atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
Levels of xenophobia have also risen in East Asia, with some restaurants and other businesses in Japan and China refusing service to foreign customers.
Atekthok acï dït ë ya pan ye cɔl Asia. Aye kɔc ke pan peei pɛ̈n xöc në matamic ku jal ya thukic ebën.
In China, there have been incidents of foreigners being refused rooms by hotel staff, and foreign residents, particularly black people, being kicked out of their apartments on short notice by their landlords.
Pan ye cɔl Chaina ace kɔc ya pɛ̈n bï xöt ke tɔc ya juur në mïth ke pan peei. Acë ke ye ca xöc në ka cam ke ë ya.
Sources for further information on the coronavirus outbreak include:
Ɣän kɔ̈k yenë ke thön ë dhoŋ bec de coronavirus anɔŋic yïk:
The US government Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Kɔc ke gël de tuany pan de kawaja Ɣän ke Gël ku tïtë nyin e Tuany në akuma de US.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (daily updates)
Kɔc ke gël de tuany pan ya cɔl Europe.
United Kingdom government, - Foreign and Commonwealth Office advice for Travellers
Kɔc ke gël de tuany pan ye cɔl Britania acï thɔn në biäk de tuany.
An online map and dashboard from the John Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering with live updates
Jamia de raan ye cɔl John Hopki acï cabaka benë wël ke ye tuany ya yök loi.
Partial lists of entry restrictions from IATA and The New York Times
Pan ye cɔl New York acï IATA ku Löŋ ke gël de rɔth täu.
A variety of misinformation and conspiracy theories about the virus are being promoted online and even by some government officials, so be careful which sources you check for information.
Käk kïc ke deetic apiɛth në biäk de ye tuanyë aaye ke luel webthaid nyin agut bäny akuma juëc, tit rot apath alɔŋ të ye yïn wɛ̈l yɔ̈k thïn.
Ensure that all information and advice you receive has been backed by reputable doctors and scientists.
Akɔɔr ba ya piŋ aye wɛ̈t cï dïktor luel acan yenë ka nyic ka juëc ke ye tuanyë.
In a crisis, it's natural to want to keep following the latest updates, but it may be better for your mental health to moderate the amount of news that you look at, and stick to reliable news sources.
Acï rac bï raan ya piŋ në käk yenë luel në biäk de ye tuanyë ku ka cï piɛth ba ya piŋ në wël ce yith wën në bïke yïn riääc abac.
If you normally watch the news twice per day then stick to this schedule and do something else, rather than having the 24-hour news on continuously.
Na ye daai në wël yam në vido yïn na thɛɛr ke 24 ke ka apiɛth ba ya loi wuyi ku du ber ya piŋ në wël kɔ̈k wën cë yith.
b'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines.
Wël ye dek në 2(ACE2) emɛ̈në ë rɔt lɔ täu në piɔ̈u kɔ̈u ku guyɔɔk kɔth ku në ciïn kɔth ëya.
ACE2 counters the activity of the related angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1-7) making it a promising drug target for treating cardiovascular diseases.ACE2 also serves as the entry point into cells for some coronaviruses.
ACE2 e kä loi de angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) thiäk kekë ye bë angiotensin-II ya dhuɔ̈k piny ku juɛk Ang(1-7) bë loi kë ye wäl lëu bï lui në yïlanyde tuënytuɛny ë puöu. ACE2 e rɔt loi kë ye yen e dhöl ye coronavirus kɔ̈k luɛ̈ŋ në rälic.
The human version of the enzyme is often referred to as hACE2.
Wël rɔk ke raan aye cɔl hACE2.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a zinc containing metalloenzyme located on the surface of endothelial and other cells.
Angiotensin ë enzyme 2 wel dhiŋ nɔŋic metalloenzyme cï täu në dɛ̈l kɔ̈u ku räl kɔ̈k.
ACE2 protein contains an N-terminal peptidase M2 domain and a C-terminal collectrin renal amino acid transporter domain.
ACE2 protin anɔŋic N-terminal peptidase de akuutë M2 ku C-terminal collectrin e akuutë rälke amino acid caath.
ACE2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein, with its enzymatically active domain exposed on the surface of cells in lungs and other tissues.
ACE2 e ya töŋ ë nuɔu I de räpräp yök ke tɔ̈u në protin, ku kë lui guöp ic acï nyuɔth yɔ̈ɔ̈kyɔ̈ɔ̈k nhïïm ku jɔla räl thii ke guöp kɔ̈k.
The extracellular domain of ACE2 is cleaved from the transmembrane domain by another enzyme known as sheddase, and the resulting soluble protein is released into the blood stream and ultimately excreted into urine.
Käk rɔ̈t looi ACE2 aɣer e rot looi alɔŋ dɛ̈l käk guöp ye cɔl sheddase, ku protin lui guöp ic e rot päl riɛm ic ku aye bɛ̈n bei lɛc iic.
ACE2 is present in most organs: ACE2 is attached to the cell membrane of mainly lung type II alveolar cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells in most organs.
ACE2 kënë aye yök në guɔp de raanic: ACE2 aye yök në biäk de gɔiyɔ̈ɔ̈k ye cɔl type II, ku jal ya cïïn kor kɔ̈th, rɛ̈ɛ̈l dït ku rɛ̈ɛ̈l kor ku jal ya rɛ̈ɛ̈l wën yeke yök në guɔpic.
ACE2 mRNA expression is also found in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and brainstem.
ACE2 mRNA aye yök ëya në biäk de nyith de raanic.
The primary function of ACE2 is to act as a counter balance to ACE.
Ë kënë ACE2 anɔŋ nhom luɔi dït në guɔp de raanictë nɔŋ ACE.
ACE cleaves angiotensin I hormone into the vasoconstricting angiotensin II.
ACE e angiotensin I hormone ɣaric bë ya këde angiotensin II ë nhiɛcë räl.
ACE2 in turn cleaves the carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine from angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and hydrolyses it into the vasodilator angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 eë kë ye cɔl aa carboxyl-terminal amino acid phenylalanine tenɔŋ angiotensin ll (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) ku hydrolyses ayevwen keye angiotensin (1-7), (H-Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-OH).
ACE2 can also cleave a number of other peptides including [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin, dynorphin A, and ghrelin.
ACE2 ë ka juëc loi në guɔp de raanic cï mɛn [des-Arg9]-bradykinin, apelin, neurotensin,dynorphin A ku Ghrelin.
ACE2 also regulates the membrane trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19 and has been implicated in Hartnup's disease.
ACE2 ëya anɔŋ ke ye caath në guɔp de raanic. Ë käk ë pïïr de guɔ̈p caath SLC6A19.
As a transmembrane protein, ACE2 serves as the main entry point into cells for some coronaviruses, including HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV (the virus that causes SARS); and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).
Ë kënë yenëke ye ACE2 tuanyë rɔt liɛny në raan guɔp ci mɛn de käm ye HCoV-NL63; SARS-CoV(käm wën në SARS bɛn);ku SARS-CoV-2 wën në COVID-19 bɛn.
