atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
A yanzu haka ana ci gaba da yin kokari sosai a kasar Sin ciki har da kullewar Wuhan da biranen da ke kewayen ta da ci gaba da keɓaɓɓen jama'ar gaba ɗaya cikin fatan kawo ƙarshen yadawa kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2.
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Duk da cewa wadannan ayyukan sun lalata tattalin arzikin kasar da sauran bangarorin kasar, adadin sabbin masu cutar yana raguwa, yana nuna raguwar barkewar cutar.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Kyakkyawan tsammanin shine barkewar zata ƙare a watan Maris kuma yanayin saukar ruwan zaiyi tsawon watanni 3-4.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Duk da haka, wasu masana ba su da bege ba.
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, et al., Ya kiyasta cewa COVID-19, wanda alama yafi kamuwa da cutar fiye da SARS, ba zai ƙare a cikin 2020 ba.
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Ira Longini, et al., Sun kirkiro wani abin ƙira don ƙaddara game da sakamakon annobar kuma ya ba da shawarar SARS-CoV-2 na iya kamuwa da kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'ar duniya.
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
Wata Kungiya daga Kanada ta ba da rahoton cewa an gano SARS-CoV-2 a cikin tsakiyar turbinate da makogwaron majinyacin da suka murmure kuma suka bar asibiti makonni 2 da suka gabata, wanda ke nuna cewa sabon kwayar cutar da ke nuna za ta iya zama wani abu mai kama da cutar mai kama da mura.
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
Duk da haka, alamu suka bada alama sun faru a kasar Sin bisa la'akari da raguwar sabbin lamurra cutan, wanda ke nuna dabarun da yanzu ke iya aiki.
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
An riga an annabta cuta ta Ebola wanda zai iya haifar da lamarin cutar miliyan guda tare da mutuwa rabin miliyan.
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
Duk da haka, ta hanyar keɓancewa da warewa, cutar ta ƙare a ƙarshe.
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
Mai yiyuwa ne, mai kama da SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 na iya zama da rauni a cikin cuta kuma a ƙarshe ya mutu ko kuma ya zama ƙasa da kwayar cutar tare da mutane.
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
Ana ba da kwatancin annobar COVID-19 tare da na SARS da MERS yadda aka bada a ƙasa (Fig. (Fig. 55).
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
Ana yada SARS-CoV-2 sosai ta hanyar tari ko atishawa, kuma na yiwu kuma ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye da kayan da kwayar cutar ta gurbata.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
An kuma gano kwayar cutar a cikin kashi, wanda ke haifar da sabon yiwuwar yaduwar cutan daga kashi-zuwa-baki.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Wani binciken da aka yi kwana nan a kan lamarin masu kamuwa da cutan guda 138 ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 41% daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan sun yiwu ne ta hanyar kamuwar nosocomial, ciki har da marasa lafiya 17 da wasu cututtukan baya da ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya guda 40.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Don haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da babbar kariya don kare mutane, musamman ma’aikacin kiwon lafiya, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, membobin iyali, abokan aiki, har ma da masu hulɗa da marasa lafiya ko mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Layin farko na kariya wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta shine ta hanyar sanya fuskokin fuska; duka amfani da masks na tiyata da kuma nau'in mashin na numfashi N95 (jerin # 1860s) yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa yaduwar kwayar cututtuka.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Abin rufe fuska na tiyata na hana digan ruwa daga yiwuwar mutane da suka kamu da cuta daga tafiya cikin iska ko mannewa a saman kayayyaki, inda za'a watsa su ga wasu.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Koyaya, masai N95 (jerin # 1860s) abin rufe fuska zasu iya kare kai daga shaƙar virions da ke karami kamar 10 zuwa 80 nm, tare da kashi 5% na virions sun sami damar shiga gaba ɗaya; SARS-CoV-2 yana kama da SARS-CoV a girma kuma duka sunkai kusan 85 m.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Tunda barbashi na iya shiga ko da abin rufe fuskar tiyata guda biyar wadanda aka hada kansu, ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya a cikin hulda kai tsaye tare da marassa lafiya dole ne su sanya N95 (jerin # 1860s) abin rufe fuska amma ba abin rufe fuska na tiyata ba.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Kari ga abin rufe fuska, ma’aikacin samar da kiwon lafiya yakamata su sanya rigunan kadaici don a kara rage hulɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Kwayoyin cuta kuma na iya kama mutum ta hanyar idanu.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
A watan Janairu 22, 2020, likita ya kamu da SARS-CoV-2 duk da cewa ya sa abin rufe fuska N95; mai yiwuwa kwayar cutar ta shiga jikin sa ta kumburin idanuwan sa.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Don haka, ma’aikacin kiwon lafiya suma suna sanye da garkuwar fuska ko ƙyalli yayin da ana aiki tare da marasa lafiya.
For the general public in affected or potentially affected areas, it is highly suggested that everybody wash their hands with disinfectant soaps more often than usual, try to stay indoors for self-quarantine and limit contact with potentially infected individuals.
Ga jama'a gaba daya a wuraren da abin ya shafa, ana bada shawara ga kowa da kowa ya wanke hannuwan sa tare da sabulun hanna yaduwar cutar mafi sau dayawa,yi ƙoƙarin zama a cikin gida don keɓancewar kai da taƙaita hulɗa da masu yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar.
Three feet is considered an appropriate distance for people to stay away from a patient.
An dauke kafa shida a matsayin nesa wanda ta dace mutane su zauna domin guje marasa lafiya.
These actions are effective methods to lower the risk of infection as well as prevent the spread of the virus.
Wadannan ayyuka sune hanyoyin ingantattu don rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar tare da hana yaduwar kwayar cutar
Although SARS-CoV-2 came as a new virus to the human world, its high homology to SARS-CoV as reported on 7 January 2020 should have caused high alert to China based on her deep memory of the SARS outbreak in 2003.
