atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
RCGP RSC, ta hanyar fadada ayyukanta, za ta ba da kulawa ta virological da serological don saka idanu kan sauye-sauye da yanayin rarraba COVID-19 a cikin alumma, tare da tantance tasirin dabarun garkuwa.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Ba za muyi aiki a ware ba a kan wannan binciken.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Za mu raba wannan yarjejeniya tare da abokan aiki na Burtaniya da kuma kungiyar hadin gwiwar I-MOVE wadanda kwanan nan suka sami tallafin EU Horizon 2020 daga rafin “Inganta ilimi don martani na asibiti da kuma lafiyar jama'a game da annobar cutar coronavirus.”
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Ana tsammanin babban inganci a cikin aikin gudanarwa zai haifar da wannan haɗin gwiwar fiye da wadatar da aka samu daga ƙasashen da ke aiki kai kaɗai.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Manufar wannan binciken ita ce gano ko akwai yaduwar cuta CoVID-19 cikin al'umma wanda ba a sani ba, kimanta kamuwar yawan jama'a, da sanya idon wucin gadi da kuma rarrabawa kamuwar COVID-19 a yankunan al'umma.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Manufofin wannan binciken kamar haka:
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Don sa ido kan nauyin da ake zargi na aikin COVID-19 a cikin al'umma ta hanyar kulawa da kulawa ta farko da kuma ƙaddamar da asibiti na yiwuwar shari'oin COVID-19 da aka ambata a cikin hanyar ɓoye
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Don samar da shaidar virological kan kasancewar yanayin rashin gano watsa cutar COVID-19 cikin al'umma da kuma lura da adadin kamuwa tsakanin mutane waɗanda ke gabatar da ILI ko tsanancin kamuwa da cutan hanyoyin numfashi zuwa farkon kulawa.
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Don kimanta daidaitaccen tushe zuwa COVID-19 a cikin al'umma kuma ƙididdige masu alamuncututtuka da marasa alamu fallasa a cikin yawan jama'a ta hanyar seroprevalence saka idanu
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Don aiwatar da wani tsari na tattara tarin kwayar cuta tare da bayanan tsofaffi tsakanin bayanan da aka samu na COVID-19 da aka sallama a cikin alumma
We intend to capture the following.
Munyi nufin kama wadannan.
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Abun aikin asibiti wanda ya shafi rahotannin COVID-19 ta amfani da lambobin da aka kirkira don yiwa shari'ar tutar, wadanda ba'a tantance su ba kuma a inda ake samun kamuwa da cuta (Alƙalawa 2 -44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Kasashen waje wadanda aka ziyarta cikin kwanaki 28 da suka gabata
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Akwai lambobin da zasu kasance suna da amfani (Tebur 1--3) .3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
Yawancin GPs da ƙungiyoyin farkon kulawa ba sa iya gane cewa mahimman bayanai masu mahimmanci za a iya saka masu lamba.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Hakanan akwai yuwuwar yayin kowace cutar don saka idanu kan tasirin kowane matakan sarrafa yaduwa.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Amintaccen lamba na haruffa da sakamakon gwajin da zai nuna kamuwa da cuta ya zama an tabbatar ko an cire shi
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Hanyoyin za su bi tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sa ido na yau da binciken serology na kwanan nan, kuma ya haɗa da abubuwa guda biyar: (1) sa idon kulawar ta farko na asibiti; (2) sa ido kan ayyukan virology; (3) lura da yanayin yawan jama'a; (4) samun sauki daga cutar sera; da (5) daidaicin bayanai.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS suna amfani da Tsarin lambar yanayi na Tsarin Kiraji (SNOMED CT), wanda ake sabuntawa sau biyu kawai a shekara.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
An kara rikicewa yayin da wasu keɓaɓɓen rakodin likitancin kwamfuta (CMR) ke ba su yi amfani da Karatun tsarin lamba (Karanta sharuɗɗan asibiti sigar na 3 - CTv3), wanda ba a sabuntawa ba.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Bugu da ƙari, babu lambobin asibiti don yin ajiyar COVID-19 a farkon Fabrairu 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Saboda haka, manyan masu samar da tsarin GP guda biyu sun kara sharuddan guda biyar da aka nuna a Tebur 4 matsayin mahimman ƙa'idodin gida.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Bayanin gaggawa na Burtaniya na SNOMED CT Concepts na COVID-19 shima daga baya an samar dashi a dukkan tsarin CMR (Table 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Manufar shine a ƙarshe za a tsara waɗannan zuwa sabbin dabarun SNOMED CT kamar yadda suke zama, suna ba da damar rikodin bayanai masu dacewa (Appendix Multimidiya 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Makasudin abin da ake bukata don wannan sakin shine ikon yin lamba (Jadawalin 4) yanayin COVID-19, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta (tafiya zuwa yankin da akwai haɗarin mafi girma), hada jiki da duk wani wanda ya kamu da COVID-19, rahoto cewa an gwada mutum don COVID-19, kuma an cire cutar (wataƙila gwaji ya nuna babu).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Bugu da kari, ayyuka yanzu suna iya tsara duk wani balaguro na balaguro da ya gudana, gami da ikon yin rikodin ziyarar zuwa kasashe da dama (wanda aka aiwatar a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu, 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Siffa 2-44 yana nuna aiwatarwar EMIS ta yanar gizo.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
