atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Since COVID-19 shows similarities to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it is likely that their effect on pregnancy are similar.
COVID-19 ye nəm samun SARS-CoV-a MERS-CoV-a fəlejin daa, futu surowa lezayin dəye mowonzə samun ro waljin.
Four of seven had first trimester miscarriage, two of five had fetal growth restriction in the second trimester, and four of five had preterm birth.
Diyeu suro tulurbe lan suro kəntagə yakkə burobe lan suronza fiyatə, indi suro uwube lan wuratə baa tada surobe sandiya cuwando suro kəntagəwa yakkə kən indime dən, kuru diyeu suro uwuben kau sartənza wo ro ceshambo.
None of the newborns were infected with SARS-CoV.
Nduli kəli tambo bəlinna də falnza ma SARS-CoV ye sandiya sətana ba.
A report of ten cases of MERS- CoV infection in pregnancy in Saudi Arabia showed that the clinical presentation is variable, from mild to severe infection.
Bayan kessa kwasa MERS-CoVye sandi meu Saudi Arabiaye fəlezəna kwasa də tiyi ndu ye son gade gade, gana ngalau lan səta zauro zau ro saadəna.
The outcome was favorable in a majority of the cases, but the infant death rate was 27%.A recent review suggested that COVID-19 appeared to be less lethal to mothers and infants than SARS and MERS but that there may be an increased risk of preterm birth after 28 weeks' gestation.
Tamoram də kessa ngəwu son kəji, amma kərmu tada kəlibe də ci 27% ma sətəna. Nazaru laa karungu ro tədəna ye fəlezəna COVID-19 də shima kamuwa-a nduli-a cejimba wo SARS-a MERS-a ro wungəmmiya, amma fujiwo kura kawu sartə wo ro yembo ye mbeji ngawo magə 28 kozəna yen.
The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States advises pregnant women to do the same things as the general public to avoid infection, such as covering cough, avoid interacting with sick people, cleaning hands with soap and water or sanitizer.
"World Health Organization-a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" lardə United States be dəye kamuwa surowa'a galazəna awowa jama meuye sadin də sandiye sadə kwasa də gotə ro katə nanka ro, misal ro kasau zaktə so, am dondi-a mu'amala dio ro katə so, mukko shawul-a nji-a lan tultə au awo mukko cintabe lan cintə so.
A survey conducted in Shanghai among pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy identified a strong demand for online access to health information and services.
Sofiyo laa Shanghai lan dawu kamuwa surowa suro kəntagəwa gade gadeyen tədəna dəye məradə dunowa bayanna nəlewabe-a cidawa-a kəla intanetyen fando ye foduzəna.
People expecting their first baby were more willing to have online consultation and guidance than who had previously given birth.The RCOG and RCM recommend that in-person appointments be deferred by 7 days after the start of symptoms of COVID-19 or 14 days if another person in the household has symptoms.
Am tadanza buro salakye təmazana də sandima zauro kasatsa kaala-a kashimo-a kəla intanet samoyin wo am buron sasambəna yaye ro. RCOG-a RCM-a ye shawari sadəna "appointment" au wadə kurube də kamye ngəmzəla ro sədəna də gərtəgə kau 7 ngawo alamawa COVID-19be badizənayen ro au kau 14 ro sa kam laa suro fatoyen alamawa fəlejiya.
Fever subsequently developed in three asymptomatic patients.
Am tiyinzan alamawa ba yakkəye kange fantə badiyada.
One patient who had tested negative subsequently became symptomatic postpartum and tested positive three days after the initial negative test.
Kam fal ngalnzəye tiyinzən ba fəlezəna də isə alamawa fəletə badiyono kuru ngawo kau yakkə ngal burobe ye dən sha ngallada nya tiyinzən mbeji ro wallono.
The doctors conducting the screening recommended that in order to reduce infection and allocate PPE, due to high numbers of patients presenting as asymptomatic, universal screening of pregnant patients should be conducted.
Liyitawa do səkirinin sadin dəye shawari sadəna kwasa dəye amma kənta fulutu-a kuru PPE ammo yio-a, adadu am alamawa fəlezayimba ye nəm ngəwunzaye səkkə, səkrinin am dondi surowa dunya samma son tədəna ma ngəlawo.
They also suggest that people with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should have continuous electronic fetal monitoring.
Sandiye kuru shawari sadəna am COVID-19 sandiro təmatəgəna au tawattəgəna so də ninita tada surobe awo lantərkibe yen tədin də sambi so ro sadə sana.
The use of birthing pools is not recommended for suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 due to the risk of infection via faeces.
"Birthing pool" au suro njiyen yembo dǝ waata lamarra COVID-19be tǝmatǝgǝna au tawattǝgǝna ro dalil nzǝ dǝ fujiwo bǝli men kwasa gotabe mbeji.
In the UK, official recommendations state that precautionary separation of a mother and a healthy baby should not be undertaken lightly and that they should be kept together in the postpartum period where neonatal care is not required.Literature from China recommended separation of infected mothers from babies for 14 days.
UK lan, amariwa ofisbe ye wono, ya-a tadanzǝ kǝlwa-a yektǝ dǝ wande suli ro gotǝnyi, kuru na fal lan sandiya rotǝ sa adǝma kǝnzambi tuwandǝna dǝn, loktu doni cistǝgǝ ngawo kǝnzambi ye mǝradǝtǝnyi dǝn. Kǝra Chinabe laa ye amari ya'a dondi so-a ndulinza so-a kau 14 ro yektǝbe cina.
In the US there is also the recommendation that newborns and mothers should be temporarily separated until transmission-based precautions are discontinued, and that where this is not possible the newborn should be kept 2 metres away from the mother.
US la yen amari au shawari nduli kǝli tambo bǝlinna so-a yanza so-a loktu gana laa ro yektǝbe mbeji hatta katapwa wande kam ro faltǝgǝnyi ro gotǝna dǝ rotiya do, kuru na adǝgai dǝ mowonjimba lan tada tambo bǝlinna dǝ mita indi kate sha yanzǝ'a yen mbeji do gǝnatǝ.
b'COVID-19 surveillance involves monitoring the spread of the coronavirus disease in order to establish the patterns of disease progression.
b'COVID-19 ro shim ikkoye suron mbeji tartǝgǝ koronabairos be dǝ ninitǝgǝ sau duluwu kwasa dǝ fuwujinye dǝ notǝ ro.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active surveillance, with focus of case finding, testing and contact tracing in all transmission scenarios.
