atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Currently, no detailed study has been reported regarding the immunological response to SARS-CoV-2.
Kǝrma dǝro, Rifot nazaru la kǝzǝbkǝ ye kǝla futu tiyi kamma ye SARS-CoV-2 dǝga kǝriwjin ye ba.
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
Adǝ nankadǝro, nazaruwa ngawon kǝla CoVs gade yen tǝdǝna ma so dǝ ruyen, musamman ma ro SARS-CoV dǝ-a MERS-CoV dǝ-a (Fig. (Fig.4).4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
Nguwu so ro, ngawo kuli kwasabe dǝ tiyi kamma zamjiya, buro salak lan kam dǝye tiyinzǝn alaunzǝ kwasa kǝriwtǝye dǝ asujin zawal asutǝramnzǝ dǝwo sha (PRRs) lan buwotin dǝ men, C-type lectin-like receptors Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), kuru RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
Diwalla kada men, kuli kwasabe sǝkǝ futǝ suwudin, wuratǝ dendritic cells, kuru synthesis type I ye-a interferons (IFNs) shi dǝwo ne kuli kwasabe tartǝgǝ dǝga fulujin kuru sǝrayin macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens dǝga.
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
Ade yeyi ma, N protein SARS-CoV ye dǝ raksǝ kuli kwasabe dǝga banaze balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi ye dǝn soshin.
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
Karǝngǝn, balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi dǝ ye kuli kwasabe kǝriwtǝ dǝ ro kǝltǝyin.
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
T lymphocytes rokkozǝn CD4+ kuru CD8+ T cells dǝ taidaza faitǝ dǝn banazain.
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
CD4+ T cells dǝ B cells dǝga kulleccin balimiwa kwasa kǝriwtǝye dǝ tulo ro, kuru CD8+ T cells dǝ kuli kwasabe dǝga kǝla tilowa ro cejin.
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
T helper cells dǝ proinflammatory cytokines sutuluyin cells faijin ma dǝga banatǝ ro.
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
Adǝyeyi ma, CoV dǝ raksǝ cida T cell ye dǝro takkal suwudin shi apoptosis T cells dǝga gǝrǝbtǝgǝ men.
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
Balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi humoral dǝ banama alama C3a dǝ-a kuru C5a dǝ- a kuru balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi so-a so zauro faida kuli kwasabe kǝriwtǝ dǝ ro.
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
Misallo, balimiwa kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi dǝwo tiyi kam ngazǝna yen tutuluwuna dǝ MERS-CoV dǝga cezǝna.
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
Hal gadǝn, fasal balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyi ye dǝ ye naa kuzǝna ro cidajiya awo la shiro free radicals gultin dega surayin nguwu ro sutuluyin shi dǝwo ne lezǝ fufu-a kǝndǝwu gade so-a, kuru sa bannatiya kǝndǝwu kada cidazainmba ro waljin kuru kǝrmu yayi ro surutsǝyin.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
Zamztǝ SARS-CoV-2 ye dǝ, futu badiyaram lan sabtin fǝlezǝna dǝ yeyi, am ngǝlinza lezǝna ma tiynzan kwasa gadeya -a kamuwa surowa-a ma ma nguwo ro sǝtain wo.
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
Nowata ye dǝ yeyi, am dǝwo kuli kwasabe nguwu ye zamzǝna so dǝ aw am dǝwo balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye tiyinza ye so nuna dǝ, sandima nguwu so ro zamtin wo am gade dǝ yayi ro.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
Loktu dǝwo ngazata SARS-CoV-2 ye bǝbǝntǝgǝ tambin dǝ shima kawu 1-14, nguwu so ro kawu 3-7 futu nazaru kǝla am 425 buro hawal yin zamtǝna bǝla Wuhan ye dǝ ye fǝlezǝna dǝ yeyi.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
Adǝyeyi ma, nazaru kǝla am 1,099 zamtǝna dǝ yen fǝlezǝna kǝla loktu bǝbǝntǝgǝ tambin dǝ shima nguwu so ro kawu 3 kuru kate kate kawu 0 sǝta 24 lezǝna yen.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
Nazaru la karǝngǝ dǝ ye dǝ ye, fǝlezǝna kǝla loktu bǝbǝntǝgǝ tambin dǝ shima kawu 4.8 (3.0-7.2) lǝatar nǝm nguwu jama 8,866 zamtǝna yen.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
Humawa nelefa ro cistuwu ma so dǝ loktu kǝla kortǝ ye sandǝna ma dǝga kalkaltǝgǝ dǝ zaumaro faida, lǝatar loktu bǝbǝntǝgǝ tambin dǝwo zauro kalkal ma ye ro, adǝyeyi men, am dǝwo zamtǝna amma alamawa kǝndondibe fǝlezainmba ma so dega am gade ro kuli kwasabe dǝ tartǝgǝ ro dabtin.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
Futu tǝdin nowata ye dǝ yeyi, am dǝwo kuli kwasabe dǝro hatana, aw zamtǝna ma so sandiya kawu 14 ro kortin.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
Loktu kortǝ ye dǝ tǝra kawu 24 ro waljin wa?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Kange dǝ shima alama kwasa COVID-19 kura kuru buroye wo, ngawo dǝn dayi alama gade ba aw alamawa gade misallo kadawu ngamdu, yintǝ kǝraw, tiyi sǝrǝn, kǝla dǝri, kǝla sǝrǝn, daw lilimta, klanza saktǝ, karuwu sǝrǝn, shi dada, karuwu lalam, kuru fitǝ-a.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
Am dondi la dǝ ye yintǝ kǝraw-a/ aw kwasa bu lan kasam gantǝ ye shiro hypoxemia sayin dǝ mawu fal ngawo kwasa badizana yen fanzana.