A halin yanzu, samfuran virology don lura da mura suna tare da ingantaccen fom na buƙatun.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
Don COVID-19, zamu ƙirƙiri sabon tsari na neman izini wanda zai yi rikodin:
Date of onset of symptoms
Ranar fara bayyanar cututtuka
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Bincikar kowande irin cuta kamar haka:
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis a cikin wadancan 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
kananan Cututtukan nunfashi (LRTI)
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Tarihin zazzabi (Y/N); auna (Y/N); idan eh, matakin
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Raguwar numfashi (Y/N), idan an auna shi: cikawar iskar gas da adadin hanyar numfashi
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Tafiya a kwana nan (E/A); idan haka ne, kasashe wanda an ziyarta a cikin kwanaki 14 da suka gabata
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Tuntuɓi da wani mutum da aka ambata tare da tabbatar da COVID-19 (Y/N) tare da rubutun kyauta game da matakin tabbaci.
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Za a hada waɗannan lambobin cikin sirri ta hanyar “tabbatacce”, “mai yiwuwa”, “mai yiwuwa”, da kuma “ba hali ba” ta amfani da tsarin mu na lambobin rukuni (Jadawalin 5), wanda aka yi amfani da shi a baya a duk faɗin cutar.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
An bayyana ma'anar RCGP RSC don ILI a cikin Shafin Multimedia na 2.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Gabatarwa Bayanai ga Jama'a ta Amfani da Abin Lura da dashbod.
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Zamu haɓaka wani abin lura don gabatar da bayanai a cikin ƙasa da kuma dashboard don ba da ra'ayi ga ayyuka game da ingancin bayanan su da tarin samfuran virology da samfuran serology.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Wannan ya dogara ne akan lambar kwatankwacin lamba ta 4.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Za'a gabatar da kararraki mara iyaka a kan dashboard dinmu a matsayin "lokuta" na COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Za a gabatar da karar masu yiwuwa a matsayin "A karkashin bincike" (bincike).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
"""Ba damuwan ciwo ba ne"" za a gabatar da shi a matsayin ""Warewa""."
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
An kafa bayanan kan layi a cikin 'yan makonnin farko a cikin Abubuwan Lura COVID-19 (Hoto na 5), yana nuna jimlar yawan marasa lafiya da ragi a cikin marasa lafiya 10,000 na lokuta da aka tabbatar ko kuma a karkashin bincike, kazalika da wuraren da ba a keɓe cutar ba.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Muna da zaɓi don matsawa zuwa rahotannin sa ido na mako-mako sau biyu tare da iyakokin don canza wannan zuwa rahoton yau da kullun.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Za mu ci gaba da gudanar da gwajin barologi daga ayyukanmu na yau da kullun, maimakon dakatar da yadda cutar mura ta zamani ke raguwa.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Bugu da kari, zamu dauki karin ayyukan sa ido.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Ayyukan virology na RCGP RSC zai yi niyyar aiwatar da 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs a mako guda a fadin cibiyar sadarwar RCGP RSC, tattara samfurori a duk tsararrakin shekaru.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Baya ga ka'idodin hadawa don binciken cutar mura (ILI, babban mashako / mashako), ayyukan halartar za su ɗauki samfuran nasopharyngeal swab daga wasu mutanen da ke nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka na LRTI idan farawar bayyanar cututtuka ta kasance a cikin kwanaki 7.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Jami’an bincike na RCGP RSC da ma’aikatan hulda da juna za su tafiyar da al’amuran domin cimma daidaituwar samfurin kasa 200-300 swabs a mako guda.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Za'a iya ƙara wannan idan masu siye na PHE suna buƙatar ƙarin samfurori.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Samfurori daga kowane aikin za a bazu a cikin waɗannan shekaru masu zuwa: <shekaru 5, shekaru 5-17, shekaru18-64, da shekaru 65 da fi
