atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Mai tsftace hannu mai sinadarin Alcohol dauke da sinadarin alcohol kashi 70% suna kashewa kashi 99.97% (raguwar log 3.5, mai kama da raguwar decbel 35) na ƙwayoyin cuta akan hannaye secan 30 bayan shafawa da kashi 99.99% zuwa 99.999% (Raguwar log 4 zuwa 5) na ƙwayoyin cuta akan hannu minti 1 bayan bayan shafawa. Man tsaftacewan hannu suna da tasiri kan kwayoyin cutar bacteriya kuma da reshin tasiri kan kwayoyin cuta birus.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Man sabtace hannu na giya ba su da tasiri a kan cutar norovirus, mafi jawo gastroenteritis (ciwon ciki) mai yaduwa. Dole ayi amfani da antiseptic ko giya domin jika ko kuma rufe duka hannaye.
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Ana goge gaba da baya na hannaye da kuma tsakanin iyakar dukkan yatsunsu kusan sekan 30 har sai ruwa, ta yi kumfa ko sinadarin tsaftar ya bushe.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Dole a wanke yatsa da kyau, a share duka tafin hannayen. US Center for Disease Control and Prevention sun ba da shawara da a wanke hannu tare da man tsaftace hannu, musamman idan hannaye sun nuna datti a zahiri.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
kara amfani da wadannan wakilan Ya dogara ne akan sauƙin amfani da ayyukan kashewa da sauri akan kwayoyin cuta Koyaya ya kamata suyi amfani da matsayin sauyawa don wankin da ya dace saidai kuma idan babu ruwa ko sabulu.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Yawaita amfani da man tsaftace hannu mai sinadarin alcohol na iya jawo bushewar fata sai dai in an hada da sinadarin emollients da/ko sinadaran hana fata bushewa a cikin hadin.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Ana iya rage tasirin bushewar ko a cirewar sinadarin wanke hannu ta hanyar ƙara glycerin da/kokuma emollient ta dubara.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
A cikin gwaji na asibiti, mayukan tsaftace hannu masu sinadarin alcohol waɗanda ke ɗauke da emollients sun haifar da ƙarancin kaikayin fata da bushewar fata fiye da sabulu ko sabulu mai maganin kananan halittu.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Rashin lafiyan kusanci dermatitis, kusancin urticaria ciwo ko rashin lafiyar jiki ga sinadari ko qari a cikin sinadarin wanke hannu baya faruwa.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Rashin karfin halin jawo matsalan haduwa da dermatitis ya zama abin jan hankali a bisan wanke hannu da sabulu da ruwa.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
Duk da ingancinsu wakilin dabana ruwa bane baya tsabtace hannun, amma yana lalata su.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Dalilin haka ne man wanke hannu mai kashe kwayar cuta ba shi da tasiri kamar wanke hannu da ruwa da sabulu saboda hana yanduwar kwayoyin cuta da yawa, tun da ana samun sauran cututtukan a hannaye.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Aikin mai na tsaftace hannu ya dangana ga sinadaransa da inda aka sarafa shi, kuma bisa ga tarihi bai da wani amfani sosai da shafawa.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Kwanan nan, an nuna hanyoyin da ake hadin sinadarai benzalkonium chloride sun nuna suna da wadatarwa da kuma tarawar ayyukan antimicrobial bayan amfani, ba kamar sinadarin alcohol ba, ragewar inganci bayan maimaitawa amfani da ita, wataƙila sakamakon cigaban tsananin batawar fata.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Mutane da yawa cikin al’umma da ke da rashin kudi ba za su iya siyan sabulu ba sai su yi amfani da toka ko ƙasa maimako su.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Toka ko kasa na iya zama da amfani fiye da zallan ruwa, amma ba zai kai sabulu aiki ba.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Wata abin damuwa shine idan kasa ko toka ta gurbata da kananan halittu da ido ba su gani, zai iya kara yaduwan cutan a maimakon ya rage ta.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Kamar sabulu, toka shima wakilin sabulune saboda yana iya fitar da kwayar cuta idan aka hada daruwa yana samar da sinadarin Alkaline.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawara ayi amfani da toka ko kasa a madadin sabulu idan babu sabulu.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Ingantattun hanyoyin wanke hannu da US Centers for Disease Control domin kiyaye yaduwar cuta suna nan kamar haka:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Jika hannaye da ruwan dumi ko ruwan tsanyi wanda ke gudu.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
An ba da shawaran amfani da ruwa mai gudana saboda ruwa a cikin kwari na iya zama gurbatacce yayinda dumi ko sanyin ruwa ba zai canza komi ba.