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Sa zau jiya, am dondi so dǝ nagaduro koza kwasa yintǝ kǝraw ye zau ma, kǝrawu kwasadǝ be nankaro kamma hangallin sutulin (septics shock), metabolic acidosis, coagulopathy-a tatain.
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
Kam dondi dǝwo kange-a kuru/aw alamawa kwasa yintǝ ye kuru kange kǝrawwa, awo dǝwo ne shiro pulmonary imaging abnormalities gultin ba yayi kuli dǝro daten kulastǝ.
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
Nazaru la jama ye daren December 2019 ye dǝn tǝdǝna dǝ ye fǝlezǝna adadu alamawa kǝndondibe dǝ kashi miya lan Sandi ma 98% kange ye, 76% nzasǝra ngamdu ye, 55% dyspnea ye, kuru 3% shidada ye; 8% am dondi dǝ ye so bana yintǝram ye mǝradǝzana.
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
Hawar jili tilowa ma nazaru la ndi karǝngǝn kǝla yalla zamtǝna-a yalla dǝwo alamawa kǝndondibe fǝlezainmba yen tǝdǝna ye fǝlezǝna.
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
Rataltǝgǝ men, nazaru la kǝla jama yen suro 2012 yen tǝdǝna dǝ ye fǝlezǝna kǝla am MERS-CoV ye sǝtana dǝ ye kangeya (98%), nzasǝra ngamdu (47%), kuru yintǝ kǝraw (55%) shima alamawa kǝndondibe nza wo.
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
Adǝyeyi ma, kashi 80% wo so bana yintǝram ye mǝradǝzana, COVID-19 ye sǝtana dǝga kozǝna ro kuru MERS ye loru dǝ COVID-19 ye dǝga kuzǝna.
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
Shidada (26%) kuru dawu lilimta (21%) ye am MERS ye sǝtana dǝn turuna.
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
Am SARS ye zamzǝna dǝn, (99%-100%) fǝlezǝna, nzasǝra ngamdu (29%-75%), yintǝ kǝraw (40%-42%), shidada (20-25%), kuru dawu lilimta (13-25%) sandima alamawa kǝndondibe kura wo kuru bana yintǝram ye mǝradǝtǝna tǝadir 14%-20% am dondi dǝ ye.
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
February 14 lan, loru COVID-19 ye dǝ 2% sa adadu am zamtǝna dǝ ye dǝ 66,576 dina samma son nazǝgǝ na dǝn.
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
Rataltǝgǝ men, loru SARS ye dǝ November 2002 la dǝn 10% of am tawadǝro zamtǝna 8,096 ye dǝn.
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
MERS ye dǝ, lǝatar nazaru la jama ye June 2012 yen tǝdǝna dǝn, loru dǝ 37% am 2,494 tawadǝro zamtǝna yen.
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
Nazaru la ngawon tǝdǝna dǝ ye fǝlezǝna kǝla R0 SARS-CoV-2 ye dǝ nǝm nguwu nzǝ dǝ 6.47 sǝtǝna 95% confidence interval (CI) ga 5.71-7.23 ye, adǝyeyi ma R0 SARS-CoV ye dǝ kate kate 2 sǝta 4 isǝna njong yen kara.
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
Rataltǝgǝ la SARS-CoV-2 dǝga MERS-CoV kuru SARA-CoV yen tǝdǝna dǝn kǝla alamawa kǝndondibe nzan, loru, kuru R0 ye-a dǝ fǝlǝtǝna suro Tewur 1.1.
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
Adaduwa samiye dǝ ye fǝlezǝna kǝla SARS-CoV-2 dǝ shima raksǝ tartǝgǝyin wo kǝla MERS-CoV dǝ-a SARS-CoV dǝga yen, amma shi sandi ndi dareye dǝga tajirwan sǝtǝnyi.
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Adǝ nankadǝro, kwasa SARS-CoV-2 ye dǝ shima kaltǝgǝ zauwwa wo kǝla MERS-CoV -a SARS-CoV dǝ-a yen.
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
Badiyaram lan kǝltǝ dǝ nguwu so ro yalla fal yin aw samno fal yin aw awo kǝmbayen alama mara njiye so yeyi lan.