Kodayake SARS-CoV-2 ya zama sabon ƙwayar cuta ga duniyar ɗan adam, babban haɗarinsa ga SARS-CoV kamar yadda aka ruwaito a 7 Janairu 2020 Yakamata ya jawo babbar jijjiga ga kasar Sin dangane da zurfin tunaninta game da barkewar SARS a 2003.
However, not until 19 January 2020 did the director of the Center of Disease Control of Wuhan comfort the citizens by saying that the novel virus has low contagiousness and limited reproductivity from human to human and that it is not a problem to prevent and contain the disease.
Amma, har zuwa 19 ga Janairu 2020, darektan Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Wuhan ya ta'azantar da 'yan kasar ta hanyar cewa sabon littafin kwayar cutan na da karancin yaduwa da karancin haihuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum kuma ba matsala ba ne don hanawa da kuma tsayaya da cutar ba.
This message remarkably relaxed the alarm of the public, especially when the entire country was preparing for the Spring Festival, and the critical time was missed to contain the disease at its minimal scale in Wuhan.
Wannan sakon ya shakata karar da jama'a ke yi, musamman lokacin da daukacin kasar ke shirye-shiryen bukukuwan bazara, kuma an dauki lokaci mai tsaho don dauke cutar a karancin sa a Wuhan.
The disease control agencies in China may take this hard lesson and make critical improvements in the future.
Hukumomin kula da cutar a China na iya daukar wannan darasi tare da yin muhimmin ci gaba a nan gaba.
For example, these agencies should be (1) more careful when making public announcements as every word counts to citizens and can change their attitude and decisions; (2) more sensitive and reactive to unusual information from clinics rather than waiting for formal reports from doctors or officials; (3) more restrictive to contain a potential epidemic at its early stage rather than attempting to comfort the public; and (4) more often to issue targeted and effective drills to increase the public's awareness about epidemic diseases and to test and improve the response system of the society periodically.
Misali, wadannan hukumomin yakamata su kasance (1) mai da hankali sosai yayin yin sanarwar jama'a kamar yadda kowace kalma take yiwa 'yan kasa kuma yana iya canza halaye da yanke shawara; 2) mai saurin dimauta da mayar da hankali ga bayanan da ba a sani ba daga asibitoci maimakon jiran cikakken bayani daga likitoci ko jami'ai; (3) ƙarin hanawa don ɗaukar cutar annoba a farkon matakinsa maimakon ƙoƙarin ta'azantar da jama'a; da (4) mafi yawan lokuta don samar da ingantattun bayanai da kuma ingantattun hanyoyin domin kara wayar da kan jama'a game da cututtukan annoba da kuma gwadawa da inganta tsarin amsawar al'umma a wasu lokuta.
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 started in the end of December 2019.
Barkewar COVID-19 wanda ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta SARS-CoV-2 ya fara ne a ƙarshen watar Disamba 2019.
In less than two months, it has spread all over China and near 50 other countries globally at the time of this writing.
Kasa da watanni biyu, ya bazu ko'ina cikin China da kusan sauran ƙasashe 50 a duniya a lokacin wannan rubutun.
Since the virus is very similar to SARS-CoV and the symptoms are also similar between COVID-19 and SARS, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created a sense of SARS recurring.
Tunda kwayar cutar tana kama da SARS-CoV kuma alamomin ma suna kama ne tsakanin COVID-19 da SARS, fashewar COVID-19 ya haifar da ma'anar sake dawo da SARS.
However, there are some remarkable differences between COVID-19 and SARS, which are essential for containing the epidemic and treating the patients.
Duk da haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambance na ban mamaki tsakanin COVID-19 da SARS, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don tsayarwa da annoban da kuma kula da marasa lafiya.
COVID-19 affects more elderly individuals than youth and more men than women, and the severity and death rate are also higher in elderly individual than in youth.
COVID-19 ya fi shafar tsofaffi fiye da matasa kuma maza fiye da mata, kuma ƙarancin mutuwa da yawan mutuwa sun fi girma a cikin tsofaffi mutum fiye da na matasa.
SARS has higher mortality than COVID-19 (10.91% versus 1.44%).
SARS tana da mutuƙar nisan mutuwa fiye da COVID-19 kashi (10.91% a kan 1.44%).
COVID-19 patients transmit the virus even when they are symptomless whereas SARS patients do so usually when they are severely ill, which causes much greater difficulty to contain the spread of COVID-19 than SARS.
Marasa lafiyar COVID-19 na bada kwayar cutar koda kuwa ba ta da alamar sa yayin da marasa lafiyar SARS ke yin hakan yawanci lokacin da suke rashin lafiya mai ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da babban wahala don ɗaukar yaduwar COVID-19 fiye da SARS.
This partially explains why SARS-CoV-2 spread much faster and broader than SARS-CoV.
Wannan wani bangare yana bayanin dalilin da yasa yadawar SARS-CoV-2 na da sauri da fadi fiye da SARS-CoV.
The regular RNA assay for SARS-CoV-2 can be negative in some COVID-19 patients.
RNA na yau da kullun ba da tabbaci ga SARS-CoV-2 na iya zama mara kyau a wasu marasa lafiyar COVID-19.
On the other hand, cured patients can be positive for the virus again.
A wata gefe guda, marasa lafiya da aka warke zasu iya zama tabbatacce ga sake cutar.
These findings dramatically increase the risk of virus spreading.
Wadannan binciken sun kara hadarin yadawa kwayar cutan.
Given such rapid progress in research on COVID-19, several critical issues remain to be solved, as follows:
Ganin irin wannan saurin ci gaba a cikin binciken COVID-19, batutuwa masu mahimmancin gaske ana iya warware su, kamar haka:
Where did SARS-CoV-2 come from?
Daga ina SARS-CoV-2 ta fito?
