atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
However, it has been reported that masked palm civets from the wild or farms without exposure to the live animal markets were largely negative for SARS-CoV, suggesting that masked palm civets might only serve as the intermediate amplifying host but not the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Herosa hate raporkirin ku zebadên dest pêçandî di heyata wehiş an mezrayên bi bê berketin markêtên heywanên zîndî di SARS-CoV de piranî nêgetîv bûn, ev nîşan dide ku zebada pêçandî tenê weke mazûvanê bihêzkirina navbeyna dixebîne lê ne xizngeha sirûştîya SARS-CoV e.
Notably, since 80% of the different animals in the markets in Guangzhou have anti-SARS-CoV antibodies, the possibilities that multiple species of small mammals might also serve as intermediate amplifying hosts of SARS-CoV cannot be excluded.
Ji ber we ku 80% a heywanên cudah di bazarên Guwanjû antîbadîyên anti-SARS-CoV hene, egera ev ku çendîin cûrên memikdarên piçûk weke mazûvana bihêza navbeyna SARS-CoV bixebîtin, nahête derkirin.
All of these appear to be dead-end hosts of SARS-CoV.
Hemî wan ji di be ku mezûvanên SARS-CoVa dawî-mirî bin.
Subsequent search for the natural animal host of SARS-CoV unveiled a closely related bat CoV, termed SARS-related Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU3 (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3), which exists in Chinese horseshoe bats.
Vekolîna dawî li ser mazûmvanên sirûştîya heywananên SARS-CoV têkilîya nêzika CoVa şevşevok derxist, ku bi têkilîdar bi-SARS Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU3 (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3) tê navbirin, ku di şevşevoka pê-hespîyên Çînî de heye.
These bats are positive for anti-SARS-CoV antibodies and genome sequence of SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3.
Ev şevşevokên ji bo antêbadîyên anti-SARS-CoV û rêzika jênoma SARSr-Rh-BatCoV HKU3 pozetîv e.
This and other bat CoVs share 88-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV.
Ev û CoV ên dinên şevşevokî 88-92% nucleotide rêzika yêksanî bi SARS-CoV parve dike.
These studies have laid the foundation for the new concept that bats host emerging human pathogens.
Ev lêkolîn bû sedema çemkeke nû kû şevşevokên wekî mazuwanên patojênên merîvî derdikevin.
Several SARS-like CoVs (SL-CoVs) have also been identified from bats, but none except for one designated WIV1 can be isolated as live virus.
Çendîn COVs ên wekî-SARS (SL-CoVs) hate destnîşankirin di şeveşevokên de, lê hîç ji wan ji bo WIV1 a dîyarkiri nekar bihête cudahkiri wek vayrûsa zîndî.
Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor of SARS-CoV.
Enzîma guherîner anjyotensîna merivîya 2 (ACE2) bi wergira SARS-CoV hate nasandin.
WIV1 derived from fecal sample of bats was demonstrated to use bat, civet and human ACE2 as receptor for cell entry.
WIV1 di mînaka pîsî ya şevşevok bidest hat ji bo bikaranîna şevşevok, zebad û ACE2 meriv weke wergira şaneya anîn.
Intriguingly, sera of convalescent SARS patients were capable of neutralizing WIV1.
Bi rewşeke eceb, sêruma nexweşên SARS dikarî WIV1 nêtar bike.
Thus far, WIV1 represents the most closely related ancestor of SARS-CoV in bats, sharing 95% nucleotide sequence homology.
Ji ber, WIV1 pêwendîdartirin a herî nêzîk çavkanîya SARS-CoV şevşevok e, kû 95% a wekhevîya rîza nuklêotêd parve dike.
Albeit the high homology between these two viruses, it is generally believed that WIV1 is not the immediate parental virus of SARS-CoV and bats are not the immediate reservoir host of SARS-CoV.
Heke ku yêksanîya mezin di navbera herdû vayrûsên hene, bi awayeke giştî tê wî bawerî ku WIV1 vayrûseke eslîya navencî ya SARS-CoV nîne û şevşevokên mazuwana xizngeha navbeyna SARS-CoV nîne.
Phylogenetic analysis clusters MERS-CoV to the same group as bat CoV-HKU4 and bat CoV-HKU5.
Lêhûrbûna fîlojenetîk MERS-CoV bi komeke yeksan wek şevşevoka CoV-HKU4 û şevşevoka CoV-HKU5 destebendî dike.
Bat CoV-HKU4 and MERS-CoV utilize the same host receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), for virus entry.
Bat CoV-HKU4 û MERS-CoV heman wergira mazûvan bikar dînin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), ji bo anîna vayrûs.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences of MERS-CoV are phylogenetically closer to counterparts in bat beta-CoVs identified from Europe and Africa.
Rêzika polîmerîya RNA aya RNA-DEPENDENTa MERS-CoV di alîye fîlocenetîk de nêzîk tir ji wekehvên beta-CoVs a şevşevok in ku di Ewrûpa û Afriqa hatine naskirin.
Up to now, no live MERS-CoV can be found in wild bats.
Heta nuha, hîç haletek zîndî di şevşevokên wehşî bi sedema MERS-CoV nebûye.
MERS-CoV and its closest relative bat CoV-HKU25 share only 87% nucleotide sequence homology.
MERS-CoV nêzîktirîn şevşevoka pêwendîdar CoV-HKU25 tenê 87% yêksanîya rêzika nûklîotîd parve dike.
Thus, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
Ji ber we, şevşevokên heye ku nekarin mazuwana xizngehên navnçîya MERS-CoV bin.
On the other hand, studies in Middle East have shown that dromedary camels are seropositive for MERS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies, same as camels of Middle East origin in multiple African countries.
Herosa, lêkolîn di Rojhilata Navîn nîşan da ku hiştirn yekkopareyî ji bo antîbadîyên natûralkirina MERS-CoV-specific pozetîv in, wekî ev ku hiştirên Rojhilata Navîn çavkanîya çend welatên Efrîqî ne.
Live MERS-CoV identical to the virus found in humans was isolated from the nasal swabs of dromedary camels, further indicating that camels serve as the bona fide reservoir host of MERS-CoV.
MERS-CoV a yeksana zîndî ji bo vayrûs di merivan hate zanîn ku di malka kepoya hiştir cudah kir, zêdetir nîşan dide ku hiştiran weke mezuwana xizngeha guncawa MERS-CoV dixebîtin.
It is also noteworthy that generally mild symptoms but massive virus shedding were observed in camels experimentally infected with MERS-CoV.
Hosa ev ji jihê berçavgirtine ku bi giştî nîşanên kêm lê rîjîna mezina vayrûsa di hiştirên ku MERS-CoV vegirtine hatîye dîtin.
Notably, infected camels shed viruses not only through respiratory route but also through fecal-oral route, which is also the main route for virus shedding from bats.
