atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Precautions must be taken to minimise the risk of virus transmission, especially in healthcare settings when performing procedures that can generate aerosols, such as intubation or hand ventilation.
Okwegendereza kulina okubaawo okendeeza ku bulabe bw’okusiiga akawuka, nadddala mu malwaliro nga waliwo ebikolebwa ku mulwadde ebiyinza okuleeta oluzzizzi gamba ng’okuteekebwamu akaseke (intubation) oba ekyuma ekiyamba mu kussa ekikwatibwa mu ngalo (hand ventilation).
For healthcare professionals caring for people with COVID-19, the CDC recommends placing the person in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) in addition to using standard precautions, contact precautions and airborne precautions.The CDC outlines the guidelines for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic.
Eri abasawo abajjanjaba abalwadde abalina COVID-19, ekitongole kya CDC kisemba okuteeka omuntu mu kisenge ekirimu obulungi empewo (AIIR) okwo nga kw’otadde okukozesa okwegendereza okwa bulijjo, okwegendereza kw’okukwatagana n’abantu n’okwegendereza okukwata ku mpewo. CDC kinokola ebigobererwa mu kukozesa ebyokwesabika (PPE) mu kiseera kya nawookeera.
The recommended gear is: PPE gown, respirator or facemask, eye protection, and medical gloves.When available, respirators (instead of facemasks) are preferred.
Ebyokwesabika ebisembebwa bye bino: egganduula, akassizibwamu, akakookolo, ekibikka amaaso, ne giravu z’ekisawo. Bwe biba nga weebiri, ebissizibwamu (mu kifo ky’obukookolo) bye bisingako.
N95 respirators are approved for industrial settings but the FDA has authorised the masks for use under an Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA).
Obussizibwamu obwa N95 busembebwa okukozesebwa mu bifo eby’amakolero naye FDA kyawa obuyinza okukozesa obukookolo mu kaseera k’amangu (EUA).
They are designed to protect from airborne particles like dust but effectiveness against a specific biological agent is not guaranteed for off-label uses.
Bikolebwa okukuuuma omuntu eri obutundutundu obutambulira mu mpewo gamba ng’enfuufu, nae obukuumi obwenkomeredde eri obuwuka tebwekakasika mu nkozesa etali ntuufu.
When masks are not available, the CDC recommends using face shields or, as a last resort, homemade masks.
Obukookolo bwe buba nga tebuliiwo, ekitongole kya CDC kisemba nti bwe waba nga tewali kyakukozesa, obukookolo obukolebwa ewaka busobola okukozesebwa.
Most cases of COVID-19 are not severe enough to require mechanical ventilation or alternatives, but a percentage of cases are.
Abalwadde ba COVID-19 abasinga tebaba bayi nnyo kutuuka ku ssa lya kubateekako mukka naye nga waliwo ekigero ky’abantu abagwetaaga.
The type of respiratory support for individuals with COVID-19 related respiratory failure is being actively studied for people in hospital, with some evidence that intubation can be avoided with a high flow nasal cannula or bi-level positive airway pressure.
Ekika ky’obuwanirizi bw’omussizo obwetaagisa ku bantu abalina obuzibu obwekwanya n’obwa COVID-19 mu kussa bwetegerezebwa naddala ku bantu abali mu malwaliro, era waliwo obubaka obulaga nti okuteekebwamu akapiira kuyinza okwewalibwa ne bakozesa high flow nasal cannula oba bi-level positive airway pressure.
Whether either of these two leads to the same benefit for people who are critically ill is not known.
Tekimanyiddwa oba ng’ekimu ku bino kivaamu ebirungi bye bimu eri abalwadde abali obubi.
Some doctors prefer staying with invasive mechanical ventilation when available because this technique limits the spread of aerosol particles compared to a high flow nasal cannula.Severe cases are most common in older adults (those older than 60 years, and especially those older than 80 years).
Abasawo abamu basinga kwagala kukozesa nkola ya invasive mechanical ventilation bw’eba nga weeri kubanga akakodyo kano kakendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’obutundutundu bw’ogeraageranya ne high flow nasal cannula. Abalwadde ababeera obubi basinga kulabikira mu bantu abakuluko (abo abasussa emyaka 60 ate naddala abo abasussa emyaka 80).
Many developed countries do not have enough hospital beds per capita, which limits a health system's capacity to handle a sudden spike in the number of COVID-19 cases severe enough to require hospitalisation.
Amawanga mangi agaakula edda tegalina bitanda by’abalwadde bimala bw’ogeraageranya n’omuwendo gw’abantu be balina, kino kikendeeza ku busobozi bw’amalwaliro okukola ku balwadde singa wabaawo embeera y’okutumbiira kw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 ate nga bonna beetaaga okuweebwa ebitanda.
One study in China found 5% were admitted to intensive care units, 2.3% needed mechanical support of ventilation, and 1.4% died.
Okunoonyereza okumu mu China kwazuula nti ebitundu 5% bassibwa ku bujjanjabi obwenjawulo mu malwaliro, ebitundu 2.3% baali beetaaga ebyuma ebissizibwamu ate ebitundu 1.4% baafa.
In China, approximately 30% of people in hospital with COVID-19 are eventually admitted to ICU.
Mu China, abantu nga 30% abalwadde ba COVID-19 nga bali mu malwaliro balwa ddaaki ne bassibwa ku bujjanjabi obw’enjawulo (ICU.
Mechanical ventilation becomes more complex as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops in COVID-19 and oxygenation becomes increasingly difficult.
Ekyuma ekissizibwamu (Mechanical ventilation) kyongera okuzibuwala kubanga obuwladde bwa acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) bujja ne COVID-19 era okufuna omukka nakwo kweyongera okuzibuwala.