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
Kam dondi dǝwo can bǝlarozǝna aw Wuhan lan nabsǝna aw naa gade kwasa dǝ fǝlangzǝna lan aw kam kwasa dǝ ye zamzǝna ro letǝgǝna suro mawuwa indi karǝngǝ yen.
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
Adǝyeyi ma, hawar tuwondǝna kǝla am so raksa kuli kwasabe dǝga alama kǝndondibe ba ro gozain mawu ndiya kozǝna ro kuru kam ngazǝ sha litarin salamtǝna yayi raksǝ waltǝ kuli kwasabe dǝga gojin, adǝ ye dayi je ya nzǝndin kǝla loktu kortǝ ye yira yen.
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
Am dondi dǝwo adadu bunza bella kimiyaso (musamman ro lymphocytes) ye dǝ kalkal ma aw fulutuna ma so dǝ badiyaram dǝn.
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
Misallo, lymphopenia suro zǝn white blood cell count < 4×109/L rokkozǝn lymphocyte count < 1×109/L, kuru elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia dǝ tuwondǝna suro am 1,099 COVID-19 ye zamzǝna yen.
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
Nǝm nguwu liver-a muscle enzymes-a kuru myoglobin -a ye dǝ suro bu am dondi la so yen tǝrana, kuru C-reactive protein-a erythrocyte sedimentation-a dǝ suro bu am dondi nguwu so yen tǝrana.
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
Am zauro dondi so lan, nǝm nguwu D-dimer ye, awo la suro bu ye dǝn fibrin nyetǝma, habtǝna, kuru nǝm nguwu lymphocyte ye gana ganan fulutǝn.
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
Foto karuwuye am COVID-19 ye zamzǝna dǝn gotǝna dǝn awowa la kalkalgǝnyi turuna kuru tiyidǝn suli ndi ndiya aw awo dǝwo ne shiro ground glass opacity sayin ma suro fufu dǝyen na.
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Am dondi dǝ nguwu so kwasa pneumonia kǝla notǝnyiya, tuno fufuye zau ma, kuru kwasa yintǝ ye acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) sayin dǝga.
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
Sa ARDS wajiya, futǝ kaltǝyinmb, nji sabtǝ, kuru awo dǝwo ne sha progressive fibrosis lan buwotin dǝ ye zauro yintǝ ro takal suwudin.
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
Bannatǝ type-I-a type-II pneumocytes-a ye dǝ nǝm tǝlala dǝ fulujin kuru nǝm kǝrsasa sǝrayin, adǝ nankadǝro fufu raksǝ fijin ba ro waljin kuru fufu dǝ cetro Bannatǝ waajin.
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
Adǝyeyi ma, kulashi foto karuwu ye zau ma dǝ nguwu so ro kwasa dǝ ye zaunzǝ dǝga kalkal.
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
Yim February 18, 2020 ln, kulashi kǝla COVID-19 yen buro hawal ye ma dǝ fǝlezǝna shiltǝ pneumocytes ye, hyaline membrane formation, kuru interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, kuru multinucleated syncytial cells suro fufu dǝwo kam kwasa dǝ ye cezǝna yen, pathology zamtǝ kuli kwasabe dǝga kuru ARDS-a kuru jili am SARS-a MERS-a zamzǝna ye dǝga samǝn.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA dǝga asuta zawal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ne dǝn shima kaida kura wo ro faidatǝ kulashi COVID-19 ye tǝdo.
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
Adǝyeyi ma, (false-negative rate), nguwu dǝ ye sǝkǝ, shi dǝwo ne raksǝ kwasa dǝga sǝrayin, shaidawa litari ye kulashi dǝn faidatǝ baditǝna (shi dǝwo ne kǝrma dǝ RT-PCR runzǝ lang ro kǝrtǝyinmba) China lan yim February 13, 2020.
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
Hal jili adǝyeyi wazǝna kulashi SARS yen.
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
Adǝyeyi ma, tarihi kwasa ye, dalilla liyitariye, kulashi jim kulashi ye, dalilla fotoye-a, zauro faida na kulashi ngǝlama duwo yen.
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
Yim February 14, 2020, Feng Zhang group ye bayan fasal la ye nzundu CRISPR-based SHERLOCK lan faidatǝ SARS-CoV-2 asuta ro, shi dǝwo ne synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter input) ye son dipstick lan faidatǝ awa fal yin cidaan awo kuratǝgǝ ye mǝradǝzǝnyi ro.
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
Tǝmata, nzundu bǝlin dǝ raksǝ futu ajabba ro cidanzǝ dǝga ngalaunzǝyin sa litari men tawattǝgǝ ya.
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
Sawo CoV dǝga notǝna yen, liyitawa so bana cistǝgǝ ye bas am dǝwo COVID-19 ye zamzǝna dǝro sadin, sa kurunwa wa gade so jarabsain dǝn sandi dǝwo ne faidatǝna ma aw shawari tina ma kawu dǝro CoVs dǝ kuruntǝ ro aw SARS-CoV-a and MERS-CoV-a kuru kwasawa kuli kulimi gade so-a (Table (Table2).2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
Kurunwa adǝ Kurunwa kǝrmaro tǝdin-a fuwun tǝdǝn-a Kurunwa kuli kwasabe dǝ yen, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma na kam ngazǝna yen, Kurunwa China ye, kuru hangal kǝdistǝgǝ-a.