More specifically, the binding of the spike S1 protein of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 to the enzymatic domain of ACE2 on the surface of cells results in endocytosis and translocation of both the virus and the enzyme into endosomes located within cells.
Kë dït de, ken de rɔt ekë ye cɔl S1 de SARS-CoV ku SARS- CoV2 tenɔŋ ACE2 në ɣan ke guɔp ee cäth de kɔ̈m bɛɛi në guɔpic.
This entry process also requires priming of the S protein by the host serine protease TMPRSS2, the inhibition of which is under current investigation as a potential therapeutic.This has led some to hypothesize that decreasing the levels of ACE2, in cells, might help in fighting the infection.
Lɔ thïn de eya akɔɔr käk ke yïïk nhial de guɔp cï mɛn de S në TMPRSS2, kɔ̈ɔ̈c de aŋot ke kɔɔr riic. Ekenë acï kɔ̈k ca jam wu dhuk de nyin piny de ACE2 në guɔpic alë bï tuany gël.
However, multiple professional societies and regulatory bodies have recommended continuing standard ACE inhibitor and ARB therapy.
Acï akutnhïm juëc kɔc cë piöc ku jɔla akuutë tïtë nyin ya luel bï kë ye ACE dɔm ku luɔi de piathde ARB muɔ̈k thïn.
A systematic review and meta-analysis published on July 11, 2012, found that "use of ACE inhibitors was associated with a significant 34% reduction in risk of pneumonia compared with controls."
Acï akutnhom dɛ̈t de dïktor luel në pɛɛi nïn 11 2012,wu ka ce kɔc juëc ye ACE lui bike 34% ce miin piɔth.
Moreover, "the risk of pneumonia was also reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitors who were at higher risk of pneumonia, in particular those with stroke and heart failure.
Kɔc kɔ̈k wën lë bï tuany cït mɛn de yitiabat ë kɔc ruɔk piɔu e cï dhuɔ̈k piny tënë ayanïïn cï ke alacu në ACE aye ke tök në wal de kɔc nɔŋ tuany de piɔu.
Use of ACE inhibitors was also associated with a reduction in pneumonia related mortality, although the results were less robust than for overall risk of pneumonia."
Na cï raan tök në ACE de tuaany de piɔu ke ka cï ber tuany aretic në tuany ë mien piɔth
Recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) is surmised to be a novel therapy for acute lung injury, and appeared to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and oxygen saturation in piglets with a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Raan cï tuany aretic aye tök në wɛl yam ACE2 (rhACE2) cï loi ku jal ya aliir në tau në raan wum ago wëëi apiɛth. Ekenë ë raan kony ago cë thou.
The half-life of rhACE2 in human beings is about 10 hours and the onset of action is 30 minutes in addition to the course of effect (duration) of 24 hours.
Wɛl ye cɔl rhACE2 ë tɔu në raan guɔ̈p në thɛɛr ke 10 ku ke luɔi gɔl në raan guɔ̈p në digikat ke 30 në tök wën ë thɛɛr ke 24 jɔt ku bï jal lui.
Several findings suggest that rhACE2 may be a promising drug for those with intolerance to classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS inhibitors) or in diseases where circulating angiotensin II is elevated.Infused rhACE2 has been evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Acï luel ekë gaak wu rhACE2 alë bï ya wal piɛth tenɔŋ kɔc tiam ke ye cɔl renin-angiotensin (RAS) wenë tuɛnytuɛny ekë ye cɔl angiotensin ll ca juak rɔt. Wël ye cɔl rhACE2 e rɔt dhit të tökë raan ce wëi apiɛth në guyɔ̈ɔ̈k ic.
b'Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1), also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a strain of Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus).
b'Bat SARS cï mɛn de kɔ̈m de Korona WIV1 (Aliik SL-CoV-WIV1), ëye cɔl SARS-thöŋ kekë coronavirus WIV1 ëyɛ, anɔŋ tuany dɛt cï rɔt caal ke (SARSr-CoV)rɔt ke yen. Tuanyë ayök në läi gup läi cït mɛn da agok, ku alïïk ku ajɔŋkör(kïn).
Like all coronaviruses, virions consist of single-stranded positive-sense RNA enclosed within an envelope.
Cë mënë coronaviruses kedhiɛ, bairäth anɔŋ abil-töŋ nɔŋic-tuany RNA tɔ̈ në biɔŋdeic.
The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV.
Aye dïktor juëc luel wu tuanyë aa yök SARS-CoV kë tɔ̈ në alïïk guɔ̈p. Acë dïktor juëc gam ke yic
Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.
Aye akuma de chainïth wu ɣokde SARS e jäl në alïïk guɔ̈p ku lër në raan guɔ̈p.
b'COVID-19 apps are mobile software applications designed to aid contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic, i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in contact with an infected individual.
Anɔŋ kɔc cï telepun loi bï kɔc kuɔny në gël de ya tuanyë COVID-19. Telepun cï loi kenë, e koth tecin rɔt cuɔt tenɔŋ raan tuany de 2019-20 korona.
Numerous applications were developed or proposed, with official government support in some territories and jurisdictions.
Anɔŋ ka juëc cïke loi cï mɛn de telepun wën tɔu ke ye raan tuany nyuɔth. Acë akumat juëc ke gam ke kaakë
Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have been developed.
Dhɔ̈l juëc ke gël de ye tuanyë acë yök cï mɛn de telepun bï raan tuany ya nyuɔth.
Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Acï kɔc kɔ̈k luel wu telepun cï loi kenë akɔɔr bï loi acan bë të tɔu ë raan ya nyuɔɔth.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Akɔɔrkɔc kɔ̈k bï loi aa telepun wën bï raan ya nyuɔth të dɛn rëër ɣen thïn.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating systems.
Në Akɔ̈nydït e nïn 10, 2020, acë kɔc ke cabaka luel wu bï kɔc kuɔny në loi de ye telepunë ku jɔla iOS.
In China, the Chinese government, in conjunction with Alipay, has deployed an app that allows citizens to check if they have been in contact with people that have COVID-19.
Akuma de chainïth ku Alipay acï telepun loi bï raan rɔt ya tïŋ mɛn cï rëër ke raan tuany në COVID-19 ke cï nyic.
It is in use across more than 200 Chinese cities.In Singapore, an app called TraceTogether is being used.
Atɔ̈ kë ye loi në bɛ̈i ka 200 ke chaina. Lɔŋde Thiŋapor, yenë këde tëlëpun ye cɔl BuɔthAtök aye loi.
The app was developed by local IT community, released as open source and will be handed over to the government.North Macedonia launched "StopKorona!", a Bluetooth-based app to trace exposure with potentially infected persons and provide a fast response to healthcare authorities.
Eë telepun kenë aloi në kɔc tɔ̈u në bɛi yic ke IT, lony ke ɣɔr ku ka bï yën Akuma. North Macedonia acï "Kääcëkorona" loi, ee bulututh benë raan cï tuany ya kɔɔr ku në kɔc ke panakïm.