Ventilators capable of pressure control modes and high PEEP are needed to maximise oxygen delivery while minimising the risk of ventilator-associated lung injury and pneumothorax.
Ebyuma ebissizzibwamu (Ventilators) ebisobola okukola ku kunyiriza ne PEEP owa waggulu (high PEEP) yeetaagibwa okuleeta omukka gwa oxygen ogumala ate nga waliwo n’okukendeeza ku bulabe obwekwanya ku kyuma ekissizzibwamu (risk of ventilator-associated lung injury and pneumothorax).
High PEEP may not be available on older ventilators.
PEEP eya waggulu (High PEEP) eyinza okuba nga teri ku byuma ebissizibwamu ebikadde.
Research into potential treatments started in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are in clinical trials.
Okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obusoboka kwatandika mu Janwali 2020, era eddagala lingi erirwanyisa obuwuka (antiviral drugs) ligezesebwa mu kiseera kino.
Remdesivir appears to be the most promising.
Remdesivir lye lirabika okubaamu essuubi.
Although new medications may take until 2021 to develop, several of the medications being tested are already approved for other uses or are already in advanced testing.
Weewaawo ng’eddagala eppya liyinza okulwawo okukolebwa okutuuka eyo mu 2021, eddagala eddala erigezesebwa lyakakasibwa dda okukozesebwa ku bulwadde obulala era kati okugezesa kwalyo kuli ku mitendera gya waggulu.
Antiviral medication may be tried in people with severe disease.
Eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka (Antiviral medication) liyinza okugezesebwa ku bantu abalina obulwadde obw’amaanyi.
The WHO recommended volunteers take part in trials of the effectiveness and safety of potential treatments.The FDA has granted temporary authorisation to convalescent plasma as an experimental treatment in cases where the person's life is seriously or immediately threatened.
WHO kyasemba bannakyewa okwetaba mu kugezesa enkola y’eddagala ennungi n’okulaba oba nga teririimu bulabe. Ekitongole kya FDA kiwadde olukusa olw’ekiseera ku convalescent plasma ng’obujjanjabi obw’ekiseera mu mbeera obulamu bw’omuntu obulamu bw’omuntu we bubeerera mu katyabaga.
It has not undergone the clinical studies needed to show it is safe and effective for the disease.
Terinnaba kunoonyerezebwako kwandiyinzizza kulaba oba nga teririimu bulabe n’okumanya oba nga lijjanjaba obulwadde obwo.
In February 2020, China launched a mobile app to deal with the disease outbreak.
Mu Gwokubiri 2020, China yatongolza app y’essimu z’omu ngalo okuyambako mu kulondoola okubalukawo kw’obulwadde.
Users are asked to enter their name and ID number.
Abakozesa basabibwa okuteekamu amannya gaabwe ne nnamba ya ID.
The app is able to detect 'close contact' using surveillance data and therefore a potential risk of infection.
App esobola okukenga 'okusembereganat' ng’ekozesa obubaka bw’okulondoola, noolwekyo eyambako okukenga obulabe bw’obulwadde obuyinza okujja.
Every user can also check the status of three other users.
Buli mukozesa asobola okukebera embeera y’abakozesa abalala basatu.
If a potential risk is detected, the app not only recommends self-quarantine, it also alerts local health officials.Big data analytics on cellphone data, facial recognition technology, mobile phone tracking and artificial intelligence are used to track infected people and people whom they contacted in South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore.
Bwe wabaawo obulabe obuyinza okugwawo obukengeddwa, app tekoma ku kukusemba kweteeka mu kalantiini, naye etemya ne ku boobuyinza abeebyobulamu mu kitundu. Big data analytics ku bubaka bw’essimu z’omu ngalo, tekinologiya akenga amaaso, okulondoola amasimu ag’omu ngalo ne artificial intelligence bikozesebwa okulondoola abantu abakwatiddwa obulwadde n’abantu be baakwataganyeeko nabo mu South Korea, Taiwan ne Singapore.
In March 2020, the Israeli government enabled security agencies to track mobile phone data of people supposed to have coronavirus.
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, gavumenti ya Yisirayiri yasobozesa ebitongole okulondoola obubaka bw’oku masimu g’omu ngalo ag’abantu abateeberezebwa okubeera ne coronavirus.
The measure was taken to enforce quarantine and protect those who may come into contact with infected citizens.
Kino kyakolebwa olw’okunyweza eky’abantu okweteeka mu kalantiini n’okukuuma abo abayinza okukwatagana n’abo abalina obulwadde.
Also in March 2020, Deutsche Telekom shared aggregated phone location data with the German federal government agency, Robert Koch Institute, in order to research and prevent the spread of the virus.
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, Deutsche Telekom yagabana obubaka obukwata ku bifo abantu we baba bali n’ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya, Robert Koch Institute, kikole okunoonyereza n’okutangira okusaasaanya obulwadde.
Russia deployed facial recognition technology to detect quarantine breakers.
Russia yakola tekinologiya akenga amaaso nga bagenderera okulaba abo abadduka mu kalantiini.
Italian regional health commissioner Giulio Gallera said he has been informed by mobile phone operators that "40% of people are continuing to move around anyway".
Omukungu w’Ekitongole kya Italy eky’Ebyobulamu, Giulio Gallera yagamba nti yategeezebwa ab’amasimu g’omu ngalo nti " abantu ebitundu 40% bakyeyongera okutambulatambula".
German government conducted a 48 hours weekend hackathon with more than 42.000 participants.
Gavumenti ya Bugirimaanyi yakola okunoonyereza kwa ssaawa 48 ku wiikend (hackathon) n’abeetabi abasukka mu 42.000.
Also the president of Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, made a global call for creative solutions against the spread of coronavirus.
