atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
According to UNICEF, turning hand washing with soap before eating and after using the toilet into an ingrained habit can save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention, cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths from acute respiratory infections by one-quarter.
Ha limtol UNICEF, wartirugo lallugo juɗe be sabulu hiddeko nyammugo mala ha ɓawu wurtol gaɗɗa suudu ha nder gikku amin footi hisna yonki jur do baatal mala lekki je en footi hoosa, ustan mayde ngam caarol be reeta e mayde ngam nyau pofɗe be nay.
Hand washing is usually integrated together with other sanitation interventions as part of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes.
Lallugo juɗe ɓurna fu ɗon yahida be dabbareji jam ɓaandu feere bana jaahargalji ndiyam, laɓɓinol be laɓnde (WASH).
Hand washing also protects against impetigo which is transmitted through direct physical contact.
Lallugo juɗe bo'o ɗon fada ngam tarzagire je sallinama gal ngidol ɓaandu.
A small detrimental effect of hand washing is that frequent hand washing can lead to skin damage due to drying of the skin.
Ko footi sarga seeɗa bo'o lati yo'o lallugo juɗe ha wakati fu footi ɓoora laaral ɓaandu ngam ɗon yori.
A 2012 Danish study found that excessive hand washing can lead to an itchy, flaky skin condition known as hand eczema or hand dermatitis, which is especially common among health-care workers.
Ekkitol Danish en feere ha 2012 sappini yo'o lallugo juɗe jur footi nyaanyina ɓaandu je ewnatto bana eczema mala dermatis jungo, je ɗon woni jur ha huwoɓe do jam ɓaandu.
Too frequent hand washing is also seen as one of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Lallugo juɗe tum lati bana obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
There are five critical times during the day where washing hands with soap is important to reduce fecal-oral transmission of disease: after using the bathroom (urination, defecation), after cleaning a child's bottom (changing nappies), before feeding a child, before eating and before/after preparing food or handling raw meat, fish, or poultry.
Wodi wakati joowey je kanduɗum ngam lallugo juɗe be sabulu naffan ngam ustugo sallinol nyau diga buuwe ha hunduko: ha wurtol gaɗɗa suudu (buuwe, siile), ha ɓawo lallugo buwe ɓingel (saanjugo buutal), hiddeko nyamnugo ɓingel, hiddeko nyammugo/ha ɓawo deffugo nyamdu mala memmugo kuusel je deffaka, liiɗi mala goortoɗe.
Other occasions when correct handwashing technique should be practiced in order to prevent the transmission of disease include before and after treating a cut or wound; after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose; after touching animal waste or handling animals; and after touching garbage.
Wakatiji feere je dabare lallugo juɗe naffan ngam ayugo sallinol nyau feere larni hiddeko mala ha ɓawo suklugo do hudure; ha ɓawo ɓislol, sondaru, mala fuffugo kine; ha ɓawo memmugo buuwe daabaji mala memmugo daaba; e ha ɓawo memmugo cuuɗol.
In many countries, there is a low rate of hand washing with soap.
Ha nder lesɗe jur, limtol yimɓe je ɗon lalla juɗe be sabulu ɗon lessi.
A study of hand washing in 54 countries in 2015 found that on average, 38.7% of households practiced hand washing with soap.A 2014 study showed that Saudi Arabia had the highest rate of 97 percent; the United States near the middle with 77 percent; and China with the lowest rate of 23 percent.Several behaviour change methodologies now exist to increase uptake of the behaviour of hand washing with soap at the critical times.Group hand washing for school children at set times of the day is one option in developing countries to engrain hand washing in children's behaviors.
Ekkitol do lallugo juɗe ha nder lesɗe 54 ha 2015 sappini yo'o, 38.7% caalaje ɗon lalla juɗe maɓɓe be sabulu. Ekkitol feere ha 2014 sappini yo'o Saudi Arabiya mari limtol je ɓuri fu be 97%; Lesɗe America ɓadi ha cakkare be 77%; Cayna be je ɓuri lessugo 23%. Dabareji saanjol gikkuji haande ɗon ɓesda ngam hoccugo gikku lallugo juɗe be sabulu ha wakati feere je lati kanduɗum. Geeɓe lallol juɗe ɓikkon jaangirde ha wakati je ɗon aandin ha nder balɗe lati bana dabare ha lesɗe je ɗon laffi ngam nastinugo gikku lallol juɗe ha nder hakkilo ɓikkon.
The "Essential Health Care Program" implemented by the Department of Education in the Philippines is an example of at scale action to promote children's health and education.
Essential Health Care Program je Geeɓe jaangirde wurtini ha Filipiya lati bana sappinol dabare hokkugo daraja ha jam ɓandu e aandal ɓikkon.
Deworming twice a year, supplemented with washing hands daily with soap, brushing teeth daily with fluoride, is at the core of this national program.
Mbarugo gilɗi nde ɗiɗi nder hittande be sabulu, yiggugo ni'e ko wetti fu be fluoride, woni ha cakkare jaahargal lesdi.
It has also been successfully implemented in Indonesia.
Hoccama bo'o be boɗɗe ha Indonesia.
Removal of microorganisms from skin is enhanced by the addition of soaps or detergents to water.
Ittugo coolaaje do ɓaandu waɗɗotto gal ɓesdugo sabuluji mala ndiyam laɓɓinugo.
The main action of soaps and detergents is to reduce barriers to solution, and increase solubility.
Aranool kugal sabuluji be ndiyam laɓɓinugo naffan ngam ustugo keleewolji dabare, e ɓesda sofnol.
Water alone is an inefficient skin cleanser because fats and proteins, which are components of organic soil, are not readily dissolved in water.
Ndiyam feere majuum lati bana lalloowo ɓaandu je maray sembe ngam ɓelere be proteinji, lati kujeji je ummi lesdi, footay ndiyam meere itta ɓe.
Cleansing is, however, aided by a reasonable flow of water..
Laɓɓinugo sey, bo'o, mballotto be ndiyam je ɗon illa boɗɗum.
Solid soap, because of its reusable nature, may hold bacteria acquired from previous uses.
Sabulu cattuɗum, ngam footi huwida be man fahin, footi mara bacteriyaji je joddi do ton ha yakke lallol je salli.
A small number of studies which have looked at the bacterial transfer from contaminated solid soap have concluded transfer is unlikely as the bacteria are rinsed off with the foam.
