atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
If water and soap are not available, hands can be cleaned with ash.The World Health Organization recommends washing hands:
Amazzi ne ssabbuuni bwe biba nga tebiriiwo, engalo zisobola okulongoosebwa n’evvu. World Health Organization ewa abantu amagezi okunaaba mu ngalo:
Before, during, and after preparing food.
Nga tonnaba, ng’oteekateeka emmere, ne bw’oba omaze.
Before and after caring for a sick person.
Nga tonnaba n’oluvannyuma lw’okuyamba ku mulwadde.
After changing the diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet.
Ng’omaze okukyusa ppampa oba okulongoosa omwana ng’avudde mu kaabuyonjo.
After blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing.
Oluvannyuma lw’okunyiza, okukolola oba okwasimula.
After touching animal, animal feed, or animal waste.
Oluvannyuma lw’okukwata ku nsolo, emmere y'ensolo, oba obubi bw’ensolo.
Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
Okuyonja engalo okw’ekisawo kwe kuyonja engalo okwekuusa ku byekisawo.
Hand washing before administering medicine or medical care can prevent or minimize the spread of disease.
Okunaaba mu ngalo nga tonnagaba ddagala oba okujjanjaba omuntu kisobola okukendeeza ku kusaasaanya obulwadde.
The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can cause disease) and chemicals which can cause harm or diseases.
Ekigendererwa ky’ekisawo ekikulu eky’okunaaba mu ngalo kwe kutta obuwuka (bacteria, viruses, oba obuwuka obulala obusirikitu obusobola okuleeta obulwadde) n’okuggyamu eddagala erisobola okuleeta obulabe oba endwadde.
This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public.
Kino kikulu naddala ku bantu abakwata ku mmere oba abakola mu kisaawe ky’ebyobulamu, naye nga kintu kirungi n’eri abantu bonna.
Hand washing has many health benefits, including minimizing the spread of influenza, coronavirus, and other infectious diseases; preventing infectious causes of diarrhea; decreasing respiratory infections;
Okunaaba mu ngalo kulimu ebirungi bingi, omuli okukendeeza ku kusaasaana kwa ssenyiga, coronavirus, n’endwadde endala ezisiigibwa; okwewala ebintu ebisiiga ekiddukano; okukendeeza ku ndwadde z’omussizo;
and reducing infant mortality rate at home birth deliveries.
n’okukendeeza ku baana abafiira mu kuzaalisiza awaka.
A 2013 study showed that improved hand washing practices may lead to small improvements in the length growth in children under five years of age.
Okunoonyereza okwa 2013 kwalaga nti okweyongera kw’empisa y’okunaaba mu ngalo kuyinza okulongoosaamu akatono mu kukula mu baana abali wansi w’emyaka etaano egy’obukulu.
In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap.
Mu nsi ezikyakula, omuwendo gw’abaana abafa ebyekuusa ku ndwadde z’omussizo n’ekiddukano gusobola okukendeezebwa nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa, ng’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni.
This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50%.
Ekikolwa kino ekyangu kisobola okukendeeza omuwendo gw’abantu abafa endwadde zino n’ebitundu kyenkana 50%.
Interventions that promote hand washing can reduce diarrhoea episodes by about a third, and this is comparable to providing clean water in low income areas.
Ebikolebwa okutumbula okunaaba mu ngalo bisobola okukendeeza ku kiddukano n’ebitundu kyenkana kimu kyakusatu, era kino kigeraageranyizibwa n’okugaba amazzi amayonjo mu bitundu eby’abantu ab’enfuna entono.
48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap.Hand washing with soap is the single most effective and inexpensive way to prevent diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI), as automatic behavior performed in homes, schools, and communities worldwide.
Okukendeera kw’ekiddukano okw’ebitundu 48% kusobola okukwanyizibwa n’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni. Okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni ye ngeri esinga obulungi n’obutaba ya buseere ey’okwewala ekiddukano n’endwadde z’omussizo, ng’empisa ekolebwa mu maka, mu masomero ne mu bitundu okwetooloola ensi.
Pneumonia, a major ARI, is the number one cause of mortality among children under five years old, taking the lives of an estimated 1.8 million children per year.
Lubyamira, nga y’endwadde y’omussizo esinga, ye ndwadde esinga okutta abaana abali wansi w’emyaka etaano, ng’etta abaana ng’akakadde 1.8 buli mwaka.
Diarrhea and pneumonia together account for almost 3.5 million child deaths annually.
Ekiddukano ne lubyamira byombi bitta abaana ng’obukadde 3.5 buli mwaka.
