atepeq/tico19 huggingface dataset:
It cannot be assumed that those with missing information are similar to those with data on either hospitalizations or underlying health conditions.
Acï lɛ̈u bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ lɔn ka kä liu wɛ̈l cï ke göt aa thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ kek wɛ̈l cï ke göt alɔŋ kɔc ci ke tääc wula kɔc la käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r kek alɔŋ pial guop.
Second, these data are subject to bias in outcome ascertainment because of short follow-up time.
Rɔu, aalɛ̈u bï naŋ kë ce yic thïn rin cïn yen biɔ̈th cɔ̈k cï looi.
Some outcomes might be underestimated, and long-term outcomes cannot be assessed in this analysis.
Kä kök cï yɔ̈k aalɛ̈u bï ke dhɔ̈l iic, ku kë bï rot looi aköl ciɛ̈n acï lɛ̈u bï caath athɔ̈rkën ic.
Third, because of the limited availability of testing in many jurisdictions during this period, this analysis is likely biased toward more severe cases, and findings might change as testing becomes more widespread.
Diäk, ku rin cïn ye athem loi rot ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n juëc iic dhaman kën, athɔ̈rkën ace yï luɛl aɣer ebën alɔŋ kɔc juëc cï luaŋ, ku käk cï yɔ̈k abï rɔ̈t dhiɛl waar të le athɛ̈m guop wer piny.
Fourth, because of the descriptive nature of these data, attack rates among persons with and without underlying health conditions could not be compared, and thus the risk difference of severe disease with COVID-19 between these groups could not be estimated.
Ŋuan, ku rin ye athɔ̈rkën wɛ̈t tet ic, të ye tuany kën kam kɔc la gup kë jɔ̈ɔ̈r ku kɔc cïn gup käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r pial guopden ic akïc kek thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ, ku kën wääc rɛ̈c tuany COVID-19 kam akuut kä acïn të cï yen thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic thïn.
Fifth, no conclusions could be drawn about underlying conditions that were not included in the case report form or about different conditions that were reported in a single, umbrella category.
Dhïc, acïn kë cï luel alɔŋ käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r kïc ke mat athɔ̈r ic wula kä kök cï kek luel tök, akut tök ic.
For example, asthma and COPD were included in a chronic lung disease category.
Cïmen, adhiama ku COPD aake cï mat akut tuɛnytuɛny cuɛ̈ny.
Finally, for some underlying health conditions and risk factors, including neurologic disorders, chronic liver disease, being a current smoker, and pregnancy, few severe outcomes were reported; therefore, conclusions cannot be drawn about the risk for severe COVID-19 among persons in these groups.
Thökde, tën kuat kä kök jɔ̈ɔ̈r ku kä ril ic alɔŋ pial guop ic, la ic nhom liäp nyith, tuany cuɛ̈ny, të ye yïn ran math emɛ̈nɛ̈, liɛ̈c, ela kä thii cï kek cal; ku etën, acï lɛ̈u bï guɔ thiök cök alɔŋ COVID-19 kam kɔc tɔ̈u akuut kä iic.
Persons in the United States with underlying health conditions appear to be at higher risk for more severe COVID-19, consistent with findings from other countries.
Kɔc tɔ̈u United States kela gup käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r pial guopden ic aaye tïŋ ke lɛ̈u bï COVID-19 ke dɔm, ku athɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ kek kë cï yɔ̈k gɛth kök iic.
Persons with underlying health conditions who have symptoms of COVID-19, including fever, cough, or shortness of breath, should immediately contact their health care provider.
Kɔc la kä jɔ̈ɔ̈r alɔŋ pial guopden ic ku aala gup kïït tuany COVID-19, ku ala ic juäi/atuöc, ɣɔl, wula të ye wɛ̈i ic riɛl, aa dhil akïmken cɔl nyinic.
These persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19, through washing their hands; cleaning and disinfecting high-touch surfaces; and social distancing, including staying at home, avoiding crowds, gatherings, and travel, and avoiding contact with persons who are ill.
Kɔc aa dhil rɔ̈t tit e tuany COVID-19, të lɔk kek ke cïn; lɔ̈k ku kuth ic ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n wën yeke lac gɔt; mec rot wei, la ic rɛ̈ɛ̈r bai, rɛ̈ɛ̈r wei akut ic, amatnhom, la keny, ku mec rot wei tën kɔc la gup tuany.
Maintaining at least a 30-day supply of medication, a 2-week supply of food and other necessities, and knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms are recommended for those with underlying health conditions.
Gɛm wal tëcït tën nïïn 30, gɛm miɛ̈th wudhbuɔ̈ɔ̈ kä 2 ku kuat kä kök ye wïc, ŋïny kïït tuany COVID-19 aacï kek kuɔny cɔ̈k tën kɔc la kä jɔ̈ɔ̈r alɔŋ pial guopden ic.
All persons should take steps to protect themselves from COVID-19 and to protect others.
Kuat raan ebën a dhil naŋ kë looi bï rot tiit tuany COVID-19 ku tiit kɔc kök aya.
All persons who are ill should stay home, except to get medical care; should not go to work; and should stay away from others.
Kɔc tuany ebën a dhil rɛ̈ɛ̈r baai, ela të le kek panakim; aacï lɛ̈u bï la tën luɔ̈i; ku aalɛ̈u bïk mɛc wei kɔc kök lɔ̈m.
This is especially important for those who work with persons with underlying conditions or who otherwise are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
Kën e muɣem tën kɔc lui kek kɔc la kä jɔ̈ɔ̈r ku käk ril ic alɔŋ pial guopden ic wula kɔc lɛ̈u bï COVID-19 kek guɔ dɔm.
Community mitigation strategies, which aim to slow the spread of COVID-19, are important to protect all persons from COVID-19, especially persons with underlying health conditions and other persons at risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
Dhɔ̈ɔ̈l tiit akut baai rot, dhɔ̈ɔ̈l lɛ̈u bï tek piny COVID-19 cɔl a dhuk piny, aa muɣem ku bï kɔc tiɛt gup wei COVID-19, ku aa kɔc la käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r pial guopden ic ku kɔc lɛ̈u bïk tuany tuɛnytuɛny thiääk thook kek COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/community-mitigation-strategy.pdf).
What is already known about this topic?
Yeŋɔ̈ ke ŋic wën thɛɛr alɔŋ abaŋ jam kën?
Published reports from China and Italy suggest that risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease include underlying health conditions, but data describing underlying health conditions among U.S. COVID-19 patients have not yet been reported.
Käk cï kek göt China ku Italy aacïk luel käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r lɛ̈u bï COVID-19 raan dom aala iic käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r pial guop ic, ku athɔ̈r käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r alɔŋ pial guop kam kɔc tuany COVID-19 pan U.S. akïc lɛ̈k kɔc.
What is added by this report?
Ku yeŋɔ̈ cï mat jamkën ic?
Based on preliminary U.S. data, persons with underlying health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease than persons without these conditions.
Tëcït kë cï yɔ̈k athɔ̈r U.S, kɔc la gup kä jɔ̈ɔ̈r pial guop ci cïmen thukari mellituth, tuɛny cuɛ̈ny, tuany puou, aaye ke tïŋ ke lɛ̈u bi tuɛnytuɛny thiääk thook kek COVID-19 dɔm tën raan cïn käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r ye guop.
