atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 bi rêya kûxîn û bêhniştinê, û gengaze bi têkiliya rasterê bi madeyên tûşîbûyî re tê veguhestin.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
Ev vîrûse herwisa di destava stûr de jî hatiye dîtin, ku gengaziyek nû ji veguhastina ji destava stûr bo devî re çê dike.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Lêkolînek nû ya 138 tûşîbûyan rapor kiriye ku ji sedî 41% tûşîbûyî ji ber tûşîbûnên nexweşxaneyê, di nav de 17 nexweş bi nexweşiyên din ên berê û 40 pêşkêşkarên tenduristiyê çêbûye.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Ji ber vê yekê, divê di parastina mirovan de, bi taybetî jî pêşkêşkarên lênêrîna tenduristî, xebatkarên civakî, endamên malbatê, hevkar û heta peyayên di têkiliyên bi nexweş yan kesên tûşîbûyî re, baldar bine.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Xeta yekem a ewlehiyê ku meriv dikare ji bo kêmkirina metirsiya tûşîbûnê bikar bîne ev e ku maskek ji rûyê xwe bide. Bikaranîna maskên niştergeriyê û maskên bêhnkişana N95 (Seriyên Hejmara 1860an) alîkariya kontrol belavkirina vîrûsan dike.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Masksên rû yên niştergeriyê pêşî ji derbasbûna peşkên ji mirovek tûşîbûyî bi rêya hewayê yan ji qefilîna li ser rûyê materyalê digire, cihê ku dikarin ji yên din re veguhezin.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Helbet, tenê maksên N95 (seriyên # 1860an) dikarin li hember bêhêzkirina vîrûsan bi qasî 10 heta 80 nanometro biparêzin, tenê 5% ji vîrûs dikarin tam têkevin. SARS-CoV-2 wekî SARS- CoV ye, û her du jî nêzîkî 85 nanometre ya ne.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Ji ber ku peşk dikarin heta ji pênc maskên bijîjkî yên ku li rex hev hatine bicîh kirin jî derbas bin, pêdivî ye ku xebatkarên lênihêrîna tenduristî ku bi nexweşan re têkiliyek rasterast hene maskê N95 (Seriyên # 1860an) ne maskên niştergeriyê hebin.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Digel maskan, dabînkerên xizmetên tenduristiyê divê cilên cûdasaz yên pêgirtî ji xwe bikin da ku têkiliyên bi vîrûsan re kêm bikin.
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Vîrûs herwisa dikare bi rêya çavê kesên tûşîbûyî belav bibe.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
Di 22-ê Çileya, 2020-an de, bijîjkek tûşî SARS-CoV-2 bû, tevî ku mask N95 hebû; Gengaze vîrûs bi rêya çavên werimî ketiye laşê wî.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Ji ber vê yekê, pêşkêşkarên tenduristiyê dema ku bi nexweşan re dixebitin divê parastina rû û berçavkên zelal bikar bînin.
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
Ji bo gişt xelkên ku li deverên tûşîbûyî an bi potansiyel ziyanbar, gelek tê pêşniyar kirin ku herkes destên xwe bi sabonên paqijkirinê bişotin û bi giştî zêdetir bikin, hewl bidin ku xwe di hundurê malê de karantîne bikin, û têkiliyê bi kesên tûşîbûyî re sînorkirin bikin.
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
Sê pêngav ji bo dûrmayina ji kesên nexweşê kêrhatî ne.
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
Ev çalakî rêçên bi bandor ji bo kêmkirina rîska tûşîbûnê û herwisa pêşî li belavbûna vîrûsê jî digirin.
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
Tevî ku SARS-CoV-2 wek vîrûsek nû ji bo cîhana mirovan derket, lê wekheviya wê bi SARS- CoV ku di 7-ê Çileya 2020-an de hate rapor kirin, divê Çînê li ser bingeha bîranîna kûr ya belavbûna SARS ê di sala 2003-an de, hisîariyek zêde radest kiriba.
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
Helbet, di 19-ê Çileya paşîna 2020-an, rêveberê Navenda Kontrolkirina Nexweşiyê Wuhan hevwelatî bi vê gotina xwe ku vîrûs veguhestine kêm heye û ji veguhestina kesekî bo kesek din re sînordare, û pêşîgirtin û kontrolkirina nexweşiyê bêy pirsgirêke, rihet kirin.
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
Ev peyamê bi berçavî girîngiya alarmê ji mirovan re aram kir, bi taybet dema ku tevahiya welat mijûlî amadekariyê ji bo Festîvala Biharê bû, û dema krîtîk a kontrolkirina nexweşiyê li asta kêmaniya vê di Wuhan de ji dest çû.
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
Gengaze ajansên kontrola nexweşiyê li Çînê ev dersa dijwar derbas bikin û di pêşerojê de pêşkeftinên girîng çê bikin.
