atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Thus, we can only refer to previous studies on other CoVs, especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4).
Don haka, zamu iya komawa ne kawai ga binciken da muka gabata akan wasu CoVs, musamman SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV (Fig. (Fig. 4).4).
In general, after a virus invades the host, it is first recognized by the host innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including C-type lectin-like receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR), NOD-like receptor (NLR), and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR).
Gabaɗaya, bayan da kwayar cutar ta mamaye mai watsa shiri, an fara gane ta hanyar rigakafin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar karɓa (PRRs) gami da masu karɓa na nau'in irin-C, kamar-Toll mai karɓa (TLR), mai karɓar kamar-NOD mai karɓa (NLR) , da kamar-RIG-I mai karɓa (RLR).
Through different pathways, the virus induces the expression of inflammatory factors, maturation of dendritic cells, and synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs) which limit the spreading of the virus and accelerate macrophage phagocytosis of viral antigens.
Ta hanyar hanyoyi daban-daban, kwayar cutar ta haifar da bayyanar da abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi, matattarar ƙwayoyin dendritic, da haɓaka nau'in I interferons (IFNs) waɗanda ke iyakance yaduwar ƙwayar cuta kuma suna haɓaka matakan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta.
However, the N protein of SARS-CoV can help the virus escape from the immune responses.
Duk da haka, sinadarin furotin N na SARS-CoV zai iya taimakawa kwayar cutar ta tsere daga amsawar garkuwan jiki.
Soon, the adaptive immune response joins the fight against the virus.
Ba da daɗewa ba, amsar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta shiga cikin yaƙi da ƙwayar cuta.
T lymphocytes including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play an important role in the defense.
T lymphocytes ciki har da CD4 + da CD8 + T tantanin halitta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsaron.
CD4+ T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies, and CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.
Tantanin halita CD4 + T suna motsa ƙwayoyin B don samar da ƙayyadaddun rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma sel CD8 + T tantanin halita na kashe kwayoyin cutar da suka kamu da ciwo kai tsaye.
T helper cells produce proinflammatory cytokines to help the defending cells.
Mai taimakon tantanin halita T ta samar da cytokines na kumburi don taimakawa kwayoyin da ke kare su.
However, CoV can inhibit T cell functions by inducing apoptosis of T cells.
Duk da haka, CoV zai iya hana ayyukan tantanin halita T ta hanyar gabatar da apoptosis na tantanin halita T.
The humoral immunity including complements such as C3a and C5a and antibodies is also essential in combating the viral infection.
Rigakafin ƙwaƙwalwar ciki har da haɗi kamar C3a da C5a da ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki suna da mahimmanci don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta.
For example, antibodies isolated from a recovered patient neutralized MERS-CoV.
Alal misali, warewar kwayoyin garkuwar jiki daga wani mara lafiya mai warkewa ya watsar da MERS-CoV.
On the other hand, an overreaction of the immune system generates a large number of free radicals locally that can cause severe damages to the lungs and other organs, and, in the worst scenario, multi-organ failure and even death.
A gefe guda, wuce gona da iri na tsarin rigakafi yana haifar da babban adadin radadi kyauta a cikin gida wanda zai iya haifar da lahani ga huhu da sauran gabobin, kuma, a cikin mummunan yanayin, gazawar ƙwayoyin cuta da dama har ma da mutuwa.
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
Kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar haɗuwa, yana yuwuwar kama tsofaffi masun zama da wasu cututtuka da mata masu juna biyu.