What are the implications for public health practice?
Ye käk ŋɔ̈ lɛ̈u bï akut looi alɔŋ pial guop?
Strategies to protect all persons and especially those with underlying health conditions, including social distancing and handwashing, should be implemented by all communities and all persons to help slow the spread of COVID-19.
Dhɔ̈ɔ̈l bï kek kɔc ebën tiɛt gup wei ku tën kɔc kek la käk jɔ̈ɔ̈r alɔŋ pial guop, ku ala ic mec ic wei ku lɔ̈k cin, aalɛ̈u bï akuut kek looi ku kuat raan ebën ku bï COVID-19 gɛ̈l bï rot cï tek piny.
Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Protocol for Extending Surveillance Used by the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre and Public Health England
Kë wïc bï rot lac looi alɔŋ coranavirus (COVID-19): Athɔ̈r cot cɛɛth cï Royal College ken General Practitioners Research ku Surveillance Centre ku Public Health England.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics.
Royal College kën General Practioners (RCGP) ku Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) ku Pblic Health England (PHE) aacï lui kedhie ku bïk juäi ku kuat tuɛnytuɛny caath tëcït tën ruon 50 le tueŋ, ku aala iic tuɛnytuɛny kä diäk puɔc jäl.
With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19.
Ku rin ke wïc pinynhom mɛ̈nɛ̈ jɔk coronavirus rot (COVID-19), acï UK them bï kɔc cï luaŋ COVID-19 ku kɔc ye tïŋ ke bï luaŋ them gup.
At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC’s surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
Ku dhaman töŋ kën ku tɛ̈ŋde thok, cɛɛth RCGP RSC acï cuɔt thok ku bï käm ku të ye COVID-19 rot tɛk akut ic ku tïŋ ye dhɔ̈ɔ̈l pɛth yïnde lɛ̈u bï kek luɔ̈i.
The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy.
Kë wïc athɔ̈rkën e wɛ̈t ku bï COVID-19 caath kɔc ce kïït tïŋ ke gup ku kɔc la tuɛny wɛ̈i ic, ku bï të pɛ̈k tuany COVID-19 thin ku të ye yen rot tɛk piny thïn, ku tïŋ të lui dhɔ̈ɔ̈l yeke tuany gɛ̈l thïn.
The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general practices in England, extract pseudonymized data weekly.
RCGP RSC, akut la ic 500 le tueŋ lui käk ye looi pan England, e athɔ̈r wɛ̈l cï ke caath ku lui kek nyuɔth wudhbuɔ thok ebën.
This extended surveillance comprises of five components: (1) Recording in medical records of anyone suspected to have or who has been exposed to COVID-19.
Cɛɛth cï cuɔt tueŋ kën ala ic käŋ kä dhic: (1) Gɛ̈t piny athɔ̈r panakïm kuat raan ye tak cï yen luaŋ wula ye tak ciɛ̈t bï COVID-19 dɔm.
Computerized medical records suppliers have within a week of request created new codes to support this.
Kɔc kɔc yiɛ̈k käk cï kek göt computer aacï të ye käkä kuɛn thïn yɔ̈k wën cï kek yen lim wudhbuɔ tök ic bï kën kuɔny cɔ̈k.
(2) Extension of current virological surveillance and testing people with influenza-like illness or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)—with the caveat that people suspected to have or who have been exposed to COVID-19 should be referred to the national containment pathway and not seen in primary care.
(2) Cot cɛɛth köm ku athɛ̈m kɔc la gup tuany thääny thok kek juäi wula tuɛnytuɛny wɛ̈i jɔ̈ɔ̈r ic (LRTI) - ku kek tɛ̈ktɛ̈k lɔn ka kɔc ye tïŋ wula kɔc cï COVID-19 aalɛ̈u bï ke tuɔc të ye ke tuany gɛ̈l thïn ku aa kïc ke tïŋ bɛ̈ɛ̈i akïïnm kor.
(3) Serology sample collection across all age groups.
(3) kuat riɛm cï kuot ic alɔŋ akuut run ebën.
This will be an extra blood sample taken from people who are attending their general practice for a scheduled blood test.
Kën abï ya abaŋ athɛ̈m riɛm cï nyai tën kɔc ke cï athëm riɛm bɛ̈n looi.
The 100 general practices currently undertaking annual influenza virology surveillance will be involved in the extended virological and serological surveillance.
Käk 100 lɛ̈u bï kɔc ebën looi tɔ̈u cɛɛth köm e ruön kën aabi mat cot cɛɛth kömm ku yäp wäl.
(4) Collecting convalescent serum samples.
(4) Kuut ic riɛm tën kɔc cï ŋuɛ̈n tuany.
We have the opportunity to escalate the data extraction to twice weekly if needed.
Ok aala kë lɛ̈u bï ok wɛ̈l yɔ̈k arak rɔu wudhbuɔ ic të wïc yen.
Swabs and sera will be analyzed in PHE reference laboratories.
Kë ye kɔc lic ku wäl cɔl sera aabï ke caath PHE ɣɔ̈n ye kɔc them gup thïn
General practice clinical system providers have introduced an emergency new set of clinical codes to support COVID-19 surveillance.
Kë lɛ̈u bï raan ebën looi keye kë cï akïïm gam anaŋ kën yam wïc bï rot looi bɛ̈ɛ̈i akïïm ku kɔc kony cɛɛth COVID-19.
Additionally, practices participating in current virology surveillance are now taking samples for COVID-19 surveillance from low-risk patients presenting with LRTIs.
Ku kë mɛt thïn, ku käk looi cï mat cɛɛth köm aa nyɛi abaŋ cɛɛth COVID-19 tën kɔc kor tuany thïn la gup LRTIs.
Within the first 2 weeks of setup of this surveillance, we have identified 3 cases: 1 through the new coding system, the other 2 through the extended virology sampling.
Wudhbuɔ̈ɔ̈ tueŋ kä 2 iic jɔk ke cɛɛth, ok aacï käŋ kä 3 tïŋ: 1 alɔŋ käk tuany tet ic, ku kä kök kä 2 athem köm.
We have rapidly converted the established national RCGP RSC influenza surveillance system into one that can test the effectiveness of the COVID-19 containment policy.
Ok aacï RCGP RSC gen dït ye kek kuat juäi them thïn wel ic bi ya të ye ke COVID-19 them thïn ku dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye ke yen muk.
The extended surveillance has already seen the use of new codes with 3 cases reported.
Cɛɛth cï cuɔt tueŋ acï te ye ke wɛ̈l ic yɔ̈ luɔ̈i thïn ku kɔc tuany kä 3 ke cï luel.
Rapid sharing of this protocol should enable scientific critique and shared learning.
Römröm athɔ̈r kën alɛ̈u kɔc lui käk pinynhom kony jiɛ̈m ic ku piɔ̈c cï rɔm.
The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is a network of general practices (GPs) with a nationally representative population that provides pseudonymized data for weekly surveillance of infectious diseases.
Royal College kën General Practiioners (RCGP) ku Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) akut käk ye looi (GPs) aa kek kɔc yiɛ̈k athɔ̈r wɛ̈l cï kek caath iic ku lui kek ye ke cɛɛth käm looi thïn wudhbuɔ thok ebën.
The disease surveillance program is commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) and covers 37 infectious diseases, including influenza.
Cɛɛth e tuany e luɔi akut pial guop England (PHE) ku aa tuany 37 muk nhïïm, agut juäi.