Karapka Nǝlewabe Dunyabe (WHO)ye shawari au amari shim ikko zazzauwwa ye cina, hangal lamarra au kessa fando-a, ngal dio-a kuru am kam dondiye letǝgǝna manǝm fando-a na faltǝgǝ wakajin wo son.
COVID-19 surveillance is expected to monitor epidemiological trends, rapidly detect new cases, and based on this information, provide epidemiological information to conduct risk assessment and guide disease preparedness.
COVID-19 ro shim ikko dǝ wawa be fuwutǝ ninizǝyin, lamarra au kessa bǝlin duwa ro fodujin, kuru bayan shima dǝ futa men, bayan kǝla wawaben ci fujiwowa kulastǝ kuru kwasa ro dawartǝ shimojin ro tǝmatǝna.
Syndromic surveillance is done based on the symptoms of an individual that corresponds to COVID-19.
Shim ikko halla kwasabe ro wutǝgǝ men tǝdin dǝ alamawa kam laa fal ye fǝlezǝna COVID-19'a kalkalzǝna ro wutǝgǝ men tǝdin.
As of March 2020, the WHO recommends the following case definitions:
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe saa 2020be lan, WHOye ma'anawa lamarrabe anyi shawari au amari cina:
Probable case : "A suspect case for whom testing for the COVID-19 virus is inconclusive" OR "a suspect case for whom testing could not be performed for any reason".
Lamar tǝmatǝna: "Lamar tǝnatǝgǝna ma doni ngal kuli kwasa COVID-19be tǝdǝna dǝ tamotǝnyi" AU "lamar tǝmatǝgǝna do dalil laaye sǝkkǝ ngal mowonzǝ tǝdin ba ma".
Confirmed case: "A person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of clinical signs and symptoms".
Lamar tawattǝgǝna ma: "Kam do njim ngalbe lan tiyinzǝn kwasa COVID-19be mbeji ro tawattǝgǝna ma, alamawa kwasabe au nǝm dondibe mbeji au ba yaye".
Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case;
Daata ro lamar tǝmatǝgǝna au tawattǝgǝna-a leta;
Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper personal protective equipment;
Daata ro kam dondi kwasa COVID-19be tǝmatǝgǝna au tawattǝgǝna ro cistaa karewa cidabe kǝla yitkawobe ngǝla faidatǝ ba lan;
Other situations as indicated by local risk assessments".WHO recommends reporting of probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection within 48 hours of identification.
Kǝndawa gade so futu kulashi fujiwobe fato'be ye fǝlezǝna ro". WHOye shawari lamar kwasa COVID-19be tǝmatǝna-a tawattǝgǝna-a suro awa 48ben sa fodutiya ngadartǝye cina.
The countries should report on a case-by-case basis as far as possible, but in case of limitation in resources, aggregate weekly reporting is also possible.
Lardǝwa dǝ lamar-lamar (case-by-case) ro bayan sadǝ futu mowonjin ro, amma sa mbautǝ karewa cidabe wakajiya, bayan magǝbe samnǝm dio ye mowonjin.
Some organizations have created crowdsourced apps for syndromic surveillance, where people can report their symptoms to help researchers map areas with concentration of COVID-19 symptoms.
Karapkawa laaye nazǝmuwa am alamawa kwasabe-a ro shim ikkobe satandǝna, na do am soye raksa alamawanzaye bayan sadǝ daji kulashiwu'a banaza na alamawa COVID-19be ngǝwu'a nozayin au kurzayin.
Virological surveillance is done by using molecular tests for COVID-19.
Shim ikko kuli kwasabe'a leyata dǝ ngal shiro "molecular test" sayin dǝ dio men tǝdin.
WHO has published resources for laboratories on how to perform testing for COVID-19.
WHOye karewa kǝla futu ngal COVID-19be tǝdin yen na'a ngal diobe ro baksǝ cina.
In the European Union, laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 are reported within 24 hours of identification.
European Union au Majalis Lardǝwa Europebe lan, lamarra COVID-19be njim ngalbe lan tawattǝgǝna dǝ suro awa 24 bayantin ngawo asutǝna yen.
At least 24 countries have established digital surveillance of their citizens.
Gananzǝ yaye lardǝwa 24 am nzǝ ro shim ikko nzundu zamanbe shiro "digital surveiance" sayin dǝ dio koksǝna.
The digital surveillance technologies include apps, location data and electronic tags.
Nzunduwa zamanbe shim ikkobe dijitalbe ye suron nazǝmuwa au apps'a so, sapsawi bayanbe na dǝgammabe-a kuru awo shi ro "electronic tag" sayin dǝ'a samma mbeji.
The Center For Disease Control and Prevention in USA tracks the travel information of individuals using airline passenger data.
Cidaram kwasa notobe-a kaltǝgǝbe-a USAbe dǝye bayan bǝlagurobe amma na kamfani lenǝm are maara samibe men zǝgayin.
In Hong Kong, authorities are requiring a bracelet and an app for all travellers.
Hong Kong lan, huwuma'aye bǝlagurowu samma so ro awo mukko ro jero be-a "app"-a mazayin.
A GPS app is used to track the locations of individuals in South Korea to ensure against quarantine breach, sending alerts to the user and to authorities if people leave designated areas.
South Korea lan manhaj GPS be faidatana na am so dasaana zasa'ain wande na sandiya ruwunza ro kortǝna kolzanyi ro tawattǝgǝ nankaro, kam faidatǝma-a huwuma-a ye hangal gerjin sa na gultǝna dǝ koltiya.
In Singapore, individuals have to report their locations with photographic proof.
Singapore lan, am soye na dasaana shada fotobe'a ro bayanzayin.
Thailand is using an app and SIM cards for all travelers to enforce their quarantine.
Thailand ye manhaj au app-a SIM kat-a faidatǝna bǝlagurowu samma so ro sandiya ruwunza ro kortǝ duno'atǝgǝ ro.
Human rights organizations have criticized some of these measures, asking the governments not to use the pandemic as a cover to introduce invasive digital surveillance.
Karapkawa hakku adammanabe so laa ye katappa anyi ye laanza dǝ bassana, gomnatwa ro longorotaana wande wawa dǝ faidata am ro shim ikko dijital ye sakkǝnyi ro.
b'A COVID-19 vaccine is a hypothetical vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
b'A COVID-19 dǝ kalimi do tǝmatǝna kwasa koronabairos 2019be (COVID-19) kǝriujin ro.
Although no vaccine has completed clinical trials, there are multiple attempts in progress to develop such a vaccine.
Kalimi wi ma jarabtǝwa litaribe tamozǝna ba yaye, kalimi jili adǝ tando nankaro jarabtǝwa kada tǝdin kǝrmaaro.