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
Abu ne gama gari cewa ga mutanen da ke kamuwa da ɗimbin ƙwayoyin cuta ko waɗanda aka keɓance ayyukan su, suna da damar da za su kamu da ita fiye da sauran.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
An kiyasta cewa lokacin girman SARS-CoV-2 shine ranakun 1-14, yawancin kwanaki 3-7 bisa ya danganta ga binciken farkon mutane 425 wanda suka kamu da cutar cikin Wuhan.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
Duk da haka, binciken akan mutane 1,099 masu cutan ya nuna cewa kwanakin haifarwa shine kwana 3 a matsakaita kuma daga ranakun 0 zuwa 24.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
Wani ƙarin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, ya nuna cewa lokacin shiryawa ya kasance kwanaki 4.8 (3.0-7.2) kwanaki bisa ga tarihin kamuwar mutane 8,866.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga hukumomin kiwon lafiya su daidaita lokacin keɓancewa daidai gwargwado lokacin shiryayye, don haka hana kamuwa da cuta amma mutanen da ba su da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ga wasu.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
A matsayin al’adar yau da kulum, mutanen da ke a fili, ko masu kamuwa da cutar, yawanci ana buƙatar ware kansu na kwanaki 14.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
Shin yakamata a tsawan lokacin keɓewa zuwa kwanaki 24?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Zazzabi shine babban kuma farkon nuna alamar COVID-19, wanda za'a iya haɗa shi ba tare da wata alama ba ko wasu alamomi kamar bushewar tari, gajeruwar numfashi, ciwon jijiyoyi, matsanancin ƙarfi, ciwon kai, ciwon makogwaro, rhinorrhea, ciwon kirji, zawo, tashin zuciya, da amarwa.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
Wasu marasa lafiya sun sami dyspnea da / ko hypoxemia mako guda bayan farkon cutar.
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
A cikin mawuyacin hali, marasa lafiya sun sami saurin don haɓaka cutar hanyoyin numfashi mai tsanani, girgizawar jijiyoyin jiki, acidosis metabolic, da coagulopathy.
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
Marasa lafiya da zazzabi da/ko alamomin hanyoyin numfashi da zazzabi mai tsanani, koda ba tare da alamun cutar huhun ciki ba, yakamata a bincika kwayar cutan don gano shi da sauri.
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
Wani binciken alƙaluma a ƙarshen Disamba na 2019 ya nuna cewa kashiɗarin bayyanar cututtuka sun kasance kashi 98% ga zazzabi, kashi 76% don bushewar bushe, kashi 55% don dyspnea, da kashi 3% don zawo; 8% na marasa lafiya suna buƙatar tallafin iska.
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
An bayar da rahoton irin daya a cikin binciken biyu na kwanan nan game da tarin iyali da kuma tari wanda ya haifar ta hanyar watsawa daga mutum mai nunin alamar ciwon.
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
A kwatancewa, a binciken mutane a shekarar 2012 ya nuna cewa masu cutar MERS-CoV suma suna da zazzabi kashi (98%), bushewar tari kashi (47%), da dyspnea kashi (55%) a matsayin babban alamun su.
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
Duk da haka, kashi 80% daga cikinsu suna buƙatar tallafin shakar iska, fiye da marasa lafiyar COVID-19 kuma sun dace da mafi girmar kamuwar MERS fiye da na COVID-19.
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
An kuma lura da zawo kashi (26%) da ciwon makogwaro kashi (21%) tare da marasa lafiyar MERS.
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
A cikin marasa lafiya na SARS, an nuna cewa zazzabi kashi (99% -100%), tari mai bushewar kashi (29% -75%), dyspnea kashi (40% -42%), zawo kashi (20-25%), da ciwon makogwaro kashi (13 -25%) sune manyan alamu kuma ana buƙatar tallafin iska don kusan kashi 14% -20% na marasa lafiya.
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
Ya zuwa ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, mutuwar COVID-19 ya zama kashi 2% lokacin da aka tabbatar da masu kamuwa da chutar sun kai 66,576 a duk duniya.
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
Kwatancen, mutuwa don SARS daga Nuwamba 2002 shine kashi 10% na mutane 8,096 wanda aka tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar.
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
Ga MERS, dangane da binciken alƙaluma a watan Yuni na 2012, mutuwa ta kasance kashi 37% daga cikin 2,494 lamari da aka tabbatar.
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
Wani binciken da aka yi a baya ya ba da rahoton cewa R0 na SARS-CoV-2 ya yi sama da 6.47 tazarar amintace na kashi 95% (CI) na 5.71-7.23, yayin da R0 na SARS-CoV ya jera daga 2 zuwa 4 kawai.
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
An gabatar da kwatancen SARS-CoV-2 tare da MERS-CoV da SARA-CoV dangane da alamomin su, mace-mace, da kuma R0 a cikin Tebur Tebur1.1.