Ekkitolji seeɗa je jaangi sallinol bacteriyaji diga sabulu je cattungel sappini sallinol footay salla ngam bacteriyaji ndu dilliran be nguffu ndu.
The CDC still states "liquid soap with hands-free controls for dispensing is preferable".
CDC ɗon mbi'a fahin bo'o "sabulu ndiyam-ndiyam je jungo memmata ha sankitol ndika".
Antibacterial soaps have been heavily promoted to a health-conscious public.
Sabulu je mbardatta bacteriyaji ɗon feelama ha ummatore je ɗon numma do jam ɓaandu maɓɓe.
To date, there is no evidence that using recommended antiseptics or disinfectants selects for antibiotic-resistant organisms in nature.
Ha jonta, wala sappinol je hollatta yo'o huwidugo be antiseptikji mala mbarooɓe gilɗi ɗon suɓɓa ɓaali je ɗon caɗɗungel ha antibiotikji.
However, antibacterial soaps contain common antibacterial agents such as triclosan, which has an extensive list of resistant strains of organisms.
Amma, sabuluji je mbardatta bacteriyaji ɗon mari kujeji mbardugo bacteriyaji bana triclosan, je ɗon mari limgal kuje mbardol gilɗi jur.
So, even if antibiotic resistant strains aren't selected for by antibacterial soaps, they might not be as effective as they are marketed to be.
Nden kadi, ko to gilɗi je ɗon nyaɗi ha antiotikji suɓɓay gal sabuluji je mbardatta bacteriyaji, footay be mara sembe bana ko ɗon tindini ha nder lumo maɓɓe.
Besides the surfactant and skin-protecting agent, the sophisticated formulations may contain acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) as pH regulator, antimicrobially active benzoic acid and further skin conditioners (aloe vera, vitamins, menthol, plant extracts).A comprehensive analysis from the University of Oregon School of Public Health indicated that plain soaps are as effective as consumer-grade anti-bacterial soaps containing triclosan in preventing illness and removing bacteria from the hands.
Ngam ɓesdugo ha surfactan be kuje fadugo laaral ɓaandu, hawtirde kujeji footi malra acidji (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid) bana mo'itinoowo PH, benzoic acid je mbardatta viriisji be kujeji e fadol ɓaandu (aloe vera, vitaminji, mentholaasi, neeɓam lekki). Lartolji University of Oregon School of Public Health sappini yo'o sabulu meere ɗon mari semɓe gooto be sabuluji je ɓe ɗon hollina soddooɓe ha lumo je ɗon mari triclosan ngam aynugol do nyauji e ittugo bacteryaji ha do juɗe.
Hot water that is comfortable for washing hands is not hot enough to kill bacteria.
Ndiyam gulɗam je wondi kanɗuɗum ngam lallugo juɗe wullay masitin ha mbara bacteriyaji.
Bacteria grow much faster at body temperature (37 °C).
Bacteriyaji ɗon nufta law be wullol ɓaandu (37 °C).
However, warm, soapy water is more effective than cold, soapy water at removing natural oils which hold soils and bacteria.
Amma, ndiyam gulɗum be sabulu ɓuri naffuda do ndiyam peewɗam ngam ittugo neebam ɓaandu je ɗon jogga cuddi be bacteriyaji.
Contrary to popular belief however, scientific studies have shown that using warm water has no effect on reducing the microbial load on hands.
Na bana ko ummatore ɗon tammi, ekkitolji aandooɓe holli yo'o lallugo juɗe be ndiyam gulɗam walla naffuda ngam ustugo gilɗiji do juɗe.
A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based hand hygiene agent.
Kuje laɓɓinugo jungo mala antiseptik jungo lati kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe amma wonay bana ndiyam.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 21st century, alcohol rub non-water-based hand hygiene agents (also known as alcohol-based hand rubs, antiseptic hand rubs, or hand sanitizers) began to gain popularity.
Ha ragare 1990 be fuɗɗam hittande temere 21, kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol e je wala ndiyam ha ton (je mbiyotto bo'o kuje yiggugo juɗe be alkol, kuje yiggugo juɗe antiseptik, mala kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe) fuɗɗi wangugo be sembe.
Most are based on isopropyl alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening agent such as Carbomer (polymer of acrylic acid) into a gel, or a humectant such as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
Ɓurna fu ɗon wondi do alkol isopropyl mala ethanol je hawtama be kuje tekkinugo bana Carbomer (polymer acrylic acid) do gel, mala kuje sofnugo bana glycerin do ndiyam, mala nguffu ngam heɓɓa huwa be man bila saɗirma be ustugo ko bana alkol ɗon yorina jungo.
Adding diluted hydrogen-peroxide increases further the antimicrobial activity.Hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95% alcohol are efficient germ killers.
Ɓesdugo hydrogen-peroxide je ɗon nattini ɗon ɓesda kugal ngel ngam mbardugo gilɗiji. Kuje leɓɓinugo juɗe je ɗon mari alkol 60 ha 95% ɗon naffa jur ngam mbardugo gilɗi nyau.
Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, vaccinia, influenza, and hepatitis) and fungi.
Kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol ɗon mbara bacteriyaji, bacteriya je ɗon mari sembe jur (MRSA be VRE), nyau sondaru, be viriisji feere (bana HIV, herpes, RSV, viriis kine, vaccinia, ndamba, be nyau hengre) be fungi.
Alcohol rub sanitizers containing 70% alcohol kill 99.97% (3.5 log reduction, similar to 35 decibel reduction) of the bacteria on hands 30 seconds after application and 99.99% to 99.999% (4 to 5 log reduction) of the bacteria on hands 1 minute after application.Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria and less effective against some viruses.
Kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol je ɗon mari 70% alkol mbaran 99.97% (ustol log 3.5, bana ustol decibel 35) bacteriyaji do juɗe ha nder sekonji 30 ha ɓawo yiggugo ndu be 99.99 ha 99.999% (ustol log 4 ha 5) bacteriyaji do juɗe minti 1 ha ɓawo yiggugo ndu. Kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe ɓuri naffugo ngam bacteriyaji e lessi naffugo ngam viriisji feere.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective against norovirus (or Norwalk) type viruses, the most common cause of contagious gastroenteritis.Enough hand antiseptic or alcohol rub must be used to thoroughly wet or cover both hands.
Kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol ɗon ɓurna wala sembe do irin viriis kine (mala Norwalk), je ɗon ɓurna aandi bana kanjuum on hokkata nyau lawol pofɗe. Kuje laɓɓinol juɗe be antiseptik mala be alkol sey wonda deydey ngam heɓɓa sofna jungo e sudda juɗe ɗiɗi fu.
The front and back of both hands and between and the ends of all fingers are rubbed for approximately 30 seconds until the liquid, foam or gel is dry.
Yeeso be ɓawo juɗe be cakka be timminol kooli'en fu sey suddama nder sekonji 30 ha ndiyam man, nguffu mala gel majja.
Finger tips must be washed well too, rubbing them in both palms.The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends hand washing over hand sanitizer rubs, particularly when hands are visibly dirty.
Timminol kooli'en sey lallotto boɗɗum fu, gal yiggugo ɓe be juɗe ɗiɗi fu. Ɗowirɗe Aynol e Lartol Nyau Lesɗe America ɗon feela lallugo juɗe do waɗɗugo kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe, ɓurna to juɗe ɗon lara bana mari cuddi.
The increasing use of these agents is based on their ease of use and rapid killing activity against micro-organisms; however, they should not serve as a replacement for proper hand washing unless soap and water are unavailable.
Huwidugo je ɗon ɓesda be kujeji ndu wondi ngam kooyɗum huwugo be man e ɗon mbarda gilɗiji law; amma, footay lata bana dabare lottugo jungo sna to sabulu be ndiyam wala.
Frequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin unless emollients and/or skin moisturizers are added to the formula.
Huwugo ha wakati fu be kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol footi yorina laaral ɓaandu sna to kuje ɗigginugo ɓesdatto ha nder hawtirde man.
The drying effect of alcohol can be reduced or eliminated by adding glycerin and/or other emollients to the formula.
Yornugo laaral ɓaandu alkol footi ustama mala darnama gal ɓesdugo glycerin e/mala kujeji ɗigginugo feere ha nder hawtirde man.
In clinical trials, alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing emollients caused substantially less skin irritation and dryness than soaps or antimicrobial detergents.
Lartolji ha nder suudu teffol, sappini yo'o kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe je ɗon mari kuje ɗigginugo nder ton nyorinatta juɗe do sabulu mala kuje lottugo.
Allergic contact dermatitis, contact urticaria syndrome or hypersensitivity to alcohol or additives present in alcohol hand rubs rarely occur.
Allergic contact dermatitis, nyau contact urticaria mala hypersensitivity ha alkol mala kujeji ɓesdugo je woni ha nder kuje laɓɓinugo juɗe be alkol ɗon yotta ndego-ndego.
The lower tendency to induce irritant contact dermatitis became an attraction as compared to soap and water hand washing.
Dabare ustol nastinol irritant contact dermatitis lati bana ewnandu to foondi lallugo juɗe be sabulu be ndiyam.
Despite their effectiveness, non-water agents do not cleanse the hands of organic material, but simply disinfect them.
Ko to semɓe maɓɓe ɗon, kujeji laɓɓinugo juɗe footay lalla cuddi ha do juɗe, amma ɗon mbara gilɗi tan.
It is for this reason that hand sanitizers are not as effective as soap and water at preventing the spread of many pathogens, since the pathogens still remain on the hands.
Ngam uja ndu kujeji laɓɓinugo juɗe maray sembe je ɓuratta sabulu be ndiyam ngam aynol sankittol nyauji jur, ngam nyauji ɗon woni fahin ha do juɗe.
Alcohol-free hand sanitizer efficacy is heavily dependent on the ingredients and formulation, and historically has significantly under-performed alcohol and alcohol rubs.
Sembe kuje laɓɓinol jungo je maray alkol joɗɗi do ko ɗon hawti ha ton, a tariya ɗon sappina amin yo'o jokkay sembe kuje laɓɓinugo je ɗon mari alkol.
More recently, formulations that use benzalkonium chloride have been shown to have persistent and cumulative antimicrobial activity after application, unlike alcohol, which has been shown to decrease in efficacy after repeated use, probably due to progressive adverse skin reactions.
Be ɓawo ndu, dabare feere je ɗon mari benzalkonium chloride holli yo'o mari sembe je ɗon neɓɓa e ɗon hawta ha ɓawo huwidugo be man, na bana alkol, je ɗon sappina ustol sembe maɗa ha ɓawo tokkitol huwidugo be man ngam jabbuye laaral ɓandu.
Many people in low-income communities cannot afford soap and use ash or soil instead.
Yimɓe jur ha nder ummatoji je ɗon laffi footay heɓɓa sabulu e ɗon huwa be ndoondi be lesdi.
Ash or soil may be more effective than water alone, but may be less effective than soap.
Ndoondi mala lesdi footi ɓura ndiyam feere mako, amma footi jokkata sabulu.
One concern is that if the soil or ash is contaminated with microorganisms it may increase the spread of disease rather than decrease it.
Saɗirma feere woni to bana ndoondi mala lesdi ɗon mari gilɗi timmi footi ɓesda sankittol nyau do ustugo ndu.
Like soap, ash is also a disinfecting agent because in contact with water, it forms an alkaline solution.
Bana sabulu, ndoondi woni kuje mbardugo gilɗi ngam to ɗon hawti be ndiyam, latan bana kilbu.
WHO recommended ash or sand as alternative to soap when soap is not available.
WHO feeli ndoondi be njaarenji to bana sabulu walla.
Correct handwashing technique recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control for prevention of transmission of disease includes the following steps:
Dabare lallugo juɗe je Ɗowirɗe Aynol e Lartol sallinol Nyau ha Lesɗe America ɗon feela yaɓɓordeji je ɗon limti ndu:
Wet hands with warm or cold running water.
Sofne juɗe be ndiyam gulɗam mala peewɗam je ɗon illa.
Running water is recommended because standing basins may be contaminated, while the temperature of the water does not seem to make a difference.
Ndiyam je ɗon illa feelama ngam tassawo je ɗon joggi ndiyam footi mara nyau timmi, fahin bo'o wullol ndiyam footay saanja kuje feere .
Lather hands by rubbing them with a generous amount of soap, including the backs of hands, between fingers, and under nails.
Yigge juɗe be sabulu seedɗa ngam ha nguffu wurta, be ɓawo juɗe, cakka koli'en, be nder peɗɗeeli fu.
Soap lifts germs from the skin, and studies show that people tend to wash their hands more thoroughly when soap is used rather than water alone.