Although 96% genetic homolog was found between SARS-CoV-2 and two bat SARS-like CoVs, we still cannot conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is from bats.
Kodayake an samu kashi 96% na kwayoyin tsakanin SARS-CoV-2 da jemage biyu kamar-SARS CoVs, har yanzu ba za mu iya yanke hukuncin cewa SARS-CoV-2 daga jemagu bane.
What animal was the intermediate species to transmit the virus from the original host, say bats, to humans?
Wace halitar dabba ce tsakiya ne don yada kwayar cutar daga ainihin mai mazaman cutar, cewa jemagu, ga mutane?
Without knowing answers to #1 and 2, we cannot efficiently cut the transmission, and the outbreak can relapse at any time.
Ba tare da sanin amsoshin # 1 da na 2 ba, ba za mu iya yanke watsawar yadda yakamata ba, kuma barkewar na iya sake dawowa a kowane lokaci.
Although molecular modeling and biochemical assays have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, how exactly does the virus enter the airway cells and cause subsequent pathological changes?
Kodayake samfurin ƙirar kwayoyin halitta da kuma tabbatarwar kwayoyin halitta sun nuna cewa SARS-CoV-2 yana ɗaurawa ACE2, ta yaya ne kwayar cutar ta ke shiga cikin hanya iskar tantanin halitar kuma ta haifar da canje-canjen cutar?
Does the virus also bind ACE2-expressing cells in other organs?
Shin kwayar cutar kuma tana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin bayyana ACE2 a cikin wasu gabobin?
Without clear answers to these questions, we cannot achieve fast and accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
Idan ba tare da amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin ba, ba za mu iya samun ingantacciyar hanyar bincike da kuma ingantaccen magani ba.
How long will the epidemic last?
Har yaushe annobar zata kai ga karshe?
How is the virus genetically evolving during transmission among humans?
Ta yaya ƙwayar cutar ke canza yanayi halita lokacin bazawa tsakanin mutane?
Will it become a pandemic worldwide, die down like SARS or relapse periodically like the flu?
Shin zai iya zama annoba a duk duniya, ya mutu kamar SARS ko sake dawowa lokaci-lokaci kamar mura?
It is essential but may take some time to search for answers to the above and many other questions.
Yana da mahimmanci amma yana iya ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don bincika amsoshin tambayoyin da ke sama da sauran tambayoyi masu yawa.
However, with whatever expense it may demand, we have no other choice but to stop the epidemic as soon as possible and bring our life back to normal.
Duk da haka, tare da kowane irin kuɗin da yake buƙata, ba mu da wani zaɓi amma tsayar da annoban da wuri kuma mu dawo da rayuwarmu yada aka saba.
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
Asalin zoonotic na coronaviruses na mutum
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years.
Maye gurbi da kuma daidaitawa ne suka haifar da juyin halittun coronaviruses (CoVs) da wajen zaman su, har ma da mutane, zuwa dubban shekaru.
Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold.
Kafin 2003, CoVs na mutum guda biyu (HCoVs) an san su don haifar da ciwo mara tsanani, kamar sanyi na yau da kullun.
The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be.
Barkewar cuta mai saurin kamuwar manufanshi da alamar (SARS) da cutar manufanshi ta Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS) sun juya kuɗin don bayyana yadda ɓarkewar cutar HCoV zata iya zamawa.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV.
Fitowar SARS-CoV-2 a tsakiyar ƙasar Sin a ƙarshen shekarar 2019 ya turo cuttutukar CoVs gaba kuma ya ba mu mamaki da cewa yana da sauƙin aikawa ga juna amma yawan ƙwayar cutar sun rage idan aka kwatanta da ‘yar uwarta SARS-CoV.
HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well.
Cutar HCoV ana samun sa ne daga dabbobi kuma fahimtar tushen HcoVs taimaka gaya.
Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic.
Galibin kwayoyin halittar HCoVs sun samo asali ne daga jemagu inda suka kasance ba masu cutarwa ba.
The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known.
Ana sane da halittukan da ke rik'e wasu cututtukar HCoVs a tsakani suma.
Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases.
Gano ainihin dabbobin da ke dauke da cutar zai taimaka kai tsaye wajen kare mutane daga cutar.
Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans.
Bincikar mu’amalar mai dauke da cutar CoV da dabbobi watakila zai taimaka wajen gano yaduwar kwayoyin halittar cutar CoV a jikin mutane.
In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission.
A cikin wannan bita, mun gabatar da wani bayyani game da ilimin data kasance game da HCoV guda bakwai, tare da mai da hankali kan tarihin gano su da yadda aka samo asalin zoonotic da kuma yada jinsunan halittar.
Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination.
Muhimmin abu a nan shi ne, mu tantance banbanci tsakanin kwayar cutar HCoVs daga fahimtar yadda asalin kwayar cuta take rikada da kuma kwayoyin halitta suke rikida daga asalin tushensu.
The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context.
Cutar CoV da ake fama da ita a 2019 mai suna (COVID-19) wacce annoba ce, an yi bayani game da ita a nan.
In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
Bugu da ƙari, an jaddada yadda abunda ake buƙata domin ƙwayar cutar ta samu nasarar masauka wanda ke sauyawa kuma anlmm jaddada sakamakon yadda juyin halittar kwayar cutar ke tsananta cutar.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises a group of enveloped, positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA viruses.
Kwayoyin cutar Corona (CoVs) sun kasance dangin Coronaviridae, wanda ya hada da tabbatacciyar rukunin kwayoyin cututtukan RNA mai zare daya.
These viruses harbouring the largest genome of 26 to 32 kilobases amongst RNA viruses were termed “CoVs” because of their crown-like morphology under electron microscope.
Wadannan kwayoyin cututtukan sun kunsar da babban ma’adanin kwayar halittar kamaceceniya na RNA daga 26 zuwa 32 nasu, dalilin da yasa ake kiransu “CoVs” wanda ake iya gani a tabarau na microscope.