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
Abubuwan da ke sama suna ba da shawara cewa SARS-CoV-2 suna da iko mafi girma don yadawa fiye da MERS-CoV da SARS-CoV, amma ba shi da kasala fiye da na ƙarshen biyu.
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Don haka, ya fi fuskantar kalubale sosai wajen shawo kan cutar SARS-CoV-2 fiye da MERS-CoV da SARS-CoV.
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
Gungura wuri daya yakan faru sau dayawa ne a cikin dangi guda ɗaya ko daga taro guda ɗaya ko abin hawa kamar jirgin ruwan.
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
Marasa lafiya galibi suna da tarihin tafiya ko zama a Wuhan ko wasu wuraren da cutar ta shafa ko kuma hulɗa da masu kamuwa da cuta ko kuma marasa lafiya a cikin makwanni biyu da suka gabata kafin an fara.
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
Duk da haka, an ba da rahoton cewa mutane na iya ɗaukar kwayar cutar ba tare da alamu fiye da makonni biyu ba sannan kuma warkewar marasa lafiyar da aka kwantar da su daga asibitoci na iya ɗaukar cutar ta sake, wanda ke aika ƙararrawa don ƙara lokacin keɓewa.
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
Marasa lafiya suna da daidai ko rage lambar yanki farin jini (musamman cututtukan lymphocytes) a farkon matakin.
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
Alal misali, lymphopenia tare da yawan farin jinin tantanin halita <4 × 109/L hade da yawan lymphocyte <1×109/L, kuma an daga matakan asotate aminotransferase da viremia a marasa lafiya guda 1,099 wanda suka kamu da COVID-19.
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
Matakin hanta da jijiyar enzymes da myoglobin sun karu a cikin jinin wasu marasa lafiya, kuma an karuwar furotin C-mai martani da dalakawarr erythrocyte a cikin jinin na yawancin marasa lafiya.
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
A cikin marasa lafiya da ke da tsananin cuta, matakin D-dimer, samfurin fibrin mai lalatawa da ke akwai cikin jini, ya haɓaka, kuma an rage adadin ƙwayar cutar ta lymphocyte.
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
Rashin lafiya cikin hoton rediyon kirji ana samun shi a cikin mafi yawan marasa lafiya na COVID-19 kuma an nuna su ta hanyar inuwa biyu na inuwa ko kuma gilashin ƙasa a cikin huhu.
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Yawanci marasa lafiya kan haifar da ciwon huhu, raunin huhu mai tsanani, da cutar hanyoyin numfashi mai tsanani (ARDS).
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
Lokacin da ARDS ta faru, kumburin da ba a sarrafa shi ba, tara ruwa, da fibrosis mai ci gaba sun lalata mummunar musayar gas sosai.
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
Rashin daidaituwa na nau'in-I da nau'in-II na pneumocytes yana rage matakin surfactant kuma yana kara tashin hankali, ta haka ne rage ikon fadadar huhun da kara hadarin rushewar huhu.
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
Sabili da haka, binciken mafi munin hoton zuciya sau da yawa suna kama da mafi girman yanayin cutar.
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 2020, bincike na farko na COVID-19 ya nuna rashin cancanci na pneumocytes, hyaline membrane, da kuma ƙwayar cuta ta mahaifa, da tantanin halita da yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhun masu cuta wanda ya mutu da cutar, ya yi daidai da yanayin kamuwar cutar makamacin ARDS da marasa lafiyar SARS da MERS.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Ganowar SARS-CoV-2 RNA ta hanyar juyawar sarkar polymerase wato (reverse-transcriptase) (RT-PCR) anyi amfani da shi azaman manyan ka'idojin gwajin cutar COVID-19.
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
Duk da haka, saboda kiyatsa girman babu-rashi, wanda zai iya hanzartawar annoban, an fara amfani da alamun bayyanar asibiti don ganewar asali (wanda bai dogara ga RT-PCR ba) kadai ba a kasar Sin a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 2020.
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
Hakanan irin wannan yanayin ya faru tare da bayyanar cutar SARS.
