atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Follow-up images after delivery showed no progression of pneumonia.Media reports indicate that over 100 women with COVID-19 might have delivered, and in March 2020, no maternal deaths were reported.
Ebifaananyi by’okulondoola oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala byalaga nti tewali kweyongera kwa yegu. Amawulire galaga nti abakyala abasukka abakyala 100 abalina COVID-19 bayinza okuba nga baazaala, era mu Gwokusatu 2020 tewali bakyala baafa.
Their guidelines thus advise that any pregnant person admitted to hospital with a COVID-19 infection should receive at least 10 days of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin after being discharged from the hospital.
Ebigobererwa byabwe bwe bityo biraga nti omuntu yenna alina olubuto aweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaliro ng’alina COVID-19 alina okufuna waakiri ennaku 10 eza prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin ng’amaze okusiibulwa mu ddwaliro.
There are no data yet concerning the implications of COVID-19 infections for labour.
Tewanabaawo bubaka bulaga biva mu bulwadde bwa COVID-19 ku kuzaala.
One infant girl born to a mother with COVID-19 had elevated IgM levels two hours after birth, suggesting that she had been infected in utero and supporting the possibility of vertical transmission in some cases.
Omuwala omuto omu eyazaalibwa omukyala alina COVID-19 yalina IgM levels eza waggulu nga wayise essaawa bbiri oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala, nga kiraga nti obulwadde yali abuggye munda era nga kiraga nti waliwo obusosi bw’okusaasaanya okw’engeri eyo mu balwadde abamu.
A small study involving 6 confirmed COVID-19 mothers showed no indication of SARS-COV-19 in their newborns' throats or serum but antibodies were present in neonatal blood sera samples, including IgM in two of the infants.
Okunoonyereza okutono omuli abakyala abazadde abalwadde 6 abakakasiddwa nga COVID-19 kwalaga nti abaana baabwe abaakazaalibwa tebaalina SARS-COV-19 mu mimiro gyabwe naye nga baalina abasirikale abalwanyisa obulwadde obwo mu sampolo z’omusaayi ogw’abaana abaakazaalibwa, omuli IgM mu baana abato babiri.
This is not usually passed from mother to fetus so further research is required to know whether the virus crossed the placenta or whether placentas of women in the study were damaged or abnormal.
Kino tekitera kusiigibwa kuva ku maama eri omwana atannazaalibwa n’olwekyo okunoonyereza okusingawo kwetaagisa okumanya oba akawuka kaayita ku kitanyi oba ebitanyi by’abakazi mu kunoonyereza byali bikoseddwa oba nga si bya bulijjo.
Since COVID-19 shows similarities to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it is likely that their effect on pregnancy are similar.
Olw’okuba COVID-19 alaga obubonero bwe bumu ne SARS-CoV ne MERS-CoV, kisobokera ddala nti byonna bikosa ab’embuto mu ngeri y’emu.
Four of seven had first trimester miscarriage, two of five had fetal growth restriction in the second trimester, and four of five had preterm birth.
Bana ku musanvu baavaamu embuto mu myezi esatu egisooka, babiri ku bataano abaana baakonzibira mu mbuto mu myezi esatu ku mukaaga, ate bana ku bataano bazaala abaana nga tebatuuse.
None of the newborns were infected with SARS-CoV.
Tewali baana bawere baalina bulwadde bwa SARS-CoV.
A report of ten cases of MERS- CoV infection in pregnancy in Saudi Arabia showed that the clinical presentation is variable, from mild to severe infection.
Alipoota okuva ku balwadde ba MERS-CoV abaali embuto mu Saudi Arabia yalaga nti ebyayanjulwa abasawo bikyukakyuka, okuva ku bulwadde obutali bwa maanyi ate olulala ne birag obulwadde obw’amaanyi.
The outcome was favorable in a majority of the cases, but the infant death rate was 27%.A recent review suggested that COVID-19 appeared to be less lethal to mothers and infants than SARS and MERS but that there may be an increased risk of preterm birth after 28 weeks' gestation.
Ebyafaamu byali birungi mu balwadde abasinga naye abato abaafa baali ku kigero kya 27%. Okwekaliriza okwakolebwa emabegako awo kwalaga nti COVID-19 alabika si wabulabe nnyo ku bakyala abazadde ne ku baana okusinga SARS ne MERS naye nti waliwo okweyongera kw’obulabe bw’okuzaala ng’olubuto terunnatuuka oluvannyuma lwa wiiki 28.
The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States advises pregnant women to do the same things as the general public to avoid infection, such as covering cough, avoid interacting with sick people, cleaning hands with soap and water or sanitizer.
WHO ne CDC eby’omu Amerika biwa abakyala bazito amagezi okukola ekintu kye kimu ng’abantu abalala okwewala obulwadde, gamba ng’okubikka emimwa ng’okolola, okwewala okwetaba n’abantu abalwadde, okunaaba mu ngalo ne ssabbuuni n’amazzi oba ne sanitizer.
A survey conducted in Shanghai among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy identified a strong demand for online access to health information and services.
Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Shangai mu bakyala abali embuto ez’ebbanga ery’enjawulo baalaba obwetaavu bwa maanyi obw’okufuna obubaka bw’ebyobulamu n’obuweereza.
People expecting their first baby were more willing to have online consultation and guidance than who had previously given birth.The RCOG and RCM recommend that in-person appointments be deferred by 7 days after the start of symptoms of COVID-19 or 14 days if another person in the household has symptoms.
Abantu abaali basuubira omwana waabwe asooka baali beetegefu okufuna okuluŋŋamizibwa n’okwebuuza online okusinga abo abaali bazaddeko. RCOG ne RCM bisemba nti okulabagana okw’amaaso ku maaso kulina okuyimirizibwa okumala ennaku 7 oluvannyuma lw’okutandika kw’obubonero bwa COVID-19 oba ennaku 14 omuntu omulala mu maka bw’aba n’obubonero.
Fever subsequently developed in three asymptomatic patients.
