atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
The SARS-CoV-2 infection, featured by clustering onset, is more likely to affect elderly people with comorbidities and pregnant women.
Nyau SARS-CoV, je don fuɗɗa be sammere, footi ɓurna raɓɓa ndotti'en je ɗon mari nyau feere nder ɓaandu be rewɓe be reedu.
It is common that for people who are exposed to a large number of viruses or whose immune functions are compromised, they have higher chance to be infected than others.
Lati bana nden ha yimɓe je ɗon ha yeeso virrisji dudum mala je sembe ɓaandu maɓɓe do tampi, ɓe ɗon mari sa'a jur nder raɓɓugo yimɓe feere ha fatude maɓɓe.
The estimated mean incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days based on a study of the first 425 cases in Wuhan.
Wakati wangugo je footi goɗɗo famma je SARS-CoV-2 lati balɗe 1 ha 14, ɓurna ɓalde 3 ha 7 to en dari do ekkitol nyauɓe 425 ha Wuhan.
However, a study on 1,099 cases demonstrates that the incubation period was 3 days on average and ranged from 0 to 24 days.
Amma, ekkitol ha do nyauɓe 1 099 sappini yo'o wakati wangugo nyau waɗan deydey balɗe 3 e yahan diga balɗe 0 ha 24.
A more recent study, as described above, demonstrates that the incubation period was 4.8 (3.0-7.2) days based on the demography of 8,866 cases.
Ekkitol feere je keese, bana don limti ha dow, ɗon sappina yo'o wakati wangugo ndu lati no balɗe 4.8 (3.0-7.2) ha kunde limgal nyauɓe 8 866.
It is very important for health authorities to adjust the effective quarantine time based on the most accurate incubation period, thus preventing infected but symptomless people from transmitting the virus to others.
Lati kandudum ha arduɓe jam ɓaandu ngam lartugo wakati wondugo ha seera sey foonditora be wakati ummol nyau nder ɓaandu, ngam hebba viriis je ɗon nder iyam amma sappinay mandolji nyau tawon ta salla ha yimɓe feere.
As a common practice, individuals exposed to, or infected by, the virus are usually required to be quarantined for 14 days.
Bana ko wawi, yimɓe je ɗon footi naanga nyau, mala je naangi nyau man timmi, sey viriisji ndu wona ha seera ha nder balɗe 14.
Should the quarantine time be extended to 24 days?
To wakati wondugo feere mum ɓesdama ha nyalade 24?
Fever is often the major and initial symptom of COVID-19, which can be accompanied by no symptom or other symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle ache, dizziness, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Wulugo ɓaandu ɓurna fu lati aranol mandol nyau COVID-19, je footi mandol mala mandolji feere tokkita bana sondaru njorɗum, pofɗe bana daran, nawol ɓaandu, yirlol hoore, daande je ɗon yoori, kine je ɗon illa, nawol bernde, caarol, bana a yidi tuttugo, be tuttugo.
Some patients experienced dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after the onset of the disease.
Nyauɓe feere ɗon no mata bana pofɗe maɓɓe daran e/mala ustol hendu nder iyam asawere woore ha ɓawo fuɗɗorde nyau.
In severe cases, patients quickly progressed to develop acute respiratory syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Ha nyau je ɗon nyaɗi timmi, nyauɗo ɗon mari larulaji kanduɗum be pofɗe, nawne ha nder ɓaandu fu, lammugo ko a nyammi, e iyam ɗaccatakke.
Patients with fever and/or respiratory symptoms and acute fever, even without pulmonary imaging abnormalities, should be screened for the virus for early diagnosis.
Nyauɓe je ɗon mari ɓaandu ɗon wula/mala mandolji pofɗe be wulugo ɓaandu be jaw, ko to foto fuffu sappinay hudure, sey larta viriis ngam lartol be wakati.
A demographic study in late December of 2019 showed that the percentages of the symptoms were 98% for fever, 76% for dry cough, 55% for dyspnea, and 3% for diarrhea; 8% of the patients required ventilation support.
Ekkitol feere do ummatore ha desambre 2019 sappini yo'o limtol mandolji lati 98% je wulugo ɓaandu, 76% je sondaru joorɗum, 55% bana pofɗe daran, e 3% je caarol; 8% ha kunde nyauɓe mari no haaje mballol be hendu.
Similar findings were reported in two recent studies of a family cluster and a cluster caused by transmission from an asymptomatic individual.
Irin sappinolji tawama ha nder ekkitolji keese didi bana ni je caalaje sammere e be sammere feere wangi gal raɓɓugo gal goɗɗo je sappinay nyau ngu.
Comparably, a demographic study in 2012 showed that MERS-CoV patients also had fever (98%), dry cough (47%), and dyspnea (55%) as their main symptoms.
Fahin bo'o, ekkitol ummatore feere ha 2012 sappini nyauɓe MERS-CoV ɗon no mari bo'o wulugo ɓaandu (98%), sondaru joorɗum (47%), be bana pofɗe daran (55%) bana aranol matinolji nyau maɓɓe.
However, 80% of them required ventilation support, much more than COVID-19 patients and consistent with the higher lethality of MERS than of COVID-19.
Amma, 80% ha kunde maɓɓe mari haaje mbalol be hendu, ɓuri nyauɓe COVID-19 e ɗon tokkita be limtol mbarol MERS je ɓuri je COVID-19.
Diarrhea (26%) and sore throat (21%) were also observed with MERS patients.
Caarol (26%) be daande je ɗon yoori (26%) wangini no ha nyauɓe MERS.
In SARS patients, it has been demonstrated that fever (99%-100%), dry cough (29%-75%), dyspnea (40%-42%), diarrhea (20-25%), and sore throat (13-25%) were the major symptoms and ventilation support was required for approximately 14%-20% of the patients.
Ha nyauɓe SARS, ɗon sappini yo'o wulugo ɓaandu (99%-100%), sondaru joorɗum (29%-75%), pofɗe bana daran (40%-42%), caarol (20%-25%, be daande je ɗon yoori (13%-25%) lati arandere mandolji nyau e wallende be hendu emmotto gal nyauɓe 14%-20%.
By February 14, the mortality of COVID-19 was 2% when the confirmed cases reached 66,576 globally.
Ha 14 Feviriye, limtol COVID-19 lati 2% to nyauɓe je ɗon aandin yotti 66 576 ha nder duniyaru fu.
Comparably, the mortality of SARS by November 2002 was 10% of 8,096 confirmed cases.
Bana foondu, limtol mayde SARS ha Novambre 2002 do no 10% do nyauɗe 8 096 je ɗon aandin
For MERS, based on a demographic study in June 2012, the mortality was 37% of 2,494 confirmed cases.