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Samfurori (swabs ko serum) da aka tattara za'a aika su ta hanyar amsoshin da aka biya kafin lokacin da aka gabatar dasu ga dakin gwaje-gwajen PHE da suka dace don bincike.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Duk samfuran da aka tattara za'a gwada su don kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta mura da COVID-19.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Bugu da ƙari, PHE zata sake gwajin kowane samfuran cutar barologi da aka tattara tsakanin farkon zuwa tsakiyar Fabrairu 2020 don COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Ayyukan har yanzu za su bi ƙa'idodin PHE na COVID-19 dangane da mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta wanda ya kamata a nuna alamar hanyar rufewa, maimakon halartar aikinsu.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Gwajin kai tsaye na wadanda suka je aikin tiyata ya rage, amma kuma mun yi fitar-kai da kai a gida.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Takaitaccen bayani game da aiwatarwa daki a cikin Shafin Multimedia 3.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Duk wanda ke da ILI ko rashin lafiya na numfashi wanda ya tuntuɓi GP (misali, wayoyi don alƙawura) ya kamata a tambayi takamaiman game da balaguro na kwanan nan zuwa China da wasu ƙasashe da aka yi wa alama a cikin shawarar PHE na yanzu, ko kuma sun yi hulɗa tare da wasu mutanen da ke da COVID- 19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Idan waɗannan binciken suna da inganci, za a shawarci mai haƙuri da kada ya zo wurin aikin amma a maimakon haka ya bi takardar gudunarwar PHE.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Wannan na iya zama ta hanyar karbawa ko ma'aikatan asibiti, danganta ga aikin ɗabi'a na wani.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Wadannan kira ya kamata a sanya su cikin tsarin GP CMR kuma ana iya ba da rahoton su a zaman wani ɓangare na dawowar RCGP RSC mako-mako.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Mun haɓaka kayan horo don tallafawa wannan lambar (Siffar Multimedia 4).
These include prompt cards for:
Waɗannan sun haɗa da katunan gaggawa na:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Gudanar da karɓar liyafar ko ma'aikatan samarwa: don kwafin kowane marasa lafiya da ke kiran al'adar tare da alamun cututtukan matsananciyar cutar tare da tarihin tafiya zuwa wurare masu mahimmanci dangane da shawarar PHE
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Ma'aikatan Gudanarwa ko likitocin da suka tsara lamba: don ƙarfafa daidaitattun lambar sakamakon kowane yanayi da ake zargi, gami da samar da sakamako mara kyau na wariya
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Ayyukan da ke gudana a cikin sa ido kan cutar virology za su tattara samfurorin jini daga marasa lafiya da ke zuwa cikin al’adar gwajin jini na yau da kullun.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Marasa lafiya waɗanda suka halarci aikinsu don gwajin jini na yau da kullun za a nemi su ba da ƙarin samfurori don serology.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Mun gudanar da binciken farko a cikin bayanan RCGP RSC don duba adadin cikakken jini (FBC) Sakamako da kuma jimillar girma a cikin manya da yara (Adadi 6--9) .9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC shine daya daga cikin gwajin da aka saba yi, kuma muna fatan wannan zai ba da kusan alamar adadin lambobin gwajin jini da aka yi.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Adadin samfuri, a cikin 100,000 na marasa lafiya sun kasance mafi girma ga yara masu shekaru 15-17 da shekara 60 ko mazan a cikin manya, tare da mafi ƙarancin girma a cikin yara masu shekaru 0-4 da shekaru 18-29 a cikin manya (Adadi na 6- -99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Zamu samar da samfuran tushen serology 1000 a dukkan tsararraki da ke nuna bambancin yawan halartar zuwa shekaru.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Bugu da kari, zamu gwada idan zamu iya samun duka waɗannan daga ayyukan virology don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Kyakkyawan yaduwar ƙasa yana da mahimmanci, don haka PHE na iya ba da shawara kan fannoni Inda za'a iya tattara ilimin serology sosai.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Wannan zai biyo bayan samfurori 800 kowane wata.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Za a daidaita samfurin tare da samfurori 200 don binciken kafin-annoba (100 na kowane wata) a cikin kungiyoyin shekaru masu zuwa: <shekaru 5, shekaru 5-17, shekaru 18-64, da shekaru 65 ko fi.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Kananan mara lafiyar, a yawancin al'adu waɗanda shekarunsu ba su wuce 14 ba, kuma a kusan duka don yara youngeran ƙasa da shekaru 8 zasu buƙaci kula da ilimin yara.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Za mu haɗu da sabon fom na buƙatun don ayyuka don kama tafiya na kwanan nan da kuma bayyanuwa zuwa COVID-19.