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
Okusinziira ku UNICEF, okufuula okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni ng’omuntu tannalya n’oluvannyuma lw’okukozesa kaabuyonjo empisa eri munda mu bantu kisobola okutaasa bangi okusinga eddagala erigema oba erijjanjaba, nga kino kisobola okukendeeza amakkati g’abantu abafa ekiddukano n’ekitundu kimu kyakuna eky’abantu abafa endwadde z’omussizo.
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
Okunaaba mu ngalo kitera okugendera awamu n’ebikolwa by’obuyonjo ebirala ng’ekimu ku bikolebwa mu kaweefube wa water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
Okunaaba mu ngalo era kutaasa ku bulwadde bw’olususu obuyitibwa impetigo nga buno busaasaana ng’omuntu akoonye ku mulala butereevu.
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
Obulabe obutonotono obw’okunaaba mu ngalo buli kiseera bwe bw’okukosa olususu olw’olususu okukala.
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2012 mu Denmark kwazuula nti okunaaba mu ngalo okuyitiridde kusobola okuleetera olususu okusiiwa, okuyubuka, ng’embeera eno eyitibwa “hand eczema oba hand dermatitis”, ng’etera kubeera nnyo mu basawo.
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Okunaaba mu ngalo emirundi emingi ennyo era kulabibwa ng’akabonero k’obuzibu bw’okuddiŋŋana ennyo ekintu olw’omuntu okubaako ky’atya, emanyiddwa nga obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Waliwo emirundi etaano emikulu emisana we kibeerera ekikulu okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni we kibeerera ekikulu okukendeeza ku kusiiga obulwadde nga buyita mu kamwa: oluvannyuma lw’okukozesa kaabuyonjo (okufuuyisa, okweyamba), oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosa omwana (okukyusa nnappi), ng’ogenda okuliisa omwana, ng’ogenda okulya ne bw’oba ogenda kutegeka/oluvannyuma lw’okutegeka emmere oba okukwata ku nnyama oba ebyennyanja ebibisi.
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
Embeera endala okunaaba mu ngalo obulungi mwe kwetaagisiza olw’okwewala okusaasaanya obulwadde mulimu nga tonnaba oba oluvannyuma lw’okukola ku musale oba ebbwa; oluvannyuma lw’okwasimula, okukolola, oba okunyiza; oluvannyuma lw’okukwata ku bubi bw’ensolo oba okukwata ku nsolo; n’oluvannyuma lw’okukwata ku kasasiro.
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
Mu mawanga mangi, okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni kuli wansi.
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
Okunoonyereza ku kunaaba mu ngalo mu mawanga 54 mu 2015 kwazuula nti okutwaliza awamu, ebitundu 38.7% eby’amaka bye baanaabanga mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2014 kwalaga nti Saudi Arabia ye yasingamu okunaaba mu ngalo n’ebitundu 97 ku kikumi; Amerika yali awo mu makkati n’ebitundu 77 ku kikumi; ate China yo yali wansi ddala ku bitundu 23 ku kikumi. Mu kiseera kino waliwo enkola nnyingi ez’okukyusa mu nneeyisa z’abantu okwongera ku mpisa y’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni mu kaseera kano akazibu. Okunaabira mu ngalo awamu mu kibinja ku baana b’essomero mu biseera ebigere mu lunaku kye kimu ku bikolebwa mu mawanga agakyakula okuyingiza empisa y’okunaaba mu ngalo mu bwongo bw’abaana.
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education.
Enteekateeka ya "Essential Health Care Program" essibwa mu nkola aba Department of Education mu Philippines kye kimu ku byokulabirako by’ebikolwa by’okutumbula ebyobulamu n’ebyenjigiriza by’abaana.
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
Okumira eddagala ly’ebiwuka emirundi ebiri mu mwaka, nga kuno kw’otadde okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni buli lunaku, okusenya amannyo buli lunaku ne fluoride, bye biri ku mwanjo mu nteekateeka y’eggwanga eno.
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
Enteekateeka eno era yassibwa bulungi mu nkola mu Indonesia.
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
Okuggya obuwuka obusirikitu ku lususu kyongerezebwako n’okugatta ssabbuuni mu mazzi.
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
Omulimu gwa ssabbuuni ogusinga kwe kukendeeza ebiziyiza amazzi, n’okusobozesa okumulunguka amangu.
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
Amazzi gokka tegasobola kutukuza lususu kubanga amasavu ne puloteni, nga bino bye bimu ku biba mu ttaka ery’obutonde, tebimulungulirwa mu mazzi.