Ha MERS, do sappinol ekkitol ummatore ha Zwing 2012, limgal mayde woni no 37% ha kunde nyauɓe 2 494.
An earlier study reported that the R0 of SARS-CoV-2 was as high as 6.47 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 5.71-7.23, whereas the R0 of SARS-CoV only ranged from 2 to 4.
Ekkitol aranol sappini yo'o R0 SARS-CoV-2 wonan 6.47 be tooɓere amana (CI) 95% je 5.71-7.23, ndego R0 SARS-CoV ɗon yaha diga 2 ha 4.
A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and SARA-CoV regarding their symptoms, mortality, and R0 is presented in Table ​Table1.1.
Bana foondan be SARS-CoV-2 be MERS-CoV be SARA-CoV ko larni mandolji maɓɓe, mayde, be R0 ɗon sappini ha Tabal 1.1.
The above figures suggest that SARS-CoV-2 has a higher ability to spread than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is less lethal than the latter two.
Limgalji je ɗon ha do ndu ɗon sappina yo'o SARS-CoV ɗon mari wawande yajjugo law do MERS-CoV be SARS-CoV, ama mbaratta jur bana je ɗiɗi je en limti ndu.
Thus, it is much more challenging to control the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 than those of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Nden kadi, ɓuri sembe aynugo yahde nyau SARS-CoV-2 do ɓe'en je MERS-CoV be SARS-CoV.
Clustered onset often happens in the same family or from the same gathering or vehicle such as a cruise ship.
Fuɗɗorde sammere ɗon wanga burna ha nder caalaje gooto e ha mofturde mala moota gooto bana jaahangal.
Patients often have a history of travel or residence in Wuhan or other affected areas or contact with infected individuals or patients in the recent two weeks before the onset.
Nyauɓe ɓurna ngaɗi jaahangal mala mari baabe jonde maɓɓe ha Wuhan mala wakereji je ɗon raɓɓi timmi mala wondi be yimɓe je ɗon rondi nyau man mala je ɗon nyauɗo ha nder asaweji ɗiɗi hideko fuɗɗorde.
However, it has been reported that people can carry the virus without symptoms longer than two weeks and cured patients discharged from hospitals can carry the virus again, which sends out an alarm to increase the time for quarantine.
Be man fu, be mbi'i yo'o yimɗe footi ronda viriis bila sappinugo mandolji je ɓurata asaweji didi e nyauɓe je ɗon hurgi timmi je wurti suudu lekki footi ronda viriis fahin, je yarɓinatta mandol ngam juttinugo wakati wonugo feere mum.
Patients have normal or reduced number of peripheral white blood cells (especially lymphocytes) at the early stage.
Nyauɓe ɗon mari limgal tooɓeji daanejum je iyam deydey mala usti (burna lymphociteji) ha fuɗɗam yahde.
For example, lymphopenia with white blood cell count &lt; 4×109/L including lymphocyte count &lt; 1×109/L, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and viremia were found in 1,099 COVID-19 patients.
Bana sappinol, lymphopenia be limgal tooɓeji daanejum je iyam < 4×109/L be limgal lymphocyteji < 1×109/L, be limtol aspartate aminotransferase ɓesdi be viremia tawotto ha kunde nyauɓe COVID-19 1 099.
The levels of liver and muscle enzymes and myoglobin were increased in the blood of some patients, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation were increased in the blood of most patients.
Baabe neebam hengre be ɓaandu be myoglobin ɓesdi ha nder iyam nyauɓe feere, be protein C-reactive be sampitol erythrocyte ɓesdi.
In patients with severe cases, the level of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood, was elevated, and lymphocyte count was progressively reduced.
Ha nyauɓe je nyau man nyaɗi masitin, ta'irde D-dimer, kuje wonnugo fibrin je wondi ha nder iyam, ɗon no ɓesdi, e limgal lymphocyte usti no be wakati.
Abnormalities in chest radiography are found in most COVID-19 patients and featured by bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs.
Radio je ɓernde ɗon sappina huuduji ha ɓurna nyauɓe COVID-19 e ɗon holla bo'o bana ɗaudi gal seera-seera mala bana to a lari gal darugal ha nder yiɓre ha nder fuffu.
Patients often develop an atypical pneumonia, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Burna fu nyauɓe don mari nyau ɓernde, huudure do fuffu, larula be fuffugo (ARDS).
When ARDS happens, uncontrolled inflammation, fluid accumulation, and progressive fibrosis severely compromise the gas exchange.
To ARDS yotti, huudure je footay goɗɗo larta, mofturde ndiyam, daajol kujeji nder ɓaandu je ɗon tokkitatta ɗon saɗɗina sanjol hendu.
Dysfunction of type-I and type-II pneumocytes decreases the surfactant level and increases surface tension, thus reducing the ability of the lungs to expand and heightening the risk of lung collapse.
Pneumocyteji irin-1 be irin-2 je huwatta boɗɗum ndu ɗon usta ta'irde surfactant e ɗon ɓesda baabal tension, nden kadi ɗon usta wawande fuffu nder yajjugo e ɗon ɓesda footi wada fuffu sampitta.
Therefore, the worst chest radiographic findings often parallel the most severe extent of the disease.
Nden kadi, fotoji ɓernde je radio footi ngurtina ɓurna ɗon naandi be nyau man je ɗon tulli timmi.
On February 18, 2020, the first pathological analysis of COVID-19 demonstrated the desquamation of pneumocytes, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration, and multinucleated syncytial cells in the lungs of a patient who died of the disease, consistent with the pathology of viral infection and ARDS and similar to that of SARS and MERS patients.
Ha 18 Feviriye 2020, aranol lartol nyau COVID-19 sappini yo'o pneumocyteji ɗon no ɓoora, laaral hyaline ɗon no wanga, be lymphocyteji ɗon no nasta ha nder intersticeji, e tooɓeji syncytial ɗuudum ha nder fuffu nyauɓe je maynama ngam nyau ndu, tokkitti be nawne nyau viriis be ARDS e ɗon naandi nyauɓe SARS be MERS.
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as the major criteria for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Tawtol RNA SARS-CoV-2 gal reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) huwidotto bana aranol dabare lartol COVID-19.
However, due to the high false-negative rate, which may accelerate the epidemic, clinical manifestations started to be used for diagnosis (which no longer solely relied on RT-PCR) in China on February 13, 2020.