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
Plasma kam ngazǝna ye ma kurun ro faidatin ro shawari tina.
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
Kamfoniwa kurun tandoye so dǝ gaska sadin katenzan kǝla kurun-a kalimi-a kuli kwasabe dǝ ro matǝgǝ ro.
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 dǝ nguwu so ro fufu dǝ buron sǝtain daji kuru man waneyi kambayi ro kǝnduwuwa gade ACE2 sǝtain, alama zawal kalǝm ye -a kǝmadkǝn-a yeyi.
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
Son yayi, yintǝram Bannatǝ dǝ shima awo kura dǝwo kam dondi dǝro tajirwa kǝrmu-a suwudin wo.
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
Adǝ nankaro, bana yintǝram dǝ ro zauro faida alamawa kǝndondibe dǝ kambaitǝgǝ ro kuru ro wa yitka ro kuru suro dǝn general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, kuru invasive mechanical ventilation lǝatar kǝraw kwasa dǝ yen.
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
Am dondi dǝwo alamawa kǝndondi yintǝye zauwwa ma so dǝ sandiya extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) lan banatin, shima nzundu ǝdwo bǝlintǝgǝna ma cardiopulmonary bypass shi lan kurun kam zauro kǝraw ro kwasa yintǝ ye zamzǝna tǝdin.
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Ngawo adǝ yen, awo dǝwo ne shiro electrolyte balance dǝ fando ro, zamtǝ kǝn ndi me ye ro yitkawu-a ngatǝgǝ-a kura kwasa septic shock y-a, kuru cidawa kǝndǝwu kura kura so ye dǝga yitkaa dǝ am SARS-CoV-2 ye sǝtana dǝro zauro faida.
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
Asutǝna kǝla shi cytokine storm dǝ balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝye am SAR MERS-a zamzǝna tiyi ye dǝ wazǝna.
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
Cytokine storm dǝ shima futa la dǝwo cytokines suro dǝn TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1 tulo wa kǝllata.
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
Cytokines dǝ balimi tiyi ye dǝga sǝkǝ awo dǝwo ne shiro free radicals gultin dega nguwu ro sutuluyin kuru sandima ARDS kǝndǝwu Bannatǝ dǝga suwudin.
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
Immunosuppression dǝ zauro faida na cytokine storms kuruntǝgǝ ye dǝn, musamman ma ro am kǝraw ro zamzǝna dǝ.
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
Corticosteroids dǝga tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody dǝga, faidatǝna cytokine storm ngatuwu ro.
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Duno kamma fulutǝ dǝ shima cytokine storm ngatǝyin dǝ shima modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor cytokine ye-a signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Steroids, immunosuppressants yeyi ro, nguwu ro faidatǝna SARS kuruntǝ ro nǝm zaw futa ye dǝ fulutǝ ro.
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
Adǝyeyi ma, steroids nguwu ro gotǝ dǝ tuno fufuye kǝraw dǝro faidajin ba kam SARS -a COVID-19 ye sǝtana dǝro.
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
Susu dǝro, waneye illa kura saudin, musamman ma avascular osteonecrosis, prognosis dǝga lejin ma.
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Son yayi, corticosteroids gana gana kǝnjodǝ mǝradǝ-ata kam COVID-19 ye zamzǝna dǝro yo tǝrana.
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
Sa ruwo adǝ tǝdin dǝn, kwamison kurun kuli kwasabe la kǝzǝkkǝ ma tǝwandinyi.
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
Adǝyeyi ma, remdesivir zarro ikkodǝ, a nucleotide analog, dǝ kam America ye COVID-19 ye zamzǝna dǝro faidazǝna.
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
Remdesivir dǝ kurun bǝlin kuli kwasabe ye Gilead ye sǝtandǝna buro hawal yin kwasa Ebola ye-a kuli kwasabe Marlburg-a kuruntǝ ro.
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
Dare lan, remdesivir waltǝ kuli kwasabe gade RNA -a MERS-a SARS-a ro faidajin ro fǝletǝ.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
Dalil a adǝro, Gilead ye China ro fahm dǝga chaino kǝla am SARS-CoV-2- ye zamzǝna dǝn jarabtǝ ro, kuru jawaw dǝ ku so ro gǝretin.
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
Ngawo adǝyen, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin dǝ shawari tina kǝla kwasa yintǝ ye kǝraw ma dǝ ye kurun ro.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Shidada, karuwu lalam, fita, kǝntǝnu bannatǝ, kǝndondi la gade so wajin ngawo lopinavir/ritonavir faidatǝna yen.
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
Kurunwa adǝga kurun gade-a kǝltǝ kam dondi ro tina dǝro ngǝla ro hangal gǝnatǝ.