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
Wabula, okutukula kuyambibwako amazzi agatambula..
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
Ssabbuuni ow’ekitole, olw’okuba ng’addamu okukozesebwa, ayinza okusigalako obuwuka okuva ku baba basoose okumukozesa.
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
Waliwo okunoonyereza okutonotono okwakolebwa ku kutambuza obuwuka (bacteria) obuba busigadde ku ssabbuuni ow’ekitole nga kwalaga nti kizibu obuwuka okutambuzibwa olw’okuba nga bugendera mu byovu.
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable".
CDC era ekyagamba nti "ssabbuuni ow’amazzi ng’ayiika nga takwatiddwako y’asinga".
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
Abantu abafaayo eri obulamu bakubiriziddwa nnyo okukozesa ssabbuuni atta obuwuka (Antibacterial soaps).
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
Mu kiseera kino, tewannabaawo bukakafu nti okukozesa antiseptics oba disinfectants kitta obuwuka.
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
Wabula, ssabbuuni atta obuwuka alimu eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka nga triclosan, eririmu ebintu ebingi ebitta obuwuka.
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
Noolwekyo, ne kiba ng’ebiremesa antibiotics tebirondeddwa ssabbuuni wa buwuka, era tebisobola kukola bulungi nga bwe bigambibwa okukola.
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
Ng’oggyeeko ekirungo ekikuuma olususu, eddagala ery’enjawulo eririmu liyinza okubaamu acid (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) nga pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid n’ebirala ebiweweeza olususu (aloe vera, vitamiini, menthol, ebiggyibwa mu bimera). Okwekenneenya okw’amaanyi okuva mu University of Oregon School of Public Health kwalaga nti ssabbuuni owa bulijjo akolera ddala nga ssabbuuni w’obuwuka alimu triclosan mu kutangira obulwadde n’okuggya obuwuka mu ngalo.
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
Amazzi agookya omuntu g’asobola okunaaba mu ngalo gaba tegookya kimala kutta buwuka.
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
Obuwuka bwa bacteria bukula mangu nnyo mu bbugumu ly’omubiri (37 °C).
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
Wabula, amazzi agabuguma, ag’olusabbuuni gakola okusinga ku gannyogoga, agalimu olusabbuuni mu kuggyamu oluzigozigo olukwata ettaka ne bacteria.
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
Wabula, okwawukana ku kitera okulowoozebwa, okunoonyereza kw’ekinnassaayansi kulaze nti okukozesa amazzi agabuguma tekirina kye kikyusa ku muwendo gwa buwuka obubeera ku ngalo.
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
Hand sanitizer oba hand antiseptic kye kirongoosa engalo ekiteesigamiziddwa ku mazzi.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
Ku nkomerero y’egya 1990 n’ekitundu ekisooka eky’ekyasa ekya 21, ebirongoosa engalo ebikolebwa mu mwenge (era ebiyitibwa alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, oba hand sanitizers) byatandika okufuna ettutumu.
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
Ebisinga bikolebwa mu isopropyl alcohol oba ethanol nga biteereddwamu ekintu ekikaluba nga Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) okubifuula eby’ekizigo, oba humectant nga glycerin ne bifuuka eby’amazzi, oba ekyovu okusobola okwanguyiza ababikozesa n’okukendeeza ku kukaza kw’omwenge.
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
Okugattamu hydrogen-peroxide ajunguluddwa kyongera ku busobozi bwakyo obw’okutta obuwuka. Hand sanitizers ezirimu omwenge ogutakka wansi wa bitundu 60 ku 95% zitta bulungi obuwuka (germs).
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
Alcohol rub sanitizers zitta bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA ne VRE), tuberculosis, ne virus ezimu (omuli HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, ne hepatitis) ne fungi.
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Alcohol rub sanitizers ezirimu omwenge ogw’ebitundu 70% zitta ebitundu bya bacteria 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, bw’okugeraageranya ne 35 decibel reduction) mu ngalo nga wayise obutikitiki 30 nga zikozeseddwa n’ebitundu 99.99% okutuuka ku 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) ebya bacteria mu ngalo oluvannyuma lw’eddakiika 1 nga zikozeseddwa. Hand sanitizers zikola nnyo ku bacteria naye nga tezikola bulungi ku virus ezimu.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Hand sanitizers ezikolebwa mu mwenge kyenkana tezikolera ddala ku kika kya virus ekya norovirus (oba Norwalk), nga zino ze zisinga okuleeta ssenyiga w’omu lubuto (gastroenteritis) asiigibwa. Hand antiseptic oba alcohol rub amala ateekwa okukozesebwa okutobya oba okubunya engalo zombi.