Be man fu, ngam limtol je ɗon wa'i ama je wonnay gonga, je footi yaawina nyau ndu, ɓe fuɗɗi lartugo ndu be dabareji suudi lekki (je wonnay tan do RT-PCR) ha Cayna ha 13 Feviriye 2020.
A similar situation also occurred with the diagnosis of SARS.
Irin kuje man salli bo'o ha lartol SARS.
Therefore, a combination of disease history, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and radiological findings is essential and imperative for making an effective diagnosis.
Nden kadi, hawtal tariya nyau, mandolji ha cuudi lekki, lartolji ha suudu lartol, be ko radio tawi lati kanduɗum e jaawal ngam ngaɗugo lartol je boɗɗe.
On February 14, 2020, the Feng Zhang group described a protocol of using the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK technique to detect SARS-CoV-2, which detects synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments at 20 × 10-18 mol/L to 200 × 10-18 mol/L (10-100 copies per microliter of input) using a dipstick in less than an hour without requiring elaborate instrumentation.
Ha 14 Fevriye 2020, geeɓe Feng Zhang sappini laahal CRISPR do hoosi sappinol do dabare SHERLOCK ngam fammaugo SARS-CoV-2, je ɗon famma synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA ha 20 x 10-18 mol/L ha 200 x 10-18 mol/L (fotoji 10 ha 100 nder mikoliter) be legal toɓɓugo ha nder reeta njamdi bila dabare kuje feere.
Hopefully, the new technique can dramatically enhance the sensitivity and convenience if verified in clinical samples.
Min tammi yo'o, dabare je keese ndu footi ɓesda sa'a lartol be goongaku to tawama ha nder lekkuji suudu lekki.
Due to the lack of experience with the novel CoV, physicians can mainly provide supportive care to COVID-19 patients, while attempting a variety of therapies that have been used or proposed before for the treatment of other CoVs such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and other viral diseases (Table ​(Table2).2).
Ngam yimɓe wooway be CoV keese, lekkitoɓe footi ha aranol yaɓorde sukla do nyauɓe COVID-19, ndego be foondugo dabareji hurgol je be huwidi be man mala je hookkama hidekko hurgol CoV ji bana SARS-CoV be MERS-CoV be nyauji viriis feere (Tabaal (Tabaal 2).2).
These therapies include current and potential treatments with antiviral drugs, immunosuppressants, steroids, plasma from recovered patients, Chinese medicine, and psychological support.
Hurgolji ndu larni je jonta mala je footi yotta be lekki je mbarata gilɗiji ndu, lekki je sembintinatta ɓaandu, steroidji, iyam ha nyauɓe je ɗon hurgi, lekki Cayna, be wallende gal jam woore.
Even plasma from recovered patients was proposed to be used for treatment.
Ko neebam iyam ha nyauɓe je foondotto ngam hurgol.
Pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop antibodies and vaccines against the virus.
Cuuɗi maungel sippugo lekki ɗon haɓda ngam wanginugo tooɓeji be baatalji je mbaratta viriis.
SARS-CoV-2 mainly attacks the lungs in the beginning and probably also attacks, to a lesser degree, other organs that express ACE2, such as the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys.
SARS-CoV-2 don raɓɓa burna fuffu ha fuɗɗam man e naanga, amma wala nyaɗugo, kujeji ɓaandu feere je ɗon sappina ACE2, bana reedu be tettekki be ɓooye.
Nevertheless, respiratory dysfunction and failure are the major threat to the patients and the major cause of death.
Amma be man fu, larula besadirma nder pofɗe ɓurna fu ɗon yarna bone ha nyauɓe e kanjum lati aranol ɗaaɗol wade.
Thus, respiratory support is critical to relieve the symptoms and save lives and includes general oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, and invasive mechanical ventilation depending on the severity of the disease.
Nden kadi, wallende fuffugo lati boɗngol nam ustugo mandolji nyau e hisna yonkiji be hurgol gal mballol be hendu, hendu duudum, hendu je haɗatta fuffugo, be hendu je ordoji ɗon fuffa ndu ko larni sadirma nyau ndu.
Patients with severe respiratory symptoms have to be supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a modified cardiopulmonary bypass technique used for the treatment of life-threatening cardiac or respiratory failure.
Nyauɓe be mandolji larulaji be pofɗe sey keɓɓa wallende gal sallinugo hendu ha ɓaali (ECMO), dabare ummitinugo ɓernde be fuffu je ko wawi hurgugo je ɗon larni ɓernde be saɗirma nder pofɗe be maajum.
In addition, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, the prevention and treatment of secondary infection and septic shock, and the protection of the functions of the vital organs are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Ha ɓesdugo, joggugo dabare elektolyte, aynol be hurgol nyau je seera-seera be huudure nder ɓaandu, be fadol kujeji ɓaandu je ɗon kanduɗum lati boɗɗe ha nyauɓe SARS-CoV-2.
It has been known that a cytokine storm results from an overreaction of the immune system in SARS and MERS patients.
Yimɓe fammi yo'o dulure cytokine ummikki gal turtol fadooɓe ɓaandu ha nyauɓe SARS be MERS.
Cytokine storm is a form of systemic inflammatory response featured by the release of a series of cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
Dulure cytokine lati bana turtol ɓaandu bana jabbuye je ɗon salla gal yoffol cytokineji bana TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, and MCP-1.
These cytokines induce immune cells to release a vast number of free radicals which are the major cause of ARDS and multiple organ failure.
Cytokineji ndu ɗon ngada yo'o tooɓeji ndu yoffa ɗaadi feere-feere je ɗon ummina ɓurna nyau ARDS be nyau kujeji ɓaali feere.
Immunosuppression is essential in the treatment of cytokine storms, especially in severe patients.
Immunosupression lati kanduɗum ha nder hurgol dulure cytokine, ɓurna ha nyauɓe je do nyawi masitin.
Corticosteroids and tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody, have been used to treat cytokine storm.
Corticosteroidji be tocilizumab, anti-IL6 feere je ɗon marin fadoowo ɓaandu be klon gooto, naffi no nder hurgol cytokine.
Other immunosuppression treatments for cytokine storm include the modulation of T cell-directed immune response; the blockade of IFN-γ, IL-1, and TNF; JAK inhibition; blinatumomab; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4; and HDAC inhibitors.
Hurgolji immunosupression feere je cytokinedon larnijabbuye fadoowo cell-T; blockade IFN-γ, IL-1, be TNF; yoffol JAK; blinatumomab; willowo cytokine signaling 4; be tuttoɓe HDAC.
Steroids, as immunosuppressants, were widely used in the treatment of SARS to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Steroidji, bana wulloɓe fadooɓe, ɗon no naffa jur nder hurgol SARS ngam ustugo yajjugo huuduji.
