina SARS-CoV-2, era ebyavaamu byalaga nti tebalina.Mu kunoonyereza okulala ku bakyala 15 ab’embuto, abalwadde abasinga abaalina olusujja n’okukolola ate okukebera kw’omu ggezeserezo kwalaga nti abalwadde 12 baalina 12.
Computed tomography findings of these patients were consistent with previous reports of non-pregnant patients, consisting of ground-glass opacities at early stage.
Ebyazuulibwa okuyita mu bifaananyi bya kompyuta (Computed tomography) mu balwadde bano byali bikkaanya ne alipoota ezaasooka ku balwadde abatalina mbuto, omuli ground-glass opacities mu bbanga erisooka.