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Sa kumfa a hannu ta hanyar gaga su da sabulu sosai, hada da bayan hannu, tsakanin yatsu, da karkashin kusar yatsun.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Sabulu yana cire ƙwayar cuta daga fata, kuma bincike ya nuna cewa mutane sukan wanke hannayensu sosai lokacin da ake amfani da sabulu maimakon ruwa kaɗai.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Goge na tsawan akalla daƙiƙa 20.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Gogewa na haifar da karfin rikewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen cire kwayar cuta daga fata, Kuma goga na tsawon lokaci yakan cire kwayoyi cutan da yawa.
Rinse well under running water.
A dauraye da kyau a ruwa mai gudana.
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
Daurayar hannaye acikin kwano yakan iya sake kama hannu.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Bushewa da tawul mai kyaw kokuma a shanya a iska a barshi ya bushe.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
jikaken hannaye ko sukan saurin gurbantawa. Wurare da an fi samun haka sune babban yasa, wuyan hannu, tsakanin hannu da tafin hannu, tsakanin yatsu, da karkashen yatsu.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Yatsun hannu wanda mutum ya sa da sinadarin goge ƙusan yatsu na iya riƙe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
An bada shawarar anfani da ruwan shafa fuska don hana hannayen daga bushewa, fata mai bushewa na iya haifar da lalacewar fata wanda zai iya lalata haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options. 
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa masu sauki wadda za a bi don inganta wanke hannu a inda babu ruwan famfo da/ko sabulu misali, zuba ruwa daga jarka da ke a rataye ko kwarya mai ramuka ko kuma amfani da jikin kankana da ramuka da/ko toka in bukata ta tashi a kasashe masu tasowa. A yayinda babu isashen ruwa (kamar makarantu ko kauyuka a kasashe masu tasowa), akwai hanyoyin kiyaye da ruwa kamar ratayayyen jarka da wasu hanyoyi masu sauki.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Magudanan ruwa na takawa da kafa ba tare da an sa hannu ba wata fasaha ce mai sauki wanda ya kunshi daura buta da igiya, da inda za a taka da kafa domin ya zubo ruwa kadan a hannaye da sandan sabulu.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Busar da hannaye da kyau hanya ce ta tsabtan hannu amma akwai muhawara a kan hanya mafi inganci a busarwa a gidan wankan jama’a.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Binciken haɓaka yanuna kuma yabada shawarar tawul ɗin takarda sun fi bada tsabta fiye da na'urar bushewar hannu ta lantarki da ake samu a ɗakunan wanka da yawa.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
A shekarar 2008, wata bincike da University na Westminster, London, ta yi wanda masana’antan sarafa tawul takarda wato European Tissue Symposium, don kwatanta matakan tsabta da ake samu daga tawul takarda ta yi, dumin-iskar na’uran busar da hannu da na’urar iskar busar da hannu.
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Bayan wankewa da busar da hannaye da warm-air dryer, an gano da cewa duka lambar kananan hallitu da ba a gani da ido na karuwa a kunbuna da akalla 194% da kuma tafin hannu da 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
Bushewa tare da na'urar iskar busarwa a karuwar matsakaicin yawan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta a kan yatsun hannu da 42% kuma a cikin tafin hannu da 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Bayan wankewa da busar da hannu da tawul din takarda, duka adadin kwayar cutar bacteria kan kasan yatsu ya ragu da gwargwadon kashi 76% sannan kan tafin hannu har gwargwadon kashi 77%. Masanan kimiyan kuma sun yi wasu gwaje-gwaje domin tabbatar ko za a iya samun gurbata tsakanin masu amfani da bandaki da shi kanshi muhallin bandakin saboda kowanne irin hanyar busarwa.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Mabushin iska mai qirar jirgi mai sauqar ungulu, wanda ke busa iska daga cikin rukunin a kan gudu 180m/s (650km/h; 400mph) yana iya busar da kananun kwayoyin halitta daga hannu da na'urar kuma yakan iya lalata masu anfani da sauran wajan wanke-wanken da muhallin wajan wanke wanken har tsayin meter 2.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Amfani da na'urar bushewa da dumin iska yana yada kananan kwayoyin cuta har zuwa mita 0.25 daga na'urar bushewar.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Tawul tarkada ya nuna babu wani yaduwan kananan halittu da ido ba ya iya gani, wato micro-organism. A 2005, a wata bincike da kayyayakin TUV da yanayi, kimanta hanyoyin busar da hannu dabam-dabam.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Canje-canje masu zuwa a cikin ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta bayan lura da bushewar hannaye:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Yawancin masana'antun kayan bushewar hannu sun wanzu, kuma an kwatanta na’urar bushewar hannu da bushewa da tawul ɗin takarda.