Bi taybet vayrûsa hiştira vegirtî ne tenê bi rêya nefesî be, lê hersoa bi rêya pîşî-devkî ye, ku rîya serekî ji bo rijîn di şevşevokên e.
However, questions still remain since many confirmed cases of MERS have no contact history with camels prior to symptom onset, plausibly ascribed to human-to-human transmission or unknown transmission routes involving unrecognized animal species that harbour MERS-CoV.
Herosa, wî pirs dimîne çimkû piranîya haleta teyîdkirî ya MERS têkilîyek bi hiştir bibe nîşanan nebû ye, ku îhtimalen wek veguhestina meriv-bi-meriv an rêyên veguhestina nezanî ku di wan de canewerên nenaskirî ya ku MeRS-CoV vediguheste bihête diyarkirin.
SARS-CoV-2 shares 96.2% nucleotide homology with a bat CoV RaTG13 isolated from Rhinolophus affinis bats.
SARS-CoV-2 96.2% ji yeksanînya nûklîyotîdî bi şevşeoka CoV RaTG13 di şevşeoka cudakirîya Rhinolophus heye.
As in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is too great to assign parental relationship.
Wekî nav haletên SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV, cudahîya rêzik di navbera SARS-CoV-2 p RaTG13 ji bo dîyarkirina têkilî ya xêzanî bi mezin in.
That is to say, bats might not be the immediate reservoir host(s) of SARS-CoV-2 unless almost identical bat CoVs are found in future.
Tê wê watayê ku, heye ku şevşevokên nabe mexzena bileza SARS-CoV-2 nebin, lê terqîben di dema bê de CoVsên şeevşevok tête dîyarkirin.
Presumably, the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2 should be among the wildlife species sold and killed at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, with which many of the initial cases of COVID-19 were associated, indicative of a probable animal-to-human transmission event.
Îhtîmalên, mazuwanî navbeynîya heywanan di SARS-CoV-2 dibe di nav curên heyata wehişa firotî û kuştî di Markêta Hemîya Xwarina Deryayîya Huwanan be, ku gelek haletên serekîya KOVÎD-19 bi we peywendîdar bûn, pêşkera eger bûyer veguhestina heywan bi meriv be.
Several recent studies based on metagenomic sequencing have suggested that a group of endangered small mammals known as pangolins (Manis javanica) could also harbour ancestral beta-CoVs related to SARS-CoV-2.
Çendîn lêkolîn li ser esas rêzika mêtajênomîk pêşnîyazkiri ye ku komeke memikdarên piçûk kû tête zanîn weke mûrîxwarên (Manis javanica) dikare beta-CoVên kevna pêwendîdar bi SARS-CoV-2 derav bike.
These novel pangolin CoV genomes share 85-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV-2.
Wan jênomên CoVa nûya mûrîxwarî 85-92% nucleotide rêzika yêksanî bi SARS-CoV-2 parve dike.
However, they are equally closely related to RaTG13 with about 90% identity at the level of nucleotide sequence.
Herosa wan bi heman endaze nêzîk RaTG13 a 90% di heman asta rêzika noklyotîd in.
They cluster into two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses in the phylogenetic tree, one of which share a more similar receptor binding domain (RBD) with SARS-CoV-2, with 97.4% amino acid sequence identity.
Wan dibe dû vayrûsên jêr-zayenda SARS-CoV-2 di direxta fêlocenetîk, yek ji wan ku domeyan girêdayîya wegirtîya wekhev (RBD) bi SARS-CoV-2 destbendî dike, bi nasîna rêzika 97.4% tirşe amîno.
In stark contrast, the RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 are more divergent, albeit a higher degree of sequence homology genome-wide.
Di hember we de, RBD a SARS-CoV-2 û RaTG13 bi cudah in, heke ku pileya bilindtir a rêzika yêksan di jênom heye.
An earlier study on diseased pangolins also reported the detection of viral contigs from lung samples, which turn out to be similarly related to SARS-CoV-2.
Lêkolîna bihûr di mûrîxwarên nexweş ji nîşan da ku çeqê vayrûse di mînakên sî de ye, ku bi newbe ji pêwendî bi SARS-CoV-2 ji heye.
This study adopted different assembly methods and manual curation to generate a partial genome sequence comprising about 86.3% of the full-length viral genome.
Ev lêkolîn şewazên komkirina cudah û dermana destî ji bo çêkirina beşek ji rêzik di berawid digel 86.3% endazeya tevahîya jênoma vayrûs girtî ye.
We cannot exclude the possibility that pangolin is one of the intermediate animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2.
Em nekarîn ev ji derbikîn ku mûrîxwar yek ji heywanên mazûvanên navbeynî SARS-CoV-2 ye.
However, currently there is no evidence in support of a direct pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 due to the sequence divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
Herosa, nuha hîç belgeyê di piştevanîya çavkanîya rasterast mûrîxwara SARS-CoV-2 bi sedema cudahîya rêzika navbera SARS-CoV-2 û beta-CoVs a peywendîdar bi mûrîxwara sarS-CoV-2 nîne.
In addition, the distance between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 is even shorter than that between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs.
Tevî ve jî, dûrîya navbera SARS-CoV-2 û RaTG13 heyaa kêmtor ji wan e ku di navbera SARS-CoV-2 û beta-CoV a mûrîxware SARS-CoV-2-related e.
The evolutionary pathway of SARS-CoV-2 in bats, pangolins and other mammals remains to be established.
Rêya kamilkirina SARS-CoV-2 di şevşevokan, mûrîxwarên û memikdarên din dibe bihête danan.
Whereas the highest sequence homology has been found in the RBDs between SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin, SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 share the highest genome-wide sequence homology.
Di demek ku holojyaa rêzika bilindtirîn di RBDs di navbera SARS-CoV-2 û mûrîxwar peyda bibûn, SARS-CoV-2-relateda beta-CoVs, SARS-CoV-2 û RaTG13 yêksanîya rêzika jênom-belava bilindtir parve dike.
It is highly speculative that the high degree of similarity between the RBDs of pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs and SARS-CoV-2 is driven by selectivity-mediated convergent evolution.
Ev jî piranî tête gumankirin ku pileya bilinda yêksanîya navbera RBD a SARS-CoV-2-related a mûrîxwara beta-CoVs û SARS-CoV-2 bi kamilkirina wekhev bi navenca hilbijartin tête radestkirin.
A counter-proposal is in favour of a recombination between a pangolin SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoV and RaTG13 in the third wild animal species.
Pêşnîyaza dijber bi qancaza dûcar yekkirinve di navbera beta-CoVa mûrîxwara têkildara-SARS-CoV-2 û RaTG13 di cûrên sêyem heywanên wehşî ye.
As a driving force in evolution, recombination is widespread among beta-CoVs.