The app was developed by the Ministry of Communication and Technology and Ministry of Health.
Telepun kenë aloi kɔc ke akuma de pan ye cɔl chaina.
As of 14 April 2020, the app was awaiting approval by the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
Në pɛi nïn 14 Bildït 2020, ke ci loi kenë akuɔɔr bï jal lony në kɔc ke cabaka.
On 12 April, the government stated that the contact tracing app was in an advanced stage of development, and would be available for deployment within weeks.A similar app is planned in Ireland, and in France ("StopCovid").
Në Akɔ̈nydït e nïn 12, akuma ë jam wu kë cï loi kenë abï kɔc juëc cuɔp në wiik be bën. Akuma de Ireland ku France abï ke cït kenë loi ëya ("KääcëKorona").
Both Australia and New Zealand are considering apps based on Singapore's TraceTogether app and BlueTrace protocol.Russia intends to introduce a geofencing app for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 living in Moscow, designed to ensure they do not leave home.
Australia ku New Zealand aawïc bïk löŋ ë këde tëlëpun cɔl BuɔthAtök ku Bɔ̈thëBlututh de Thiŋapor. Russia acë ŋuun bë këde tëlëpun cɔl geofencing loi tënë ayanïïn cï yök ëke tuany në COVID-19 ciɛ̈ŋ Moscow, ë juïr agokï cuökë jääl bai.
Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University, listed a number of potential practical problems with app-based systems, including false positives and the potential lack of effectiveness if takeup of the app is limited to only a small fraction of the population.
Dïktor ye cɔl Ross Anderson e jam wu kë cï loi kenë anɔŋ kɔk cï luoi apiɛth. Kɔk alë bïke raan cï tuany nyuɔth ke tuany, ku ala ic käk cï ke yɔ̈k ke cï lui ku kuöc luɔi ku të cï app e lui ajɔtwɛ̈l ic gäm akut thiin kor yen cï gam.
Addressing concerns about the spread of misleading or harmful "coronavirus" apps, Apple set limits on which types of organizations could add coronavirus-related apps to its App Store, limiting them to only "official" or otherwise reputable organizations.
Në biak de cabaka cï yic ë luel në kë de "koronavirus", ke ye cɔl Apple acï löŋ tau të de manadhama bï lui kenë yen në kak thëëny rɔt coronavirus, acï manadhamat dhiɛkic gam.
Google and Amazon have implemented similar restrictions.
Kɔc ke cabaka abï ë lɔŋ tääu ëya.
Privacy campaigners voiced their concern regarding the implications of mass surveillance using coronavirus apps, in particular about whether surveillance infrastructure created to deal with the coronavirus pandemic will be dismantled once the threat has passed.
Kɔc kɔk aye jam wu ke cï loië abï riɔk të lë tuany jal, akutnhom kenë cï loi në biak de korona abï riɔk të lë ye tuanyë jal.
Amnesty International and over 100 other organizations issued a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.
Akuthniim ke pial de guɔp cï mɛn de Amnety international ku manadhamat aye jam wu ke cï 100 loië acï bï loi të lë tuany jal.
The organisations declared eight conditions on governmental projects:
Manadhamat acï akuma lɔ̈ŋ ke bɛ̈t lɛk Akuma bïke kuany cök.
surveillance would have to be "lawful, necessary and proportionate";
Ajuir de tïït de nyin akɔɔr bï tääu në lɔ̈ŋic.
extensions of monitoring and surveillance would have to have sunset clauses;
Akutnhom de tïït de nyin abï loide cuɔt ago tuany lëu në gël.
the use of data would have to be limited to COVID-19 purposes;
Akɔɔr bï cabaka loi ke ye kede gël dë tuany ye cɔl COVID-19.
data security and anonymity would have to be protected and shown to be protected based on evidence;
Cabaka akɔɔr benë nyin tïit apiɛth ku loi ke ye kë benë wël ke ye tuany ya luel thïn.
digital surveillance would have to avoid exacerbating discrimination and marginalisation;
Ajuir de tïït de nyin acï kɔɔr bï tuanyë ya cuai në ye thok.
any sharing of data with third parties would have to be defined in law;
Raan bï cabaka kenë rɔm kenë raandiɛ abï dɔm ku tɛuë̈ ɣɔn de döm.
there would have to be safeguards against abuse and the rights of citizens to respond to abuses;
Ku ka apiɛth bï menh ke baai nɔŋ yic dɛn në yekenë yic.
meaningful participation by all "relevant stakeholders" would be required, including that of public health experts and marginalised groups.The German Chaos Computer Club (CCC) and Reporters Without Borders (Reporter ohne Grenzen) (RSF) also issued checklists.
Tuanyë kɔɔr bï raan ebën ye cin tau thïn ago rɔt gël apiɛth. Anɔŋ akuthnom kɔk cï jam në yekenë yic. Akut de Germany ye cɔl (CCC) ku (RSF) acï jam thïn eya.
The proposed Google/Apple plan intends to address the problem of persistent surveillance by removing the tracing mechanism from their device operating systems once it is no longer needed.
Google/Apple aaye kä them ku bïk kë jɔ̈ɔ̈r cɔ̈k piny të nyai kek käk kɔc buɔth cɔ̈k wɛ̈thken iic të cï yen ben wïc.
Some countries used network-based location tracking instead of apps, eliminating both the need to download an app and the ability to avoid tracking.
Bɛ̈i kɔ̈k aa kuënyë cök ë të tɔ̈ raan loi në cabaka pɛth në nyin e kë ye cɔl app cï loië, nyɛi kë ye cɔl app ë cï luië däonlot jɔla lëu bïnë kuënyë cök puöl, ku ka cï dolat kɔk gam.
In Israel, network-based tracking was approved.
Cabaka cï loië acï gam pan ye cɔl yïthïrɛɛl.
Network-based solutions that have access to raw location data have significant potential privacy problems.
Käk kɔc kony alɔŋ network lac yök kek käk bai nyuɔth aa naŋ kë jɔ̈ɔ̈r alɔŋ rɛ̈ɛ̈rden rɔ̈t.
However, not all systems with central servers need to have access to personal location data; a number of privacy-preserving systems have been created that use central servers only for intercommunication (see section below).
Acë cabaka cï loi ebën yen ye të tɔu raan thïn nyuɔth. Cabaka dɛt acï loi ke ye kede jam dit ce reek.
In South Korea, a non-app-based system was used to perform contact tracing.
Pan ye cɔl South Korea,akën ë cabaka cï loië gam ke ye yic.
Instead of using a dedicated app, the system gathered tracking information from a variety of sources including mobile device tracking data and card transaction data, and combined these to generate notices via text messages to potentially-infected individuals.
Badäl bï ya kë cɔl app cï luɔ̈i në tëlëpunic, kë cï cak e wël kuöt iic ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n juëc ic agut kä ye ajɔtwël yɔ̈k ku kärät ye wël kuöt iic, ku käkä aaye määtic ku bï ke kɔc cï luaŋ ŋic.