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
Wekî nimûne, pêwîste ku ev ajans (1) di dema weşandina danezanên giştî de bêtir agadar bin ji ber ku her peyv ji welatiyan re tê hesibandin û ew dikarin helwest û biryarên xwe biguherînin. (2) li şûna ku li benda raporên fermî ji bijîjkan an rayedaran bin, ji agahdariyên nenormal yên ji klînîkê re hestiyar û bertekdar bin. (3) li şûna ku hewl bidin ku mirovan aram bikin, hewl bidin ku belavbûna gengaziya nexweşiyê di astên destpêkê de kontrol bikin. (4) hewl bidin ku ji bo perwerdekirina biarmanc û bibandor weşana belav bikin da ku hişmendiya giştî di derbarê giştgirî û test û başkirina sîstema berteka lezgîn ya civakê de bilind bikin.
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
Belavbûna COVID-19 ji ber vîrûsa nû ya SARS-CoV-2 di dawiya Kanûna 2019-an de dest pê kir.
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
Kêmtir ji du mehan, di maweya ev nivîsandinê de, li seranserî Çînê û nêzî 50 welatên din belav bûye.
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
Ji ber ku ev vîrûse gelek dişibe SARS- CoV û nîşanên wê jî di nav COVID-19 û SARS de wekhev in, belavbûna COVID-19 hesta derketina dubareya SARS ê afirandiye.
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
Helbet, cûdahiyên girîng di navbera COVID-19 û SARS de heye ku ji bo kontrol kirina vê giştgiriya û dermankirina nexweşan pêwîst e.
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 di kal û pîran de ji xort û zilamên ciwan zêdetir e, û hêjmara mirinê jî di kal û pîran de ji ciwanan zêdetir e.
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
Rêjeya kujeriya SARS-ê li hemberî COVID-19 ê zêdtire (10.91% li hember 1.44%).
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
Nexweşên bi COVID-19 vîrûsê heta di nebûna nîşanan de jî vediguhezin, lê di nexweşên SARS-ê bi giştî gava ku ew gelek nexweş in ev tê vediguheztin û ev dibe sedem ku belavbûna COVID-19 ji SARS dijwartir be.
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
Ev heta beşekê sedemê rave dike ku çima SARS-CoV-2 gelek zûtir û berfirehtir ji SARS- CoV belav dibe.
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
Pîvana RNA rêkûpêk ji bo SARS-CoV-2 dikare di hin nexweşên COVID-19 de neyînî be.
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
Ji aliyê din, nexweşên dermanbûyî dîsa jî gengaze ji bo vîrûsê erênî bibin.
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
Ev lêgerînan bi giranî xetera belavbûna vîrûsê zêde dike.
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
Ser esasa pêşkeftinek wisa bilez di lêkolînên derbarê COVID-19 de, hinek pirsgirêkên girîng ji bo çareserkirinê dimînin, wekî:
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
SARS-CoV-2 ji ku derket?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
Helbet, ji sedî 96% homologên genetîkî di nav SARS-CoV-2 û du pelçemkên mîna SARS- CoS hate dîtin, lê hîn jî nekarîn bigehin vê encamê ku SARS-CoV-2 ji pelçemkê ye.
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
Çi heywanek bûye navbeynkara veguhestina vîrûsê ji mêvandarê orîjînal, tê gotin peleçemk, li mirovan re?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
Bêyî zanîna bertekan ji bo jimareyên #1 û 2, em nekarin bi rengek bi bandor veguhestinê rawestînin, û belavbûna wê gengaze di her demekê de dubare bibe.
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
Tevî ku modelsaziya molokolî û pîvandinên biyokîmyayî destnîşan kirine ku SARS-CoV-2 ji ACE2 re tê girêdayin, lê vîrûs bi çi awayî têdikeve nava hucreyên hewayî û dibe sedema guherînên patholojîkî yên dûv re?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
Gelo vîrûsên hucreyên derbirandî ye ACE2 di organên din ve jî girêdayî ne?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Bêyî bersiva eşkere ya van pirsan, em nekarin pêhesîna deqîqî û dermankirinek bi lez û bez çêbikin.
How long will the epidemic last?
Dê heta kengî bidome?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
Vîrûs di dema veguhestina nava leşê mirov de çawa ji hêla genetîkî tekmîl dibe?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
Nexweşî li seranserê cîhanê bûye nexweşiyek giştgir gelo tê, wek SARS, têkbiçe yan mîna grîpê dubare bibe?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
Pêwîste, lê gengaze hinekî demê bigire da ku bikarin bersiva pirsên jorîn û gelekên din lêgerîn bikin.
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
Lêbelê, bi her xercekê jî bibe, me çareyek din tune ku em bi lez û bez ev êşa giştgir rawestînin û jiyana xwe vegerînin rewşa asayî.