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
Plasma tiyi kam dondiyen gotǝna-a balimi tiyi ye-a
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
Tiyi kam la kwasa tartǝgǝyin ma ye sǝta ngazǝna yen bu gonǝm am gade jili kwasa shima dǝga ro kurun diwo aw am nǝlefa kwasa dǝn faitǝ ro dǝ zauro tussǝna.
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
Tawadǝro, am dǝwo ngazana so dǝ bunzan balimi kwasa dǝ kǝriwtǝ ye dǝ nguwu mbeji.
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
Duno tiyiye kwasa kǝriwuji so dǝ sandima immunoglobulin (Ig)ye sandiya sǝwudin kwasawa-a awowa gade kusotoa kǝriwtǝ ro kuru sandi dǝ awo musamman ye tiyi kwasa dǝ yen asuzaiyya dai tiinyi sha chemin.
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
Dalil adǝ nankaro, plasma gowotǝ suro bu am COVID-19 lan ngazana yen kuru tiyi am zauro dondi 10 ye ro tǝko.
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
Alamawa nza kǝndondibe dǝ suro awa 24 ye lan ngǝlawono, ngawo dǝn futa ye fuluwotǝ kuru kuli kwasabe dǝ ye fuluwotǝ kuru kasam gǝrtǝ ye ngǝlawono.
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
Adǝyeyi ma, tawattǝgǝ-a bayan-a dǝ zauro faida nzundu dǝn kǝla am nguwu yen faidatǝ ro shawari yo dǝ kawu kurun la musamman ye tǝnandin dǝro.
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
Ngawo adǝyen, kurun dǝro wutǝya, illawa la plasma dǝro kǝllatǝ dǝro hangal gǝnatǝ.
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
Misallo, balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe dǝwo antibodies gultin dǝ raksǝ duno tiyibe dǝga naa kozǝna ro gǝrǝbsǝyin kuru sǝkǝ cytokine release syndrome dǝ wajin, shi dǝwo ne anasku ro tajirwa ma.
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
Balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe dǝ suro bu dǝ ben nguwu so ro zauro gana, kuru mǝradǝ plasma ye dǝ nguwu Kam zauro dondi ngatǝgǝ ro.
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
Balimiwa kwasa kǝriwtǝybe tiyibe nagaduro tandǝm tuluwum kwasa dinalabe kǝriwtǝ dǝ zau.
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
Adǝ nankaro, B cells dǝ tiyi kam ngazǝna yen tulo dǝ shima ngalau kuru and identify the genetic codes encoding nzǝ dǝ effective antibonuyin aw sasǝrtin balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe ngalaw kuli kwasabe dǝga kǝriwtǝ ro.
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
Zawal adǝ men, rangye balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe dǝga nguwu ro tanden.
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
TCM dǝ faidatǝ shilan kwasa jili kada ngatǝgǝna lardǝ China ye lan saa duwu kada ro.
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
Adǝyeyi ma, faida nzǝ dǝ awowa kada kǝltǝ men kara shi dǝwo ne fafaltin ma lǝatar kulashi kwasa dǝ yen futu kaidawa TCM ye suwudǝnan ro
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
Awowa faida nguwu so notǝnyi aw asuta zaiwa sawo shi dǝ nzunnǝm tuluwum tawatta ro aw tuskanonzǝ haiyyabe dǝ notǝ ro zau.
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
Kǝrmaro, dalil kurun tǝanas ye COVID-19 ba dǝga, TCM dǝ shima am dondi dǝwo kwasanza kambayi aw dawu dawu ma so dǝro kurunjin wo aw am dǝwo zauro dondizan ngazana so ro.
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
Misallo, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules dǝ-a Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules dǝ-a dǝ COVID-19 dǝga ngazǝnyin ro asutuna.
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
Adadu nguwu am COVID-19 lan ngazana ye bǝlawa kada Chinabe lan turuna sandi dǝwo TCM lan faidatan kǝla 87% amnza dondi dǝ ye lan ma dǝ, dawudǝn Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), kuru Hunan (50%), amma bǝla Hubei ye dǝ, shi dǝwo ne TCM alama kashi 30% njong kǝla amnzǝ COVID-19 ye zamzǝna dǝn faidatǝna dǝ, adadu am ngazana ye zauro gana tuwondǝ (13%).
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
Adǝyeyi ma, adǝ ma adǝ Rataltǝgǝ sami samiye dalil dǝ awo fǝlejin ma kada alama adadu-a nǝm zau kam dondibe-a so dǝ kǝltǝnyi dǝro.
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
Yim February 18, 2020 lan, Boli Zhang-a Cidawu-a ye nazaru la lǝbsa satoluwuna kǝla kurun nasarabe (WM) tilonzǝ-a kurun WM-a TCM-a tuskata yen.
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
Sandi ye asuwada kǝla loktu dǝwo mǝradǝtǝna kǝla kawudo tiyibe fandoye, alamawa kǝndondibe ba ro waltǝ, kuru litarin buna-a ye dǝ gana WM+TCM dǝ lan kǝla WM runzǝ ye dǝ lan.