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Wanke hannu ta hanyar amfani da tsabtace tsutsa hannu shine madadin yayin tafiya yayin da babu sabulu da ruwa.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Man tsabtace hannu mai dauke da sinadari alcohol yakamata ya ƙunshi aƙalla kashi 60% na sinadarin alcohol.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Wanke hannu na tsarin likita ya zama tilas wani dan kasar Hungary Ignaz semmelwais ya tabbatar da ingancin sa a shekara ta 1846 don hana yaduwar cutar a farfajiyar asibiti.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Akwai na'urorin lantarki waɗanda ke ba da ra'ayi don tunatar da ma'aikatan asibitin don wanke hannayen su lokacin da suka manta.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Nazari daya ta samo rage kamuwa da cuta tare da amfanin su.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Wankewar hannu na tsarin likitanci yana kai wa akalla tsawan dakikoki 15, tare da amfani da sabulu da ruwa mai yawa ko mai don kumfa da shafawa kowane bangare na hannu.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
A shafa hannaye tare, ta yadda 'yan-yatsu za su yi tsifa.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
Idan akwai tarkace a karkashin yatsun hanu, ana iya amfani da buroshi domin cire shi.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Tunda kwayoyi cuta na iya zama cikin ruwan da ya rage a hannayan mu, yana da mahimmanci a dauraye sosai kuma a goge da busasshen tawul mai tsafta.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Bayan busarwa, ayi amfani da tawul na takardan domin rufe ruwan (bude duk wani kofar fita in ta yiwu).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Wannan yana kiyaye sake gurbata hannaye da wadannan farfajiya.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them. 
Dalilin wanke hannu a cikin tsarin kula da lafiya shine a cire kwaya cututtukan jini wato pathogenic microorganisms (kwayar cutar) kuma su guji yada su.
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
Sabuwar mujalla na magani ta ba da rahoto da cewa wanke hannu a yawancin ma’aikatun lafiya ba abin karbuwa bane, yawancin likitoci da ingozomai sukan manta wanke hannu kafin taba marasa lafiya, wanda ke jawo yaduwan kananan halittu masu yada cuta.
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
Bincike ya nuna wanke hannu yadda ya dace kuma dabin sauran hanyoyin masu sauki zasu iya rage adadin catheter-cutar jini mai alaqa da kamuwa da cuta da kashi 66%, hukumar lafiya ta duniya (WHO) ta wallafa wata takarda dake nuna daidaitaccen wanke-wanke da kuma shafa hannu a sassan Lafiya.
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
Ana iya samun wannan ka’idoji na tsabtan hannu na kugiyan daga sashin yanar gizon ra’ayin jama’a.
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
Whitby et al. Sun gudanar da bita mai dacewa.
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
Na’urorin kasuwanci na iya auna tsaftan hannu, idan ana bukatan tsari, ana bukatan yarda.
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands: 
Kungiyar lafiya ta duniya (WHO) na da lokuta biyar (Five Moments) na wanke hannaye:
after exposure to blood/body fluids
bayan alaka da abin da ya kunshi jini ko ruwan jiki.
before an aseptic task, and
Kafin aiki aseptic, dakuma
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent. 
bayan jiyyan mara lafiya. Karin sinadarin kashe cuta a sabulu (sabulun "maganin cuta" ko "maganin kwayoyin cuta) yana kara karfin kashe cuta ga man wanke hannu.
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
Ana iya son irin wannan kisan kafin a yi aikin tiyata ko a saiti, acikin kwayoyin juriya masu daukaka sosai, cuda hannuwa don aikin tiyata, wajibi ne a sami famfo wanda za'a iya kunna da kashewa ba tare da taɓawa da hannu ba, Wasu chlorhexidine ko aidin na wanke abu, bakararren tawul don bushewar hannu bayan an wanke, da bakararren burushi saboda cudawa da kuma wasu bakararren kayan aiki don tsaftace karkashin farce.
All jewelry should be removed.
A cire dukan kayan ado.
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
Wannan hanya na bukatan wanke hannaye akalla mintuna 2 zuwa 6.
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
Dogon lokacin-gogewa (minti 10) ba lallai ba ne.
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
Yayinda ake wanke hannaye, kada a yarda a bar ruwa a gaban hannu yana komawa bayan hannu.
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
Bayan an gama wanke hannu, hannayen sun bushe da kayan mara tabarau kuma an yi wa kayan wanki tiyata.
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
Don rage yaduwar kwayar cuta, yana da kyaw a wanke hannuwa ko anfani da sabulun kariya kafin da kuma bayan dubawar mara lafiya.