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
Çavkanîya vayrûsîy koronavayrûsa merivî
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
Guherîn çi guncandn kamilkirina bihev re ya koronavyarûs (CoVs) û mazûvanên ev herikandî ye, wekî meriv, ji bo hezaran salî.
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
Berî sala 2003, dû kesên CoVs (HCoVs) hatine zanîn ku sedema nexweşîya navendî, wekî sermalêdana asayî bin.
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
Belavbûna SSendroma Nefesê ya Gelekî Giran (SARS) û Sendroma Nefesê ya Rojhilata Navîn (MERS) ev derdice ku vegirtina HCoV çawa xerab û metirsîdar ji serj jyan dibe.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
Derketina SARS-CoV-2 di dawîya sala 2019 di navenda Çînê carek din CoVs berceste kir û em ecebmayî kir bi veguhestina mezina xwe lê kêm nexweşîzayîya we di berawird digel xwişka xwe SARS-CoV.
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
Vegirtina HCoV nexweşîyele zona ye û têgihîtina çavkanîya HCoV di zûna bi me re alîkar dibe.
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
Piranîya HCoVs ku di HCoVs hatîye di cihek ku wan ne-nexweşîsaz in.
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
Herosa xizngeha navendîya hinek ji HCoVs nayêne naskirin.
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
Nasandina mazuwanê heywanî tesîra rasterast di rêgîrîya nexweşîyên merivî heye.
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
Lêkvedana danûstandin CoV-mazûwan di heywanan heye ku nêrîna giring êi ser nexweşîsazî ya CoV di meriv hebe.
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
Em di wî lêkolîn de, nêrîna giştî li ser zanyaryîya heyî derbarî heftemîn HCoVs pêşkêş dikîn, herosa bal dikişîne ser bihûrîya keşifa wa û zona û veguhestina wan ji.
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
Bi rewşeke giring, em cudahîya HCoVs di nêrîna derketin vayrûs û yekkirinveya jênom berawrid û dijber dikîn.
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
Nexweşîya heyî ya CoV a 2019 (KOVÎD-19) ku jêrgire di wî babeta hate behskirin.
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
Digel vê yekê, pêdiviyên ji bo mazuvanke serketî û nîşankerên pêşveçûna vîrusê li ser girêka nexweşiyê jî têne rohnkirin.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
Koronavîrûs (CoVs) vedigere bi Koronavarîda malbat, ku berawirda koma pakêckirî, hestkirîya-pozetîv, vayrûsa RNAa standarda-tak.
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
Wan vayrûsên ji ber ebûna jênoma mezin 26 heta 32 kîlobeys di nav vayrûsên RNA, ji ber morfolocîyên tacî-şikilên xwe di bin mîkroskopa elektronî bi “CoVs” haine nasandin.
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
Di rûya sazî, CoVs jênomên nebeşî hene ku rêkxistina yeksan parve dike.
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
Teqrîben dû ji sê ya jênom ku dû qaliba hevgirtîya xwandina mezin hene (ORF1a û ORF1b), ku wekî protîînên wekhevçêkirin di pp1a û pp1ab hatine wergerandin.
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
Herosa polîproteyîn jî ji bo çêkirna 16 proteyîna ne-sazî yê, dîyarkirê ya nsp1~16 zêdetir çê dike.
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
Beşa mayî ya jênom pê tê ji ORFs ji bo proteyînên sazî, pêk tê ji bazdan (S), paket (E), perde (M) û nûklîyoproteyîn.
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
Hejma protîna aksesuarîya zayenda tayebt bi zayendên cudayên Covs hatîye kodkirin.
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
Li ser esasa cudahîya rêzika protîn, Covs bi çar cur hatine destebendîkrin (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV û delta-CoV), di nav wan de beta-CoV hrî zêdeya çar xet hene (A, B, C û D).
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
Belgeyên Faylocenetîk nîşan dide ku şevşevok û kojerêna weke çavakanîya herî mezina alpha-CoVs û beta-CoVs kar diin, di demek ku balindeyên xizngeha serkeya gamma-CoVs û delta-CoVs in.
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
Hezaran sal e, CoVs bi berdewamî di lemperên candaran hatin û hin ji wan weke nexweşîsazeke merivî ya giring derketine.
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
Heta îro, heft CoVs merivî (HCoVs) haina nasandin.
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
Di navbera wan jî HCoV-229E û HCoV-NL63 ji alpha-CoVs in.
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Pênc haletên dinê beta-CoVs pêk tê ji HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1,Sendroma Nefesê ya Gelekî Giran koroanvayrûs (SARS-CoV), Sendroma Nefesê Rojhilata Navîna koroanvayrûs (MERS-CoV) û SARS-CoV-2.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 bi rewşeke asayî dibin sedema nîşaneyan navendî weke, sermalêdana asayî û/an verişîn.