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Zamuyi gwajin makirci don tattara ilimin serology daga mutanen da ke da tabbacin cutar kuma wadanda suka kamu da cutar a lokacin kamuwa da cuta.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Wannan don gano yanayin kamfani a cikin marasa lafiyar da suka warke daga cutar amma ƙila su ci gaba da zubar da kwayar.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Idan akwai ƙananan lambobi, wannan na iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka kayan gwaji don marasa lafiya su ɗauka zuwa ga GP nasu kuma su bincika karɓar su ga marasa lafiya.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Idan akwai adadin COVID-19 da yawa a cikin ƙasa, ana iya tattara samfuran masu warkewar daga ayyukan RCGP RSC inda aka tabbatar da shari'o'i, tare da ikon haɗi zuwa cikakken ajiyar likita.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Wannan tsari na iya haɗawa da bincika lambobin NHS na pyeudonymized ga mutane masu tabbacin a al'amuran RCGP RSC, duba jagorar PHE na yanzu dangane da la'akari da kamuwa da cuta don yanayi da aka tabbatar, da kuma ba wa mara haƙuri alƙawarin da aka ambata a baya.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Wannan yana buƙatar haɗa shi sosai cikin ƙasa gabaɗaya akan hanyar sadarwa kuma yana iya buƙatar PHE don tabbatar da ba a tuntube mutane ba daga hukumomi da yawa.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC zai iya samar da tsari mai amfani don sanyawa farkon saduwa da zarar PHE tayi roko.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Ayyukan RCGP RSC da ke halartar aikin sa ido kan cutar ta kwalara na shekara-shekara sun fara samfurori daga marasa lafiya da ke nuna alamun cutar ta LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Duk samfuran da aka karɓa ana gwada su don mura da COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC zai bincika hanyoyi don tattara samfuran convalescent daga kowane marasa lafiya da aka gwada tabbatacce don COVID-19 ta hanyar fadada aikin sa ido na virological.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Daga farawa, zamu sanya bayanai a hankali don tabbatar da cewa za'a iya amfani dashi don binciken gaba.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Bayanai na asibitin mu za a haɗa su da ilimin barology.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Zamu daidaita bayanan mu ta amfani da ka'idojin da aka nemo, Masu Amfani da su, Mahimmanci, Maimaitawa.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Don sauƙaƙe wannan saitin bayananmu an lissafta tare da Binciken Lafiya na UK da Cibiyar Ba da Shaida ta Lafiya ta Turai.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Tsarin ilimin kididdiga yana cikin goyon bayan tsarin dabarun kamuwa da barkewar cutar, inda ake amfani da abubuwan da ba na maganin cututtukan ba wato (nonpharmaceutical interventions) (NPIs) ana amfani da su domin amsar annoba da ke tasowa don samar da abin da zai daina cutar.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
Wannan manufar tana nufin rage yawan saduwa a cikin jama'a don haka rage watsa kwayar cutar.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Don aiwatar da wannan, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta bayyana kwanan nan sha'awar aiwatar da matakan kebanta jama'a.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Ta hanyar niyya lambar haifuwa (R) (matsakaicin adadin shari'oin sakandare kowane lamari yana haifar da) da nufin rage R zuwa ƙasa 1, manufofin suna neman rage lambobin yanayin zuwa ƙananan matakan ko (kamar yadda aka gani a cikin barkewar cutar ta baya tare da mummunan matsananciyar numfashi. ciwo da Ebola) don kawar da watsawar mutum-da-mutum.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Kamar yadda gogewa daga cutar H1N1 ta 2009 ya nuna, NPIs na iya zama mahimmancin rage ƙwayar cutar.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Mabuɗin abin da zai saɓa mana binciken zai zama ƙididdigar yawan lokuta a cikin alƙaluma da ci gaba da sanya ido ta hanyar tattara bayanai da kuma yin ƙima da haɓaka masu haɓaka da fitowar masu zuwa a cikin sababbin lamurra kamar yadda matakan walwala na zamantakewa ke walwala.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Ya zuwa yanzu an riga an fitar da mahimman matakai game da barkewar cututtukanr COVID-19 a cikin ƙasar Sin.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Matsakaicin mahimmancin ci gaba a cikin tasirin annobar ƙwayar cuta shine tsawon lokaci daga kamuwa da cuta har zuwa lokacin da mutum yake kamuwa da sauran mutane da kuma lokacin cutar.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Wadannan abubuwan, idan an kiyasta su daidai, zasu bayar da tsinkaya mai kyau ga tsayin daka na cutar, lambar karshe ta kamuwa da cutar.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
Mun yi niyyar aiwatar da kimantar Bayesiyan inference (ABC) ga (yiwuwar spatially heterogneous) Mai saukin kamuwa-Bijira-Kamu da cuta-Cirewa stochastic epidemic model (SEIR).