Structurally, CoVs have non-segmented genomes that share a similar organization.
A gine dai, CoVs suna da kwayoyin halittar da ba a rarrabe su ba wanda ke da shiri kamar haka.
Approximately two thirds of the genome contain two large overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a and ORF1b), which are translated into the pp1a and pp1ab replicase polyproteins.
Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na halittar suna dauke da manyan furanni masu budewa biyu (ORF1a da ORF1b), wadanda ake fassara su cikin pp1a da pp1ab kwafin polyproteins.
The polyproteins are further processed to generate 16 non-structural proteins, designated nsp1~16.
Ana ƙara aiwatar da polyproteins don samar da furotin 16 waɗanda ba na tsari ba, waɗanda aka tsara nsp1~16.
The remaining portion of the genome contains ORFs for the structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
Sauran bangaren tushen halittar mai dauke da ORFs domin abu mai gina jiki kamar su, nau‘in spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleoprotein (N).
A number of lineage-specific accessory proteins are also encoded by different lineages of CoVs.
Yawancin nau'ikan sinadaran zuriya, su ma ana lulluɓe su da wasu zuriyoyin CoVs daban.
Based on the difference in protein sequences, CoVs are classified into four genera (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV and delta-CoV), among which the beta-CoV genera contains most HCoVs and is subdivided into four lineages (A, B, C and D).
Dangane da bambanci a cikin jerin abubuwan gina jiki, ana rarraba CoVs zuwa abubuwa huɗu (alpha-CoV, beta-CoV, gamma-CoV da delta-CoV), tsakanin abin da beta-CoV ya ƙunshi yawancin HCoVs kuma an rarrabasu cikin kashi huɗu (A, B, C da D).
Phylogenetic evidence has shown that bats and rodents serve as the gene source of most alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs, while birds are the main reservoir of gamma-CoVs and delta-CoVs.
Hujjojin halittun dabbobi sun nuna cewa jemagu da dabbobin suna aiki a matsayin tushen asalin yawancin alpha-CoVs da beta-CoVs, yayin da tsuntsaye sune babban tafki na gamma-CoVs da delta-CoVs
For thousands of years, CoVs have constantly crossed species barriers and some have emerged as important human pathogens.
Shekaru dubbai yanzu, CoVs sun shawo kan shingen jinsuna kuma wasu sun fito a matsayin mahimman ƙwayoyin cuta na mutane.
To date, seven human CoVs (HCoVs) are known.
Har ya zuwa yau din nan, an san cututtukan na CoVs (HCoVs) nau’i bakwai ne a jikin dan adam.
Among them HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alpha-CoVs.
Daga cikinsu HCoV-229E da HCoV-NL63 sune alpha-CoVs.
The other five beta-CoVs include HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Sauran beta-CoV guda biyar sun hada da HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, cutar hanyoyin numfashi mai tsanani na coronavirus (SARS-CoV), cutar numfashi na gefen larabawa coronavirus (MERS-CoV) da SARS-CoV-2.
HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 usually cause mild symptoms, like common cold and/or diarrhea.
Cututtukan HCoV-229E da HCoV-OC43 da HCoV-HKU1 da kuma HCoV-NL63 galibi su kan haifar da alamomin cuta marasa karfi sosai kamar mura da ko kuma gudawa.
In contrast, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly-identified SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic, causing severe lower respiratory tract infection in relatively more patients with a higher chance to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Saɓanin haka, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV da subuwar cutar SARS-CoV-2 da aka gano sune cututtuka masu mafi yaɗuwa da ke haifar da mummunan rauni na jijiyoyin jiki a marasa lafiya tare da babbar damar haɓaka ciwo mai rauni na rashin damuwa na jiki (ARDS) da bayyananniyar cututtuka.
The first HCoV-229E strain, B814, was isolated from the nasal discharge of patients with common cold in mid-1960s.
Nau'in HCoV-229E na farko, B814, ya kasance mai rabuwa daga fitowar hancin marasa lafiya masu fama da murar yau da kullum a tsakiyar shekarun 1960.
Since then, more knowledge was accumulated through extensive studies on HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, both of which cause self-limiting symptoms.
Tun daga lokacin, ake ta samun ilimi kan HCoV-229E da kuma HCoV-OC43, ta hanyar zurfafa nazarin alamun cutar.
Indeed, the concept had been widely accepted that infection with HCoVs is generally harmless until the outbreak of SARS.
Tabbas, an yarda da ra'ayin cewa kamuwa da cutar HCoVs gaba daya ba shi da matsala har sai fashewar SARS.
The SARS outbreak occurred in 2003 is one of the most devastating in current history, infecting over 8,000 people with a crude case fatality of approximately 10%.
Barkewar cutar SARS da ta faru a cikin shekarar 2003, shi ne ɗaya mafi munin balaguro a cikin tarihin na yanzu, da ya kamu da mutane sama da 8,000 da ke cikin mummunan yanayin mutuwar kusan kashi 10%.
Ten years later, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak resulted in a persistent epidemic in the Arabian Peninsula with sporadic spreading to the rest of the world.
Shekaru goma bayan haka, barkewar cutar numfashi na gefen larabawa wato Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) ya haifar da annoba na yau da kullum a Kasashen Larabawa tare da yaduwa zuwa sauran sassan duniya.
The 2019 novel HCoV (2019-nCoV), which has subsequently been renamed SARS-CoV-2, is the causative agent of the ongoing epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has claimed more than 3,120 lives and infected more than 91,000 people as of March 3, 2020.
Sabuwar cutar HCoV ta shekarar 2019 (2019-nCoV), wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna SARS-CoV-2, shine wakili na abubuwanda ke faruwa na ci gaba da cutar coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), wanda ya yi sanadiyar rayuka sama da 3,120 kuma ya kamu da mutane sama da dubu 91,000 a cikin watan Maris 3, 2020.