The RCGP RSC and PHE have an established collaboration of over 50 years in influenza and respiratory disease surveillance and are now in their 53rd season of surveillance and analysis.
RCGP RSC ku PHE aacï ke iic mat tëcït tën ruon 50 le tueŋ alɔŋ cɛɛth juäi ku tuany e wɛ̈i ic ku kek aa nimra 53 ic ke cɛɛth ku jiɛ̈m kä tuɛnytuɛny iic.
The RCGP RSC extracts pseudonymized data from a nationally representative sample of over 500 urban and nonurban GPs each week covering a population of over 4 million.
RCGP RSC aa wɛ̈l cï caath ku lui kek nyai tëcït tën gɛu 500 ku bɛ̈ɛ̈i ko GPs wudhbuɔ thok ebën ku akut malion kä 4 aa kek cï lɔc.
Data from these practices are reported online in a weekly return, which includes monitoring weekly rates of influenza-like illness (ILI) and other communicable and respiratory diseases in England.
Wɛ̈l athɔ̈rkën aaye kek luɛ̈ aɣer webthaith ic wudhbuɔ thok ebën, ku ala ic cɛɛth tuany cït juäi (ILI) wudhbuɔ ic ku jɔl aa tuɛnytuɛny kök ye kek yɔ̈k röm icku tuɛnytuɛny puou England.
We also produce an annual report.
Ok aa kë cï luɛl aɣer thök ruon.
The RCGP RSC data set includes all coded data and all prescribed items including vaccine exposure.
Wɛ̈l pan piööc RCGP RSC aala iic wɛ̈l cï kek war iic ku wɛ̈l cï kek tet iic ku aala iic nyoth wäl.
The RCGP RSC conducts virology surveillance each influenza season, with 100 GPs participating in the 2019-2020 season (Figure 1).
RCGP RSC e cɛɛth athɛ̈m käm kɔc yiɛ̈k juäi looi pɛ̈ɛ̈i käŋuan cök ciɛ̈n, ku wɛnh GPs 100 ecï rot mat ke kek ruon 2019-2020 (Thura 1).
These virology sampling practices are also recruited to be nationally representative (Figure 1).
Luɔi käk athɛ̈m aaye kek luɔ̈i bï tɔ̈u nyin kë wïc baai ic (Thura 1).
GPs take nasopharyngeal swabs from persons showing acute respiratory illness within 7 days of the onset of symptoms.
Wɛ̈ɛ̈th GPs athuör nyai tën kɔc ye nyuɔth lɔn le kek tuɛny puou nïïn kä 7 iic mɛ̈nɛ̈ jɔ̈k kïït tuany.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are taken from children younger than 5 years showing symptoms of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
Athuör aye nyai tën mïïth ko la run kä 5 la kïït bronchitis rac/bronchitis.
Additionally, nasopharyngeal samples are taken from anyone 5 years and older showing acute onset of ILI and respiratory synctial virus.
Ku kë dɛ̈t mɛt thïn, käk athuör aaye nyai tën kuat la run kä 5 ku raan dït kïït ILI nyuɔth ku wɛ̈i la ic köm.
Swabs are tested at the PHE Respiratory Virus Unit for influenza to monitor positivity rates and circulating strains, as well as for measuring vaccine effectiveness.
Athuör aye them ɣɔ̈n ye kɔc them thïn PHE ic alɔŋ käm juäi ku bï ye köm lui buɔth cök ku käk yen tɛk piny, ku thɛ̈mthɛ̈m wäl apath.
The RCGP RSC successfully conducted a pilot collecting serological samples from adults and linking them to a patient’s medical records during the 2018-2019 influenza season.
RCGP RSC acï kutic riim tiam të kɔc dït ku nuet ke kek käk raan nyuɔth lɔn tuɛny yen ruon 2018 le ruon 2019 dhaman juäi.
This pilot was in collaboration with the PHE Seroepidemiology Unit and added to the residual blood samples submitted to PHE by National Health Service (NHS) laboratories.
Athɛ̈mkën e ye amɛ̈t ic PHE abaŋ Seroepidemiology ku acï mat athɛ̈m riɛm ci ke gam tën PHE akut pial guop bai (NHS) ɣɔ̈t ye kɔc them gup thïn.
Serology can provide important information about background population immunity, and sentinel networks can provide a mechanism for systematic data collection and linkage to medical records and health outcomes.
Serology alɛ̈u bï wɛ̈t muɣem alɔŋ tën a jɔ̈k tuany thïn gam, ku akut sentinal alɛ̈u dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye ke wɛ̈l kuöt iic thïn ku nuɛ̈tnuɛ̈t den kek kä cï göt alɔŋ wal ku käk bën bei alɔŋ pial guop gam.
The serology pilot has demonstrated the ability of the network to collect serology samples in adults.
Athɛ̈m serology acï piath akut nyuɔth bï käk athɛ̈m nyai tën kɔc cï dït.
With the COVID-19 outbreak, PHE and RCGP RSC have adapted existing influenza surveillance to monitor the spread of COVID-19 in the community, and this protocol sets out the basis for that collaboration.
Jɔ̈k cök COVID-19, PHE ku RCGP RSC aacï cɛɛth juäi la tueŋ emɛ̈nɛ̈ nyai ku bï kek tek rot piny COVID-19 akut ic cath, ku athɔ̈rkën acï dhɔ̈ɔ̈l cï kek rɔ̈t mat nyuɔth.
The primary national strategy for COVID-19 infection is containment, with patients who are at high risk managed via the telephone help system NHS111 and the PHE health protection teams, but the RCGP RSC surveillance is entirely separate.
Kë tueŋ bai alɔŋ COVID-19 e wɛ̈t bï gɛ̈l, ku kek kɔc tuany la gup riɔ̈c ayɔ̈k kuɔny të cöt kek ajɔtwɛ̈l alɔŋ NHS111 ku akut kɔc kony alɔŋ PHE, ku pan piööc RCGP RSC a loi thok.
The RCGP RSC, by extending its established work, will provide virological and serological surveillance to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community, and assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy.
RCGP RSC, ke cot luɔiden cïk jɔk tueŋ, abï cɛɛth käm lu riɛm gam ku bï të ye COVID-19 rot tɛk piny buɔth cök akut bai ic, ku tïŋ piath dhɔ̈ɔ̈l cï kuany bï ke tuany gɛ̈l.
We would not be working in isolation on this research.
Ok aacï bï lui ke o mec rɔ̈t wei yäp wɛ̈l kën ic.
We will share the protocol with UK colleagues and the I-MOVE consortium who have recently obtained EU Horizon 2020 funding from the stream “Advancing knowledge for the clinical and public health response to the novel coronavirus epidemic”.
Ok aba athɔ̈r rom kek pamäthkua UK ku I-MOVE consortium cï yɔ̈k kek kuɔny EU Horizon 2020 alɔŋ "cot tueŋ ŋiɛ̈c käŋ rin luɔi panakïm ku pial guop akut ku bï ke coronavirus dhuk nhom."
It is anticipated that great efficiencies in project management will result through this collaboration than that obtained from countries acting alone.
Aci thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic lɔn ŋiɛ̈c biɔ̈th cök luɔi kën abi naŋ kë path rin cï kek ke cï mat tën bɛ̈ɛ̈i lui rɔ̈t ke pɛ̈c.