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Di hember wî de, SARS-CoV, û MERS-CoV û SARS-CoV-2 nû nasanî pir nexweşîsaz in, dibin sedema vegirtîya nefesîya ciddîya xwarin di ûiranîya nexweşên pêwendîdar bi egera bilindtira vegirtina sendiroma aloziya nefesî (ARDS) û derketina derveya sî.
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
Yêkem erka HCoV-229E, B814 di derketina kepoyî ya nexweşên bi sermalêdana asayî di navenda 1960 hate cudahkirin.
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
Piştî wî demî de, zanîna zêdetir di lêkolîna zêdetir li ser HCoV-229E û HCoV-OC43 hate komkirin, ku herdûya wan ji dibin sedema nîşaneyan xwe-sinordarkirin.
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
Di rastî de, wî çemk bi awayeke mezin hate pejirandin ku vegirtina HCoVs bi rewşeke giştî pir metirsî ye heta belavbûna SARS.
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
Belavbûna SARS ku di sala 2003 rû da yek ji kuşindetirîn di dîroka heyî ye, vegirtina heta 8,000 bi haleta mirinên teqrîben 10%.
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
Tenê sal piştî we jî, sedema derketina Sindroma Nefesî ya Rojhilata Navîn (MERS) di encama serhildanek domdar de li Nîvgirava Ereban bi belavbûna bihêz li seranserê dinyayê bû.
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
HCoVa nûya 2019 (2019-nCoV) ku piştî we ji nava we hate guhartin bi SARS-CoV-2, faktera sedemîya jêrgirîya heyîa nexweşîya 2019 (KOVÎD-19) e, ku di 3 a Adara 2020 de, hate teyîdkirin ku 3,120 kes zîndî man û zêdetir ji 91,000 kes vegirtî ne.
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Agahdarî hate dayîn û cîhan dibe amade be ji bo hatina SARS-CoV-2 a gişgîr.
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
Her heft HCoVs çavkanîya vayrûsî ji şeşevok, mişk an heywanên malî hene.
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
Hin belgeyên ji di çavkanîyên kamilkirîya hemî HCoVs ji şevşevokên piştevanî dikin, di cihek ku vayrûsan bi başê hatine guncandin û ne-nexweşîza nee, lê cudahî ya cenetîka mezin nîşan didin.
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
Jêgirbûna KOVÎD-19 pirsgirên mezinên bijişkî, zanistî, civakî û exlaî ji bo Çîn û cihan ji saz kir.
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
Pêketina çavkanîyên vayrûsîya HCoVs çarçûveyek ji bo têgihîştina dîroka sirûştî, hêza herrok û fakterên sinordarkirin bazdana canewerên pêşkêş dike.
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
Herosa ev heye ku lêgerîn ji bi xizngeh, navbeyn û zêdekirina mazûwan(ên) SARS-CoV-2, digel tesîrên giring di bergîrîya rijîna dahatî rêberî an hêsan bike.
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
Em di wî nêrînê de li çavakanîya vayrûsî, veguhestina nav candarî û nexweşîsazîya HCoVs dinêrîn.
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
Bi taybet, em şêwaza giştî ya berceste dikîn û li ser wan ji gotûbêj dikî ku vayrûsên eslîya HCoV bi awayeke asayî di mazûwana xizngeha xwe ne-nexweşîzayî ne, lê piştî veguhestin navbeyîn ji bo mazûwana nû nexweşîza dibe.
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
Em herosa rewşa kamilkirina HCoV dinêrîn ku di wan de zêdebûna guhestinbarî bi kêmbûna nexweşîsaz tê.
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
Herosa encamên belavbûna nuhayêya SARS-CoV-2 di wî babeta tête behskirin.
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
Di awîya 1930 an ji CoVs heywanî tête nasandin.
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
Berî cudahkirina yekema HCoV-229E birrîna B814 di rijîna kepoyî ya nexweş ke sermaxwar bibû, CoVên cudah di heywanên cudaya vegirtî hate cudahkirin tevî elok, mişk, çêr, beraz, pisik û kûçik.
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
Di dehsalên bihûrî de, heft HCoVs hate nasandin.
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
Puxteyeke kurt derbarî dîroka keşifa HCoV di rêza demî (Xişteya 1) zanyarîgihîner û rêberî ye.
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
Yekem zordana HCoV-229E di alava proteyîna nefesî di vegirtina alava nefesî jorî di 1966 hate cudahkirin, û piştî we jî ji bo mezinkirin di xetên şaneyên şî ya WI-38 hate guncandin.
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
Nexweşên girtî bi HCoV-229E bi nîşanê sermalêdayê asayî pêşkêş dibe, wekî serêş, bênijîn, êşa masûlke, qurî-êşe, û ta û kox ku di 10~20% haletên têne nîşandan.