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
Domin magance kamuwa da cutan staphylococcal a asibitai, an gano cewa babban amfanin wanke hannu har kashi 20% da karamar karin amfanin wanda aka samo lokacin wanke hannu kullum ya karu fiye da kashi 35%.
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
Wankewa da sabulu na yau da kullun yana haifar da sakamako sama da sau uku na ƙwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar zuwa abinci idan aka kwatanta da wanka tare da sabulu mai ƙwayar cuta. Kwatanta hannun-shafa tare da maganin shaye-shaye tare da wankewar hannu tare da sabulu na kwayar cuta na tsawon mintuna 30 na kowannensu ya nuna cewa barasa mai amfani da giya ya rage gurbatar kwayar cuta 26% fiye da sabulu na kwayar cuta.
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
Amma sabulu da ruwa yafi inganci akan sinadarin man alcohol wanda ake gogawa don raguwar H1N1 na cutar amai da gudawa dakuma clostridium defficile spores daga hannu, Ayyuka don inganta tsabtace hannu a cikin tsarin kula da lafiya na iya haɓaka ilimi ga ma'aikata a kan wanke hannu, da wadatar samar da sinadarin wanke hannu na goga wa da rubutattun fi'iloli da tunatarwa ga ma'aikatan.
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
Akwai buƙatar ƙarin bincike, a gano aciki wannen suka fi tasiri a tsarin kulawa da lafiya daban-daban.
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
A kasashe masu tasowa, ana ganin wanke hannu da sabulu a matsayin hanya mai sauki, hanya mai kyau na samun lafiya, da ma cin abinci mai kyau.
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
Ko da yake rashin ingantaccen ruwan sha, sabulu da kayan wanke hannu a gidaje, makarantu da wurin aiki ya sa yazama ƙalubale don cimma yanayin wanke hannu na duniya.
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
Misali a mafi yawan yankunan karkara na afirca famfunan wanke hannu na kusa da bayan gida na gwamnati kona gida yana da karanci, dukda cewa akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu arha don gina tashoshin wanke hannu.
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
Kodayake ƙarancin filin wanke-wanke yana iya zama sakamakon al'ada maimakon rashin sabulu da ruwa.
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
Bayar da shawarwari a kan wanke hannu da sabulu na iya yin tasiri wurin yanke shawara, kara sani a kan muhimmancin wanke hannu kuma na iya kawo canjin halayan mutane.
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
Don wannan yayi aiki yadda yakamata, saka idanu da kimantawa wajibi ne.
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements. 
A wata bita na bincike guda 70 ta nuna hanyan wayar da kai kan wanke hannu cikin al’umma ta fi inganci a wajen kara amincewa da wanke hannu a LMICs, sannan camfen na tallan jama’a ba shi da wani inganci mai kyau. Wata misali domin wayar da kai kan wanke hannu a makarantu shine “Three Star Approach” wadda UNICEF ta kago wanda ke karfafa makarantu su dauki matakai marasa sada domin ganin cewa dalibai sun wanke hannayensu da sabulu, tare da wasu hanyoyi na tsafta.
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
Idan aka iya cimma burin,makarantu na iya masawa zuwa fanni na tauraron karshe.
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
Gina wuraren wanke hannu na iya zama hanya ta kamfen da gabatarwa da ake yi domin rage cututtuka da mutuwan yara kanana.
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
Ranar wanke hannu na duniya wata misali ce ta kara sani da ke kokarin canza halaya. Sakamakon anobar cutan coronavirus 2019-20, UNICEF ta inganta amfani da emoji na wanke hannu.
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
''Yan nazarin kalilan sun yi la’akari da tasirin farashin wanke hannu a kasashe masu tasowa, a cikin alaƙar da aka hana DALY.
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
Koyaya, an bada shawara cewa inganta wanke hannu da sabulu yana da matukar tasiri fiye da sauran ruwa da tsabta.
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing". 
Muhimmancin wanke hannu domin lafiya mutum musamman ma mutanen da ke mummunan yanayi kamar uwaye da suka haihu ko kuma sojoji da suke da rauni a asibiti tana da asali ne a tsakiyan karni ta sha tara (19th Century) ta wurin majagaba na tsabtan hannu guda biyu. ikitan Hugary Ignaz Semmelweis wanda ya yi aiki a Vienna, Austria da Florence Nightingale, baturiya “da ta kafa reno na zamani”.
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
A lokacin can yawancin mutane sun gaskanta cewa kamuwa da cutar na faruwa ne ta wurin wani wari mai suna miasmas.
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
A shekarun 1980, barkewar cuta daga abinci da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta don rashin kulawa da lafiya ya kai Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Kariya na U.S. wato U.S Center for Disease Control and Prevention ga karfafawar tsabtacewar hannu a matseyin hanya mai dacewa ga kariya daga yaduwar cututtuka.