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
Sabili da haka, haɗuwa da tarihin cutar, bayyanar asibiti, dakin gwaji da kuma binciken radiyo yana da mahimmanci kuma wajibi ne don yin ingantaccen bincike.
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2020, kungiyar Feng Zhang ta ba da bayanin wata hanyar yin amfani da fasahar SHERLOCK ta CRISPR don gano SARS-CoV-2, wanda ke gano ƙwayoyin SARS-CoV-2 RNA roba a 20 × 10-18 mol / L zuwa 200 × 10-18 mol / L (10-100 kwafa ta microliter na shigar) ta amfani da dipstick a cikin ƙasa da awa ɗaya ba tare da buƙatar bayyanin kayan aikin ba.
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
Da fatan, sabuwar dabarar za ta iya bunkasa hankali da kwanciyar hankali matukar an tabbatar cikin samfuran asibiti.
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
Saboda ƙarancin ƙwarewa tare da sabon labari na CoV, likitoci na iya samar da kulawa ta musamman ga marasa lafiyar COVID-19, yayin da ake ƙoƙarin hanyoyin jiyya da dama waɗanda aka yi amfani da su ko aka gabatar dasu don jiyyar wasu CoV kamar SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV da sauran cututtukan (Tebur 2).2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
Wadannan hanyoyin jinya na yanzu da kuma yiwuwar jiyya tare da magungunan rigakafi, da immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma daga majinyatan da suka sami sauki, magungunan Sinawa, da tallafin tunani.
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
Ko da plasma daga majinyatan da sun samu sauki an gabatar dasu ne domin ayi amfani dasu don jiyya.
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
Kamfanonin magunguna suna yin tsere don haɓaka ƙwayoyin garkuwa da alluran rigakafin kan kwayar cutan.
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 suna kai hari sosai a huhu a farawa kuma mai yiwuwa kuma suna kaiwa hari, zuwa ƙarancin ƙima, sauran gabobin da ke bayyana ACE2, kamar tsarin gastrointestinal da kodan.
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
Duk da haka, lalatawar hanyar numfashi da gazawa sune babbar haɗari ga marasa lafiya da babban dalilin mutuwa.
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
Saboda haka, tallafawar hanya numfashi yana da mahimmanci don sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtuka da kuma ceton rayuka kuma ya haɗa duk jiyya ta iska, iska mai saurin motsawa, samun iska daga na’ura, ya danganta ga tsananin cutar.
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
Marasa lafiya da bayyanar cutar hanyoyin numfashi mai tsanani dole ne a tallafa su da karin isaka (ECMO), wani ingantaccen dabarar bugun zuciya wanda aka yi amfani dashi don maganin cututtukan zuciya masu haɗari ko gazawar hanyoyin numfashi.
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Bugu da kari, da daidaitawar ma'aunin electrolyte, rigakafin da lura da kamuwa da cuta da sakin jiki, da kuma kariya daga ayyukan gabobin jiki ma suna da matukar muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya na SARS-CoV-2.
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
An san cewa guguwar cytokine tana faruwa ne sakamakon wuce gona da iri na tsarin rigakafi a cikin marasa lafiyar SARS da MERS.
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
Guguwar Cytokine wani nau'i ne na yanayi amsar tsarin kumburi wanda aka gabatar ta hanyar jerin cytokines da suka hada da TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, da MCP-1.
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
Waɗannan cytokines tare da tantanin halita mai garkuwa su saki ɗimbin kwayoyi mara canzawa waɗanda sune babban dalilin ARDS da kuma gazawar gabobin jiki da yawa.
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
Danna rigakafi yana da muhimmanci a lura da guguwar cytokine, musamman a cikin majinyata masu rauni sosai.
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
Corticosteroids da tocilizumab, anti-IL6 monoclonal garkuwar jiki, an yi amfani dasu don magance guguwar cytokine.
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Sauran jiyya danna rigakafi don guguwa ta cytokine sun hada da daidaitawa da amsawa kai tsaye na rigakafin tantanin halita T; toshewar IFN-γ, IL-1, da TNF; JAK hanawa; blinatumomab; mai danna alamar cytokine 4; da HDAC masu hanawa.
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Maganin Steroids, kamar immunosuppressants, aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin lura da SARS don rage tsananin lalacewa kumburi.