Olusujja lwagenda lukula mu balwadde basatu abataalabikirako bubonero.
One patient who had tested negative subsequently became symptomatic postpartum and tested positive three days after the initial negative test.
Omulwadde omu eyali akebeddwa ne kirabika nti talina bulwadde oluvannyuma yalabikirako obubonero era bwe yakeberwa oluvannyuma lw’ennaku ssatu yalaga nti alina ng’ate yasooka kulaga nti talina bulwadde.
The doctors conducting the screening recommended that in order to reduce infection and allocate PPE, due to high numbers of patients presenting as asymptomatic, universal screening of pregnant patients should be conducted.
Abasawo abakola okusunsulamu baasemba nti okusobola okukendeeza ku kukukosebwa n’okugaba ebyokwesabika, olw’omuwendo gw’abalwadde abangi abatalabikirako bubonero, okusunsula okw’abakyala ab’embuto kulina okukolebwa.
They also suggest that people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should have continuous electronic fetal monitoring.
Era baateesa nti abantu abateeberezebwa oba abakasibwa nti balina COVID-19 balina okukolebwako okulondoola kw’omwana ali mu lubuto okwa buli kiseera.
The use of birthing pools is not recommended for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 due to the risk of infection via faeces.
Okukozesa ebifo ebipiira ebinaabirwamu/okuwugiramu (birthing pools) tekisembebwa eri abateeberezebwa okubeera ne COVID-19 olw’obulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde obuyita mu bubi.
In the UK, official recommendations state that precautionary separation of a mother and a healthy baby should not be undertaken lightly and that they should be kept together in the postpartum period where neonatal care is not required.Literature from China recommended separation of infected mothers from babies for 14 days.
Mu Bungereza, ebisembebwa ebitongole biraga nti okweyawula okulimu okwegendereza eri omukyala n’omwana omulamu tebiteekwa kutwalibwa ng’ebyolusaago era nti balina okukuumibwa nga bali wamu ng’amaze okuzaala bwe kiba nti okulabirira omwana tekwetaagisa. Ebiwandiiko ebiva e China bisemba okwawula abakyala abazadde abalina obulwadde okuva ku baana baabwe okumala ennaku 14.
In the US there is also the recommendation that newborns and mothers should be temporarily separated until transmission-based precautions are discontinued, and that where this is not possible the newborn should be kept 2 metres away from the mother.
Mu Amerika nayo waliwo okusemba nti abaana abazaalibwa ne bannyaabwe balina okwawulibwa okumala akaseera okutuusa ng’okwegendereza kw’okusaasaanya obulwadde kumaze okuggyibwawo, era nti kino we kitasobokera omwana eyakazaalibwa alina okukuumibwa nga yeesudde mmita 2 okuva ku nnyina.
b'COVID-19 surveillance involves monitoring the spread of the coronavirus disease in order to establish the patterns of disease progression.
okulondoola b'COVID-19 kutwaliramu okulondoola okusaasaana kw’obulwadde bwa coronavirus okusobola okulaba engeri obulwadde gye bweyongera mu maaso.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active surveillance, with focus of case finding, testing and contact tracing in all transmission scenarios.
Ekitongole kya World Health Organization (WHO) kisemba okulondoola okutakoma, nga essira liteekebwa ku kuzuula abantu, okubakebera n’okulondoola abeetabyeko n’abalwadde mu nkola zonna ez’okulwanyisa okusaasaanya endwadde.
COVID-19 surveillance is expected to monitor epidemiological trends, rapidly detect new cases, and based on this information, provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessment and guide disease preparedness.
okuketta COVID-19 kusuubira okulondoola enseetuka y’ekirwadde, okukenga amangu abalwadde abapya, era okusinziira ku bubaka obwo obubaka obukwata ku bulwadde bufunibwe okusobola okwekaliriza obulabe era n’okuluŋŋamya okwetegekera obulwadde.
Syndromic surveillance is done based on the symptoms of an individual that corresponds to COVID-19.
Okulondoola obubonero kukolebwa okusinziira ku bubonero bw’omuntu kinnoomu obukwatagana ne COVID-19.
As of March 2020, the WHO recommends the following case definitions:
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, WHO kisemba okunnyonnyola kino:
Probable case : "A suspect case for whom testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive" OR "a suspect case for whom testing could not be performed for any reason".
Omulwadde ateeberezebwa: "Ateeberezebwa okuba omulwadde naye ng’okukeberwa akawuka ka-COVID-19 tekulaga kyankomeredde" OBA "ateeberezebwa okuba omulwadde naye nga tasobola kukeberebwa olw’ensonga yonna".
Confirmed case: "A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms".
Omulwadde akakasiddwa: "Omuntu akebeddwa era ebivudde mu ggezeserezo ne bikakasa nti alina COVID-19, nga si nsonga oba alina bubonero bwa ngeri ki".
Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case;
Okukwatagana obutereevu n’omuntu ateebererezebwa oba akakasiddwa okuba omulwadde;
Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment;
Okulabirira omulwadde obutereevu ateeberezebwa oba akakasiddwa nti alina obulwadde bwa COVID-19 awatali kukozesa bibikka mubiri ebirungi;
Other situations as indicated by local risk assessments".WHO recommends reporting of probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection within 48 hours of identification.
Embeera endala nga bwe ziragibwa ab’omu kitundu abakola ku kwekaliriza obulabe". WHO kisemba okutegeeza abateeberezebwa n’abakakasiddwa okubeera ne COVID-19 mu ssaawa 48 mwe baba balabiddwa.
The countries should report on a case-by-case basis as far as possible, but in case of limitation in resources, aggregate weekly reporting is also possible.
Amawanga galina okuwa amawulire mulwadde-ku-mulwadde nga bwe kisoboka, naye bwe kiba ng’ebikozesebwa biremesa okukikola, okugatta emiwendo gya buli wiiki nakyo kisoboka.