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
Cutar amai da gudawa a shekara ta 2009 da cutar ta COVID-19 a 2020 ta haifar da fadakarwa a kasashe da dama mahimmancin wanke hannu da sabulu don kare kai daga irin wannan cutar.
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany. 
A misali, an rataya takaddan wayar da kai mai dauke da “hanyoyi ingantattu na wanke hannu,” kusa da inda ake wanke hannu a wurin bayi na jama’a da kuma wurin ba haya na ma’aikatu da filiayen jiragen sama a Jamus.
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it. 
Kalamai nan "wanke hannun wani" wani abu, yana nufin ayyana waɗanda basu yarda ba su ɗauki alhakin abin ko kuma suka yi tarayya cikin wahala.
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
Ya samo asali daga nassi na Baibul a cikin matthew, inda Pontius Pilate ya wanke hannun sa don giciye Yesu Kristi, amma sun zama zance tare da yawan yin amfani cikin al’uman Turanci.
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
A takaddan Shakespeare mai suna Macbeth, Lady Macbeth ta fara naciyan wanke hannaye da tunanin share tabo da take tunani, wadda ya nuna lamirinta ya kasheta a kan laifi da ta aikata kuma ta sa mijinta aikatawa.
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
An kuma gano cewa wasu mutane sukan wanke hannayensu sau da yawa, fiye da sauran jama’a bayan sun yi tunanin aikata wani abin da ya saba wa doka, kuma sukan martaba kayan wanke hannu fiye da saura.
Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering. 
Bugu da kari, wadanda aka barsu su wanke hannayensu bayan irin wannan ayukan ba a samani za su yi wani aikin tsaftacewa na ramako, kamar sadaukarwa.
Religions prescribe hand washing for both hygienic and symbolic purposes.Symbolic hand washing, using water but no soap to wash hands, is a part of ritual hand washing featured in many religions, including Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism, tevilah and netilat yadayim in Judaism, Lavabo in Christianity, and Wudhu in Islam.Religions also prescribe hygienic hand washing, especially after certain actions.
Addinai suna gargadin wanke hannu domin tsabta da alaman ibada. Wanke hannu domin ibada, amfani da ruwa amma banda sabulu domin wanke hannaye, yana cikin wanke hannu domin ibada a addinai da yawa, ya hada da Imanin Baha’i, Hinduism, tevilah da netilat yadayim a Judaism, Lavado a Kiristanci, da wundu a Islam. Addinai su ma suna gargadin tsabtan wanke hannu, musamman bayan wasu ayuka.
Hinduism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands after using the toilet.
Addinin hindu, juda da addinin musulunci sun yarda da wanke hannaye bawai anfani da bayan gida.
And, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands before and after every meal.
Sannan Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism da Islam suna da umurnin wanke hannu kafin a ci abinci ko bayan kowanne cin abinci.
Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education
Illar cutar corona a 2019-20 akan ilimi
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
Annobar cutar coronavirus na shekarar 2019-20 ya taba harkar ilimi na duniya, wanda hakan ya janyo rufewar makarantu a ko ina da jami’o’i.
As of 8 April 2020, approximately 1.716 billion learners have been affected due to school closures in response to COVID-19.
Ya zuwa 8 ga Afrilu 2020, kusan ɗaliban biliyan 1.716 ne sakamakon rufe makarantu ya shafa sakamakon mayar da hankali ga COVID-19.
According to UNESCO monitoring, 188 countries have implemented nationwide closures and 5 have implemented local closures, impacting about 99.4% of the world's student population.
A bisa kulawar da UNESCO tayi kasashe 188 sun kaddamar da matakin rufe wurare a fadin kasa yayi da kuma 5 suka kaddamar da matakin a wasu wurare na kasar. Hakan dai yayi tasiri ga kaso 99.4% na adadin daliban duniya.
On 23 March 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.
A ranar 23 Maris 2020, Kampanin Kasa da Kasa na Cambridge (CIE) ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke sanar da sokewa na Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS & A Level, Dambatar Ajin Katun ACC, da kuma gwajin Pre-U na jerin Mayu / Yuni 2020 a duk faɗin.
International Baccalaureate exams have also been cancelled.School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families, but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.
Ba a kuma soke jarrabawar Baccalaureate ta kasa ba. Makarantar rufe makarantu ba kawai ɗalibai, malamai, da iyalai ba, har ma da sakamako mai ɗorewa na tattalin arziki da al'umma.
School closures in response to COVID-19 have shed light on various social and economic issues, including student debt, digital learning, food insecurity, and homelessness, as well as access to childcare, health care, housing, internet, and disability services.