In late February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) said it did not expect a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus, to become available in less than 18 months.
Datǝgǝram kǝntagǝ Februarybe saa 2020be lan, WHO ye kalimi SARS-CoV-2be mbeji ro waljin ro tǝmazǝnyi kǝntagǝ 18 ro gana wo lan wono.
Five vaccine candidates were in Phase I safety studies in April.
Kalimiwa uwu katap kǝra nǝlewabe kǝn I me lan kashuru suro kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan.
COVID-19 was identified in December 2019.
COVID-19 dǝ suro kǝntagǝ December saa 2019be lan asuwatǝ.
A major outbreak spread around the world in 2020, leading to considerable investment and research activity to develop a vaccine.
Fǝlangno kura dunya samma so ro tarratǝgǝ suro saa 2020be lan, adǝye sǝkkǝ kunguna ngǝwu-a cidawa kulashibe-a nasha kalimi tando ye ro gaana.
Many organizations are using published genomes to develop possible vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Karapkawa kada "published genomes" faidatana kalimiwa SARS-CoV-2ye mowonjin ma tando ro.
Stated in April, imperatives of the CEPI initiative for vaccine development are speed, manufacturing capacity, deployment at scale, and global access.
Kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan gultǝna, awowa CEPI initiatives ro mbu ro walzǝna nasha kalimi tando ye dǝ sandi ma nǝm duwa, raktǝ tandobe-a, na mǝradǝtǝna ro zutǝgǝ-a, kuru dunya samma soye fando-a.
In April, CEPI scientists reported that 10 different technology platforms were under research and development during early 2020 to create an effective vaccine against COVID-19.
Kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan, ilmuwu CEPI ye bayan sadǝna ngǝrwowa nzundu zamanbe gade gade 10 cidiya kulashi-a ngalwotǝgǝ-ayen kasharu badiyaram saa 2020be lan, kalimi COVID-19be faidajin ma tando ro.
Major platform targets advanced into Phase I safety studies include:
Ngǝrwowa kura kura so fuwuza kǝrawa nǝlewabe katap I be ro kozanaye suron:
nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: Moderna, mRNA-1273)
awo shiro "nucleic acid (DNA-a RNA-a) (Katap I tandoma-a kalimi-a ye "candidate": Moderna, mRNA-1273)
viral vector (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: CanSino Biologics, adenovirus type 5 vector)
viral vector (Phase I developer and vaccine candidate: CanSino Biologics, adenovirus type 5 vector)
As reported by CEPI scientists in April, 115 total vaccine candidates are in early stages of development, with 78 confirmed as active projects (79, according to the Milken Institute), and 37 others announced, but with little public information available (presumed to be in planning or being designed).
Futu ilmuwu CEPI ye suro kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan bayanzana yedei, "candidate"wa kalimibe adadunza 115 suro katappa ngalwotǝgǝ burobe lan kasharu, suro dǝn sandi 78 cidawa tedin ro tawattǝgǝna (79 gultǝ Milken Institutebe lan), kuru sandi 38 gadé warmatǝna, amma bayan jama meu ye gana'a (suro dawari be lan au tando lan ro tǝmatǝgǝna)
A Phase I-II trial conducts preliminary safety and immunogenicity testing, is typically randomized, placebo-controlled, and at multiple sites, while determining more precise, effective doses.
Jarabtǝ katap I-II be dǝ jarabtǝ badiyarambe nzǝliwobe-a "immunogenicity"be-a sǝdin, fasal ba'aye, kurun au kurun dio nadibe lan tunotin, kuru na'a kadan, sa nǝm ngǝwu faidajin ma tawadǝ'a asutin lan.
Phase III trials typically involve more participants, including a control group, and test effectiveness of the vaccine to prevent the disease, while monitoring for adverse effects at the optimal dose.
Jarabtǝwa kǝn III me dǝ rǝbtǝwu ngǝwu suronzǝn mbeji, suro dǝn "control group" mbeji, kuru nǝm ngǝla au faidatǝ kalimi dǝye nasha kwasa dǝ faitǝyen ngaltǝ turin, kuru sa shima dǝn tamoramwa waata sa kurun dǝ gotiya wakajin so dǝ ninitǝyin lan.
Of 79 vaccine candidates in active development (confirmed as of early April 2020), 74 were not yet in human evaluation (still in "preclinical" research).
Suro kalimiwa 79 tando tǝdinye lan (badiyaram kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan tawatkatǝgǝ), sandi 74 kuwa yaye tiyi adammanaben nazaru dio sowandanyi (kuwa yaye kulashi "preclinica"be lan kasharu).
Around 24 January 2020 in Australia, the University of Queensland announced that it is investigating the potential of a molecular clamp vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins in order to stimulate an immune reaction.
Kǝntagǝ Januarybe kaunzǝ 24 saa 2020 yedei Australia lan, Jami'a Queenslandbe ye kulashi kǝla kalimi do shiro "molecular clamp" sayin d tandoyen mauzǝna, kalimi adǝ "viral proteins" faljin jawawu kǝla faitǝbe na kuli kwasaben fando nanka ro.
Around 24 January 2020 in Canada, the International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac) at the University of Saskatchewan announced the commencement of work on a vaccine, aiming to start human testing in 2021.
Kǝntagǝ Januarybe kaunzǝ 24 saa 2020b lan lardǝ Canadabe lan,"the international vaccine center (VIDO-intervac)" jaami'a Saskatchewanbe lan, cida kǝla kalimi yen baditin sǝ warmazǝna, kuru saa 2021nna lan kǝla adammanabe lan jarabtǝ baditin.
Vaccine development projects were announced at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 26 January 2020, and the University of Hong Kong on 28 January.
Cidawa kalimi tandobe dǝ Cidaram kwasa notobe-a faitǝbe-a lardǝ Chinabe ye kǝntagǝ Januarybe kaunzǝ 26nna warma'ano, kuru jami'a Hong Kongbe ye kǝntagǝ Januarybe kaunzǝ 28nna warma'ano.
Around 29 January 2020, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, led by Hanneke Schuitemaker, announced that it had begun work on developing a vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Januarybe kaunzǝ 29 saa 2020 yedei lan, "Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies", do kura nzǝ Hanneke Schuitemaker dǝ ye cida kǝla kalimi tandobe yen badizana sǝ warmazǝna.
Janssen is co-developing an oral vaccine with its biotechnology partner, Vaxart.
Janssen dǝ sha sawanzu "biotechnology"be Vaxart-a mukko kǝlzana rokko kalimi ci ro koltǝgǝ ye satandin.