Some organizations have created crowdsourced apps for syndromic surveillance, where people can report their symptoms to help researchers map areas with concentration of COVID-19 symptoms.
Ebitongole ebimu bitonzeewo app eziyitibwa ‘crowdsourced apps’ okuketterako obubonero abantu mwe basobola okulagira obubonero bwabwe okuyambako okuyamba abanoonyereza okulabamba ebitundu ebirimu ennyo obubonero bwa COVID-19.
Virological surveillance is done by using molecular tests for COVID-19.
Okuketta okunoonyereza ku buwuka kukolebwa na kukozesa kukebera kwa molecular okwa COVID-19.
WHO has published resources for laboratories on how to perform testing for COVID-19.
WHO kyafulumya ebikozesebwa mu magezeserezo ku ngeri y’okukebera COVID-19.
In the European Union, laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 are reported within 24 hours of identification.
Mu Mukago gwa Bulaaya, abalwadde abakaksiddwa n’okugezesa kw’omu ggezeserezo nga balina COVID-19 bategeezebwa mu ssaawa 24 mwe balabirwa.
At least 24 countries have established digital surveillance of their citizens.
Amawanga waakiri 24 gatandewo okulondoola abantu baago okw’oku kompyuta.
The digital surveillance technologies include apps, location data and electronic tags.
Okulondoola okwa kompyuta mulimu apps, obubaka obukwata ku kifo omuntu waali n’obulambi ku kompyuta.
The Center For Disease Control and Prevention in USA tracks the travel information of individuals using airline passenger data.
CDC mu Amerika kirondoola obubaka obukwata ku ntambula z’omuntu kinnoomu nga bakozesa obubaka bw’entambula z’ennyonyi.
In Hong Kong, authorities are requiring a bracelet and an app for all travellers.
Mu Hong Kong, aboobuyinza baagala okulaba buli mutambuze ng’alina akakomo ku mukono ne app.
A GPS app is used to track the locations of individuals in South Korea to ensure against quarantine breach, sending alerts to the user and to authorities if people leave designated areas.
App ya GPS ekozesebwa okulondoola ebifo by’abantu kinnoomu mu South Korea okukakasa nti omuntu tadduka mu kalantiini, okuweereza okutemyako eri omukozesa n’aboobuyinza omuntu singa ava mu kifo ky’ateekeddwa okubeeramu.
In Singapore, individuals have to report their locations with photographic proof.
Mu Singapore, abantu balina okulaga ebifo mwe bali nga beekuba n’ebifaananyi okukakasa kye bagamba.
Thailand is using an app and SIM cards for all travelers to enforce their quarantine.
Thailand ekozesa app na kaadi za SIM ku batambuze bonna okukakasa nti bonna bali mu kalantiini.
Human rights organizations have criticized some of these measures, asking the governments not to use the pandemic as a cover to introduce invasive digital surveillance.
Ebitongole ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu bikolokose ezimu ku nkola zino nga bisaba gavumenti zireme kukozesa kiseera kya nawookeera ng’ekyekwaso ky’okuleetawo okulondoola kw’oku kompyuta okutyoboola.
b'A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Eddagala erigema b'A COVID-19 ddagala erirowoozebwako obulowoozebwa okulwanyisa obulwadde bwa 2019 (COVID-19).
Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple attempts in progress to develop such a vaccine.
Weewaawo tewali ddagala ligema limazeeyo kiseera kya kugezesa kwa kisawo, waliwo okugezaako okuwerako okukwajja okukulaakulanya eddagala ery’engeri eyo.
In late February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months.
Ogwokubiri 2020 nga guggwaako 2020, ekitongole ki-WHO kyagamba tekisuubira ddagala ligema SARS-CoV-2, akawuka akaleeta obulwadde, okujja ku katale mu bbanga erikka wansi w’emyezi18.
Five vaccine candidates were in Phase I safety studies in April.
Eddagala eriruubira okugema lya mirundi etaanu lye lyali mu Mutendera I ogw’okunoonyereza okulaba obulabe mu Gwokuna.
COVID-19 was identified in December 2019.
COVID-19 yategeerekeka mu Deesemba 2019.
A major outbreak spread around the world in 2020, leading to considerable investment and research activity to develop a vaccine.
Nawookeera ow’amaanyi yasaasaana wonna mu nsi mu 2020, ekyaleetawo okusiga ssente nnyini ddala mu kunoonyereza olw’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema.
Many organizations are using published genomes to develop possible vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Ebitongole bingi bikozesa ebikwata ku kunoonyereza (genomes) ebyafulumizibwa okukulaakulanya eddagala eriyinza okugema SARS-CoV-2.
Stated in April, imperatives of the CEPI initiative for vaccine development are speed, manufacturing capacity, deployment at scale, and global access.
Okunoonyereza kwatandikibwa mu Gwakuna, ebyetaagisa mu kaweefube wa CEPI ow’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema ze mbiro, obusobozi bw’okulikola, okukola eddagala mu bungi obwetaagisa n’okulibunyisa mu nsi yonna.
In April, CEPI scientists reported that 10 different technology platforms were under research and development during early 2020 to create an effective vaccine against COVID-19.
Mu Gwokuna, bannassaayansi ba CEPI baategeeza nti emikutu gya tekinologiya 10 egy’enjawulo gyali ku kunoonyereza na kukulaakulanya nga 2020 gwakatandika okutondawo eddagala erigema COVID-19.
Major platform targets advanced into Phase I safety studies include:
Emikutu egy’amaanyi egyajja mu Mutendera I ogw’okunoonyereza okulaba obulabe mulimu:
nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: Moderna, mRNA-1273)
nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) (Omukulaakulanyi w’Omutendera I era omuluubirizi w’eddagala erigema: Moderna, mRNA-1273)
viral vector (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: CanSino Biologics, adenovirus type 5 vector)
viral vector (Omukulaakulanyi w’Omutendera I era n’eddagala eriruubirirwa: CanSino Biologics, adenovirus type 5 vector)
As reported by CEPI scientists in April, 115 total vaccine candidates are in early stages of development, with 78 confirmed as active projects (79, according to the Milken Institute), and 37 others announced, but with little public information available (presumed to be in planning or being designed).