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Irin waɗannan fasahohin suna da daidaituwa sosai kuma an sami nasarar amfani da su ga filaye da yawa ciki har da samfurin tallan cutar.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Sun fi dacewa sosai ga yanayin da yanayin rashin aiki yake kuma inda ƙarin hanyoyin gargajiya kamar Markov sarkar Monte Carlo ba su da fa'ida.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
An nuna irin wannan tsarin don yin aiki yadda ya kamata kan bayanan sa ido na ASPREN, cibiyar sadarwar GPs da likitocin da ke ba da labarin ɓoyayyiyar bayanai game da ILIs da sauran yanayi, inda batutuwa kamar ɓatattun bayanai da kuma buƙatar yin kwaikwayon tsarin lura da kanta ya kasance. an yi nasarar magance shi.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar mafi girma a cikin sababbin lokuta an kiyasta ta hanyoyin rarraba.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Kimantawar sigogin samfurin SEIR ana zazzage su akan manyan bayanan bayanai saboda daidaituwa, kuma an aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin ɗakunan karatu na R yawa; muna da niyyar amfani da ɗakunan karatu na ABSEIR (sanya a kan GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) da abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) don kimanta matakan cutar a kowace mako.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Tun da yake mun dace da samfurin SIR-annoba a cikin tsarin ABC na yau da kullun, muna tsammanin sakamakonmu zai zama mai tsauri akan bayanan yanayin mako-mako wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙididdiga.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Misali, duba ga tsarin ABC wanda aka yiwa Tristan da Cunha bayanan sanyi na yau da kullun daga 1967, inda kirga na I (adadin mutane da ke kamuwa da cuta) da kuma R (adadin wadanda suka warke) suna cikin dubunnan.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
A ƙarshe, kari akan hanyar da take sama zamu yi amfani da hanyar Kaplan-Meier tare da sakamako biyu (mutuwa da warkewa) don ƙididdige adadin mutuwa.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Wannan hanyar ta zamanto mai zaman kanta ne daga tsarin ABC kuma zai ba da damar kwatancen tsakanin kimar da aka yi amfani da su don yin amfani da ingancin sakamako.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Sa idon RCGP RSC tare da PHE an ayyana shi azaman Karewar Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Dokar ta 3 na Sabis ɗin Kiwan Lafiya (Ikon Bayanin Marasa lafiya) Dokokin 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
An tabbatar da Ofishin Guardian Caldicott ta PHE.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Ba mu ganin ƙarin haɗarin ayyukan ba ko kwarraru masu aiki wadanda suke wannan aikin sa ido.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Yin rigakafin kamuwa da cutarwa da shawarwari na kulawa zasu biyo bayan ingantaccen jagorar ƙasa.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Duk wani lamarin kamu da cutar da aka gano za a gudanar da ita bisa ga jagorar PHE/NHS da ke akwai a lokacin gami da shawarwari hulɗawan da aka gano.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Koyaya, horon mu zai ƙunshi tunatarwa game da kulawa da samfuran lafiya da kuma sake duba matakan kariya na kamuwa da cuta da ake tsammanin za su kasance cikin manyan ayyukanmu.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
Shine mahimmin bangaren ka'idodi 12 game da kulawa da jinya, lokaci zuwa lokaci Hukumar Kula da Kayayyakin Kulawa ta duba su.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Tarihin Tafiya da Masu Bayyanan Asibiti na kamuwa da cutar COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
An shawarci ayyukan RCGP RSC game da lambar sikelin na asibiti wanda aka sanya don COVID-19 a duk faɗin tsarin CMR.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Wannan ya hada da bayani kan lambar kwatancen asibiti (Table 4) da kowane tarihin tafiya na kwanannan.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Kafa Fadada Tsarin samfurin barologi
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
Ayyukan RCGP RSC da ke halartar aikin sa ido kan cutar ta kwalara na shekara-shekara sun fara daukar samfurori daga marasa lafiya da ke nuna alamun cutar LRTI.