Weke hêzeke herro di kamilkirin, yekkirinve di nav beta-CoVs berbilav e.
The jury is still out on the immediate zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2.
ev jûrî di derveya çavkanîya vayrûsî ya SARS-CoV-2 e.
Besides the highly pathogenic HCoVs, the zoonotic origin of HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 have also been studied.
Tevî pir nexweşîsazbûna HCoVs, çavkanîya vayrûsî ya HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 û HCoV-HKU1 jî hatîye lêkvedan.
Phylogenetic evidence indicated that both HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E might have originated from bat CoVs, while the parental viruses of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 have been found in rodents.
Belgên Fîlocenetîk nîşan da ku herdûya HCoV-NL63 û HCoV-229E heye ku ji CoVs a şevşevok bin, di demek kpû esla vayrûsa HCoV-OC43 û HCoV-HKU1 di kojerên peyda bûne.
It has been reported that a bat CoV termed ARCoV.2 (Appalachian Ridge CoV) detected in North American tricolored bat displayed close relationship with HCoV-NL63.
Hatîya raporkirin ku CoV a şevşevok ku bi ARCoV.2 (Apalçî Rîc CoV) tête naskirin bi şevşevoka rengî di Emrîkaya Bakûrî, têkilîyeke nêzîk digel HCoV-NL63 heye.
On the other hand, HCoV-229E was genetically related to another bat CoV, termed Hipposideros/GhanaKwam/19/2008, which was detected in Ghana, while camelids have also been suspected as its intermediate host.
Ji alîyê din, HCoV-229E di rûya jênêtîkî bi şevşevokeke din pêwendîdar bû, ku bi Hipposideros/GhanaKwam/19/2008 têta nasandin, ku di Xena hate peydakirin, di demek ku hiştir ji weke mazûvanê navbeynê hatibe gumanbar bûn.
For clarity, the current knowledge on animal origins of known HCoVs is summarized in Figure ​1 and Table 2.
Ji bo rohnkirin, zanista heyî li er çavkanîya heywanî ku bi HCoVs tête zanîn di şikila 1 û Tabela 2 puxte dibe.
Phylogenetic analysis has provided evidence for interspecies transmission events of HCoVs in the history.
Lêhûrbûna fîlojenetîk belgeyên pêşkêş kir ji bo bûyerên veguhestina nav candarî ya HCoVs di dîrok de.
When HCoV-OC43 crossed species to infect humans from domestic livestock around 1890, a pandemic of respiratory infection was recorded.
Di demek ku HCoV-OC43 di candarên ji bo vegirtina meriv ji ajêlen ehlî derdoa 1890 çû, giştgirbûna hevkirina nefesî ji hate tomarkirin.
The interspecies transmission history of HCoV-229E is less clear.
Dîroka veguhestina navenda cûrên HCoV-229E kêm zelal e.
Bat alpha-CoVs closely related to HCoV-229E have been found.
Alpha-CoVs şevşevoka pêwendîdar bi HCoV-229E peyda bûye.
Between them there is an alpaca alpha-CoV.
Di navberê wan de lamayeke alpha-CoV e.
Several lines of evidence support the transmission of virus from bats to humans directly.
Çend xetên belge ji diveguhestina vayrûs bi awayeke rasterast ji şevşevok ji meriv re piştevanî dikin.
First, humans but not alpacas might have contact with bats in a shared ecological niche.
Yekem, meriv, lê ne lame heye ku di cihên jîngehîye parvekirî têkilî bi şevşevok hene.
Instead, humans have close contact with alpacas.
Ji bilî we ji, meriv têkilîyeke nêzîk digel lamî heye.
Second, HCoV-229E-related bat alpha-CoVs are diverse and non-pathogenic in bats, whereas alpaca alpha-CoV caused an outbreak of respiratory disease in infected animals.
Dûhem ev ku, Alpha-CoV a şevşevoka HCoV-229E-related di şevşevokên cudah û ne-nexweşîsaze , lê alpha-CoV bû sedema belavbûna nexweşiya nefesiyê di heywanên vegirtî de.
Finally, alpaca alpha-CoV has not been found in feral animals.
Di encam de, alpaca alpha-CoV di heywanên wehşî de peyda nebû.
Thus, the possibility cannot be excluded that alpacas obtain the HCoV-229E-related alpha-CoV from humans.
Ji ber we, egera nekare ku lama HCoV-229E-pêwendîdar a alpha-CoV di meriv bidest bixin.
In fact, bats are the direct source of human pathogenic viruses including rabies virus, Ebola virus, Nipah virus and Hendra virus.
Di rastî de, şevşevokên çavkanîya rasterasta vayrûsên patocenetîka merivî wekî rabies vayrûs, Ebola vayrûs, Nipah vayrûs û Hendra vayrûs in.
It is therefore not too surprising that bats might transmit HCoV-229E to humans directly.
Herosa ev ji ne-ecebmayî ye ku şevşevokên bi awayeke rasterast HCoV-229E veguhestin meriv de.
Alternatively, whereas bat alpha-CoVs serve as the gene pool of HCoV-229E, alpacas and dromedary camels might serve as intermediate hosts that transmit viruses to humans, exactly as in the case of MERS-CoV.
Ji dêla we ji, hekek ku şevşevoka alpha-CoVs weke cêna HCoV-229E dixebîte, lamî û hiştra ykkepareyî weke mazûvana navbeynî kar dikin ku vayrûsên bi meriv vediguheste, weke haleta MERS-CoV.
MERS-CoV serves as an excellent example of interspecies transmission from bats to dromedary camels and from dromedary camels to humans.
MERS-CoV weke mînakeke veguhestina navcandarî di şevşevok ji bo hiştirên yekkopareyî ji hiştirên yekkopareyî ji bo meirvê kar dike.
The evolutionary origin of MERS-CoV from bats is known at its initial identification and has also been strengthened by subsequent findings.
Çavkanîya kamilkirî ya MERS-CoV di şevşevokên weke naskirî ya yekem tête zanîn û bi desketên dahatî jî bihêz bibû.
It is obvious that bats provide a rich pool of virus species for interspecies exchange of genetic fragments and interspecies transmission.
Ev eşkere ye ku şevşevokên cûrên zêdeya vayrûsa ji bo veguhestina navbeynîya besên jênêtîk û veguhestina navbeynî çê dike.
Longevity, densely packed colonies, close social interaction and strong ability to fly are all favourable conditions for bats to be an ideal 'virus spreader'.
Dema dirêja man, kolonîya cuda bestî, danûstandina civakî ya nêzîk û hetwana bihêz firîn hermî doxên pir baş ji bo şevşevok bûn ku bibîn 'vegustîner vayrûs a herî baş.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has been introduced to dromedary camels for decades.
Li alîyê dê, MERS-CoV di hiştirên ji bo dehan sale ku heye.