Mu ngeri y’emu Pulezidenti wa Estonia, Kersti Kaljulaid, yakubira ensi yonna omulanga okuyiiya engeri ez’enjawulo ez’okulwanyisa coronavirus.
Individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment or fear of the infection itself.
Abantu kinnoomu bayinza okwekyawa olwa Kalantiini, okukugirwa okutambula, okukosebwa okuva ku bujjanjabi oba okutya okubulwadde bwennyinis.
BBC quoted Rory O'Connor in saying, "Increased social isolation, loneliness, health anxiety, stress and an economic downturn are a perfect storm to harm people's mental health and wellbeing."
BBC yagamba nti Rory O'Connor yayogera ebigambo bino, "Okweyongera okweggya ku bantu, ekiwuubaalo, okucamuukiririra, okunyigirizibwa n’okweveera kw’ebyenfuna, bintu ebitaataaganya ebirowoozo n’embeera y’obulamu bw’abantu."
The disease may take a mild course with few or no symptoms, resembling other common upper respiratory diseases such as the common cold.
Obulwadde buyinza okujja nga si bwa maanyi ne bwoleka obubonero butono oba ne butalaga, nga bufaananako n’obwo obulala obutera okukwata omussizo ogwa waggulu gamba ssenyiga owa bulijjo.
Mild cases typically recover within two weeks, while those with severe or critical diseases may take three to six weeks to recover.
Obulwadde obutali bwa maanyi butera okugendera mu bbanga lya wiiki nga bbiri, ate obwo obw’amaanyi oba obulwadde obw’amaanyi buyinza okutwala ebbanga eriri wakati wa wiiki ssatu ne wiiki mukaaga okuwona.
Pregnant women may be at higher risk for severe infection with COVID-19 based on data from other similar viruses, like SARS and MERS, but data for COVID-19 is lacking.In some people, COVID-19 may affect the lungs causing pneumonia.
Abakyala abazito bayinzaokubeera mu bulabe bwa maani okukwatibwa COVID-19 okusinziira ku buwuka obulala nga SARS ne MERS, naye obubaka obukwata ku COVID-19 ku nsonga eno tebunnaba kufunika. Mu bantu abantu, COVID-19 ayinza okukosa amawuggwe olwo ne bafuna lubyamira.
In those most severely affected, COVID-19 may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing respiratory failure, septic shock or multi-organ failure.
Eri abo abakoseddwa ennyo, COVID-19 ayinza okukulira ku mbiro n’afuukamu obulwadde obw’amaanyi obukosa omussizo (acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ne kivaamu okulemererwa okussa, septic shock oba ebitundu by’omubiri ebiwera okulemererwa okukola emirimu gyabyo.
Complications associated with COVID-19 include sepsis, abnormal clotting and damage to the heart, kidneys and liver.
Obulwadde obwekwanya ku COVID-19 mulimu okulemererwa kw’ebitundu by’omubiri okukola (sepsis), okwekwata kw’omusaayi (abnormal clotting) n’okukosebwa ku mutima, ensigo n’ekibumba.
Clotting abnormalities, specifically an increase in prothrombin time, have been described in 6% of those admitted to hospital with COVID-19, while abnormal kidney function is seen in 4% of this group.
Okwekwata kw’omusaayi, naddala okweyongera kw’omusaayi okulwawo okwekwata (increase in prothrombin time), byonna ebyo birabiddwa mu balwadde ebitundu 6% abaweereddwa ebitanda mu ddwaliro olw’obulwadde bwa COVID-19, so ng’ate obuzibu bw’ensigo bulabiddwa mu balwadde abawera 4% mu kibinja ebyo.
Approximately 20-30% of people who present with COVID-19 demonstrate elevated liver enzymes (transaminases).
Abantu nga 20-30% abalina COVID-19 bazimba (elevated liver enzymes, transaminases).
According to the same report, the median time between onset of symptoms and death was ten days, with five being spent hospitalised.
Okusinziira ku alipoota y’emu eyo ekigero ky’obudde okuva obubonero lwe butandise n’okufa kyali ennaku kkumi ng’ennaku kkumi bazimala bali ku bitanda mu malwaliro.
However, patients transferred to an ICU had a median time of seven days between hospitalisation and death.
Wabula, abalwadde abateekebwa ku bujjanjabi obw’enjawulo (ICU) bwalina ekigero ky’obudde wakati w’ennaku musanvu ng’omulwadde ali mu ddwaliro n’okufa.
In a study of early cases, the median time from exhibiting initial symptoms to death was 14 days, with a full range of six to 41 days.
Mu kunoonyereza ku balwadde abaasooka, ekigero ky’obudde omuntu w’alagira obubonero n’okufa kyali wakati w’ennaku 14 n’ekirala wakati w’ennaku 6 n’ennaku 41.
In a study by the National Health Commission (NHC) of China, men had a death rate of 2.8% while women had a death rate of 1.7%.
Mu kunoonyereza kwa National Health Commission (NHC) mu China, omuwendo gw’abasajja abaali bafa baali awo ku bitundu 2.8% ate abasajja baali ku bitundu 1.7%.
Histopathological examinations of post-mortem lung samples show diffuse alveolar damage with cellular fibromyxoid exudates in both lungs.
Okukebera okwesigamiziddwa ku byafaayo (Histopathological examinations) ku sampolo z’abafu kulaga okukosebwa kwa diffuse alveolar damage wamu ne cellular fibromyxoid exudates mu mawuggwe gombi.
Viral cytopathic changes were observed in the pneumocytes.
Enkyukakyuka za Viral cytopathic zaalabibwa mu pneumocytes.
The lung picture resembled acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Ekifaananyi ky’amawuggwe kyafaanana okuba n’obulwadde bwa acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
In 11.8% of the deaths reported by the National Health Commission of China, heart damage was noted by elevated levels of troponin or cardiac arrest.