The aim of this study is to identify whether there is undetected community transmission of COVID-19, estimate population susceptibility, and monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community.
Ke wïc athɔ̈rkën e wɛ̈t ku bï tïŋ lɔn le yen kë kïc tïŋ akut bai ic të ye COVID-19 rot tɛk piny thïn, ku thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ akut cï luaŋ tuany ic, ku cɛɛth të cï COVID-19 ot tɛk piny thïn ku ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n cï yen ke la thïn akut ic.
The objectives of this study are as follows:
Ke wïc athɔ̈rkën aa:
To monitor the burden of suspected COVID-19 activity in the community through primary care surveillance and clinical coding of possible COVID-19 cases referred into the containment pathway
Ku bï ke thiek ci tuany COVID-19 caath të lui yen thïn akut bai ic të cɛɛth kuɔny tueŋ ku wɛ̈ɛ̈r ic panakïm lɛ̈u bï la kɔc cï luaŋ COVID-19 cï ke tuɔc dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ke tuany gɛ̈l thïn.
To provide virological evidence on the presence and extent of undetected community transmission of COVID-19 and monitor positivity rates among individuals presenting ILI or acute respiratory tract infections to primary care
Ku bï kën yic nyuɔth alɔŋ rɛ̈ɛ̈r ku tek piny COVID-19 ku cɛɛth të ye yen lui thïn kɔc la gup ILI wula tuɛnytuɛny ye yɔ̈k wɛ̈i ic e muök tueŋ.
To estimate baseline susceptibility to COVID-19 in the community and estimate both symptomatic and asymptomatic exposure rates in the population through seroprevalence monitoring
Ku bï të rɛ̈ɛ̈r COVID-19 thïn akut ic thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic ku thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ käk kïït nyuɔth ku käk ce kïït nyuɔth ku të ye yen lui thïn kɔc gup ke rɛ̈ɛ̈r riɛm.
To pilot implementation of a scheme for collection of convalescent sera with antibody profiles among recovered cases of COVID-19 discharged to the community
Ku bï luɔi them bï täu nyiɛnde kuutic riɛm kek käk lui guop ic kam Kɔc cï ŋuɛ̈n COVID-19 cï ke luɔny akut ic.
We intend to capture the following.
Kä wïc ku buk kek dom aa kïïk:
Clinical workload related to reports of COVID-19 using the codes created to flag cases, those being assessed and where the infection is located are excluded (Figures 2-​-44)
Loiloi juëc panakïm thiääk thook kek COVID-19 luui dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye ke wɛ̈l waar iic , käk cï kek caath ku të rɛ̈ɛ̈r köm thïm acï nyuɔth aacï tɛm wei (Thura 2--44)
Foreign countries visited in the last 28 days
Bɛ̈ɛ̈i lei cï kek nem nïïn 28 cï jäl
Existing codes that may have utility (Tables 1-​-3).3).
Käk cï waar iic lɛ̈u bï kek luɔ̈i (Agït 1--3).3).
Many GPs and primary care teams may not realize that important relevant data can be coded.
Wɛ̈ɛ̈th GPs juëc ku akut kɔc tiit aacï lɛ̈u bï ŋic lɔn adë ka wɛ̈l wïc alɛ̈u bï kek waar ic.
There is also the potential during any pandemic to monitor the effectiveness of any transmission control measures.
Ala kë lɛ̈u bï rot looi dhaman kuat tuany ku bï të ye yen lui thïn ku dhɔɔl tekde rot piny caath.
Reliable coding of letters and test results that will show an infection has become either confirmed or excluded
Käk ye nyuɔth ku käk cï yɔ̈k athɛ̈m ic lɛu bïk tuany nyuɔth aacï kek gam wula tɛm wei.
The methods will follow the approach used in the current influenza surveillance system and recent serology study, and includes five components: (1) primary care clinical surveillance; (2) virological surveillance; (3) population serological surveillance; (4) convalescent sera in cases; and (5) data curation.
Dhɔ̈ɔ̈l aabï kë cï luɔ̈i buɔth cök alɔŋ cɛɛth juäi ku akuën loi alɔŋ wäl, ku ala ic käŋ kä dhïc: (1) cɛɛth cï panakïm looi; (2) cɛɛth köm; (3) cɛɛth riɛm kɔc; (4) kɔc cï ŋuɛ̈n alɔŋ sera; (5) Kɔc wɛ̈l muk nhïïm.
The NHS uses the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) system of coding, which is normally only updated twice annually.
NHS etë ye käŋ cal thïn thɔŋ akïïm luɔ̈i ye cɔl Systematized Nomenclature Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) kë ye käŋ kuen, ku aye duök arak rɔu ruon ic.
There was added complexity as some computerized medical record (CMR) suppliers use the Read coding systems (Read clinical terms version 3 – CTv3), which is no longer updated.
Ala kën ril ic cï mat thïn rin cï Computer käk wal göt (CMR) acï kë ye kɔc kuen luɔ̈i (ye wɛ̈l wal kuen abaŋ 3 - CTv3) ku acïn kë ye bën göt thïn.
Additionally, there were no clinical codes to record COVID-19 in early February 2020.
Ku kë mɛt thïn, ecïn kä panakïm bï ke COVID-19 gät piny jɔ̈k cök pɛi Rɔu ruon 2020.
Therefore, the two main GP system suppliers added the five terms shown in Table 4 as system-wide local codes.
Ku këya, käŋ kärɔu ye kɔc kuen GP acï wɛ̈l kä dhic mat thïn cï nyuɔth Agïth 4 tëcït të cï kën piny nhom yen nyuɔth.
A UK emergency release of SNOMED CT concepts for COVID-19 was also subsequently made available across all CMR systems (Table 4).
Ku kë wïc cï UK lac nyuɔth aɣer e SNOMED CT rin COVID-19 ecï cɔl a rɛ̈ɛ̈r thïn kuat ɣɔ̈n CMR ebën (Agït 4).
The intention is that these will eventually be mapped to the new SNOMED CT concepts as they become available, allowing recording of relevant data (Multimedia Appendix 1).
Ku kë cï tak e wɛ̈t ku bï kek mat SNOMED CT yam ic të le kek rɛ̈ɛ̈r thïn, ku kuat wɛ̈l wïc bï ke ŋic ya gät piny (abaŋ Multimedia 1).
The key requirements for this release were the ability to code (Table 4) a case of COVID-19, exposure to risk of infection (travel to an area where there may be a higher risk), contact with anyone infected with COVID-19, a report that a person had been tested for COVID-19, and that the disease had been excluded (likely a negative test).
Käk ke wïc athɔ̈rken ic e wɛ̈t bi naŋ të ye kɔc kuen (Agït 4) alɔŋ COVID-19, kɔc nyuɔth ke rɛc tuany (la keny të la ic tuany dït), röm kek raan cï luaŋ COVID-19, kën ye nyuɔth lɔn cï raan them COVID-19, ku lɔn adë ka tuany acï puɔc wei (athɛ̈m cï yɔ̈k ke ye lueth).
In addition, practices are now able to code any foreign travel undertaken, including the ability to record visits to multiple countries (implemented February 8, 2020).
Ku kë mɛt thïn, käk ye looi aa kuat le keny cï looi thändë kuen, ku e kuat nɛ̈ɛ̈m cï raan looi gɛth juëc iic nyuɔth (cï looi pɛi Rɔu aköl nïïn 8, ruon 2020).