On 18 March 2020, Emergent BioSolutions announced a manufacturing partnership with Vaxart to develop the vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 18 saa 2020be lan, kamfani "Emergent Biosolutions"be ngawana kǝl ndi kate sha Vaxart-a yen sadǝna kalimi dǝ tando ro.
On 8 February 2020, the laboratory OncoGen in Romania published a paper on the design of a vaccine with similar technology to the one used for cancer neoantigen vaccination therapy.
Kǝntagǝ February be kaunzǝ 8 saa 2020be lan, njim ngal diobe au lab shiro OncoGen" sayin dǝ kakkadi ilmube baksǝ sutuluna kǝla futu kalimi dǝ nzundu zamanbe shilan "cancer neoantigen vaccination theraphy" tǝnandin-a samun faidatǝ kalimi dǝ tǝnandin.
On 25 March the head of the research institute announced that they had finalized the synthesis of the vaccine and were beginning the tests.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 25'a kura cidaram kulashibe ye sasǝrtǝ kalimi dǝ ye ba tamozana kuru jarabtǝwa baditin.
On 27 February 2020, a Generex subsidiary company, NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology, announced they were beginning a vaccine project to create an Ii-Key peptide vaccine against COVID-19.
Kǝntagǝ Februarybe kaunzǝ 27 saa 2020be lan, komfani "Generex subsidiary"be shiro"NuGenerex immunooncology"dǝye cida kalimi "li-Key peptide vaccine" COVID-19be tando badijin sǝ warmazǝna.
They wanted to produce a vaccine candidate that could be tested in humans "within 90 days."
Sandiye kalimi do tiyi adammana soyen mowonzǝ "suro kau 90ben" jarabtin ma satandiya sara'a.
On 5 March 2020, Washington University in St. Louis announced its projects to develop a vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 5 saa 2020be lan, jami'a Washingtonbe St. Louisye dǝye cidanzǝ kalimi tandobe dǝ warma'ano.
On 5 March 2020, the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command at Fort Detrick and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Silver Spring, both in western Maryland, announced they were working on a vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 5 saa 2020be lan, Kulashi nasha liyitabe Askǝrra United Statesbe-a "Material Command"-a Fort Detrickbe dǝ-a kuru ''Walter Reed Army Institute of Research" Silver Springbe-a, indi so fǝte Maryland be lan, kalimiye kǝlan cida sadin sa warmazaana.
Around 10 March 2020, Emergent Biosolutions announced that it had teamed with Novavax Inc.
Kate kate kǝnyagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 10 saa 2020be lan, "Emergent Biosolutions" ye sha "Novavax Inc.-a mukko kǝlzana sǝ warmazǝna.
in the development and manufacture of a vaccine.
Kalimi tando fuwutǝ kuru tando-a ro.
The partners further announced plans for preclinical testing and a Phase I clinical trial by July 2020.
Sandiye kuru dawariwa jarabtǝ kau litari wo ro-a kuru jarabtǝ litaribe katap kǝn I me-a kǝntagǝ July saa 2020be lan warmazana.
On 12 March 2020, India's Health Ministry announced they are working with 11 isolates, and that even on a fast track it would take at least around one-and-a-half to two years to develop a vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 12 saa 2020be'a, Cidaram Nǝlewabe Indiaye wono kǝla awowa laa sutuluunayen cidajin, kuru dai dai ro sadin yaye saa fal reta-a au indi sǝdin kau kalimi satandin dǝ ro.
On 12 March 2020, Medicago, a biotechnology company in Quebec City, Quebec, reported development of a coronavirus-like particle under partial funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 2020ba lan, Medicago, kamfani "biotechnology" Quebec City, Quebec lan, bayan cina kǝla awo aa koronabairos'a samun satandǝna kunguna yezo "Canadian Institutes for Health Research" be lan.
The vaccine candidate is in laboratory research, with human testing planned for July or August 2020.
Kalimi tǝnandiya tǝraana dǝ lab lan kulastǝ tǝdin, tiyi adammanben jarabtǝ kǝntagǝ July au August be lan diobe dawari tǝdinna ro.
Earlier that week, The Guardian reported that the US President Donald Trump had offered CureVac "'large sums of money' for exclusive access to a Covid-19 vaccine", against which the German government protested.
Magǝ shima dǝn, jerida "The guardian"be hawar cina kura lardǝ USbe Donald Trumpye kamfani "CureVac" ro kunguna ngǝwu cina kalimi COVID_19be daata ro fando nankaro, kǝla adǝyen gomnati Germanybe kasada baanzǝ fǝlezǝna.
On 17 March 2020, American pharmaceutical company Pfizer announced a partnership with German company BioNTech to jointly develop a mRNA-based vaccine.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 17 saa 2020be lan, kamfani kurun baktabe Americabe Pfizer ye kamfani Germanybe BioNTech'a mukko kǝlza kalimi "mRNA-based" satandin sa warmazana.
mRNA-based vaccine candidate BNT162, currently in pre-clinical testing with clinical trials expected to begin in April 2020.
Kalimi "mRNA-based" shiro BNT162 sayin kǝrmaaro jarabtǝ kau litari yero lan daana dǝ, jarabtǝwa litaribe suro kǝntagǝ Aprilbe lan baditin ro tǝmatǝna.
In Italy on 17 March 2020, Takis Biotech, an Italian biotech company announced they will have pre-clinical testing results in April 2020 and their final vaccine candidate could begin human testing by fall.
Italy lan kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 17 saa 2020 lan, "Takis Biotech", kamfani au sanyiyaram biotechbe Italy ye tamoramwa jarabtǝwa kau litari yero suro kǝntagǝ Aprilbe saa 2020be lan tuwandin sa warmazana kuru kaliminza dǝ adammana so lan jaarabtin suro biyila yen.
In France on 19 March 2020, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced a US$4.9 million investment in a COVID-19 vaccine research consortium involving the Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), and the University of Pittsburgh, bringing CEPI's total investment in COVID-19 vaccine development to US$29 million.
France lan kǝntagǝ Marchbe saa 2020be lan, "the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)" ye kunguna dola miliyon US$4.9 kulashi kalimi COVID-19be ro cejin sǝ warmazǝna, kulashi dǝ suro dǝn "Institut Pasteur, Themis Bioscience (Vienna, Austria), kuru jami'a Pittsburghbe" mbeji, adadu kunguna do CEPI ye kǝla kalimi COVID-19be tandoyen cezǝna dola miliyon US$29 ro suwudin.
CEPI's other investment partners for COVID-19 vaccine development are Moderna, Curevac, Inovio, Novavax, the University of Hong Kong, the University of Oxford, and the University of Queensland.