In addition to using this information to alert potential contacts, the government has also made the location information publicly available, something permitted because of far-reaching changes to information privacy laws after the MERS outbreak in that country.
Në biak de thiëpiny de wël wën ke ye tuany, ke akuma acï wël kɔk gɛr ku tɛu në ɣan ebën agut cï piom thï kedhiɛ̈, kɔ̈k acï ke piɔl ɣɔn cenë MERS lɔ bïɛ ë dola yic.
This information is available to the public via a number of apps and websites.Countries including Germany considered using both centralized and privacy-preserving systems.
Ë wël ke acï ke tau në cabaka yic ago kɔc juëc ke ya yök. Pan ye cɔl ̈̈̈Germany acï wël ke ca cuup kɔc juëc ken në dhɔl ke cabaka ebën.
As of 6 April 2020, the details had not yet been released.
Acï ke bɛr luel ke pɛɛi ye nïn 6 Bildït 2020,në biak de ye cabaka kenë a kenë bɛn nyaai.
Privacy-preserving contact tracing is a well-established concept, with a substantial body of research literature dating back to at least 2013.As of 7 April 2020, over a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions, such as using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.
Luɔi de cabaka kenë acï rɔt dac jɔk në run de 2013. Mënë ye Akɔ̈nydït nïn 7, 2020, kɔc juëc aretic akë tɔu në ye luɔi kenë yic ëke loi Blututh de Riɛl tɔ̈ Piiny (BRP). Ayekë kɔɔr bïke cabaka wenë kɔc juëc reet ë door tök.
However, PEPP-PT is a co-ordination effort which contains both centralised and decentralised approaches, and is not a single protocol.Decentralised protocols include Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP-PPT/DP-3T), Temporary Contact Numbers (TCN, fka Contact Event Numbers, CEN), Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (PACT) and others.
Kë yeen, PEPP-PT ajuɛr cï juir nɔŋic dhöl kerou cï ke ruknhïïm ku kä cï tɛkpiny, ku acie löŋ tök. Löŋ cï tɛkpiny anɔŋiic Decentralized Privacy-preserving Proximity de Bɔ̈ɔ̈thë cök (DP-PPT/DP-3B), Nïmïra cë Gäu ke Cɔ̈t (NGC, fka Nïmïra ë Cɔ̈t ke Luɔi, NCL), Lööŋ Lacäp ke Thian ku Kuɛr ke Bɔ̈ɔ̈thë cök de Nïmïra de Tëlëpun (LLTKBNT) ku kɔ̈k.
In these protocols, identifiable personal data never leaves the device, and all matching happens on-device.
Ekenë acï juir në dhɔ̈l cenë wɛ̈l ke raan dɛŋ etïŋ në raan dɛŋ.
The Privacy Group at MIT Media Lab has been developing SafePaths, a platform for using privacy-preserving techniques when collecting and using location or path intersection data to track the spread of COVID-19.
Akutnhom ye cɔl MIT media Lab e juir DhölPiɛth, e të yenë takatït ke tɔ̈uë kɔ̈u-thian na kuutë ɣän ke rɛ̈ɛ̈r ku jɔla thönthii arämkuɛr agorë lathiëi bec de COVID-19 ya buɔɔt cök.
It is based on research from the whitepaper "Apps Gone Rogue: Maintaining Personal Privacy in an Epidemic" released in March 2020.Another similar effort is the SafeTrace platform by Enigma MPC, a company developing privacy technologies that was also originally founded at the MIT Media Lab.
Acï täu në tɔ kɔ̈u tënë warɛŋɣer "Apps Cïnë Rogue: e Thian ë Raan Muk Cök në Tuanyic" ë pɛ̈lë bec në Kol ic 2020. Dɛ̈t thöŋ kek e tëdë BɔɔthPiɛth ë loi Enigma MPC, ëye manädhama loi tëknɔlojïïth ke thian ë kɔŋ MIT Media Lab kan loi.
SafeTrace utilizes secure hardware technologies to allow users to share sensitive location and health data with other users and officials, without compromising the privacy of that data.
Anɔŋ ke cï loi yenë të tɔ̈u ë raan thïn nyuɔth ye cɔl DhölPiɛth ku ka yenë wël ke pial de guɔp rɔm kenë kɔc kɔ̈k, ke cïn kë nyuɔɔth rɔt të dɛ̈t.
On 5 April 2020, the global TCN Coalition was founded by groups that had coalesced around what was essentially the same approach and largely overlapping protocols, with the goal to reduce fragmentation, and enable global interoperability of tracing and alerting apps, a key aspect of achieving widespread adoption.
Në pɛi nïn 5 Bildït 2020,kɔc kɔk ke ̈TCN acï nyuc piny ke loi ke cabaka binë wël ke ye tuanyë ya luel thïn. Ekenë aye kɔc juëc kɔɔr bikë yök agokë wël ke ye tuanyë dac yök.
On 9 April 2020, the Singaporean government announced that it had open-sourced the BlueTrace protocol used by its official government app.
Në Akɔ̈nydït e nïn 9, 2020, pan ye cɔl Singa pore,acï cabaka de BɔɔthëBlututh loi benë kɔc ka akuma wël ya ciɛtic.
On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple, the companies that control the Android and iOS mobile platforms, announced an initiative for contact tracing, which they claimed would preserve privacy, based on a combination of Bluetooth Low Energy technology and privacy-preserving cryptography.
Në Akɔ̈nydït e nïn 10, 2020, kɔc ke cabaka ku manadhamat acï ajuir de telepun ku iOS loi. Telepun akɔɔr bï loi ke yenë jam në wël ke ye tuanyë.
They also published specifications of the core technologies used in the system.
Kek aacï käk ye teknologia lui göt wɛ̈ɛ̈thken iic.
According to Apple and Google, the system is intended to be rolled out in three stages:
Në biak de kɔc ke cabaka,ke ajuirë abï loi biɛ në dhɔl de diäk.
rollout of tools to enable governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracing apps
Abï akuma kuɔny acan bï wël ya luel biɛ në thäär kor.
integration of this functionality directly into iOS and AndroidGoogle and Apple plan to address the take-up and persistent surveillance problems by first distributing the system through operating system updates, and later removing it in the same way once the threat has passed.
Ekenë abï tau në iOS ku AndroidGoogle ku jal ya Apple acan bï thaai piny, ku ka bï nyaai në dhööl ɣɔn loië yen të lë tuany jal.
b'COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop a preventative vaccine or therapeutic prescription drug that would alleviate the severity of 2019-20 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Loi de wal de ye tuanyye cɔl COVID-19 yeneka luɔi ë pinynhom thïn. Wal abï thil loi në wiik be ben tueŋ ago tuany de 2019-20 korona tök (COVID-19).
The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the WHO recorded 536 clinical studies to develop post-infection therapies for COVID-19 infections, with numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections under clinical research to be repurposed.
Akutnhom cɔl WHO de ajuir de ye tuanyë acï raan 536 them acan bï wal loi. Ekenë abï thil loi. Kɔc akɔɔr bikë ya tök ëya të cike pial në COVID-19.