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
Duk da haka, shan steroids sosai ba su da fa'ida ga mummunan raunin huhu a cikin marasa lafiyar SARS da COVID-19.
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
Madadin haka, suna iya haifar da mummunar illa, musamman cututtukan osteonecrosis, da ke haifar da tasirin cutar.
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Kodayake, gajerun darussan na corticosteroids a ƙarancin-zuwa-matsakaitan allurai an bada shawarar ayi amfani dasu da hankali don marasa lafiya COVID-19 marasa lafiya.
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
A lokacin rubutu, babu ingantaccen maganin rigakafi da aka tabbatar.
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
Duk da haka, badawa ta jijiya da remdesivir, wani nucleotide na analog, ana samun inganci a cikin marasa lafiyar COVID-19 na Amurka.
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
Remdesivir wata sabon maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda Gidiyon ta kirkiro da farko don jiyyar cututtukan da cutar Ebola da Marlburg suka haifar.
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
Daga baya, sakatariya ya kuma nuna yiwuwar hana sauran kwayoyin cutar RNA guda da suka hada da kwayoyin cututtukar MERS da SARS.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
Dangane da waɗannan, Gidiyon ya ba wa mahaɗin zuwa China don gudanar da gwaji guda biyu a kan mutane masu kamuwa da cutar SARS-CoV-2, kuma ana sa ran samun sakamako sosai.
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
Bugu da ƙari, an ba da shawarar baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, da ribavirin a matsayin hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin marasa lafiya wanda ke da cutar hanyoyin numfashi mai tsanani.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Zawo, tashin zuciya, amai, lalacewar hanta, da sauran raunin azaba na iya faruwa bayan an haɗawar jinyar tare da lofinavir/ritonavir.
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
Hulɗawar waɗannan jiyya tare da wasu magunguna da aka yi amfani da su a cikin marasa lafiya ya kamata a sa ido sosai.
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
Plasma daga marasa lafiya da suka samu sauki da garkuwar jiki.
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
Tarin jini daga marasa lafiyar da suka murmure daga wata cuta mai yaduwa don yi wa wasu marasa lafiya da ke fama da wannan cuta ko kuma kare lafiyar mutane daga kamuwa da cutar yana da dogon tarihi.
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
Tabbas, mara lafiyar da aka dawo dasu galibi suna da babban matakin kariya daga kwayar cuta a cikin jinin su.
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
Garkuwar jiki sune rigakafi immunoglobulin (Ig) wanda aka samar daga B lymphocytes don yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran abubuwa na ƙasashen waje kuma suna sane da kwayoyi na musamman a cikin cututtukan da ke cikin su.
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
Dangane da wannan, an karɓo plasma daga jinin gungun masu haƙuri waɗanda suka warke daga COVID-19 kuma an saka shi cikin marasa lafiya 10 mara lafiya sosai.
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
Alamar cutar su ta inganta cikin sa'o'i 24, tare da rage kumburi da rahusa da kuma inganta jijiyar oxygen a cikin jini.
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
Duk da haka, tabbatarwa da bayani wajibi ne don gabatar da hanyar don babban amfani kafin takamaiman hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ba su inganta ba.
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
Bugu da kari, da aka ba da tasirin warkewa, za a yi la’akari da wasu kasala da ke da alaƙa da plasma a hankali.
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
Alal misali, cututtukan rigakafi na iya wuce gona da iri kan hanyar kariya kuma suna haifar da sakin alamar alcytokine, wanda ke iya zama haɗarin rayuwa.
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
Taruwar garkuwar jiki cikin jini yawancin lokuta na ƙadan, kuma buƙatun plasma yana da yawa don kula da marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiya.
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
Yana da wuya a haɓaka da samar da takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi cikin hanzari don yaƙi da annobar duniya.
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
Don haka, abu mafi mahimmanci ne kuma mai kyawu ne a kebe tantanin halittar jikin B (B cells) daga marassa lafiyar da suka warke kuma gano lambobin kwayar halitta wadanda ke hade da ingantattun garkuwar jiki ko duba garkuwa musamman a kan muhimman furotin na kwayan cutar.