CEPI ye ngawana kǝl kalimi COVID-19be tandoyen kamfaniwa sadǝna sandima Moderna-a, Curevac-a, Inovio-a, Novavax-a, jami'a Hong Kongbe-a, jami'a Oxfordbe-a,kuru jami'a Queenslandbe-a.
On 20 March 2020, Russian health officials announced that scientists have begun animal testing of six different vaccine candidates.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 20 saa 2020 lan, cidawu nǝlewabe Russiabe warmazana ilmuwunza ye dabbawa lan kalimi gade gade 6 jarabtǝ dio badizana.
Imperial College London researchers announced on 20 March 2020 that they are developing a self-amplifying RNA vaccine for COVID-19.
Kulashiwu "Imperial College London"be kǝntagǝ Marchbe kaunzǝ 20 saa 2020be'a sandiye kalimi COVID-19be 'self-amplifying RNA vaccin' tando sadin sa warmazana.
The vaccine candidate was developed within 14 days of receiving the sequence from China.
Kalimi dǝ suro kau 14yen ngalwoja ngawo na China be lan "sequence"nzǝ sowandanayen.
In late March, the Canadian government announced C$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian companies and universities, such as the Medicago and University of Saskatchewan initiatives.
Datǝgǝram kǝntagǝ Marchbe lan, gomnati Canadabe dolanza miliyon 275 kulashiwa sandi 96 kǝla duluwuwa liyitabe COVID-19 kǝriutǝyen cejin sǝ warmazǝna, kalimiwa tando tǝdin ma kada kamfaniwa-a jami-awa Canadabe kunten, misal ro "Medicago-a Jami'a Saskatchewan"be -a.
Around the same time, the Canadian government announced C$192 million specifically for developing a COVID-19 vaccine, with plans to establish a national "vaccine bank" of several new vaccines that could be used if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Kate loktu shima dǝyen, gomnati Canadabe ye dola Canadabe miliyon 192 kalimi tando ro taganas ro cejin sǝ warmazǝna, dawari "bankǝ kalimibe" kalimiwa bǝlin kadabe koktabe'a, shi doni mowonzǝ faidatin ma sa fǝlangno koronabairosbe waltǝ wakajiya.
On 2 April 2020, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine reported on testing of PittCoVacc, a possible COVID-19 vaccine in mice, stating that "MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit vaccines elicited potent antigen-specific antibody responses [in the mice] that were evident beginning 2 weeks after immunization."
Kǝntagǝ Aprilbe kaunzǝ 2 saa 2020be lan, kulashiwu jami'a Pittsburgh School of Medicine"beye bayan sadǝna kǝla jarabtǝ PittCoVacc be yen, kalimi COVID_19be julwa sobe tǝmatǝna ma, gultǝnza lan kalimiwa "MNA delivered SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit" dǝ "antigen specific antibody responses" dunoa fǝlezǝna (tiyi julwa soyen) sandi do ngawo magǝ indi yen fǝletǝ badijin ma.
In Canada on 16 April 2020, the University of Waterloo School of Pharmacy announced design of a DNA-based vaccine candidate as a possible nasal spray.
Kǝntagǝ Aprilbe kaunzǝ 16 saa 2020be Canada lan, jami'a Waterloo School of Pharmacy"ye kalimi "DNA-based" tando warmazana naptǝ awo kǝnza ro fǝttǝgǝye lan.
Using bacteriophages, the DNA will be designed to replicate inside human bacteria to produce harmless virus-like particles, which may stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
"Bacteriophages" faidatǝ men, DNA dǝ sha futu tǝnandǝna dǝ suro kulitiyi adammanabe lan ngǝwuzǝ awowa kuli kwasabe yedei daji sǝtandin, daji adǝye sǝkkǝ nzundu kwasa kǝriutǝbe tiyibe askǝrranzǝ au "antibodies" sǝtandǝ SARS-CoV-2 dǝ'a kǝriujin.
In March 2020, the US government, industry, and three universities pooled resources to access supercomputers from IBM, combined with cloud computing resources from Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google.
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe saa 2020be lan, gomnati USbe-a, sanyiyaram-a, kuru jami'awa yakkǝ-a razuwwanza na fal ro kǝlza kompiutawa IBMbe kura kura-a kururazuwwa "cloud computing"be Hewlett Packard Enterprise-a, Amazon-a, Microsoft-a, Google-a be faidatǝ fando ro.
Some vaccines have heterologous effects, also called non-specific effects.
Kalimiwa laa dǝ awo shiro "heterologous effect" sayin dǝ sandi lan mbeji, shi doni faidawa taganasbe gǝnyi lan noata ma dǝ.
That means they can have benefits beyond the disease they prevent.
Adǝ ma'ananzǝ shima kwasawa faizayin dǝn kasǝn awo gade soye ro faidazain.
A further randomized trial in Australia is seeking to enrol 4,170 healthcare workers.
Jarabtǝ laa Australiabe ye cidawu nǝlewabe sandi 4,170 cida ro gojiya sǝraa.
It is possible vaccines in development will not be safe or effective.
Kalimiwa tando tǝdin dǝ faidazayimba au faidatǝnza illa-a yaye ro waljin.
Early research to assess vaccine efficacy using COVID-19-specific animal models, such as ACE2-transgenic mice, other laboratory animals, and non-human primates, indicate a need for biosafety-level 3 containment measures for handling live viruses, and international coordination to ensure standardized safety procedures.
Kulashiwa datebe faida kalimibe kulastabe dabbawa COVID-19 ro taganas ro faidatin ma, misal ro julwa shiro "ACE2-transgenic mice" sayin dǝ-a, dabbawa labye gade so-a bǝli mangowa kura kura so-a ye mǝradǝ katappa "biosafety-level 3 containment" fǝlezǝna kuliwa kwasabe noto nankaro, kuru fasal dunyabe tawattǝgǝ ro duluwuwa nzǝliwobe dunyabekǝnga ro.
Vaccines against SARS and MERS have been tested in non-human animal models.
Kalimi SARS-a MERS-a ye kǝla dabbawa gade yen jarabtǝna.
As of 2020, there is no cure or protective vaccine for SARS that has been shown to be both safe and effective in humans.
Saa 2020be lan, kurun au kalimi nzǝtkawobe SARSbe ba shi doni adammana soro nzǝliwo-aye kuru faidajinye.
According to research papers published in 2005 and 2006, the identification and development of novel vaccines and medicines to treat SARS was a priority for governments and public health agencies around the world.There is also no proven vaccine against MERS.