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Mu maaso n’emabega w’engalo zonna ne mu mpataanya n’engalo zonna gye zisembera wakunyibwa okumala obutikitiki nga 30 okutuusa amazzi, ekyovu oba ekizigo bwe kikala.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Obusongezo bw’engalo nabwo buteekwa okunaazibwa obulungi, nga bukunyibwa mu bibatu byombi. US Center for Disease Control and Prevention egamba nti okunaaba mu ngalo kusinga okukozesa sanitizer, naddala ng’engalo zirabika nga nkyafu.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
Eky’okuba ng’ebintu bino byongedde okukozesebwa kyesigamizibwa ku kuba nti byangu okukozesa era bitta mangu obuwuka obusirikitu; wabula, tebiteekeddwa kusikira nkola ya kunaaba mu ngalo obulungi okuggyako nga ssabbuuni n’amazzi tebiriiwo.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Okukozesa ennyo sanitizer ezikolebwa mu mwenge kisobola okukaza olususu okuggyako nga mugattiddwamu ebigonza ne/oba ebiweweeza olususu.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Okukaza olususu kusobola okukendeezebwa oba okuggyibwawo nga sanitizer zigattibwamu ebizigo oba ebigonza olususu ebirala.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
Mu kunoonyereza kw’ekisawo, sanitizer ezikoleddwa mu mwenge nga zigattiddwamu ebigonza olususu zaaleeta okukala kw’olususu kutono nnyo okusinga ssabbuuni oba ebisabbuunisabbuuni ebitta obuwuka.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome oba obutakolagana na mwenge oba n’ebigattibwa mu sanitizer ezikolebwa mu mwenge tebitera kubeerawo.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Eky’obutaleeta nnyo kukosebwa kwa lususu (irritant contact dermatitis) kyasikiriza abantu bw’ogeraageranya n’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni n’amazzi.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
Newankubadde nga zikola bulungi, ebirongoosa engalo ebitakolebwa mu mazzi tebitukuza mangu, bitta buwuka bwokka.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Eno ye nsonga lwaki sanitizer tezikola bulungi kwenkana ssabbuuni n’amazzi mu kulwanyisa okusaasaana kw’obuwuka bungi, olw’okuba ng’obuwuka busigala mu ngalo.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Sanitizer ezitaliimu mwenge okukola kwazo kusinziira nnyo ku birimu, era mu byafaayo tezikola kwenkana mwenge ne sanitizer ezirimu omwenge.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Emabegako katono, ebirungo ebikozesa benzalkonium chloride byazuulibwa ng’obukozi bwabyo tebukendeera era nga bweyongera mu kutta obuwuka obusirikitu nga bikozeseddwa, okusinga ku mwenge, ogwazuulibwa ng’obukozi bwagwo bukendeera buli lwe gweyongera okukozesebwa, oboolyawo olw’obuzibu bwe gutuusa ku lususu.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Abantu bangi mu bitundu ebikyakula tebasobola kufuna ssabbuuni nga noolwekyo bakozesa vvu na ttaka.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Evvu oba ettaka liyinza okukola obulungiko okusinga amazzi ameereere, naye nga liyinza obutakola bulungi kwenkana ssabbuuni.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Ekizibu ekiriwo kiri nti singa ettaka oba evvu libaamu obuwuka obusirikitu kiyinza okwongera ku kusaasaana kw’obulwadde mu kifo ky’okubukendeeza.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Nga bwe kiri ku ssabbuuni, evvu nalyo litta obuwuka kubanga bwe lyegatta n’amazzi likola alkaline.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
WHO yakkiriza okukozesa evvu oba omusenyu mu kifo kya ssabbuuni singa ssabbuuni tabaawo.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Okunaaba mu ngalo okutuufu okulagibwa US Centers for Disease Control olw’okutangira okusaasaana kw’obulwadde kulimu emitendera gino:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Tobya engalo n’amazzi agabuguma oba agannyogoga nga gatambula.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
Amazzi agatambula ge galagirwa kubanga amazzi agatatambula gayinza okugendamu obuwuka, so ng’ebbugumu ly’amazzi terireetawo njawulo.
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Leeta ekyovu mu ngalo ng’ozikuuba ne ssabbuuni amala, omuli n’emabega w’engalo, mu mpataanya, ne wansi w’enjala.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Ssabbuuni aggya obuwuka ku lususu, era okunoonyereza kulaze nti abantu banaaba bulungi engalo zaabwe nga bakozesezza ssabbuuni okusinga amazzi ameereere.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Naaba okumala waakiri obutikitiki 20.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Okunaaba mu ngalo kuzireetera okukuubagana, ekiyamba okuggya obuwuka ku lususu, era okukubira ekiseera ekisingako kiggyamu obuwuka bungi.