Nga bwe kyategeezebwa CEPI bannassaayansi mu Gwokuna, eddagala erigema eriruubirirwa lya mirundi 115 lyali mu kiseera ekisookerwako ekyokukulaakulanyizibwa, 78 ku lyo lyakakasibwa nga pulojekiti ezigenda mu maaso (79, okusinziira ku Milken Institute), n’eddala 37 eryalangirirwa, naye nga tewali bubaka bumala mu lwatu obulikwatako (kirowoozebwa okuba nga bakyali mu kuteekateeka oba nga bakyabaga).
A Phase I-II trial conducts preliminary safety and immunogenicity testing, is typically randomized, placebo-controlled, and at multiple sites, while determining more precise, effective doses.
Okunoonyereza okw’omutendera I-II okugezesa kubaamu okukola okunoonyereza okusookerwako okulaba oba mulimu obulabe n’okugezesa okugema, kubaamu okulondoba okw’okulabiraawo, mubaamu okukozesa eddagala lya kiguumaaza, kukolebwa mu bifo bingi, nga bwe balaba doozi ezisinga okukola obulungi.
Phase III trials typically involve more participants, including a control group, and test effectiveness of the vaccine to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose.
Okunoonyereza okw’omutendera III kubeeramu abeetabi bangiko nga mulimu n’ekibinja ekigeraageranyizibwako n’okugezesa okulaba eddagala bwe likola okuziyiza obulwadde, nga bwe balondoola okukosa okuva mu kukozesa doozi esingayo obunene.
Of 79 vaccine candidates in active development (confirmed as of early April 2020), 74 were not yet in human evaluation (still in "preclinical" research).
KU ddagala erigema 79 eriruubirirwa eiri mu kukulaakulanyizibwa (eryakakasibwa mu Gwokuna 2020 nga gutandika), 74 lyali terinnatuuka ku kwkalirizibwa mu bantu (likyali ku "kunoonyereza ng’okwekisawo tekunnaba).
Around 24 January 2020 in Australia, the University of Queensland announced that it is investigating the potential of a molecular clamp vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins in order to stimulate an immune reaction.
Awo nga 24 Janwali 2020 mu Australia, University of Queensland yalangirira nti linoonyereza ku busobosi bwa molecular clamp vaccine eryandiyinzizza okukyusa endagabutonde ya viral proteins olwo obusibage buzuukusibwe.
Around 24 January 2020 in Canada, the International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) at the University of Saskatchewan announced the commencement of work on a vaccine, aiming to start human testing in 2021.
Awo nga 24 Janwali 2020 mu Canada, International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) ku University of Saskatchewan kyalangirira entandikwa y’omulimu gw’okuzuula eddagala erigema, nga bateebereza okutandika okugezesa mu bantu mu 2021.
Vaccine development projects were announced at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 26 January 2020, and the University of Hong Kong on 28 January.
Pulojekiti y’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema kwalangirirwa ku Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention nga 26 Janwali 2020, ne University of Hong Kong nga 28 Janwali.
Around 29 January 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, led by Hanneke Schuitemaker, announced that it had begun work on developing a vaccine.
Awo nga 29 Janwali 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, nga bakulemberwa Hanneke Schuitemaker, baalangirira nti baali batandise omulimu gw’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema.
Janssen is co-developing an oral vaccine with its biotechnology partner, Vaxart.
Janssen ekolera wamu ne Vaxart okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema erimiribwa nga bakozea biotechnology.
On 18 March 2020, Emergent BioSolutions announced a manufacturing partnership with Vaxart to develop the vaccine.
Nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2020, Emergent BioSolutions kyalangirira okukola eddagala nga kikolera wamu ne Vaxart okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema.
On 8 February 2020, the laboratory OncoGen in Romania published a paper on the design of a vaccine with similar technology to the one used for cancer neoantigen vaccination therapy.
Nga 8 Ogwokubiri 2020, eggezeserezo lya OncoGen mu Romania lyafulumya olupapula ku nkola y’eddagala erigema nga likozesa tekinologiya y’omu n’oyo ow’eryo erijjanjaba kookolo (cancer neoantigen vaccination therapy).
On 25 March the head of the research institute announced that they had finalized the synthesis of the vaccine and were beginning the tests.
Nga 25 Ogwokusatu ssenkulu w’okunoonyereza mu kitongole ky’okunoonyereza yalangirira nti baali bamaliriza okwekaliriza eddagala erigema era nga bagenda kutandika okugezesa.
On 27 February 2020, a Generex subsidiary company, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, announced they were beginning a vaccine project to create an Ii-Key peptide vaccine against COVID-19.
Nga 27 Ogwokubiri 2020, kampuni ya Generex entono, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, yalangirira etandise pulojeki y’okutondawo Ii-Key peptide vaccine okulwanyisa COVID-19.
They wanted to produce a vaccine candidate that could be tested in humans "within 90 days."
Baali baagala okukola eddagala erigema eriyinza okugezesebwa mu bantu "mu nnaku 90."
On 5 March 2020, Washington University in St. Louis announced its projects to develop a vaccine.
Nga 5 Ogwokusatu 2020, Washington University mu St. Louis yalangirira pulojekiti yaayo ey’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema.
On 5 March 2020, the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, both in western Maryland, announced they were working on a vaccine.
Nga 5 Ogwokusatu 2020, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command e Fort Detrick ne Walter Reed Army Institute of Research mu Silver Spring, byonna nga biri mu Maryland ey’obugwanjuba, byalangirira nti bikola ku ddagala erigema.
Around 10 March 2020, Emergent Biosolutions announced that it had teamed with Novavax Inc.