Mu baafa ebitundu 11.8% ebyategeezebwa Ekitongole kya National Health Commission ekya China, okukosebwa kw’omutima kwalabibwa nga kulimu ebigero by’okulemererwa kw’omutima (troponin or cardiac arrest).
According to March data from the United States, 89% of those hospitalised had preexisting conditions.Availability of medical resources and the socioeconomics of a region may also affect mortality.
Okusinziira ku bubaka bw’omu Gwokusatu okuva mu United States, ebitundu 89% ku abo abaaweebwa ebitanda mu malwaliro baalina obulwadde obullala. Obujjanjabi obuli mu kitundu n’embeera y’ebyenfuna nabyo bisobola okwongeza ku muwendo gw’abalwadde abafa.
Estimates of the mortality from the condition vary because of those regional differences, but also because of methodological difficulties.
Okuteebereza kw’omuwendo gw’abafa kukyukakyuka kubanga mu bitundu ebyo mulimu enjawulo, naye era n’olw’obukalubo bw’enseetuka.
The under-counting of mild cases can cause the mortality rate to be overestimated.
Okubalira wansi abo abatali balwadde nnyo kisobola okuleetera omuwendo gw’abafa okubalirwa waggulu.
However, the fact that deaths are the result of cases contracted in the past can mean the current mortality rate is underestimated.
Wabula, olw’okuba nti abafa baba abo abafunye obulwadde ge buvuddeko, kisobola okutegeeza nti omuwendo gw’abafa gubalirwa wansi.
Smokers were 1.4 times more likely to have severe symptoms of COVID-19 and approximately 2.4 times more likely to require intensive care or die compared to non-smokers.Concerns have been raised about long-term sequelae of the disease.
Abanywa sigala baalina mikisa egibalirwa ku bitundu 1.4 okufuna obubonero obw’amaanyi obwa COVID-19 wamu ng’emirundi 2.4 okwetaaga obujjanjabi obw’amangu oba okufa bw’ogeraageranya n’abo abatanywa. Waliwo okutya okulagiddwa ku abo abalina obulwadde obulala.
The Hong Kong Hospital Authority found a drop of 20% to 30% in lung capacity in some people who recovered from the disease, and lung scans suggested organ damage.
Aboobuyinza mu Ddwaliro lya Hong Kong baazuula okukka mu busobozi bw’ekibumba nga kuli wakati w’ebitundu 20% ku 30% mu bantu abamu abaawona obulwadde ate sikaani ezaakolebwa ku mawuggwe nga ziraga nti gaakosebwa.
This may also lead to post-intensive care syndrome following recovery.
This may also lead to post-intensive care syndrome following recovery.
As of March 2020, it was unknown if past infection provides effective and long-term immunity in people who recover from the disease.
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, kyali tekimanyiddwa oba ng’obulwadde obulala omuntu bw’asangibwa nabo bumuwa obusibage obulungi eri abalwadde abaawoona obulwadde obwo.
Immunity is seen as likely, based on the behaviour of other coronaviruses, but cases in which recovery from COVID-19 have been followed by positive tests for coronavirus at a later date have been reported.
Obusibage bulabika, okusinziira ku neeyisa ya coronavirus endala, naye ate abalwadde abawonye COVID-19 oluvannyuma bwe bazzeemu okukeberwa, bazuuliddwa nga balina coronavirus.
These cases are believed to be worsening of a lingering infection rather than re-infection.
Abalwadde abo balowoozebwa nti bafuna ekirwadde ekirala so si kuddamu kufuna bulwadde obwo.
The virus is thought to be natural and have an animal origin, through spillover infection.
Akawuka ako kalowoozebwa okubeera ak’obutonde era nga kava mu nsolo nga kaabuuka bubuusi ne kajja mu bantu (spillover infection).
The actual origin is unknown, but by December 2019 the spread of infection was almost entirely driven by human-to-human transmission.
Ensibuko yennyini temanyiddwa, naye Deesemba 2019 we yatuukira ensaasaana y’obulwadde obwo yali yeemalidde ku kutambulira mu bantu.
A study of the first 41 cases of confirmed COVID-19, published in January 2020 in The Lancet, revealed the earliest date of onset of symptoms as 1 December 2019.
Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku balwadde 41 aba COVID-19 abaasooka okukakasibwa, okwafulumizibwa mu Janwali 2020 mu The Lancet, kwalaga nti obubonero obwasooka okulabika bwaliwo nga 1 Deesemba 2019.
Official publications from the WHO reported the earliest onset of symptoms as 8 December 2019.
Ebiwandiiko ebyafuluma mu butongole okuva mu WHO byategeeza nti obubonero obwasooka okulabika bwaliwo nga 8 Deesemba 2019.
Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
Several measures are commonly used to quantify mortality.
These numbers vary by region and over time and are influenced by the volume of testing, healthcare system quality, treatment options, time since initial outbreak and population characteristics such as age, sex and overall health.
Emiwendo gino gyawukana okuva mu kitundu ekimu okudda mu kirala era nga kino kiva ku bungi bw’okukebera, omutindo gw’obujjanjabi, obujjanjabi obuliwo, ekiseera okuva obulwadde we bwatuukirayo n’ensonga endala ez’abantu nga emyaka, ekikula n’embeera y’obulamu bwabwe okutwaliza awamu.
In late 2019, WHO assigned the emergency ICD-10 disease codes U07.1 for deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and U07.2 for deaths from clinically or epidemiologically diagnosed COVID-19 without lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval.