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya haɓaka samar da magungunan garkuwar jiki.
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
An yi amfani da TCM don magance wasu cututtuka da yawa a kasar Sin har tsawon dubunnan shekaru.
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
Duk da haka, tasirin sa ya dogara ne akan haɗakar abubuwan haɗin da yawa a cikin tsari wanda ya bambanta dangane da binciken cutar da aka yi la'akari da tunanin TCM.
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
Yawancin ingantattun abubuwanda ake aiki dasu ba'a san su ba ko kuma marasa fahimta ne saboda yana da wahalar cirewa da tabbatar da irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin ko abubuwan haɗin su.
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
A halin yanzu, saboda rashin inganci da takamaiman jiyyar COVID-19, TCM ya zama ɗayan daga cikin hanyoyin jiyyan marasa lafiya tare da haske zuwa alamu na matsakaicin alama ko ga waɗanda suka warke daga matsanancin matakai.
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
Alal misali, maganin kawan Shu Feng Jie Du da maganin kawan Lian Hua Qing Wen an samu sun dace don jinyar COVID-19.
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
Babban warkarwa marasa lafiyar COVID-19 a cikin larduna da yawa na kasar Sin wadanda ke amfani da TCM a cikin kashi 87% bisa dari na marasa lafiyar su, ciki har da Gansu kashi (63.7%), Ningxia kashi (50%), da Hunan kashi (50%), yayin da lardin Hubei, wanda ya yi amfani da TCM a kusan kashi 30% na masu cutar COVID-19, suna da mafi ƙarancin warkewa kashi (13%).
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
Duk da haka, wannan ya zama kwatanci mara kyau kamar yadda sauran dalilai masu tasiri kamar lamba da tsananin marasa lafiya yakamata a saka su cikin kimantawa.
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, 2020, Boli Zhang da abokan aikin ta sun buga wani bincike don kwatanta magani na yamma (WM) jinyar shi kaɗai tare da haɗin maganin WM da TCM.
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
Sun gano cewa lokutan da ake buƙata don murmurewar yanayin jiki, ɓarnawar alama, da kuma asibiti mafi ƙaranci a cikin rukunin WM + TCM fiye da ƙungiyar cikin WM ƙungiyar kawai.
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
Mafi ban sha'awa, rauni da yake ƙaruwa da cuta (daga haske zuwa mai tsanani) ya kasance ƙarancin ƙungiyar WM + TCM fiye da na ƙungiyar WM kawai kashi (7.4% kusa da 46.2%) kuma yawan mutuwa ya kasance ƙasa a cikin rukunin WM + TCM fiye da WM kawai rukuni kashi (8.8% a kan 39%).
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
Koyaya, inganci da lafiyar TCM har yanzu suna jiran ƙarin gwaji da aka sarrafa sosai a sikeli mafi girma da kuma a cikin ƙarin cibiyoyin.
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa don sanin yanayin ayyukan da bayyana ingantattun kayan aikin jiyya na TCM ko haɗinsu idan zai yiwu.
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
Marasa lafiya da ake zargi ko aka tabbatar da COVID-19 yawan lokuta suna fuskantar babbar fargaba game da cutar mai yaduwa har ma da kisa, kuma mutanen da ke keɓewa kuma suna fuskantar bacin rai, kadaici, da fushi.
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
Bayan haka, alamomin kamuwa da cuta kamar zazzabin, cututtukan rashin iska, da tari kazalika da illa dabam-dabam na jinyar kamar cutar rashin bacci wanda corticosteroids ke hadasa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa da damuwa ta hankali.
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
A farkon barkewar cutar ta SARS, an sami dumbin cututtukan kwakwalwa da suka hada da ci gaba da damuwa, damuwa, fargaba, tashin hankali, alamomin tabin hankali, tashin hankali, har ma da kashe kansa.
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
M lamba tuntuɓe da keɓe masu ciwo, a matsayin wani ɓangare na martanin lafiyar jama'a game da yaduwar COVID-19, zai iya sa mutane su zama masu yawan damuwa da masu laifi game da sakamakon yaduwar, keɓewa, da ki kan iyali da abokai.