Awo nga 10 Ogwokusatu 2020, Emergent Biosolutions kyalangirira nti kyali kikoze omukago ne Novavax Inc.
in the development and manufacture of a vaccine.
mu kukulaakulanya n’okufulumya eddagala erigema.
The partners further announced plans for preclinical testing and a Phase I clinical trial by July 2020.
Aboomukago era baalangirira enteekateeka z’okugeza ng’okunoonyereza kw’ekisawo tekunnaba n’Okunoonyereza kw’Omutendera I okutandika mu Gwomusanvu 2020.
On 12 March 2020, India's Health Ministry announced they are working with 11 isolates, and that even on a fast track it would take at least around one-and-a-half to two years to develop a vaccine.
Nga 12 Ogwokusatu 2020, Ministule ya Indida ey’obulamu yalangirira bakola ne isolates 11, era nti ne bwe baba nga banguye nnyo kijja kutwala waakiri omwaka gumu n’ekitundu oba emyaka ebiri okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema.
On 12 March 2020, Medicago, a biotechnology company in Quebec City, Quebec, reported development of a coronavirus-like particle under partial funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
Nga 12 Ogwokusatu 2020, Medicago, kampuni eya biotechnology Quebec City, Quebec, yagamba nti ekulaakulanya coronavirus-like particle ng’esasulirwako ssente ntono okuva mu Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
The vaccine candidate is in laboratory research, with human testing planned for July or August 2020.
Eddagala eriruubirirwa okugenda liri mu kugezesa kw’omu ggezeserezo mu kunoonyereza, ng’okuzesa mu bantu kutegekeddwa mu Gwomusanvu oba mu Gwomunaana 2020.
Earlier that week, The Guardian reported that the US President Donald Trump had offered CureVac "'large sums of money' for exclusive access to a Covid-19 vaccine", against which the German government protested.
Mu nnaku ezaasooka mu wiiki eyo, The Guardian lwalangirira nti Pulezidenti wa Amerika Donald Trump yali awadde CureVac "'ssente eziwera' okukola okunoonyereza okw’enjawulo ku ddagala erigema Covid-19", ekintu kino gavumenti ya Bugirimaanyi yakiwakanya.
On 17 March 2020, American pharmaceutical company Pfizer announced a partnership with German company BioNTech to jointly develop a mRNA-based vaccine.
Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2020, kampuni ya America enkozi y’eddagala Pfizer yalangirira omukago ne kampuni ya Bugirimaanni BioNTech okukolera awamu okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema eryesigamiziddwa ku mRNA.
mRNA-based vaccine candidate BNT162, currently in pre-clinical testing with clinical trials expected to begin in April 2020.
eddagala erigema eryesigamiziddwa ku mRNA eriruubirirwa BNT162, era nga kati liri mu kugezesa ng’okwekisawo tekunnaba era okugeza kusuubira okutandika mu Gwokuna 2020.
In Italy on 17 March 2020, Takis Biotech, an Italian biotech company announced they will have pre-clinical testing results in April 2020 and their final vaccine candidate could begin human testing by fall.
Mu Italy nhs 17 Ogwokusatu 2020, Takis Biotech, kampuni ya Italian eya biotech yalangirira nti ejja kubeera n’okunooyereza okusooka ng’okwekisawo tekunnaba mu Gwokuna 2020 era eddagala lyabwe erigema eriruubirirwa liyinza okutandika okugezesebwa mu bantu mu Gwomwenda.
In France on 19 March 2020, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced a US$4.9 million investment in a COVID-19 vaccine research consortium involving the Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), and the University of Pittsburgh, bringing CEPI's total investment in COVID-19 vaccine development to US$29 million.
Mu Bufransa nga 19 March 2020, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) kyalangirira nti kyali kitadde obukadde US$4.9 mukago gw’okunoonyereza ku ddagala erigema COVID-19 omuli Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), ne University of Pittsburgh, ne kiteeka omugatte gwa CEPI's mu kunoonyereza ku ddagala erigema COVID-19 ku bukadde US$29.
CEPI's other investment partners for COVID-19 vaccine development are Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, the University of Hong Kong, the University of Oxford, and the University of Queensland.
Awalala CEPI w’atadde ssente z’okukulaakulanya eddagala erigema COVID-19 mwe muli Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, University of Hong Kong, University of Oxford, ne University of Queensland.
On 20 March 2020, Russian health officials announced that scientists have begun animal testing of six different vaccine candidates.
Nga 20 Ogwookusatu 2020, abakungu b’ebyobulamu mu Russia baalangirira nti bannassaayansi batandise okugezesa ensolo nga bakozesa eddagala erigema eriruubirirwa lya mirundi etaanu.
Imperial College London researchers announced on 20 March 2020 that they are developing a self-amplifying RNA vaccine for COVID-19.
Abanoonyereza mu Imperial College London baalangirira nti nga 20 Ogwokusatu 2020 nti bali mu kaweefube ku kukulaakulanya vaccine ekolera ku self-amplifying RNA okugema COVID-19.
The vaccine candidate was developed within 14 days of receiving the sequence from China.
Eddagala erigema eriruubirirwa lyakulaakulanyhizibwa mu nnaku 14 nga bafunye ebirabirwako okuva mu China.
In late March, the Canadian government announced C$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian companies and universities, such as the Medicago and University of Saskatchewan initiatives.
Mu Gwokusatu nga guggwaako, gavumenti ya Canada yalangigira nti etaddewo miliyoni C$275 okusakirira okunoonyereza kwa pulojekiti 96 ku kunoonyereza ku COVID-19, omwo nga mwe muli eddagala eriruubirirwa okugema ery’enjawulo mu makampuni ne yunivaasite, gamba nga Medicago ne University of Saskatchewan.
Around the same time, the Canadian government announced C$192 million specifically for developing a COVID-19 vaccine, with plans to establish a national "vaccine bank" of several new vaccines that could be used if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Mu kiseera kye kimu, gavumenti ya Canada yalangirira miliyoni C$192 nga za kukola ddagala erigema COVID-19, n’ekigendererwa ky’okuteekawo “etterekero ly’eddagala erigema” ery’enjawulo erisobola okukozesebwa singa wabalukawo akawuka ka coronavirus akalala.