Rinse well under running water.
Munyunguza bulungi mu mazzi agatambula.
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
Okumunyunguza mu mazzi agatatambula kiyinza okuleetera engalo okuddamu okufuna obuwuka.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Engalo zikaze ne ka tawulo akakalu oba zireke zikale zokka.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
Engalo embisi ziddamu mangu okufuna obuwuka. Ebifo ebisinga okwerabirwa kye kinkumu, ekiseke, empataanya, ne munda w’enjala.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Enjala empaatiike n’ebisiigibwa ku njala biyinza okukweka obuwuka.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
Ebizigo ebiweweeza bisembebwa okukuuma engalo obutakala; olususu olukalu lusobola okuviirako obuvune ku lususu nga kino kisobola okwongeza ku bulabe bw’okufuna endwadde.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options.
Waliwo enkola endala nnyingi eziyinza okusobozesa okunaaba mu ngalo ng’amazzi ga taapu/ne oba ssabbuuni taliiwo okugeza okuyiwa amazzi okuva mu kidomola ekiwanikiddwa oba ekita ekiteereddwamu obutuli ne/oba okukozesa evvu bwe kiba kyetaagisizza mu mawanga agakyakula. Mu mbeera omutali mazzi gamala (ng’amasomero oba mu byalo mu mawanga agakyakula), waliwo ebikolebwa okukendeeza amazzi agakozesebwa, nga "tippy-taps" n’enkola endala ezitatwala ssente nnyingi.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Tippy-tap ye nkola ennyangu ey’okukozesa akadomola akasibiddwako omuguwa, ne lusibwako akati omuntu kw’alinnya amazzi amatonotono ne gayiika ku ngalo n’ekitole kya ssabbuuni.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Okukaza engalo obulungi kitundu kikulu mu kuyonja engalo, naye nga waliwo obutakkaanya ku ngeri esinga obulungi ey’okukazaamu engalo mu kaabuyonjo ez’olukale.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Okunoonyereza kungi kugamba nti tawulo z’empapula zikola bulungi nnyo okusinga ebikaza eby’amasannyalaze ebisangibwa mu kaabuyonjo eziwerako.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
Mu 2008, okunoonyereza kwakolebwa University of Westminster, London, era ne kusasulirwa ekkolero lya tawulo z’empapula eriyitibwa European Tissue Symposium, okugeraageranya obuyonjo obuva mu kukozesa tawulo z’empapula, ebikaza engalo eby’empewo ebuguma n’ebikaza engalo ebipya eby’empewo ey’amaanyi (jet-air hand dryers).
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Oluvannyuma lw’okunaaba n’okukaza engalo n’ekikaza eky’empewo ebuguma, omuwendo gwa bacteria gwasangibwa nga gweyongera ku ngalo n’ebitundu 194% ate ku bibatu n’ebitundu 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
Okukaza engalo n’empewo ey’amaanyi kyaviirako okweyongera kw’omuwendo gwa bacteria ku ngalo n’ebitundu 42% ate ku bibatu n’ebitundu 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Oluvannyuma lw’okunaaba n’okukaza engalo ne tawulo y’olupapula, omuwendo gwa bacteria gwakendeezebwa ku ngalo n’ebitundu 76% ate ku bibatu n’ebitundu 77%. Bannassaayansi era baakola okukebera okuzuula oba nga waaliwo obusobozi bw’abakozesa kaabuyonjo okusiigana obuwuka awamu n’embeera y’ekifo kya kaabuyonjo nga kiva ku bika by’okukaza engalo eby’enjawulo.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Ekikaza eky’empewo ey’amaanyi, nga kino kifuuyira empewo ku misinde gya 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), kyali kisobola okufuuwa obuwuka okuva mu ngalo ne mu kyo era nga kiyinza okubusiiga abakozesa ba kaabuyonjo abalala n’okubusaasaanya mu kaabuyonjo mu bbanga lya mita 2 okuva we kiri.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Okukozesa ekikaza eky’empewo ebuguma kyafuuwa obuwuka mu bbanga lya mita 0.25 okuva we kiri.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Tawulo z’empapula tezaalaga busobozi bwa kusaasaanya buwuka. Mu 2005, mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, enkola z’okukaza engalo ez’enjawulo zeekenneenyezebwa.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Enkyukakyuka zino wammanga mu muwendo gwa bacteria oluvannyuma lw’okukaza engalo zaazuulibwa:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Waliwo abakola ebikaza engalo bangi, era ebikaza engalo byageraageranyizibwa n’okukaza engalo ne tawulo z’empapula.