Figures 2-​-44 show the EMIS web implementation.
Thura 2--44 e kë looi EMIS nyuɔth.
Currently, virology samples for influenza surveillance are accompanied by a standard request form.
Yemɛ̈nɛ̈, cɛɛth athɛ̈m käm juäi aaye athɔ̈r buɔth cɔ̈k.
For COVID-19, we will create a new request form that will record:
Tën COVID-19, ok aabï athɔ̈r bï käkä gät piny:
Date of onset of symptoms
Aköl a jɔ̈k kïït tuany
Diagnosis of any of the following:
Käk cï ke tïŋ käkä ic
Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis in those younger than five years
Bronchitis dït/bronchitis tɔ̈u mïth kor la run kä dhïc le piny gup.
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)
Tuany ye yɔ̈k wɛ̈i ic (LRTI).
History of fever (Y/N); measured (Y/N); if yes, level
Anyïköl juäi/atuöc (Y/N); cï them (Y/N); ku na ye yic, të pɛ̈k yen thïn
Shortness of breath (Y/N), if measured: oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
Riɛl ic wɛ̈i (Y/N), na ci them: të ye aliir cɛth thïn ku të ye raan wɛ̈i thïn
Recent travel (Y/N); if yes, countries visited in last 14 days
Puɔc keny (Y/N); na yic, ka bɛ̈ɛ̈i cï kek nem nïïn 14 cï jäl
Contact with a named person with confirmed COVID-19 (Y/N) with a free text comment about the level of certainty
Röm kek raan la guöp COVID-19 (Y/N) ku kek të ye raan gät thïn tëcït tën yïn tuany thïn.
These codes will be grouped ontologically into “definite”, “probable”, “possible”, and “not a case” using our standard approach to grouping codes (Table 5), which has been used previously across disease areas.
Käkä aabï ke täu akut "käk cï puon dak", "tɛkdä", "abï dhiɛl" ku "ace yen tëde" të lui të ye akuut luɔi thïn (Agït 5), cï kaŋ luɔ̈i alɔŋ tuany.
The RCGP RSC definition for ILI is shown in Multimedia Appendix 2.
Kë ye RCGP RSC luel ke yen wɛ̈t de ic yen ILI acï nyuɔth abaŋ 2 Multimedia ic.
Public Presentation of Data Using an Observatory and Dashboards
Nyoth wɛ̈t të lui kë cï tïŋ ku kä ŋic
We will develop an observatory to present data nationally and a dashboard for feedback to practices about their data quality and collection of virology and serology samples.
Ok abï kën cäth tuany nyuɔth cak ku bï wɛ̈l ya nyuɔth gɛu ic ku të ye kɔc dhuök wɛ̈l nhïïm thïn ku bï thiɛk ic wɛ̈l ken tïŋ ku kuut ic athëm käm ku wäl.
This is based on coding described in Table 4.
Kën e rin ke cï tet ic Agït 4 ic.
Definite case will be presented on our dashboard as “cases” of COVID-19.
Wɛ̈l cïn iic puon dak aabï nyuɔth të dan ye ok gät thïn "keye käk" COVID-19.
Possible cases will be presented as “Under investigation” (investigating).
Wɛ̈l tɛkdä aabï nyuɔth ke "ŋot ke giik" (agïïk).
“Not a case” will be presented as “Excluded”.
"Wɛ̈l ce tëde" aabï ke nyuɔth ke "ke cï tɛm wei".
Online data has been established within the initial few weeks in the COVID-19 Observatory (Figure 5), indicating the overall number of patients and rate per 10,000 patients of cases confirmed or under investigation, as well as where the virus is excluded.
Käk ye yɔ̈k webthaith aacï ke yam wudhbuɔ̈ɔ̈ thii liik cï COVID-19 jɔk bï tïŋ (Thura 5), ku ke ye adat kɔc cï tuany nyuɔth ku të ye yen lui thïn ran 10,000 tuany cï ke yɔ̈k wula ke ŋuɔt ŋoot ke giik, ku te ye köm tɛm wei thïn.
We have the option to move to twice weekly surveillance reports with a scope to change this to daily reporting.
Ok ala purtha ku buk la arak rɔu wudhbuɔ ic alɔŋ kë cï göt alɔŋ cɛɛth ku bï la te waar ok yen bï ya kën kɔc lɛ̈k akölaköl.
We will continue virology sampling from our sentinel practices, rather than discontinuing as seasonal influenza declines.
Ok abï la tueŋ ke o thɛ̈m alɔŋ käm tëcït të ye ok yen luɔi thïn, tën lɔn bï ok yen tem kɔ̈u ke juäi dhuk piny.
Additionally, we will recruit more surveillance practices.
Ku kë mɛt thïn, ok aabï dhɔ̈ɔ̈l cɛɛth luɔ̈i.
The RCGP RSC virology practices will aim to undertake 200-300 nasopharyngeal swabs per week across the RCGP RSC sentinel network, collecting specimens across all age bands.
Luɔi athɛ̈m käm abï RCGP RSC ye nhom täu tëcït tën 200-300 athuör cï kek kuöt ic wudhbuɔ thok ebën kuat ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n RCGP RSC, ke kuut riɛm tën kuat run.
In addition to the inclusion criteria for influenza virology surveillance (ILI, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis), participating practices will take nasopharyngeal swab samples from any people showing acute symptoms of LRTI if the onset of symptoms is within 7 days.
Ku kë cï mat dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye ke köm juäi caath (ILI, bronchitis dit/bronchitis), käk luɔi cï rɔ̈t mat thïn abï athuör nyai tën kɔc la gup kïït LRTI të puɔc yen jɔk nïïn kä 7 iic.
RCGP RSC research officers and practice liaison staff will manage practices to achieve a total national sample of 200-300 swabs per week.
Kɔc yäp wɛ̈l RCGP RSC ku raan lui aabï luɔi looi ku bïk athɛ̈m wïc 200-300 baai ic yɔ̈k wudhbuɔ thok ebën.
This could be increased if PHE modelers require more samples.
Kën alɛ̈u bie ic juak të wïc PHE athɛ̈m juëc.
Samples from each practice would be spread across the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years and older
Kuat athɛ̈m cï luɔ̈i abï tɛk run nhïïm: <run kä 5, 5 le 17, ruon 18-64, ruon 65 ku kɔc cï dït.
Samples (swabs or serum) collected will be sent via prepaid envelopes addressed to the appropriate PHE laboratory for analysis.
Käk athɛ̈m (athuör wula riɛm) cï kek kuöt iic abï toc athɔ̈r ye kɔc tuuc ke toc të ɣɔ̈n ye kɔc gup thïn PHE cï lɔc bï caath.
All samples collected will be tested for the presence of influenza and COVID-19.
Kuat käk athɛ̈m cï kek kuöt iic aabï them lɔn tɔ̈u köm COVID-19 thïn.
Additionally, PHE will retrospectively test any influenza virology samples collected between early and mid-February 2020 for COVID-19.
Ku kë mɛt thïn, PHE abï kuat käk athɛ̈m them köm cï nyai kam jɔ̈k cök ku pɛi Rɔu ciɛl ic ruon 2020 e COVID-19.
Practices will still follow the PHE protocol for COVID-19 with respect to people at risk of infection who should be signposted down the containment pathway, rather than physically attend their practice.