In March, the WHO initiated the "SOLIDARITY Trial" in 10 countries, enrolling thousands of people infected with COVID-19 to assess treatment effects of four existing antiviral compounds with the most promise of efficacy.
Në Köl ic, APMP ecë "Athëmë KƆ̈C ATÖK" jɔɔk tënë bi ke 10 luɔi ë wal them në dolat ke 10 yic.Aken ye wal ke ŋuan ke ka ke them ke binë ke ̈COVID-19 tök.
A dynamic, systematic review was established in April 2020 to track the progress of registered clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic drug candidates.Vaccine and drug development is a multistep process, typically requiring more than five years to assure safety and efficacy of the new compound.
Kɔc ake cï nyuc piny ku them ke bikë wal de ye tuanyë loi në Bildït 2020 go ke göök. Wal de ye tuany ye cɔl COVID-19 abï thïl loi në run ke ŋuan wenë run ke dhïc.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new infectious disease vaccine or therapeutic drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
Loide wal de ye tuanyë abï run juëc jɔt. Yen ë loi de ye wëlë wenë ka tɔu ë dïktor ke pinynhom thïn.
It includes laboratory research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the FDA, for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug.
Ekenë anɔŋë bï FDA kaciip loi në kam gup ku läi gup ëya, ku wäl yam abï ɣäth bï them kɔc gup pankïm, ku awïc bï kaŋ thany cök të bï ye ɣäth thuuk thïn ku bï la ɣaac wei.
Development of a COVID-19 vaccine or therapeutic antiviral drug begins with matching a chemical concept to the potential prophylactic mechanism of the future vaccine or antiviral activity in vivo.
Loi de ye wal de COVID-19 akɔɔr benë ka juëc kɔn liap ɣɔ̈n de kacip. Loide ye walë acï gɔl ku ka bï nin juëc jɔt.
New chemical entities (NCEs, also known as new molecular entities or NMEs) are compounds that emerge from the process of drug discovery to specify a vaccine or antiviral candidate.
Anɔŋ ka juëc (NCEs aye cɔl new molecular entitirs wenë NMEs)bikë kɔn liap të loië wɛl de ye tuanyë.
These have promising activity against a biological target related to COVID-19 disease.
Wɛl bï̈ loië abï yic nɔŋ ke bï tuany ye cɔl COVID-19 dac ya nɔk. Kenë abï̈ rɔt loi amääth.
At the beginning of vaccine or drug development, little is known about the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of the NCE in humans.
Wal acï gɔl ë loi ku loi ben ya loi ë guɔpic aŋot ke kenë nyic cï mɛn de loi de në NCE.
It is the function and obligation of drug development to assess all of these parameters prior to human clinical trials to prove safety and efficacy.
Abï ya loi de akutnhom de tuany acan bï loi de wal nyic në raan guɔp. Wal abï kɔn them miak në kɔc kɔk gup.
A further major objective of drug development is to recommend the dose and schedule for the first use in a human clinical trial ("first-in-human" [FIH] or First Human Dose [FHD], previously also known as "first-in-man" [FIM]).
Kë rilic aret ekenë ë bï wal loi ku bï nyic ye dek adik. Acan wal akɔɔr bï tau ke cï dit aretic ku ce ber kuur aretic. Ekenë yenë ka luië kɔc thïn. Abï kan them në raan guɔp ("first-in-human" [FIH] wenë first human dose [FHD,] aaye cɔl "first-in-man"[FIM]).
In addition, drug development must establish the physicochemical properties of the NCE: its chemical makeup, stability, and solubility.
Ëya dɛŋ, ke wal akɔɔr bïnë luɔi de nyic ë gup yic cï mɛn de NCE:Akɔɔr bï nyic ëya ëke bï täu në walic.
Manufacturers must optimize the process they use to make the chemical so they can scale up from a medicinal chemist producing milligrams, to manufacturing on the kilogram and ton scale.
Kɔc ye wɛl guir bec adhil bïk dhɛ̈lkɛn ye kek ke wɛl loi cök apiɛth agokï them në baŋde akïm e wɛlthii ke miligäm loi, agut cë guër bec në kilo ku jɔla medhänia de ton.
They further examine the product for suitability to package as capsules, tablets, aerosol, intramuscular injectable, subcutaneous injectable, or intravenous formulations.
Abï wäl kan ku tiëŋkë të bën piɛth thïn ku bï loi keye kapthul, wäl ye dek, aerosol. Wäl ye tuɔm kök ic, wäl ye tuɔm aŋuem ic, wula wɛl kɔ̈k ye luɔ̈i në guöp ic.
Together, these processes are known in preclinical and clinical development as chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC).Many aspects of drug development focus on satisfying the regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities.
Ka kedhiɛ̈ abikë loi ago wal loi ke bï ye tuany lëu cï mɛn de (CMC). Aŋot wal ke kenë lɔm, ke ka bi kan them në kɔc kɔk gup ku bï tiŋ mɛn bï lui.
These generally constitute tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior to first use in humans.
Ekenë abï yic nak them de wal mɛn loi. Ku bï ke ye riak në gup yic dac tïŋ.
The Canadian government announced CA$275 million in funding for 96 research projects on medical countermeasures against COVID-19, including numerous vaccine candidates at Canadian universities, with plans to establish a "vaccine bank" of new vaccines for implementation if another coronavirus outbreak occurs.
Akuma de pan ye cɔl Canada acï CA$275 million yök bï yɛ̈ɛ̈n akutnhiim ke 96 de juiɛ̈ɛ̈r de COVID-19. wal kony në wëu juëc aretic. Wëu kë abikë yök në baŋic.
Clinical trial programs involve three, multiple-year stages toward product approval, and a fourth, post-approval stage for ongoing safety monitoring of the vaccine or drug therapy:
Thëm de wal në kɔc kɔk gup bikë run jɔt ku jal wal bɛn gɔl në dëk. Kɔc bikë yëk ë welë abikë kan ɣoi ku tiŋ mɛn në ke bï loi në guup ken yic.
Phase I trials, usually in healthy volunteers, determine safety and dosing.
Atëk athëëmathëëm ë I, e colke tɔ tëde pial ë kɔcë rɔt gam abac, e pial nyuɔth ku të yenë wɛl dekthïn.
Phase II trials are used to establish an initial reading of efficacy and further explore safety in small numbers of people having the disease targeted by the NCE.
Atëk athëëmthëëm ë II aaye loi bïnë ke akuën ajöök luɔi cök piny bï kä piɛth ya bëi bei ku be caath thok yen pial në adɛnë kɔc nɔŋ tuany cï ke wɛl kɔc nyïn në NCE.
Phase III trials are large, pivotal trials to determine safety and efficacy in sufficiently large numbers of people with the COVID-19 infection.
Atëk athëëm ë III aathëëmdït tɔ ciɛl ago pial ya nyuɔth ku bï kä piɛth ya bëi bei në adɛndït ë kɔc lëu rɔt cë wuɔk në KOBIT-19
If safety and efficacy are adequately proved, clinical testing may stop at this step and the NCE advances to the new drug application (NDA) stage to begin marketing.
