atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
about how long have these symptoms been going on?
obubonero buno bumaze nga bbanga ki?
and all chest pain should be treated this way especially with your age
era obulumi bwonna obw’omukifuba bulina kujjanjabibwa mu ngeri eno naddala okusinziira ku myaka gyo
and along with a fever
era awamu n’olusujja
and also needs to be checked your cholesterol blood pressure
era kyetaagisa okukeberebwa ekirungo ky’obutafaali okumanya puleesa y’omusaayi
and are you having a fever now?
era olina olusujja mu kiseera kino?
and are you having any of the following symptoms with your chest pain
era olina obumu ku bubonero buno mu kulumizibwa okw’omukifuba?
and are you having a runny nose?
era okulukuta eminyira?
and are you having this chest pain now?
era olumizibwa mu kifuba kati?
and besides do you have difficulty breathing
era olinamu obuzibu mu kussa
and can you tell me what other symptoms are you having along with this?
era osobola okumbuulira obubonero obulala bw’olina ng’oggyeeko buno?
and does this pain move from your chest?
era obulumi buno buvaawo mu kifuba kyo?
and drink lots of fluids
n’okunywa ennyo eby’okunywa
and how high has your fever been
era olusujja lubadde ku bbugumu ly’enkana ki
and i have a cough too
era nkolola n’okukolola
and i have a little cold and a cough
era nninamu ssennyiga omutonotono n’okukolola
and i'm really having some bad chest pain today
era mpulira obulumi obw’amaanyi mu kifuba olwaleero
and is this the right time for your hay fever
era kino kye kiseera mw’ofunira okufuukuuka kw’omubiri okubaawo mu bbanga eggere
and it get the chest pain
era mubaamu okulumizibwa mu kifuba
and i think i have a little bit of a fever
era ndowooza nti nninamu olusujja
and i want you to describe where the chest pain is
era njagala onnyonnyole w’owulira obulumi bw’omukifuba
and she is sorta have the same symptoms
era alinga alinamu obubonero bwe bumu
and tell me what symptoms are you having now?
era mbuulira obubonero bw’olina mu kiseera kino?
and they're having some fevers as well
era balinamu n’olusujja
and with your history of diabetes
era n’ebyafaayo byo ku bulwadde bwa sukaali
and you know it feels like my chest is like gonna crush
era omanyi kiwulikika ng’ekifuba kyange ekigenda okwabika
and you know people cough on me all the time
era okimanyi nti abantu bankololeramu buli kiseera
and you're having chest pain
era olumizibwa mu kifuba
and your symptoms do not go away in five days
era obubonero bwo tebuvuddeewo mu nnaku ttaano
and you said this is a pressure in your chest
era wagambye nti eno puleesa mu kifuba kyo
anyone in the family have a heart problem heart disease heart attack high cholesterol high blood pressure
waliwo omuntu yenna mu famire alina ekizibu ku mutima obulwadde bw’omutima omutima okwesiba amasavu amangi puleesa nga eri waggulu
any other symptoms or problems that you notice with the muscle aches?
waliwo obubonero obulala oba obuzibu bw’ofuna obwekuusa ku kulumizibwa ennyingo?
any sharp pain on your left side of your chest?
waliwo obulumi obw’amaanyi bw’ofuna ku ludda olwa kkono olw’ekifuba kyo?
are there other people sick as you at home with your same symptoms?
waliyo abantu abalala ewaka abalwadde nga balina obubonero bwe bumu n’obubwo?
are you having any difficulty breathing now
olinamu obuzibu mu kussa mu kiseera kino
are you having any other symptoms?
olinawo obubonero obulala bwonna?
are you having any shortness of breath?
olinamu ekizibu ky’okuziyira?
are you still having the chest pain
okyalumizibwa mu kifuba
because this is flu season
kubanga kino kiseera kya ssennyiga
besides the diabetes do you have other problems or important diseases?
ng’oggyeeko sukaali olinayo obuzibu obulala oba endwadde ez’amaanyi?
but also we shouldn't be put aside for the heart cardiac origin chest pain
naye era tetuteekeddwa kulekebwa bbali ku nsibuko y’obulumi bw’omukifuba obuvaako okwesiba kw’omutima
but a more important problem now is this chest pain
naye ekizibu ekikulu kati bwe bulumi bw’omu kifuba
but if you have the cough
naye bw’oba ng’okolola
but i have difficulty breathing
naye nnina obuzibu mu kussa
but i know lot of people cough on me
naye mmanyi abantu bangi abankololeramu
but we need to treat every chest pain with the utmost seriousness
naye tulina okujjanjaba buli bulumi obw’omukifuba n’amaanyi mangi
but you're breathing all right right now right?
naye nga kati olabika ossa bulungi?
'cause of this chest pain i totally forgot
olw’obulumi bw’ekifuba bwe nnina nabyerabirira ddala
'cause they're having a cough
kubanga bakolola
does it feel like somebody squeezing your chest
kiwulikika ng’omuntu akunyiga mu kifuba
do still feel like shortness of breath
nkyawuliramu okuziyira
do they complain of being sick similar symptoms?
beemulugunya okulwala n’obubonero bwe bumu?
do you have any blood pressure problem as far as you know?
olina obuzibu bwa puleesa okusinziira nga ggwe bw’omanyi?
do you have any other chronic like high blood pressure or anything like that?
olinayo obulwadde bw’olukonvuba obulala nga puleesa oba obulala ng’obwo?
do you have any other diseases chronic medical problems like diabetes?
olinayo endwadde z’olukonvuba endala oba obuzibu ku bulamu okugeza nga sukaali?
do you have any shortness of breath with that chest pain?
obulumi bw’ekifuba bukuleetera okuziyira?
do you have high blood pressure?
olina puleesa?
do you have some shortness of breath goes with that?
ofuna okuziyira olw’ekyo?
do you know what symptoms she was having?
olina obubonero bwonna nga ye bwe yalina?
do your relatives have the same symptoms
abooluganda lwo balina obubonero bwe bumu
do you see the image?
ekifaananyi okiraba?
drink plenty of fluids today
nywa eby’okunywa bingi leero
have a dry cough a cold and runny nose vomiting diarrhea
nnina okukolola okutakutuka ssennyiga n’eminyira okusesema embiro
however i take tests for the diabetes
naye nkeberebwa sukaali
however she has symptoms quite similar to mine
naye alina obubonero obwefaananyirizaako obwange
how high is your fever?