The alarm has been ringing and the world has to prepare for the coming pandemic of SARS-CoV-2.
Ƙararrawar tana ta kaɗawa kuma dole duniya ta shirya akan annobar cutar SARS-CoV-2 da ke zuwa.
All seven HCoVs have a zoonotic origin from bats, mice or domestic animals.
Dukkanin HCoV guda bakwai suna da asalin fitowa daga dabbobi kamar su jemagu, beraye ko dabbobin gida.
Multiple lines of evidence support an evolutionary origin of all HCoVs from bats, where viruses are well adapted and non-pathogenic but show great genetic diversity.
Bayanan shaida da yawa suna tallafawa asalin juyin halittar dukkanin HCoVs daga jemagu, inda ƙwayoyin cuta suke dacewa da kyau kuma ba masu bada ciwon ba ne amma na nuna babban bambancin kwayoyin halita.
The COVID-19 epidemic has presented enormous medical, scientific, social and moral challenges to China and the world.
COVID-19 annobar cutar ta gabatar da babban kalubale na likita, kimiyya, zamantakewa da halin kirki ga kasar Sin da duniya.
Tracing the zoonotic origins of HCoVs provides a framework to understand the natural history, driving force and restriction factors of species jumping.
Binciken asalin dabbobin da suka janyo HCoVs yana ba da tsarin fahimtar tarihin halitta, ƙarfin tuƙi da abubuwan da ke hana ƙetare na tsallen jinsin.
This might also guide or facilitate the search for the reservoir, intermediate and amplifying animal host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications in the prevention of future spillovers.
Wannan na iya jagorantar ko sauƙaƙe bincika tafkin, matsakaici da haɓaka rundunar garken dabbobi (s) na SARS-CoV-2, tare da mahimmancin tasiri cikin karewar abin da ke dawowa nan gaba.
In this review we present an overview of the zoonotic origins, interspecies transmission and pathogenesis of HCoVs.
A cikin wannan bitar, mun gabatar da wani taƙaitaccen bayani game da asalin cututtukar dabbobi (zoonotic), watsawarsu tsakanin nau’in jinsun kansu da gine-ginen HCoVs.
Particularly, we highlight and discuss the common theme that parental viruses of HCoVs are typically non-pathogenic in their natural reservoir hosts but become pathogenic after interspecies transmission to a new host.
Musamman ma, muna karin haske da bayani kan tushen kwayoyin cutar HCoVs ba wai sun samo asali ne daga kwayoyin halittar da basa haifar da cuta a jiki bayan sun shiga jikin wani na daban.
We also review the trend of HCoV evolution in which the increase in transmissibility often comes with the decrease in pathogenicity.
Mun kuma sake nazarin yanayin cigaban HCoV wanda karuwa a watsawa sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da raguwa a cikin mai bada kwayar cutan.
The outcome of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is also discussed in this context.
Ana bayanin sakamakon da barkewar ita ma cutar SARS-CoV-2 a nan.
Animal CoVs have been known since late 1930s.
An san CoV na dabbobi tun ƙarshen shekarun 1930.
Before the first isolation of HCoV-229E strain B814 from the nasal discharge of patients who had contracted common cold, different CoVs had been isolated in various infected animals, including turkey, mouse, cow, pig, cat and dog.
Kafin farkon warewar iri B814 na HCoV-229E daga zubar hancin wanda ya kamu da mura na yau da kullun, an ware CoVs a dabbobi daban-daban wanda suka kamu da cutar kamar tolotolo, ɓera, shanu, alade, kule da kare.
In the past decades, seven HCoVs have been identified.
A shekara ashirin da suka gabata, an gano kwayoyin cuatr dangin HCoVs.
A brief summary of the history of HCoV discovery in chronological order (Table ​1) would be informative and instructive.
Takaitaccen tarihin gano cutar HCoV a jerin jadawalin farko na wannana teburi (Tebur 1) zai zama mai gamsarawa tare da bayar da cikakken bayani a kai.
The first HCoV-229E strain was isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with upper respiratory tract infection in the year of 1966, and was subsequently adapted to grow in WI-38 lung cell lines.
Rashin HCoV-229E na farko ya kasance a kebe daga cutar hanyar numfashi na marasa lafiya da cutar sama hanyar numfashi a shekarar 1966, daga baya ya sami karbuwa girma cikin layin tantanin halitar huhu WI-38.
Patients infected with HCoV-229E presented with common cold symptoms, including headache, sneezing, malaise and sore-throat, with fever and cough seen in 10~20% cases.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke kamuwa da HCoV-229E da aka gabatar tare da alamun sanyi na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon kai, atishawa, rashin jin dadi, zazzabi da ciwon-makogwaro, da zazzabi da tari da aka gani cikin damu’oin kashi 10~20%.
Later in 1967, HCoV-OC43 was isolated from organ culture and subsequent serial passage in brains of suckling mice.
Daga baya a shekarar 1967, an ware HCoV-OC43 daga hanyar binciken ‘organ culture’ da kuma hanyar renon cuta (serial passage) da zai biyo a kwakwalwar jariran ɓeraye.
The clinical features of HCoV-OC43 infection appear to be similar to those caused by HCoV-229E, which are symptomatically indistinguishable from infection with other respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza A viruses and rhinoviruses.
Siffofin asibiti na kamuwa da HCoV-OC43 suna kama da waɗanda HCoV-229E ke haifar, waɗanda ke alammar nuna bambanci daga kamuwa da wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar mura da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rhinoviruses.
Both HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43 are distributed globally, and they tend to be predominantly transmitted during the season of winter in temperate climate.
Dukansu HCoV-229E da HCoV-OC43 na yaɗuwa a duk faɗin duniya, kuma galibi suna watsawa a lokacin bazara, a cikin yanayi marasa dumi ko sanyi.