2019 nga guggwaako, WHO kyateekawo koodi ey’amangu ICD-10 disease codes U07.1 ku baafa obulwadde bwa SARS-CoV-2 nga bakakasiddwa mu ggezeserezo ne U07.2 abaafa nga kiva mu kukebera ne balaba nga bafudde COVID-19 awatali kukeberebwa mu ggezeserezo kukakasa nti ddala bulwadde bwa SARS-CoV-2. Ekigero ky’omuwendo gw’abafa n’abalwadde kiraga omuwendo gw’aba mu kiseera ekigere.
Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is 6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) as of 17 April 2020.
Okusinziira ku bibalo bya John Hopkins University, ekigero ky’okufa n’obulwadde mu nsi yonna kiri ebitundu 6.9% (153,822/2,240,191) olwa 17 Ogwokuna 2020 we gwatuukira.
The number varies by region.Other measures include the case fatality rate (CFR), which reflects the percent of diagnosed individuals who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percent of infected individuals (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease.
Omuwendo ogwo gukyuka okusinziira ku kitundu. Obukodyo obulala mulimu ekigero ky’abalwadde abafa (CFR), omuwendo ogulaga omuwendo ku kikumi ogw’abo abakebeddwa ne bafa olw’endwadde, n’abakwatibwa obulwadde (IFR), omuwendo ogulaga abantu abalwadde (abakebeddwa ate era ne baddamu ne bakeberwa) ne bafa olw’obulwadde obumu.
These statistics are not time bound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution.
Ebibalo bino tebigendera ku ssaawa era bigoberera abantu ab’engeri emu okuva lwe bafunye obulwadde okutuuka ku nkomerero yaabwe (nga bawonye oba nga bafudde).
While not all infected people develop antibodies, the presence of antibodies may provide information about how many people have been infected.
Weewaawo abantu bonna abalwala tebafuna basirikale balwanyisa ndwadde, omuntu okubeera n’abasirikale abalwanyisa endwadde kiyinza okutuwa obubaka ku muwendo gw’abantu abakwatiddwa abalwadde.
In the epicentre of the outbreak in Italy, Castiglione d'Adda, a small village of 4600, 80 (1.7%) are already dead.
Mu Italy obulwadde gye bwasinga okwegiriisiza, ekyalo ekitonotono ekiyitibwa Castiglione d'Adda, abantu 4600, 80 (1.7%) baafa.
In Gangelt, the disease was spread by Carnival festivals, and spread to younger people, causing a relatively lower mortality, and not all COVID-19 deaths may have been formally classified as such.
Mu Gangelt, obulwadde bwasaasaanira mu bikujjuko ebyakazibwako Carnival festival, era omwo mwe bwava ne bukwata abavubuka, abantu batonotono ne bafa ear si buli muntu eyafa obulwadde bwa COVID-19 nti yategeerebwa nti bwe bumusse.
Furthermore, the German health system has not been overwhelmed.
Era, amalwaliro g’omu Bugirimaanyi tegazitoowereddwa balwadde.
In the Netherlands, about 3% may have antibodies, as assessed from blood donors.
Mu Netherlands, abantu nga 3% balina abasirikale abalwanyisa endwadde, nga bwe kyalabibwa mu bagaba omusaayi.
69 (0.004% of the population) have been confirmed to have died from COVID-19.
69 (ebitundu by’abantu 0.004%) bakakasiddwa nga bafudde COVID-19.
The impact of the pandemic and its mortality rate are different for men and women.
Okukosebwa okuva ku nawookeera wamu n’ekigero ky’abantu abafudde bya njawulo ku basajja ne ku bakazi.
Mortality is higher in men in studies conducted in China and Italy.
Okusinga ennyo, abasinze okufa basajja okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okukoleddwa mu China ne Italy.
The highest risk for men is in their 50s, with the gap between men and women closing only at 90.
Obulabe obusinga okuba mu basajja, buli mu abo abali mu myaka egya 50s, ate ng’ebbanga eriri wakati wak’abasajja n’abakazi liri ku myaka 90.
In China, the death rate was 2.8 percent for men and 1.7 percent for women.
Mu China, ekigero ky’abafa kyali 2.8 ku kikumi mu basajja, ne 1.7 ku kikumu mu bakazi.
The exact reasons for this sex-difference is not known, but genetic and behavioural factors could be a reason.
Ensonga yennyini ereetawo enjawulo eno mu kikula temanyiddwa naye ng’endagabutonde n’enneeyisa byandibaamu omuzinzi.
Sex-based immunological differences, lesser prevalence of smoking in women and men developing co-morbid conditions such as hypertension at a younger age than women could have contributed to the higher mortality in men.
Enjawulo mu busibage eyeesigamiziddwa ku kigula, abakyala obutanywa nnyo sigala ate n’abasajja okubeeramu obulwadde obw’enjawulo gamba nga entunnunsi ku myaka emimpi okusinga bwe kiri mu bakazi kyandiba nga kyaleetera omuwendo gw’abasajja abafa okubeera waggulu.
In Europe, 57% of the infected individuals were men and 72% of those died with COVID-19 were men.
E Bulaaya, ebitundu 57% eby’abalwadde baali basajja era ebitundu 72% ku abo abaafa COVID-19 baali basajja.
As of April 2020, the US government is not tracking sex-related data of COVID-19 infections.
Ogwokuna 2020 we gwatuukira, gagumenti ya Amerika yali terondoola bubaka bukwata ku kikula mu balwadde ba COVID-19.
Research has shown that viral illnesses like Ebola, HIV, influenza and SARS affect men and women differently.
Okunoonyereza kulaze nti obulwadde bw’obuwuka nga Ebola, HIV, yegu (influenza) ne SARS bukosa abasajja n’abakazi mu ngeri ya njawulo.
A higher percentage of health workers, particularly nurses, are women, and they have a higher chance of being exposed to the virus.