However, steroids at high dosages were not beneficial to severe lung injury in SARS and COVID-19 patients.
Amma, steroidji to moodi masin naffata no nyauɓe je ɗon mari huudure fuffu ha nyauɓe SARS be COVID-19.
Instead, they may cause severe side effects, especially avascular osteonecrosis, dramatically affecting the prognosis.
Sna bo'o, footi be ɗon hokka nawolji feere, ɓurna nyollugo iyaal, je ɗon memma lartol nyau ngu.
Nevertheless, short courses of corticosteroids at low-to-moderate doses have been recommended to be used prudently for critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Be man fu, ekkitolji pamarron do corticosteroidji seeɗa mala deydey lati feelama e sey hoosa ɗum be hakkika ngam hurgol nyauɓe COVID-19 je ɗon yara bone masin.
At the time of writing, no effective antiviral therapy has been confirmed.
Ha wakkati bindol ndu, wala hurgol je mbaratta viriis ndu be fakatre je tawama towon.
However, intravenous administration with remdesivir, a nucleotide analog, has been found to be efficacious in an American patient with COVID-19.
Amma, tuffugo remdesivir ha nder lawol iyam, bana nucleotide, tawamma bana naffitirki ha nder ɓaandu nyauɓe je ɗon mari COVID-19
Remdesivir is a novel antiviral drug developed by Gilead initially for the treatment of diseases caused by Ebola and Marlburg viruses.
Remdesivir lati lekki keese je mbaratta viriis je Gilead wurtini je woni no tawon je hurgol nyauji viriis Ebola be Marlburg.
Later, remdesivir also demonstrated possible inhibition of other single stranded RNA viruses including MERS and SARS viruses.
Ha ɓawo man, remdesivir sappini bo'o yoffol RNA viriisji feere je larni bo'o viriisji MERS be SARS.
Based on these, Gilead has provided the compound to China to conduct a pair of trials on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, and the results are highly anticipated.
To en joddi do ndu, Gilead hokki lekki man ha Cayna ngam foondugo do nyau je ɗon mari SARS-CoV-2, e wangi yo'o ɗon naffa masitin.
In addition, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin have been suggested as potential therapies for patients with acute respiratory symptoms.
Fahi bo'o, baricitinb, interferon-α, lopinavir/ritonavir, be ribavirin footi naffa nder hurgol nyauɓe je ɗon mari larulaji be fuffugo be mbi.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, and other adverse reactions can occur following combined therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir.
Caarol, bana on tuttan, huudure hengre, be larulaji feere-feere footi tokkita hurgol be lopinavir/ritonavir.
The interaction of these treatments with other drugs used in the patients should be monitored carefully.
Hawtirde hurgolji ndu be lekki feere ha nyauɓe sey wona aynama be hakkika.
Plasma from recovered patients and antibody generation
Neebam iyam ha nyauɓe je nyambitti be umminol fadoowo ɓaandu
The collection of the blood from patients who recovered from a contagious disease to treat other patients suffering from the same disease or to protect healthy individuals from catching the disease has a long history.
Iyam je ɓe hooosi ha nyauɓe je nyambitti ha ɓawo nyau je raɓɓatta nyimɓe ngam hurgugo nyauɓe je ɗon mari irin nyau man mala fadugo yimɓe je ɗon jam ngam tatoo be naanga nyau ndu ɗon mari tariya juttungel.
Indeed, recovered patients often have a relatively high level of antibodies against the pathogen in their blood.
Kadi, nyauɓe je nyambitti burna ɗon mari limtol fadooɓe ɓaandu deydey do gilɗiji ha nder iyam maɓɓe.
Antibodies are an immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by B lymphocytes to fight pathogens and other foreign objects and they recognize unique molecules in the pathogens and neutralize them directly.
Fadooɓe ɓaandu lati immunoglobulin (Ig) je lymphocyteji ɗon yoffa ngam haɓɓugo be giɗdi be kujeji yaasi je nasti ha nder ɓaandu e ɓe ɗon aandi toobeji je woni ha nder gilɗi ngu e natina be laugel.
Based on this, plasma was collected from the blood of a group of patients who recovered from COVID-19 and was injected into 10 seriously ill patients.
To en joɗɗi do ndu, neebam iyam wurti nder iyam geeɓe nyauɓe je nyamɓitti COVI-19 e ɓe tuffiniɓe ha nyauɓe je ɗon nyawi masitin 10.
Their symptoms improved within 24 hours, accompanied by reduced inflammation and viral loads and improved oxygen saturation in the blood.
Mandolji maɓɓe wadi damma ha nder njamdi 24, nawne lessi be limgal viriisji usti e hendu bo'o ɓesdi ha nder iyam.
However, verification and clarification are necessary to propose the method for large-scale use before specific therapies are not yet developed.
Amma, lartol be laɓɓinol ɗon naffa ngam hollugo dabare je footi naffa yimɓe fu hidekko hurgolji je kanduɗum wanga.
In addition, given the therapeutic effects, some disadvantages associated with the plasma should be considered carefully.
Ha ɓesdugo, bana naffudaji nder hurgol, wodi kujeji feere je hannay je yahidatta be neebam iyam sey larta be hakkika.
For example, antibodies can overstimulate the immune response and cause cytokine release syndrome, which is potentially a life-threatening toxicity.
Bana sappinol, fadooɓe ɓaandu footi turtina jabbuye do ko fadata min e yoffa ko mbiyottoo cytokine, je footi nawna yonki neɗɗo.
The concentration of antibodies in the blood is usually low, and the demand for the plasma is large to treat critically ill patients.
Hawtirde fadooɓe ɓaandu ha nder iyam burna ɗon lessi, e emmol ngam neebam iyam ɓuri ngam hurgugo nyauɓe je ɗon nyawi masin.
It is difficult to develop and produce specific antibodies rapidly enough to fight against a global epidemic.
Lati caɗɗum tusnugo e ɓesdugo fadooɓe ɓaandu laugel je footi haaɓa be nyau man fu.
Thus, it is more critical and practical to isolate B cells from recovered patients and identify the genetic codes encoding effective antibodies or screen for effective antibodies against essential proteins of the virus.
Nden kadi, lati caɗɗum e kugal masitin ngam wurtinugo cellji B ha nyauɓe je nyambitti e manda lamba ɗaaɗol maɓɓe je ɗon yahida be fadooɓe baandu mala lartol fadobe ɓaandu do proteinji viriis je kanduɗum.
This way, we can readily scale up the production of the antibodies.