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Wannan shine ya haifar da fara gano asalin farkon barkewar cutan a cikin marasa hadarin kamuwa da cutan.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
ya zuwa ga Maris 7, 2020, tsarin sa ido ya gano lokuta 2 na COVID-19 a cikin marasa lafiya da ke da karancin haɗari ba tare da tarihin tafiya ba ta hanyar samfurin gwaji na haɓaka.
This protocol describes how we have adapted a national influenza surveillance system to monitor community spread of an unexpected infection of COVID-19.
Wannan yarjejeniya ta bayyana yadda muka daidaita tsarin sa ido kan cutar mura ta kasa don lura da yaduwar cutar kwayar cutar ta COVID-19.
We have rapidly created and incorporated new codes to allow data recording, and are collecting data to monitor the effectiveness of containment strategies.
Munyi saurin kirkira tare da hada sabbin lambobin don ba da damar yin rikodin bayanai, kuma muna tattara bayanai don lura da ingancin dabarun riƙewa.
Through this surveillance, we intend to find out more about the epidemiology of COVID-19 in ambulatory care.
Ta hanyar wannan sa ido, muna da niyyar ƙarin bayani game da cutar ta COVID-19 a cikin kulawar ambulatory.
In particular, its rate of spread, both temporal and geographical.
Musamman ma, yawan yaduwa, duk na lokaci-lokaci da kuma yanki.
Our testing of low-risk patients will also inform whether the containment strategy that is based on virology testing of high-risk patients and their contacts plus self-isolation is effective.
Gwajinmu na marasa lafiya masu karancin haɗari kuma zai sanar da cewa ko dabarun ɗaukar nauyin da ke kan gwajin barologi na masu haɗarin haɗari da abokan huldar su da kuma ware kansu suna da tasiri.
Containment should slow the spread, and there may be benefits in the management of spread from intense surveillance.
Yakamata tsarewar ya sassauta yaduwar, kuma akwai yuwuwan fa'idodi a cikin lura da yaduwa sa ido mai tsanani.
However, there may come a point at which the virus spreads more widely into the population, as has happened in Italy.
Kodayake, ana iya samun lokacin da cutar zata yadu cikin jama'a, kamar yadda ya faru a Italiya.
Surveillance of low-risk patients should inform when we reach this tipping point and when infection rates start to remit.
Kulawa da marassa lafiyar ya kamata mu sanar da kai lokacin da muka kai wannan matakin da kuma lokacin da cutar ta fara kamari.
The epidemiology of COVID-19 remains emergent.
Cutar COVID-19 ya kasance yanayin gaggawa.
The registration-based nature of UK primary care means that we will be able to create a complete picture of the cumulative incidence and duration.
Yanayin yin rijista na kulawar farko ta Burtaniya yana nufin cewa zamu iya samar da cikakken hoto game da abin da ya faru da kuma tsawon lokaci.
The surveillance system should be able to identify areas where COVID-19 spread is taking place that might be suitable for trials of antiviral therapy.
Tsarin sa ido ya kamata ya iya gano wuraren da bazuwar COVID-19 ke faruwa wanda zai iya dacewa da gwaji jinyar maganin rigakafi.
We could also follow up on the effectiveness or any adverse reactions to these medicines or vaccinations.
Hakanan zamu iya bibiyar tasiri ko kowane mummunan sakamako game da waɗannan magunguna ko sinadarai.
Finally, early detection of a confirmed COVID-19 case has exemplified the rapid implementation of this enhanced surveillance in the national network.
A ƙarshe, gano farkon lamarin COVID-19 wanda aka tabbatar yana nuna misalin hanzarta aiwatar da wannan ingantaccen aikin sa ido a cikin hanyar sadarwar ƙasa.
Safety of practices is our primary concern.
Amincin ayyuka shine damuwar mu ta farko.
The RCGP RSC has operated for over 50 years and has been involved in collecting samples to monitor disease and vaccine effectiveness through the Hong Kong flu pandemic of 1968/69, the Russian flu of 1977/78, and the 2009 Swine flu pandemic.
RCGP RSC tana aiki sama da shekaru 50 kuma ta kasance tana tattara samfurori don sa ido kan cutar da tasirin maganin ta hanyar cutar amai ta Hong Kong ta 1968/69, mura ta Rasha ta 1977/78, da cutar amai ta 2009.