Kakkadiwa kulashibe saa 2005-a 2006-a lan baktǝnaye wono, kalimiwa bǝlin-a kurunna SARSye asutǝ-a tando-a dǝ awo kǝla gomnati-a cidaramwa nǝlewabe jamabe-a ye kǝlan mbu dunya samma son. Adǝgaima kalimi MERSbe tawattǝgǝna ma ba.
When MERS became prevalent, it was believed that existing SARS research may provide a useful template for developing vaccines and therapeutics against a MERS-CoV infection.
Sa MERS ngǝwuzǝna dǝn, kulashiwa SARSbe caman mbeji dǝ faidajin ro gotǝna nasha kaliminzǝ tando-a kuru kurunna kwasa MERS-CoVbe tando-a yen.
As of March 2020, there was one (DNA based) MERS vaccine which completed phase I clinical trials in humans, and three others in progress, all of which are viral-vectored vaccines, two adenoviral-vectored (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac), and one MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
Kǝntagǝ Marchbe saa 2020be lan, kalimi MERSbe (DNA based) fal mbejishi doni jarabtǝ katap kǝn I me adammana soye tamozǝna ma, kuru yakkǝ gade tǝdin ma mbeji, sandi samma kalilmiwa kuli kwasabe, indi "adenoviral-vectored (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac) kuru fal dǝ MVA-vectored (MVA-MERS-S).
Social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus behind COVID-19 was known and that a vaccine was already available.
Dandalwa hawar jama meula ye mana furtu ba'a do kuli kwasa COVID-19be dǝ noata ye kuru kaliminzǝ buro man mbeji sǝna dǝ fuwu ro hapsǝgǝna.
The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.
Am do kalimi dǝga satandǝna do dandalwa hawar jama meula soye fǝlezana dǝ am "genetic sequences"-a kalimi koronabairos jili gadeye misal ro SARS so yedei ro faidajin ma so satandǝna burobe misal ro sadǝ.
b'Coronaviruses are a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds.
b'Coronaviruses" so dǝ kuliwa kwasabe samun do tiyi dabbawa tada sasambǝ nganji sadin-a ngudowa so-a yen nǝm dondi au kwasa saudin dǝ.
In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
Adammana so lan, koronabairos dǝ kwasa diwal yintǝbe suwudin shi doni gana ngalau ma au zauro zauma.
Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold (which has other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
Nǝm dondi gana ngalauye suron lamarra tantanyi noataye mbeji (shi doni awowa gade so yaye sha suwudin ma, ngǝwu so ro "rhinoviruses"), adǝgaima jili wa zau gade so dǝ SARS, MERS, kuru COVID-19 so suwudin.
Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea.
Alamawa kwasa dǝye dabbawa gade lan fafaltin: kuyi sol lan, kwasa diwal yintǝbe samiye saudin, adǝgaima fe so godu so lan shi dada saudin.
There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
Kuwa yaye kalimi so au kurunna kuli kwasabe kwasa koronabairos adammanabe dǝ ba wo.
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.
Koronabairos dǝ suro yalla gana "Orthocoronavirinae" lan kara, shi doni suro yalla "Coronaviridae" lan dǝgana ma, letǝram "Nidovirales"be, kǝrtǝ "Riboviria''be.
They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
Sandi dǝ kuliwa kwasabe do awo laa ambulop yedei sandiya zaksǝn kuru "positive-sense single stranded RNA genome" nzza-a "nucleocapsid"nza-a siffanzǝ gana korrata yedei-a.
The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Nǝm kura "genome" koronabairosbe dǝ kilobez 28 yen sǝta 32 saadǝna, suro kuliwa kwasabe RNA lan shiye kura fal.
They have characteristic club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which in electron micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona from which their name derives.
Tiyinzan awo laa jangallata suluwuna mbeji, shi doni suro "electron micrographbe lan" kamye surin maa foto "solar corona"-a samun, shi doni sunzǝ shi la tuwandǝna ma.
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
Koronabairos so dǝ saa 1930 lan buro salak sandiya foduwatǝ sa kwasa yintǝbe kuyiya fatobe so dǝ kuli kwasabe shiro "infectious bronchitis virus" sayin de suwudin ro fǝletǝna dǝn.
In the 1940s, two more animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), were isolated.Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s.
Karaa saa 1940 be lan, koronabairoswa indi gade, "mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-a kuru transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-a, tutuluuna. Koronabairos adammanabe dǝ karaa saa 1960 so ye dǝn foduwatǝ.
The earliest ones studied were from human patients with the common cold, which were later named human coronavirus 229E and human coronavirus OC43.
Sandi do buro buro lan kǝratǝna dǝ tiyi am tantanyi-a yen tuwangatǝ, sandi ro dare su "human coronavirus 229E"-a kuru "human coronavirus OC43"-a cekko.
They were first imaged by Scottish virologist June Almeida at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
Kuli kwasabe anyi buro salak yen fotonza dǝ ilmuma kǝla kuliwa kwasabe lardǝ Scotland be shiro June Almeida sayin dǝ litari St. Thomas London be dǝn citando.
Other human coronaviruses have since been identified, including SARS-CoV in 2003, HCoV NL63 in 2004, HKU1 in 2005, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019.
Coronavirus sa adammanabe gade kada tusuuna fodutǝna dǝ, suronzan SARS-CoV saa 2003 be-a, NL63 saa 2004be-a, HKU saa 2005be-a, MERS-CoV saa 2012be-a, SARS-CoV-2 saa 2019be-a samma mbeji.
Most of these have involved serious respiratory tract infections.
Ngǝwunza so suronzan kwasa diwal yintǝbe zau ma mbeji.
The name was first used in 1968 by an informal group of virologists in the journal Nature to designate the new family of viruses.
Su shima dǝ saa 1968 lan jami ilmuwu kuli kwasabe so laa fidatǝ suro mujall "Nature" be lan yalla kuliwa kwasabe dǝ asuta ro.
The name refers to the characteristic appearance of virions (the infective form of the virus) by electron microscopy, which have a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of a crown or of a solar corona.
Su dǝ jili kuli kwasabe do "electron microscopy" lan turin do kam dondizǝyin dǝ nganzazǝ, shi doni tiyinzǝn awo laa zanzang suluwuna rumin maa alama kǝla maiye au "solar corona"-a samun.
This morphology is created by the viral spike peplomers, which are proteins on the surface of the virus.
Siffanzǝ adǝ awo kuli kwasabe suluwuna dǝ sha sǝdǝ, sandi adǝye "protein" so sandi ro gulzayin tiyi kuli kwasabe dǝn.