Bana ni, footi en ɓesda limgal fadooɓe ɓaandu timmi.
TCM has been used to treat a variety of diseases in China for thousands of years.
TCM lati no bana lekki hurgugo nyauji feere-feere ha Cayna diga duɓɓi ujineji.
However, its effects largely rely on a combination of multiple components in a formula that varies depending on the diagnosis of a disease based on the theories of TCM.
Amma, naffuda man ɗon joɗɗi do hawtirde kujeji jur ha nder lekki je ɗon saanja be lartol nyau je ɓe tawi do ekkitolji TCM.
Most of the effective components remain unknown or are vague as it is difficult to extract and verify such components or their optimal combinations.
Ko ɓuri naffuda ha cakka kujeji man bo'o fammatakke mala wala aandugo be fakatre ngam lati caadungel wurtinugo e lartugo kujeji mala hawtirde maɓɓe.
Currently, due to the lack of effective and specific therapy for COVID-19, TCM has become one of the major alternative treatments for patients with light to moderate symptoms or for those who have recovered from severe stages.
Jonta ndu, ngam hurgol COVID-19 je feerejo e gonga, TCM lati gooto ha cakka dabareji hurgol nyauɓe be mandolji nyau seeɗa ha deydey mala je be'en je nyamɓitti ha nyau je ɓuri no nyaɗugo.
For example, Shu Feng Jie Du capsules and Lian Hua Qing Wen capsules were found to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.
Bana sappinol, Shu Feng Jie Du be Lian Hua Qing Wen tawi lekki je footi hurga COVID-19 boɗɗum.
Top cure rates in the treatment of COVID-19 patients were observed in several provinces in China that used TCM in 87% of their patients, including Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), and Hunan (50%), whereas Hubei province, which used TCM in only approximately 30% of its COVID-19 patients, had the lowest cure rate (13%).
Limtol hurgol je aranol nyauɓe COVID-19 tawama ha nder lamordeji Cayna duɗɗum je hokki TCM ha 87% nyauɓe maɓɓe, be Gansu (63.7%), Ningxia (50%), be Hunan (50%), nden bo'o lamorde Hubei, je ndokki TCM tan ha 30% nyauɓe COVID-19 maɓɓe, keɓɓi limtol hurgol je ɓuri lessugo (13%).
However, this is quite a rough comparison as many other impact factors such as the number and severity of the patients should be included in the evaluation.
Ama, lati bana feeretirol caaɗum ngam woodi ujaji feere bana limgal be hakkilugo do nyauɓe sey wonda nder lartol ndu.
On February 18, 2020, Boli Zhang and coworkers published a study to compare western medicine (WM) treatment alone with combined treatment of WM and TCM.
Ha 18 Feviriye 2020, Boli Zhang be huwoɓe mako wurtini ekkitol feere ngam foondugo hurgol be lekki yimɓe hirnaange (WM) feere maajum be hurgol je ɗon hawti WM be TCM.
They found that the times needed for body temperature recovery, symptom disappearance, and hospitalization were remarkably shorter in the WM+TCM group than in the WM only group.
Be tawi yo'o wakati je ɓaandu mari haaje ngam lessugo wulol maɗa, maajol mandol nyau, be wurtugo suudu lekki juttay sam ha geeɓe WM+TWM do je geeɓe WM feere maajum.
Most impressively, the rate for symptomatic worsening (from light to severe) was remarkably lower for the WM+TCM group than for the WM only group (7.4% versus 46.2%) and the mortality was lower in the WM+TCM group than WM only group (8.8% versus 39%).
Je ɓuri tullugo bo'o, limtol mandolji je ɗon yaha ɓawo bo'o (diga deydey ha nyaɗi) lessi fahin ngam geeɓe WM+TCM do je geeɓe WM tan (7.4% do 46.2%) e limgal wade lessi ha geeɓe WM+TCM do geeɓe WM tan (8.8% do 39%).
Nevertheless, the efficacy and safety of TCM still await more well-controlled trials at larger scales and in more centers.
Be man fu, naffuda e jam TCM ɗon ndeena foondolji je ɗon ayni boɗɗum ha jonta ha wakkere je maungel e ha nder ɗowirdeji feere.
It would also be intriguing to characterize the mechanism of actions and clarify the effective components of TCM treatments or their combinations if possible.
Wonan bo'o caɗɗungel ngam sappinugo limtol kuɗe e laɓɓina kujeji hurgugo TCM be gonga mala kawtirde maɓɓe to footi.
Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 mostly experience great fear of the highly contagious and even fatal disease, and quarantined people also experience boredom, loneliness, and anger.
Nyauɓe je bana ɗon mari mala je ɗon aandin timmi be COVID-19 ɓurna ɗon mari hullol nyau je ɗon halli e je ɗon mbarda masitin, e ɓe'en je ɗon mabbi bo'o ɗon matta nummol wondugo feere maɓɓe, wala ko ɓe waɗata, be haffol.
Furthermore, symptoms of the infection such as fever, hypoxia, and cough as well as adverse effects of the treatments such as insomnia caused by corticosteroids can lead to more anxiety and mental distress.
Fahin bo'o, mandolji nyau bana wullugo ɓaandu, famɗugo pofɗe, be sondaru be kujeji feere je lekki hurgol ɗon ngada bana wala ɗanugo gal corticosteroidji footi yarna ha nummol be tampere haakilo.
In the early phase of the SARS outbreak, a range of psychiatric morbidities including persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, psychomotor excitement, psychotic symptoms, delirium, and even suicidality were reported.
Ha fuɗɗam nyau SARS, limtol ɓe'en je ɗon mari saɗirma be tampere tumtum, nummol, hullol, duwinol ngaandi, mandolji je memmata haakilo, wolwulgo feere mum, be mbartol fu wangi no.
Mandatory contact tracing and quarantine, as a part of the public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak, can make people more anxious and guilty about the effects of the contagion, quarantine, and stigma on their families and friends.
Lartugo ko a memmi be wondugo ha seera, bana jabbuyeji ha nyau COVID-19, footi hokka nummolji e hullol ha yimɓe ngam raɓɓol, wondugo seere, be ko yimɓe wolwan do caalaje maɓɓe be sobiraɓɓe maɓɓe.
Thus, mental health care should be provided to COVID-19 patients, suspected individuals, and people in contact with them as well as the general public who are in need.
Bana ni, jam haakilo sey ndokama ha nyauɓe COVID-19, ɓe'en je footi mara, be yimɓe je ɗon ngondi be maɓɓe be ummatore fu je ɗon nder haaje.