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Okunaaba engalo n’obupapula obuweweevu kikozesebwa mu kutambula nga tewali ssabbuuni na mazzi.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Sanitizer ezirimu omwenge zirina okubaamu waakiri ebitundu 60% eby’omwenge.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Okunaaba mu ngalo olw’okwewala obulwadde kyafuuka kya buwaze nga wayise ekiseera kinene omusawo Omuhangare Ignaz Semmelweis ng’azudde nti kikola bulungi (mu 1846) mu kwewala endwadde mu malwaliro.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Waliwo ebyuma ebyeyambisibwa okujjukiza abakozi mu malwaliro okunaaba engalo zaabwe nga beerabidde.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Okunoonyereza okumu kwazuula nti okukwatibwa obulwadde kwakendeera ng’ebyuma byo bikozeseddwa.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Okunaaba mu ngalo olw’okwewala endwadde kumala obutikitiki obutakka wansi wa 15, ng’okozesa ssabbuuni amala n’amazzi okutobya n’okukuuba buli kitundu kya ngalo.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
Engalo zirina okukuubibwa wamu n’ezo ze zigombagana nazo.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
Bwe wabaawo obucaafu obuli mu njala, ka bulaasi ak’obusanso kayinza okukozesebwa okubuggyamu.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Olw’okuba ng’obuwuka buyinza okusigala mu mazzi agali ku ngalo, kikulu okumunyunguza obulungi n’okusiimuula ne tawulo ennyonjo.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Oluvannyuma lw’okukaza, tawulo y’olupapula erina okukozesebwa okusiba amazzi (n’okuggulawo awafulumya amazzi bwe kiba kyetaagisizza).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Kino kitaasa engalo okuddamu okufuna obuwuka okuva ku bintu ebyo.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them.
Omugaso gw’okunaaba engalo mu mbeera y’eddwaliro kwe kuggyawo obuwuka obusirikitu ("germs") n’okwewala okubusaasaanya.
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
New England Journal of Medicine egamba nti obutanaaba mu ngalo kikyali kizibu kya maanyi mu malwaliro agasinga obungi, ng’abasawo bangi nnyo ne ba nansi beerabira okunaaba engalo zaabwe nga tebannakwata ku balwadde, ne kibaleetera okubasiiga obuwuka.
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
Okunoonyereza okumu kwalaga nti okunaaba mu ngalo obulungi n’emitendera emirala emyangu bisobola okukendeeza okuyingiza obuwuka mu musaayi okwekuusa ku kuyingiza obuseke mu mubiri n’ebitundu 66 ku kikumi. World Health Organization yafulumya olupapula olwoleka ennaaba y’engalo n’enkuuba y’engalo mu malwaliro.
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
Ekiwandiiko ekiruŋŋamya ennaaba y’engalo eky’ekitongole kino era kisobola okusangibwa ku mutimbagano gwakyo abantu basobole okukyogerako.
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
Okukyekenneenya okulungi kwakolebwa Whitby ne banne.
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
Waliwo ebyuma ebisobola okupima n’okukakasa obuyonjo, bwe kiba nga kyetaagisa okukakasa nti butuukana n’ebikkizirizibwa mu mateeka.
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands:
World Health Organization erina "Embeera Ttaano" ez’okunaabiramu engalo:
after exposure to blood/body fluids
oluvannyuma lw’okukwata ku musaayi/amazzi g’omu mubiri
before an aseptic task, and
ng’ogenda okukola ku kintu ekitaliimu buwuka, ne
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent.
oluvannyuma lw’okukola ku mulwadde. Okuteeka eddagala eritta obuwuka mu ssabbuuni (ssabbuuni ali "medicated" oba "antimicrobial") kisobozesa ssabbuuni oyo okuba ng’atta obuwuka.
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
Okutta obuwuka okwo kuyinza okuba nga kwetaagisa ng’okulongoosa omulwadde tekunnakolebwa oba mu mbeera omubeera ennyo obuwuka obwamanyiira eddagala eritta obuwuka. Okukuuba engalo ng’ogenda okulongoosa omulwadde, kyetaagisa okubeera ne taapu esobola okusumululwa n’okusibwa nga tekwatiddwako na ngalo, okunaaba ne chlorhexidine oba iodine, bu-tawulo obufumbiddwa okukazisa engalo oluvannyuma lw’okuzinaaba, ne bulaasi ey’okukuuta n’ekintu ekirala ekifumbiddwa okulongoosa mu njala.