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
Awo kangurnobe dano, adadu nǝm kǝrawu alama kǝndondibe dǝ (kambayi lan cizǝ kǝraw ro waltǝ) dǝ zaumaro gana kashi WM+TCM ye dǝn kǝla WM runzǝ ye dǝ lan (7.4% versus 46.2%) kuru kǝrmu dǝ gana kashi WM+TCM ye dǝn kǝla MW runzǝ ye dǝn (8.8% versus 39%).
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
Son yayi, nǝm kǝzǝbkǝ-a nǝm nǝlefa-a TCM ye dǝ kwamison rizabtǝ dǝwo zauro hangal gǝnata ma-a nguwu ro kuru dawudiwa kada lan diwo mǝradǝzǝna.
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
Kurun TCM ye dega siffatǝ-a nzundu kǝndobe-a kuru nashanzǝ faida dǝga bayantǝ dǝ zauro tamtamma ro waljin.
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
Am dondi dǝwo COVID-19 ye zamzǝna ro tǝmatǝna so dǝ nguwu nza so karuwukam kwasa zauro tartǝgǝyin ma kuru tajirwa dǝye fǝlezain, kuru dǝwo kortǝna so dǝ ye kǝlan kowo, nǝm tilo, kuru gǝratǝ-a fǝlezain.
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
Adǝyeyi ma, alamawa kwasa dǝ be alama kange yeyi, tiyi lan kasam gana dǝwo sha hypoxia lan buwotin dǝyeyi, kuru nzasǝra yeyi, adǝyeyi ma awowa kurun dǝ ye suwudin so alama kǝnǝm ba yayi so shi dǝwo ne jili kurun corticosteroids ma dǝ ye suwudin so dǝ lezǝ karuwun kǝngai-a hangal bǝna ba -a ro sǝkin.
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
Sa badiyaram kwasa SARSbe dǝ fǝlangzǝna dǝn, kwasawa hangal wa lezǝna kada tuwondǝna, surodǝn karwuza kamtinmba so, karwunkǝngai so, karuwukam so, aw dǝwo ne shiro psychomotor excitement gultin iso, psychotic symptoms so, delirium so, kuru hatta kǝla yezo yeyi so tuwondǝna.
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
Mburo am letǝgǝna -a sursuri kǝnga-a kortǝ-a dǝ, nǝlefa jamaye banatǝ ye kǝla fǝlangtǝ COVID-19 ye dǝ ye falnzǝ, am so wa raksǝ karuwunkǝngai nguwuwa kuru kwasa dǝ tartǝgǝ dǝn biunza yeyi ro fanzain, kortǝ, kuru yallanza-a sawaanza-a njutu-a.
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
Adǝ nankaro, nǝlefa hangalbe ro cistuwu am COVID-19 ye zamzǝna, am zortǝna, kuru am dewo letaana-a kuru jama samma so kam dǝwo mǝradǝzǝna so ro tin.
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
Bana hangal kǝrdistǝgǝ ye dǝ suronzǝn cidawu nǝlefa hangal ye nasha kada wuzǝna ma kokta mbeji ro walzǝ, bayan farak-a kǝla-kǝlan bayan kǝla SARS-CoV-2 ye dǝn diwo-a, dawari kurun diwo ye-a karaiyya konnuyen zaman ye ilmu men faidatǝ-a wande am so dǝ kamanza ro fattanyi ro.
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
Kalimi ngǝla ma dǝ zauro faida kǝla tartǝgǝ dǝga na sabtǝram nzǝ dabbabe-a kam zamtǝna-a gǝnatǝmanzǝ-a yen sabtǝ dǝ kuru sandi nguwu so ro kurun kuli kwasabe ye dǝga banajin kwasa dinalabe dǝga katǝgǝ ro shi dǝwo ne kuliwa kwasabe bǝlin ro saluwin dǝ ye saudin so dǝ.
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
Kasadǝ tǝdǝna kǝla kalimi dǝwo ne shiro S protein-based gultin dǝ tando ro balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe dǝwo tusshin ma dǝ diwo ro kuru/aw balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe tiyibe dǝwo SARS-CoV kǝriwjin ma.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
Kalimi dǝwo duno kuli kwasabe dǝye cejin ma kǝla dabba yen jarabtǝna SARS ro.
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
Adǝyeyi ma, kalimi bǝlin ro asutuna adǝ cidanzǝ dǝwo ʻin vivo efficacyʻ lan buwotin dǝ suro am ngǝlinza lezǝna ye dǝn-a kuru fasal nǝm tajirwa asutaye-a kuru kuliwa kwasabe dǝwo Kate kate kam-a dabba-a yen tartǝgǝyin ma lan katǝgǝnza-a so dǝ kwamison asutǝnyi kawu nazaru liyitabe baditin dǝn.