Rufe makarantu don mayar da martani ga COVID-19 sun ba da haske game da batutuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki daban-daban, ciki har da bashin ɗalibai, ilimin dijital, rashin abinci, da rashin matsuguni, har ma da samun damar kula da lafiyar yara, kiwon lafiya, gidaje, intanet, da sabis na kasasu.
The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.
Illar na da yawa tsanani akan yaran da ke da rauni da kuma iyalan su wanda hakan ya kawo tsaiko a lamarin karatu, kayan gina jiki, matsalolin jarirai, da ma tsadar tattalin arziki ga iyalan da ba sa aiki a sanadiyyar rufe makarantu, UNESCO ta shawarci yin amfani da koyarwa mai tazara da budaden manhajar ilimi da zaurukan karatu, da malamai da makarantu wanda akan iya amfani da su daga nesa don rege illar da ke fuskantar ilimin zamani.
Efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted the widespread closure of primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling in over 100 countries.Previous outbreaks of infectious diseases have prompted widespread school closings around the world, with varying levels of effectiveness.
Yunkurin dakile yaduwar cutar COVID-19 ta hanyar da wanda bata danganci magani ba kamar bayar da tazara tsakanin juna da zaman gida tayi sanadiyar rufe makarantun Firamare da Sekandare da manyan makarantu na kasashe fiye da 100. Barkewar annoba a baya tayi sanadiyar rufe makarantu da dama a kasashen duniya tare da tasirin ta a ko wani mataki.
Mathematical modelling has shown that transmission of an outbreak may be delayed by closing schools.
Tsarin kididdigi ya nuna cewa yaduwar wata annoba na raguwa yayin da aka kulle makarantu.
However, effectiveness depends on the contacts children maintain outside of school.
Bugu da kari tasirin ta ya danganta da yanayin huldar yara gabanin fita daga wajen koyon darasi.
School closures may be effective when enacted promptly.
Rufe makarantu na iya tasiri idan an kafa dokokin da kyau.
If school closures occur late relative to an outbreak, they are less effective and may not have any impact at all.
Idan rufewar makarantu ya makara kusancin daga zuwa wata cuta, ba su da tasiri kuma wataƙila ba su da wani tasiri ba.
Additionally, in some cases, the reopening of schools after a period of closure has resulted in increased infection rates.
Bugu da kari, a wasu lamarin, sake budewar makarantu bayan wani lokaci rufewa yayi sanadiyar karin yaduwar.
As closures tend to occur concurrently with other interventions such as public gathering bans, it can be difficult to measure the specific impact of school closures.During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, school closures and public gathering bans were associated with lower total mortality rates.
Kamar yadda kullewar ya ke aukuwa tare da wasu sababin dokokin kamar su hana taruka, yana da wahala a kimanta illar rufe makarantu a locakin annobar mura ta spanish a 1918-1919 a yayin da ta auku a U.S., rufewar makarantu da hana taruka na da nasaba da karancin mace-macen da aka samu.
Cities that implemented such interventions earlier had greater delays in reaching peak mortality rates.
Birane da suka kaddamar da matakai cikin lokaci sun samu jinkiri sosai wajen kai gacin yanayin mutuwa.
Schools closed for a median duration of 4 weeks according to a study of 43 US cities' response to the Spanish Flu.
An rufe Makarantu A Tsakani Tsawon makonni 4 a wani Binciken Birane 43 na Amuraka da Yadda Suka dauki anobar muran spanish.
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian flu by 90% during the 1957–58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004–2008.Multiple countries successfully slowed the spread of infection through school closures during the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Rufe makarantu Na nuna samun Ragowar bullar Anobar Mura A Nahiyar asia Da Kashi 90% a Lokacin Barkewar A Shekara 1957-58, da Ma Kashi 50% wajen Shawo Kan Cutar A U.S.A., 2004-2008. Kasashe Da Dama Sun Samu Nasarar Shawo Kan Cutar Ta Hanyar Rufe Makarantun A 2009 H1N1 Anobar.
School closures in the city of Oita, Japan, were found to have successfully decreased the number of infected students at the peak of infection; however closing schools was not found to have significantly decreased the total number of infected students.
A birnin Oita dake kasar Japan an gani cewa rufe makarantu yayi sanadiyar raguwa na masu kamu da cutar daga dalibai a yayin da kwayar cutar ke hauhawa. Sai dai kuma rufe makarantu bata hana bazuwar cutar na daga daliban da suka kamu da ita.
Mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates.
Rufe makarantu na tillas da ma bada wasu matakan nesantawar jama’a mataki na da alaka da kashi 29% zuwa 37% na ragin yaduwar cutar.