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
Di dawî de di 1967, HCoV-OC43 di kultûra endam û zincîre dawî di mêjîya mişik hate cudahkirin.
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
Xuya dibe ku taybetmendîyên vegirtî ya HCoV-OC43 wekî wan be ku dibe sedem bi HCoV-229E, ku di rûya nîşaneyî di vegirtî digel patojênên alava nefesî wekî enflûwezaya A û rînhovayrûs tête cudahkirin.
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
Herdûya HCoV-229E û HCoV-OC43 di cihan de belav bûne, wan dikarin di werza zivistan di keşa navendî piranî bihêne veguhestin.
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
Bi giştî, dema veşartina wan dû vayrûsan kêmtir ji yek hefte ye, piştî ev ji teqrîben 2-hefte nexweşîyê.
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
Li gor lêkolîna dilbixwaza merivî, kesên sax ku HCoV-229E girtî ye sermalêdana asayî hebûye.
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
Tenê çend ki nexweşên lihevkirina ewlebûnê tûşbpna nefesîya cîddîya xwarî nîşan dan.
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
SARS, ku bi ”sila asayî” hate nasanin, yekemîn HCoV-causeda giştgirtîya bas belgekirî di dîroka meriv bû û faktera mîzî SARS-COV e, sêyem HCoV a keşifkirî.
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
Haleta yekema SARS dikare vegere ji bo dawîya sala 2002 di parêzgeha Guwangdona Çînê.
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
Jêrgira SARS bû sedema 8,096 haletên raporkirî bi 774 mirin, bi belavbûn di gelek welat û kişwerên.
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
Cudah ji belavkera mezin, ev tête pêşbînîkirin ku her halet zêde dibe bi teqriben dû helatên dûyî, digel dema veşartina 4 ji bo 7 rojan û derketina mezin di roja 10emeîna nexweşî dibe.
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
Neweşên bi SARS-CoV di despêk de êşa masûlke, serêş, ta, û lerz û lavazî hene, piştî wan ji bi nîşanên dereng, kox û aloziya nefesî têne derketin.
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
Lîmfopênî, taqikirina cerga jidestdayî, û nesaxlameîyên bilindbûya kînasa kratîn haletên neasayî ya taqygehî ya SARS in.
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
Hebûna zirara alvêolar, kopîkirina şaneyên êpîtelyal û zêdebûna makrofaj di nexweşên SARS ji hate nîşandan.
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
Di dawî de teqrîben 20-30% a nexweşên pêdîvîya lênêrîna ciddî û hewadana mekanîkî ne.
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Ji bilî berra nefesî ya jêrîn, çend encamên ji wekî berrîya ûrkî-rîvîkî,, ciger û gurçik ji dikar di haletên ciddî de hew bikin, asayî dikem heroka sîtokîn, ku heye ku kuşinde be bi taybet di nexweşên neqisa-ewlehî.
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
Ev vayrûs di esil de di bayopsîya singa vekirî ya nexweşa îndeksa pêwendîdar bi nexweşek ku jii Hong Kong bi Guwangjû sefer kirîbû hate cudakirin.
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
Piştî we jî, hewilên mezin bi lêkolîna HCoV hate terxankirin.
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
HCoV-NL63 di Holenda di zarokeke 7 meh di dawîya sala 2004 hate cudahkirin.
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
Di despêk te hate zanîn ku ev di nav zarokên gen, kesên bi temen, nexweşên lihevkirina ewlebûnê bi nexweşîyên nefesî de bela bûyê be.
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
Derketina korîza, kulbûn, ta û bronşît di nexweşîyên bi sedema HCoV-NL63 asayî ye.
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
Lêkolîneke serxweyên din cudahkirina heman vayrûs di mînaka kepoyîya kûreke 8-mehî ku di Holendê sil hebû wesif dike.
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
Herosa ev di Holendê hate nasandin, bi rastî di cîhan de belav bû.
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
Tête texmînkirin ku HCoV-NL63 ji bo 4.7% a nexweşînên nefesîya asayî hisab dibe, û dema piranîya rûdana we jî di despêka havîn, buhar û zivistanê dibe.
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63 têkilîdar bi hewkirna xerabûyî, weke qorqebe tête nasîn.
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
Di heman sal de, HCoV-HKU1 ji mêreke 71-salî ku sil û bronşît hebû û di Hong Gong hatibû çarekirin cuda bibû.
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
JI bilî tengenefes û bronşîtan naskirîya-civak, HCoV-HKU1 hate raporkirin ku bi zêdebûna ciddîya asm ji heye.
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
Wekî HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E û HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 di cîhan peyda dibe, dibe sedema nexweşiya nefesîya navendî.