The psychological support should include the establishment of multidisciplinary mental health teams, clear communications with regular and accurate updates about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and treatment plans and the use of professional electronic devices and applications to avoid close contact with each other.
Wallende gal jam woore sey larna bo'o taskinugo geeɓe jaangirdeji feere-feere hawti ngam suklugo do jam woore, ngewte je boɗɗum be lartolji matinolji wonde do nyau SARS-CoV-2 be nyau e jaahargalji hurgol e kugal be ordooji e applikasionji je aanduɓe ngam haɗɗugo wondugo ha baabal gooto oya be oya.
Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses.
Baatalji gonga lati kanduɗum ngam darnugo raɓɓol diga daabaji be yimɓe je don mari nyau man ha ɓe'en je footi jogga ndu nder ɓaandu maɓɓe e ɗon yahida ɓurna fu be hurgol nyau viriis ha nder aynol nyau je viriisji ngartiri.
Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vaccines to generate long-term and potent neutralizing antibodies and/or protective immunity against SARS-CoV.
Dabareji wadama ngam wurtinugo baatal je joddi do protein S ngam tusnugo fadooɓe ɓaandu ngam natinugo e/mala fadugo ngam SARS-CoV.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been evaluated in animal models for SARS.
Baatalji je don walla yimbe foondama ha SARS je daabaji.
However, the in vivo efficacy of these vaccine candidates in elderly individuals and lethal-challenge models and their protection against zoonotic virus infection have yet to be determined before a clinical study is initiated.
Amma, naffuda in vivo baatalji je foondu ha ndotti'en e sappinol do mayde be fadol do nyau je nyau viriis je wangi gal daaba sey fammtirottp tawon hidekko jaangirde ha suudu teffol lekki wurta.
This is probably because SARS died down 17 years ago and no new case has been reported since.
Ndu ngam SARS majjiti wadi duɓɓi 17 e wala nyau man feere je wangi fahinta diga nden.
In contrast, sporadic cases and clusters of MERS continue to occur in the Middle East and spread to other regions owing to the persistence of zoonotic sources in endemic areas.
Amma, woodi nyauɓe ha wakkere feere ndego-ndego be sammere MERS ɗon tokkitta wangugo ha Cakkare Funaange e ɗon yajja ha nder wakereji feere je wurti gal daabaji ha gurreji je ɗon mari nyau man.
Vaccination strategies have been developed for MERS by using inactivated virus, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, nanoparticles, virus-like particles and recombinant protein subunits and some have been evaluated in animal models.
Dabareji baatal wurti ngam MERS gal huwidugo be viriis je footay nawna goɗɗo, plasmidji DNA, ko je ɗon ngaɗa viirisji, coolaaje pamarron, viriis bana coolaage be geeɓeji protein je footi hawta be feere larnama ha nder daaba'en.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for non-immune individuals is an urgent and critical task for controlling the ongoing epidemic.
Wurtol baatal be naffuda be kanduɗum ngam SARS-CoV do yimɓe je wala fadooɓe ɓaandu lati kugal jaawal e hakkika ngam aynugo yahde nyau ndu.
However, it is challenging to overcome the difficulty because of the long period of time (averaged 18 months) needed for vaccine development and the dynamic variations of CoVs.
Amma, lati cattudum ngam willugo saɗirma ndu ngam ɗon emma wakati jur (deydey leebi 18) hidekko baatal e saanjol Cov ji je tumtum.
As a novel disease, COVID-19 has just started to manifest its full clinical course throughout thousands of patients.
Bana nyau keese, COVID-19 fuɗɗi sappinugo mandolji mako fu ha kunde nyauɓe ujineji.
In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae.
Ha ɓurna fu, nyauɓe footi nyambitta seeɗa be seeda bila accugo ɓataare.
However, similar to SARS and MERS, COVID-19 is also associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cases.
Amma, kalkal be SARS mers, COVID-19 ɗon yahida be limtol e limgal mayde ha nyauɓe je nyau maɓɓe ɗon nyaɗi masin.
Therefore, building a prognosis model for the disease is essential for health-care agencies to prioritize their services, especially in resource-constrained areas.
Nden kadi, wurtinugo sappinol lartol nyau lati kanduɗum ha geeɓeji je suklata do jam ɓaandu ngam aynugo do kuɗe maɓɓe, ɓurna fu ha wakereji je ɗon tardi.
Based on clinical studies reported thus far, the following factors may affect or be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients (Table ​(Table33):
Ha ekkitolji feere-feere je be ngaɗi ha jonta, ko ɗon limti ndu footi memma mala yahida be lartol nyauɓe COVID-19 (Tabaal (Taabal33):
Age: Age was the most important factor for the prognosis of SARS, which is also true for COVID-19.
Duɓɓi: Duɓɓi lati kuje je ɗon kanduɗum ha lartol SARS, je lati goonga bo'o ha COVID-19.
COVID-19 mainly happened at the age of 30-65 with 47.7% of those patients being over 50 in a study of 8,866 cases as described above.
COVID-19 ɓurna don salla ha cakka duɓɓi 30 ha 65 be 47.7% hakkunde nyauɓe je ɓuri duɓɓi 50 ha nder ekkitol nyaube 8 866 bana ɗon limti ha dow.
Patients who required intensive care were more likely to have underlying comorbidities and complications and were significantly older than those who did not (at the median age of 66 versus 51), suggesting age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
Nyauɓe je ɗon mari haaje ɓe sukla do maɓɓe jur ɓurna fu ɗon sappina mandolji e saɗirmaji je ɗon footitora e ɗon no mari duɓɓi buri feere'en je maray (ha cakka duɓɓi 66 be 51), sappinugo duɓɓi bana ɗaaɗol lartol ha nyauɓe COVID-19.
Sex: SARS-CoV-2 has infected more men than women (0.31/100,000 versus 0.27/100,000), as described above.
Baadal: SARS-CoV raɓɓi ɓurna worɓe do rewɓe (0.31/100 000 do 0.27/100 000), bana ɗon limti ha dow.
Comorbidities and complications: Patients with COVID-19 who require intensive care are more likely to suffer from acute cardiac injury and arrhythmia.
Limgal mayde be saɗirmaji: Nyauɓe be COVID-19 je mari haaje ɓe sukla do maɓɓe masitin ɓurna don yara bone ngam huudure ɓernde be jiɓɓol dimbol ɓernde.
Cardiac events were also the main reason for death in SARS patients.
Kujeji ɓernde lati bo'o aranol uja mayde ha nyauɓe SARS.