On 2 April 2020, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine reported on testing of PittCoVacc, a possible COVID-19 vaccine in mice, stating that "MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccines elicited potent antigen-specific antibody responses [in the mice] that were evident beginning 2 weeks after immunization."
Nga 2 Ogwokuna 2020, abanoonyereza ku Yunivaasite ya Pittsburgh School of Medicine baafulumya alipoota ku kugezesa PittCoVacc, eddagala erisobola okugema COVID-19 mu mmese, nga bagamba nti "MNA yafulumya ekitundu ky’eddagala erigema erya SARS-CoV-2 S1 okuva mu butaffaali obulwanyisa endwadde obw’amaanyi [obuli mu mmese] obwalabika okutandikira ku wiiki 2 oluvannyuma lw’okugema.”
In Canada on 16 April 2020, the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy announced design of a DNA-based vaccine candidate as a possible nasal spray.
Mu Canada nga 16 Ogwokuna 2020, Yunivaasite ya Waterloo School of Pharmacy yalangirira eddagala erigema ery’esigamiziddwa ku DNA; baagamba nti liyinza okukozesebwa nga lifuuyirwa mu nnyindo.
Using bacteriophages, the DNA will be designed to replicate inside human bacteria to produce harmless virus-like particles, which may stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Nga beeyambisa bacteriophages, DNA ejja kuzimbibwa nga yeefaananyiriza obuwuka obuli mu mubiri gw’omuntu okuzaala obuntu obulinga obuwuka naye nga si bwa bulabe, obuyinza okusisimula obutaffaali bw’omubiri obulwanyisa endwadde okusobola okuzaala abasirikale b’omubiri okulwanyisa akawuka ka SARS-CoV-2 virus.
In March 2020, the US government, industry, and three universities pooled resources to access supercomputers from IBM, combined with cloud computing resources from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google.
Mu Gwokusatu 2020, gavumenti ya US, amakolero, ne yunivaasite ssatu baasonda ebikozesebwa okufuna kompyuta kalaso okuva mu IBM, gattako cloud ebintu bya kompyuta ebya cloud okuva mu Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, ne Google.
Some vaccines have heterologous effects, also called non-specific effects.
Eddagala erimu erigema lilina ebirivaamu eby’enjawulo, era ebimanyiddwa nga ebivaamu ebitamanyiddwa bulungi.
That means they can have benefits beyond the disease they prevent.
Ekyo kitegeeza lisobola okuba n’ebirungi ebisinga ku kutangira obutangizi endwadde.
A further randomized trial in Australia is seeking to enrol 4,170 healthcare workers.
Okugezesa okulala okwembagirawo mu Australia kwagala okuwandiisa abajjanjabi 4,170.
It is possible vaccines in development will not be safe or effective.
Kisoboka nti eddagala erigema erikolebwa kati teriireme kubaamu bulabe oba terijja kukola.
Early research to assess vaccine efficacy using COVID-19-specific animal models, such as ACE2-transgenic mice, other laboratory animals, and non-human primates, indicate a need for biosafety-level 3 containment measures for handling live viruses, and international coordination to ensure standardized safety procedures.
Okunoonyereza okwasooka okukolebwa okwekenneenya obutuufu bw’eddagala erigema erikozesa ebisolo ebirondemu ebirimu COVID-19, okugeza emmese za ACE2-engattirire, ebisolo ebirala eby’omu ggezeserezo, n’ebisolo ebirala, bulaga obwetaavu bw’enkola ez’okutangira biosafety-level 3 ey’okukola ku buwuka obulamu, n’okukolagana ku ddaala ly’ensi yonna okulaba nti ebikolebwa tebiriimu bulabe.
Vaccines against SARS and MERS have been tested in non-human animal models.
Vaccines against SARS and MERS zigezeseddwa ku bisolo ebitali bantu.
As of 2020, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that has been shown to be both safe and effective in humans.
Omwaka 2020 we gutuukidde, nga tewali ddagala liwonya oba kugema SARS erisangiddwa nga teririna buzibu ate nga likola bulungi mu bantu.
According to research papers published in 2005 and 2006, the identification and development of novel vaccines and medicines to treat SARS was a priority for governments and public health agencies around the world.There is also no proven vaccine against MERS.
Okusinziira ku mpapula z’okunoonyereza ezafulumizibwa mu 2005 ne 2006, okuyiiya n’okukulaakulanya eddagala eppya erigema n’okujjanjaba ebirwadde bya SARS kyali kya nkizo eri gavumenti n’ebitongole by’eby’obulamu okwetoloola ensi yonna. Naye era tewali ddagala ligema likakasiddwa kugema MERS.
When MERS became prevalent, it was believed that existing SARS research may provide a useful template for developing vaccines and therapeutics against a MERS-CoV infection.
MERS bwe yatandika okulabika ennyo, kyalowoozebwa nti okunoonyereza okuliwo ku SARS kuyinza okuwa amagezi ag’omugaso ageesigamizibwako okukola eddagala erigema n’okujjanjaba obulwadde bwa MERS-CoV.
As of March 2020, there was one (DNA based) MERS vaccine which completed phase I clinical trials in humans, and three others in progress, all of which are viral-vectored vaccines, two adenoviral-vectored (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac), and one MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
We twatuukira mu Gwokusatu 2020, waaliwo eddagala erigema (eryesigamiziddwa ku DNA) lya mulundi gumu lyokka eryali limaze okuyita ku mutendera I ogw’okugezesebwa okw’ekisawo mu bantu, n’eddala lya mirundi esatu eryali likyakolebwako, nga lyonna wamu limanyiddwa nga viral-vectored vaccines, nga bbiri za adenoviral-vectored (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac), ate emu MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
Social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus behind COVID-19 was known and that a vaccine was already available.