Käk ye looi abï athɔ̈r PHE buɔth cök alɔŋ COVID-19 ku kɔc lɛ̈u bï guɔ tuany dhil kek piät athɔ̈r të ye tuany gɛ̈l thïn, tën lɔn bï kek bën të looi athɛ̈m thïn.
Direct testing of those who attend surgery remains permitted, but we have also rolled out self-swabbing at home.
Athɛ̈m kɔc cï bën ret acï puöl bï ya looi, ku ok aacï të ye raan rot thɛm thïn baai guir aya.
Summary of processes are detailed in Multimedia Appendix 3.
Kë cï looi cek ic alɔŋ dhɔ̈ɔ̈l aacï kek tet iic abaŋ 3 Multimedia.
Everyone with an ILI or a respiratory illness who contacts a GP (eg, phones for an appointment) should be asked specifically about recent travel to China and other countries flagged in current PHE advice, or if they have had contact with other people with COVID-19.
Kuat raan la ILI wula kuat tuany wɛ̈i cɔl GP (cïmen, ajɔtwɛ̈l ku bï dhaman kuany) ad dhil thiëc lɔn cï yen la China ku bɛ̈ɛ̈i kök tɔ̈u PHE ic, wula lɔn cï kek röm kek raan cï luaŋ COVID-19.
If these screening enquiries are positive, the patient would be advised to not come to the practice but instead to follow the PHE flow sheet.
Ku na cï kek yɔ̈k ke la gup tuany, ka kɔc tuany aabï kek wɛ̈ɛ̈t bïk cï ben bën të ye athɛ̈m looi thïn bu aabï thiëc bïk athɔ̈r PHE buɔth ic.
This can be by a reception or clinician staff, depending on individual practice protocol.
Kën alɛ̈u bï ya raan kɔc lor wula akïm, tëcït tën athɔ̈r muk raan.
These calls should be coded into the GP CMR system and can be reported as part of the RCGP RSC weekly return.
Cöt kä aa dhil ke waar iic wɛnh cɔl GP CMR ku alɛ̈u bi cal ke ye abaŋ RCGP RSC wudhbuɔ thok ebën.
We have developed training material to support this coding (Multimedia Appendix 4).
Ok aacï athɔ̈r kɔc piöc guir ku bï awɛ̈r ic kuɔny (Abaŋ 4 Multimedia).
These include prompt cards for:
Ku athɔ̈ɔ̈r ye kɔc thiëc aala iic:
Practice reception or triage staff: for coding of any patients calling the practice with symptoms of acute respiratory infection with a history of travel to important areas based on PHE advice
Të ye ke looi nyai thïn wula të ye kɔc cï tuany luɔ̈i elac thïn: ku bï kɔc cï tuany ŋic bï ke luɔ̈i cɔl ke la gup kïït e tuany ye yɔ̈k wɛ̈i ic la anyïköl cï yen la keny ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n muɣɛm iic tëcït të cï PHE yen wɛ̈ɛ̈t thïn
Administrative staff or clinicians who code: to encourage consistent coding of results for any suspected cases, including coding of negative results for exclusion
Kɔk Maktap wula akïïm kek käŋ waar iic: ku bï të ye käk cï waar ic të le yen ke ye yɔ̈k ke cï luaŋ, agut awɛ̈ric käk cïn tuany cï yɔ̈k thïn.
Practices participating in virology surveillance will opportunistically collect blood samples from patients coming into the practice for a routine blood test.
Loiloi cï rɔ̈t mat cɛɛth köm ic aabï riɛmm kuöt ic ten kɔc tuany bɔ̈ bï kek bën them.
Patients who attend their practice for a routine blood test will be asked to provide an additional sample for serology.
Kɔc cï bën bï ke riɛmden bën them aabï thiɛ̈c bïk riɛm dɛ̈t gam bï käm kök tïŋ thïn.
We have conducted initial searches within the RCGP RSC database to look at the number of full blood count (FBC) results and overall rates in adults and children (Figures 6-​-9).9).
Ok aacï yäp wɛ̈l RCGP RSC ic ku buk adat ariɛm cï nyai tïŋ (FBC) käk cï yɔ̈k thïn ku të yïn yen thïn kɔc dït ku mïïth iic (Thura 6--9).9).
An FBC is one of the most common tests performed, and we hope this will give an approximate indication of overall numbers of blood tests performed.
FBC e kuat athɛ̈m ye looi, ku ayeku ngooth abï yiɛ̈k adat athɛ̈m riɛm cï looi.
The sampling rate, per 100,000 patients was highest for children 15-17 years of age and 60 year or older in adults, with the lowest rates in children 0-4 years of age and 18-29 years of age in adults (Figures 6-​-99).
Abaŋ athɛ̈m, alɔŋ 100,000 kɔc tuany e tɔ̈u nhial tën mïïth la ruon 15 le 17 ku ruon 60 wula kɔc cï dït, ku akor tën mïïth la ruon 0 le run kä 4 ku kɔc ruon 18-29 kɔc dït ic (Thura 6--99).
We will provide 1000 serology baseline samples across all ages that reflect the varying rates of attendance by age.
Ok aabï athɛ̈m 1000 alɔŋ tuɛnytuɛny gam tën kuat run käk wääc nyuɔth tëcït tën run.
Additionally, we will test if we can obtain these all from virology practices to enhance the yield.
Ku kë mɛt thïn, ok abä athɛ̈mm looi lɔn lɛ̈u ok yen buk käkä yɔ̈k luɔi käm ku bï naŋ kä yɔ̈k thïn.
A good geographical spread is important, so PHE can advise on areas where serology will most usefully be collected.
Të cï tuany rot tɛk thïn e muɣem, ku bï PHE kɔc wɛ̈ɛ̈t të lɛ̈u bï athɛ̈m riɛm looi thïn.
This will be followed by 800 samples monthly.
Ku kën abï athɛ̈m ran 800 buɔth cök pɛi thok ebën.
The sample will be stratified with 200 specimens for prepandemic survey (100 for monthly) in the following age groups: &lt; 5 years, 5-17 years, 18-64 years, and 65 years or older.
Ku athɛ̈m abï tek ic kek rim 200 cï kek nyai ku bï jɔ̈k tuany caath (100 pɛi thok) akut run kä iic <run kä 5 le tueŋ, run kä 5 le ruon 17, ruon 18-64, ku ruon 65 wula ran cï dït.
The younger patients, in many practices younger than 14 years, and in nearly all for children younger than 8 years will require pediatric serology surveillance.
Kɔc kor tuany, kɔc kor ruon 14 dhuk piny, ku tëcït tën mïth la run kä 8 aabï akïm mïth bï ya yen cɛɛth kek.
We will develop a new request form for practices to capture recent travel and exposure to COVID-19.
Ok aabï athɔ̈r cak ku bï luɔ̈i bï la keny puɔc rot loi ku COVID-19 nyuɔth.
We will pilot a scheme for collecting convalescent serology from people with confirmed cases and who have had an acute virology sample at the time of their infection.
Ok aabï dhël bi riɛm kuut kɔc gup them tën kɔc cï yɔ̈k ke cï luaŋ ku kɔc cï kaŋ la köm juëc dhaman dɔm tuany kek.
This is to identify a carrier state in patients who have recovered from the virus but may continue shedding the virus.