Generally, the incubation time of these two viruses is less than one week, followed by an approximately 2-week illness.
Yawanci dai, lokacin yaɗuwar waɗannan ƙwayoyin cututtuka guda biyu shi ne ƙasa da mako ɗaya, hakan na biye da sa rashin lafiyan kusan makonai 2.
According to a human volunteer study, healthy individuals infected with HCoV-229E developed mild common cold.
Dangane da binciken masu ba da agaji na ɗan adam, mutane masu lafiya waɗanda suka kamu da cutar HCoV-229E sun kamu da sanyi na yau da kullun.
Only a few immunocompromised patients exhibited severe lower respiratory tract infection.
Kalilan marasa lafiya wadan da garkuwar jikin sub ba karfi ne ke nuna tsananin kamuwa hanyar manufanshi da cuta.
SARS, also known as “atypical pneumonia”, was the first well documented HCoV-caused pandemic in human history and the etiological agent is SARS-CoV, the third HCoV discovered.
SARS, wanda kuma aka sani da "kwayar cutar huhu", shine farkon bayanan da aka samu na cutar HCoV-da ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta a cikin tarihin ɗan adam kuma wakili na etiological shine SARS-CoV, HCoV na uku da aka gano.
The first case of SARS can be traced back to late 2002 in Guangdong Province of China.
Ana iya gano kamuwar SARS ta farko zuwa karshen 2002 a lardin Guangdong na kasar Sin.
The SARS epidemic resulted in 8,096 reported cases with 774 deaths, spreading across many countries and continents.
Cutar ta SARS ta haifar da mutane 8,096 da aka ruwaito sun kamu da asarar rayuka 774, sun bazu cikin kasashe da nahiyoyi da yawa.
Apart from the super-spreaders, it was estimated that each case could give rise to approximately two secondary cases, with an incubation period of 4 to 7 days and the peak of viral load appearing on the 10th day of illness.
Ban da manyan gwaraza, an kiyasta hakan kowane damuwa na iya ba da kusan damu’oi biyu na, tare da lokacin shiryawa na kwanaki 4 zuwa 7 da gangar jikin kwayar cutar ta bayyana a ranar 10 ta rashin lafiya.
Patients infected with SARS-CoV initially present with myalgia, headache, fever, malaise and chills, followed by dyspnea, cough and respiratory distress as late symptoms.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke kamuwa da SARS-CoV da farko suna kasancewa tare da myalgia, ciwon kai, zazzabi, zazzabin cizon sauro da tsananin sanyi, biyo bayan dyspnea, tari da matsananciyar damuwa kamar bayyanar cututtuka.
Lymphopenia, deranged liver function tests, and elevated creatine kinase are common laboratory abnormalities of SARS.
Lymphopenia, gwajin aikin hanta, da haɓaka sinadarin creatine kinase abubuwa ne na gama-gari wurin gwaji na SARS.
Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients.
Diffuse alveolar damage (lalacewar huhu), epithelial cell proliferation (yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin halittar kan jiki), kuma an gano karuwar macrophages (ƙwayoyin halittar farin jini) a cikin marasa lafiyar SARS.
Approximately 20-30% of patients subsequently require intensive care and mechanical ventilation.
Aƙalla kashi 20-30% na marasa lafiya daga baya suna buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi da samun iska.
In addition to lower respiratory tract, multiple organs including gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney can also be infected in these severe cases, usually accompanied with a cytokine storm, which might be lethal particularly in immunocompromised patients.
Bayan hanyar numfashi ta ƙasa, gabobin cikin jiki da yawa, ciki har da na ciki, hanta da koda na iya kamuwa da cutar a cikin waɗannan mummunan yanayin cutar, yawanci tare da hadarin cytokine, wanda kan iya kashewa musamman ga marasa lafiya marasa kariyar lafiya.
The virus was first isolated from the open lung biopsy of a relative of the index patient who travelled to Hong Kong from Guangzhou.
An fara ware kwayar cutar ne daga tarin kwayoyin cutar huhu na wani dan uwan mai cutar Ebola wanda ya tafi Hong Kong daga Guangzhou.
Since then, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to HCoV research.
Tun lokacin kuma ake ta kokarin nazari kan cutar HCoV.
HCoV-NL63 was isolated from a 7-month-old child from the Netherlands during late 2004.
HCoV-NL63 an ware shi daga wani yaro dan watanni 7 daga Netherlands a ƙarshen 2004.
It was initially found to be prevalent in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients with respiratory illnesses.
An samo shi ne da farko a cikin yara ƙanana, tsofaffi da marasa lafiyan mara garkuwa wato immunocompromised da cutan numfashi.
Presentation of coryza, conjunctivitis, fever, and bronchiolitis is common in the disease caused by HCoV-NL63.
Gabatar coryza, conjunctivitis, zazzabi, da mashako ya zama ruwan dare a cikin cutar da HCoV-NL63 ta haifar.
Another independent study described the isolation of the same virus from a nasal specimen from an 8-month-old boy suffering from pneumonia in the Netherlands.
Wani bincike mai zaman kansa ya bayyana warewar cutar guda daga samfurin hanci daga wani yaro dan watanni 8 da ke fama da ciwon huhu a Netherlands.
Although it was identified in Netherlands, it is actually distributed globally.
Ko da yake a gano ta ne a kasar Netherlands, amma tabbas dai an yada ta a duniya.
It has been estimated that HCoV-NL63 accounts for approximately 4.7% of common respiratory diseases, and its peak incidence occurs during early summer, spring and winter.
An yi kiyasin cewa kwayoyin halittar HCoV-NL63 sune keda alhakin akalla kashi 4.7 na cututtukan numfashi, kuma yana ganiyarsa a daidai shigar lokacin bazara da kaka da kuma hunturu.