It is well adapted to these camels that have turned from an intermediate host to a stable and natural reservoir host.
Ev bi başî digel wan hiştirên ku di mazûvanê navbeynê bibûye mazûvanê xizngeha cêgir û sirûştî guncandin dikin.
MERS-CoV causes very mild disease and maintains a relatively low mutation rate in these animals.
MERS-CoV dibe sedema hineka nexweşîyên nedijwar û qasa kopîkirina kêm di wan heywanan dimîne.
Its sporadic transmission to humans is an accident and humans remain a dead-end host of MERS-CoV as its transmission cannot be sustained.
Veguhestina bebilava ev ji bo meriv tesadifî ye û meriv weke mazûvaneke di-dawî-mirî a MERS-CoV dimîne, çimkû veguhestina wan nekare berdewam be.
In contrast to the role of camels in the transmission of MERS-CoV, the role of pangolins, if there is any, in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is different.
Di miqabila rola hiştiran di MERS-CoV, rola mûrîxwarên, heke ku hebe, di vveguhsetina SARS-CoV-2 cûda ye.
Particularly, pangolin beta-CoVs are highly pathogenic in pangolins.
Bi taybet, beta-CoVs a mûrîxwar di wan de pir nexweşîsaz in.
They might be a dead-end host for SARS-CoV-2-related beta-CoVs, similar to civets in the case of SARS-CoV.
Heye ku wan mazûvana dawî-mirin ji bo beta-CoVs a SARS-CoV-2-related bin, wekî zeba di haletên SARS-CoV.
Several possibilities for interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from animals to humans have to be ruled in or ruled out in future studies.
Çendîn egerîn veguhestina naveybîya SARS-CoV-2 di heywan ji bo meriv dibe ku di lêkolînên dahatî de bihête behskirin.
First, bats could be the reservoir host of a SARS-CoV-2-related virus almost identical to SARS-CoV-2.
Yekem ev ku, şevşevok dikare mazûvana xizngeha SARS-CoV-2-related vayrûs be ku teqrîben bi SARS-CoV-2 we yêksan e.
Humans might share the ecological niche with bats through butchering or coal mining.
Meriv heye ku ciha jîngehî digel şevşevokên bi rêya kuştin û kanzaya xelûz parve bike.
Second, pangolins could be one of intermediate amplifying host to which a SARS-CoV-2-related virus had been newly introduced.
Dûhem ev jî, mûrixwarin dikarin yek ji mezûvanên bihêzên navbeynî bin ku vayrûsa têkilîdara SARS-CoV-2- a wan di dawîyê de hate naskirin.
Humans contract the virus through butchering and consumption of game meat.
Meriv bi kuştina candar û xwarina goştê wan ji têkilîya vayrûs dibe.
It is possible that many mammals including domestic animals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.
Heora egera we jî heye ku gelek memikdarên wekî heywanên malî jî tûşî SARS-CoV-2 bibin.
A survey of domestic and wild animals for antibodies is warranted.
Lêkvedana heywanên ehlî û wehşî ji bo antîbadîyên pêdivî e.
Third, as mentioned above, recombination and adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 might have occurred in a third species that has contact with both bats and pangolins.
Sêyem, wek ev ku li serve hate baskirin, yekirinve û guncandina SARS-CoV-2di cura sêyem rû da ye ku têkilî digel herdûya şevşeevok û axlewîk heye.
The search for the animal origins of SARS-CoV-2 is still on.
Heya nuha ji lêkolîn li ser çavkanîyan SARS-CoV-2 didomîne.
Apart from different types of the animal hosts, three major factors on the viral side are also important in facilitating CoVs to cross species barriers.
Cudah ji cûrên cîyawazên mazuwanê heywanî. sê fakterên serekî di alîya vayrûs di hêsankirin CoVs ji bo jêbirina berbestên cûrên e.
First of all, their relatively high mutation rates in RNA replication.
Li berahîyê, rêjeya guhartina bilind têkilîdara wan di kopîkirina RNA.
In comparison to other single-stranded RNA viruses, the estimated mutation rates of CoVs could be regarded as “moderate” to “high” with an average substitution rate being ~10-4 substitution per year per site 2, depending on the phase of CoV adaptation to novel hosts.
Di berawird bi vayrûsên yek-zincîrî ya RNA ya din, qasa texmînyar guherîn dibe “navendî” bi “bilind” berçav bibe, û navencîya qasa guherîn bi ~10-4 ji bo her sal bi ciha 2 be, li ser essasa gava guncandina CoV bi mazuvanê nû.
CoVs have a proof-reading exoribonuclease, deletion of which results in exceedingly high mutability and attenuation or even inviability.
CoVs egzorbonuklîza xwendin heye, ku jêbirina wan dibe sedema guherîn û lawazbûna zêde û kêmkarkirine.
Interestingly, the nucleotide analogue Remdesivir is known to suppress CoV replication through inhibition of this exoribonuclease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Bi hewesbarî, Remdesivir analoga noklêitîd wekî kujînera kopîkirina Cova bi rêya berhelistîya wî êksorbonûklîz û polîmêraza RNA ya Girêdayî-RNA heye.
Remdesivir is one of most promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents to be tested in clinical trials.
Remdesiviryek ji bihêvîtirîn fakterên anti-SARS-CoV-2 e ku dibe di taqigehên kilînîkî bihête cerîbandin.
Nevertheless, mutation rates of CoVs are about a million times higher than those of their hosts.
Tevi vî jî, qasa kopîkirina COV derbarî milyonan caran sertir ji wana mazûwanê xwe ne.
In addition, mutation rate is often high when CoVs are not well adapted to the host.
Wekî din, qasa kopê pir bilinde di demek ku CoV bi mazuwana pir guncaw e.
Compared to SARS-CoV with a high mutation rate, the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 is apparently lower, suggestive of a higher level of adaptation to humans.
Di berawird digel rêjeya guherina bilind SARS-CoV, rêjeya guherîna SARS-CoV-2 kêmtir e, ku nîşan dide ev bi meriv guncawtir e.
Presumably, it has already been adapted to another host close to humans.
Girîmaneyî, ev di bihûrî de bi mazûvaneke nêzîk ji bo meriv hat guncandin.
In addition to SARS-CoV-2, this also applies to MERS-CoV, which is well adapted to dromedary camels.
Tevî SARS-CoV-2 jî, ev herosa tête bicihkirin ji bo MERS-CoV, ku bi hiştirên yekkoperayî baş hate guncandin.
Theoretically, it is unlikely that genetic drift would render vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 ineffective quickly.
Bi dîtaneyî, îhtimal nîne ku cihîna cenetîkî vaksîn û dijbera vayrûsên di hember SARS-CoV-2 bi awayeke bilez bêtesîr bike.