It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind to ACE2-positive cholangiocytes, which might lead to liver dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
Be mbi'i yo'o SARS-CoV-2 footi bo'o hawta bo'o be cholangiocyteji positive ACE2 je footi sarga kugal hengre ha nyauɓe COVID-19.
It is worth noting that age and underlying disease are strongly correlated and might interfere with each other.
Wodi fammugo bo'o duɓɓi be nyau je tokkitatta ɗon yahida e footi sarga oya be oya.
Abnormal laboratory findings: The C-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood reflects the severity of inflammation or tissue injury and has been proposed to be a potential prognostic factor for disease, response to therapy, and ultimate recovery.
Jabbuji teffol je yahay be lawol: wakere C-reactive protein (CRP) ha nder iyam ɗon sappina nyaɗugo huudure mala huudure laaral e footi wonna uja lartol nyau, jabbuye ha hurgol, ragare hurgol.
The correlation of CRP level to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 has also been proposed.
Yahde wakere CRP be nyaɗugo e lartol COVID-19 lati sappinama.
In addition, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatine kinase (CK) may also help predict the outcome.
Ɓesdugo bo'o, lactate dehydrogenase je ɗon jur (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), be creatine kinase (CK) footi mballa bo'o nder fammugo ko footi wara.
These enzymes are expressed extensively in multiple organs, especially in the heart and liver, and are released during tissue damage.
Neebamji ndu ɗon matinama ha nder kujeji ɓaandu jur, ɓurna ha nder ɓernde be hengre, e wurtan to bana laaral man seeki.
Thus, they are traditional markers for heart or liver dysfunctions.
Nden kadi, be lati bana mandolji je sappinatta ɓernde mala hengre huwatta boɗɗum.
Major clinical symptoms: Chest radiography and temporal progression of clinical symptoms should be considered together with the other issues for the prediction of outcomes and complications of COVID-19.
Mandolji nyau je ɓurna: radio je ɓernde be yahde mandolji nyau sey larta ɗum be kujeji feere ngam lartol sappinolji be saɗirmaji COVID-19.
Use of steroids: As described above, steroids are immunosuppressant commonly used as an adjunctive therapy for infectious diseases to reduce the severity of inflammatory damage.
Huwugo be steroidji: Bana ɗon limti ha dow, steroiji lati willowo fadoowo ɓaandu je ɓe ɗon hoosa ɓurna fu bana ɓesdare hurgol ha nyauji nyaɗungel ngam ustugo nyaɗugo huduje.
Since a high dosage of corticosteroids was widely used in severe SARS patients, many survivors suffered from avascular osteonecrosis with life-long disability and poor life quality.
Nde ɓe ɗon no matta lekki korticoidji ha hurgol nyaube SARS ɓurna fu, nyauɓe je nyambitti jur yari bone ngam nyollugo iyal be saɗirma je tokkitata ha timminorde yonki ma be ɓaandu je saatay sam.
Thus, if needed, steroids should be used at low dosage and for a short time in COVID-19 patients.
Nden kadi, to wodi haaje man, steroidji sey hoosa ndu be hakkika e nder wakati seeɗa tan ha nyauɓe COVID-19.
Mental stress: As described above, during the COVID-19 outbreak many patients have suffered from extraordinary stress as they often endured long periods of quarantine and extreme uncertainty and witnessed the death of close family members and fellow patients.
Tampere ngaandi: bana ɗon limti ha dow, ha ngurtol COVID-19, nyauɓe ɗuɗɗum yari bone ngam tampere je wala bana man ngam ɓe ɗon no wondi feere maɓɓe nder suudu e bo'o ɓe aanda no to be hisaan mala mayan e ɓe ɗon no lara noy yimɓe saare maɓɓe ɗon maya.
It is imperative to provide psychological counseling and long-term support to help these patients recover from the stress and return to normal life.
Lati dole ngam heɓɓinugo ɓe feelowo jam woore e wallende ha nder wakati dey ngam wallugo nyauɓe ndu nyamɓitta e heɓta hoore maɓɓe bana nane.
According to demographic studies so far, COVID-19 seems to have different epidemiological features from SARS.
Bana ekkitol ummatore sappini ndu, COVID-19 lati bana wodi feeretirolji ha kunde mako be SARS.
In addition to replicating in the lower respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract and causes mild or no symptoms in the early phase of infection, similar to other CoVs that cause common colds.
Ha ɓesdugo tusnugo ha lawol pofɓe je les, SARS-CoV-2 footi tusna be boɗɗum ha nder lawol pofɗe je do e footi waɗa nyauɗo mara mandolji seeɗa mala deydey ha fuɗɗam nyau ndu bana CoV ji feere je ndokatta ndamba.
Therefore, infected patients at the early phase or incubation period can produce a large amount of virus during daily activities, causing great difficulty for the control of the epidemic.
Amma, nyauɓe je ɗon mari nyau ha wakati fuɗɗam mala tusnol footi mara viriisji duɗɗum be naange, ko ɗon saaɗɗina aynol nyau ndu.
However, the transmission of SARS-CoV was considered to occur when the patients are severely ill, while most transmission did not happen at the early phase.
Amma, raɓɓugo SARS-CoV lati bana sallan ha nyauɓe don nyawi masin, nden bo'o burna rabbol sallay ha fuddam yahde man.
Thus, the current outbreak of COVID-19 is much more severe and difficult to control than the outbreak of SARS.
Nden kadi, nyau COVID-19 je jonta ɓuri nyaɗugo e saɗɗugo nder aynugo do nyau SARS.
Great efforts are currently underway in China including the lockdown of Wuhan and surrounding cities and continuous quarantine of almost the entire population in hopes of interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Dabareji ɗuɗɗum ɗon do lawol ha Cayna be haɗɗol wurtugo ha Wuhan be berniji je ɗon tarda ndu e tokkitol haɗɗugo ummatore wurtugo saare ɗon darna tammunde raɓɓugo SARS-CoV-2.
Although these actions have been dramatically damaging the economy and other sectors of the country, the number of new patients is declining, indicating the slowdown of the epidemic.
Ko to kuɗe ndu don no sakla sigorde be lumo yimɓe be geeɓe kugal lesɗe feere-feere, limgal nyauɓe keese jippotto, ndu do holla yo'o nyau man ɗon do lawol timmugo.
The most optimistic estimate is that the outbreak will end by March and the downswing phase will last for 3-4 months.
Ɓe'en je ɗon tammi be fakatre nummi yo'o nyau man timman gal ragare lewru Maars e jippol yahde neyban nder leebi 3 ha 4.
However, some other experts are not that optimistic.
Be man fu, aandooɓe feere tammay sam ma.