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
Adǝ ye waneye SARS dǝ tǝn sa 17 kozǝna dǝn kono nankadǝro kuru hawar bǝlin ro falangzǝna ye gade tuwondǝnyi dǝro.
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
Rataltǝgǝ men, fǝlangtǝ MERS ye fal fal gozuwu kowono Middle East la dǝn kuru naa gade so ro tarratǝgǝ sawo fǝrtǝ kuliwa kwasabe dǝwo Kate kate am-a dabba-a yen tartǝgǝyin ma so dǝ bǝlawa dǝn mbeji yen.
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
Nzunduwa kalimibe tǝtandǝna MERS ro kuli kwasabe dunonzǝ tetǝna, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles kuru recombinant protein subunits-a men kuru la dǝ kǝla dabba yen jarabtǝna.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
Kurun kalimi ye dǝwo ngalau ma kǝla SARS-CoV-2 yen tando am tiynzan balimi kwasa kǝriwtǝbe dǝ ba ma so dǝro dǝ cida duwasashi ye ye kuru man zauro faida ye kwasa kǝrmaro tartǝgǝyin dǝga kaltǝge ro.
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
Adǝyeyi ma, kǝla kaziyi dǝ ye dǝ fando dǝ zaumaro zau sawo loktu kurùwu gojin dǝro (dawu dawu kǝntawu 18) mǝradǝtǝna kurun kalimibe tando ro kuru futu nagaduro CoVs dǝ tartǝgǝyin dǝro.
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
Futu kwasa bǝlin ye dǝyeyi, COVID-19 dǝ adǝma zawalnzǝ liyitariye cetro fǝletǝ bditǝnzǝ am dondi duwu kada men.
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
Nguwu so ro, am dondi so ila ilan ngazain alamaram ba ro.
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
Adǝyeyi ma, jili SARS-a MERS-a ye dǝyeyi, COVID-19 dǝ zamtǝ nguwu-a kǝrmu nguwu-a kǝllatǝ am kwasa kǝrawa so dǝro.
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
Adǝ nankaro, fasal la kawu awo wajin lan asuta ye kwasa dǝro tando dǝ zauro faida cidaram nǝlefabe so dǝye cidaanza so dǝga kartǝ ro, musamman ma ro naa dǝwo karaiyya cidabe kǝzǝbkǝ ba so la dǝn.
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
Lǝatar nazaru liyitabe men fǝlezǝna, awowa fuwu ye adǝ waneye awowa fuwun wajin am COVID-19 ye dǝga lejin aw leyata (Table(Table33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
Ngǝli: Ngǝli dǝ awo faida kura fal awowa fuwun wajin asutǝram ye SARS ye, adǝyeyi ma COVID-19 yen ngai.
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
COVID-19 dǝ nguwu so ro saa 30-65 lan wajin kuru kashi 47.7% am zamtǝna dǝ ye so saanza 50 samin suro nazaru kǝla am 8,866 yen tǝdǝna dǝyeyi futu samin bayantǝna dǝ yeyi.
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Am dondi dǝwo zauro cistuwu mǝradǝzana so dǝ sandima nawdu kǝndondi gade ye sǝtain wo kuru sandi dǝ zauro am mǝradǝzanyi dǝro kura wo (saa dawu dawu ye 66 versus 51), adǝyeyi fǝlejin ngǝli dǝ awowa fuwun wajin dǝ ye asuturam ye falnzǝ kǝla natija kam COVID-19 ye sǝtanaye.
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
Jinsu: SARS-CoV-2 dǝ kongaa ma nguwo ro zamzǝna wo kamuwa yayiro (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), futu samin bayantǝna dǝ yeyi.
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
Kwasa la gade caan mbeji ma-a zautǝ-a: am COVID-19 ye zamzǝna so dǝ kuru sandi dǝwo ne zauro cistuwu mǝradǝzana ma so dǝ sandima nguwu so ro kwasa karuwube-a kwasa dǝwo shiro arrhythmia gultin-a sǝtain wo.
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
Kwasa karuwube so dǝ sandima dalil kura kǝrmu am SARS ye sǝtana so ye wo.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
Hawar tuwondǝna kǝla SARS-CoV-2 dǝ raktǝ ACE2-positive cholangiocytes dǝga kǝltin, shi dǝwo ne kwasa kǝmatkǝn Bannatǝ ye ro fǝraksǝyin na am COVID-19 ye zamzǝna so yen.
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
Ngǝli-a kwasa la gade caan mbeji-a dǝ zauro kǝllata kuru kamanza lezain ro hangal gǝnatǝ zauro faida.
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
Kulashi la ajabba njim kulashibe ye fǝlezǝna: adadu awo dǝwo ne shiro C-reactive protein (CRP) gultin dǝ ye suro buye dǝ nǝm zau sǝrǝn ye fǝlejin aw tuno da tiyi ye kuru shi dǝ awowa fuwun wajin kwasabe ye asuturam nzǝ dǝ ye fal ro gotǝna, kurun fantǝ, kuru darenzǝ ngatǝ.