oyokerera kyenkana ki?
how' s your blood pressure?
entabula y’omusaayi gwo eri etya?
i don't think i have high blood pressure
sirowooza nti nnina puleesa eya waggulu
i feel a pain in the chest here in the front part of the chest
mpulira obulumi mu kifuba wano mu kitundu ky’ekifuba eky’omu maaso
if you continue to have high fevers
singa olusujja olw’amaanyi lukulemerako
if you have a fever of a hundred and two or higher
singa olina omusujja ogw’ekikumi mu bbiri n’okugenda waggulu
if you think that your symptoms or problems warrant a better look
singa olowooza nti obubonero oba obuzibu bwo bwetaaga okwongera okwekenneenya
i got a fever yesterday
nafunye olusujja eggulo
i got a slight fever too
nafunyeemu n’olusujja
i had a fever yesterday
nabadde n’olusujja eggulo
i had a short sharp pain in my chest
nafunyeemu okulumizibwa okw’amangu mu kifuba
i have a sharp pain here in the chest
nnina obulumi obw’amaanyi wano mu kifuba kyange
i have hay fever though too
nfuukuka n’omubiri ng’alina ssennyiga
i have made on the body around the chest area?
nnina bye nkoze mu kifuba?
i have some difficulty breathing too
nninamu n’obuzibu mu kussa
i'll send you an image
nja kukuweereza ekifaananyi
i'm having some chest pain today
nninamu obulumi mu kifuba leero
i'm just having some headaches and some fever today
nninamu okulumizibwa omutwe n’olusujja leero
in my opinion it is flu
mu ndowooza yange oyo sennyiga
in my opinion this is a little flu
mu ndowooza yange ono sennyiga mutonotono
i see it going from the center of your chest going up to your neck
ndaba nga kiva wakati mu kifuba okwambuka mu bulago
is it like some heavy heavy person sitting on your chest?
kiringa omuntu omuzitozito akutudde mu kifuba?
it all started with the headaches and with the fever about the same time
kyatandikira ku kulumizibwa mutwe n’olusujja mu kiseera kyenkana kye kimu
it hurts in the chest
nnumizibwa mu kifuba
it hurts in the middle of my chest
nnumizibwa wakati mu kifuba
it is a pressure like chest pain
ekifuba kinnuma nga ekya puleesa
it is in my chest
kiri mu kifuba kyange
it is in the center of my chest
kiri mu kifuba kyange wakati
it is in the center of the chest
kiri mu kifuba wakati
it is occurring right in the middle of my chest
nkiwulirira wakati mu kifuba kyange
it is right in the center of my chest
kiri wakati ddala mu kifuba kyange
it sounds like you just may have the garden variety cold or a flu
kiwulikika ng’alinamu obubeezi sennyiga oba lubyamira
i've got pain in my chest
nnina obulumi mu kifuba kyange
i've very concerned of this chest pain
obulumi buno obw’omuvkifuba buneeraliikirizza
i want you to tell me in describing this chest pain
njagala onnyinyonnyole obulumi bw’ekifuba buno
i will send you an image
nja kukuweereza ekifaananyi
i will send you an image on your screen
nja kukuweereza ekifaananyi ku sikuliini yo
like high blood pressure or diabetes
nga puleesa ey’awaggulu oba sukaali
like right in the center of the chest
awo nga mu kifuba wakati
most of the time it is this type of chest pain
ebiseera ebisinga bwe buno obulumi bwe mpulira mu kifuba
my sister has similar symptoms
muganda wange alina obubonero bwe bumu
now for the fever you can take a tachipirina sweet
kaakati bw’oba n’olusujja osobola okumira ka swiiti ka tachipirina
now i send you an image
kaakati nkuweerezza ekifaananyi
now mary how many days have you had the symptoms
kaakati Mary omaze ennaku mmeka ng’olina obubonero buno
now you said you have a chest pain
kaakati ogambye olumizibwa mu kifuba
occasionally i have some chest pain
obw’olumu nnumizibwa mu kifuba
okay are you having any other symptoms along with this other than just the pain
kaakati olinayo obubonero obulala bw’ofunirako ng’oggyeeko obulumi
or if you have high blood pressure
oba ng’olina puleesa ey’awaggulu
or somebody sitting on your chest?
oba okuwulira ng’omuntu akutudde mu kifuba?
pretty much the same with the fever and the cough headache and muscle pains
kyenkana bye bimu n’olusujja n’okukolola omutwe n’okulumizibwa mu nnyingo
right in the middle of my chest
wakati ddala mu kifuba
show me on this image where you feel the pain
ndaga ku kifaananyi kino w’owulira obulumi
since you have a fever
nga bw’olina olusujja
so do you think that some of these symptoms could be related to being pregnant?
kaakati olowooza nti obubonero buno obumu buyinza okwekuusa ku kubeera olubuto?
so your chest pain started this morning
kaakati obulumi mu kifuba butandise nkya ya leero
so your children are having some of the same symptoms?
kaakati abaana bo nabo balinako obumu ku bubonero bwe bumu?
tell me about your chest pain
mbuulira ku bulumi bw’omu kifuba
the fever increases at night
olusujja lweyongera ekiro
the fever i've had for the last two days
olusujja mmaze nalwo ennaku bbiri
the fever started to increase last night
olusujja lweyongedde ekiro kya jjo
the fever started two days ago
olusujja lwatandika ennaku bbiri emabega
the muscle pains with the hay fever
obulumi mu nnyingo n’okufuukuuka kw’omubiri
this is doctor porter in the emergency room triage center
ono dokita porter okuva mu kisenge ky’ebyobujjanjabi obw’embagirawo mu kifo kya triage
well can you tell me a little bit more about your chest pain?
kaakati osobola okwongera okunnyinyonnyolako ku bulumi bw’owulira mu kifuba?
well from my point of view it is a little flu
kaakati nze mu kulowooza kwange sennyiga mutonotono
well i feel a pain in the front of my body here in my chest
kaakati mpulira obulumi mu maaso g’omubiri gwange wano mu kifuba
well i've been having a strong pain in my chest
kaakati mbadde mpulira obulumi obw’amaanyi mu kifuba kyange
well madam from listening to your symptoms it sounds like you've got one of the flu viruses
kaakati nnyabo okusinziira ku bubonero bw’oyogeddeko kirabika nga olina akamu ku buwuka obulwaza sennyiga
well when i have that pain in my chest
kaakati bwe mbeera n’obulumi obwo mu kifuba
what kinda pain do you have in your chest?