Na ye pial ku bëi bei ë kë piɛth e kë ye tɔ̈ ë cï det, cär akïïm alëu bë köc e cöök käic ku NCE alɔtueŋ kenë dhöl yennë wɛl jöt yeke täu(WJT) ago jöök bë thuuk rot jɔɔk.
Phase IV trials are post-approval trials that may be a condition attached by the FDA, also called post-market surveillance studies.
Atëk athëëmthëëm ë IV aaye ya kä cï ke dac gam ëke lëu bï ke ya thany në kɔc gup në FDA, E cɔl ëyɛ akuën ë cärde thuŋ tueŋ.
In addition to the tests required to move a novel vaccine or antiviral drug into the clinic for the first time, manufacturers must ensure that any long-term or chronic toxicities are well-defined, including effects on systems not previously monitored (fertility, reproduction, immune system, among others).
Në kë juɛkë thïn tënë thëëmthëëm e wïc bïnë ke wal ë tiëtë guöp nyai wälë wal e bairäth gël në panakïmic në gɔ̈cdeic tueŋ, duguɛ̈ɛ̈r e ke guär bec adhil bïk ya täu në kë nhom yen kuatë kë bääric wälë tuany cë lakuak në guöpic aaye ke nyiɛc cätic, anɔŋ yïk kë ye loi në guöpic këcë nyïn dac tïït(luɔide käkë dhiët, dhiëth, käkë guöp titic lɔŋthïn në kökic).
In the United States, this process is called a "new drug application" or NDA.
Në lɔŋ Amërika, ë ajuɛr kënë aaye cɔl "wɛl jöt yeke täu" wäle WJT.
A clinical trial design in progress may be modified as an "adaptive design" if accumulating data in the trial provide early insights about positive or negative efficacy of the treatment.
Athëm akïm cï täu në lɔ tueŋic alëu bï bɛr cökpiny kë "ye kë guɔ löömë lɔ tueŋic" na lɔ kä juakrɔt cë ke wëŋ tënë thëm le kë ë ëye thöŋic ë kɔc piöth në baŋde täde tuany wäle liude në luɔide në piath de yïlac.
The global Solidarity and European Discovery trials of hospitalized people with severe COVID-19 infection apply adaptive design to rapidly alter trial parameters as results from the four experimental therapeutic strategies emerge.
Köc de pinynhom ëbën atök ku akutnhom de Irupïn kɔr thëëmthëëm cök tënë kɔc cï ke tääc panakïm cë wuɔk apɛi në KOBIT-19 bïk kä cï ke nyiëc täu agokï käk athëëm ger cë nëtïja ke ŋuan ɣɔn cëke them në käkë takatit e tuöl.
Adaptive designs within ongoing Phase II-III clinical trials on candidate therapeutics may shorten trial durations and use fewer subjects, possibly expediting decisions for early termination or success, and coordinating design changes for a specific trial across its international locations.
Kä cï ke nyiëc tɔ̈ thïn në lɔtuɛŋ Atëk de II-III de athëëm akïm tënë raan lëu bï ajuɛrde athëëm ë thää de pial kɔu guɔ tɛɛm ku loi käke piööc lik, ku juɛk atɛk lëu bïnë ye dac temkɔu wälë tiäm, ajuɛr kuany cök ë gɛra tënë thëm cï rok në ɣänkɛn ë pinynhom.
Most novel drug candidates (NCEs) fail during drug development, either because they have unacceptable toxicity or because they simply do not prove efficacy on the targeted disease, as shown in Phase II-III clinical trials.
Kɔc juëc e wɛl loi(NCEs) aaye wuïk në dhamɛnë luöi ë wäl, e lɔn cën kek kë cë käŋë dac riöök wälë e wët ce kekë rɔt yöök ëke gamke në luɔiic apiɛth tënë tuany wɛ̈n cï wël kɔc nyïïn, cë më cïnë ye nyuɔth në Atëk de II-III athëëmthëëm akïm.
The high failure rates associated with pharmaceutical development are referred to as an "attrition rate", requiring decisions during the early stages of drug development to "kill" projects early to avoid costly failures.
Adɛndït wuïk apɛi cï thäny thok kekë lɔtueŋde ɣöötë wal aaye ke cɔl "kä cë dhär", wïcë atëk në dhamɛnden ë kurë nyin ë lɔtueŋë luɔi de wal ago ajuɛr dac "nɔ̈k" ago wuïk cë dhoŋ kɔc luɔi kɔc.
One 2010 study assessed both capitalized and out-of-pocket costs for bringing a single new drug to market as about US$1.8 billion and $870 million, respectively.
Akuën töŋë 2010 acë käŋ kerou caathic kä yennë ke wëu juaar ku kä ye ŋɛk wëu bëi bei në jemdeic tënë bɛ̈i de wäl tök në thukic kë ye biliöön 1.8 wënh Amërika ku mïliöön 870 wënh Amerika, në kuënyë köudɛnic
A median cost estimate of 2015-16 trials for development of 10 anti-cancer drugs was $648 million.
Cin cɛlic ë mɛkic de 2015-16 athëëm de lɔtueŋ de wal ke 10 ë kantha e cï yöök kë ye mïliöön 648 wënh Amërika.
In a 2016 review of 106 drug candidates assessed through clinical trials, the total capital expenditure for a manufacturer having a drug approved through successful Phase III trials was $2.6 billion (in 2013 dollars), an amount increasing at an annual rate of 8.5%.
Në 2016 ic dhukë tïŋde wal ë kɔc wɛɛrka 106 e cï caathic në athëëmthëëm akïm, go adɛt de wëu cï gam tënë raan ye wal loi cï gam në baŋde Atëk athëëmthëëm de III e ye 2.6 bilïöön në wëu Amërika(në 2013 ic dollär), në wëu juak rɔt në 8.5% ë ruön
Seven trials were evaluating repurposed drugs already approved to treat malaria, including four studies on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine phosphate.
Athëëmthëëm kedhorou aake laath wal cï ke gam wɛ̈nthɛɛr wïc bï kë yäth bec ic ago juäi ya alacu, nɔŋ yïk akuën ka ŋuan në baŋde kolorkuin ë nyin aapïu wälë kolorkuin ë ubup.
Repurposed antiviral drugs make up most of the Chinese research, with 9 Phase III trials on remdesivir across several countries due to report by the end of April.
Walë bairäth nɔ̈k cï ke bɛ dhukï yïk kë yekï loi aakek nɔŋ amɛtnhom ë yɔɔpë Cainith, kekë Atëk athëëmthëëm ë III ka 9 tënë remdethibir në bɛi kuötic në wëtë guɛl në thök Akɔ̈nydït.
Led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with partners investing US$125 million and coordinating with the World Health Organization, the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator began in March, facilitating drug development researchers to rapidly identify, assess, develop, and scale up potential treatments.