Second, the large RNA genome in CoVs exerts extra plasticity in genome modification for mutations and recombination, thereby increasing the probability for interspecies co-evolution, which is advantageous for the emergence of novel CoVs when the conditions become appropriate.
Dûyem ev ji jênoma mezin RNA di CoVs dibe sedeme nermîya zêde di islaha jênom ji bo guhartin û yekkirin, di encam de ev egera vegirîya navbeynî zêde dike, ku ji bo derketina CoVs a nû, di demek ku rewş guncaw be bisûd e.
This is supported by the copious unique open reading frames and protein functions encoded towards the 3′ end of the genome.
Ev di alîya qalibên xwendina vekirîya taybeta berdar û karkirîyên protêyîna kodkirî ji bo 3′ a dawîya cênom tête piştevanî kirin.
Third, CoVs randomly and frequently switch templates during RNA replication through a unique “copy-choice” mechanism.
Sêyem ev ku , CoVs bi awayeke rendom û bi berdewamî di dema kopîkirinên RNA bi sazîya taybeta “hilbijartina-kopî” diguhere.
In a host that serves as the mixing vessel, strand switching occurs frequently during CoV RNA transcription.
Di mazûwanek ku weke têkilkir bikar tê, guherandin bpir caran ji dema CoV RNA rû dide.
Highly homologous full-length and subgenomic RNAs could recombine to generate new CoVs.
RNA yên bi tevahî yeksan û jêrjênomîk ikar ji bo çêkirina CoV a nû bihête yekkirin.
Phylogenetic evidence of natural recombination has been found in both HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, as well as animal CoVs such as bat SL-CoV and batCoV-HKU9.
Belgeyên fîlocenetîk yekkirina sirûştî ya di herdûya HCoV-HKU1 û HCoV-OC43 derket, hersoa CoVs heywan wekî SL-CoV ya şevşevok û CoV-HKU9 a şevşevok.
Virus-host interaction in relation to transmission
Danûstandina mazuwaneye vayrûs di pêwednî digel veguhestin
Besides three viral factors stated above, viral interaction with host receptor is another key factor influential on interspecies transmission.
Tevî sê faktera vayrûsîya ragihandîya jor, danustandina vayrûsî bi wergira mazuwan faktereke bitesîran din li ser veguhestina nav candaran e.
Herein, recombination of SARS-CoV is taken as a typical example, which also showed evidence of positive selection during interspecies transmission events.
Li vir, yekkirinveya SARS-CoV weke mînakeke giştî, ku belgeya hilbijartina pozetîv di dema bûyerên veguhestina navcandarî nîşan da.
Based on the comparative analysis between isolates of human and civet SARS-CoVs, SARS-CoV is thought to undergo rapid adaptation in different hosts, particularly with mutations at the RBD of the S protein.
Li ser esasa êkvedana berawirdî di navbera cudahkirina meriv û SARS-CoVs a zebad, SARS-CoV xuya dibe ku di mazuvanên cudah de bibe, bi taybet bi kopîkirin di RBD a poteyîna S.
Generally, the RBD in the S protein of a CoV interacts with the cellular receptor and is intensely selected by the host antibody response.
Bi awayeke giştê, RBD di poteyîna S a CoV digel wergira şaneyîya danûstandin dike û bi ciddi bi bersiva antîbadî ya mezûvan hildibijîre.
In SARS-CoV, the RBD is in the 318th to 510th amino acids on the S1 fragment, which binds to the human ACE2 as well as its coreceptors for viral entry.
Di SARS-CoV, RBD di 318 heta 510emîn tirşe amîno ya beşa S1 e, ku ji bo ACE2 meriv û herosa navenda eslîya wan ji bo anîna vayrûs wesil dibe.
The RBD of SARS-CoV is capable of recognizing the ACE2 receptors of various animals, including bat, civet, mouse and raccoon dog, allowing interspecies transmission of the virus.
The RBD a SARS-CoV dikare ACE2 nas bike di wergirên heywanên cuda, wekî şevşevok, zebad, mişîk, sê, û rê bi veguhestina navbeynîya vayrûs bide.
In fact, only 6 amino acid residues were observed to be different from human and civet viral isolates in the RBD and 4 of them locate in the receptor-binding motif for interaction with the ACE2 receptor.
Di rastî de, tenê 6 tirşe amîno ji bo cudahbûn di meriv hate nîşandan û vayrûsa zebad di RBD cudah dibe û 4 ji wan di motîf wergir ji bo danustandin bi wergirta ACE2 dimîne.
Civet SARS-CoV has K479N and S487T mutations in its RBD, which might increase the affinity of the interaction of spike protein with human ACE2 receptor.
Civet SARS-CoV heye K479N û veguherîna S487T di RBDa xwe, ku heye ku meyla danûstandina proteyîn digel wergira ACE2 zêde bike.
In other words, these two amino acid substitutions might be critical to viral adaption to humans.
Bi gotineke din, guhartina wan dû tirşe-amîno dibe ku ji bo guncandin bi meriv giring be.
It is noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 shares the same cellular receptor with SARS-CoV.
Ev ji pir bi nirx e ku SARS-CoV-2 wergira şaneyî ya SaRS-CoV parve dike.
A 30% difference between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the S1 unit of the S protein implicates that the binding affinity of its S protein with human ACE2 might have altered.
30% cudahîya navbera SARS-CoV-2 û SARS-CoV di S1 a proteyîna S, tê wî watayê ku meyla proteyîna S bi ACE2 heye ku biguhere.
Indeed, a cryo-EM study indicates a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity of this binding than that between human ACE2 and SARS-CoV S protein.
Di rastî de, lêkvedana cryo-EM nîşan dide ku 10-heta-20-çemyay qas bilindtir ji peywenda di hember navbera ACE2 û proteyîna S a SARS-CoV e.
It will also be of interest to determine whether any other coreceptor might be required for SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Herosa ev xweşik dibe ku bihête diyarkirin ku her wergireke din heye ku ji bo veguhestina SARS-CoV-2 pêdivî be.
Intriguingly, HCoV-NL63 also binds to ACE2 but with a different part of S.
Tişte balkêş ev e, HCoV-NL63 ji bi beşeke din ji S têkilî bi ACE2 dibe.
There exist many other HCoV receptors, such as aminopeptidase N for HCoV-229E, and 9-O-acetylated sialic acid for HCoV-OC43.
Piranîya wergirê din jî ji bo HCoV heye, wekî amînopêptîdaz a N ji bo HCoV-229E, û 9-O-acetylated sialic acid ji bo HCoV-OC43.
They might also account for successful adaptation of these CoVs in humans after interspecies transmission from their animal hosts.
Wan heye ku ji bo guncandina serketî ya CoVs di meriv piştî veguhestina nav candarî ji bo mazûvanê heywanên we hejmar bibe.