All jewelry should be removed.
Ebyokwewunda byonna birina okuggyibwako.
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
Omulimu guno gwetaaga okunaaba mu ngalo n’ekitundu ky’emikono okutuuka mu nkokola, okumala eddakiika 2–6.
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
Okukuuba engalo okumala obudde obungi (eddakiika 10) tekwetaagisa.
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
Mu kumunyunguza, amazzi agava ku mikono tegateekwa kukulukutira ku ngalo.
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
Okunaaba mu ngalo bwe kuggwa, engalo zikazibwa n’akagoye akafumbiddwa olwo akakanzu akalongoosebwamu ne kambalwa.
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
Okukendeeza okusaasaana kw’obuwuka, kirungi okunaaba mu ngalo oba okukozesa eddagala eritta obuwuka ng’ogenda okukola ku mulwadde n’oluvannyuma.
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
Okuziyiza okufuna obuwuka (staphylococcal infections) mu malwaliro, kyazuulibwa nti okuganyulwa okusinga mu kulongoosa engalo kwava mu bitundu by’okunaaba ebisooka 20%, nti era okuganyulwa okulala kutono nnyo okwafunibwa ng’emirundi gy’okunaaba mu ngalo gyeyongedde okusukka mu bitundu 35%.
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
Okunaaba ne ssabbuuni omwereere kyongera obulwadde obuva ku bacteria okugenda mu mmere emirundi egisukka mu esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’okunaaba ne ssabbuuni alimu eddagala eritta bacteria. Okugeraageranya okukuuba engalo ne sanitizer alimu omwenge n’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni alimu eddagala eritta bacteria okumala obutikitiki 30 ku buli kimu kwalaga nti okukuuba engalo ne sanitizer alimu omwenge kyakendeeza bacteria n’ebitundu 26% okusinga ssabbuuni alimu eddagala eritta bacteria.
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
Wabula ssabbuuni n’amazzi bikola okusinga okukuuba ne sanitizer alimu omwenge mu kukendeeza akawuka ka H1N1 influenza A virus ne Clostridium difficile spores okuva mu ngalo. Ebikolebwa okutumbula obuyonjo bw’engalo mu malwaliro bisobola okuzingiramu okusomesa abakozi ku kunaaba mu ngalo, okwongera ku sanitizer ezirimu omwenge, n’okujjukiza abakozi mu buwandiike oba mu kwogera.
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
Waliwo obwetaavu bw’okwongera okunoonyereza ku kiki ku bikolebwa bino ekisinga okukola mu mbeera z’amalwaliro ez’enjawulo.
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
Mu mawanga agakyakula, okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni kirabibwa ng’enkola ekendeeza ku ssente, mu kufuna ebyobulamu ebirungi, era ne mu ndya ennungi.
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
Wabula, ebbula ly’amazzi, ssabbuuni oba ebikozesebwa okunaaba mu ngalo mu maka g’abantu, ku masomero ne ku mirimu kya kusoomooza mu kubunyisa n’okwagazisa empisa y’okunaaba mu ngalo wonna.
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
Okugeza, mu bitundu bya Africa eby’ebyalo ebisinga taapu ezikozesebwa okunaaba mu ngalo okuliraana buli kaabuyonjo ya bwannannyini oba ey’olukale za bbula, newankubadde ng’enkola ezitali za buseere ez’okuzimba ebifo ebinaabirwamu engalo weeziri.
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
Wabula, okunaaba mu ngalo ekitono era kisobola okubeera empisa z’omuntu ezaamukuliramu edda nga si bubulwa bwa mazzi na ssabbuuni.
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
Okulanga n’okukubiriza abantu okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni kisobola okukyusa ebisalibwawo mu ggwanga, okusomesa abantu ku miganyulo egiri mu kunaaba mu ngalo n’okukyusiza ddala empisa z’abantu obulamu bwabwe bwonna.
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
Naye kino okukola obulungi, okulondoola n’okwekaliriza abantu bye bakola kyetaagisa nnyo.
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements.