E wɛt Bill ku Melind e ɣöt thok ee jöök kekë kɔc mɛt kekë ye juak milïöön 125 wënh Amërika ë ŋɔr kekë Akutnhom ë Pinynhom Mëtë Pial, kë ye KOBIT-19 cɔkë pialde dɛc dhuk piny jöök në Kol ic, bë luɔide wal juir tënë kɔc ë ye kɔɔr cök cɔkë lɔtueŋ agokï dac deet, caath, juirkï bë lɔtueŋ, ku themkï kɔu bïk yïlany lëu bë piath bëi bei.
The COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition formed to coordinate and expedite results from international clinical trials on the most promising post-infection treatments.
Akutnhom akïm gör yïlany ë KOBIT-19 cï juir agokï ke cin mat në luɔi ku juakkï nëtïja tënɔŋ athëëm akïm de pinynhom në yïlany piɛth lëu bï loi kë raan cë wuɔɔk.
In early 2020, numerous established antiviral compounds for treating other infections were being repurposed or developed in new clinical research efforts to alleviate the illness of COVID-19.
Në gɔ̈cë 2020, wɛlke bairäth kuöt yennë ke tuɛnytuɛny ë wuɔɔk kök alacu cï ke thääpë gɛmbec wälë loi në dhël jöt në kɔrë cökdït akïm ago tuanyde KOBIT-19 jatnyin nhial.
For an already-approved drug (such as hydroxychloroquine for malaria), Phase III-IV trials determine in hundreds to thousands of COVID-19-infected people the possible extended use of an already-approved drug for treating COVID-19 infection.
Tënë wal cï ke dac gam wënthɛɛr(cït yïk kolorkuin ë nyin pïu de juäi), Atëk athëëmthëëm ë III-IV e nyuɔth në buɔɔtic agut cë buɔɔt thiär cë wuɔɔk në KOBIT-19 yen të bïnë wal cï gam wënthɛɛr luɔi thïn në të yennë wuɔkë KOBIT-19 alacu thïn.
As of early April 2020, 103 candidate therapeutics were in preclinical or a stage of Phase I-IV development, with trial results for 29 drug candidates expected during April.
Në jöökde Akɔ̈nydït de 2020, kɔc ke 103 ëke tɔ̈ në ajuɛrë pial cök aake tɔ̈ në kän akïmic wälë kana de lɔtueŋ Atëk ë I-IV, kekë athëëm ë wal 29 de kɔc wɛɛr ŋöthke në kɔc piöth në Akanythii ic.
In March, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the coordinated "Solidarity trial" in 10 countries to rapidly assess in thousands of COVID-19 infected people the potential efficacy of existing antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents not yet evaluated specifically for COVID-19 illness.
Në Kol ic, go Akutnhom ë Pinynhom ë Mɛtë Pial(APMP) e cë "athëëmde köc atök" luɔnybec në bëi ke 10 ic ago kɔc cë wuɔk në KOBIT-19 ke buɔt thiär në kä piɛth tɔ̈ lëu bë wal ë bairäth cɔke tɔ̈ ku jɔla käke lui ë wal dëpe guɔp ŋot ë ke kënë ke guɔ them në wɛtë tuany de KOBIT-19.
Do any of the drugs reduce mortality?
Nɔŋ gɛrë wal lëu bë nïn ë thou dhuɔk piny?
Do any of the drugs reduce the time a patient is hospitalized?
Nɔŋ gɛrë wal lëu bë thää ayaan cïnë ye tääc panakïm dhuɔk piny?
Do the treatments affect the need for people with COVID-19-induced pneumonia to be ventilated or maintained in intensive care?
Ee naŋ yïlaacɛt nɔŋ kë rɛɛc kï në kä wïc kɔc tuany në KOBIT-19-lëu bë tuany alir në piöuic ago naŋ yom e bën wälë tëuë tënë käke tïtë nyin?
Could such drugs be used to minimize the illness of COVID-19 infection in healthcare staff and people at high risk of developing severe illness?Enrolling people with COVID-19 infection is simplified by using data entries, including informed consent, on a WHO website.
Lëu bë ë wɛlkä loi bïnë ke wuɔk ë tuany ë KOBIT-19 kuɔr nyin piny tënë kɔc ë nyïn tït në pialë guöp ku kɔc nɔŋ purtha lëu bï kek yöök kekë tuany rilic? Götë rin piny ë kɔc cë wuɔk në KOBIT-19 aye loi ë piɔlic në luɔi ë käthii kor yeke lɛɛr thin, nɔŋ yïk pälde wɛt cï rok, tënë wɛpthait de APMP
After the trial staff determines the drugs available at the hospital, the WHO website randomizes the hospitalized subject to one of the trial drugs or to the hospital standard of care for treating COVID-19.
Na cï duthëëm nyuɔth kek wɛl tɔ̈ panakïm, kë wɛpthait de APMP ka gɛm käke piööc cï täu panakïm tënë wal töŋë wɛl cï ke them wälë yïlany cï panakïm täu ë yennë nyïn tït në tuany de KOBIT-19.
The trial physician records and submits follow-up information about the subject status and treatment, completing data input via the WHO Solidarity website.
Duthëm akïm e göt piny ku toc thön ë kuënyë cök në baŋ ë täde këdë ku yïlaac, thɛ̈ɛ̈p tëuë käthii kor në lɔŋde APMP wɛpthait de köc atök.
A global safety monitoring board of WHO physicians examine interim results to assist decisions on safety and effectiveness of the trial drugs, and alter the trial design or recommend an effective therapy.
Akut de pinynhom e nyin tït ë pial ë dïktoor de APMP e nëtïja cekic nyuɔth ago kony në atëk lacar ku piathde wɛl cï ke them, ku ger kuer thëmic wälë cëët dhöl piɛth lëu bï tuany dhuk piny.
A similar web-based study to Solidarity, called "Discovery", was initiated in March across seven countries by INSERM (Paris, France).During March, funding for the Solidarity trial reached US$108 million from 203,000 individuals, organizations and governments, with 45 countries involved in financing or trial management.
E kë thöŋ kë kuën thiäk- këkë intërnɛt ago köc atök, ye cɔl "lɔɔr cë rit", e jöök cök në Kol ë bëiic ke dhorou në INSERM(Parïth, Prɛny). Në dhamɛn ë Akänydït, ajuër athëëm ë köc atök aacë ɣet 108 miliön wëu Amërika tënɔŋ 203,000 ë tök ku tök, akuut mët ku akuma kekë bëi ke 45 cë mɛt tënë mënyde wëu wälë athëëmde kɔc muuk.
Numerous candidate drugs under study as "supportive" treatments to relieve discomfort during illness, such as NSAIDs or bronchodilators, are not included in the table below.
Wɛl juëc wɛ̈ɛ̈r tɔ̈ në kuën cök ëke "dukuny" de yïlac ago agänygäny waar në thää dɛ tuany,cït yïk NSAIDs wälë wal e kɔc guup lapälpiny aace ke ë täu thïn në kuɛɛr tɔ̈ ciën kä.