In addition to cellular receptors, the outcome of interspecies transmission of HCoVs is also governed by other host dependency and restriction factors.
Tevî wergirên şaneyî jî, encamên veguhestina navbeynîya HCoV di alîyê girêdayîya mazûwan û fakterên ssinordarkirî tête birêvebirin.
The divergence of these host proteins between humans and natural reservoir hosts of HCoVs such as bats, dromedary camels and rodents might constitute a barrier to interspecies transmission.
Cudahîya wan protînan di navber mirev û xwedîya xizngeha sirûştîya HCoVs weke şevşevok, hiştir û kojerên heye ku berbesta veguhestan nav candarên be.
HCoVs have to usurp host dependency factors and subvert host restriction factors for a successful interspecies transmission.
HCoVs dibe fakterên girêdayîyên û fakterên sinordarkirîyên mazûvanê ji bo veguhestina serketî yê veguhestina navbera candaran ji biherîkiîne.
In this regard, molecular determinants in this important area of virus-host interaction remain to be identified and characterized.
Di wê babetê de, fakterên dîyarkirî ya mulkûlê di wî cihê danûstandin mezûvanê vayrûs dimîne ku bihête naskirin û taybetkirin jî.
An unbiased genome-wide screening of host dependency and restriction factors for SARS-CoV-2 using the state-of-the-art technology of CRISPR might be fruitful.
Nasandina berbilava jênom bi-alî di girêdayîya mezuwan û fakterên sinordarkirîa SARS-CoV-2 teknolojyaya hunerîya CRISPR bikar dîne ku heye ku xweşik be.
Emergence of novel HCoVs: back to ground zero
Derketin HCoVs a nû: vegere bi erda sifir
The diversity of bat CoVs provides ample opportunities for the emergence of novel HCoVs.
Cudahîya CoVs şevşevok derfetên ji bo HCoVsên nû saz dike.
In this sense, bat CoVs serve as the gene pool of HCoVs.
Di wî hestê de, CoVs a şevşevok wek bingeha cênîya HCoVs dixebîte.
In addition, rapid mutation and genetic recombination also drive HCoV evolution and serve as two important steps in this process.
Serda, tehrîka bilez û yekirinve ya cenetîka herosa mezinkirina HCoV bicih dike û weke dû gavên mezin di wî prose de dixebîte.
For example, the acquisition or loss of novel protein-coding genes has the potential to drastically modify viral phenotypes.
Weke mînak, bidestanîn an jidestdana jênên kodkirina proteyîna nû dikare bi pir mezin mînakên vayrûs biguherîne.
Among SARS-CoV accessory proteins, ORF8 has been thought to be important in adaptation to humans, as SARS-CoV-related bat viruses were isolated but found to encode divergent ORF8 proteins.
Di nav proteyîn lawekîya SARS-CoV, guman dibe ku ORF8 bi guncandin digel meriv gelek giring be, weke vayrûsên şevşevoka SARS-CoV-related hatibûne cudahkirin, lê ji bo koddana cudaya proteyînên ORF8 hate zanîn.
A 29-nucleotide deletion characteristic of SARS-CoVs has been found in strains isolated at the beginning of the human epidemic.
Taybetmendîya jêbirina 29-noklîodî ya SARS-CoV di despêk epîdemîya merivî di birrîna cudahkirî peyda dibe.
This deletion splits ORF8 into ORF8a and ORF8b and is thought to be an adaptive mutation that promotes the switch of hosts.
Ev jêbirin ORF8 beş dike bi ORF8a û ORF8b û xxuya dibe ku guhartieke guncaw be ku guhartina mazûvan zêde dike.
Besides, SARS-CoV has a possible recombination history with lineages of alpha- and gamma-CoVs, where a large number of smaller recombinant regions were identified in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Tevî we ji, SARS-CoV egera dîroka yekkirinve bi zayenda alpha- û gamma-CoVs heye, di cihek ku hejmareke mezin di beşên pîçûka yekirin di polîmêraza RNA ya RNA-dependent bihête nasandin.
Recombination locations were also identified in the nsp9, most of nsp10, and parts of nsp14.
Herosa cihên yekirinve ji di nsp9, herî mezina nsp10, û beşên ji nsp14 hate naskirin.
Likewise, it has been shown that the epidemic MERS-CoV experienced recombination events between different lineages, which occurred in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia.
Bi heman rewş ji, ev hate nîşandan ku epîdemî ya MERS-CoV bûyerên yekkrin tecrûbe kirî ye di navbera xetên cuha, ku di hiştirên yekkopareyî di Erebistan Seûdî rû da.
Besides SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, recombination events have also been observed in other HCoVs, in which the HCoVs recombine with other animal CoVs in their non-structural genes.
Li hindê, SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV, bûyerên yekirinve jî di HCoVs ên din ji tête nîşandan, di haletek ku yek kirina HCoVs digel CoVs ên ajelên din di cênên ne-çarçoveyî ya xwe.
It should also be cautioned that artificial selection can contribute to unintended changes in viral genomes, most likely resulting from relieving viruses from selection pressures exerted, such as by the host immune system.
Herosa ev dibe bihête berçavkirin ku hilbijartina dekird dikar guhartinên nexwestî di cênom saz bikin, ku piranîya mezin bibe sedema azadkirina vayrûs di pestanên hilbijartin, wekî ev ku sîstema ewlehî bicih dike.
An example of these effects is the loss of a full-length ORF4 in the HCoV-229E prototype strain, owing to a two-nucleotide deletion.
Weke mînaka wan tesîra jidestdanana tevahîya ORF4 di pestana mînakî ya HCoV-229E, sedmea jêbirina dû-noklîyotîd e.
While intact ORF4 could be observed in bat and camel viruses related to HCoV-229E, the alpaca alpha-CoV displays a single nucleotide insertion, resulting in a frameshift.
Di demek ku ORF4 dikar di vayrûsa şevşevok û hiştirên pêwendîdar bi HCoV-229E dikare bihête nîşandan, alpaca alpha-CoV pêdana taka nokîotîd, encam di freymşîft dibe.
Last but not least, the evolution of novel HCoVs is also driven by the selection pressure in their reservoir hosts.
Û xala dawîn ev ku, serhildana HCoVs a nû bi pestana hilbijartî di mazuvanê xizngeha wan tête tehrîk kirin.
Asymptomatic or only mild symptoms were detected when bats were infected with CoVs, indicating the mutual adaptation between CoVs and bats.
Bêyî nîşane an ji nîşaneya kêm hate derketin di demek ku şevşeokên vegirtî bûndiyar dike ku guncandin herdû di navber CoVs û şevşevokên heye.
It appeared that bats are well adapted to CoVs anatomically and physiologically.
Xuya dibe ku şevşevoka di her dû alîyê anatomî û fîzyolojî de bi awayeke baş guncaw bin.