Waliwo olugambo oluyitiŋŋana ku mikutu emikwanirawala mbu akawuka akalwaza COVID-19 kaali kamaanyibwa dda era nti eddagala erikagema lyakolebwa dda.
The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.
Obuvumbuzi obwogerwako emikutu emikwanirawala egy’enjawulo bujuliza obuvumbuzi obuliwo ku nkulaakulanya y’eddagala erijjanjaba n’erigema obulwdde obulala obuleetebwa akawuka ka coronavirus gamba nga SARS coronavirus.
b'Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.
Obuwuka bwa b'Coronavirus kibinja kya buwuka obufaanagana obuleeta endwadde mu bisolo n’ebinyonyi.
In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
Mu bantu, obuwuka bwa coronavirus buleeta obukosefu ku bitundu ebissa obuyinza okuba obutonotono oba obw’omutawaana.
Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold (which has other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
Obulwadde obutonotono mulimu ssennyiga owa bulijjo (asobola okuleetebwa ebintu ebirala, okusingira ddala obuwuka bwa rhinovirus), so ng’ate obulwadde obwomutawaana busobola okulwaza SARS, MERS, ne COVID-19.
Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea.
Obubonero mu bintu ebirala bwa njawulo: mu nkoko, buleeta obulwadde bw’okuyiriitira, so ng’ate mu nte n’embizzi bulwaza embiro.
There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
Tewannabaawo ddagala ligema oba erirwanyisa obuwuka lizuulibwa okugema oba okujjanjaba akawuka ka coronavirus mu bantu.
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.
Coronaviruses zikola famire eyitibwa Orthocoronavirinae, mu famire eyitibwa Coronaviridae, mu luggya lwa Nidovirales, ne realm eyitibwa Riboviria.
They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
Buwuka obwesabika obulina oluguwa olumu RNA genome ne nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Ekigero kya genome ya coronaviruses kiva kumpi kilobases 26 okutuuka ku 32, nga kye kimu ku bigero ebinene mu buwuka obw’ekika kya RNA.
They have characteristic club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which in electron micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona from which their name derives.
Bwakula nga buliko engeri y’amaggwaggwa, nga bwekulungirivu era nga bukola ekifaananyi ekyefaananyirizaako sseŋŋendo, era wano we wava erinnya lyabwo.
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
Coronaviruses bwasooka kuzuulibwa mu 1930s obulwadde obw’amaanyi obukosa omussizo bwalabibwa ng’obuleetebwa akawuka akakosa emimiro akayitibwa infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated.Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.
Mu myaka gya 1940, coronaviruses endala bbiri ez’omu nsolo, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) ne transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), zaalabibwa. Coronaviruses ez’omu bantu zaazuulwa mu myaka gya 1960.
The earliest ones studied were from human patients with the common cold, which were later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43.
Ezaasooka okwekkaanyizibwa zaali mu bantu abalwadde abalina ssenyiga owabulijjo era oluvannyuma obwatuumibwa obuwuka bw’omu bantu ( human coronavirus 229E) ne human coronavirus OC43.
They were first imaged by Scottish virologist June Almeida at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
They were first imaged by Scottish virologist June Almeida at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019.
Obuwuka obulala obwa coronaviruses mu bantu buzze buzuulibwa, omuli SARS-CoV mu 2003, HCoV NL63 mu 2004, HKU1 mu 2005, MERS-CoV mu 2012, ne SARS-CoV-2 mu 2019.
Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections.
Obusinga obungi ku buno buleseewo obulwadde obw’amaanyi obw’ekuusa ku kussa.
The name was first used in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new family of viruses.
Erinnya eryo lyasooka kukozesebwa ekibinja ekitaali kitongole ekyabanonoyereza ku buwuka mu 1968 mu kiwandiiko ky’ekiyivu (journal) ekiyitibwa Nature nga batuuma ekika ky’obuwuka (family of viruses).
The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown or of a solar corona.
Erinnya liraga enfaanana y’obuwuka obwo (enkula y’akawuka esiiga obulwadde) eringa bblubu y’ettaala nga kuliko obuntu obusongolerevu mu nfaanana ate nga mu bwekulungirivu kirina sseŋŋendo, era okwo kwe kuva erinnya solar corona.
This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.
Enkula eno ereetebwa oluggwaggwa oluli kungulu kw’akawuka, oluyitibwa protein ku lususu lw’akawuka.
Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.
Obuwuka bu-coronavirus bukyusakyusa mu nkula enneekulungirivu nga bulinga bbalubu naye nga buliko oluggwaggwa.
The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electron dense shells.The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.
Ekikuta ky’akawuka mu electron micrographs kifaanana nga electron dense shell bbiri. Ekikuta ky’akawuka okulususu olw’emirundi ebiri naye ng’eddiba (M), ekikuta (E) n’eriggwa (S) protein eziri mu kikula kyayo mwe zeekwata.
The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
Olusavu olukola ekikuta eky’emibiri ebiri, protein w’omuddiba ne nucleocapsid bikuuma akawuka nga kali bweru w’ekintu ku we keekwata.
Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.
Coronaviruse bubeeramu oluguwa lwa RNA genome lumu.
The genome size for coronaviruses ranges from 26.4 to 31.7 kilobases.
Ekigero kya genome ekya kiri wakati wa kilobases 26.4 okutuuka ku 31.7.
The genome size is one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Ekigero kya genome kye kimu ku binene mu buwuka bwa RNA.
The open reading frames 1a and 1b, which occupy the first two-thirds of the genome, encode the replicase/transcriptase polyprotein.
Engeri y’okugabanya 1a ne 1b, ebeera mu bitundu byakusatu ebya genome, biraga replicase/transcriptase polyprotein.
The replicase/transcriptase polyprotein self cleaves to form nonstructural proteins.The later reading frames encode the four major structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid.
Replicase/transcriptase polyprotein byekwata okukola protein. Engabanya endala zibaamu protein ennya: spike, envelope, membrane, ne nucleocapsid.