Others in early-stage Phase II trials or numerous treatment candidates in Phase I trials, are also excluded.
Kɔk në kana cë dac jöök de Atëk athëëmthëëm ë II wälë yïlaccɛt kuut wɛ̈ɛ̈r tɔ̈ në Atëk athëëm ë I aaye nyai thïn ëyɛ.
Drug candidates in Phase I-II trials have a low rate of success (under 12%) to pass through all trial phases to gain eventual approval.
Wal wɛ̈ɛ̈r tɔ̈ në Atëk athëëmthëëm ë I-II anɔŋ tiäm kor nyin(12%) ago tëëk në atëm ë thëm kedhiɛ ago yöök kekë gɛ̈m.
Hydroxychloroquine is more commonly available than chloroquine in the United States.
Kolorkuin e nyin pïu yene gäkë tɔ̈ arëtic në kolorkuin ë ubup pinyide Amërika.
Although several countries use chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for treatment of persons hospitalized with COVID-19, as of March 2020 the drug has not been formally approved through clinical trials in the United States.
Ë cɔkaa lɔn ë ye bëi juëc kolorokuin ë ubup wälë kolorkuin e nyin pïu loi kë yë këde yïlany ë kɔc cï ke tääc panakïm kekë KOBIT-19, mënë Kol de 2020 kë wal akëcë guɔ gam bï lui në baŋde athëëmthëëm akïm tënë Amërika.
Chloroquine has been recommended by Chinese, South Korean and Italian health authorities for the treatment of COVID-19, although these agencies and the US CDC noted contraindications for people with heart disease or diabetes.
Kolorkuin acï Cainïth cäät ë pɛth, Thɔ̈th Koriɛn ku pial akuma de Itali në yïlany de KOBIT-19, ë cɔk ë kek ë dutuuc kä ku US CDC aye tïŋ yen të ye kek rɔ̈t luuŋ thïn tënɔŋ kɔc kök nɔŋ tuany në ke piɔ̈th wälë thukäri.
Both drugs have extensive interactions with prescription drugs, affecting the therapeutic dose and disease mitigation.
Kekë wɛlkë kerou aanɔŋ liääpdït kekë wɛl cï ke göt, wɛ̈c kennë wɛl ë dëëk cï gät juëŋde pial ku cɛɛthë yic de tuany.
Some people have allergic reactions to these drugs.On 12 April, a preliminary clinical trial conducted at a hospital in Brazil was stopped when several people given high doses of chloroquine for COVID-19 infection developed irregular heart rates, causing 11 deaths.
Kɔc kök aaye wɔ̈ɔ̈c keke wɛlkä. Ë Akɔ̈nydït e nïn 12, athëëm. akïm ë wɛtë ye nhom ë loi panakïm ë Bradhïl e cï cɔkë käc në kë cï kɔc juëc cï yiëk kolorkuin dït bïk dek në wɛ̈të wuɔɔk ë KOBIT-19 aacë piöth kɛn bënë ya kuen apɛi, ɛn nɛ̈k en raan 11.
Chinese clinical trials in Wuhan and Shenzhen claimed to show that favipiravir was "clearly effective".
Athëëmthëëm de akïm ë Cainïth tɔ̈ wuhan Cendhen e luel bë nyuɔth lɔn cï pabipirabir ë ye tɔ̈ kë "lui alajik".
Of 35 patients in Shenzhen tested negative in a median of 4 days, while the length of illness was 11 days in the 45 patients who did not receive it.
Në ayanïïn ke 35 cï ke them Shanzhen gokï cën kë tɔ̈ në ke guup në nïn cɛlic ke 4, kë bɛ̈rëic ë tuany e nïn 11 tënë ayanïïn ka 45 ëke kën e yöök.
In a study conducted in Wuhan on 240 patients with pneumonia half were given favipiravir and half received umifenovir.
Në cärë cï loi Wuhan tënë ayanïïn ke 240 tënɔŋ tuany alirë piöuic , nhuth e cï yiën pabipirabir ku lööm nhuth në umipenobir.
The term "preclinical research" is defined by laboratory studies in vitro and in vivo, indicating a beginning stage for development of a vaccine, antiviral or monoclonal antibody therapy, such as experiments to determine effective doses and toxicity, before a candidate compound is advanced for safety and efficacy evaluation in humans.
Wɛ̈t "yɔ̈ɔ̈p tueŋdekïm" aye cäät në kuën de këcïp në bitro ku në bibo, ë nyoth ajöök kana de lɔtueŋë wäl ë guɔ̈p gëlic, wäl e bairäth nɔ̈k wälë monoklonal ë guɔ̈p titic apiɛth, cït yïk athëëm ë nyoth ë piath ë dëkë wɛl ku rɛ̈ɛ̈c de ke akutnhom wɛ̈ɛ̈r kënë guɔ lɛr tueŋ bë piath ku athëëm de latueŋ tënë kɔc.
Some antibiotics may be repurposed as COVID-19 treatments:
Antibayotic kök alëu bï ke bɛ dhukë luɔndenic ë kee yïlacɛt ë KOBIT-19.
In March 2020, the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified as a target for post-infection drugs.
Në 2020 Kol ic, muɔ̈k nhom de proteth ë bairäth ë SARS-CoV-2 e cï yöök ke yenne kë wïc tënë wuɔk-thɛɛr.
This enzyme is essential to the host cell to reproduce the ribonucleic acid of the virus.
Yennë noŋ kënë arilic apɛi tënë rälthii ceŋ guɔ̈pic ago ribonukolic athit ë bairäth nyɔkë luɔi.
To find the enzyme, scientists used the genome published by Chinese researchers in January 2020 to isolate the main protease.
Bɛ ë noŋë yöök, kɔc ye pïrë pial kany cök aake loi kën ë cï kɔc ë göör de Cainïthguär bec 2020 në kolic, ago ë muɔ̈k nhom de proteth wëŋ thok.
As a potential combination therapy, they are used together in two Phase III arms of the 2020 global Solidarity project on COVID-19.
Kë ye amɛtnhom lëu bë gɛra de kë piɛth, aye kï loi atök në kök atëk III kerouic de 2020 ë ajuɛrde kɔ̈ɔ̈c atök ë pinynhom tënë KOBIT-19.
A preliminary study in China of combined lopinavir and ritonavir found no effect in people hospitalized for COVID-19.
Në cärë akërnhiaamë Caina de amɛtëic ë lopinabir ku ritonabir acï yöök ë cën kë ye loi në kɔcë KOBIT-19 cï tääc.
b'Drug repositioning (also known as drug repurposing, re-profiling, re-tasking or therapeutic switching) is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed.
Dhukde walë 'b në kanadeic (aye cɔl eyɛ dhukë wal në luɔndeic, dhukë nyiɛndeic, dhukë luɔi wälë wɛlë juërë piath), e dhukë wäl ë cï gam në luɔndeic tënë yïlany de yïlacɛt ë tuɛnytuɛny wääc wälë ɣäla de tuany wär kë ë cïnë ye ŋuönthïn në luɔideic