HCoV-NL63 is associated with obstructive laryngitis, also known as croup.
HCoV-NL63 yana da alaƙar da cutar kumburin beli mai toshewa, wanda kuma aka sani da croup.
In the same year, HCoV-HKU1 was isolated from a 71-year-old man who had been hospitalized with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in Hong Kong.
A shekara daya ce, cutar HCoV-HKU1 aka fara gano ta daga wani dattijo mai shekara 71 wanda aka garzaya da shi asibiti sakamakon cutar shakewar numfashi ta pneumonia da kuma cutar huhu a birnin Hong Kong.
Besides community-acquired pneumonia and bronchiolitis, HCoV-HKU1 was reported to be associated with acute asthmatic exacerbation.
Bayan ciwon huhu da na hanyoyin huhu wadanda al'umma ke samu, an ruwaito cewa HCoV-HKU1 yana da alaƙa da matsanancin rashin lafiyar asma.
Similar to HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 was found worldwide, causing mild respiratory diseases.
Kama da HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E da HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 an samu a duk duniya, suna haifar da karamin cutan manufanci.
All these four community-acquired HCoVs have been well adapted to humans and are generally less likely to mutate to cause highly pathogenic diseases, though accidents did occur for unknown reasons as in the rare case of a more virulent subtype of HCoV-NL63, which has recently been reported to cause severe lower respiratory tract infection in China.
Duk waɗannan HCoVs huɗu da al'umma suka samu wurin zama a mutane kuma galibi ba su da ikon canzawa don haifar da kwayoyin cututtuka sosai, kodayake hatsarori sun faru ne saboda dalilai da ba a san su ba kamar yadda a cikin mafi yawan yanayi mai kama da HCoV-NL63, wanda a kwanan nan aka ba da rahoton cewa yana haifar da cuta kasa hanyar numfashi mai tsanani a China.
Generally, when these HCoVs acquire the abilities to transmit efficiently and to maintain themselves continuously within humans, they also become less virulent or pathogenic.
Gabaɗaya, lokacin da waɗannan HCoVs suka sami damar iya watsuwa yadda yakamata kuma su riƙe kansu gabaɗaya cikin ɗan-adam, su kuma suna zama ƙasa da ɓarna ko kuma cutarwa.
MERS-CoV was first isolated in 2012 from the lung of a 60-year-old patient who developed acute pneumonia and renal failure in Saudi Arabia.
An fara ware MERS-CoV ne a cikin 2012 a cikin huhu na wani mara lafiya mai shekaru 60 wanda ya kamu da matsananciyar cutar huhu da gazawar koda a Saudiya.
Whereas most of the laboratory-confirmed cases originate from the Middle East, imported cases with occasional secondary spreads to close contacts have been reported in various European countries and Tunisia.
Ganin cewa mafi yawan kwayoyin da aka tabbatar da asali sun fito ne daga Gabas ta Tsakiya, an bayar da rahoton yaduwa ta biyu na gaba zuwa makusantan sadarwa a kasashe daban-daban na Turai da Tunusiya.
Another secondary outbreak occurred in South Korea in 2015 with 186 confirmed cases.
Wani fashewa ta sakandare ya faru a Koriya ta Kudu a cikin 2015 tare da tabbatarwan mutane 186 da cutar.
Clinical manifestations of MERS resemble those of SARS, characterized by progressive acute pneumonia.
Bayyanannin asibiti na MERS sun yi kama da na SARS, wanda ke nunawa da mummunan ciwon huhu.
Unlike SARS, many patients with MERS also developed acute renal failure, which is thus far unique for MERS among HCoV-caused diseases.
Sai dai ba kamar cutar SARS ba, da dama daga cikin majinyatan murar ta MERS sun kuma gamu da matsalar ciwon koda, wanda ya zama babban dalili da ya sa banbanta cuatr ta MERS da kuma kwayoyin cututtukan da ke samuwa daga HCoV.
More than 30% of patients present with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Fiye da kashi 30% na marasa lafiya da ke tare da alamun gastrointestinal, kamar gudawa da amai.
As of February 14, 2020, over 2500 laboratory confirmed cases were reported with a high case fatality of 34.4%, making MERS-CoV one of the most devastating viruses known to humans.
Ya zuwa ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2020, kamuwa sama da 2500 da aka tabbatar a dakin gwaje-gwaje sun kasance tare da mutuwar kasha 34.4 cikin dari, wadda ya sa MERS-CoV ta zama daya daga cikin cututtukan da ke lalata mutane sosai da aka taba samu.
During middle to late December 2019, clusters of pneumonia patients retrospectively known to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Daidai lokacin tsakiyar watan Disamban 2019, an samu wasu marasa lafiya masu fama da shakewar numfashi ko pneumonia da a lokacin aka yi tunanin tana kama da cutar SARS-CoV-2 wandanda aka gano a birnin Wuhan, lardin Hubei, da ke kasar China.
World Health Organization declared the ongoing outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and also named the disease COVID-19.
Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da sanarwar ci gaban barkewar cuta kasan hanyar manufanci wanda haifar da SARS-CoV-2 da shi wanda ya zama babban kalubale ga lafiyar Jama'a na Kasa da Kasa kuma ya sanya sunan cutar COVID-19.
As of March 3, 2020, 90,053 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with a crude case fatality of 3.4%.
Ya zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Maris, 2020, as tabbatar da mutane masu kamuwa 90,053 a duniya, tare da yawan mutuwa saboda kamuwa wanda ya kai kashi 3.4%..
Notably, the case fatality in Hubei, China is 4.2%, whereas the one outside of it is 1.2%.
Musamman ma, yawan wadanda suka mutu daga cutar a Hubei, China ya kai kashi 4.2 cikin dari, alhali wanda yake waje da can kashi 1.2 cikin dari ne.
SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory infection like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, presented as fever, cough and dyspnea.