Kën e wɛ̈t ku bï të ye köm ɣääc thïn kɔc cï tuany ku kɔc cï ŋuɛn gup ku abï ŋuɔt ala tueŋ ke köm dhiɛ̈th.
If there are a small number of cases, this may assist in developing a test kit for patients to take to their own GP and explore its acceptability to patients.
Na le adat kor kɔc cï luaŋ, ka kën alɛ̈u bï kɔc kony bï kë GP cak tën kɔc tuany ku bïk ɣäth tëden rɛ̈ɛ̈r kek thïn ku tïŋ të bï kɔc tuany yen gam thïn.
If there are a large number of COVID-19 cases nationally, convalescent samples could be collected from RCGP RSC practices where there are confirmed cases, with the ability to link to the full medical record.
Ku na le adat kɔc ci luaŋ COVID-19 gɛu ic ebën, kä riɛm alɛ̈u bï kuöt ic RCGP RSC të rɛ̈ɛ̈r adat kɔc cï luaŋ thïn, ku alɛ̈u bï kek nuet kek kä cï göt alɔŋ wal.
This process may include checking pseudonymized NHS numbers for positive individuals at RCGP RSC practices, checking current PHE guidance regarding considerations of infectiousness for confirmed cases, and offering the patient an appointment following the previously mentioned process.
Ku dhel kën alɛ̈u bï ic naŋ athɔ̈r nimra NHS kɔc cï tauny nyuɔth loiloi RCGP RSC, ku tïŋ kën kɔc lɛ̈k alɔŋ PHE emɛ̈nɛ̈ bi kɔc cï luaŋ mat thïn, ku kuany dhaman kek raan cï tuany të buɔth dhɔ̈ɔ̈l thɛɛr iic.
This needs to be carefully coordinated nationally across the network and may require PHE to ensure individuals are not contacted by multiple agencies.
Ke;n awïc bï ŋiɛc buɔth bai nhom ebën akuut cï rɔ̈t mat ku awïc PHE bï ŋic lɔn adë ka kuat raan aa kïc kek thiëc akuut juëc kök.
RCGP RSC could provide a useful structure to channel the initial contact once PHE has made a request.
RCGP RSC abï të bï kek ya yɔ̈k thïn gam ku bï raan ya nyuɔth nhom të cï PHE yen thiëc.
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of a LRTI.
Loiloi RCGP RSC cï rɔ̈t mat cɛɛth köm juäi acï jɔk kek athɛ̈m riɛm cï nyai tën kɔc la gup kïït LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Kuat iim cï kek nyai aaye kek them bï juäi ku COVID-19 tïŋ.
The RCGP RSC will explore ways to collect convalescent samples from any patients tested positive for COVID-19 through the extension of the virological surveillance.
RCGP RSC abï dhɔ̈ɔ̈l bï ke riɛm cï nyai tën kɔc cï yɔk kek COVID-19 yɔ̈p të cot cɛɛth köm tueŋ.
From the start, we will be carefully curating data to ensure that it can be used for future studies.
Jɔ̈kde, ok aabï wɛ̈l kuany iic apath ku bï dhiɛl luɔ̈i akuën aköl ciɛ̈n.
Our clinical data will be linked to virology.
Athɔ̈r panakïm abï nuet kek alɔŋ käm.
We will curate our data using the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable principles.
Kuɛ̈nykuɛ̈ny wɛ̈l abuk looi ke o luui kë lɛ̈u bï yɔ̈k, kë ye det ic, alɛ̈u bï wääc ic, alɛ̈u bï ben luɔ̈i.
To facilitate this our data set is listed with Health Data Research UK and the European Health Data Evidence Network.
Ku buk kën looi, athɔ̈rda acï gät kek athɔ̈r yäp käk pial guop UK ku athɔ̈r pial guop Ɣurup.
The statistical methodology is in support of a policy approach to widespread disease outbreak, where so-called nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to respond to an emerging pandemic to produce disease suppression.
Dhël akuën e dhel ye tuany ŋiɛc thïn lɔn cï yen wer piny kuɔny, ku dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ce dhɔ̈ɔ̈l wal aye kek them (NPIs) ku bï tuany cï jɔk thany piny.
This policy aims to reduce contact rates in the population and thereby reduce transmission of the virus.
lööŋ kä wïc bï röm ye kɔc akut ic tek ic ku bï tek rot piny köm dhuök piny.
To implement this the UK government has recently articulated the desire to implement population self-isolation measures.
Ku bï kën looi akuma UK acï löŋ cal bï kɔc ya rɛ̈ɛ̈r të mec ic kek kɔc täu luɔi ic.
By targeting the reproduction number (R) (the average number of secondary cases each case generates) and aiming to reduce the R to below 1, the policy seeks to reduce case numbers to low levels or (as seen in previous outbreaks with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola) to eliminate human-to-human transmission.
Ku bï të ye adat rot juak thïn muk nhom (R) adat kɔc tuany ye raan tök bɛ̈i) ku abi them ku bï adat R dhuök piny le tök 1, kën awïc bï adat dhuök piny bï la të kor wula (cïmen cï ye tïŋ tuany tueŋ cï rot kaŋ looi ic alɔŋ tuɛnytuɛny wɛ̈i ic ku Ebola) ku te ye yen jäl raan guop bï la raan guop gël.
As the experience from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic has shown, NPIs can be a crucial component of pandemic mitigation.
Cïmen cï köm 2009 H1N1 yen nyuɔth, NPIs alɛ̈u bï ya abaŋ të bï tuany gɛ̈l thïn.
Key to the focus of our study will be the estimation of peak cases in the population and continual monitoring by data collection and modelling the potential growth and emergence of subsequent peaks in new cases as social distancing measures are relaxed.
Kë wïc bï akuënda ye nhom täu thïn e wɛ̈t ku të cï tuany döt kɔc ic tïŋ ku cɛɛth la tueŋ wɛ̈l cï kek kuöt ic ku aguier kë ye tïŋ ke bï köm cɔl adiɛ̈t ku ku ke wïc bï looi emɛ̈nɛ̈ alɔŋ kɔc tuany të cï kë ye kɔc rɔ̈t mɛc wei puöl.
There has already been publication of important disease epidemiological measures concerning the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China.
Ala kä cï kek göt wën thɛɛr rin anyïkol käk lɛ̈u bï kek looi alɔŋ tuany COVID-19 cï jɔ̈k pan China.
A further fundamental measure in pandemic dynamics is the length of time from infection to when a person is infectious to others and the mean duration of infectiousness.
Kë pɛth dɛ̈t lɛ̈u bï ŋic tuany ic e kam ye nök mɛ̈nɛ̈ yen raan ɣet kam lɛ̈u bï raan kɔc kök luaŋ ku ku kam ye nök ke luaŋ kɔc.
These factors, if estimated accurately, will give good predictions for the likely length of the pandemic, the final number of infected cases.
Käkä, të cï kek thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ iic apath, ka lɛ̈u bï dhaman ye köm nök ku adat kɔc ye luaŋ nyuɔth apath.
We intend to apply approximate Bayesian inference (ABC) to (possibly spatially heterogeneous) Susceptible-Exposed- Infectious-Removed (SEIR) stochastic epidemic models.
A wïcku ku buk Baseysian inference (ABC) luɔ̈i le (juɛ̈c den), kë ye tïŋ la tuany-cï nyuɔth-kɔc luaŋ - ku bï bei (SEIR) dhel käm stochastic.