For example, defects in the activation of pro-inflammatory response in bats efficiently reduce the pathology triggered by CoVs.
Weke mînak, neqis di çalakakirina bersivên hewkiri di şevvşevoka bi bandoereke mezin egernasîya CoVs kêm dike.
Besides, the natural killer cell activity in bats is suppressed due to upregulation of inhibitory natural killer cell receptor NKG2/CD94 and low expression level of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules.
Tevî wê jî, kuşindeya sirûştî ya şevşevok ji ber çêkirina wergira kuşindeya siruştîya NKG2/CD94 û derbirîna piçûka asta mezina komplêxa guncandîya cura I a mûlkûên tête vekuştin.
Moreover, the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from high metabolic activity of bats could both suppress CoV replication and affects proofreading by exoribonuclease, thus providing the selection pressure for the generation of virus strains highly pathogenic when introduced into a new host.
Zêdetir ji, asta bilind curên oksîcêna bertekdir (ROS) a çêkirî di çalakîya mêtabolîka bilind di şevşevokan dikare kopîkirnia CoV vemirîne û tesîrkirina dûcarî bi êgzorîbonokîyaz bibandor bike, ji ber wek pestana hilbijartî ji bo çêkirina vyarûsa pir nexweşîsaz di dema nasanin bi mazuwana nû çê dike.
More pathogenic CoV strains might also evolve by recombination, leading to the acquisition of novel proteins or protein features for host adaptation.
Piranîa birrîna nexweşîzayîya CoV dibe ku bi yekirinve bihête derketin, û bibe sedema bidestxistina proteyîna nû an taybetmendîya proteyîn ji bo guncandina mezuwan.
Thus, it is not by chance that three novel HCoVs have emerged in the past two decades.
Ji ber we, en eger nîne ku sê haletên HCoVs di dû dehsalî rû bide û derbikete.
CoVs are non-pathogenic or cause mild symptoms in their reservoir hosts such as bats and camels.
CoVs ne-nexwezîza an sedema nîşaneyan navendî di mazuwanên xweyên xizingeh wekî şevşevok û hiştir in.
They replicate robustly without eliciting a strong host immune response.
Wan bi awayeke bihêz bi bê bersiva bihêza mazûvana emnî kopî dikin.
Herein lie the secrets of why asymptomatic carriers are seen and what causes the severe cases in human infection.
Li vir wê razê tête ber bas ku çima vegirtîyên bê-nîşane hene û çi tiştek dibe sedema haletên ciddî i tûşbûna meriv ê.
The severe symptoms are mainly due to the hyperactivation of immune response and the cytokine storm wherein the stronger the immune response, the more severe the lung damage.
Nîşaneyên ciddî bi sedma pirçalakbûna bersive ewlehî û herroka sîtokîn di cihek ku bersiva ewlehî bihêztir be, sîng zêdetir zirar dibîne.
In contrast, in asymptomatic carriers, the immune response has been de-coupled from CoV replication.
Ji hemberî we jî, di vegirtîyên bêyî nîşane, bersiva emnî di pijaka CoV nehêştin bibe cot.
The same strategy of delinking the immune response might have beneficial effects in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
Heman stratêjîya jêbirna berteka îmenî heye ku sedema bas di dermana dij bi-SARS-CoV-2 hebe.
The interferon response is particularly strong in bats.
Berteka înterfêron di şevşevokan pir bihêz e.
Thus, administration of type I interferon at least in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans should be beneficial.
Ji ber we, bikaranîna înterfêron a cura I dibe herî kêm di gava vegirtina SARS-CoV-2 di meriv de bisûd be.
In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bats is defective.
Serbarî we jî, çalakîya hewkirina NLRP3 di şevşevokên naqis e.
By this reasoning, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 might be useful in the treatment of COVID-19.
Bi wî delîlê, kontrola hevkirina NLRP3 bi MCC950 heye ku di çareserkirina KOVÎD-19 bitesîr be.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 follows the general theme by which SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV arose.
Derketina SARS-CoV-2 babeta giştî ya anîye berbas ku bi wan SARS-CoV û MERS-CoV serhilda.
Whereas a bat beta-CoV sharing 95% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV has been found, there also exists a bat-CoV sharing 96% nucleotide homology with SARS-CoV-2.
Di cihek ku şevşevoka beta-CoV bi yêksanîya noklîyotîdîya 95% digel SARS-CoV tête zanîn, şevşevoka-CoV bi yêksanîya noklîyotîdîya 96% dgiel SARS-CoV-2 ji heye.
Whereas civets and other animals in the markets have been found to harbour viruses identical to SARS-CoV, immediate intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not been identified.
Di demek ku zebad û heywanên din di markêtan ji bo hilgira vayrûsa peyda bibûn weke SARS-CoV, mazûvanêên navbeynîya bilez ji bo SARS-CoV-2 hate naskirn.
Pangolin beta-CoVs strikingly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 have been found, indicating that pangolins might serve as one of intermediate hosts or pangolin beta-CoVs could contribute gene fragments to the final version of SARS-CoV-2.
Hate zanîn ku mûrîxwara beta-CoVs pir Wekheve ji bo SARS-CoV-2, nîşan die ku heye ku mûrîxwar weke mazûvan navbeyn an mûrîxwara beta-CoVs dikar di sazîya cên ji bo veşana dawîya SARS-CoV-2 alîkar be.
Although questions remain, there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is man-made either deliberately or accidentally.
Herosa pirsên ji dimîne, ne belegeyek hene ku SARS-CoV-2 ku bi xwest an tesadifî destçêkira meriv be.
CoVs have returned to the limelight due to the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.
CoVs bi sedema belavbûna dawî ya belavbûna SARS-CoV-2 vegerya ye.
The study of CoVs in bats and other animals has drastically changed our perception of the importance of zoonotic origins and animal reservoirs of HCoVs in human transmission.
Lêklîn li ser CoV in şevşevok û heywanên din nêrîna me bi giranî li ser girinhîya çavkanîya vayrûsî û xizngeha heywanîya HCoV di veguhestina merivî diguherîne.
Pervasive evidence has shown that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have a bat origin and are transmitted to humans via intermediate hosts.
Belgeyên veşartî nîşan da kû SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 çavkanîyeke şevşevokî hene û bi rêya xawendarî bi mirov re diguheste.
Given that SARS-CoV infection originates from the contact between humans and civets in the markets, closing wet markets and killing civets therein could have effectively ended the SARS epidemic.
Li gorî ev ku vegirtîya SARS-COV di têkilîya navbera meriv û zebadan di bazaran de saz dibe, daxistian bazarên ter û kuştina zebadan dikare bi awayeke bitesîr bibe sedema bidawî hatina jêrgira SARS.