Okwekenneenya obulungi okw’emirundi 70 kwazuula nti enkola ezeesigamiziddwa ku bitundu abantu gye babeera mu nsi ezikyakula (LMICs) zikola bulungi mu kukubiriza abantu okunaaba mu ngalo; wabula, ye kakuyege w’okulanga ebyamaguzi ate ye takola mu ngeri eyo. Ekyokulabirako ky’okukubiriza abantu okunaaba mu ngalo mu masomero kye kya UNICEF "Enkola ey’Emmunyeenye Essatu (Three Star Approach)"; enkola eno erimu okukubiriza amasomero okukozesa enkola ennyangu ate ezitali za bbeeyi mu kukubiriza abayizi okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni, ng’ekimu ku byetaago by’obuyonjo.
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
Omutindo ogusookerwako bwe gutuukibwako, amasomero gasobola okuva ku mmunyenye emu ne geeyongera ku mmunyeenye essatu.
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
Okutegekawo ebifo by’okunaabiramu engalo kisobola okubeera omu ku kakuyege akolebwa okukendeeza ku ndwadde n’abaana okufa.
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
Olunaku lw’Ensi yonna olw’Okunaaba mu ngalo (Global Hand washing Day) nakyo kyakulabirako kirungi ekiyinza okukozesebwa okukubiriza abantu okukyusa empisa. Olw’obulwadde bwa coronavirus 2019-2020, UNICEF yayiiya akafaananyi akakozesebwa ku yintaneeti okukubiriza abantu okunaaba mu ngalo.
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
Waliwo okunoonyereza okutonotono okwekenneenyezza obusobosi mu byensimbi obw’awamu obw’okunaaba mu ngalo mu mawanga agakyakula bw’ogeraageranya n’olupimo lwa DALYs averted.
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
Wabula, okwekaliriza okumu okwakolebwa kulaga nti okutumbula okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssaabuuni kisingirako ddala enkola endala ez’okukozesa ku byamazzi n’obuyonjo (sanitation).
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing".
Obukulu bw’okunaaba mu ngalo eri obulamu bw’omuntu naddala eri abantu abali mu mbeera ey’okwegendereza ng’abakyala abaakasumulukuka oba abasirikale abafunye ebisago mu malwaliro – bwasooka kukengebwa wakati w’ekyasa kya 19, Omusawo w’omu Hungary Ignaz Semmelweis eyakoleranga mu ddwaliro ly’omu Vienna, Austria ne Florence Nightingale, Omungereza "eyazuula enzijanjaba ey’omulembe".
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
Mu kiseera ekyo abantu baali bakkiriza nti obulwadde bwali buva ku kivundu ekiyitibwa miasmas.
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
Mu myaka gya 1980, endwadde ezisaasaanira mu byokulya n’endwadde ezitambulira mu nkola z’obujjanjabi obw’enjawulo, zaaleetera ekitongole kya Amerika Ekinoonyereza ku Ndwadde (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) okufungiza ne kisomesa abantu omugaso gw’okunaaba mu ngalo olw’okuziyiza okusaasaanya endwadde.
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
Okubalukawo kw’omusujja gw’embizzi (swine flu) mu 2009 ne COVID-19 mu 2020 byaleetedde amawanga mangi okutegeera omugaso gw’okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni olw’okwerinda obulwadde obusiigibwa ng’obwo obwogeddwako.
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany.
Okugeza, ebiwandiiko ebitimbibwa ebiriko ebigambo nga "obukodyo bw’okunaaba mu ngalo obutuufu" bugenze buwanikibwa ewanaabirwa engalo mu kaabuyonjo z’olukale ne mu kaabuyonjo z’omu bizimbe omuli woofiisi ne ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi mu Bigirimaani.
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it.
Ebigambo bino "omuntu okunaaba mu ngalo" bitegeeza omuntu okulangirira nti omuntu yeggyeeko obuvunaanyizibwa oba okwenyigira mu kintu.
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
Ebigambo ebyo biri mu Bayibuli mu Matayo mwe tulabira Ponsio Piraato ng’anaaba mu ngalo olw’okusalawo okukomerera Yesu Kristo; wabula, ebigambo bino kati bikozesebwa nnyo mu bitundu ebirimu Abangereza.
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
Mu kitabo kya Shakespeare, Macbeth, Omukyala Macbeth akakibwa okunaaba mu ngalo ng’agezaako okulowooza ku kko lye yali alowoozaako obulowooza, kino nga kikiikirira okulumirizibwa kwe yali awulira olw’emisango gye yali azzizza ne gireetera ne bba okweggya mu budde.
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
Kizuuliddwa era nti abantu bwe bajjukira oba bwe balowooza ku bikolwa ebitali birungi bye bakoze, batera okunaaba ennyo mu ngalo okusinga abalala, era batera okussa ekitiibwa mu byuma ebikozesebwa okunaaba mu ngalo okusinga bwe baali bakola okusooka.