We are not aware of any increased risk to practice staff or other patients from involvement in surveillance.
Ba mu da masaniya game da kowace karin haɗarin ga aikin ma'aikata ko wasu marasa lafiya daga cikin gudanar da sa ido.
Pandemic preparedness is part of the role of the RCGP RSC.
Shirye-shiryen domin annoba wani ɓangare ne na aikin RCGP RSC.
It is plausible that enhanced coding of information from contacts with the practices in RCGP RSC will reduce the likelihood of people who may be suspected COVID-19 cases being brought to the surgery inadvertently.
wataƙila yana haɓaka lambobin tattara bayanai daga sadarwa tare da ayyuka a cikin RCGP RSC zai rage yiwuwar mutane waɗanda ƙila ana zargin cutar COVID-19 ne a cikin tiyata ba da gangan ba.
Where cases are detected unexpectedly, it is probably helpful for that patient, their contacts, and the practice to know.
Inda aka gano maganganu ba zato ba tsammani, yana iya taimaka wa wannan mara lafiyar, abokan huldar su, da kuma aikin sanin.
The impact on practices has been to close for a day, if a case is found, for deep cleaning and then reopen.
Tasirin ayyukan yana da kusan rufe kwana guda, idan an sami matsala, don tsaftacewa mai zurfi sannan kuma a sake buɗewa.
The principal limitations of our system are the number of data points.
Babban iyakokin tsarin mu sune yawan lambar makin bayanai.
We are collecting serology and virology data from 100 sites, which covers a small group of the population.
Muna tattara bayanan serology da virology daga gidajen yanar gizo 100, wanda sun kunshi karamin rukuni jama'a.
This has been satisfactory for monitoring influenza, but we are not certain if this is a sufficiently large sample for the COVID-19 outbreak.
Wannan ya gamsar don kula da mura, amma ba mu da tabbacin cewa wannan babban isasshen samfurin don yaduwar COVID-19.
Our sites (surveillance practices) are currently fixed, and it could be helpful to be able to rapidly onboard practices in regions where there are more cases.
Shafukanmu (ayyukan sa ido) a halin yanzu an gyara su, can iya taimakon mutum ya sami shiga kan sauri cikin yankuna inda ake samun ƙarin harkoki.
Currently, we will be reporting weekly.
A halin yanzu, za mu gabatar da rahoto mako-mako.
Our existing system can be enhanced to twice weekly, but maybe daily or hourly data should be our current approach.
Za'a iya haɓaka tsarinmu na yau da kullun zuwa mako biyu, amma watakila kullun ko bayanan kowace sa'a ya kamata ya zama hanyar da muke bi.
Opportunistic sampling for serology in children younger than 10 years might be limited due to the overall reduced rate of blood tests in children.
Samun damar duba jini ga serology a cikin yara kanana masu kasa da shekaru 10 da haihuwa na iya iyakance saboda yawan gwajin jini a yara.
The extended surveillance using the RCGP RSC-PHE network for the emergent COVID-19 outbreak has been established rapidly.
An tsawaita aikin sa ido ta amfani da cibiyar sadarwar RCGP RSC-PHE don barkewar COVID-19 na gaggawa.
The model of getting the appropriate informatics to enable capture of the required data has already been a success, with data recording starting the week the codes were created.
Tsarin samun bayanan da suka dace don ba da damar kamun bayanan da ake buƙata ya rigaya ya kasance da nasara, tare da rikodin bayanan da aka fara daga makon da aka kirkiro lambobin.
In addition, modifying the existing surveillance system to collect population data in a parallel way has also been effective.
Bugu da kari, gyaran tsarin da ake amfani da shi don tattara bayanan jama'a ta wata hanya daya ta yi tasiri.
However, we are at present unsure as to whether the scale of this surveillance provides sufficient data to drive local containment strategies or if reporting infrequently meets the need of our information age.
Koyaya, a halin yanzu bamu tabbata ba ko mahaunin wannan binciken yana samar da isasshen bayanai don fitar da dabarun mamayar cikin gida ko kuma idan bada rahoto akai ya dace da yawan bayananmu.
Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 “suspected case” and “confirmed case” is necessary
Ana sabunta ka'idojin gwaji na COVID-19 “wanda ake ganin sun kamu da cuta” da “da wanda an riga an gano na da cutar” ya zama dole
On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide.