Early school closures in the United States delayed the peak of the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Kulle makarantu cikin gaggawa a Amurka yayi sanadiyar jinkirta ganiyar anobar cutar mura na H1N1 da ya barke a 2009.
Despite the overall success of closing schools, a study of school closures in Michigan found that "district level reactive school closures were ineffective."During the swine flu outbreak in 2009 in the UK, in an article titled "Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic" published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, a group of epidemiologists endorsed the closure of schools in order to interrupt the course of the infection, slow further spread and buy time to research and produce a vaccine. 
Duk da nasarar Kulle Makarantu, WanI Bincike Na Rufe Makarantu A Michigan Ya Nuna Cewar “Matakan Unguwa na Rufe makarantu Bai yi tasiri ba. Sanda anobar Mura ta bulla a Ingila A 2009, a wani rubutu mai taken “rufe makarantu yayin anobar Mura” Wanda Aka wallafa a bangaren Cututukan da Ake Iya dauka Na Lancet, wasu gamayyar Likitoci na Wannan bangare sun Bada shawarar rufe makarantu don rage Yaduwar annobar, karanta yaduwar dama A Lokacin binciken Sami magani.
Having studied previous influenza pandemics including the 1918 flu pandemic, the influenza pandemic of 1957 and the 1968 flu pandemic, they reported on the economic and workforce effect school closure would have, particularly with a large percentage of doctors and nurses being women, of whom half had children under the age of 16.
Bayan lura da annobar cutar shakar iska da suka barke a bayan ciki har da na 1918 da na 1957 da kuma 1968, rahoto akan tattalin arziki da sakamakon rashin aiki bayan rufe makarantu ya nuna cewa kaso mafi yawa cikin likitoci da masu jinyar mara sa lafiya mata ne inda kuma mafi yawancin su karbi haihuwar yara kasa da shekara 16.
They also looked at the dynamics of the spread of influenza in France during French school holidays and noted that cases of flu dropped when schools closed and re-emerged when they re-opened.
Sun kuma duba sauyin yanayin cutar amai da gudawa a Faransa lokacin hutun makarantun Faransa kuma sun lura da cewa wadanda suka kamu da cutar mura sun ragui lokacin da makarantun suka rufe da sake dawowa da suka sake budewa.
They noted that when teachers in Israel went on strike during the flu season of 1999–2000, visits to doctors and the number of respiratory infections dropped by more than a fifth and more than two fifths respectively.
Suna gane cewa lokcin Da malaman Makaranta Suka Tafi Yajin aiki a Israila A Shekarar 1999-2000, lokacin mura, Ziyartar Likitoci Da yawan masu Dauke Da Cutar hanyar Numfashi ya Sauka da kashi Biyar Da ma Fiye da Biyu akan biyar Kamar Haka.
For schools and childcare facilities, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends short-term closure to clean or disinfect if an infected person has been in a school building regardless of community spread.
Domin makarsntu da Ma Wajen Kula da Yara Hukumar Kula Da Cututuka Ta Amurka Ta Sgawarci kullewa na Kankanin Lokaci Don Feshi Da Goge-goge ko Da Kuwa mai Dauke da Cutar Ya Yi alaka da wajen ba ma sai na Cikin alumma ba.
When there is minimal to moderate community transmission, social distancing strategies can be implemented such as cancelling field trips, assemblies, and other large gatherings such as physical education or choir classes or meals in a cafeteria, increasing the space between desks, staggering arrival and dismissal times, limiting nonessential visitors, and using a separate health office location for children with flu-like symptoms.
Lokacin da aka sami ƙarami zuwa matsakaiciyar watsawa na al'umma, za a iya aiwatar da dabarun nishadantar da jama'a kamar soke filin balaguro, manyan tarurruka, da sauran manyan tarurrukan kamar ilimin motsa jiki ko azuzuwan mawaƙa ko abinci a cikin gidan abinci, ƙara sarari tsakanin tekuna, saurin shigowa da sallama lokuta, iyakance baƙi marasa mahimmanci, da amfani da keɓance ofis ɗin wurin kiwon lafiya don yara masu fama da alamun cutar mura.
When there is substantial transmission in the local community, in addition to social distancing strategies, extended school dismissals may be considered.
Inda akwai yawan yaduwar a cikin alumma, kari akan tazara wajen chudanya, za a iya duba yu war kara hutun makarantu maiyiwuwa.
On 26 January, China instituted measures to contain the COVID-19 outbreak which included extending the Spring Festival holiday to contain the outbreak.