olina bulumi bwa ngeri ki mu kifuba?
when this chest pain started?
okulumizibwa kwatandika ddi?
where do you have the pain in the chest?
obulumi obuwulira wa mu kifuba?
where you feel this chest pain eel this chest t
obulumi osinga kubuwulira wa mu kifuba
you are probably having chest pain
oyinza okuba ng’olina ekifuba ekikuluma
you feel like tightness on your chest
owulira ng’ekifuba kyo ekyesibye
you know i got diabetes and stuff
omanyi nnina sukaali n’ebirala
you said you're having this chest pain
ogambye olina obulumi buno mu kifuba
Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020
Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuna obulwadde obuleetebwa akawuka ka corona (COVID-19) ogweyongera ennyo mu Mukago gwa Bulaaya (Eropean Union)/Bulaaya n’Abasuubulagana nayo (European Economic Area) ne Bungereza (United Kingdom), 1 Janwali okutuuka nga 15 Ogwokusatu 2020
The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries.
Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuna obulwadde obuleetebwa akawuka ka corona (COVID-19) gulaga enneeyisa efaanana wakati w’amawanga g’Omukago gwa Bulaaya /Bulaaya n’Abasuubulagana nayo ne Bungereza nga kino kikakasa nti, newankubadde ekizibu kya COVID-19 kiri ku mitendera gya njawulo mu mawanga ag’enjawulo, kyeyongerera ku misinde gya maanyi mu nsi zonna.
Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care.
Okusinziira ku kibadde mu Italy, amawanga, amalwaliro n’obusenge obujjanjaba abali obubi ennyo birina okwongera ku ngeri gye beeteeseteeseemu olw’okweyongera kw’omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 abaneetaaga obujjanjabi, naddala obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi.
On 31 December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology was reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Nga 31 Deesemba 2019, abalwadde ba lubyamira (pneumonia) atamanyiddwa kimuleeta baazuulwa mu Wuhan, mu Hubei Province, China.
On 9 January 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported the causative agent as being a novel coronavirus now referred to as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Nga 9 Janwali 2020, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention yategeeza nti obulwadde buno bwali buleetebwa akawuka ka coronavirus akatamanyiddwa nsibuko nga kati akamanyiddwa nga severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Since, the illness resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection has been named coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Okuva olwo, obulwadde obuva ku kawuka ka SARS-CoV-2 bwatuumibwa coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Evidence to date is that ca 80% of individuals with COVID-19 have a mild disease, i.e. a respiratory tract infection with or without pneumonia, and most of these recover.
Ebizuuliddwa biraga nti ebitundu nga 80% eby’abantu abalina COVID-19 babeera n’obulwadde obutonotono, kwe kugamba, okukosebwa mu mussizo (respiratory tract infection) nga mulimu oba obutabaamu lubyamira, era ng’obisinga ku bwo buwona.
In ca 14% cases, COVID-19 develops into a more severe disease requiring hospitalisation while the remaining 6% cases experience critical illness requiring intensive care.
Mu bitundu nga 14%, COVID-19 afuuka obulwadde obw’amaanyi obwetaagisa omuntu okuweebwa ekitanda so ng’abantu ebitundu 6% bafuna obulwadde obw’amaanyi ddala nga beetaaga okuweebwa obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi.
The mortality of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 is ca 4%.
Abalwadde abaweereddwa ebitanda olwa COVID-19 ne bafa bali ebitundu nga 4%.
In this study, we assess the trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in each European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) country and the United Kingdom (UK) and compare them to that of Hubei Province, China.
Mu kunoonyereza kuno, twekenneenya okweyongera mu balwadde ba COVID-19 mu buli ggwanga ly’omu European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) ne Bulaaya (UK) ne tukugeraageranya n’okwa Hubei Province, China.
We also compare the current number of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK with that in Italy during 31 January–15 March 2020.
Era tugeraageranya omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 mu kiseera kino mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK n’ogwa Italy mu kiseera 31 Janwali–15 Ogwokusatu 2020.
COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Abalwadde ba COVID-19 mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK
Subsequent to China, COVID-19 underwent further geographical spread and the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in the rest of the world currently follows that of this country.
Oluvannyuma lwa China, COVID-19 yasaasaana mu bitundu ebirala era enneeyisa ya nawookeera wa COVID-19 mu bitundu by’ensi ebirala egoberera ey’eggwanga lino.
On 11 March 2020, the Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
Nga 11 Ogwokusatu 2020, Ssenkulu wa World Health Organization (WHO) yalangirira COVID-19 ng’ekizibu eky’awamu mu nsi (pandemic).
In the 5 March issue of Eurosurveillance 2020, Spiteri et al. reported on the first European confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the WHO case definition.
Mu lufulumya lwa Eurosurveillance 2020 olwa nga 5 Ogwokusatu, Spiteri ne banne baayogera ku balwadde ba COVID-19 abaasooka mu Bulaaya okusinziira ku nnyinyonnyola ya WHO.
In the EU/EEA, the first three confirmed cases were reported by France on 24 January 2020 in persons returning from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Mu EU/EEA, abalwadde abaasooka baazuulwa mu France nga 24 Janwali 2020 ng’abantu bano baali bavudde mu Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
As at 15 March 2020, COVID-19 cases had been detected in all 30 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom (UK), whereby between 31 December 2019 and that date included, 39,768 cases and 1,727 deaths had been reported, with 17,750 cases and 1,441 deaths from Italy alone.
Nga 15 Ogwokusatu 2020, obulwadde bwa COVID-19 bwali bumaze okuzuulibwa mu mawanga gonna 30 aga EU/EEA ne UK, nga mu kino wakati wa 31 Deesemba 2019 n’olunaku olwo nga luzingiddwamu, abalwadde baali 39,768 n’abafudde 1,727, ng’abalwadde 17,750 n’abafu 1,441 bava mu Italy mwokka.
Obtaining cumulative number and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases
Okufuna omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 n’abantu abafuna COVID-19 nga bwe gugenda gweyongera
At the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the notified COVID-19 case counts in each country worldwide, obtained from only official sources such as the countries’ Ministry of Health, national and regional health authorities and the WHO, are updated each day at 8:00 a.m.
Ku European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), emiwendo gy’abalwadde ba COVID-19 mu buli ggwanga mu nsi yonna, okuva mu mikutu emitongole nga Minisitule y’Ebyobulamu mu mawanga, ebitebe bya WHO ebyobulamu mu mawanga n’amabendobendo, gizzibwa buggya buli lunaku ku ssaawa 2:00 ez’okumakya.
These data were used for assessing the trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA and the UK, and comparing them to that in Italy.
Obubaka buno bwakozesebwa okwekenneenya ebikwata ku COVID-19 mu EU/EEA ne UK, n’okubigeraageranya n’ebyo eby’omu Italy.
As a proxy of the prevalence of active COVID-19 cases, we calculated the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases, thus taking into account the natural course of COVID-19, in each EU/EEA country and the UK, during the 1 January–15 March 2020 period.
Ng’enkola y’okubala omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 abakyajjanjabwa, twabala omuwendo gw’abantu abafuna COVID-19 ogukutuddwakutuddwamu mu nnaku 14, mu buli ggwanga lya EU/EEA ne UK, mu kiseera kya 1 Janwali–15 Ogwokusatu 2020.
We also presented the cumulative number of notified cases of each country as at 15 March 2020 8:00 a.m. compared with that of Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Era twalaga omuwendo gw’abalwadde abazuulibwa mu buli ggwanga nga bwe gugenda gweyongera nga 15 Ogwokusatu 2020 ku ssaawa 2:00 ez’okumakya nga gugeraageranyiziddwa n’ogwa Italy mu kiseera 31 Janwali–15 Ogwokusatu.
Trends of COVID-19 in EU/EEA countries and the UK
Enneeyisa ya COVID-19 mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK
The trends in the 14-day truncated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases in EU/EEA countries and the UK generally followed that of Hubei Province (China) (Figure 1).
Entambula y’emiwendo gy’abantu abafuna COVID-19 egikutuddwakutuddwamu mu nnaku 14 mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK okutwaliza awamu gyagoberera egyo egya Hubei Province (China) (Ekifaananyi 1).
For the EU/EEA and the UK overall, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 started to increase around 21 February and then increased sharply around 28 February 2020 (Supplementary material).
Mu EU/EEA ne UK okutwaliza awamu, omuwendo gw’abantu abafuna COVID-19 gwatandika okweyongera awo nga 21 Ogwokubiri ate era ne gweyongera nnyo awo nga 28 Ogwokubiri 2020 (Enkookero).
This was mostly driven by the rapid increase in the number of reported cases from Italy, but all other EU/EEA countries and the UK showed similar increasing trends of the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 (Supplementary material).
Kino kyali bwekityo olw’okweyongera mu bwangu okw’omuwendo okuva mu Italy, naye ng’amawanga ga EU/EEA amalala gonna ne UK gaalimu okweyongera kw’abantu abafuna COVID-19 okufaanana (Enkookero).
Figure 2 shows the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases, in EU/EEA countries and the UK compared with that in Italy for the 31 January–15 March 2020 period.
Ekifaananyi 2 kiraga omuwendo gw’abantu abafuna COVID-19, mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK nga gugeraageranyiziddwa n’ogwa Italy mu kiseera 31 Janwali–15 Ogwokusatu 2020.
It highlights that, as at 15 March 8:00 a.m., 15 other EU/EEA countries and the UK had already reported a total number of cases comparable to that of Italy just 3 weeks prior or less.
Kiraga nti, nga 15 Ogwokusatu ku ssaawa 2:00 ez’okumakya, amawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK amalala 15 gaalimu omugatte gw’abalwadde ogwali gwenkana n’ogwa Italy mu wiiki 3 zokka emabega oba obutawera.
Our results indicate that the number of notified cases of COVID-19 is rapidly increasing in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Bye tuzudde biraga nti omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 gweyongerera ku misinde mingi mu EU/EEA ne UK.
The observed trends in the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 suggest that the pandemic is progressing at a comparable speed in all countries.
Embeera ezuuliddwa mu muwendo gw’abantu abafuna COVID-19 gutegeeza nti ekizibu kino kyeyongerera ku misinde gyegimu mu mawanga gonna.
This is despite countries being at different stages, variations in national public health responses, and possibly different case definitions in countries and different protocols for selecting patients that must be tested for confirmation of COVID-19, including catch-up testing.
Kino kisigala bwekityo amawanga ne bwe gabeera n’ebyobujjanjabi ebiri ku mitendera egy’enjawulo, n’ebisinziirwako eby’enjawulo okusalawo oba omuntu alina obulwadde awamu n’ebigobererwa eby’enjawulo mu kusalawo abantu ab’okukebera okukakasa nti balina COVID-19, nga mw’otwalidde n’okwongera ku muwendo gw’abantu abakeberwa.
Early March 2020, doctors in the affected regions of Italy described a situation in which ca 10% of patients with COVID-19 required intensive care and media sources reported that hospitals and intensive care units in these regions had already reached their maximum capacity.
Ng’Ogwokusatu 2020 gwakatandika, abasawo mu bitundu ebikoseddwa mu Italy bannyonnyola embeera nti ebitundu 10% eby’abalwadde ba COVID-19 baali beetaaga obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi era amawulire ne gategeeza nti amalwaliro n’ebisenge by’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi mu bitundu bino byali bijjudde.
Data on admission of COVID-19 cases in a hospital and/or an intensive care unit are currently available at EU/EEA level for only 6% and 1% cases, respectively (data not shown).
Ebikwata ku balwadde ba COVID-19 abali ku bitanda mu ddwaliro ne/oba mu kisenge eky’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi ebifunika ku mutendera gwa EU/EEA biri ebitundu 6% ne 1% byokka, (obubaka buno tebulagiddwa).
They should, however, be collected in a systematic fashion to complement current surveillance data that focus on the number of reported cases and the number of deaths.
Wabula, bino birina okukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu ntegeka ennungi nga bikkaanya n’obubaka obulagibwa obukwata ku muwendo gw’abalwadde n’abafudde.
A study performed in 2010–11 showed a large variation in the availability of intensive care and intermediate care beds in Europe, ranging from 29.2 in Germany to 4.2 beds per 100,000 population in Portugal.
Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010–11 kwalaga enjawulo ey’amaanyi mu bitanda by’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi n’ebyobujjanjabi obusaamusaamu mu Bulaaya, nga mu Germany biri ebitanda 29.2 so nga mu Portugal biri 4.2 ku buli bantu 100,000.
This means that countries may have more or less resources than Italy (12.5 intensive care and intermediate care beds per 100,000 population in 2010–11).
Kino kitegeeza nti waliwo amawanga agalina ebyobujjanjabi ebisinga oba ebitatuuka ku bya Italy (ebitanda 12.5 eby’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi n’obusaamusaamu ku buli bantu 100,000 mu 2010–11).
Modelling scenarios related to healthcare capacity saturation, with estimates for each EU/EEA country and the UK of the prevalence of hospitalised COVID-19 cases associated with a &gt; 90% risk of exceeding intensive care bed capacity, are provided in the sixth update of the ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
Ebiyinza okutuukawo nga byekuusa ku kujjula kw’ebikozesebwa mu byobulamu, nga bisinziira ku kugeraageranya abalwadde ba COVID-19 abali ku bitanda mu buli ggwanga lya EU/EEA ne UK awamu n’obuzibu bw’okuba ng’obwetaavu bw’ebitanda by’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi bususse ebitundu 90%, biragiddwa mu mawulire ag’omulundi ogwomukaaga aga ECDC rapid risk assessment on COVID-19.
Since cases have so far clustered in certain regions in EU/EEA countries and the UK, and hospitals and intensive care units usually serve a defined regional catchment population, information about cases and intensive care beds should preferably be made available at the Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2) level.
Olw’okuba ng’abalwadde bakyali mu bitundu ebimu mu mawanga ga EU/EEA ne UK, so ng’amalwaliro n’obusenge bw’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi gaweereza abantu b’omu bitundu ebimanyiddwa, ebikwata ku balwadde n’ebitanda eby’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi byandibadde bifunirwa mu ngeri ya Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics 2 (NUTS-2).
The experience from Italy and the current trends in other countries show that the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in the EU/EEA and the UK.
Ekibadde mu Italy n’ekigenda mu maaso mu mawanga amalala kiraga nti ekizibu kya COVID-19COVID-19 kyeyongerera ku misinde gya maanyi mu EU/EEA ne UK.
Countries, hospitals and intensive care units should thus prepare themselves for a scenario of sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and an increase in the number of patients with COVID-19 requiring healthcare, and in particular intensive care, such as the one occurring in the affected regions of Italy.
Noolwekyo, amalwaliro n’obusenge bw’obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi birina okweteekateekera embeera ey’okusaasaanyizibwa kwa SARS-CoV-2 mu bantu b’omu bitundu n’okweyongera kw’omuwendo gw’abalwadde ba COVID-19 abeetaaga obujjanjabi, n’okusingira ddala obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi, okugeza ng’eyo eri mu bitundu bya Italy ebikoseddwa.
As pointed out in the recent ECDC rapid risk assessment, a rapid, proactive and comprehensive approach is essential to delay the spread of SARS-COV-2, with a shift from a containment to a mitigation approach, as the anticipated rapid increase in the number of cases may not provide decision makers and hospitals enough time to comprehend, accept and adapt their response accordingly if not implemented ahead of time.
Nga bwe kyalagibwa mu kwekenneenya kwa ECDC okw’obuzibu okw’amangu, okweteekateeka obulungi okw’amangu kukulu nnyo mu kulemesa okusaasaana kwa SARS-COV-2, nga kw’otadde n’okuseetuka okuva ku kulemesa okusaasaana okudda ku kuwonya, olw’okuba ng’okweyongera okw’amangu mu muwendo gw’abalwadde okusuubirwa kuyinza obutasobozesa ba buyinza na malwaliro kufuna budde bumala okutegeera, okukkiriza n’okutuukiriza enkola zaabwenga bwe kyetaagisa singa ziba teziteereddwa mu nkola nga bukyali.
The rapid risk assessment also lists the public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Okwekenneenya obuzibu okw’amangu kulaga enkola z’ebyobulamu ez’okulwanyisa obuzibu bw’ekizibu kino.
There is a short window of opportunity during which countries have the possibility to further increase their control efforts to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the pressure on healthcare.
Waliwo omwagaanya mutono amawanga mwe galina obusobozi bw’okwongerera amaanyi gaago mu kukendeeza okusaasaana kwa SARS-CoV-2 n’okukendeeza omunyigirizo oguteereddwa ku byobujjanjabi.
Failing this, it is likely that the healthcare systems of other EU/EEA countries will face a surge of patients that require intensive care within the coming days or weeks.
Kino bwe kirema, kisuubirwa nti ebyobujjanjabi mu mawanga ga EU/EEA amalala gunyigirizibwa olw’omuwendo gw’abalwadde ogweyongera ennyo nga beetaaga obujjanjabi obw’amaanyi mu nnaku oba wiiki ezijja.
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has thus far killed over 3,000 people and infected over 80,000 in China and elsewhere in the world, resulting in catastrophe for humans.
Obulwadde bwa Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), obuleetera severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bwakwatta abantu abasoba mu 3,000 era ng’abantu abasoba mu 80,000 be baakabufuna mu China n’awalala mu nsi, nga kino kireeseewo akatyabaga mu bantu.
Similar to its homologous virus, SARS-CoV, which caused SARS in thousands of people in 2003, SARS-CoV-2 might also be transmitted from the bats and causes similar symptoms through a similar mechanism.
Nga bwe guli ku kawuka akakafaanana aka SARS-CoV, akaaleeta SARS mu nkumi z’abantu mu 2003, SARS-CoV-2 nako kayinza okutambuzibwa obuwundo era kaleeta obubonero obufaanana mu ngeri efaanana.
However, COVID-19 has lower severity and mortality than SARS but is much more transmissive and affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women.
Wabula, COVID-19 si wa maanyi kwenkana SARS era asse abantu batonotono naye atambuzibwa okusingako era akosa abantu abakuluko n’abasajja okusinga abavubuka n’abakazi.
In response to the rapidly increasing number of publications on the emerging disease, this article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the swiftly developing research subject.
Mu kwanukula ebifulumiziddwa ebingi ku bulwadde buno obubaluseewo, olupapula luno lugenderera okulaga okwekenneenya okunoonyereza okubaluseewo embagirawo mu bujjuvu.
We will cover the basics about the epidemiology, etiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of the disease.
Tujja kwogera ku bisookerwako ku bulwadde, ekibuleeta, obuwuka, enkebera, enzijanjaba, okuteebereza eby’omu maaso, n’enneewala yaabwo.
Although many questions still require answers, we hope that this review helps in the understanding and eradication of the threatening disease.
Newankubadde nga waliwo ebibuuzo bingi ebikyetaaga okwanukulwa, tulowooza nti okwekenneenya kuno kujja kuyamba mu kutegeera n’okumalawo obulwadde buno obweraliikirizza abantu.
The Spring Festival on January 25, 2020 has become an unprecedented and unforgettable memory to all Chinese who were urged to stay indoors for all the holiday and for many weeks after due to the outbreak of a novel viral disease.
Ebikujjuko bya Spring ebya Janwali 25, 2020 byafuuka omukolo ogutayinza kwerabirwa eri Abachina abaasabibwa okusigala mu mayumba gaabwe okumala oluwummula lwonna ne wiiki ezaddirira olw’okubalukawo kw’obulwadde obuleetebwa akawuka akaali tekamanyiddwa novel.
The virus is highly homologous to the coronavirus (CoV) that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003; thus, it was named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, and the associated disease was named CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
Akawuka kano kafaananira ddala aka coronavirus (CoV) akaaleeta severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) mu 2003; noolwekyo, World Health Organization (WHO) yakatuuma SARS-CoV-2 nga 11 Ogwokubiri 2020, era n’obulwadde bwe kaleeta ne butuumibwa CoV Disease-19 (COVID-19).
The epidemic started in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the entire country and to near 50 others all over the world.
Obulwadde buno bwatandikira mu Wuhan, China, era mangu ddala ne busaasaanira eggwanga lyonna n’amawanga amalala nga 50 okwetooloola ensi yonna.
As of March 2, 2020, the virus has resulted in over 80,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, with more than 40,000 patients discharged and over 3,000 patients who died.
Mu Gwokusatu nga 2, 2020, akawuka kaali kamaze okuviirako abantu abasoba mu 80,000 abakakasiddwa okuba ne COVID-19, ng’abasoba mu 40,000 bawonye ate ng’abasoba mu 3,000 bafudde.
WHO warns that COVID-19 is “public enemy number 1” and potentially more powerful than terrorism.
WHO erabula nti COVID-19 ye “mulabe w’omuntu nnamba 1” era ayinza okuba nga wa bulabe okusinga obutujju.
According to PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), in less than two months, over 200 papers have been published on COVID-19 including its virology, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment since the first report on January 7, 2020 that determined the sequence of the virus isolated from multiple patients.
Okusinziira ku PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), mu kiseera ekitaweza myezi ebiri, empapula ezisoba mu 200 zifulumiziddwa ku COVID-19 omuli ezikwata ku kawuka, obulwadde, ekibuleeta, enkebera n’enzijanjaba okuva ku alipoota esooka nga Janwali 7, 2020 eyazuula endagabutonde y’akawuka akaayawulwa okuva mu balwadde ab’enjawulo.
This review attempts to summarize the research progress in the new and swiftly developing subject area.
Okwekenneenya kuno kugenderera okufunza okunoonyereza okukoleddwa mu kisaawe kino ekipya ekikulaakulanira ku misinde emingi.
Whenever possible, we will try to compare COVID-19 with SARS and another CoV-caused disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, an outbreak in 2012).
We kinaasokeranga, tujja kugezaako okugeraageranya COVID-19 ne SARS n’obulwadde obulala obuleetebwa CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, eyabalukawo mu 2012).
We will also discuss what we have learned so far regarding the prevention and prognosis of the disease as well as some remaining yet urgent questions.
Era tujja kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ebyo bye twakayiga ebikwata ku kwewala obulwadde buno n’ebyo ebiteeberezebwa awamu n’ebibuuzo ebitannayanukulwa so nga bikulu.
CoVs have been traditionally considered nonlethal pathogens to humans, mainly causing approximately 15% of common colds 4.
CoVs bwatwalibwanga ng’obuwuka obutali bwa bulabe nnyo eri abantu, ng’okusinga buleeta ebitundu nga 15% ebya ssenyiga owa bulijjo 4.
However, in this century, we have encountered highly pathogenic human CoVs twice, i.e., SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which caused an outbreak originally in China in 2003 and Saudi Arabia in 2012, respectively, and soon spread to many other countries with horrible morbidity and mortality.
Wabula, mu kyasa kino, tufunye obuwuka bwa CoVs obw’omutawaana eri abantu emirundi ebiri, kwe kugamba, SARS-CoV ne MERS-CoV, obwavaako obulwadde okusooka mu China mu 2003 ne Saudi Arabia mu 2012, amangu ddala ne busaasaanira amawanga amalala ne bulwaza awamu n’okutta abantu abawerako.
Therefore, the current COVID-19 is the third CoV outbreak in the recorded history of humans.
Noolwekyo, COVID-19 aliwo mu kiseera kino ye CoV ow’omulundi ogwokusatu okubalukawo mu byafaayo by’omuntu ebimanyiddwa.
As shown in Fig. ​Fig.1,1, clusters of pneumonia that had unknown origins were first reported from Wuhan on December 31, 2019 to the China National Health Commission.
Nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Kifaananyi. ​Ekifaananyi.1,1, abalwadde ba lubyamira eyali tamanyiddwako nsibuko baasooka kutegeezebwa mu Wuhan nga Deesemba 31, 2019 eri China National Health Commission.
Seven days later the sequence of the CoV was released.
Oluvannyuma lw’ennaku musanvu endagabutonde ya CoV yafulumizibwa.
On January 15, 2020 the first fatal case from Wuhan was reported.
Nga Janwali 15, 2020 omulwadde eyasooka okuyisibwa obubi okuva mu Wuhan yayogerwako.
Meanwhile, the epidemic rapidly spread to the neighboring cities, provinces, and countries.
Mu kiseera kino, obulwadde buno bwasaasaana mangu nnyo mu bibuga ebyetoolodde, n’amawanga.
On January 20, the infection of health-care providers was reported, suggesting that human-to-human transmission was possible.
Nga Janwali 20, okulwala kw’abasawo kwayogerwako, ekyategeeza nti abantu baali basobola okufuna obulwadde buno nga babuggya ku bantu.
On January 23, the city of Wuhan was locked down with all its public transportation stopped.
Nga Janwali 23, ekibuga ky’e Wuhan kyaggalwawo n’entambula yaakyo ey’olukale yonna n’eyimirizibwa.
On January 24 the first clinical study on the disease reported that, out of 41 patients with confirmed cases, only 21 had direct contact with the Wuhan seafood market that was considered the starting site of the infection from an unknown animal source.
Nga Janwali 24 okunoonyereza kw’ekisawo okusooka ku bulwadde buno kwategeeza nti, ku balwadde 41 abaali bakakasiddwa, 21 bokka be baatuukako obutereevu mu katale k’e Wuhan ak’ebyennyanja nga ke kaalowoozebwa okuba ng’obulwadde gye bwatandikira nga buva ku kisolo ekitamanyiddwa.
On January 30, WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency.
Nga Janwali 30, WHO yalangirira ng’obulwadde buno bwe bwali ekizibu ky’ebyobulamu eky’amangu mu nsi yonna.
By the time of this report, the disease has already spread throughout China and near 50 other countries all over the world (Fig. ​(Fig.2).2).
Mu kiseera alipoota eno w’ekoleddwa, obulwadde bumaze okusaasaanira China ne mu mawanga agawera nga 50 okwetooloola ensi (Ekifaananyi ​(Ekifaananyi.2).2).
As the situation is rapidly evolving, the final scope and severity of the outbreak remain to be determined.
Embeera nga bw’egenda ekyuka, ekinaavaamu n’obunene bw’ekizibu tebunnaba kutegeerwa.
On February 11, 2020, a multi-center study on 8,866 patients including 4,021 confirmed COVID-19 patients presented a more updated illustration of the epidemic as follows (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
Mu Gwokubiri nga 11, 2020, okunoonyereza okwakolerwa mu bifo eby’enjawulo ku bantu 8,866 omwali n’abakakasiddwa okubeera ne COVID-19 4,021 kwawa ennyinyonnyola empya ey’akawuka bw’eti (https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/UlBi-HX_rHPXa1qHA2bhdA).
SARS-CoV-2 infected people of all ages, but mainly at the age of 30-65.
SARS-CoV-2 akwata abantu ab’emyaka gyonna, naye okusinga emyaka 30-65.
Almost half (47.7%) of the infected individuals were over 50 years old, very few were under 20, and only 14 infected individuals were under the age of 10.
Kyenkana amakkati (47.7%) g’abantu abaalina obulwadde baali basussa emyaka 50 egy’obukulu, batono nnyo abaali wansi wa 20, so ng’abalwadde 14 bokka be baali wansi w’emyaka 10.
SARS-CoV-2 infected more men (0.31/100,000) than women (0.27/100,000).
SARS-CoV-2 yali mu basajja bangiko (0.31/100,000) okusinga abakazi (0.27/100,000).
COVID-19 expanded in clusters mainly in and around Hubei.
COVID-19 yeeyongera mu bantu okusinga mu Hubei n’okwetoololawo.
COVID-19 took an average of 5 (2-9) days from onset to diagnosis.
COVID-19 yamala ennaku nga 5 (2-9) okuva lwe yatadika okutuuka lwe yazuulibwa.
The average incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days.
Ekiseera obubonero mwe bweyolekera kyali ennaku nga 4.8 (3.0-7.2).
The average time from onset to death was 9.5 (4.8-13) days.
Ekiseera okuva ku kumufuna okutuuka okufa kyali ennaku 9.5 (4.8-13).
The basic reproductive number (R0) was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), and the adjusted R0 was 2.23-4.82.
Abantu omulwadde omu b’asiiga (basic reproductive number, R0) baali 3.77 (95% CI: 3.51-4.05), so ng’omuwendo gwa R0 ogwakyusibwamu gwali 2.23-4.82.
The number of infected people increased exponentially before 23 Jan. 2020, matching the time of massive transportation before the Spring Festival in China.
Omuwendo gw’abalwadde gwatumbuka nga 23 Janwali 2020 terunnatuuka, olw’abantu abangi ennyo abaatambula ng’ebikujjuko bya Spring Festival mu China tebinnatuuka.
The mortality of patients with confirmed cases was 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), and the adjusted mortality of all the patients was 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Abalwadde abaafa baali ebitundu 1.44% (95% CI: 1.10-1.86%), so ng’omuwendo gw’abalwadde abaafa ogwakyusibwamu gwali ebitundu 3.06% (95% CI: 2.02-4.59%).
Three major risk factors for COVID-19 were sex (male), age (≥60), and severe pneumonia.
Obuzibu bwa COVID-19 obusatu obw’amaanyi bwali okwegatta (abasajja), emyaka (≥60), ne lubyamira ow’amaanyi.
CoVs are a subfamily of large and enveloped viruses containing a single strand of sense RNA.
Obuwuka bwa CoVs bugwa mu kika ky’obuwuka obunene era obwetooloddwa olububi nga bulina RNA ya luguwa lumu.
They can be divided into four genera, i.e., alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, of which alpha- and beta-CoVs are known to infect humans.
Busobola okugabanyizibwamu ebika (genera) bina, kwe kugamba, alpha, beta, gamma, ne delta, nga ku bino alpha- ne beta-CoVs bwe bumanyiddwa nti bulwaza abantu.
The envelope spike (S) glycoprotein binds to its cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, and then membrane fusion occurs.
Olububi lwa (S) glycoprotein lwekwata ku butaffaali bwako obwa angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) ne dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) ku buwuka SARS-CoV ne MERS-CoV, mu nsengeka eyo, olwo embubi z’amasavu zombi nne zeegatta.
The viral RNA genome is released into the cytoplasm; after replication of the viral genome, genomic RNA accompanied by envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsid proteins forms virion-containing vesicles, which then fuse with the plasma membrane to release the virus.
Endagabutonde ya RNA ey’akawuka esindikibwa mu kataffaali; oluvannyuma lw’okukubisaamu endagabutonde y’akawuka, endagabutonde ya RNA ng’eri n’olububi lwa glycoproteins ne nucleocapsid proteins ekola obutaffaali obulimu akawuka, nga kano ke keegatta n’akabubi k’omusaayi okufulumya akawuka.
The first genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was reported on January 10, 2020.
Endagabutonde ya SARS-CoV-2 eyasooka yafulumizibwa nga Jamwali 10, 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 was found to be a new type of beta-CoV with more than 99.98% genetic identity among 10 sequenced samples collected from the original site of the outbreak, the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 kaazuulwa nga kaali ka kika kipya ekya beta-CoV nga bufaanana mu ndagabutonde ebitonde ebitundu 99.98% mu sampolo 10 ezaakeberwa nga zino zaggyibwa mu kifo ekyasookera ddala okubaamu akawuka kano, ekya Huanan Seafood Market mu Wuhan.
SARS-CoV-2 is genetically more similar to SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 kafaanana nnyo SARS-CoV mu ndagabutonde okusinga MERS-CoV.
Through transmission electron microscopy, SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelium.
Mu kukozesa ebyuma ebitangaaza, obutundutundu bwa SARS-CoV-2 bwazuulwa mu bitundu by’ekkubo ly’omukka ogussibwa.
Human ACE2 was found to be a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV.
Enzyme zi ACE2 zaasangibwa nga zisika SARS-CoV-2 awamu ne SARS-CoV.
However, the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to human ACE2 more weakly than that of SARS-CoV, which is coincident with the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe infection in patients than SARS-CoV.
Wabula, puloteni ya S eya SARS-CoV-2 yeekwata ku enzyme za ACE2 naye nga teyeenweza nga bwe guba ku SARS-CoV, nga kino kikwatagana n’eky’okuba nti SARS-CoV-2 atuusa obulabe butonoko mu bantu bw’ogeraageranya ne SARS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 can also form a novel short protein encoded by orf3b and a secreted protein encoded by orf8.
SARS-CoV-2 era asobola okukola puloteni ennyimpi etalabwangako eyinza okutuumibwa orf3b ne puloteni efulumizibwa eyinza okutuumibwa orf8.
The orf3b of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the viral pathogenicity and inhibit the expression of IFNβ; however, orf8 does not contain any known functional domain or motif.
orf3b eya SARS-CoV-2 eyinza okuba nga y’evunaanyizibwa ku kulwaza abantu era n’eremesa IFNβ okweyoleka; wabula, orf8 teriimu kirungo kikola.
On February 18, 2020, Zhou, et al., reported the cryo-EM structure of the full-length human ACE2 at 2.9 Å resolution in complex with the amino acid transporter B0AT1.
Mu Gwokubiri nga 18, 2020, Zhou, ne banne, baalaga obuzimbe bwa cryo-EM obujjuvu obwa enzyme ya ACE2 ku bwawule (resoulution) obwa 2.9 Å mu kabubi ka amino acid aka B0AT1.
They found that the complex, which had open and closed conformations, was assembled as a dimer and the ACE2-B0AT1 complex can bind two S proteins, which provides evidence for CoV recognition and infection.
Baakizuula ng’omugatte guno, ogwalimu atomu ez’emirundi ebiri, gwali gusengekeddwa nga molecule eya atomu engatte era ng’omugatte gwa ACE2-B0AT1 gusobola okugatta puloteni za S, nga kino kiraga obukakafu bw’okulaba CoV n’oyo gw’akutte.
B0AT1 may become a therapeutic target for drug screening to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection.
B0AT1 eyinza okuba nga yeeruubirirwa okujjanjabwa olw’okukebera eddagala ery’okunafuya SARS-CoV-2.
The origin and intermediate host
Ensibuko n’ebikatambuza
It has been known that both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV originated from bats and were transmitted to humans via civet cats and camels, respectively.
Kimanyiddwa nti SARS-CoV ne MERS-CoV bwombi bwasibuka mu buwundo era ne butuuka ku bantu nga buyitira mu mafumbe n’eŋŋamiya, mu busengeke obwo.
Through a phylogenetic comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with other CoVs, bats were considered the native host of SARS-CoV-2 as the new virus is 96% identical to two SARS-like CoVs from bats called bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX21.
Mu kugeraageranya SARS-CoV-2 n’obuwuka bwa CoVs obulala, obuwundo butwalibwa okuba nga bwe bunnansangwa mu kutambuza SARS-CoV-2 olw’okuba ng’akawuka kano kafaananya ebitundu 96% n’obuwuka bwa CoVs obulala bubiri obufaanana SARS nga nabwo bubeera mu buwundo nga buyitibwa bat-SL-CoVZX45 ne bat-SL-CoVZX21.
However, what intermediate host helped the virus cross the species barrier to infect humans remains unknown, and the transmission route is yet to be elucidated.
Wabula, ekisolo kyennyini ekyayamba okubuuka omuziziko okutuuka mu bantu tekinnamanyika, era n’ekkubo lye kayitamu terinnakakasibwa.
Ji, et al., proposed snakes as a carrier of the virus from bats to humans which involved homologous recombination within the S protein.
Ji, ne banne balowooza nti emisota gyaggya akawuka mu buwundo okukatuusa mu bantu nga kino kyalimu okuwaanyisiganya endagabutonde za S protein.
According to a study, researchers in Guangzhou, China, suggested that pangolins - long-snouted, ant-eating mammals often used in traditional Chinese medicine - are the potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2 based on 99% genetic homology in a CoV discovered in pangolins and SARS-CoV-2.
Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza, abanoonyereza mu Guangzhou, China, baalaga nti olugave (pangolin) - ekisolo eky’omumwa omusongovu, ekirya ebiwuka nga kitera okukozesebwa mu bujjanjabi bw’Ekichina obw’ekinnansi - lusobola okuba nga lwe lutambuza SARS-CoV-2 okumutuusa mu bantu okusinziira ku bufaanane bw’endagabutonde obw’ebitundu 99% mu CoV obwazuulwa mu lugave ne mu SARS-CoV-2.
However, 1% difference spread all over two genomes is still a big difference; thus, conclusive results for concrete evidence are awaited (Fig. ​(Fig.33).
Wabula, enjawulo ey’ekitundu 1% wakati w’endagabutonde ebbiri eba ekyali nnene; noolwekyo, obukakafu bwenkomeredde tebunnafunibwa (Fig. ​(Ekifaananyi 33).
The physicochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 are largely not yet known.
Ebikwata ku bukole bwa SARS-CoV-2 ebisinga tebinnamanyibwa.
SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can survive in vitro for 48 hours in a dry environment and up to 5 days under 20 °C and 40%-50% humidity.
Obuwuka bwa SARS-CoV ne MERS-CoV busobola okumala mu ggiraasi essaawa 48 nga nkalu n’ennaku eziwera 5 mu lutuuyo lw’ebbugumo 20 °C ne 40%-50%.
SARS-CoV-2 may possess similar properties.
SARS-CoV-2 ayinza okuba n’embeera zeezimu.