Sabulu ɗon itta gilɗiji do laaral ɓaandu, e ekkitolji ɗon sappina yo'o yimɓe yardi lallugo juɗe maɓɓe to sabulu ɗon do ko be ndiyam cookkum.
Scrub for at least 20 seconds.
Yigge nder segonji 20 pettum man.
Scrubbing creates friction, which helps remove germs from skin, and scrubbing for longer periods removes more germs.
Yiggugo ɗo hawta juɗe, ko ɗon itta gilɗiji do ɓaandu e yiggugo nde jur wurtinan gilɗiji ɗuɗɗum bo'o.
Rinse well under running water.
Lallitu be ndiyam je illata.
Rinsing in a basin can recontaminate hands.
Lattitugo nder tassawu footi juɗe hoosita gilɗiji fahin.
Dry with a clean towel or allow to air dry.
Yorine be limse laɓɗe mala be hendu.
Wet and moist hands are more easily recontaminated.The most commonly missed areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the fingers, and under fingernails.
Juɗe je on sofni footi hoositta gilɗi law fahin. Wakkereji je yimɓe lallatta boɗɗum woni koli manga, jokke jungo, baabe ha cakka koli'en, be nder peɗɗeeli.
Artificial nails and chipped nail polish may harbor microorganisms.
Peɗɗeeli je ɓe wati mala je ɗon heeffi footi mara gilɗiji.
Moisturizing lotion is often recommended to keep the hands from drying out; dry skin can lead to skin damage which can increase the risk for the transmission of infection.
Neebam ɗigginugo ɓurna ɗon feelama ngam tato juɗe yora; yorugo laaral ɓaandu footi wona laaral ko footi ɓesda sallinol nyau.
Various low-cost options can be made to facilitate hand washing where tap-water and/or soap is not available e.g. pouring water from a hanging jerrycan or gourd with suitable holes and/or using ash if needed in developing countries.In situations with limited water supply (such as schools or rural areas in developing countries), there are water-conserving solutions, such as "tippy-taps" and other low-cost options.
Dabareji feere je saɗɗay footi naffa ngam lallugo juɗe ha wakkere je ndiyam ɗon illa e/mala sabulu woda, bana ruffinugo ndiyam nder fayande malla buuta gal ngaskaji e/mala hoccugo ndoondi to wodi naffuda bana ha lesɗe je ɗon laffi masin. Ha nder wakati je ndiyam wala jur (bana ha jaangirdeji mala kawuyeji ha nder lesɗe je ɗon laffi masin), wodi dabare siggugo ndiyam, bana "tippy-taps" be dabareji feere je saɗɗay sam.
A tippy-tap is a simple technology using a jug suspended by a rope, and a foot-operated lever to pour a small amount of water over the hands and a bar of soap.
Tippy tap lati dabare feere je ɗon wata fayande feere ha do ɓoogol be kuje feere je footi yaɓɓa diga les ngam ruffinugo seeɗa do juɗe be sabulu seeɗa.
Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand hygiene process, but there is some debate over the most effective form of drying in public washrooms.
Yorugo juɗe je kanduɗum lati yaɓɓorde boɗɗe ha laahal laɓɓinugo juɗe, amma wodi ngaba feere do dabare yorugo juɗe ha nder gaɗɗa suudu ummatore fu.
A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in many washrooms.
Teffolji ɗuɗɗum je ɗon wanga tum ɗo feela hoosugo takkarde gaɗɗa suudu do ordo yorugo juɗe ha nder gaɗɗa suudu ummatore.
In 2008, a study was conducted by the University of Westminster, London, and sponsored by the paper-towel industry the European Tissue Symposium, to compare the levels of hygiene offered by paper towels, warm-air hand dryers and the more modern jet-air hand dryers.
Ha 2008, ekkitol feere je ɓe ngaɗi ha ha University of Westminster, London, e be wallende suudu tagle takkarde gaɗɗa suudu European Tissue Symposium, ngam foondugo yaɓɓorde laɓɓinol je takkarde gaɗɗa suudu, ordo yorugo juɗe be ordooji je fuffata hendu ngam yorunugo juɗe.
After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
Ha ɓawo lallugo be yorugo juɗe be ordo yorugo juɗe, bacteriyaji fu je tawama ɗon ɓesda do leepolji koli'en be 194% e do juɗe 254%.
Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and on the palms by 15%.
Yorugo be ordo je fuufatta hendu sappini ɓesdol bacteriyji fu ha do leepolji koli'en 42% be ha do juɗe 15%.
After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.The scientists also carried out tests to establish whether there was the potential for cross contamination of other washroom users and the washroom environment as a result of each type of drying method.
Ha ɓawo yorugo juɗe be takkarde gaɗɗa suudu limgal bacteriyaji fu usti ha do leepolji koli'en be 76% be do juɗe ha 77%. Aandoɓe sallini lartolji ngam fammugo to footi raɓɓol salla diga huwooɓe gaɗɗa suddu feere be wakkereji gaɗɗa suudu bana ha sappinol kala dabare yorugo.
The jet-air dryer, which blows air out of the unit at claimed speeds of 180 m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), was capable of blowing micro-organisms from the hands and the unit and potentially contaminating other washroom users and the washroom environment up to 2 metres away.
Ordo yorugo gal fuffugo hendu, je ɗon fuffa hendu be jaawal 180m/s (650 km/h; 400 mph), footi fuffa gilɗiji diga juɗe ha ordo e footi raɓɓa yimɓe je ɗon yuwa ha gaɗɗa suudu ndu be wakkere gaɗɗa suudu ha metaaji 2.
Use of a warm-air hand dryer spread micro-organisms up to 0.25 metres from the dryer.
Huwidugo be ordo yorugo juɗe sankittol gilɗiji ha metaa 0.25 be ordo yorugo.
Paper towels showed no significant spread of micro-organisms.In 2005, in a study conducted by TÜV Produkt und Umwelt, different hand drying methods were evaluated.
Takkarde gaɗɗa suudu sappinay sankittol gilɗiji sam. Ha 2005, ha nder ekkitol feere je TÜV Pordukt und Umwelt, dabareji yarugo juɗe feere-feere sappinama.
The following changes in the bacterial count after drying the hands were observed:
Nda ko ɗon tawama ha nder limtol bacteriyaji ha ɓawo yornol juɗe:
Many different hand dryer manufacturers exist, and hand driers have been compared against drying with paper towels.
Tagooɓe ordoji yorugo juɗe feere-feere ɗon, e ordoji yorugo juɗe do takkardeji gaɗɗa suudu.