Coronaviruses are large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections.
Koronabairos so dǝ awowa kokorrata ma tiyinzan awo laa kura kura suluwuna ma.
The envelope of the virus in electron micrographs appears as a distinct pair of electron dense shells.The viral envelope consists of a lipid bilayer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.
Ambulop au awo kuli kwasabe dǝga zaksǝna dǝ suro "electron micrograph"be lan farya "electron dense shell" yedei ro turin. Ambulop kuli kwasabe dǝ awo shiro "lipid bilayer" sayin dǝ mbeji na doni awo sha zaksǝna au "membrane (M)" dǝ-a, ambulop au "envelop (E)" dǝ-a, kuru "spike (S)"-a do proteinna tiyinzǝbe dǝ bakkata.
The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane proteins, and nucleocapsid protect the virus when it is outside the host cell.
Ambulop "lipid bilayer"be dǝ-a, "protein"wa awo sha zaksǝnabe dǝ-a, kuru "nuclercapsid" dǝ-a dǝ kuli kwasabe dǝ'a saliwin sa shi tiyi kamma ai dabba yen gǝnyi maa.
Coronaviruses contain a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome.
Coronaviruses so dǝ tiyinzan awo shiro "positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome" sayin dǝ mbeji.
The genome size for coronaviruses ranges from 26.4 to 31.7 kilobases.
Nǝm kura "genome" Coronaviruses be dǝ 26.4 kilobez lan sǝta 31.7 kilobez ro caado.
The genome size is one of the largest among RNA viruses.
Nǝm kura "genome"nzabe adǝ suro kuliwa kwasabe RNAbe kura kurabe falnza.
The open reading frames 1a and 1b, which occupy the first two-thirds of the genome, encode the replicase/transcriptase polyprotein.
Fǝremwa kǝratǝ kaatabe 1a kuru 1b-a, sandi doni ci indi burobe dǝn kasharu dǝ ''replicase/transcriptase polyprotein'' dǝ fasarjin.
The replicase/transcriptase polyprotein self cleaves to form nonstructural proteins.The later reading frames encode the four major structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid.
"Replicase/transcriptase polyprotein" dǝ kǝlanzǝ yeksǝ "nonstructural protein" ro waljin. Fǝremwa kǝrabe dareye dǝye "structural proteins" kura kura ma sandi 4: "spike, envelop, membrane, kuru nucleocapsid-a"dǝ fasarjin.
Interspersed between these reading frames are the reading frames for the accessory proteins.
Ndi kate fǝremwa kǝrabe indi anyibe ro fǝremwa kǝrabe "accessory proteins"be tuskaata.
The number of accessory proteins and their function is unique depending on the specific coronavirus.
Adadu "accessory proteins"be-a faidanza-a dǝ jili koronabairosbe dǝn kara.
Infection begins when the viral spike (S) glycoprotein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor.
Kwasa au nǝm dondi kamma kǝnta badijin sa "viral spike (S) glycoprotein" tiyi "host cell receptor" au sel tiyi sototǝmanzǝye ro kǝrtǝgǝiyya.
After attachment, a protease of the host cell cleaves and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.
Ngawo kǝrtǝgǝna yen, "protease" sel sototǝma dǝye "receptor attached spiked protein"dǝ'a yekcinye kuru cidajin ro sǝdinye.
Depending on the host cell protease available, cleavage and activation allows the virus to enter the host cell by endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelop with the host membrane.On entry into the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated, and its genome enters the cell cytoplasm.
"Protease" sel sototǝma ye mbeji ma dǝ ro wuntǝgǝ men, yektǝ-a cidajin ro dio-a dǝ kuli kwasabe dǝ'a kolzǝ tiyi sel sototǝmabe ro "endocytosis" men gayin au daata ro ambulop kuli kwasabe dǝ-a "membrane" sototǝmabe-a kǝltǝ men gayin. Sa tiyi sel sototǝmabe ro gana lan, kuli kwasabe dǝ lintǝ daji "genome"nzǝ sel dǝro gayin.
The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping open reading frame of the virus genome and forms a long polyprotein.
"Host ribosome" dǝye fǝrem kaata ro kǝratin "genome" kuli kwasabe dǝye fasarjin kuru "polyprotein" kuruwu sǝtandin.
The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.
"Polyprotein" dǝ "proteases" ngǝmzǝbe mbeji sha "nonstructural proteins" kada ro yekcin ma.
A number of the nonstructural proteins coalesce to form a multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC).
"Nonstructural proteins" kada kǝlta awo do shiro "multi-protein replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC)" sayin dǝ satandin.
The main replicase-transcriptase protein is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).
"Replicase-transcriptase protein" nasku m dǝ shima shiro "RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sayin dǝ.
It is directly involved in the replication and transcription of RNA from an RNA strand.
Shi dǝ daata ro suro ngǝwutǝ-a tando-a RNAbe je RNA fal ye lan mbeji.
The other nonstructural proteins in the complex assist in the replication and transcription process.
"Nonstructural proteins" gabsana dǝ duluwu ngǝwutǝgǝ-a tandobe-a dǝn banazayin.
The exoribonuclease nonstructural protein, for instance, provides extra fidelity to replication by providing a proofreading function which the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lacks.One of the main functions of the complex is to replicate the viral genome.
Awo shiro "exoribonuclease nonstructural protein" sayin dǝ, misal ro, ngǝwutǝgǝ ro mbǝrshe gade sǝrayin faida taltǝ kulastabe do na "RNA- dependent RNA polymerase"yen ba yio men. Cida awo dǝye dunoa fal dǝ shima "viral genome" dǝ'a ngǝwutǝgǝ.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense genomic RNA from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
Awo shiro "RdRp" sayin dǝ daata ro lezǝna ishin suro lamar "negative-sense genomic RNA" tiyi "positive-sense genomic RNA"be lan tandobe dǝn.
This is followed by the replication of positive-sense genomic RNA from the negative-sense genomic RNA.
Ngawo adǝye ngǝwutǝgǝ "positive-sense genomic RNA tiyi "negative-sense genomic RNA"be zǝgayin.
The other important function of the complex is to transcribe the viral genome.
Faida awo adǝye kura fal dǝ shima "viral genome dǝ'a faltǝgǝ.
RdRp directly mediates the synthesis of negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules from the positive-sense genomic RNA.
Awo shiro "RdRp" sayin dǝ daata ro lezǝna ishin suro lamar "negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules" tiyi "positive-sense genomic RNA"be lan tandobe dǝn.