A ranar 26 ga Janairu, kasar Sin ta tsara matakan da za su bi don kiyaye barkewar COVID-19 wanda ya hada da tsawaita hutun lokacin bazara don shawo kan barkewar cutar.
Universities and schools around the country closed.
Jami'oi Da Makarantu a kewaye da Kasar a Rufe.
On 23 February, Iran's Ministry of Health announced the closure of universities, higher educational institutions and schools in several cities and provinces.
A ranar 23 ga watan Faburairu, hukumar kiwon lafiya ta iran ta sanar da rufe jami’oi da ma makarantu cigaba da ilimi da makarantu a birane da dama da ma yankuna.
On 3 March, UNESCO released the first global numbers on school closures and affected students.
A ranar 3 ga watan Maris UNESCO ta fitar da adadin makaru da aka rufe da kuma yawan dalibai da ya shafa na dukkanin kasashen duniya.
It reported that 13 countries had enacted preventive measures including the temporary closure of schools and universities, impacting 290.5 million students around the world.
Akalla kasashe 13 sun kaddamar da matakai na magance yaduwar ta cikin matakan akwai kulle makarantu da jamiyoyi na kayyaddaden lokaci, hakan ya rage tasirin karatu ga dalibai miliyan 290.5 dake fadin duniya.
In reaction, UNESCO called on countries to support affected students and families and facilitate large-scale inclusive distance learning programmes.
A martanin ta UNESCO tayi kira ga kasashe da su tallafawa dalibai da iyaye da lamarin ya shafa tare da yin kira da ingiza tare habbaka tsarin koyan darasi daga nesa.
On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached 100 deaths.
A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, gwanatin Italiya ta yi umarnin cikkakiyar rufe dukkan makarantu da jami’o’i na kasa duka yayin da Italiya suka samu mutuwar mutum 100.
In doing so, Italy became one of 22 countries on three continents which had announced or implemented school closures.
Yin hakan, Italiya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 22 na nahiyoyi uku waɗanda suka sanar ko aiwatar da ayyukan rufe makarantu.
On 5 March, the majority of learners affected by COVID-19 emergency measures were located in China, with 233 million learners affected, followed by Japan at 16.5 million and Iran at 14.5 million.
A ranar 5 ga Maris, yawancin masu koyon aikin COVID-19 sun dauki matakan gaggawa a kasar Sin, yayin da masu ilmantarwa miliyan 233 suka shafa, sai kuma Japan a miliyan 16.5 da Iran a miliyan 14.5.
By 10 March, one in five students worldwide was "staying away from school due to the COVID-19 crisis" while another one in four was barred from higher education institutions. 
A Ranar 10 ga Watan Maris, Daya A Cikin Dalibai Biyar A Duniya “Ya Bar Makaranta Saboda matsalar Cutar COVID-19” Sannan Kuma an hana Daya Cikin Hudu Daga Zuwa Makarantar Cigaba Da Ilimi.
On 13 March, governments in 49 countries announced or implemented school closures, including 39 countries which closed schools nationwide and 22 countries with localised school closures.
A ranar 13 ga watan Maris kasahe 49 ne suka sanar da rufe makarantu harda kasashe 39 wanda su tuni makaratun su a rufe suke da ma wasu kasashe 22 wada sun jina da rufe makarantun.
By 16 March, this figure increased from 49 to 73 countries according to UNESCO.
A 16 ga watan Febreru adadin ya karu daga kasashe 49 zuwa 73 a bisa bayanin majalisar UNESCO.
By 19 March, 50% of students worldwide were affected by school closures, corresponding to nationwide closures in 102 countries and local closures in 11 countries affecting 850 million children and youth.
Ya zuwa 19 Maris, kashi 50 cikin dari na ɗalibai a duk faɗin duniya ya shafi rufe makarantu, wanda yake daidai da rufewar baki ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe 102 da rufewar gida a cikin ƙasashe 11 da ke shafi yara da matasa miliyan 850.
By 20 March, over 70% of the world's learners were impacted by closures, with 124 country-wide school closures.
A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, sama da kashi 70% na duniya masun koyo sun tabu don rufewar ayyuka, da rufewar makarantu 124 a ƙasar baki ɗaya.
On 23 March, all Nigerian school were found to have been closed down by Nigerian government, markets as well as companies were closed down and children were forbidden by parents to step out of their homes.
A ranar 23 ga watan Maris, Gwamnatin Najeriya ta rufe duk makarantun, da kasuwannai kamar yadda aka rufe kamfanoni kuma iyayen sun hana ‘yayansu fita daga gidajensu.
On 26 March, all New Zealand schools and universities have been closed down across the country.
A ranar 26 Maris, an rufe duk makarantun da jami'o'in New Zealand a duk faɗin ƙasar.