Hand washing using hand sanitizing wipes is an alternative during traveling in the absence of soap and water.
Lallugo juɗe be leepolji laɓɓinugo lati dabare feere ha wakati jaahangal to wala sabulu be ndiyam.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer should contain at least 60% alcohol.
Kuje laɓɓinugo juɓe be alkol sey mara pettum man 60% alkol.
Medical hand-washing became mandatory long after Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis discovered its effectiveness (in 1846) in preventing disease in a hospital environment.
Lallugo juɗe lati dole ha ɓa lekkitowo Hungariya'en Ignaz Semmelweis tawi naffuda man (ha 1846) ngam aynol nyau ha nder wakkere suudu lekki feere.
There are electronic devices that provide feedback to remind hospital staff to wash their hands when they forget.
Woodi ordoji je ɗon hokka sifturol ha huwooɓe suudu jam ɓaandu ngam lallugo juɗe maɓɓe to ɓe ho'itti.
One study has found decreased infection rates with their use.
Ekkitol feere sappini ustol limtolji nyau to huwidi be man.
Medical hand-washing is for a minimum of 15 seconds, using generous amounts of soap and water or gel to lather and rub each part of the hands.
Lallugo juɗe hoosan pettum man segonji 15, be sabulu seeɗa be ndiyam mala gel heɓɓa waɗa nguffu e yigga ndu boɗɗum.
Hands should be rubbed together with digits interlocking.
Sey yigga jude boɗɗum be koli'en nder koli'en feere.
If there is debris under fingernails, a bristle brush may be used to remove it.
To wodi cuddi ha nder peɗeeli, footi huwa be bros lottugo limse.
Since germs may remain in the water on the hands, it is important to rinse well and wipe dry with a clean towel.
Ngam gilɗiji footi wonda ha do juɗe, lati kanduɗum lallugo be boɗɗe e yorina ɗum be limse laɓɗe.
After drying, the paper towel should be used to turn off the water (and open any exit door if necessary).
Ha ɓawo yorugo, sey hoosa takkarde gaɗɗa suudu ngam darnugo ndiyam (e maɓɓitugo dammugal to wodi).
This avoids re-contaminating the hands from those surfaces.
Ngam aynugo juɗe ma hoosa gilɗiji fahin.
The purpose of hand-washing in the health-care setting is to remove pathogenic microorganisms ("germs") and avoid transmitting them.
Naffuda lallugo juɗe ha wakkereji jam ɓandu ndu lati ngam ittugo gilɗiji (gilɗi") e ayna sallinol majjum ha yimɓe feere.
The New England Journal of Medicine reports that a lack of hand-washing remains at unacceptable levels in most medical environments, with large numbers of doctors and nurses routinely forgetting to wash their hands before touching patients, thus transmitting microorganisms.
The New England Journal of Medicine ɗon matina yo'o sallugo lallugo juɗe lati bana waɗatakke ha ɓurna wakkereji jam ɓaandu, be lekkitaɓe e ɓe'en je suklata do nyauɓe je ɗon ho'itta lallugo juɗe hiddeko memmugo nyauɓe, ndu sallina gilɗiji ha ha yimɓe feere.
One study showed that proper hand-washing and other simple procedures can decrease the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infections by 66 percent.The World Health Organization has published a sheet demonstrating standard hand-washing and hand-rubbing in health-care sectors.
Ekkitol feere sappini yo'o lallugo juɗe be lawol man be laahalji feere footi ustina nyau je sallinata gal kateter ha nder iyam be 66%. Geeɓe Jam Ɓaandu Duniyaru sappini batakkewol je ɗon hollina lallugo juɗe be yiggugo juɗe ha wakkereji jam ɓaandu.
The draft guidance of hand hygiene by the organization can also be found at its website for public comment.
Batakkewol sappinol laɓɓinol juɗe je ɗowirɗe tawama ha do website maɗa ngam ngewte ummatore.
A relevant review was conducted by Whitby et al.
Lartol kanduɗum sallinama gal Whitby et al.
Commercial devices can measure and validate hand hygiene, if demonstration of regulatory compliance is required.
Ordoji fillu footi foonda e jaɓɓa laɓɓinol ɓaandu, to wodi emmol sappinol yahde umroji ndu.
The World Health Organization has "Five Moments" for washing hands:
Geeɓe Jam Ɓaandu Duniyaru wodi "Wakatiji Joowey" ngam lallugo juɗe:
after exposure to blood/body fluids
ha ɓawo memmugo iyam/illam ɓaandu
before an aseptic task, and
hiddeko kugal suklugo do nyauɗo, be
after patient care.The addition of antiseptic chemicals to soap ("medicated" or "antimicrobial" soaps) confers killing action to a hand-washing agent.
ha ɓawo suklugo do nyauɗo. Ɓesdugo kujeji mbarugo gilɗiji ha sabulu (sabuluji "suudu jam ɓaandu" mala "mbarugo gilɗiji") ɗon hokka sembe mbardugo ha kuje lallugo juɗe.
Such killing action may be desired prior to performing surgery or in settings in which antibiotic-resistant organisms are highly prevalent.To 'scrub' one's hands for a surgical operation, it is necessary to have a tap that can be turned on and off without touching it with the hands, some chlorhexidine or iodine wash, sterile towels for drying the hands after washing, and a sterile brush for scrubbing and another sterile instrument for cleaning under the fingernails.
Irin kugal mbardugo footi naffa hiddeko seekugo nyauɗo mala ha wakkere je gilɗiji je ɗon mari semɓe nyaɗum ɗon wondi. Ngam 'yigugo' juɗe ha seekugo nyauɗo, lati kanduɗum marugo ndiyam je ɗon illa je goɗɗo footi maɓɓita mala maɓɓa bila memmugo be juɗe, lallugo be chlorhexidine mala iodine, leepolji je meeɗay huwugo be man, be bross je yiggugo be kujeji laɓɗe ngam laɓɓinugo peɗeeli.
All jewelry should be removed.
Sey itta halagaare fu.
This procedure requires washing the hands and forearms up to the elbow, usually 2–6 minutes.
Laahal ndu ɗon emma lallugo juɗe diga les ha do, ɓurna fu nder minti 2-6.
Long scrub-times (10 minutes) are not necessary.
Neɓɓugo jur do yiggugo (minti 10) wala naffuda.
When rinsing, water on the forearms must be prevented from running back to the hands.