Such techniques are highly parallelizable and have been successfully applied to many fields including disease transmission modelling.
Dhɔ̈ɔ̈l kä aacï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ku aacï kek luɔ̈i ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n juëc iic agut dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye tuany rot tɛk piny.
They are particularly suited to situations where likelihood functions are absent and where more traditional approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo are impractical.
Käkä apiath të liu kä lui ku të cï käk bai luɔ̈i thïn cïmen Markov chain Monte Carlo acï lui.
Such an approach has been demonstrated to work effectively on the ASPREN surveillance data, a network of sentinel GPs and nurse practitioners who report deidentified information on ILIs and other conditions, where issues such as missing data and the need to model the observation process itself has been successfully addressed.
Dhɔ̈ɔ̈l aacï yɔ̈k ke lui alɔŋ cɛɛth wɛ̈l ASPREN, akut GPs ku kɔc lui panakïm cï kë cïk tïŋ alɔŋ ILIs ku kä kök jɔ̈ɔ̈r luel, të cï wɛ̈l liu ku wiëc wïc yen bï them bï të lui yen thïn them aacï kek luɔ̈i apth.
Furthermore, peaks in new cases have been estimated by distributional methods.
Ku këya, la nhial kɔc cï luaŋ iic aacï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic lui tek piny.
Estimates of the parameters of the SEIR model are tractable on large data sets because of parallelizability, and these methods have been implemented in several R libraries; we intend to use the libraries ABSEIR (deposited on GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) and abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) to estimate epidemic measures on a weekly basis.
Thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic tën a jɔ̈k SEIR thïn aalɛ̈u bï kek buɔth ic alɔŋ wɛ̈l dït rïn cï kek räm, ku dhɔ̈ɔ̈l kä aacï kek luɔ̈i ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n juëc ye kɔc kuen thïn R; aawïcku bï ya ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n kuɛ̈n kek lui ku ABSEIR (cï täu GitHub: https://tinyurl.com/vqu35cj) ku abctools (https://tinyurl.com/tfjavz4) ku bï tuany them wudhbuɔ ic.
Since we are fitting an SIR-epidemic model in the ABC routine, we anticipate that our results will be robust against weekly case data containing relatively small counts.
Rin ye ok dhɔ̈ɔ̈l SIR alɔŋ tuany them buk kek cɔl a ram luɔi ABC, aaye ku tak lɔn bï kä buk yɔ̈k la nhial wudhbuɔ ke la akuën thiin kor thöŋ.
For example, see for the ABC methodology applied to the Tristan da Cunha common cold data from 1967, where counts of I (number of infectious cases) and R (number of recovered cases) are in the tens at most.
Cïmen, tïŋ dhel ABC cï luɔ̈i alɔŋ juän Tristan da Cunha ruon 1967, të cï tök I (adat kɔc cï luaŋ) ku R (adat kɔc cï ŋuɛ̈n) aatɔ̈u thiäär ic.
Finally, in addition to the above methodology we will employ the Kaplan-Meier method with two outcomes (death and recovery) to estimate the case fatality ratio.
Thökde, ku bï mat kë tɔ̈u nhial ic, ok aabi dhel Kaplan-Meier luɔ̈i kek käk kärɔu cï bën bei (thuou ku ŋuɛ̈n) ku bï rɛc köm ŋic.
This approach is independent of the ABC methodology and will allow comparisons between estimates from the two modelling approaches to judge robustness of results.
Kën e dhël ABC ku abï thööŋ kam ke bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ic dhɔ̈ɔ̈l kärɔu ku bï kë bï yɔ̈k luk.
RCGP RSC’s surveillance with PHE is defined as Health Protection under Regulation 3 of The Health Service (Control of Patient Information) Regulations 2002.
Cɛɛth RCGP RSC acï tet ic ke ye tiɛ̈t alɔŋ pial guop alɔŋ abaŋ 3 lööŋ luɔi pial guop ic (muŋ nhom wɛ̈l raan tuany) Löŋ ruon 2002.
This has been confirmed by PHE’s Caldicott Guardian’s Office.
Kën acï maktap Caldicott Guardian PHE tïŋ.
We do not see any increased risk to practices or practitioners taking part in this surveillance.
Acïn kë yeku tïŋ ke jɔ̈ɔ̈r juak rot alɔŋ loiloi wula kɔc lui cï rɔ̈t mat cɛɛth ic.
Infection prevention and control advice will follow extant national guidance.
Gɛ̈lgɛ̈l ku muŋ nhom tuany abï dhɔ̈ɔ̈l bai buɔth iic.
Any cases identified will be managed according to the PHE/NHS guidance in force at the time, including advice for identified contacts.
Kɔc cï ke yɔ̈k ke cï luaŋ aabï kek luɔ̈i apath tëcït të ye dhɔ̈ɔ̈l PHE/NHS ye lɛ̈k kɔc thïn lui dhaman ɛ̈, ku ala ic wɛ̈ɛ̈t rin kɔc cï röm ke kek.
However, our training will include reminders about safe handling of specimens and revision of infection control measures anticipated to be high in our practices.
Ku kë ya, piööcda abï ic naŋ kën kɔc täk nhïïm të ye riim muök nhiim thïn ku dhuk ic të dhɔ̈ɔ̈l ye ke tuany gɛ̈l thïn cï kek luel ku bïk rɛ̈ɛ̈r nhial loiloi kua iic.
It is a key part of Regulation 12 about safe care and treatment, periodically inspected by the Care Quality Commission.
E kë path abaŋ löŋ 12 mukmuk apath ku elac, ye kɔc muk akut muök ku piath nhom Care Quality Commission.
Travel History and Clinical Descriptors of the COVID-19 Infections
Anyïkol la keny ku kë cï akïm tet ic alɔŋ köm COVID-19.
The RCGP RSC practices have been advised on the clinical coding that has been made available for COVID-19 across all CMR systems.
Käk cï RCGP RSC looi aacï kek wɛ̈ɛ̈t bï kek ya luɔ̈i panakïm cï ke gam e rin COVID-19 ɣɔ̈ɔ̈n CMR iic ebën.
This includes information on coding of clinical descriptors (Table 4) and any recent travel history.
Kën ala ic wɛ̈l awɛ̈ɛ̈r ic panakïm (Agït 4) ku kuat anyïköl la keny.
Establishment of Extended Virology Sampling
Jɔ̈k cök të ye käm them thïn
The RCGP RSC practices participating in the annual influenza virology surveillance have started sampling from patients showing symptoms of LRTI.
RCGP RSC cï rɔ̈t mat luɔi cɛɛth köm juäi aacï riim kuöt iic tën kɔc la gup LRTI.
All samples received are being tested for influenza and COVID-19.
Kuat riim cï kek nyai aaye kek them bï juäi ku COVID-19 tïŋ .
This has led to initial early identification of background spread in low-risk patients.
Kën acï kɔc kony bï të ye tuany la kɔc ce lac tuany gup thïn ŋic.
As of March 7, 2020, the surveillance system has detected 2 cases of COVID-19 in low-risk patients with no history of travel through extended virological sampling.
Ku na ye pɛi Diäk aköl nïïn 7, 2020, go kën cɛɛth looi kɔc tuany kä 2 tuany COVID-19 kɔc ce lac yɔ̈k kek tuany tïŋ ku anyïköl la keny ke liu cɛɛth ci cuot tueŋ alɔŋ käm.