A 6 Fabrairu 2020, ƙungiyarmu ta buga jagorar shawara mai sauri don ganewar asali da lura da kamuwa da cutar 2019 noro coronavirus (2019-nCoV), kuma wannan jagorar ya samar mana da kwarewarmu kuma mu bayar da tunani sosai game da yakar wannan cuta ta duniya.
However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Koyaya, cutar coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) sabon cuta ce, wayewarmu da iliminmu suna karuwa ne sannu a hankali bisa binciken ci gaba da ƙwarewar aikin asibiti; Saboda haka, dabarun ganewar asali da magani ana kuma sabunta su koyaushe.
In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of “suspected case” and “confirmed case” according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China.
A cikin wannan wasika, mun ba da amsa guda ɗaya game da jagorarmu kuma mun samar da sabon yanayin bincike na “wanda ake zargi da cuta” da “tabbataccen cutar” bisa ga sabon bincike da Jagororin Kulawa na COVID-19 (sigar na bakwai) wanda Kwamitin Lafiya na Kasa na jamhuriyar jama'ar Sin ya bayar.
In December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused an outbreak, which is now officially named as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus has been named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
A cikin watan Disamba na 2019, coronavirus na shekara ta 2019 (2019-nCoV) ya haifar da fashewa, wanda a yanzu an nada shi a matsayin cutar coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) kuma an sanya sunan ƙwayar cuta mai ƙuna mai nauyi ta cutar coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2).
On 11 March 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic.
A ranar 11 Maris 2020, WHO ta kwatanta COVID-19 a matsayin annoba.
In order to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 infection, our team has developed a rapid advice guideline and that has been published online in Military Medical Research on 06 February 2020.
Don yin yaƙi da kamuwa da cututtukan SARS-CoV-2, ƙungiyarmu ta ɓullo da jagorar shawara mai sauri kuma an buga wannan kan layi a cikin Binciken Ilimin Kiwon Lafiyar Sojoji a ranar 06 ga Fabrairu 2020.
It has attracted a great attention since published.
An jawo hankalin sosai tun lokacin da aka buga.
Note however that COVID-19 is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge is gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated.
Ka lura duk da cewa COVID-19 sabon cuta ne, ƙwarewarmu da iliminmu suna ƙaruwa sannu-sannu bisa binciken ci gaba da ƙwarewar aikin asibiti; Saboda haka, dabarun ganewar asali da magani ana kuma sabunta su koyaushe.
For instance the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 issued by the National Health Committee of the People’s Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), among 16 January 2020 to 3 March 2020, has issued a total of seven editions with some contexts being substantively changed.
Misali, Binciken Bincike da Ka'idodin Jiyya don COVID-19 wanda Kwamitin Kiwan Lafiya na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ya bayar (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), tsakanin 16 ga Janairu 2020 zuwa 3 Maris 2020, sun ba da sanarwar total bakwai bugu tare da wasu mahallin da ake canza sosai.
Now our guideline received a comment by Zhou et al., they introduced a simple scoring proposal based on their clinical experience.
Yanzu jagorancinmu ta karɓi sharhi ta hanyar Zhou et al., Sun gabatar da wani tsari mai sauƙi wanda ya danganci ƙwarewar asibiti.
Their work added new evidence for our guideline and also make valuable reference for this pandemic worldwide.
Ayyukan su sun ƙara sabon shaida don jagorar mu kuma sun ba da ma'anar mahimmanci ga wannan anoba ta duniya.
We endorse their significant work and express our thanks.
Muna alfahari da muhimmiyar aikin su kuma muna nuna godiyarsu.
However, their work also needs update according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (Trial seventh version) and recently studies.
Duk da haka, aikin su ma yana buƙatar sabuntawa bisa ga sabon Ganewar asalin ciwo da Jagororin Jinyar COVID-19 (Sigar gwajin bakwai) da kuma binciken kwana nan.
According to the seventh edition (3 March 2020), to confirm the suspected case needs to combine any one item of epidemiological history features with two items of clinical manifestations to make a comprehensive analysis, or needs to meet three items of clinical manifestations if without clear epidemiological history:
Dangane da bugu na bakwai (3 Maris 2020), don tabbatar da tuhumar da ake buƙata na buƙatar haɗu da kowane abu guda na abubuwan tarihin annoba tare da abubuwa biyu na alamun bayyanar asibiti don yin cikakken bincike, ko kuma buƙatar haɗuwa da abubuwa uku na bayyanannin asibiti idan ba tare da bayyananne ba tarihin annoba: