atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a zinc containing metalloenzyme located on the surface of endothelial and other cells.
Neebam 2 je ɗon waylitta Angiotensin lati metalloenzyme je ɗon mari zinc e ɗon woni ha do endothelial be cellji feere.
ACE2 protein contains an N-terminal peptidase M2 domain and a C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain.
ACE2 protein ɗon mari N-terminal peptidase M2 domain be C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain.
ACE2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein, with its enzymatically active domain exposed on the surface of cells in lungs and other tissues.
ACE2 is lati nastirde woore type I membrane protein, je ɗon mari neebam je ɗon huwa e ɗon woni do cellji ha nder fuffu be kujeji feere.
The extracellular domain of ACE2 is cleaved from the transmembrane domain by another enzyme known as sheddase, and the resulting soluble protein is released into the blood stream and ultimately excreted into urine.
Domain ACE2 je gal yaasi cell ɗon ta'i be transmembrane domain gal neebam feere je mbiyotto bana sheddase, be proteinji je ɗon ɗiggi ɗon illa nder iyam e ha ragare man wurtan gal ciile.
ACE2 is present in most organs: ACE2 is attached to the cell membrane of mainly lung type II alveolar cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells in most organs.
ACE2 ɗon wondi ha ɓurna kujeji ɗaandu: ACE2 ɗon hawti be laaral cell je fuffu je ɓurna cellji type II alveolar, enterocytes teetekki je peetel, ceelji arterial be venous endothelial be cellji arterial smooth muscle ha ɓurna kujeji ɓaandu.
ACE2 mRNA expression is also found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem.
Jaangirde ACE2 mRNA tawama bo'o ha nder cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, be ɗaaɗon ngaandi.
The primary function of ACE2 is to act as a counter balance to ACE.
Aranool kugal ACE2 lati bana counter balance ha ACE.
ACE cleaves angiotensin I hormone into the vasoconstricting angiotensin II.
ACE ɗon wartira hormone angiotensin I do vasoconstricting angiotensin II.
ACE2 in turn cleaves the carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine from angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and hydrolyses it into the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 kanjuum bo'o ɗon wartira carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine diga angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) do vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 can also cleave a number of other peptides including [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, and ghrelin.
ACE2 footi bo'o wartira lamba peptidji feere bana [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, be ghrelin.
ACE2 also regulates the membrane trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 and has been implicated in Hartnup's disease.
ACE2 bo'o ɗon mo'ina laaral roondoowo neutral amino acid SLC6A19 e lati bana ɗaaɗol nyau Hartnup.
As a transmembrane protein, ACE2 serves as the main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (the virus that causes SARS); and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
Bana transmembrane protein, ACE2 lati bana dammugal woore ha nder cellji koronaviriisji feere, bana HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (the virus that causes SARS); and SARS-CoV-2 (viriis je wangini COVID-19).
More specifically, the binding of the spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 to the enzymatic domain of ACE2 on the surface of cells results in endocytosis and translocation of both the virus and the enzyme into endosomes located within cells.
Laɓɓinugo bo'o, hawtirde spike S1 protein je SARS-CoV be SARS-CoV2 ha enzymatic domain ACE2 do cellji latan endocytosis be translocation viriisji ɗiɗi ndu be neebam do endosomeji je ɗon wondi ha nder cellji.
This entry process also requires priming of the S protein by the host serine protease TMPRSS2, the inhibition of which is under current investigation as a potential therapeutic.This has led some to hypothesize that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection.
Nastirde ndu yardi fuɗɗorde S protein gal jaɓɓowo serine protease TMPRSS2, je illam man ɗon do teffol bana dabare hurgol. Ndu waɗi en tammi yo'o ustol yahdeji ACE2, ha nder cellji, footi naffa ngam hurgol nyau ndu.
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 11, 2012, found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls."
Lartol fu be laritolji ekkitolji fu je wangi ha 11 Zwiiye 2012, tawi yo'o "huwugo be of ACE inhibitors hawti no be ustol 34% sababu pneumonia foondi be aynolji."
Moreover, "the risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure.
Fahin bo'o, "sababu pneumonia usti ha nyauɓe je hurgotto be ACE inhibitors je ɗon no mari sababu maungel raɓɓugo pneumonia, ɓurna fu ha ɓe'en je ɗon mari nyau illol iyam be semɓe be nyau ɓernde.
Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."
Hoosugo ACE inhibitors hawti bo'o be ustol mayde gal pneumonia, ko to sappinolji lessi do sababu pneumonia fu".
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) woni bana hurgol keese ngam huudure do fuffu je nyaɗay, e bana ɗon hokka sembe ha iyam nder fuffu be hebbinol hendu ha ɓikkon gaduji je ɓe tuffini ɓe gilɗi nyau pofɗe je larni lipopolysaccharide.
The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.
Reeta yonki rhACE2 ha neɗɗo woni gal njamɗe 10 e fuɗɗam kugal lati minti 30 be ɓedugo ha yahde sababu (wakati) ha nder njamɗe 24.
Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.Infused rhACE2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Sappinolji jur ɗon feela yo'o rhACE2 footi wona lekki kanduɗum ha yimɓe je footay jaɓɓa classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) mala ha nyauji je angiotensin II ɗon wa'i. rhACE2 je ɓe tuffi lartama ha nder lartolji suudu lekki ngam hurgol nyau saɗirma nder pofɗe.
b'Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus).
Koronaviriis je naandi SARS b'Bat WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), je ɓe ɗon ewna ha yakke feere koronaviriis je naandi SARS WIV1, woni asngol koronaviriis (SARSr-CoV) je ɗon hokka nyau pofɗe je nyaɗum je tawama ha nder bilwili je naandi paɗɗe puccu (Rhinolophus sinicus) Cayna.
Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.
Bana naandi koronaviriisji fu, ɓiɓe viriisji mari kosngal RNA woore tan je ɗon suudi ha nder suudu feere.
The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Tawol ɗon sappina yo'o bilwili on woni ɓundu SARS-CoV.
Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
Lartol asngol gene ɗon sappina dabare sallinol SARS diga bilwili ha goɗɗo bila sallugo gal patuuji Cayna bana cakkare suudu, bana ɗon tammi ha aran.
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
b'COVID-19 apps woni applicasionji je ɓe wurtini ngam wallugo teffugo yimɓe bana jabbuye do nyau koronaviriis 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, bana wi'ugo laahal maandugo yimɓe ("ngidooɓe") je footi wondi no be goɗɗo je ɗon mari nyau.
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
Applikasionji jur wangi mala ɗon feeli, be wallende ngomna be hoore mako ha nder wakkareji be lamordeji feere.
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
Sappinolji dabare wanginugo applikasionji tawtol wurtama.
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Larulaji ngam amana wangi no'o, ɓurna fu do dabareji je ɗon wondi do tawtugo wakkere jonde yimɓe je ɗon huwa be applikasionji ndu.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Dabareji je lessi sappinugo matinolji do goɗɗo ɗon huwa be mandolji Bluetooth ngam hoosugo ɓadol be telefonji feere.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
Ha 10 Aviiril 2020, Google be Apple matini ha wakati gootel yo'o ɓe nastinan kujeji ngam mballugo irin applikasionji be Bluetooth ha nder dabareji kugal Android be iOS maɓɓe.
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
Ha Cayna, ngomna Cayna, hawti be Alipay, wurtini applikasion feere je ɗon hokka jarfuye ha ummatore larta to ɓe ngondi no be yimɓe je mari no COVID-19.
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
Yimɓe ɗon huwa be man ha nder berniji Cayna 200. Ha Singapore, wodi applikasion je ewnotto TraceTogether.
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
Yimɓe IT ummatore on wurtini applikasion man, wangi bana maɓɓiti ha ko moy fu e hokkan ndu ha ngomna. Ha Woila Macedoniya wodi applikasion feere je ɗon huwa be Bluetoth je ewnotto "StopKorona!", ngam sappinugo sababuji je temma on wondi be yimɓe je ɗon mari nyau e hokka jabbuye law ha arduɓe jam ɓaandu.
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
Applikasion wangi gal kugal Geeɓeji Ngewte be Teknik be Jam Ɓaandu.
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Ha 14 Aviiril 2020, applikasion ndu ɗon no ndeena jaɓɓol Google Play Store be Apple App Store.
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
Ha 12 Aviiril, ngomna matini yo'o applikasion tawtugo yimɓe ha nder yahde je ɗon nyauɗum, e wondan ngam sendugo ha nder asaweji. Jaahargal irin applikasion ndu ngaɗi timmi ha Ireland, be Faraansa ("StopCovid").
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
Australia be New Zealand ɗon larta applikasionji je ɗon wondi do aandal applikasion TraceTogether Singapore be dabare BlueTrace. Russiya tammi wanginugo applikasion waɗugo keleewol wakkerereji ngam nyauɓe COVID-19 je wondi ha Moscow, ngam fammugo be fakatre ɓe wala wurtugo saare.
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
Ross Anderson, jaanginowo security engineering ha Cambridge University, limti no larulaji je kugal je applikasionji footi mara, bana sappinugo goɗɗo bana mari nyau amma wonay gonga, e fottay wonda kanduɗum to ɗon larni ummatore seeɗa tan.
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
Be lintugo larulaji ngam wangolji waagare applikasionji "koronaviriis" je wonay gonga mala kalluɗum, Apple sappini keerolji je geeɓeji footi ɓesda applikasionji je larni koronaviriis ha App Store maɗa, haɗɗugo ndu ha "ngomna" mala geeɓeji je ɗon aandi.
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
Google be Amazon waɗi irin keleewolji ndu timmi.
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Yimɓe je ɗon no sikka ngam larula je larni amana holli larula maɓɓe do ko larni aynol yimɓe fu gal applikasionji koronaviriis, ɓurna fu do to dabare aynol je ɓe wangini ngam darnugo nyau koronaviriis darnotto to nyau man salli.
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Amnesty International be ɓuri geeɓeji 100 feere wurtini haala feere gal ewnugo do keleewolji do irin aynolji ndu.
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
Geeɓeji ndu matini larulaji do kuɗe ngomna:
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
aynol footi wona no "kanduɗum, mari naffuda be kalkal";
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
juttinol llartol be aynol maran no umroji do darnol;
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
kugal be matinolji haɗɗan no do dabareji ngam COVID-19.
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
jam matinolji be bila windol inde wonan no siggotto e wona bana ɗon fadi do sappinolji;
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
aynol matinolji darnan no lasɓinol be gaanyu je ɗon ɓesda ndu;
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
kala sendol matinolji be goɗɗo feere sey umrore hasda do ndu;
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
dabareji keerolji wonan ngam huddi be jarfuji ummatore ngam jabbinugo do huddi;
meaningful participation by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
wondugo yimɓe fu nder dabare ndu gal "jagorɓe kanduɗum" sey emmotto, bana je wawooɓe jam ɓaandu be geeɓe je lasbinama. German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) be Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) wurtini bo'o dabareji.
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Jaahargal Google/Apple yiɗi larugo nder haala aynol je ɗon tokkiti ndu gal ittugo dabare sappinol wakkere je goɗɗo ɗon wondi ha ton nder ordoji maɓɓe ha ɓawo to wala naffuda fahin.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Lesɗe feere ɗon no huwida be ordo aynol amma na be applikasionji, ko ɗon waɗa bila wattugo applikasion feere be dabare je wala goɗɗo tokka ma gal ɓawo.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Ha Israayila, dabare aynol be ordo jaɓɓama.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Dabareji je wondi gal aynol wakkere wonde ɗon footi mara larulaji be matinolji amana yimɓe.
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Amma, na kala dabareji fu be ordoji cakkare mari haaje nastugo nder matinolji do wonde moɗon; wodi dabareji siggorde matinolji ngurtama je ɗon salla gal ordoji cakkare ngam saanjol ngewte (lare geeɓe je les).
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Ha South Korea, wodi dabare je wonday do applikasion naffi ngam lartugo ngidol.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Ha do huwugo be applikasion je ɗon hokki, ordo ndu mofti matinoljin laritol ndu gal dabare feere-feere bana matinolji wonde telefon be matinolji karte ceede, e hawti ɓe fu ngam wurtinugo batakkeji gal bindi ha yimɓe je footi mara nyau.
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Ha ɓesdugo huwugo be matinolji sappinugo baabal wonde , ngomna wurtini matinolji wondugo maɓɓittama ha ummatore fu, ko ɗon jarfi ngam saanjolji feere be umroji do matinolji ha ɓawo nyau MERS ha lesdi ndu.
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Matinolji ndu ɗon maɓɓitti ha ummatore gal limgal applikasionji be wedji. Lesɗe bana Jaamani hasdi ngam hawtugo dabareji joggugo matinolji be je cakkare.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
Ha 6 Aviiril 2020, matinolji man ngurtay no tawon.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Laritol wakkere wonde be matinolji je siggotto ɗon aandi, be ekkitoji teffooɓe je ɗon lora pettum man 2013. Ha 7 Aviiril 2020, ɓuri wawooɓe sappo e ɗiɗi huwidi no do dabareji siggorde matiolji, bana huwugo be Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) ngam teffugo huwoowo be telefonji feere.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Amma, PEPP-PT woni sembe je hawtama je wodi dabareji ɗiɗi fu je cakkare be je sankittito, e wonay dabare woore. Dabareji je ɗon sankittito larni Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) be feere.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Ha nder dabareji ndu, matinolji je footi heɓta footay wurta ordo, e hawtirde fu don salla do ordo ndu.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Privacy Group ha MIT Media Lab ɗon no haɗda do SafePaths, daaldal huwugo be dabareji siggorde maandirɗum ha wakati mofturde matinolji be huwugo be matinolji wakkere be ngidol ngam aynugo sankittol COVID-19.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Wondi do teffol deftere je wala kuje ha ton "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" je wurti ha Maars 2020. Wodi irin dabare ndu je woni daaldal SafeTrace gal Enigma MPC, geeɓe feere je ɗon huwa do wurtinugo dabareji aandol je tawama bo'o ha MIT Media Lab.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
SafeTrace ɗon huwa be dabareji teknik je jam jarfugo huwooɓe senda matinolji do wakkere be jam ɓaandu be yimɓe feere be ymɓe ngomna, bila hallinugo matinolji maandirɗum
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Ha 5 Aviiril 2020, TCN Coalition fu wangi gal geeɓeji je hawti ha ɓawo ko lati bana mari irin dabare man be irin yaɓɓordeji ndu, je hasdi ngam ustugo ta'irdeji, e waɗa yo'o aynol sankittol nyau ndu salla gal applikasionji je footi ha keerolji duniyaru fu.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Ha 9 Aviiril 2020, ngomna Singapore matini yo'o o wangini dabare BlueTrace ha yeeso ummatore fu gal applikasion je hokki ha ngomna maɗa.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Ha 10 Aviiril 2020, Google be Apple, geeɓeji mauɓe je ɗon mari daaldal telefon Android be iOS, matini dabare feere ngam laritol ngidol, je ɓe tammi siggan maadirɗum yimɓe, gal dabarehawtirde Bluetooth Low Energy technology be bindi je ɗon sigga matinolji maandirɗum.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Fahin bo'o ɓe wurtini cakkare dabareji je woni ha nder ordo ndu.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Ha limtol Apple be Google, ordo ndu wurtan nder yaɓɓordeji tati:
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
wurtinol kujeji ngam heɓɓa ngomna wangina applikasionji aynol sankittol koronaviriis je ngomna e je ɗon sigga mandirɗum.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
nastinugo kuɗe maɗa ha nder jaahargal iOS be AndroidGoogle be Apple ngam heɓɓugo jabbuji ha do jaɓɓol be larulaji aynol gal sendugo ha aranool man tawon dabare mal gal lartollji huwugo ordoji ndu, e ha ɓawo man ittugo ndu bana ha fuɗɗam to nyau man salli timmi.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Wurtinol lekki b'COVID-19 lati laahal teffol ngam wurtinugo baatal je aynugo mala lekki je hurgatta je footi usta sembe nyau koronaviriis 2019-20 (COVID-19).
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
International Clinical Trials Registry Platform je WHO windi ekkitolji jam ɓaandu 536 ngam wurtinugo hurgolji nyau COVID-19 , be hawtirdeji je mabardugo viriis ngam hurgugo nyauji feere je ɗon do teffol sey larta ndu
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Ha Maars, WHO fuɗɗi "SOLIDARITY Trial" ha nder lesɗe 10, be windugo yimɓe je mari nyau COVID-19 ngam lartugo sababuji hurgol,be hawtirdeji kujeji je mbardatta viriis nay be naffuda je ɓuri kanduɗum.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Lartol fu fuɗɗi ha Aviiril 2020 ngam lartugo yahde foondolji baatal be lekki hurgugo COVID-19. Wurtinugo baatal mala lekki ɗon mari yaɓɓordeji jur, ɓurna fu hoosan duɓɓi joowey ngam jam be naffuda hawtirdeji lekki man.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Wurtinugo lekki lati laahal wanginugo baatal mala lekki hurgugo nyau keese je ɗon raɓɓa yimɓe ha do lumo to wodi hawtirde lekki je aranool ɗon maandi gal laahal tawol.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Larni teffol do gilɗiji be daabaji ha nder suudu lartol, emmugo fadol, bana gal FDA, ngam teffugo lekki keese lata foondotto ha suudu lekkita do neɗɗo, e footi mara yaɓɓorde heɓɓugo jaɓɓol fadol be wurtinugo lekki keese ha do lumo.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Wurtinol baatal mala lekki je mbardatta viriis COVID-19 ɗon fuɗɗa be tawugo lekki gooto be dabare prophylactic baatal ndu mala kuɗe mbardugo viriis je ɗon yeeɗa.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Kuujeji feere keese (NCE, je mbiyotto bo'o kujeji molecular keese mala NME) lati hawtirde kujeji je wangi gal laahal tawol lekki ngam aandinugo baatal mala foondoowo mbarugo viriis.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Ndu ɗon yahida be kugal tawugo lekki nyau COVID-19.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Ha fuɗɗam wurtinol baatal mala lekki, wala kuje jur ɗon aandin do jam, nyaɗol, pharmacokinetikjin be noy NCE man huwan ha nder ɓaandu.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Lati kugal e dole nder laahal wurtinol lekki ngam larta kujeji je ɗon limti ndu fu hiddeko foondol do neɗɗo ngam jam be naffuda.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Dabare kanduɗum ha nder wurtinol lekki lati hokkugo limtol be jaahargal hoosugo lekki man ha neɗɗo ha arandere man ("arandere-ha-neɗɗo" [FIH] First Human Dose [FHD], je ɗon no aandin bana "aranool-ha-goɗɗo" [FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Ha ɓesdugo, wurtinol lekki sey sappina mandolji ko ɗon limti ha nder NCE: ko ɗon woni ha nder man, wondugo man, be jillol.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Yimɓe je waɗatta lekki ndu sey huwa boɗɗum do laahal maɓɓe hiddeko wurtinugo ndu be miligamji, ha wurtinugo de kilogramji mala tonji.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Fahin bo'o, ɓe larta lekki ngam dabare caahugo, bana capsolji, ɓolti-ɓolti, tuffama ha nder kuusel ɓaandu, ha nder laaral ɓaandu, mala nder lawol iyam.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Hawti, laahalji ndu ɗon aandi ha wakati hiddeko nastugo, mala wondugo ha suudu lartol bana hawtirde, taggol, be lartol (CMC).
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Ndu hawti fu lati lartolji ngam fammugo hallugo kuje hawtirde lekki hiddeko aranool foondol ha neɗɗo.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Ngomna Kanada matini wurtinugo milionji CA$275 ngam wallugo teffolji 96 ngam heɓɓugo dabare nattinugo COVID-19, be foondolji baatal jur ha jam'iareji Kanada, be jaahargalji maɓɓitugo "siggorde baatal" ngam baatalji keese to bana nyau koronaviriis ndu lori fahin.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Jaahargalji foondol larni duɓɓi tati, yaɓɓordeji ɗuɗɗum gal jaɓɓol lekki, be nayaɓool, yaɓɓorde lartol do aynol baatal mala hurgol lekki:
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Foondol yaɓɓorde I, ɓurna fu do yardooɓe je jammu, holla jam be limtol
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Foondol yaɓɓorde II yiɗi wurtinugo aranool jaangirde naffuda e lara jam ha cakka ummatore seeɗa je ɗon mari nyau je NCE tindinni.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Foondol yaɓɓorde III ɗon yajji, foondolji larugo ngam aandugo jam be naffuda ha cakka ummatore yimɓe ɗuɗum je ɗon mari COVID-19.
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
To jam be naffuda holli kanduɗum, lartol ha do yimɓe footi dara ha yaɓɓoorde ndu e NCE tokkan be yaɓɓorde hokkugo lekki keese (NDA) ngam fuɗɗam sippol.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Foondol yaɓɓorde IV lati ragare foondolji je footi wona larula je larni FDA, je ewnotto bo'o ekkitolji aynol je ɓawo lumo.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Ha ɓesdugo do lartolji je ɗon emmi ngam nastinugo baatal keese mala lekki je mbardatta viriis ha nder suudu lekki ha arandere man, yimɓe je waɗatta leeki sey hallende be wakati lartama be boɗɗ, bana sababuji do kujeji feere je aandakka tawon (danyugo , nuftugo, dabare fadol, ha cakka feere'en).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Ha nder Lesɗe Amerika, laahal ndu ewnotto "hokkugo lekki keese" mala NDA.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Foondol ha nder suudi lekki je ɗon do yahde footi saanja bana "kuje lartotto" to bana matinolji je ɗon moofta nder foondol ɗon sappina to ɗon naffa mala naffata nder hurgol.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Foondolji Solidarity and European Discovery fu do yimɓe je ɗon wondi ha suudu lekki je ɗon mari nyau COVID-19 je ɗon nyaɗi ɗon hokka dabare lartol ngam saanjugo kujeji lartol ha wakati sappinolji dabareji amin je nay ndu ɗon wurta:
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Dabare lartolji ha yakke foondolji yaɓɓorde II-III do hurgol foondooɓe footi usta wakati foondolji e hoosa yimɓe seeɗ tan, to footi bo'o nelda hasduji ngam darnugo law mala jallugo, be fadugo lartol saanjolji ngam ko larni foondol je feerejo ha kunde wakkereji maɗa ha do lesɗe feere.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Foondooɓe lekki keese (NCE) ɓurna fu dara ha nder yahde maɓɓe, temma ngam ɓe ɗon nyaɗi jur mala ngam ɓe sappinatta naffuda ngam hurgol nyau ndu, bana sappini ha foondolji Yaɓɓorde II-III nder suudu lekki.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Limtol darnolji do lawol je hawti be yahde lekki ɗon limti bana "jippol limtol", je ɗon mari haaje hasduji ha wakati fuɗɗam yahdeji wanginol lekki ha "mbara" ekkiltolji law ngam tato majjina ceede meere.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Wodi ekkitol feere ha 2010 je larti ceede je lutti be je wurti nder jibba ngam wanginugo lekki feere ha do lumo gal miliarji 1.8$ be milionji 870$.
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Ceede je foondolji wurtinol lekkiji sankara 10 hoosi ha 2015-16 woni gal milionji 648$.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Ha 2016 lartol lekki foondooɓe 106 ha nder suudu lekkita, ceede je mo je lekki mako naffi e yardotto ha nder foondolji Yaɓɓorde hawti fu miliarji 2.6$ (ha dallarji 2018), ceede je ɗon wa'a hittande fu be 8.5%.
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Foondolji 7 ɗon no larta fahin kekkiji je yardotto no bana ɗon hurga paaɓooje, be ekkitolji nay do hydroxychloroquine mala chloroquine phosphate.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Lekki mbardugo viriisji je lartotto ɓurna fu kanjuum on teffol Cayna woni do man, be foondolji Yaɓɓorde III 9 do remdesivir gal lesɗe jur ngam matinol ndu ha ragare Aviiril.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
Be fadol Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation be huwooɓe je ruffi milionji US$125 million be ɗowirde Geeɓe Duniyaru do Jam Ɓaandu, Therapeutics Accelerator COVID-19 fuɗɗi ha Maars, ko wartiri teffoɓe wurtinol lekki kooyɗum ngam maandugo, lartugo, wurtinugo, ɓesda hurgolji law.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Clinical Research Coalition COVID-19 je wurti ngam fadugo e yaawina sappinolji diga foondolji ha suudu lekki lesdi feere do hurgolji je footi ɓuri naffugo.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Ha fuɗɗam 2020, hawtirde lekki je mbardatta viriis jur ngam hurgugo nyauji feere lartotto malla wurtama ha nder dabareji teffol ngam nattinugo nyau COVID-19.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Ko larni lekki je ɗon yardi timmi (bana hydroxychloroquine ngam paaɓooje), foondolji Yaɓɓorde III-IV ɗon sappina nde temmere do temmere ha ujineji yimɓe je ɗon mari nyau COVID-19 dabare lartugo ha do lekki je ɗon aandin timmi ɗon hurga nyau COVID-19.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Ha fuɗɗam Aviiril 2020, foondooɓe lekki 103 wondi no ha Yaɓɓorde hiddeko suudu lekki mala I-IV, be sappinolji lartol foondooɓe lekki 29 je ɗon ndeeni ha Aviiril.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Ha Maars, Geeɓe Duniyaru do Jam Ɓaandu (WHO) fuɗɗi be "Solidarity trial" je ɗon fadi ha nder lesɗe 10 ngam lartugo ndu ha cakka ujineji nyauɓe COVID-19 footi naffuda lekki mbarugo viriis be ko footi usta gilɗiji lartakke ha jonta ngam nyau COVI-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Wodi gooto ha cakka lekkiji ndu ɗon usta limtol mayde na?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Wodi gooto ha cakka lekkiji ndu usta wakati wondugo nyauɗo ha suudu lekki na?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Hurgolji ɗon memma yimɓe je ɗon mari COVID-19 be pneumonia je ɗon mari haje fartugo hendu mala wondi do suklare je nyaɗum na?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Irin lekki ndu footi usta nyau COVID-19 na ha cakka huwooɓe jam ɓaandu be ummatore je ɗon mari sababuji marugo nyau je nyaɗum na? Nastinugo yimɓe je ɗon mari nyau COVID-19 lati kooyɗum gal huwugo be nastirde matinolji, bana jarfuye je ɗon aandin ha do web WHO.
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Ha ɓawo to huwooɓe fammi lekki ɗon wondi ha suudu lekki, web WHO ɗon hoosa nyauɓe bana ni tan ngam gooto cakka lekki foonlji mala ha dabare hurgol suudu lekki ngam hurgugo COVID-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Lekkitajo je ɗon foonda ɗon winda e hokka matinolji do nyauɗo be dabare hurgol, e timmina nastirde matinolji gal web Solidarity WHO.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Kawtal aynol do jam lekkitooɓe WHO fu ɗon larta sapinolji je hiddeko ngam wallugo be hasduji be naffuda lekki foondolji, e saanja dabare foondol mala feela hurgol je ɗon naffa.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
Wodi irin ekkitol ndu je woni do web Solidarity, ewnotto "Discovery", fuɗɗi ha Maars ha nder lesɗe 7 gal INSERM (Paris, Faraansa). Ha lewru Maars, ceede teffol ngam foondol Solidarity yotti milionji US$108 ha yimɓe, geeɓeji, ngomna'en 203 000, be lesɗe 45 do nder ɗowirɗe siggugo ceede mala foondugo.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Lekki foondolji jur do ekkitol bana hurgolji "wallende" ngam ustugo mandolji ha wakati nyau, bana NSAID mala bronchodilatorji, wonday ha nder tabaalji les ndu.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Foondolji Yaɓɓorde II feere je fuɗɗi law mala foondooɓe hurgol ɗuɗɗum ha foondolji Yaɓɓorde I, nastay nder limgal fu.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Lekki foondol ha foondolji Yaɓɓorde I-II ɗon mari limtol jallol je lessi (les 12%) ngam sallugo yahdeji foondol ngam yardugo ndu.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Hydroxychloroquine ɓuri wondugo do chloroquine ha Lesɗe America.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Ko to lesɗe jur nastini chloroquine mala hydroxychloroquine ngam hurgol yimɓe je ɗon woni ha suudu lekki je ɗon mari COVID-19, ha Maars 2020 lekki man maray jarfuye gal foondolji ha suudu lekki ha nder Lesɗe America.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Chloroquine feelama gal arduɓe jam ɓaandu Cayna, South Korea be Italy ngam hurgol COVID-19, ko to geeɓeji be US CDC sappini feere ngam yimɓe je ɗon mari nyau ɓernde mala nyau sukar.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Lekki ɗiɗi fu ɗon mari kuɗe kanduɗum be hoosugo lekki ndu, je ɗon memma limtol hurgol be ustol nyau.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Yimɓe feere, maɓɓe jaɓɓata lekki ndu. Ha 12 Aviiril, foondol hiddeko salli ha suudu lekki feere ha Brazil darnotto ha wakati je yimɓe jur hoosi chloroquine jur ngam nyau COVID-19 holli yo'o ɓernde maɓɓe saanji fi'ugo, ko waɗi yimɓe 11 mayi.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Foondolji Cayna ha Wuhan be Shenzhen wi'i sappinugo yo'o favipiravir "ɓuri naffugo".
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Ha nder nyauɓe 35 ha Shenzhen larti bana maray nyau ha ɓawo balɗe 4, ha wakati nde juttugo nyau man lati balɗe 11 ha kunde nyauɓe je hoosay.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Ha nder ekkitol feere je salli ha Wuhan nyauɓe 240 be pneumonia, reeta maɓɓe hoosi favipiravir e reeta feere hoosi umifenovir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Wolde "teffol hiddeko suduu lekki" yiɗi wi'ugo yo'o ha wolde ekkitolji suudu lartolji bana in vitro be in vivi, je ɗon holla fuɗɗam yahde nder wanginugo baatal, lekki mbardugo viriis mala gilɗe be kosngal woore, bana sappinugo limtol hoccol be hallende, hiddeko hawtirde foondowo tokkita be lartol jam be naffuda ha neɗɗo.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Antibiotikji feere footi lartama fahin ngam hurgugo COVID-19.
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Ha Maars, arandere protease viriis SARS-CoV-2 maandotto bana lekki je hoosugo haɓawo hurgol.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Neebam ndu kanduɗum ngam ha cell jaɓɓowo ngam waɗittugo ribonucleic acid viriis.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Ngam tawugo neebam ndu, aandooɓe hoosi genome je teffooɓe Cayna sappini ha Zaanviye 2020 ngam wurtinugo arandere protease.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Bana kawtal lekki hurgol, ɓe hoccama ha juɗe ɗiɗi Yaɓɓorde III kuɗe Solidarity 2020 fu do COVID-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Aranool ekkitol ha Cayna do hawtirde lopinavir be ritonavir taway sababu ha nyauɓe je wondi ha suudu lekki ngam COVID.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Lortirugo b'Drug (je ɗon aandin bana laritugo lekki fahin, re-profiling, re-tasking mala saanjugo hurgol) woni laritugo hasduye aranool do lekki je ɗon jarfi timmi ngam hurgol nyau feere mala mandoji nyau feere je ngaɗotto do man aran.
This is one line of scientific research which is currently being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments.
Nda teffol aandal nder wolde gooto je ɗon tokkiti ngam wurtinugo lekki je ɗon jam e ɗon naffa ngam hurgugo nyau COVID-19.
Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.SARS-CoV-2 has about 66 druggable proteins, each of which has multiple ligand binding sites.
Dabareji teffol feere larni wanginol baatal be plasma COVID-19. SARS-CoV ɗon mari proteinji 66 je footi hawta be lekki, kala fu ɗon mari baabe hawtirugo jur.
Analyzing those binding sites provide the reasonable project of developing effective antiviral drug against COVID-19 proteins.
Lartugo baabe hawtirdeji ndu kuɗe kanduɗum nde do wurtinugo lekki mbardugo viriis je ɗon naffa ngam proteinji COVID-19.
Of the most important SARS-CoV-2 target proteins are papain-like protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, and ADP ribophosphatase.
Ha kunde proteinji SARS-CoV-2 je ɓuri woɗɗugo wondi protease je ɗon naandi papain, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, helicase, S protein, be ADP ribophosphatase.