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
Don haka, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta lafiyar kwakwalwa ga marasa lafiya na COVID-19, waɗanda ake zargi, da mutanen da ke hulɗa da su da kuma sauran jama'a waɗanda ke da buƙata.
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
Taimakon tunani ya kamata ya haɗa da kafa ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiyar masu tunani iri-iri, bayyanannun sadarwa tare da sabuntawa na yau da kullun game da fitowar SARS-CoV-2 da tsare-tsaren kulawa da kuma amfani da na'urorin lantarki da aikace-aikace don guje wa kusanci da juna.
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
Magungunan rigakafi suna da mahimmanci don katse hanyoyin yadawa daga jikin dabbobi da kuma kamuwar mutane zuwa masu bada cutar a saukake kuma galibi suna taimakawa ga maganin jinyar garkuwar kwayoyin cuta don magancewar anoba wanda ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa ke haifar.
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
An yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka alluran rigakafin mai-furotin S don samar da magungunan rigakafi na dogon lokaci da kuma watsewar garkuwa jiki da/ko kariya daga garkuwar kariya daga cutar SARS-CoV.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
An kimanta allurar rigakafi masu rai cikin samfurin dabbobi SARS.
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
Koyaya, ingancin waɗannan maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin tsofaffi mutane da samfuran ƙarancin cuta da kariyarsu game da kamuwa da cutar ƙwayar cutar zoonotic har yanzu ba a ƙaddara su ba kafin fara nazarin asibiti.
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
Wataƙila saboda SARS ya mutu ƙasa 17 da suka wuce kuma ba a sake samun wani sabon mai kamuwa ba.
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
A hanya daban, lamari masu lalacewa da kuma gungu na MERS suna ci gaba da faruwa a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma suka watsu zuwa wasu yankuna sakamakon dorewar hanyoyin zoonotic a cikin wurare masu cutarwa.
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
An tsara dabarun yin rigakafi don MERS ta amfani da ƙwayar cuta mara ƙarfi, abubuwan plasmids na DNA, ƙwayoyin cuta na viral, abubuwan nanoparticles, kamar-ƙwayoyin cuta barbashi da ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki da aka kimanta su kuma a wasu samfuran dabbobi.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
Haɓaka ingantaccen maganin rigakafi daga SARS-CoV-2 ga mutane marasa garkuwa abu ne mai gaggawa da mahimmanci don magance annoba da ke ci gaba.
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
Duk da haka, yana da ƙalubale don shawo kan wahalar saboda tsawon lokaci (aƙalla watanni 18) da ake buƙata don haɓaka maganin alurar rigakafi da bambancin canji na CoVs.
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
A matsayin sabon cuta, COVID-19 ya fara bayyana cikakkiya a matsayin ciwon asibiti ta wurin dubban masu kamuwa da cutar.
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
A mafi yawacin alamari, marasa lafiya na iya murmurewa a hankali ba tare da sequelae ba.
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
Duk da haka, mai kama da SARS da MERS, COVID-19 shima yana da alaƙa da mutuwa sosai a cikin marasa lafiya da suke da tsananin lamarin cutan.
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
Don haka, kirkirar tsarin tsinkaye game da cutar yana da mahimmanci ga hukumomin kiwon lafiya don ba da fifikon ayyukanta, musamman a wuraren da ake wahalar samar da albarkatu.
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
Dangane da binciken asibiti wanda aka ruwaito har zuwa yanzu, abubuwan da ke ƙasa na iya shafar ko kuma za a iya danganta su da haɓakar marasa lafiya na COVID-19 (Tebur (Tebur33)):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
Shekaru: Shekaru shine mafi mahimmancin hangen nesa na SARS, wanda gaskiya ne ga COVID-19.
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
COVID-19 ya faru ne sosai a cikin shekaru 30-65 tare da kashi 47.7% na waɗannan marasa lafiya sun fi 50 a cikin nazarin lamarin cutar 8,866 kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar tsananin kulawa sun fi iya samun wasu cututtuka na lokaci daya da rikitarwa kuma sun fi tsufa da waɗanda ba suyi (a cikin shekarun tsakiya na 66 da 51), suna ba da shawara ga shekarun a matsayin hangar zuwan cutar don sakamakon marasa lafiya na COVID-19.