Interspersed between these reading frames are the reading frames for the accessory proteins.
Ebibunye mu ngabanya zino z’engabanya za accessory proteins.
The number of accessory proteins and their function is unique depending on the specific coronavirus.
Omuwendo gwa accessory protein n’omugaso gwazo ya njawulo okusinziira ku kika kya coronavirus.
Infection begins when the viral spike (S) glycoprotein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor.
Obulwadde butandika ng’eriggwa (S) glycoprotein lyekwata ku kintu akawuka kwe kasaasaanira.
After attachment, a protease of the host cell cleaves and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.
Bwe kamala okwekwata, protease y’ekintu kwe kasaasaanira yeenyweza era ne kaleetera protein y’eriggwa okuvaayo.
Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and activation allows the virus to enter the host cell by endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its genome enters the cell cytoplasm.
Okusinziira ku kataffaali ka protease akaliwo, okwekwata n’okuleetera protein okuvaayo kiganya akawuka okuyingria mu kataffaali k’ekintu kye keekutteko mu ngeri eyitibwa endocytosis oba okwesogga obutereevu mu kikuta ky’akawuka n’eddiba ly’ekintu kwe keekutte, ekitundu ky’akawuka kivaako olukuta, genome yaako n’eyingira mu cell cytoplasm.
The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping open reading frame of the virus genome and forms a long polyprotein.
Ribosome y’ekintu ekyekwatibwako kifuula engabanya eyasooka eya genome y’akawuka ne kafuukamu polyprotein empanvu.
The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.
Polyprotein erina proteases eyaayo eyeekwata ku polyprotein n’efuukamu protein endala nnyingi.
A number of the nonstructural proteins coalesce to form a multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC).
Nonstructural protein zeegatta okukola multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC).
The main replicase-transcriptase protein is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
Replicase-transcriptase protein enkulu ye RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
It is directly involved in the replication and transcription of RNA from an RNA strand.
Keetaba butereevu mu kwekubisaamu ne mu kufuukafuuka kwa RNA okuva mu luguwa lwa RNA.
The other nonstructural proteins in the complex assist in the replication and transcription process.
Nonstructural protein endala mu kwegatta okwo, ziyambako mu kuzaalukana ne mu nkwajja y’okufuukafuuka.
The exoribonuclease nonstructural protein, for instance, provides extra fidelity to replication by providing a proofreading function which the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lacks.One of the main functions of the complex is to replicate the viral genome.
Okugeza, protein eyitibwa Exoribonuclease nonstructural, ereeta okuzaalukana ng’ekola omulimu gwa proofreading ate nga RNA-dependent RNA polymerase tegulina. Ogumu ku mulimu omukulu ogw’ekigatte (complex) kwe kuzaalukanya genome y’akawuka.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense genomic RNA from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
RdRp eyungirira butereevu synthesis of negative-sense genomic RNA okuva mu positive-sense genomic RNA.
This is followed by the replication of positive-sense genomic RNA from the negative-sense genomic RNA.
Kino kiddirirwa okuzaalukana kwa positive-sense genomic RNA okuva mu negative-sense genomic RNA.
The other important function of the complex is to transcribe the viral genome.
Omugaso omulala omukulu ogw’ekigatte (complex) kwe kufuulafuula genome y’akawuka.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
RdRp eyungirira butereevu synthesis of negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules okuva mu positive-sense genomic RNA.
This is followed by the transcription of these negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules to their corresponding positive-sense mRNAs.
Kino kigobererwa okufuukafuuka negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules ne bukwatagana ne bunnaabwo bu-positive-sense mRNAs.
The replicated positive-sense genomic RNA becomes the genome of the progeny viruses.
Positive-sense genomic RNA ezaalukanyiziddwa efuuka genome ya progeny viruses.
The mRNAs are gene transcripts of the last third of the virus genome after the initial overlapping reading frame.
mRNAs biba bifuulefuule bya ndagabutonde eby’ekitundu ky’akawuka ebisembayo ebya genome oluvannyuma lw’engabanya esookerwako esibagana n’endala.
These mRNAs are translated by the host's ribosomes into the structural proteins and a number of accessory proteins.
mRNAs bufuulibwafuulibwa ne ribosomes z’ekintu akawuka kwe keekwata ne bufuukamu structural proteins ne accessory proteins eziwererako ddala.
RNA translation occurs inside the endoplasmic reticulum.
RNA translation ebeerawo munda mu endoplasmic reticulum.
The viral structural proteins S, E, and M move along the secretory pathway into the Golgi intermediate compartment.
Viral structural proteins S, E, ne M zitambulira ku kakubo okuyita protein ne budda mu Golgi intermediate compartment.
There, the M proteins direct most protein-protein interactions required for assembly of viruses following its binding to the nucleocapsid.
Awo, protein ez’ekika kya M ziruŋŋamya enkolagana ya protein esinga eyeetaagisa okukuŋŋaanya obuwuka nga kagoberera okwekwata kwako ku nucleocapsid.
Progeny viruses are then released from the host cell by exocytosis through secretory vesicles.
Olwo ate Progeny viruses zifulumizibwa okuva ku ekyo ekyekwatibwako akawuka nga zikozesa exocytosis through secretory vesicles.
The interaction of the coronavirus spike protein with its complement host cell receptor is central in determining the tissue tropism, infectivity, and species range of the virus.
Enkolagana y’eriggwa lya protein ya coronavirus n’ekibeerako akawuka nkulu nnyo mu kusalawo ku tissue tropism, okusiiga obulwadde,n’ekigero ky’olunyiriri lw’akawuka.
The SARS coronavirus, for example, infects human cells by attaching to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
Okugeza SARS coronavirus, erwaza obutaffaali bw’omuntu nga kayitira mu kwekwata ku angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
The scientific name for coronavirus is Orthocoronavirinae or Coronavirinae.
Erinnya ly’ekinnassaayansi erya coronavirus lye lino Orthocoronavirinae oba Coronavirinae.