Abajjanjabi abasinga obungi naddala bannansi, bakazi, kitegeeza nti balina emikisa mingi okusiigibwa akawuka ako.
The World Health Organization announced on 11 February 2020 that the official name of the disease would be "COVID-19".
WHO Kyalangirira nga 11 Ogwokubiri 2020 nti erinnya ly’obulwadde ettongole buyitibwe "COVID-19".
WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus explained that CO stands for corona, VI for virus, D for disease, and 19 for when the outbreak was first identified: 31 December 2019.
Ssenkulu wa WHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus yannyonnyola nti CO kikiikirira corona, VI ku lwa virus, D ku lwa bulwadde, ne 19 ku lw’ekiseera ekirwadde lwe kyasooka okulabibwa: 31 Deesemba 2019.
The name had been chosen to avoid references to a specific geographical location (e.g. China), animal species or group of people, in line with international recommendations for naming aimed at preventing stigmatisation.The virus that causes COVID-19 is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Erinnya lyalondebwa okwewala okujuliza ku kifo kyonna (gamba nga China), ebika by’ensolo oba ekibinja ky’abantu, nga bagobererwa ebisembebwa mu nsi yonna okwewala okusosola. Akawuka akaleeta COVID-19 kayitibwa severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The WHO additionally uses "the COVID-19 virus" and "the virus responsible for COVID-19" in public communications.
WHO era kikozesa "akawuka COVID-19" ne "akawukaka akavunaanyizibwa ku COVID-19" mu kuwuliziganya kwabwe n’abantu.
Both the disease and virus are commonly referred to as "coronavirus".
Byo byombi, obulwadde n’akawuka bitera okwogerwako nga "coronavirus".
During the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China, the virus and disease were commonly referred to as "coronavirus" and "Wuhan coronavirus".
Mu kiseera we bwasooka okubalukirawo mu Wuhan, China, akawuka n’obulwadde byali biyitibwa "coronavirus" ne "Wuhan coronavirus".
In January 2020, WHO recommended 2019-nCov and 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease as interim names for the virus and disease in accordance with 2015 guidance against using locations in disease and virus names.
Mu Janwali 2020, WHO kyasemba 2019-nCov ne 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease ng’amannya ag’ekiseera okuyitibwa akawuka n’obulwadde nga bagoberera okuluŋŋamizibwa okwa 2015 okugaana okukozesa ebifo kutuuma endwadde n’obuwuka.
The official names COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 were issued on 11 February 2020.
Amannya amatongole COVID-19 ne SARS-CoV-2 gaafulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwokubiri 2020.
Due to capacity limitations in the standard supply chains, some digital manufacturers are printing healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.
Olw’obusobozi obutono mu kukola ebintu ebiri ku mutindo, ab’amakolero abamu bafulumya ebikozesebwa mu byobulamu nga swab z’omu nnyindo n’ebitundu by’ebyuma ebiyamba mu kussa.
In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup reverse-engineered and printed the required 100 valves overnight.
Mu kyokulabirako ekimu, eddwaliro ly’omu Italy bwe lyali lyetaaga valve y’oku kyuma ekiyamba mu kussa, abikola n’alwawo okugireeta mu budde bwe yeetaagirwamu, ekkolero ly’omu nsi eyo lyatandika okuyiiya amagezi era ne likola valve 100 ezaali zeetaagibwa mu kiro kimu.
After the initial outbreak of COVID-19, conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation emerged regarding the origin, scale, prevention, treatment and other aspects of the disease and rapidly spread online.
Oluvannyuma lw’okubalukawo kwa COVID-19, okwasooka, ebiteeberezo ebirimu obwekobaanyi, amawulire amakyamu byatandika okuyitiŋŋana nga byogera ku nsibuko, obunene, enziyiza n’enzijanjaba y’oubulwadde obwo wamu n’ebirala ebikwata ku bulwadde obwo era ne bisaasaana wonna ku yintaneeti mu kaseera mpa wekaaga.
Humans appear to be capable of spreading the virus to some other animals.
Abantu balabika nga basobola okusiiga ensolo obulwadde buno.
The study failed to find evidence of viral replication in pigs, ducks, and chickens.
Okunoonyereza kwalemererwa okuzuula obubaka obulaga okwekubisaamu kw’obuwuka mu mbizzi, mu mbaata, ne mu nkoko.
No medications or vaccine is approved to treat the disease.
Tewali ddagala oba ddagala ligema lyakakasiddwa ku bulwadde buno.
International research on vaccines and medicines in COVID-19 are underway by government organisations, academic groups and industry researchers.
Okunoonyereza kw’ensi yonna ku ddagala erigema n’eddagala lya COVID-19 likolebwako ebitongole bya gavumenti ez’enjawulo, ebibiina by’abanoonyereza, n’abanoonyereza mu makolereo.
In March, the World Health Organization initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Mu Gwokusatu, WHO kyatandikawo enkola eya "OKUKOLERA AWAMU mu Kugezesa" okwekaliriza eddagala eririwo ery’emirundi eno balabe erisinga okukola obulungi.
There is no available vaccine, but various agencies are actively developing vaccine candidates.
Tewali ddagala ligema naye ebitongole eby’enjawulo biri ku kaweefube wa kugezaako kufuna eryo erinaayamba.
Previous work on SARS-CoV is being utilised because SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 both use the ACE2 receptor to enter human cells.
Okunoonyereza okw’emabegako ku SARS-CoV kukozesebwa kubanga SARS-CoV ne SARS-CoV-2 bwombi bukozesa ACE2 receptor okuyingira mu butaffaali bwy’omuntu.
There are three vaccination strategies being investigated.
Waliwo engeri z’eddagala erigema za mirundi esatu erinoonyerezebwako.