This is followed by the transcription of these negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules to their corresponding positive-sense mRNAs.
Ngawo adǝye "negative-sense subgenomic RNA molecules" anyi "positive-sense mRNA" ro faltǝgǝ zǝgayin.
The replicated positive-sense genomic RNA becomes the genome of the progeny viruses.
"Positive-sense genomic RNA" ngǝwutǝgǝna ma dǝ "genome" kuliwa kwasabe bǝlin ro tuwandǝna dǝbe ro waljin.
The mRNAs are gene transcripts of the last third of the virus genome after the initial overlapping reading frame.
mRNAs so dǝ sandima "gene transcripts" ci kǝn yakkǝme darebe "genome" kuli kwasabe dǝ ngawo fǝrem kǝrabe burobe dǝ kǝla kamanzǝbe ro zuwa kojiya.
These mRNAs are translated by the host's ribosomes into the structural proteins and a number of accessory proteins.
mRNAwa anyi "ribosomes" sototǝmabe sandiya "structural proteins"-a kuru "accessory proteins" kada-a ro fasarzǝyin.
RNA translation occurs inside the endoplasmic reticulum.
Fasari RNAbe dǝ suro "endoplsmic reticulum" be lan wakajin.
The viral structural proteins S, E, and M move along the secretory pathway into the Golgi intermediate compartment.
"Viral structural proteins S, E, kuru M" dǝ zawal shiro "secretory pathway" me dǝn na shiro "Golgi intermediate compartment" sayin dǝ ro lezayin.
There, the M proteins direct most protein-protein interactions required for assembly of viruses following its binding to the nucleocapsid.
Na dǝn, "M proteins"ye mu'amalawa ndikate purotin-a purotin-ayer kuliwa kwasabe na fal ro saptǝgǝye ngawo "nucleocapsid"nzǝ ro foktǝgǝnaye ngǝwu so sunotin.
Progeny viruses are then released from the host cell by exocytosis through secretory vesicles.
Kuliwa kwasabe bǝlin ro tuwandǝna sodǝ tiyi sel sototǝma yen "exocytosis" men zutǝ tutuluyin "secretory vessicles" men.
The interaction of the coronavirus spike protein with its complement host cell receptor is central in determining the tissue tropism, infectivity, and species range of the virus.
Muamala "spike protein" koronabairosbe-a "complement host cell receptor"nzǝ-aye dǝ zauro nasha awo shiro "tissue tropism"-a, raktǝ kwasa sangobe-a, kuru jili kuli kwasabe dǝ-a notǝ yen zauro faidajin.
The SARS coronavirus, for example, infects human cells by attaching to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.
Coronaviruses SARSdǝ, misal ro, sel adammana so dondizǝyin awo shiro "angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor" sayin dǝ ro kǝrtǝgǝ men.
The scientific name for coronavirus is Orthocoronavirinae or Coronavirinae.
Su Coronaviruses be ilmu "science"be dǝ shima "Orthocoronavirinae" au Coronavirinae.
Coronaviruses belong to the family of Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.
Coronaviruses so dǝ suro yalla "Coronaviridae" lan kasharu, tartib "Nidovirales"be, kuru letǝgǝram "Riboviria"be lan.
Genus Betacoronavirus; type species: Murine coronavirus
Genus Betacoronavirus; type species: Murine coronavirus
Species: Betacoronavirus 1 (Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Hedgehog coronavirus 1 (EriCoV)
Species: Betacoronavirus 1 (Bovine Coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43), Human coronavirus HKU1, Murine coronavirus, Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5, Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2), Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Hedgehog coronavirus 1 (EriCoV)
Species: Beluga whale coronavirus SW1, Infectious bronchitis virus
Species: Beluga whale coronavirus SW1, Infectious bronchitis virus
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all coronaviruses is estimated to have existed as recently as 8000 BCE, although some models place the common ancestor as far back as 55 million years or more, implying long term coevolution with bat and avian species.
Yayya Coronaviruses wa sammasobe zauro karungube dǝ saa 8000 BCE kozǝna dǝ yedei man mbeji ro tǝmatǝna, awowa tuwandǝna au "models" laa soye yayyanza dǝ saa miliyon 55 yedei ma mbeji sana, adǝye fǝlezǝna loktu kuruwu ro batata so ngudowa gade so-a dasaana.
The most recent common ancestor of the alphacoronavirus line has been placed at about 2400 BCE, the betacoronavirus line at 3300 BCE, the gammacoronavirus line at 2800 BCE, and the deltacoronavirus line at about 3000 BCE.
Yayya zauro karungube "alphacoronavirus" be dǝ saa 2400 BCE lan gǝnaatǝ, "betacoronavirus" so dǝ saa 3300 BCE lan gǝnaatǝ, "gammacoronavirus" so dǝ saa 2800 BCE lan gǝnaatǝ, kuru "deltacoronavirus" so dǝ saa 3000 BCE yedei lan gǝnaatǝ.
The large number of host bat and avian species, and their global range, has enabled extensive evolution and dissemination of coronaviruses.Many human coronavirus have their origin in bats.
Adadu batata so ngudowa so kuli kwasabe sotozayin dǝ-a nǝm ngǝwunza dunya samma sobe-a ye sǝkkǝ fafaltǝ koronabairosbe-a tatartǝgǝnza-a yita mowonzǝna. Koronabairos adammanabe ngǝwuso furtunza batata.
More recently, alpaca coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E diverged sometime before 1960.
Zauro karungu lan, Coronaviruses ''alpaca"be-a koronabairos 229E adammanabe-a dǝ kau saa 1960 wo ro yekkata.
MERS-CoV emerged in humans from bats through the intermediate host of camels.
MERS-CoV dǝ batata so men adammana son fǝlangono sototǝma ndikate dǝye kalimowa men.
MERS-CoV, although related to several bat coronavirus species, appears to have diverged from these several centuries ago.
Kuli kwasabe MERS-CoV, Coronaviruses kada'a leyata yaye, alamanzǝ dǝ sandi adǝ man yekkatǝ saa yer kada kozǝna dǝn.
The most closely related bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV diverged in 1986.
Coronaviruses batatabe zauro karungu ro letna-a SARS-CoV-a dǝ saa 1986be lan yekkata.
A possible path of evolution, of SARS coronavirus and keen bat coronaviruses, suggests that SARS related coronaviruses coevolved in bats for a long time.
Diwal fafaltǝbe mowonjin ma, koronabairos SARSbe-a koronabairos batatabe-a ye fǝlezǝna Coronaviruses SARS'a leyata so dǝ tiyi batata soyen loktu kuruwu ro rokko dasaana.