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
Hemî wan çar civaka nasîyayî ya HCoVs bo rewşeke baş hate guncandin bi meriv re û îhtimala terhrîka wan bûna sedema nexweşîyên patocênîka mêzin, kêm e, wusa rûdayên bi sedemên nedîyar nehate encamdan ji ber wan haletên kû herî dijawara cûtra bina HCoV-NL63, ku di wî dawîyê de ji bo sedema hewkirina nefesîya kêma ciddi di Çîn de hate rapor kirin.
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
Bi gişte, di demek ku HCoVs hetwana veguhestina bi tesîr verdegirin û bi berdewam xwe di meriv dihîlînin, wan ji kêm vayrûsa an patojenîc dibin.
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
MERS-CoV ji bo cara yekem di sala 2012 di sîya nexweşeke 60 salî hate cudahkirin ku sila ciddî û têkçûna gurçikan di Erebistana Seûdî hebû.
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
Herosa ku haleta teyîdkirî ya taqigehî di Rojhilata Navîn de ye, haletên wergirtî ji di têkilîya nêzîk digel wellatên Ewrûpî û Tûnis hatîye raporkirin
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
Belavbûneke dûyema din di Koryaya Başûr di 2015 bi 186 haleta teyîdkirî rû da.
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
Derketinên kilînîkî ya MERS wekî wan di SARS e, bi taybet ku wan sila cidî ya pêşketî heye.
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
Cuda ji SARS, hin nexweşên MERS hersoa têkçûna gurçika tund hene, ku ji bo MERS di navbera nexweşîyên HCoV-sedem pir taybet e.
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Zêdetir ji 30% nexweşên bi nîşaneyan ûrkî-rîvîkî heye, weke rişandin û verrişîn.
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
Di 14 a Sibata 2020, zêdetir ji 2500 haletên teyêdkiriîya taqigehî bi haleta mirina bilind 34.4%, MERS-CoV kir e yek ji mezintirîn vayrûsên kuşinde ku meriv dinasê.
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Di navend heta dawîya Befranbara 2019, desteyên nexweşê nefesî ku berî nuha hatibûne nasandin dibe ku têkilî bi vegirtîya SARS-CoV-2 hebin ku di Wûhan, Parêzgeha Hûbey a Çînê hatibûne keşif kirin.
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
Rêkxistina Saxlemîya Cîhanî ragihand ku belavbûna nuhayî ya vegirtîya nefesîya kêm ji ber nîgeranîya cihanî ya Bilez a SARS-CoV-2 zanî û nava wî na KOVÎD-19.
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
Di 3 a Adarê 2020, 90,053 haletên di cîhanê hate teyîdkirin, ku bi haleta mirina 3.4%.
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
Bi taybetî kuşindebûna halet di Hûbey, Çîn 4.2% e, lê wî halet di derve 1.2% e.
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 dibe sedeme tûşbûna nefesî wek SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV, ku di wî de ta, koxîn û bêhntengî derdikeve.
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
Herosa navçûn ji bo hinek nexweş ji heye.
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Sil yek ji nîşanên herî ciddî yy û dikare bi awayeke bilez ji bo sendroma aloziya nefesî pêşve biçe.
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
Herosa SARS-CoV û SARS-CoV-2 bi deme yêksanîya rêzika nuklîyotîdî 82% ji wekhev in, wan bi çend beşên cudah di direxta fîlojênêtîk tête destebendîkirin.
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
BI awayeke eşkere SARS-CoV-2 kêm nexweşîza ye, lê zêdetir veguhestinbar e di berawird digel SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV.
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
Kesên vegirtîya bêyî nîşane bi SARS-CoV-2 hatine rapordan û heye ku alîkar bin di berbilavbûna bileza wan di cîhanê de.
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
Berawird û dijberakirin SARS-CoV-2 digel şeş HCoVsên din wekhvî û cudahîyên mezin derxist.
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
Di despêk de, dema veşartîbûnê û nexweşîya HCoV pi yêksan in.
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
Di wî babetê de, SARS-CoV-2 şawaza giştî ya şeş HCoVs ên din bicih dike.
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
Dûhem, ciddîbûna nîşaneyên COVID-19 di navbera SARS-CoV û çar civak-bidesanîya HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63) dimîne.
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
Di alîyek ji, tûşbûna SARS-CoV-2 taybetmendîyên nîşan dide ku pri asayî di tûşbûn bi HCoVs a naskiî ya civakî tête derketin, wek derketina netaybetmend, navendî an hersa bê nîşane jî.
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
Di alîyeke din de, heye ku jêrkoyeke piçûk di haletên cidde ya KOVÎD-19 bihête êdtin weke nav haleta vegirtîya SARS-CoV, herosa qas kêmtir be.
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
Sêyem, veguhestina SARS-CoV-2 ji taybetmendîya xweşika herdûya civak-bidestanîya HCoVs û SARS-CoV nîşan dide.