Paul Hunter, et al., estimated that COVID-19, which seems substantially more infectious than SARS, will not end in 2020.
Paul Hunter, et al. tammi yo'o COVID-19, je lati bana ɓuri nyaɗugo ha fuɗɗam do SARS, footay timma ha 2020.
Ira Longini, et al., established a model to predict the outcome of the epidemic and suggested that SARS-CoV-2 could infect two-thirds of the global population.
Ira Longini, et al., ngurtini sappinol je hollata lartol nyau e wi'i yo'o SARS-CoV-2 footi raɓɓa ɗiɗi do tati ha kunde ummatore duniyaru fu.
A Canadian group reported that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in both mid-turbinate and throat swabs of patients who recovered and left the hospital 2 weeks earlier, which indicates that the newly identified virus could become a cyclical episode similar to influenza.
Geeɓe yimɓe Kanada feere holli yo'o SARS-CoV-2 tawama ɗiɗi fu ha do leekuji je be hoosi ha cakkare kine be je daande nyauɓe je nyamɓitti e je wurti suudu lekki asaweji 2 hidekko, ko ɗon sappina yo'o viriis keese je be tawi ndu latan bana ɗon tara ha baabal gooto bana ndamba.
However, promising signs have occurred in China based on the declining number of new cases, indicating the current strategies might have been working.
Amma, mandolji je ɗon hokka tammunde wangi ha Cayna do jippol limgal nyauɓe keese, ko don sappina yo'o dabareji jonta footi naffa.
Ebola was originally predicted to cause up to a million cases with half a million deaths.
Yimɓe wi'i Ebola raɓɓan yimɓe milionre e mbardan reeta milionre.
However, via strict quarantine and isolation, the disease has eventually been put under control.
Amma, gal wondugo ha seera e feere mum, nyau ndu lati bana footi yimɓe ayni ndu bo'o.
It is possible, similar to SARS-CoV, that SARS-CoV-2 might become weaker in infectivity and eventually die down or become a less pathogenic virus co-existent with humans.
Footi wona, bana SARS-CoV, yo'o sembe SARS-CoV-2 usta nder rabbugo e footi bo'o majjitta mala viriis man lata waɗatta ko sam ha neɗɗo.
A comparison of the epidemic of COVID-19 with that of SARS and MERS is provided below (Fig. ​(Fig.55).
Foondol Nyau COVID-19 be je SARS be MERS ɗon sappini ha les ndu (Foto (Foto55).
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmittable through coughing or sneezing, and possibly also through direct contact with materials contaminated by the virus.
SARS-CoV-2 footi raɓɓa gal sondaru mala ɗislol, e footi bo'o gal memmugo kujeji je viriis man raɓɓi timmi.
The virus was also found in feces, which raises a new possibility of feces-to-mouth transmission.
Viriis tawama bo'o ha nder buuwe, je ɗon holla yo'o footi salla gal buuwe ha hunduko bo'o.
A recent study on 138 cases reported that 41% of the cases were possibly caused by nosocomial infections, including 17 patients with other prior diseases and 40 health-care providers.
Ekkitol keese do nyauɓe 138 holli yo'o 41% nyauɓe footi nyawi gal nyau je nasti gal kine, be nyauɓe 17 be nyauji feere je ɓon no nder ɓaandu timmi e nyimɓe je suklata do jam ɓaandu 40.
Thus, great precaution should be used to protect humans, especially health-care providers, social workers, family members, colleagues, and even bystanders in contact with patients or infected people.
Nden kadi, sey huwa be hakkika ngam fadugo neɗɗo, ɓurna ɓe'en je suklata do jam ɓaandu, huwoɓe ummatore, jeeyaɓe saare, soobiraɓe, be ɓe'en je ɗon wondi be nyauɓe mala yimɓe je ɗon mari gilɗi man.
The first line of defense that could be used to lower the risk of infection is through wearing face masks; both the use of surgical masks and N95 respirator masks (series # 1860s) helps control the spread of viruses.
Aranol dabare je footi naffa ngam ustugo raɓɓol nyau ndu sallan gal ɓornugo leepol sudugo yeeso; ɓorna leepol seekugo yimɓe be N95 je fuffugo (lamba 1860s) wallan yajjinugo viriisji.
Surgical face masks prevent liquid droplets from a potentially infected individual from traveling through the air or sticking onto surfaces of materials, where they could be passed on to others.
Leepolji sudugo yeeso ɗon haɗɗa tude temma je goɗɗo je ɗon mari nyau man e je ɗon sala gal hendu mala toɓɓa do kujeji, footi sallina ha yimɓe feere.
However, only N95 (series # 1860s) masks can protect against the inhalation of virions as small as 10 to 80 nm, with only 5% of the virions being able to penetrate completely; SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV in size and both are approximately 85 nm.
Amma, sna leepolji suuɗugo yeeso N95 (lamba # 1860s) footi fada ngam yarugo viriisji pamarron je nm 10 ha 80, be 5% viriisji pamarron je footi nasta fu; SARS-CoV-2 ɗon nandi SARS-CoV be juttugo e ɗiɗi fu waɗan nm 85.
Since particles can penetrate even five surgical masks stacked together, health-care providers in direct contact with patients must wear N95 (series # 1860s) masks but not surgical masks.
Bana coolaaje footi nasta ha nder leepolji suudugo gite seekkoɓe ko to hawti nde joowey, sukloɓe do jam ɓaandu je ɗon ngondi be nyauɓe sey ɓorna leepolji N95 (lamba # 1860s) ama na leepol suudugo yeeso seekoɓe.
In addition to masks, health-care providers should wear fitted isolation gowns in order to further reduce contact with viruses.
Ha ɓesdugo do leepolji suudugo yeeso, sukloɓe do jam ɓaandu sey ɓorna limse fadol je ɗon yahida ngam ustugo rondugo viriisji
Viruses can also infect an individual through the eyes.
Viriisji man footi boo'o raɓɓa goɗɗo gal gite.
On January 22, 2020, a doctor was infected with SARS-CoV-2 although he wore an N95 mask; the virus might have entered his body through his inflammatory eyes.
Ha 22 Zaanviye 2020, wodi lekkitajo feere raɓɓi nyau SARS-CoV-2 ko to o ɗon no ɓorni leepol suudugo yeeso N95; footi viriis man nasti ha nder ɓaandu mako gal gite mako je ɗon no mari huudure.
Thus, health-care providers should also wear transparent face shields or goggles while working with patients.
Nden, sukloɓe do jam ɓaandu sey ɓorna bo'o darugal je sudata yeeso be darugal manga ha wakati je ɓe ɓon sukla do nyauɓe.