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
Alaka nǝm nguwu CRP ye nasha nǝm zau -a kuru awowa fuwun wajin COVID-19 ye shi ye kartǝna.
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
Ngawo adǝyen, awo dǝwo ne shiro elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), kuru creatine kinase (CK) so dǝ ye banazǝ dareram dǝ noyin.
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
Awowa dǝwo ne shiro enzymes sandiya zauro fǝletǝna suro kǝndǝwu kadaben, musamman ma ro suro karuwu-a kǝmatkǝn-a yen, kuru sa da bannatǝna dǝn sulin.
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
Ade nankaro, sandi dǝ alamawa kwasa karuwu-a kǝmatkǝn-a ye.
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
Alamawa kǝndondibe kura ma: Foto karuwuye-a alamawa kǝndondibe loktu ganabe-a ye tǝranzǝ dǝ shi-a lamarra gade-a kunten turu awo wajin dǝ-a zautǝ COVID-19 ye-a ro.
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
steroids lan faidatǝ: Futu samin bayantǝna dǝ yeyi, steroids so dǝ sandima awo shiro immunosuppressant gultin dǝ nguwu so ro sha kurun kǝn indimiye ro faidatin kwasawa tartǝgǝyin so ro nǝm zau sǝrǝn ye fulutǝ ro.
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
Tǝn sa corticosteroids nguwu ro am kada dǝwo SARS ye zauro zamzǝna ro tina dǝn, am ngazana nguwu so avascular osteonecrosis ye sandiya zǝksǝna nǝm maskin ngǝlinza ye ro kuru kǝnǝnga kuttu-a.
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
Adǝ nankaro, sa mǝradǝtiya, steroids dǝ gana ro kuru loktu gana ro faidatǝ kǝla am COVID-19 ye zamzǝna so ye dǝn.
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Hangalnza: Futu samin bayantǝna dǝ yeyi, sa COVID-19 falangzǝna dǝn am dondi kada hangalza naa kozǝna ye basarzǝna sawo nguwu so ro kortǝ loktu kurùwu yen nabsana kuru suro hal tawadǝ ba yen kuru yallanza so -a am dondi kallo kashuru-a babazana dǝ ye sǝkǝ.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Bana hangal kǝrdistǝgǝ ye kǝnjo dǝ zaumaro faida kuru bana loktu kurùwu ye-a am dondi adǝga bananǝm hangalza dǝn ngatǝ ro kuru kǝnǝnganza cabe ro waltǝgǝ ro.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
futu nazaru kǝla nǝm nguwu jamaben tǝdǝna dǝ yeyi fǝlezǝna, COVID-19 dǝ alama siffanzǝ dǝ jili SARS ye-a gade yeyi ro.
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
Zawal yintǝbe fufuye dǝn kawaktǝ dǝ dawun ba, SARS-CoV-2 dǝ raksǝ kalkal ro zawal yintǝram ye samiye dǝ yen kawaktin kuru alamawa cillu aw gana ma ba yayi ro waljin badiyaram zamtǝ ye dǝn, jili CoVs gade so dǝwo tantayi suwudin dǝ yeyi.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Adǝ nankaro, kam dǝwo zamzǝna dǝ badiyaram dǝn raksǝ kuli kwasabe kada sutuluyin suro cidawa kunbalin yen, sǝkǝ kwasa tartǝgǝyin ma dega kaltǝge dǝ zauro waljin.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Adǝyeyi ma, tartǝgǝ ro SARS-CoV ye dǝ sa kam zauro dondi lan tartǝgǝyin ro gotǝna, sa dǝwo tartǝgǝ nguwu so badiyaram dǝn waazǝnyi lan.
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Adǝ nankaro, falangtǝ COVID-19 ye kǝrmaye dǝ shima zauro zau wo ye kuru kaltǝge zauwwa wo ye kǝla falangtǝ SARS ye dǝro.
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Kasadǝ kura kǝrmaro ishinna kara China lan suronzǝn bǝla Wuhan ye dǝ-a bǝla mashi nzǝ-a zaktǝ so ye mbeji kuru am samma so wa kortǝ-a tartǝgǝ SARS-CoV-2 i dǝ rotǝ ro
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Son yayi adǝ kǝndo dǝ zauro lamar kasuwuye-a fella gade so-a lardǝye dǝ bannajin yayi, adadu am bǝlin ro zamtǝna ye dǝ fulutin, adǝ ye fǝlejin kǝla letǝ kwasa dǝ ye dǝ fulutǝna ro.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Tǝadir dǝwo her tǝmata dǝ shima fǝlangtǝ dǝ kǝntawu March ye dǝn dajin kuru gana gana men gǝretin dǝwo kǝntawu 3-4 ro lejin.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Adǝyeyi ma, ilmuwu la dǝ adǝyeyi ro tǝmazanyi
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, et al., So ye isau nzan COVID-19 dǝ, Shi dǝwo ne alama zauro SARS-a tartǝgǝyin kozǝna ma dǝ, suro saa 2020 yen dajimba wada.