SARS-CoV-2 yana haifar da tsananin cutan numfashi kamar SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV, an gabatar da su azaman zazzabi, tari da dyspnea.
Diarrhea is also seen in some patients.
Ana kuma ganin cutar gudawa a wasu marassa lafiyan.
Pneumonia is one of the most severe symptoms and can progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Cutar huhu na ɗaya daga cikin alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma yana iya ci gaba cikin hanzari zuwa ciwo mai wahala na manumfashi.
Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are very similar due to high nucleotide sequence homology of 82%, they cluster into different branches in the phylogenetic tree.
Kodayake SARS-CoV da SARS-CoV-2 suna da kama sosai saboda halayyar ƙwayoyin nucleotide na kasha 82%, suna curewa cikin rassa daban-daban a cikin bishiyar kwayoyin halittar.
SARS-CoV-2 is apparently less pathogenic but more transmissible compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
Idan aka kwatanta da SARS-CoV wadda yake da babban adadin maye gurbi, adadin maye gurbi na SARS-CoV-2 yana kasa sosai, wadda ke nuna girman matakin karbuwa ga mutane.
Asymptomatic subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported and might contribute to its rapid spreading around the world.
Wani mai nuna alamar kamu da SARS-CoV-2 wanda aka bada rahoton iya ba da gudummawa ga saurin yaduwa a duniya.
Comparing and contrasting SARS-CoV-2 with the other six HCoVs reveal similarities and differences of great interest.
Kwatantawa da kuma musanya SARS-CoV-2 tare da sauran HCoV guda shida suna nuna kamanni da bambance-bambance masu babban mahimmanci.
First, the incubation period and the duration of the course of HCoV disease are very similar.
Na farko dai, lokacin kyankyasar cutar da kuma yadda cutar ta HCoV ke samuwa na kama da juna.
In this regard, SARS-CoV-2 follows the general trend of the other six HCoVs.
A wannan batun, SARS-CoV-2 yana bin yanayin gaba ɗaya na sauran HCoV guda shida.
Second, the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 lies between SARS-CoV and the four community-acquired HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
Na biyu shi ne zafin alamun cutar COVID-19 ya dogara ne tsakanin cutar SARS-CoV da kuma sauran ire-irensu guda hudu: HCoVs (i.e. HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63).
On one hand, SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits features that are more commonly seen during infection with community-acquired HCoVs, including the presentation of non-specific, mild or even no symptoms.
A bangare guda, kamuwa da cuta SARS-CoV-2 yana nuna fasali waɗanda aka fi ganinsu yayin kamuwa da cutar HCoVs, da al'umma ke samu, gami da gabatar da marasa takamaiman, mai saukin kai ko ma babu alamun su.
On the other hand, a small subset of severe cases of COVID-19 can also be seen as in the case of SARS-CoV infection, although the ratio is a bit lower.
A gefe guda, ana iya ganin ƙaramin kashin tsananin kamuwa da COVID-19 kamar yadda ake ganin ta a kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV, duk da haka kashin yana da karanci.
Third, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 also shows interesting patterns characteristic of both community-acquired HCoVs and SARS-CoV.
Na uku, watsuwar SARS-CoV-2 kuma yana nuna alamun halayen ban sha'awa na samun HCoVs da al'umma kan yi da na SARS-CoV.
On one hand, the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is at least as high as that of community-acquired HCoVs.
A bangare guda, bazuwar SARS-CoV-2 ya yi daidai da na HCoVs wanda al'umma suka samu.
On the other hand, it remains to be verified whether the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 decreases after passages in humans as in the cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
A wata gefe guda, ya rage don tabbatar da ko yiwuwar rikicewar SARS-CoV-2 ya ragu bayan bayanan wurare a cikin mutane kamar yadda yake a yanayin SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV.
Finally, same as the other HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in fecal samples.
A ƙarshe, daidai da sauran HCoVs, SARS-CoV-2 za'a iya gano su a cikin samfuran fecal.
Whether fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role as in the case of SARS-CoV at least under some circumstance remains to be clarified by future studies.
Nazarin cewa ko cutar SARS-CoV-2 ta yadu ta hanyar kashin da ya shiga ta baki ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada cutar SARS-CoV zai zama sai nan gaba za a tabbatar da haka a binciken da za a yi.
It is also of particularly great interest to see whether SARS-CoV-2 might exhibit seasonality as in the cases of community-acquired HCoVs.
Hakanan yana da matukar sha'awar ganin ko SARS-CoV-2 na iya bayyanar da yanayi kamar yadda al'amuran al'umma suka samu HCoVs.
Nevertheless, the features of SARS-CoV-2 including its transmissibility, pathogenicity and sustainable spreading after passages in humans will be influential on the ultimate fate of the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19.
Koyaya, siffofin SARS-CoV-2 gami da wucewa, pathogenicity da ci gaba mai yadawa bayan wurare a cikin mutane zasu zama masu tasiri akan ƙarshen ƙaddarar barkewar COVID-19.
All four community-acquired HCoVs causing mild symptoms have been well adapted to humans.
Dukkanin al'ummomin guda huɗu sun samo HCoVs waɗanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka masu alaƙa sun daidaita ga mutane.
From another perspective, it might also be true that humans have been well adapted to these four HCoVs.
Ta wata hanyar, zai iya zama gaskiya ne cewa 'yan Adam sun daidaita da waɗannan HCoVs huɗu.
In other words, both could be the survivors of ancient HCoV pandemics.
Ta wata hanyar, duka biyun zasu iya kasancewa daga rayuwar tsoffin anoban HCoV.
HCoVs that cause severe diseases in humans and humans who developed severe HCoV diseases have been eliminated.
HCoVs waɗanda ke haifar da mummunan cututtuka a cikin mutane da mutane waɗanda suka kamu da mummunan cututtukan HCoV an kawar dasu.