By the same reasoning, pangolins should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission, in view of the discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin beta-CoVs closely related to SARS-CoV-2.
Bi heman sedem jî, dibe ku mûrîxwarên di bazarên ter ji bo rêgirtin ji veguhestina vayrûs navbera meriv û heywana bihêne jêbirin, bi nêrîn li têkilî ya nêzîka zayenda çendî ya mûrîxwarên beta-CoVs bi SARS-CoV-2.
However, whether and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted to humans through pangolins and other mammals remain to be clarified in future investigations.
Herosan ev ku çawa SARS-CoV-2 bi rêya mûrîxwar û memikdarên din bi meriv re têne veguhestin di vekolîna dahatî de rohn dibe.
On the other hand, MERS-CoV has existed in dromedary camels for a long time.
Li alîyê dê, MERS-CoV di hiştirên ji bo demeke dirêj e ku heye.
These camels serve as an important tool for transportation as well as a main source of meat, milk, leather and wool products for the local people.
Wan hiştirên alaveke giring ji bp veguhestin herosa çavakanîya serekî ya goşt, şîr, çerm û xurî ji bo xelkên xwecihîn ne.
They are widely distributed across the Middle East and Africa.
Ev bi awayeke mezin di Rojhilata navîn û Efrîqa de belav bû ye.
It is therefore impossible to sacrifice all camels for the control of MERS, as what was done in wild animal markets in China to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Ev ji nemûmkîne ku hemî hiştirên ji ber kontrola MERS bihêne kuştin, weke ev tiştek ku di markêta heywanên wehşî di Çîna kir ji bo rêgirbûn ji belavbûn SARS-CoV û SARS-CoV-2.
To stop the recurrent outbreaks of MERS, a comprehensive approach should be taken to develop effective vaccines against MERS-CoV for camels, in combination with other infection control measures.
Ji bo rênedan bi belavbûna dubareya MERS, rêbaze giştî dibe ji bo çêkirina vaksînên bitesîr diê MERS-COV ji bo hiştirên, di yekkirin digel pîvanên kontrolîya vegirtîyên din ji bihête bicihkirin.
As we are not able to eliminate these viruses, new genotypes might emerge to cause outbreaks.
Wekê ev ku em hemî caran nekarîn wan vayrûsan ji nav bibîn, heye ku cênotîpên nû jî derbiketin û bibine sedema belavbûne.
A variety of zoonotic CoVs are circulating in the wild.
Curek ji vayrûsa navbera mirev û heywanên di heyata wehiş de disûre.
Particularly, bat CoVs with zoonotic potential are so diverse.
Bi taybet, CoVs şevşevok bi egera vayrûsî pir cudah in.
There are plenty of opportunities that these zoonotic CoVs evolve and recombine, resulting in the emergence of new CoVs that are more transmissible and/or deadly in humans in future.
Derfetên herîz mezin heye ku wan vayrpsa veguhstîya CoVs zêde bibe û yekirinve, û di encam de derketina CoVs nû ku zêdetir tête veguhsetin û/an ji di dahtî de di nav mirev de kuşinde tir in.
The culture of eating wild animals in some places of China should be abandoned to reduce unnecessary contact between humans and animals.
Divê çanda xwarina heywanên wehşî li hin deverên Çînê were hiştin ku pêwendiya nediyar di navbera mirov û heywanan de kêm bike.
With the ordeals of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, a better preparedness and response plan should be in place.
Li gor zirarên SARS, MERS û KOVÎD-19, amadekarîya çêtir û plana bertek dibe bihête bicihkirin.
In fact, many viruses have existed in the planet for a very long time.
Di rastî de, piranîya vayrûsa di stêra ji bo deme direj e ku heye.
They stay in their own natural reservoirs until there is a chance for spillover.
Wan di xizingeha sirûştîya xwe dimînin heta cihek ku egera rijîin hebe.
Although bats have many features that favours the spreading of viruses, the chance for humans to be in contact with bats and other wildlife species can be minimized if people are educated to stay away from them.
Herçend şevşevokên taybetmendîyên herî bilind hene ku piştevanî di belavbûna vayrûs dike, heke ku meriv hîn bibe ku dpr ji wan bimîne, egera berketina meriv digel wan û curên dinên candarên kêmtir dibe.
Continuous surveillance in mammals is necessary for better understanding of the ecology of CoVs and their natural hosts, which will prove useful in preventing animal-to-human transmission and future outbreaks.
Kontrola berdewam di memikdarên ji bo têgihîştina bêtir di jîngeha CoVs û mazûvanê sirûştîya wan giring e, ku ev di rêgirbûn di veguhestina heywan-bi-meriv û belavbûna dahatî ji bitesîr e.
To conclude, the most effective way to prevent viral zoonosis is for humans to stay away from the ecological niches of the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic viruses.
Ji bo bidawîkirin, herî pir bandortirîn ji bo rênedana vegirtina zoono ji bo merivan bi dûr man li cihên di xizngeha sirûştîya vayrûsên meriv û canewerî heye.
Several pieces in the puzzle of the zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2 are still missing.
Perçeyên cudayên heyrandîya çavkanîya vayrûsa SARS-CoV-2 heta nuha wunda ye.
First, if bats transmit an ancestral virus of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins, it will be of interest to see under what circumstances bats and pangolins could share the same ecological niche.
Yekem ev ku, heke ku şevşevokên vayrûsa SARS-CoV-2a kevn bi mûrîxarên veguhestin, xweşik e ku bibînin şeveşevok û mûrîxarên çawa dikarin ciha yeksana jîngehî bihevre parve bikin.
Second, if bats play a more direct role in human transmission, how humans get into contact with bats should be determined.
Dûyem, heke ku şevşevok roleke rastrast di veguhestina merivî hebe, çawa têkilîya meriv û şevşevok dibe bihête diyarkirin.
Third, if a third mammal acts as the true intermediate host, how it interacts with the different species including humans, bats and pangolins has to be clarified.
Sêhem, heke ku sêyem memikadar mazuwaneke navbeyîya rastî bixebîne, çawa digel candarên din eke meriv, şevşevok û mûrîxwarênn dibe bihête rohnkirn.
Finally, since many mammals including domestic animals might be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, both surveillance and experimental infection should be conducted.
Di encam de, ji ber weke gelek memikdarê wekî heywanên malê heyekku gumanbdar SARS-CoV-2 bin, die ku herdûya vegirîya zîdnîman û tecrubî bihête encamdan.
Should it be a bat, a pangolin or another mammal, it is expected that SARS-CoV-2 or its parental viruses that are almost identical will be identified in its natural hosts in future.
Heke ku ev şevşevok, mûrîxwar an memikdarên din be, tê pêşbînîkirin ku SARS-CoV-2 an vayrûsên dina wan ku teqrîben bi mazûvanê sirûştê di dahatî de tête naskirin.