First, researchers aim to build a whole virus vaccine.
Okusooka, abanoonyereza baluubirira okukola eddagala ly’akawuka eryawamu.
The use of such a virus, be it inactive or dead, aims to elicit a prompt immune response of the human body to a new infection with COVID-19.
Okukozesa akawuka akalinga ako, si nsonga oba kalamu oba kafu, kuluubirira okuleetawo obusibage obukolerawo mu mubiri gw’omuntu eri obulwadde obupya wamu ne COVID-19.
A second strategy, subunit vaccines, aims to create a vaccine that sensitises the immune system to certain subunits of the virus.
Engeri endala, eddagala erigema eriyitibwa ‘subunit vaccines’, engeri eno eruubirira kukola ddagala erigema erireetera obusibage bw’omubiri okukenga akawuka nga kalumbye omubiri.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, such research focuses on the S-spike protein that helps the virus intrude the ACE2 enzyme receptor.
Ku SARS-CoV-2, okunoonyereza okwo kusonze ku S-spike protein eyamba akawuka okuyingirira ACE2 enzyme receptor.
A third strategy is that of the nucleic acid vaccines (DNA or RNA vaccines, a novel technique for creating a vaccination).
Engeri ey’okusatu y’eyo eya nucleic acid vaccines (DNA oba RNA vaccines, akakodyo akapya ak’okutondawo eddagala erigema).
Experimental vaccines from any of these strategies would have to be tested for safety and efficacy.On 16 March 2020, the first clinical trial of a vaccine started with four volunteers in Seattle.
Eddagala ly’okugema erigezesebwa okuva mu nkola zino zijja kwetaagisa okugezesa okulaba nga teririna bulabe n’okujjanjaba obulungi. Nga 16 Ogwokusatu 2020, okugezesa obujjanjabi okwasooka kwatandika n’abantu bana abeewaayo okugezeserezebwako mu Seattle.
The vaccine contains a harmless genetic code copied from the virus that causes the disease.Antibody dependent enhancement has been suggested as a potential challenge for vaccine development for SARS-COV-2, but this is controversial.
Eddagala erigema lirimu genetic code ezitalina bulabe ezakoppebwa okuva ku kawuka akalwaza obulwadde obwo. Okutumbula amaanyi g’abasirikale b’omubiri kimenyeddwa ng’ekisobola okusoomooza okukola eddagala erigema erya SARS-COV-2, naye kino kibuzaabuza.
There are more than 300 active clinical trials underway as of April 2020.
We tutuukidde mu Gwokuna 2020, waliwo okugezesa kw’ekisawo okusoba mu 300 okukolebwa.
Seven trials were evaluating already approved treatments for malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine.
Okugezesa kwa mirundi musanvu kwali kwekenneenya eddagala eryamala edda okukakasibwa okujjanjaba omusujja, nga mwe muli n’okunoonyereza kwa mirundi ena ku hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with nine phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka erikozesebwa okujjanjaba obulwadde obulala lye likola ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu kunoonyereza kwa China, nga balina okugezesa okuli ku mutendera III kwa mirundi mwenda ku remdesivir okwetoloola amawanga agawerako nga baakufulumya alipoota ku nkomerero ya Apuli.
A dynamic review of clinical development for COVID-19 vaccine and drug candidates was in place, as of April 2020.Several existing antiviral medications are being evaluated for treatment of COVID-19, including remdesivir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir combined with interferon beta.
Okwekeneenya okw’amaanyi okw’ekisawo okw’okukola eddagala erigema erya COVID-19 n’ebisobola okubeera eddagala byaliwo, mu Apuli 2020. Eddagala erirwanyisa obuwuka eririwo lingi liri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okulaba oba lisobola okujjanjaba COVID-19, nga mwe muli, remdesivir, chloroquine ne hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir ne lopinavir/ritonavir nga mugattiddwamu interferon beta.
There is tentative evidence for efficacy by remdesivir, as of March 2020.
Mu Gw’okusatu 2020, waaliwo obubaka obutannakakasibwa nti remdesivir, yandiba nga ajjanjaba.
Clinical improvement was observed in patients treated with compassionate-use remdesivir.
Waalabikawo okussuukamu mu balwadde abajjanjabibwa ne compassionate-use remdesivir.
Phase III clinical trials are being conducted in the US, China and Italy.Chloroquine, previously used to treat malaria, was studied in China in February 2020, with preliminary results.
Omutendera III ogw’okugezesa kw’ekisawo gukolebwao mu US, China ne Italy. Chloroquine, eyakozesebwanga okujjanjaba omusujja, yekkeneenyezebwa mu China mu Gwokubiri 2020, era nga waliwo ebisookerwako ebyazuulibwa.
However, there are calls for peer review of the research.
Wabula, waliwo okusaba okwekenneenya okw’abakugu ab’enjawulo ku binoonyerezebwako.
Korean and Chinese Health Authorities recommend the use of chloroquine.
Ab’ebyobulamu mu Korea ne China bawagira okukozesa chloroquine.
However, the Wuhan Institute of Virology, while recommending a daily dose of one gram, notes that twice that dose is highly dangerous and could be lethal.
Wabula, wadde nga Wuhan Institute of Virology, bawagira okumira doozi emu buli lunaku eweza gulaamu emu, balabula nti bw’okubisaamu mu doozi eyo kya bulabe nnyo era kiyinza okukutta.
On 28 March 2020, the FDA issued an emergency use authorisation for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine at the discretion of physicians treating people with COVID-19.The Chinese 7th edition guidelines also include interferon, ribavirin or umifenovir for use against COVID-19.