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
Jima'i: SARS-CoV-2 ya fi kama maza fiye da mata (0.31 / 100,000 a kan 0.27 / 100,000), kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
Rashin daidaituwa da wahala: Marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19 waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi sun fi fuskantar wahala ga mummunan rauni na zuciya da arrhythmia.
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
Aukuwar ciwon zuciya shima babban dalilin mutuwa a cikin masu cutar SARS.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
An ba da rahoton cewa SARS-CoV-2 na iya ɗaure zuwa ACL2-tabbatacce cholangiocytes, wanda zai haifar da rashin aikin hanta a cikin marasa lafiyar COVID-19.
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa shekaru da cutar na da dangantaka sosai kuma suna iya tsoma baki ga juna.
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
Binciken dakin gwaji wanda ba a hanya ba ne: C-reactive protein (CRP) mataki a jini yana nuna tsananin zafin kumburi ko raunin nama kuma an gabatar da shi don zama mai yuwuwar asarar cutar, amsar jin magani, da murmurewa ta ƙarshe.
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
Hulɗawar matakin CRP zuwa ga tsananin da kuma hangar zuwan cutar COVID-19 shi ma an shawarta.
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
Bugu da ƙari, ɗaukaka lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), da creatine kinase (CK) zasu iya taimakawa hango ko hasashen sakamakon.
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
Ana nuna waɗannan ƙwayoyin enzyme a cikin gabobin da yawa, musamman a zuciya da hanta, kuma ana sake su yayin lalata nama.
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
Don haka, su masun makin gargajiyar zuciya ko rashin aikin hanta da kyau.
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
Manyan alamun cututtukan asibiti: Hoto zuciya da ci gaban wucin gadin alamun asibiti na bayyanar cututtuka ya kamata a bincika tare da sauran maganganun don annabta sakamako da rikitarwar COVID-19.
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Amfani da magungunan steroid: Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, steroids immunosuppressant ne da aka saba amfani da shi azaman hanyar haɗin kan jinyar cututtuka don rage tsananin lalacewa kumburi.
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
Tunda yawan magungunan corticosteroids an yi amfani dashi sosai a cikin majinyata na SARS, da yawa daga waɗanda suka tsira suka sha wahala daga cututtukan osteonecrosis tare da nakasassu na rayuwa da ƙarancin rayuwa.
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
Don haka, idan ana buƙata, ya kamata a yi amfani da steroids don sha kadan kuma don ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin marasa lafiya na COVID-19.
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Tabin hankali: Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, lokacin barkewar COVID-19 yawancin marasa lafiya suna shan wahala daga matsananciyar damuwa yayin da suke jure tsawon lokaci na keɓancewa da matsanancin rashin tabbas kuma suna ganin mutuwar dangi da kuma abokan rashin lafiyar.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Yana da mahimmanci a samar da shawarwari na tunani da tallafi na dogon lokaci don taimakawa waɗannan marasa lafiya su murmure daga damuwa kuma su koma rayuwan da aka saba yi.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
Dangane da binciken alƙalumma har ya zuwa yanzu, da alamar COVID-19 na da fasalin cututtukan annoba daban-daban daga SARS.
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
Bugu da kari ga maimaitawa cikin hanyar numfashi na kasa, SARS-CoV-2 na iya rabuwa sosai a cikin hanyar numfashi na sama kuma ya haifar da karama ko babu nuna alamun farkon kamuwa da cutar, mai kama da sauran CoVs waɗanda ke haifar da mura na yau da kullun.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Sabili da haka, marasa lafiya masu kamuwa da cuta a farkon lokaci ko lokacin shiryawa na iya samar da adadin ƙwayar cuta lokacin ayyukan yau da kullun, yana haifar da babban wahala don magance annobar.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Duk da haka, an dauke watsar da SARS-CoV na faru lokacin da marasa lafiya ke fama da rashin lafiya, yayin da yawancin watsawa basu faru ba a farkon lokaci.
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Don haka, barkewar COVID-19 na yanzu ya fi tsanani da wahala wajen sarrafawa fiye da barkewar SARS.