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
Ji alîyekê, veguhestinbarî ya SARS-CoV-2 herî êm mezin e ji wan ku HCoV di civak hate teyîdkirin.
On the other hand, it remains to be verified whether the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 decreases after passages in humans as in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Ji alîyeke din jî, ev ji tête pejirandin ku veguhestîna SARS-CoV-2 piştî guhestin ji bo bo meriv di haleta SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV kêm dibe.
Finally, same as the other HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in fecal samples.
Di dawî de, SARS-CoV-2 ji weke HCoVs dikar di mînakên pîsî ji dikare bihête peydakirin.
Whether fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role as in the case of SARS-CoV at least under some circumstance remains to be clarified by future studies.
Ev ku gelo derketina-devkîya SARS-CoV-2 roleke mzin wekî wan ku di nav SaRS-CoV in dibîne herî kêm di bin mercên dimînin ku dibe bi vekolîna zêdetir bihête eşkerekirin.
It is also of particularly great interest to see whether SARS-CoV-2 might exhibit seasonality as in the cases of community-acquired HCoVs.
Herosa pir xweşik e ku bibînî gelo SARS-CoV-2 weke hin haletên teyîdkirîya civakî ya HCoV werzi be an na.
Nevertheless, the features of SARS-CoV-2 including its transmissibility, pathogenicity and sustainable spreading after passages in humans will be influential on the ultimate fate of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.
Dîsa jî, taybetmendîyên SARS-CoV-2 pêk tê ji veguhestin, patocenetîka û belavbûna berdewam piştî di meriv di çarenivîsa dawîya belavbûna nuhayî ya KOVÎD-19 bitesîr dibe.
All four community-acquired HCoVs causing mild symptoms have been well adapted to humans.
Her Çar HCoV teyîdkirîya civakî dibe sedema nîşaneyan navendê ku bi awayeke baş bi meriv re guncandî ye.
From another perspective, it might also be true that humans have been well adapted to these four HCoVs.
Di nêrîneke din ji, heye ku ev rast be ku meriv bi rewşeke baş digel wan çar HCoVs hatibe guncandin.
In other words, both could be the survivors of ancient HCoV pandemics.
Bi gotineke din, dikare ku wan zînîmayîyên giştgirtîya HCoV a kevn bin.
HCoVs that cause severe diseases in humans and humans who developed severe HCoV diseases have been eliminated.
HCoVs ku dibin sedema nexweşîyên ciddi di merivên û kesên HCoV a ciddî girti ye jêbirînî ye.
For this to happen, HCoVs have to replicate in humans to sufficient extent to allow the accumulation of adaptive mutations that counteract host restriction factors.
Ji bo rûdana ev, HCoVs dibe di merivên bihêne kopîkirin ji ber we kû kombûna guherandinên guncaw bi fakterên sinordarkirî ya mazûvan bihête asayîkirin.
In this sense, the longer the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak persists and the more people that it infects, the greater chance that it will fully adapt to humans.
Di wî hestê de, SARS-CoV-2 her qas dirêjtir be belavbûn dimîne û xelkeke zêdetir ku tûş dibin, egera mezin heye ku ev bi meriv re bihête guncandin.
If it adapts well, its transmission in humans would be difficult to stop by quarantine or other infection control measures.
Heke ku bi başî bihête guncandin, veguhestina wan bi merivan bi varzêkirin û ragirtin an pîvanên dinên kontrolkirin bi dijwarî bihête westandin.
For many years, the four community-acquired CoVs circulate in human populations, triggering common cold in immunocompetent subjects.
Ji bo çend salan, çar civaka naskirî ya CoVs di heşîmeta mirev belav dike, ku dibe sermalêdana asayî di nav buyerên bişîyana ewlehî de.
These viruses do not need an animal reservoir.
Wan veyrûsên nekarin xizngeha heywanî hebin.
In contrast, highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have not adapted to humans well and their transmission within humans cannot be sustained.
Di hembe we jî, SARS-CoV a pir patocênîk û MERS-CoV bi awayeke baş bi mirev guncaw nîne û veguhestina wan ji bi meriv nahtêe hilandin.
They need to maintain and propagate in their zoonotic reservoirs and seek the chance to spillover to susceptible human targets, possibly via one or more intermediate and amplifying hosts.
Wan pêdîvî bi ragirtin û belavkirin di xizngeha vayrûsîya xwe heye û di derfetên ji bo ketin bi armancên merivîya hestyarbar, mûmkîn bi rîya yêk an ji çend navebyn û mazûvan bihêz hene.
SARS-CoV-2 has features that are similar to both SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs.
SARS-CoV-2 taybetmendîyên hene ku wekhevîya SARS-CoV/MERS-CoV û çar HCoVs a bidesthatîya-civakê ye.