Nga 28 Ogwokusatu 2020, FDA yayisa ekiragiro eky’amangu ngekkiriza okukozesa hydroxychloroquine ne chloroquine nga basinziira ku kuwabula kw’abasawo abajjanjaba abalwadde ba COVID-19. Olufulumya olwo 7 lw’ebigobererwa Abachina era lugattako interferon, ribavirin oba umifenovir mu kujjanjaba COVID-19.
Preliminary data indicate that high doses of ribavirin are necessary to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.
Ebyakazuulibwawo biraga nti doozi ennyingi eza ribavirin zeetaagisa okutangira SARS-CoV-2 mu vitro.
Nitazoxanide has been recommended for further in vivo study after demonstrating low concentration inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.Studies have demonstrated that initial spike protein priming by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
Nitazoxanide awagiddwa okwongera okunoonyerezebwako mu bintu ebiramu oluvannyuma lw’okwolesa obunafu mu kutangira SARS- CoV-2. Ebizuuliddwa biraga nti initial spike protein priming eya transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) ya mugaso nnyo okuyingiza SARS-CoV-2 nga yeegatta ne ACE2 receptor.
The studies of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin have major limitations that have prevented the medical community from embracing these therapies without further study.Oseltamivir does not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and has no known role in COVID-19 treatment.
Okunoonyereza ku chloroquine ne hydroxychloroquine nga mulimu oba temuli azithromycin zirina obunafu bungi obulemesezza abasawo okukkiriza okukozesa obujjanjabi buno nga tebwongedde kunoonyerezebwako. Oseltamivir takugira SARS-CoV-2 mu vitro era omugaso tegumanyiddwa COVID-19.
Cytokine storm can be a complication in the later stages of severe COVID-19.
Cytokine storm buyinza okuba obukosefu obw’amaanyi nga COVID-19 anyiinyitidde.
There is evidence that hydroxychloroquine may have anti-cytokine storm properties.Tocilizumab has been included in treatment guidelines by China's National Health Commission after a small study was completed.
Waliwo obukakafu nti hydroxychloroquine ayinza okubaamu ebirungo bya anti-cytokine storm properties. Tocilizumab ateereddwa mu bigobererwa aba China National Health Commission okujjanjaba oluvannyuma lw’okukola okunoonyereza okutonotono.
It is undergoing a phase 2 non randomised test at the national level in Italy after showing positive results in people with severe disease.
Eri ku mutendera 2 ogw’okugezesa okwetegekere ku mutendera gw’eggwanga mu Italy oluvannyuma lw’okulaga obubonero bw’obulwadde mu bantu abayi.
Combined with a serum ferritin blood test to identify cytokine storms, it is meant to counter such developments, which are thought to be the cause of death in some affected people.
Kati ligattiddwamu serum ferritin blood test okuzuula cytokine storms, era nga ligenderera kutangira bintu nga bino, ebirowoozebwa okutta abalwadde abamu.
The interleukin-6 receptor antagonist was approved by the FDA based on retrospective case studies for treatment of steroid refractory cytokine release syndrome induced by a different cause, CAR T cell therapy, in 2017.
Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist yakakasibwa ekitongole kya FDA nga beesigama ku kunoonyereza okw’emabega okujjanjaba steroid refractory cytokine release syndrome ereetebwa ekintu ekirala, CAR T cell therapy, mu 2017.
To date, there is no randomised, controlled evidence that tocilizumab is an efficacious treatment for CRS.
Okutuusa leero, tewali bukakafu bwa nkukunala nti tocilizumab ajjanjaba n’awonya CRS.
Transferring purified and concentrated antibodies produced by the immune systems of those who have recovered from COVID-19 to people who need them is being investigated as a non-vaccine method of passive immunisation.
Okukyusa abasirikale b’omubiri abalongooseddwa n’okugattibwa nga bakoleddwa omuyungo gw’obusibage ogw’abo abawonye COVID-19 ne bateekebwa mu bantu ababeetaaga kyekennenyezebwa ng’enkola etangira obulwadde ng’omuntu tagemeddwa.
This strategy was tried for SARS with inconclusive results.
Enkola eno yagezesebwa ku SARS naye nga ebyazuulibwa tebyali bya nkomeredde.
Viral neutralisation is the anticipated mechanism of action by which passive antibody therapy can mediate defence against SARS-CoV-2.
Okunafuya obuwuka y’enkola ey’okujjanjaba nga ekozesa obuwuka bu kyesirikidde okulwanyisa SARS-CoV-2.
Other mechanisms however, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and/or phagocytosis, may be possible.
Enkola endala wabula, nga antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ne/oba phagocytosis, zisoboka.
Other forms of passive antibody therapy, for example, using manufactured monoclonal antibodies, are in development.
Enkola endala ey’okujjanjabisa abasirikale abalwanyisa endwadde ba kyesirikidde, okugeza, okukozesa abasirikale abalwanyisa endwadde abaweeseddwa abayitibwa monoclonal, bali mu kukolebwa.
Production of convalescent serum, which consists of the liquid portion of the blood from recovered patients and contains antibodies specific to this virus, could be increased for quicker deployment.
Okukola convalescent serum, omuli omusaayi okuva ku balwadde abawonye era mulimu abasirikale abalwanyisa endwadde ezireetebwa akawuka kano, kusobola okwongerwako okusobola okwongera ku kukukola eddagala.
Coronavirus diseases, a group of closely related syndromes
Endwadde za Coronavirus, ekibinja ky’obubonero obufaanagana
Li Wenliang, a doctor at Central Hospital of Wuhan, who later contracted and died of COVID-19 after raising awareness of the spread of the virus.
Li Wenliang, dokita mu Central Hospital e Wuhan, oluvannyuma yakwatibwa obulwadde bwa COVID-19 era n’ekyavaamu n’afa ng’amaze okumanyisa ku nsaasaana y’akawuka ako.