Ha yakke lallitugo, tato ndiyam je ɗon ha do toɓɓa ha nder juɗe fahin.
After hand-washing is completed, the hands are dried with a sterile cloth and a surgical gown is donned.
Ha ɓawo timminol lallugo juɗe, sey yora juɗe be limse laɓɗe e ɓorna ngapaleewol seekowo do man.
To reduce the spread of germs, it is better to wash the hands or use a hand antiseptic before and after tending to a sick person.
Ngam ustugo sankittol gilɗiji, kanduɗum lallugo juɗe mala kujeji laɓɓinugo juɗe hiddeko e ha ɓawo suklugo do nyauɓe.
For control of staphylococcal infections in hospitals, it has been found that the greatest benefit from hand-cleansing came from the first 20% of washing, and that very little additional benefit was gained when hand cleansing frequency was increased beyond 35%.
Ngam aynol nyauji staphilocok ha nder cuuɗi jam ɓaandu, ɗon holli yo'o riba maungel nder laɓɓinugo juɗe wari ha 20% arandere lallol, e ɓesdare pamarron ndu wangi ha yakke limtol laɓɓinol juɗe ɓesdi ha gaɗɗa 35%.
Washing with plain soap results in more than triple the rate of bacterial infectious disease transmitted to food as compared to washing with antibacterial soap.Comparing hand-rubbing with alcohol-based solution with hand washing with antibacterial soap for a median time of 30 seconds each showed that the alcohol hand-rubbing reduced bacterial contamination 26% more than the antibacterial soap.
Lallugo be sabulu meere ɗon sappina nde tati limtol nyau bacteriyaji je ɗon raɓɓa je sallini ha nyamdu do foodol be lallugo be sabulu je mbardugo bacteriyaji. Foondugo yiggugo juɗe be kuje je ɗon mari alkol be lallugo juɗe be sabulu je mbardugo bacteriyaji ha nder segonji 30 feere-feere sappini yo'o lallugo juɗe je kuje je ɗon mari alkol ustini raɓɓol bacteriyaji be 26% ɓuri je lallotto be sabulu mbardugo bacteriyaji.
But soap and water is more effective than alcohol-based hand rubs for reducing H1N1 influenza A virus and Clostridium difficile spores from hands.Interventions to improve hand hygiene in healthcare settings can involve education for staff on hand washing, increasing the availability of alcohol-based hand rub, and written and verbal reminders to staff.
Amma sabulu be ndiyam ɓuri naffugo do kujeji laɓɓinugo je ɗon mari alkol ngam ustinugo viriis ndamba H1N1 A be Clostridium difficile spores nder juɗe. Dabareji ɓesdugo hakkika lallugo juɗe ha nder wakkereji jam ɓaandu footi larna aandal huwooɓe do lottugo juɗe, je ɗon ɓesda wondugo kuje lallugo juɗe je ɗon mari alkol, be siftirol je ɗon windi e je ɗon be hunduko ha huwooɓe.
There is a need for more research into which of these interventions are most effective in different healthcare settings.
Wodi haaje teffol feere je dabareji ndu lati kanduɗum ha nder wakkereji jam ɓaandu feere.
In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition.
Ha nder lesɗe je ɗon laffi masitin, lallugo juɗe be sabulu ɗon aandi bana ɗon buuti, dabare kanduɗum ngam jam ɓaandu, be nyamɗe boɗɗe.
However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors.
Be man fu, to walla ndiyam je illa boɗɗum, sabulu mala wakkereji lallugo juɗ ha saare yimɓe, ha jaangirde be ha baabe kugal latina ɗum bana saɗirma nder gikku lallugo juɗe je boɗɗum.
For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations.
Bana sappinol, ha ɓurna kawyeji Afirika, caɗɗum heɓɓugo baabe lallugo juɗe je ndiyam ndiyam ɗon illa boɗɗum ha nder gaɗɗa suddu goɗɗo mala je ummatore, ko to wodi dabareji mahugo wakkereji lallugo juɗe je kooyɗum.
However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.
Amma, footi limtol lallugo ɓaandu ɗon lessi bo'o ngam nastay nder gikku maɓɓe do ngam wala sabulu mala ndiyam.
The promotion and advocacy of hand washing with soap can influence policy decisions, raise awareness about the benefits of hand washing and lead to long-term behavior change of the population.
Feelore be sembintinol ngam lallugo juɗe be sabulu footi memma siyasa hasduji, hollina ribaji lallugo juɗe e saanjan gikku ummatore ha yeeso.
For this to work effectively, monitoring and evaluation are necessary.
Ngam heɓɓa dabare ndu huwa be gonga, aynol be lartol lati kanduɗum.
A systematic review of 70 studies found that community-based approaches are effective at increasing hand washing in LMICs, while social marketing campaigns are less effective.One example for hand washing promotion in schools is the "Three Star Approach" by UNICEF that encourages schools to take simple, inexpensive steps to ensure that students wash their hands with soap, among other hygienic requirements.
Lartol ekkitolji 70 sappini yo'o dabareji gal badittugo ummatore lati kanduɗum ngam ɓesdugo lallugo juɗe ha LMIC, ha wakati feere bo'o feeloji ha ummatore ngam sippugo hokkata ɓiɓe. Wodi sappinol feere ngam feelore ngam lallugo juɗe ha jaangirdeji lati dabare je mbiyotto "Dabare Kode Tati" gal UNICEF je ɗon sembintina jaangirdeji ngam hoosa yaɓɓordeji kooyɗum ngam aandinugo yo'o jaangoɓe ɗon lalla juɗe maɓɓe be sabulu, ha cakka dabareji laɓɓinol feere.
When minimum standards are achieved, schools can move from one to ultimately three stars.
To tawretaji arandere lati bana heɗɗitotto, jaangirdeji footi umma diga kode gooto ha tati.
Building hand washing stations can be a part of hand washing promotion campaigns that are carried out in order to reduce diseases and child mortality.
Mahugo baabe lallugo juɗe footi nasta nder dabareji feelore ngam lallugo juɗe je hasdotto ngam ustugo nyauji be limtol mayde ɓikkon.
Global Hand washing Day is another example of an awareness-raising campaign that is trying to achieve behavior change.As a result of the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, UNICEF promoted the adoption of a handwashing emoji.
Balɗe Duniyaru ngam Lallugo juɗe lati bana sappinol feere je dassata hakkilo ummatore je yardi yimɓe saanja gikku. Ngam nyau koronaviriis 2019-20, UNICEF feeli jaɓɓugo didol lallugo juɗe.
Few studies have considered the overall cost effectiveness of hand washing in developing countries in relationship to DALYs averted.
Ekkitolji seeɗa waɗi lisafi ceede je ko lallugo juɗe footi hoosa ha nder lesɗe je ɗon laffi be ko DALY matini.
However, one review suggests that promoting hand washing with soap is significantly more cost-effective than other water and sanitation interventions.
Amma, wodi lartol feere je ɗon sappina yo'o feelugo lallugo juɗe be sabulu ɓuri buutugo do dabareji addugo ndiyam mala jam ɓaandu feere.
The importance of hand washing for human health – particularly for people in vulnerable circumstances like mothers who had just given birth or wounded soldiers in hospitals – was first recognized in the mid 19th century by two pioneers of hand hygiene: the Hungarian physician Ignaz Semmelweis who worked in Vienna, Austria and Florence Nightingale, the English "founder of modern nursing".
Naffuda lallugo juɗe ha nder yonki neɗɗo, ɓurna ummatore je ɗon woni ha nder saɗirmaji feere bana daadiraɓe je ɓeesni mala soje'en je ɗon nawni je wondi ha nder cuuɗi lekki, wangi ha cakkare hittande 1900 gal haɓdooɓe ngam laɓɓinol ɓaandu: Lekkitawo Hungariya'en Ignaz Semmelweis je huwidi ha Vienna, Ostriya be Florence Nightingale, "daada sukloowo jam ɓaandu" Inglisiya.
At that time most people still believed that infections were caused by foul odors called miasmas.
Ha wakati nde ɓurna yimɓe tammi no yo'o ko hokkata nyauji woni haccengaji je woɗay je ewnotto miasma.
In the 1980s, foodborne outbreaks and healthcare-associated infections led the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to more actively promote hand hygiene as an important way to prevent the spread of infection.
Gal 1980, nyauji je salli gal nyamɗe be nyauji je larni jam ɓaandu waɗi Ɗowirɗe Aynol e Lartol Nyau ha Lesɗe America ngam feelugo laɓɓinol juɗe bana dabare kanduɗum nder aynol sankittol nyau.
The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to increased awareness in many countries of the importance of washing hands with soap to protect oneself from such infectious diseases.
Wangol nyau ndamba gaduru ha 2009 be nyau COVID-19 ha 2020 ɓesdini dassugo hakkika ha nder lesɗe ɗuɗɗum ngam naffuda lallugo juɗe be sabulu ngam fadugo hoore mum ngam irin nyauji ndu.
For example, posters with "correct hand washing techniques" were hung up next to hand washing sinks in public toilets and in the toilets of office buildings and airports in Germany.
Bana sappinol, fotoji be "sappinolji lallugo juɗe je kanduɗum" ɗon no ɓilli ha baabe lalluggo juɗe ha nder gaɗɗa suudu ummatore be gaɗɗa suudu cuuɗi kugal be wakkere jippol pireewolji ha Jaamani.
The phrase "washing one's hands of" something, means declaring one's unwillingness to take responsibility for the thing or share complicity in it.
Wolde "lallugo juɗe mum ngam" kuje feere, yiɗi wi'ugo yo'o hollinugo a yarday nastinugo hoore maɗa ha nder kuje mala lata bana walloowo.
It originates from the bible passage in Matthew where Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the decision to crucify Jesus Christ, but has become a phrase with a much wider usage in some English communities.
Fuɗɗi ha nder deftere nder Matta je Pontius Pilaatus lalli juɗe mako nder hasduye waffugo Yeesu Kristi, amma lati boleeɗe je yiɗi wi'ugo kujeji jur ha nder ummatore Inglisiya.
In Shakespeare's Macbeth, Lady Macbeth begins to compulsively wash her hands in an attempt to cleanse an imagined stain, representing her guilty conscience regarding crimes she had committed and induced her husband to commit.
Ha Macbeth Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth fuɗɗi be lallugo juɗe mako ngam o yiɗi no willugo aybe feere je ɗon nder hakkilo mako, je ɗon sappina hakke mako do mbarol je o waɗi gorko mako nasti nder majuum.
It has also been found that people, after having recalled or contemplated unethical acts, tend to wash hands more often than others, and tend to value hand washing equipment more.
Tawama bo'o ummatore, ha ɓawo sirturol mala nummol kuje je yahay, ɗon lalla juɗ maɓɓe ha wakati fu ɓuri yimɓe feere do yimɓe feere, e yardi hokkugo mangu ha kujeji lallugo juɗe.
Furthermore, those who are allowed to wash their hands after such a contemplation are less likely to engage in other "cleansing" compensatory actions, such as volunteering.
Fahin bo'o, yimɓe je ɗon mari jarfuye lallugo juɗe ha ɓawo irin kujeji ndu yarday hasdugo kuɗe "laɓɓinol" bana wallende.
Religions prescribe hand washing for both hygienic and symbolic purposes.Symbolic hand washing, using water but no soap to wash hands, is a part of ritual hand washing featured in many religions, including Bahá'í Faith, Hinduism, tevilah and netilat yadayim in Judaism, Lavabo in Christianity, and Wudhu in Islam.Religions also prescribe hygienic hand washing, especially after certain actions.
Dina'en ɗon feela lallugo juɗe ngam dabare laɓɓinol be sappinol. Sappinol lallugo juɗe, be ndiyam bila sabulu, lati bana ɗon nasta nder deewal dina'en feere jur, bana Dina Bahá'í, Hinduism, tevilah be netilat yadayim nder Judaism, Lavabo nder Maasinkoo'en, be Wudhu nder Islam. Dina'en bo'o ɗon feela lallugo juɗe, ɓurna fu ha ɓawo kujeji.
Hinduism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands after using the toilet.
Hinduism, Judaism be Islam ɗon feere lallugo juɗe ha wurtol gaɗɗa suudu.
And, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism and Islam mandate washing of hands before and after every meal.
E, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism be Islam ɗon feela lallugo juɗe hiddeko e ha ɓawo kala nyamdu fu.
Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on education
Saklere nyau koronaviriis 2019-20 do jaangirde
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closures of schools and universities.
Nyau koronaviriis 2019-20 memmi jaahargal jaangirdeji ha nder duniyaru fu, je waɗi jaangirdeji be jam'iareji ɓurna fu nder duniyaru maɓɓi.
As of 8 April 2020, approximately 1.716 billion learners have been affected due to school closures in response to COVID-19.
Ha 8 Aviiril 2020, deydey jaangoɓe miliarji 1.716 memmotto ngam maɓɓolji jaangirde ngam jabbuye ha COVID-19.
According to UNESCO monitoring, 188 countries have implemented nationwide closures and 5 have implemented local closures, impacting about 99.4% of the world's student population.
Ha larto UNESCO, lesɗe 188 maɓɓi dammuɗe maɓɓe do lesdi man fu be 5 maɓɓi ha wakkereji feere tan, ko memmi ɓadi 99.4% ummatore jaangoɓe duniyaru fu.
On 23 March 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS &amp; A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.
Ha 23 Maars 2020, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) wurtini matinol je ɗon no darna IGCSE Cambridge, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS & A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, be bindolji Cambridge Pre-U je Me/Zwiing 2020 ha nder lesɗe fu.
International Baccalaureate exams have also been cancelled.School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families, but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.
Bindi International Baccalaureate woni darnotto bo'o. Maɓɓolji jaangirde memmay tan jaangoɓe, jaanginooɓe, be caalaje, amma memmi bo'o jonde nder ummatore be siggordeji.
School closures in response to COVID-19 have shed light on various social and economic issues, including student debt, digital learning, food insecurity, and homelessness, as well as access to childcare, health care, housing, internet, and disability services.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde ngam jabbuye ha COVID-19 ngewti do saɗirmaji ummatore be siggorde, be nyaamande jaangoɓe, ekkitol gal ordo, larula be nyamɗe, be wondugo bila saare, be nastirde ha suklare do ɓikkon, saare, internaati be kuɗe do yimɓe je mari nyau diga danyinki.
The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.In response to school closures, UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning programmes and open educational applications and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.
Ndu lati ɓuri sembe ɓikkon be caalage je maray dabareji feere, je ngaɗi ɓe darni jaangirde, maray nyamdu boɗɗe, mari larulaji ngam wala goɗɗo je suklata do ɓikkon, be asaarji je caalaje je footay huwa ɗon matta. Jabbugo ha maɓɓolji jaangirde UNESCO ɗon feela jaahargal ekkitolji daayindi e emmolji jaangirde be daaldalji je jaangirdeji be jaangoɓe footi jokka jaangoɓe gal dabareji daayindi e darni jaangirde.
Efforts to stem the spread of COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and preventive measures such as social-distancing and self-isolation have prompted the widespread closure of primary, secondary, and tertiary schooling in over 100 countries.Previous outbreaks of infectious diseases have prompted widespread school closings around the world, with varying levels of effectiveness.
Dabareji darnugo sankittol COVID-19 gal dabareji je wonday gal lekki mala aynol bana dayol ummatore be wondugo ha seera be hoore mum yaawini maɓɓol jaangirdeji aranool, ɗiɗiɗaɓool, be tataɓool ha nder lesɗe 100. Nyauji warango yaawini maɓɓolji jaangirde ha der nder duniyaru, be yajjol ndu ɗon saanja be wakkere e lesdi.
Mathematical modelling has shown that transmission of an outbreak may be delayed by closing schools.
Sappinol limtol sappini yo' o sallinol nyau footi ɗaaya gal maɓɓugo cuuɗi jaangirdeji.
However, effectiveness depends on the contacts children maintain outside of school.
Amma, goongakku man wondi do footi ngaɗa ha ɓawo suudu jaangirde.
School closures may be effective when enacted promptly.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde footi naffa to waɗatto be wakati.
If school closures occur late relative to an outbreak, they are less effective and may not have any impact at all.
To maɓɓolji jaangirde yotti be ɗaayol, marata naffuda jur e footi marata sembe sam ma.
Additionally, in some cases, the reopening of schools after a period of closure has resulted in increased infection rates.
Fahin bo'o, ha wakkere feere, maɓɓitol jaangirdeji ha ɓawo wakati maɓɓol waɗi limtolji nyauɓe ɓesdi.
As closures tend to occur concurrently with other interventions such as public gathering bans, it can be difficult to measure the specific impact of school closures.During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, school closures and public gathering bans were associated with lower total mortality rates.
Bana maɓɓolji ɗon yahida be dabareji feere bana haɗɗol mofturde ummatore, footi lato caɗɗum foondugo ko maɓɓolji jaangirde ndu wadi. Ha wakati nyau ndamba ha 1918-1919 ha nder Lesɗe America, maɓɓolji jaangirde be haɗɗol mofturde ummatore yahidi no be limtol mayɓe je wonay jur.
Cities that implemented such interventions earlier had greater delays in reaching peak mortality rates.
Berniji je huwidi be dabareji ndu diga fuɗɗam man daayi no ngam jokkittugo limtolji mayde ndu.
Schools closed for a median duration of 4 weeks according to a study of 43 US cities' response to the Spanish Flu.
Jaangirdeji maɓɓakke ha nder deydey asaweji 4 bana sappinol ekkitol jabbuji berni Lesɗe America 43.
School closures were shown to reduce morbidity from the Asian flu by 90% during the 1957–58 outbreak, and up to 50% in controlling influenza in the US, 2004–2008.Multiple countries successfully slowed the spread of infection through school closures during the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde woni no bana ustan limtol mayde nyauɓe Ndamba Asia je 1957-58, e ha 50% ngam lartugo nyau ha Lesɗe America, 2004-2008. Lesɗe ɗuɗɗum ɗaayini yahde sankittol nyau gal maɓɓolji jaangirde ha yakke nyau H1N1 2009.
School closures in the city of Oita, Japan, were found to have successfully decreased the number of infected students at the peak of infection; however closing schools was not found to have significantly decreased the total number of infected students.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde ha nder berniwol Oita, Japan, tawama bana ustini limtol jaangoɓe je nyauɗo; amma maɓɓolji jaangirde latay dabare ustugo limtol jaangoɓe fu je mari nyau ndu be gonga.
Mandatory school closures and other social distancing measures were associated with a 29% to 37% reduction in influenza transmission rates.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde be dabareji daayol ummatore yahidi no be jippol 29% ha 37% be limtol sallinol ndamba.
Early school closures in the United States delayed the peak of the 2009 H1N1 Flu pandemic.
Maɓɓolji jaangirde be wakati ha nder Lesɗe America ɗaayini nyau ndamba H1N1 je 2009.