It is highly transmissible like community-acquired HCoVs, at least for the time being.
Ev piranî wekî HCoVs ku civak-teyîdkir, herî kêm ji bo wî demê veguhestinbar e.
However, it is more pathogenic than community-acquired HCoVs and less pathogenic than SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV.
Herosa, ev di HCoVên civak-teyîdkirî zêdetir nexweşîza û ji SARS-CoV an MERS-CoV kêmtir nexweşîza ye.
It remains to be seen whether it will adapt fully to humans and circulate within humans without a reservoir or intermediate animal host.
Ev dimîne ku bihête dîtin ku ev bi tevahî ji bo mervî gunac be û di nav meriv de bi bê xizngeh an mazûvanê navbeynê heywanan dixule.
Before discussing the animal origins of HCoVs, it will serve us well to discuss the definitions and characteristics of evolutionary, natural, reservoir, intermediate and amplifying hosts of HCoVs.
Berî behskirin li ser çavkanîya ajelîya HCoV, ev bi me re alîkar dibe ku derbarî naskirin û taybetmendîyên werarî, siruştî, xizngeh, neavndî û xwedîya bihêza HCoVs biaxivîn.
An animal serves as the evolutionary host of an HCoV if it harbours a closely related ancestor sharing high homology at the level of nucleotide sequence.
Heywaneke wekî mazûvanê peydabûnî ya HCoV kar dike, heke ku têkilîya mezin ku yeksanêyeke bilind di asta rêzika noklêotêd hebin.
The ancestral virus is usually well adapted and non-pathogenic in this host.
Vayrûsa kevn bi awayeke asayî bi rewşeke baş hatîye guncandin û de mala xwe de ne patojênîk e.
Likewise, a reservoir host harbours HCoV continuously and for long term.
Bi wî awayê, mazuvana xizngeh HCoV bi berdewam ç ji bo demeke dirêj dihîlîne.
In both cases, the hosts are naturally infected and are the natural hosts of HCoV or its parental virus.
Di herdû haletên, mazuwanên bi awaya sirûştî vegirtin û mazuwana sirûştîya HCoV an vayrûsa eslî ne.
In contrast, if the HCoV is newly introduced to an intermediate host right before or around its introduction to humans, it is not well adapted to the new host and is often pathogenic.
Di hember we de, heke ku HCoV taze bi mazûvanê navbeynê raste berî an di derdora nasandina wan bi meriv bihête nasandin, ev ji bo mazûvanê nû bi başî nehate guncandin û pir caran nexweşîsaz e.
This intermediate host can serve as the zoonotic source of human infection and play the role of an amplifying host by allowing the virus to replicate transiently and then transmitting it to humans to amplify the scale of human infection.
Mazuvana navbeyn dikare weke çavaknîaya vayrûsîya vegirtî ya meriv bixebîte û roleke bihêzkira mazûvan dbi rêdan bi vayrûs bi kopîkirin û piştî wan ji veguhestin ji bo meriv ji bo bihêzkirina qasa vegirtî ya meriv bibîne.
An HCoV can undergo a dead-end infection if it cannot sustain its transmission within the intermediate host.
HCoV dikare hevkirina dawîya mirin bicih bike heke ku ev nekar veguhestina xwe digel mazûvanê navbeynê bihîlîne.
On the contrary, HCoVs can also adapt to the intermediate host and even establish long-term endemicity.
Di miqabil de, HCoVs dikar bi mazûvanê navbeynê bigunce û heta ki bi demeke dirêj bimîne.
In this case, the intermediate host becomes a natural reservoir host.
Di wî haletê e, mazûvanê navbeynê dibete mazûvanê sirûştîya hilgir ji.
Epidemiological data revealed retrospectively that the index case of SARS had a contact history with game animals.
Zanyarîyên epîdêmolojî bi nêrîn ji bihûrî de rohn dike ku haleta îndêksa SARS dîroka berketin digel lîstina heywanan ji heye.
Subsequent seroprevalence investigations indicated that animal traders had a higher prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV IgG compared with that of the general population.
Vekolîna belavbûna dawîya wan ji nîşan da ku veguhestinerên heywanan belavkirîya mezintir ji heşîmeta gişjta di SARS-CoV IgG hebûn.
Masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and a racoon dog in live animal markets were first identified to carry SARS-CoV-like viruses that are almost identical to SARS-CoV.
Di despêk de zebed (Paguma larvata) û sêyek di firoşgeha bazara ajeên zîndê wekî vegirtîya vayrûsa wekî-SARS-CoV hate naskirin ku ji bo SARS-CoV wekhev bûn.
This was indirectly supported by the fact that no further SARS was reported after killing all civets in the markets.
Ev ji bi awayeke nerastexo tête piştevanîkirin ku piştî kuştina hemî zebadên di markêtan haleteke SARS nehate raporkirin.